Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

Some early biographers describe Johnson as having spent his life in poverty, but in light of current studies, his family lived a comfortable, if modest, life.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

Although the Johnsons had a Jacobite history, so William Johnson's uncle Admiral Peter Warren had been raised a Protestant, allowing entry into the Royal Navy.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

[2] Johnson's Irish Catholicism limited his opportunities to contribute to the development of the British Empire.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

Having converted, like his uncle, to Protestant, Johnson was better able to carry out his aspirations for the future.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

In the winter of 1737—1738 he sailed from Dublin to Boston, bringing with him 20 Irish Protestant families.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

After traveling to Albany, Johnson's emigrant group met with Admiral Warren, who had purchased large amounts of unused land along the Mohawk River in New York Province, west of New York City and Schenectady.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

Johnson set about establishing lands in the Warrensburg Colony and acquiring from New York City African slaves for land clearing.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

Warren himself had already hired a group of German colonists for his lands as crofters, and leased small tracts of land to others as well.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

[3] In 1739, the ambitious Johnson grew tired of acting solely as his uncle's chief, and moved into the self-made fur trade and land speculation.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

After acquiring a small tract of land on the north side of the Mohawk River opposite Warrensburgh, he established a small trading post and opened direct trading links with Albany merchants.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

Local Mohawks traded with the Honourable Johnson rather than with other merchants and gave him the name Warraghiyagey (He who trades much).


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

After becoming prosperous in trading, Jonson built a 3-story mansion next to the trading station, which was barraged as Fort Johnson.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

At the same time, he expanded his business activities and began selling the lucrative Amerikanginseng as a health product.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

[4] In King George's War, which spread to America in the 1740s, Johnson was appointed chargé d'affaires for the Iroquois of New York because of his good Indian relations.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

At the same time, he replaced previous Albany Indian Commissioners.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

Recruiting Iroquois warriors for the war, however, was a difficult task, as the Iroquois League had maintained a policy of neutrality in relations between the British and the French.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

With the help of influential chief Hendrick Theyanoguin, Johnson eventually won some of the Mohawks on his side.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

In the war, he organized small Militian and Iroquois League strike groups sent against the French and their Indian allies.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

Many Albanyans found it incredible that Johnson, painted in red war colour like the Mohawks, had been able to forge an Iroquois alliance that warred on the side of the English.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

[5] In accordance with the then scalp law in New York, Johnson paid premiums for scalps, although he knew this would encourage the Mohawks to scalp those who did not participate in fighting as well.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

[6] The Great Colonial War At the start of the 1755 colonial war between Britain and France, English political and military leaders remembered Johnson's skills in dealing with Indians.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

During the same year, he was appointed Chief Intendant of Indian Affairs, and was given a two-sided military commission.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

Johnson simultaneously served as Colonel of the Iroquois Federation and Major General of the Provincial Forces.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

His neo-English forces were one part of that four-toed army led by Major General Edward Braddock, whose purpose was to cut off New France's success in the Great Lakes.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

[7] As Braddock directed his march westward towards Fort Duquesne, an army of Provinces and Mohawks led by Johnson was tasked with attacking the French fort at Fort Frederick on the shores of Lake Champlain.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

The attack had to be abandoned due to the location of the fort and poor access.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

Braddock's army marched during the same summer to a fatal siege staged by the French and their hundreds of Indian allies, known in history as the Battle of Monongahela.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

[8] Johnson's army came into contact with the enemy in October 1755. At that time, the French and their allies carried out an attack on a camp of Neo-Englanders on the shore of Lake George in the Province of New York on the Canadian border.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

Johnson was wounded in his buttock muscle during the battle, but was able to continue as a troop leader after first aid.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

[9] The battle on the shores of Lake George was the only one won by the English during that year.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

The old influential Mohawk chief Hendrick Theyanoguin, who supported Johnson, perished during the battle.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

The Mohawks demanded that Baron Jean-Armand Dieskau, commander of the French forces captured by the British, be given to them, but under the cover of his influence and diplomatic skills, Johnson managed to spare Dieskau's life.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

[10] King George II later honored Johnson for his achievements during the battle and made him a baronet.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

At the same time, Jonhson became the only colonist ever to be nobled.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

[11] In 1759, Johnson was assigned to lead colonial troops and Mohawks against Fort Niagara of New France.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

During the siege, the commander of the British forces was killed and Johnson took his place.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

With this procedure, Johnson angered many British officers who did not consider the provincial army officer posts to be equal to those of those in permanent service.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

Despite the disagreements, Johnson continued as corps commander and eventually forced the French to surrender.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

[11] When New France imploded in the early 1760s, Johnson spent much time traveling the 1,000-mile journey to Detroit and back to negotiate new peace terms with France's former Indian allies.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

[12] Johnson Hall After the end of the Colonial War, Johnson acquired 400 square miles of land from the Mohawks and became the most influential citizen and largest single landowner in the Mohawk Valley.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

[13] In 1762, he founded the town of Johnstown and built Johnson Hall, based on Georgian era architecture, outside the town.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

At the same time, his ties with the Mohawks grew even stronger.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

Daily visitors to the farm comprised members of various tribes of the Iroquois federation and representatives of the British colonies.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

Different cultures, traditions and languages intermingled and created a unique life for the residents of Johnson Hall.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

Johnson encouraged Irish and Scots to emigrate to his lands as tenants or debt slaves.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

Although the fur trade was the greatest source of his wealth so did the lumber trade and the sale of farming products were included in his business ventures.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

Johnson as peace negotiator The Pontiac Rebellion, which began in May 1763, prompted Johnson to return to diplomatic duties.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

The whole bloody event was prompted by the inability of the British to deal with ichthyane politics.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

For years, Johnson had advised settlement makers to distribute gifts to heads of various tribes, noting the importance of diplomacy in all Native American relations.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

However, the English did not follow Johnson's advice.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

Lord Jeffrey Amherst, the supreme commander of the British forces, felt that the best way to conduct relations was through discipline, not “bribery.”


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

[14] This view led to the deaths of about 2000 Britons as warriors from various tribes led by Ottawie chief Pontiac overran French strongholds which fell under British control.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

Eventually, the Indians tired of the siege and retreated to their villages.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

Rebel leader Pontiac attempted to press ahead with the takeover but could no longer get enough backers behind him.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

The French, too, were reluctant to give him their support.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

[15] In the summer of 1766, Johnson and Pontiac squeezed each other's hand at Fort Oswego as a sign of the peace that had been concluded between the Indian rebels and the colonists.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

The Iroquois and western tribes present exchanged their wampumvus as confirmation that Pontiac's rebellion was definitively over.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

In the Peace of Stanwix, held in 1768, Johnson persuaded Native Americans to give up their lands in New York, Virginia, and Pennsylvania.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

Following this treaty, mainly Scottish colonists occupied the Mohawk River valley.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

In the summer of 1774, Johnson succeeded in preventing the Iroquois from joining the Shawne' army in Lord Dunmore's War.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

[16] Death and funeral In July 1774, Johnson perished at his mansion Johnson Hall from a probable cerebral infarction in the middle of a negotiation by the Iroquois Federation.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

[17] Thousands of people flocked to his funeral.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

[18] Pallbearers were Governor William Franklin of New Jersey and justices of the New York Supreme Court.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

Johnson was buried under the altar of St. John's Anglican Church, which he had founded himself.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

The day after the funeral, representatives of the Iroquois Federation gathered at Johnson's grave to celebrate their own memorial service.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

[19] Private life and family in the Kurpfalz region of Germany, Catherine Weisenberg was Johnson's first wife.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

The union was not official; instead, the couple lived in a cohabitation-like relationship from 1739 to 1759.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

According to the most common story, Catherine, while serving as a maid, had escaped her master in New York City in 1738.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

Later, a mansion owner bought him at the Port of Manhattan.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

Johnson, in turn, bought Catherine from a New York-based mansion for the price of £5 and took the girl into his household.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

[20] Catherine became Johnson's housekeeper and wife.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

Three children were born to the couple, of whom John Johnson inherited his father's estate in 1774.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

At Catherine's death in 1759, her place was taken by Mohawk-born Molly Brant, who lived in the Johnson household until her death.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

Johnson had met Molly and years before Catherine died.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

They had a total of 8 children, each of whom inherited a tract of land after their father's death.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

In addition to the aforementioned children, Johnson had three children with Caroline Hendricko, a member of the Mohawks.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

Of these children, only a son named William of Canajoharie was mentioned in his father's will, so his sisters had received their share of the inheritance even before their father's death.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

[21] In addition, Johnson had common children with Elizabeth Brant.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

[22] In his final years of life, Johnson is also believed to have had a close relationship with the young Susannah Wormwood, who served as an occasional housekeeper at Johnson's fishing lodge.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

[23] Also counted in the Johnson family was Molly's brother Joseph Brant, who had absorbed much European cultural influences from Johnson.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

Joseph was usually involved in all gatherings of the family and was much closer to Johnson than William of Canajoharie, who hated the white race.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

[24] One of the persons closest to Johnson was his nephew Guy Johnson, who had arrived from Ireland as his uncle's apprentice in 1756.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

Guy married Johnson's daughter Mary and, like Sir William, made good relations with the peoples of the Iroquois federation.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

Upon the death of William Johnson, Guy Jonhson took his seat as Super-Intendant of Indian Affairs for the Northern Territories.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

[25] Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Anderson, Fred| title= Crucible of War| publisher = Vintage; Reprint edition| year = 2001| id=ISBN 978-0375706363| language = Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

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Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Berleth, Richard| title=Bloody Mohawk| publisher = Black Dome Press| year = 2009| id = ISBN 978-1883789664| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Castle, Ian| title= Fort William Henry 1755 - 1757| publisher = Osprey Publishing| year = 2013| id=ISBN 978-1782002741| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Flexner, James Thomas| title = Mohawk Baronet: Biography of Sir William Johnson| publisher = Syracuse University Press| year = 1990| id = ISBN 978-0815602392| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Gordon, Irene| title=Laird of Fort William| publisher = Unknown| year = 2014| id=ISBN 978-1927051726| language = Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = O'Toole, Fintan| title = White Savage| publisher = Univ of New York Press| year = 2009| id = ISBN 9781438427584| language = Transclusion error: {{I en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Paxton, James V.| title = Joseph Brant and His World: Eighteenth-Century Mohawk Warrior and Statesman| publisher = James Lorimer & Company| year = 2008| id = ISBN 978-1552770238| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only use for File namespace.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ross, John F.| title = War on the Run| publisher = Bantam| year= 2011| id=ISBN 978-0553384574| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Tucker, Spencer C.| title= The Encyclopedia of North American Indian Wars, 1607—1890| publisher = ABC Clio| year = 2011| id=ISBN 978-1851096978| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only use for File namespace.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Waldman, Carl| title= Atlas of North American Indian| publisher = Fact on file Publications| year = 1985| id=ISBN 0-87196-850-9| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)


Question: What did Sir William Johnson die of?

William Johnson (baronet)

References Category:British persons Category:Those born in 1715 Class:Deaths in 1774


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

Resurrection Band (also Rez Band or REZ) was an American Christian hard rock and blues rock band formed at the turn of the 1960s—1970s in connection with the Jesus People USA movement, officially in 1972.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

The Resurrection Band is often considered to be the first early Christian pre-metal band.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

In this respect, the band played a crucial role in paving the way for later generations of the trend.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

Halfway through their career, the band went close to significant mainstream success after conducting various style experiments with radio friendly hard rock and lyrics.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

In its early days, Resurrection Band represented what was considered heavy metal by 1970s standards, and its first-born album Awaiting Your Reply was compared especially to Led Zeppelin.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

After the band broke up in 2000, singer-guitarist Glenn Kaiser pursued a solo career with his blues band The Glenn Kaiser Band.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

History 1970s: Groundbreaking Steps Originally, the band played under the name Charity Jesus People in the Milwaukee community, based in Milwaukee, Wisconsin State.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

Jesus People USA was the United States branch of the Jesus movement beginning in the 1960s, which was effectively a hippie movement with Christian causes.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

At one point, the Jesus People Milwaukee community split into four subcommunities: one became the “Jesus People USA Travelling Team” before it relocated to Chicago, Illinois.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

Charity changed its name to Resurrection Band and the community's work focused on supporting the band.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

Upon arriving in Chicago, the Resurrection Band independently recorded four cassettes distributed by the band at the conclusion of their concerts.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

The band performed wherever they could ranging from schools to prisons and street corners.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

The first cassette Music to Raise the Dead was hard rock in style, while All Your Life consisted only of the band's acoustic songs.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

The latter reflected the band's folk-influenced performance, played by the Resurrection Band at more old events such as nursing homes and parishes.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

Those mentioned after were deeply skeptical of Christian heavy rock and the fact that Resurrection Band specialised in music that was the perception of heavy metal of that time.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

Four years later, after receiving an $8000 donation from a friend, Resurrection Band recorded their first studio album Awaiting Your Reply in recording sessions that lasted day and night for two weeks.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

Despite the fact that the band had finished the album down to the cover art, no record label was interested in releasing the album.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

Also, no Christian record label wanted to take the risk and release the recording, as music inspired by the band's Led Zeppelin and Jefferson Airplane was too controversial for the Christian market.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

However, despite warnings from other spiritual music producers, independent Star Song Records decided to release the album as the company had nothing to lose.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

To the surprise of many, Awaiting Your Reply was successful in the music industry, especially in the Christian market, where the album peaked at number 6 in terms of chart success.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

Despite the fact that the album was misunderstood among contemporary critics, today the recording is praised and is listed in one music book at number 91 on the list of the 100 most important Christian music albums.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

The success continued with their second studio album, Rainbow's End.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

The album's style remained familiar with progressive hard rock and metal, and resembled Black Sabbath and Aerosmith in its line.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

The band themselves were pleased with what they had done, unlike Star Song: Resurrection Band had to look for a new record label.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

Rainbow's End is notable for being the first album by a US rock group to take a stand on South Africa's racist apartheid racial divide.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

A year later, Peter Gabriel brought the subject to the world's knowledge with his classic song “Biko”.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

The Resurrection Band later became known for its way of addressing various social and political grievances in its music ranging from the military-industrial complex to the corrupting influence of US materialism, as well as racism, homelessness, AIDS, substance addiction, prostitution, as well as on many other topics the band personally encountered as it carried its message forward in Chicago's urban community.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

1980-1982: Critical reception After writing a record deal with Light Records, Resurrection Band left their progressive rock trend and switched to a more radio-friendly hard rock and metal style.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

Both subsequent albums, Colours (1980) and Mommy Don't Love Daddy Anymore (1981) were musical character works, both of which dealt in turn with more common social problems such as poverty and divorce, as well as personal spiritual problems such as salvation and discipleship and their connection.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

Meanwhile, while the mainstream was still getting used to the idea of Christian hard rock's existence, alternative Christian music magazines praised both albums, and Harvest Rock Syndicate, the lead publication of these magazines, gave both five stars.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

Similarly, the band began to receive wider radio play.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

The Resurrection Band combined its reputation as a powerful live performer with its effective evangelistic message — Glenn Kaiser often preached at the conclusion of concerts — and gained a positive reputation among the congregation's workers, as did the devout fan corps.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

Despite its success, the Resurrection Band transferred all of its proceeds to the Jesus People USA community, as members gave their money following the example of the New Testament congregation.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

The Resurrection Band utilized some of their money and built their own recording studio in the center of their community.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

The studio later gained the nickname “The Tone Zone”.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

Despite erecting the studio on a shoestring budget, the band recorded their second album there, D.M.Z, in the summer of 1982.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

The album represented a minor transition in the band's sound, and was half Van Halen-inspired hard rock, and featured energetic guitar solos by Stu Heiss.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

The second half of the album, on the other hand, was more new wave in its approach: a controversial style that the band continued with greater vigour on their later releases.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

The split expression of the album did not receive a very good reception from critics.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

Nonetheless, two songs from the album proved to be standard on the band's live performances: “Military Man” and “White Noise”.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

These songs were also included on the band's second release Live Bootleg, a live album recorded at Odeon, Chicago in October 1983 in front of an eager audience.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

This was the band's first release on Sparrow Records, one of the largest and most successful Christian record labels, which at the time was looking for more Christian bands for whom evangelism was the main goal.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

Live Bootleg was the first album released under the band's shortened name “Rez Band”, which had been invented and established by the band's admirers.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

The album contained songs that addressed the problems of high school age students.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

The band continued this theme of lyrics for as long in their career, as they recorded music.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

Mid 1980s: from new wave to MTV After the band had done a few successful tours of the United States and Europe in the early 1980s with other Christian hard rock bands, including Swedish band Jerusalem, critics and admirers saw the Rez Band as a leading Christian hard rock group.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

As a result, when the band released Hostage late in 1984, listeners were again surprised by the band's transformation: for all its keyboardist emphasis, the album reflected the band's growing interest in new wave music.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

On Hostage's first single “S.O.S.”


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

there are barely any guitars.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

Despite this, the single reached the top spot on the Christian rock singles chart for weeks and the band caught the interest of a whole new audience.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

However, the change was controversial and richly divided the opinions of critics.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

However, the Rez Band did not completely abandon their hard rock sound.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

The next single “Crimes”, sung by Wendi Kaiser, is a traditional moshating Rez Band song about intra-city violence, a topic that the Jesus People USA community knows about first hand.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

“Crimes” was even more popular on Christian radio channels and also gained some airtime on mainstream rock stations thanks to the song being described as one of the first music videos in the Christian industry to make it to the MTV broadcast.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

A quick taste of mainstream success had a major impact on the band's next release Between Heaven 'n Hell, which ditched most of Hostage's new wave stylizations, and replaced them with a more radio-friendly Colours album-styled hard rock expression.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

The band shortened their name further to “REZ”.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

The band benefited significantly from the fact that the big Capitol Records label was distributing Sparrow Records releases.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

The lyric excerpt changed insofar as the band made no further reference to God or Jesus, though the perspective remained Christian.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

The catchy “Love Comes Down” song became the first single from the album.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

A music video was shot for “Love Comes Down”, which contains a lot of dance choreography, was more professionally produced than previous videos.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

It allowed the video to get significantly more airtime on MTV than “Crimes” ever did.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

However, the band's most controversial decision was to end their traditional altar-calling custom at the conclusion of their concerts, as a concession to play at more secular events on the release tour.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

Because of this, some accused the band of abandoning their message due to mainstream success.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

1988-1993: blues influences It took three years for the band to return to the studio to record their next album, and a lot of things changed during that time: Rez was no longer a driving force in the Christian sphere.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

Instead, glam metal band Stryper had made appearances in their yellow-black glory, and brought Christian metal into the mainstream with their album To Hell with the Devil in 1986.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

Stryper sold millions of albums, and dominated MTV's charts with her videos, and Amy Grant reached number one on the US pop chart with her single “The Next Time I Fall”.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

Christian alternative music had also toiled its way into the mainstream as The 77s wrote a record deal with Island Records, and an album bearing its own name received a favoured review in Rolling Stone magazine.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

In addition, during that time Jesus People USA launched its first annual Cornerstone Festival, which would serve as a springboard for many future mainstream successes such as Sixpence None the Richer and P.O.D. The lineup of REZ also changed during that time: bassist Jim Denton left the band to go to Theological Seminary and was replaced by longtime Rez roadie and songwriter Roy Montroy, who would soon become a major creative force in the band.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

Despite missing out on the mainstream success to which the band had allegedly paved the way for other bands, Rez was in any case more interested in using his music to inform both non-Christians about God and Christians about their responsibility to the unfreed and their to the pain happening around them.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

Rez returned to the studio in 1988, resulting in Silence Screams: an album that mixed blues, hard rock and heavy metal.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

This mix also served as a musical formula that would continue on the band's next releases.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

Silence Screams, which includes a confusing cover art, deals heavily with social concerns such as abortion, greed, racial divide and terrorism, too.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

With this, as in 1979 when dealing with apartheid, the band proved itself to be a pioneer in subjects taking a stand.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

The album is also unique in that it was the first release by the band's own record label Grr Records.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

Grr Records is a pun on Myrrh Records: one of the largest Christian record labels of its time.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

Now the band could exercise full creative freedom and financial mastery of their music.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

Creatively lively, Rez released a new studio album on average every eighteen months.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

Innocent Blood, Civil Rites and Reach of Love continued the formula started by Silence Screams: each album addressed topical social and spiritual concerns, as did incorporating more and more blues influences.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

The latter was largely due to singer Glenn Kaiser, who was embarking on a new career as a blues artist outside of Rez.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

As Kaiser focused more on his solo career, Roy Montroy became a more prominent songwriter in Rez.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

On the Reach of Love album, he wrote each song himself, something the other band members had not previously promoted.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

At this point, however, both critics and the band themselves began to take the view that the formula that began with the Silence Screams album became more loose-eyed throughout, and that the band had stuck in their habits.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

Because of this, for the first time in the band's history, Rez sought creative inspiration from outside the Jesus People USA community, resulting in Ty Tabor, bassist-vocal soloist of the band King's X.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

Late 1990s: a creative overhaul under the influence of Ty Tabor, the album Lament was released in 1995.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

Unlike the band's previous recordings, Lament is the band's first concept album, about one man's disillusionment with the hardness and cruelty of life and the growing realization that things cannot change unless he experiences spiritual salvation.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

With the band realizing the importance of the sequence of songs, Resurrection Band (which now reverted to its old name) played the entire album's track list from start to finish on their Lament tour.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

This was rare enough in rock music - with the exception of The Who and Styx - but before unheard in Christian rock.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

As a result, longtime admirers and critics praised Lament's creative overhaul, with some calling the album even one of the band's finest.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

Despite the reception Lament received, the Resurrection Band decided at the conclusion of the tour to end their career.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

Despite this announcement, the Resurrection Band got back together once a year to play a gig at the annual Cornerstone Festival, which had become one of the most prominent events in the Christian music industry.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

In 1997, the band decided to return to the studio to record their last album.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

With enthusiasm for MTV Unplugged at its peak at the time, Resurrection Band decided to adapt their hard rock material to an acoustic format.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

The band had played an acoustic concert in the crypt of Helsinki Cathedral a year earlier, which also served as a source of inspiration.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

The result was an Ampendactomy, which contains fifteen selections from throughout the band's musical history.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

Despite the humorous cover art reflecting the laid-back atmosphere of the recording sessions, the album's reception was highly divided.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

Nonetheless, the band continued to make an annual appearance at the Cornerstone Festival.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

Finally, in July 2000, Resurrection Band took its nearly 30-year career to a close and did a farewell concert, leaving behind the music industry as well as a path that other Christian musicians could take.


Question: In which city is the Resurrection Band founded?

Resurrection Band

Members Glenn Kaiser — vocals, guitar, cymbal, harmonica Wendi Kaiser — vocals Stu Heiss — guitar, keyboards Jim Denton — bass, keyboards (1974—1987) Roy Montroy — bass, keyboards (1987—2000) John Herrin — drums Discography on Subject Elsewhere Category: American hard rock groups Category: Christian groups Category: Blues rock groups


Question: Who won UCL in 2018?

Champions League final 2018

The 2018 Champions League Final was the final match of the 2017—2018 Champions League season, the highest competition in European club football, which was the 26th in order of the Champions League and the 63rd in the football cup played between the best club teams in Europe. at the Olympic Stadium, Ukraine on 26 May 2018 between Spanish club Real Madrid and English club Liverpool.


Question: Who won UCL in 2018?

Champions League final 2018

The final was the third consecutive for Real Madrid, the last time Liverpool had played in the final in the 2006—07 season.


Question: Who won UCL in 2018?

Champions League final 2018

Stadium Kyiv Olympic Stadium was selected as the venue for the final match on 15 September 2016.


Question: Who won UCL in 2018?

Champions League final 2018

[1] Road to the final Attention: All results indicate the number of goals of the team that made it to the final first.


Question: Who won UCL in 2018?

Champions League final 2018

Match GK1 Keylor NavasRb2 Dani CarvaJalCB5 Raphaël VaraneCB4 Sergio Ramos (c) LB12 MarceLocm10 Luka ModrićCM14 CasemiroCM8 Toni Kroosam22 iSCOCF9 Karim BenzemacF7 Cristiano RonaldoReplacement Players:GK13 Kiko CasilladF6 NACHODF15 Theo HernándezMF20 Marco AsensiomF23 Mateo KovačićFW11 Gareth Balefw17 Lucas VázQuezHead coach: Zinédine Zidane GK1 Loris KariusRb66 Trent Alexander-ArnoldCb6 Dejan LovrenCb4 Virgil van Dijklb26 Andrew RobertsOncM7 James MilnerCM14 Jordan Henderson (c) CM5 Georginio WijnalDumrf11 Mohamed SalahCF9 Roberto Firminolf19 Sadio ManéReplacement Players:GK22 Simon MignalDUMRF11 oletDF2 Nathaniel ClynedF17 Ragnar KlavandF18 Alberto Morenomf20 Adam LallanaMF23 Emre CANFW29 Dominic SolankeHead coach: Jürgen Klopp See also Europa League Final 2018 UEFA Super Cup 2018 Sources On the topic elsewhere (official site) Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Who won UCL in 2018?

Champions League final 2018

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Question: Who won UCL in 2018?

Champions League final 2018

Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Who won UCL in 2018?

Champions League final 2018

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Who won UCL in 2018?

Champions League final 2018

Category:Football league season 2017—2018/2018 Category:Champions League finals


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

Kurdistan is a predominantly Kurdish-populated region in the Middle East, covering parts of eastern Turkey, northern Iraq, western Iran, and small parts of Syria and Armenia.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

[1] Kurdistan's borders are difficult to define, as none of the above states recognize Kurdistan as a demographic or geographical entity.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

Usually it includes areas with large Kurdish populations.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

According to one estimate, there are between 30 and 35 million Kurds worldwide, and their country covers an area the size of France.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

Estimating is complicated by the fact that states seek to underestimate the number of Kurds inside their borders.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

[2] Kurdistan Province in Iran and Kurdish Autonomous Region in Iraq are usually included in the definition of Kurdistan.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

Half of the Kurds live on the territory of the Turkish state, the rest in northern Iraq, Iran, Syria and the territory of the former Soviet Union, and as migrants in Western Europe.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

Geography and climate Kurdistan is a mountainous region.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

The most famous mountain is Ararat, on which Noah's Ark is reported to have stopped.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

[3] The region's major rivers Euphras and Tigris flow from the Turkish side into Iraq and Syria.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

Turkey is planning on damming them.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

[3] Kurdistan has a Mediterranean climate: hot and dry in summer, cool and rainy in winter.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

It snows in the mountains.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

[4] Economy and natural resources Agriculture is an important industry.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

Especially in tribal areas, cultivation is combined with animal husbandry.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

[4] Kurdistan has a lot of minerals: iron, coal, copper, lead, zinc, magnesium, tin, uranium, gold, silver and gypsum.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

[4] Kurdistan has oil in many areas.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

Four oil fields are in use in Iraq: Ain Zala, Kirkuk, Zanboor and Khanaqin, as well as many other still unexploited oil fields.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

In Iran, oil reserves are near the town of Kurmanshah, in Turkey's Van district.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

Syria has oil in Jezirah near the Iraqi border.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

[4] In particular, Iraqi Kurdistan oil attracts international players.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

[5] History of Kurdistan Farming was started in Kurdistan quite early, perhaps as early as the seventh millennium BCE.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

[6] The development of culture followed roughly the same lines in Kurdistan as in Mesopotamia at the time and in the following millennia.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

Farming first developed and with time the villages grew into large cities.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

Signs of early animal husbandry, farming and hunting have been found in Magsalija.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

Pottery appeared around 7000-6000 BCE.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

Symmetrical statues of two domesticated animals have also been found from that period.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

Around 6000-5000 BC.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

houses were enlarged and statues pertaining to a fertility cult have been found in the period.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

Around 5000-4000 BCE.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

appeared temples as a sign of a budding civilization.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

[7] According to historians, the Indo-Iranian peoples spread out into Kurdistan and Iran from the north, among others.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

Kurds colonized the Kurdistan region no later than about 600 BCE.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

[8] Can't say where and when the Kurds have entered the region.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

Among other things, lulus, guts, [8] kass, urartas, ali khadls, sobars (in nayr land) and meeds have been considered as Kurdish ancestors.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

[9] The northern land of the Sumerians influenced by the 3rd millennium Subaru, Su was inhabited by a people called Qurtie.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

The Sumerians also mention a people called karda, qarda.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

The Assyrians used the Kurdish names guti, kuti, kurti and kardu.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

[10] According to some scholars, the Kurds would be the original inhabitants of the Zagros Mountains and around 800 to 700 BCE.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

a mixture of incoming Indo-Europeans.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

[10] In the old days, the region was ruled by many major kingdoms, including the Mongols and Turks.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

During the Middle Ages, there were several small states in the Kurdistan region, some of which continued until the 19th century.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

[1] The Ottoman people ruled most of Kurdistan until World War I.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

According to the Peace Treaty of Sèvres of 1920, the Kurdistan Autonomous Region should have been established in Turkey, but this was not implemented.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

[1] The treaty was superseded in 1923 by the Lausanne Peace Treaty.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

The northern part of Kurdistan continued to remain with Turkey, but the southern part came to belong to Syria and Iraq, which were ceded as mandate territories by the League of Nations to French and British control, but which later became independent.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

The easternmost part of Kurdistan continued to remain in Persia, that is, present-day Iran.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

Over the course of the 20th century, Kurds have many times rebelled in Turkey, Iraq and Iran.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

During World War II, the Kurds too, like many other nations, tried to establish their own state.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

On 22 January 1946, the First Kurdistan Republic was declared born and Kurdistan Democratic Party leader Qazi Mohammed was elected its president.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

This republic lasted about a year.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

The establishment of the republic resurrected the Kurdish hope that their long struggle might end up in victory after all.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

Towards the end of the year, the republic fell victim


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

The Kurdish resistance was not enough to stop the Iranian military, which marched into Mahabad.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

The leaders of the republic were hanged in the central square of Mahabad.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

[11] Since then, the Kurds have not had a state of their own.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

Today Kurdistan is divided between Turkey, Iraq, Iran and Syria, but the Kurdish dream of independence lives on.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

Disputes between religious groups, peoples and tribes have become intermingled.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

Fragmented rebellions have often been quashed, exploiting Kurdish mutual suspicion.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

Iraqi Kurdistan Iraqi Kurdistan is an autonomous region in the north of the country.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

It consists of three governorates Erbil, Sulaymaniyah and Duhok.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

[12] It's a mountainous area.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

The mountains average 2400 metres high, but the highest peaks soar to more than three kilometres.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

[13] During the Kurdish Republic, dreams of a Kurdish state had spread from Iran to the Iraqi Kurds as well, creating resistance movements in Iraq as well.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

The Iraqi Kurds have had a very poor position.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

Kurds have often rebelled, which in turn has caused massive persecution and extensive repression against the people.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

On the other hand, armed disputes within the Kurds have pushed them to sometimes ally with the Iraqi government.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

The Kurdish revolt of 1974 resulted from the Iraqi government's exclusion of important oil areas, including the Kirkuk region, from the future Kurdish Autonomous Region.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

The United States and the Shah's Iran supported the revolt of Mustafa Barzani's Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP), which however soon ended.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

This led to widespread Kurdish persecutions in the 1970s, involving the eradications of villages, forced displacement of the population and the Arabization of the Kurdish region.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

During the eight-year Iraq—Iran War (22 September 1980 — 20 August 1988), both governments encouraged Kurdish hopes of independence in the opposing region.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

However, for example, Jalal Talabani's Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (engl.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

acronym PUK) agreed disputes in 1983 with the Iraqi government.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

But in 1987 the PUK sided with Iran.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

Iraq's counter-bet to this was the relentless al Anfal cleansing campaign that drove Kurds into refugees and controlled refugee camps.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

In the gas attack on the town of Halabdjan, or Halabd [z] an, 5000 people were killed at once.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

In 2007, an Iraqi court sentenced Ali Hasan al-Majidi, known as Kemicali-Ali, Sultan Hashim Ahmad, former Iraqi defence minister, and Hussein Rashid al-Tikrit, a former army commander, to be hanged in connection with the al-Anfal campaign, where by 1988 the Iraqi army was destroyed 4000 Kurdish villages, estimates say 180,000 people killed and 1.5 million deported.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

[14] [15] [16] The Kurds in northern Iraq, despite adversity, already managed to establish self-rule under Saddam Hussein.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

Iraqi Kurdistan has its own parliament, police department and, in practice, also its own army in the form of peshmerga militias.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

Multi-party elections have been held in the region and the human rights record is clearly better than the rest of Iraq.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

The ruling parties in Iraqi Kurdistan include the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (engl.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

acronym PUK) and the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) led by Masud Barzani.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

Since the US toppled Saddam Hussein's regime, Iraqi Kurdistan's position has been further strengthened.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

The region has mostly escaped the violence in the rest of Iraq, and Kurdish representation in the new Iraqi administration is strong, among them former President Jalal Talabani (born 12 November 1933, d. 3 October 2017) was a Kurd.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

[17] The Kurds have called for the expansion of the autonomous region to annex the province of Kirkuk, which has significant oil resources.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

Iranian Kurdistan Iran is home to the second highest number of Kurds after Turkey.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

At the 2011 census, Kordestān Province had nearly 1.5 million inhabitants.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

[18] There were widespread protests in Iranian Kurdistan in the summer of 2005 for Kurdish rights.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

[19] Piranshahr and Mahabad form the Mukriyan district.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

[20] Kurdish Workers' Party (), a fighting Kurdish party in Turkish Kurdistan Turkey, was founded in 1978.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

It began armed activities in 1984.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

[21] Following Turkey's defeat, the winning states of World War I planned to establish the Kurdistan Autonomous Region, but this was not implemented.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

During and after the World War, Turkish Armenians were persecuted and Turkish Greeks moved in large numbers to Greece.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

The Kurds survived persecution and have been the largest national minority in Turkey since these events.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

[22] Since 1984 until these days, the PKK has been waging guerrilla warfare in southeastern Turkey (northeastern Kurdistan), to which the country's army and government have responded with heavy counter-strikes.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

Thousands of villages have been eradicated and millions of people have been forced to flee their homes.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

More than 37,000 people have died in this conflict.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

[21] PKK leader Abdullah Öcalan was captured and sentenced to death in 1999.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

The sentence was commuted to life after Turkey dropped the death sentence, and Öcalan still lives on Imral prison island near the town of Mudanya.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

Öcalan is currently a mythical figure for many Kurds.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

[23] The PKK has been classified as a terrorist organisation by the European Union and the United States.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

[24] Despite Turkey's many attempts, the United Nations, China, Russia, India and Switzerland have refused to classify the PKK as a terrorist organization.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

[25] [26] [27] In recent years, the Turkish state has allowed the teaching of various dialects of the Kurdish language in private educational institutions, as well as Kurdish-language radio and television programs.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

Despite developments in Turkey, education in Kurdish language is prohibited, the study of Kurdish language is only allowed as a minor in some educational institutions.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

[28] In Turkey's EU accession negotiations, the Kurdish issue has emerged as part of Turkey's human rights situation.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

[29] Although the PKK has declared an end to warfare, violent strikes, arrests and human rights violations by the Turkish military have continued.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

[30] According to some, the war was an inevitable consequence of a repressive atmosphere, killings and torture of detainees, and attempts to assimilate Kurds into the ruling population.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

Others felt that war was an inevitable consequence of economic and social disparities between the regions, as well as terrorism.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

Kurds are still not recognized by Turkey; according to the 66th article of the Turkish Constitution, Turkish citizens are Turkish.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

Syrian Kurdistan Syrian Kurds are a smaller population group than the equivalent in Turkey.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

The number of Syrian Kurds is around 2 to 3.5 million, perhaps more.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

They live in northern Syria, their preferred towns include Kobane, Afrin, Qamishlo, Derik, Tirbe Sibi and Hasake.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

Many don't even have country citizenship.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

In 2010, the Kurds clashed with security police and were accused of fraternizing with the PKK, which is classified as a terrorist organisation.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

[31] During the Syrian Civil War of 2012, Syrian Kurds began preparing to claim their own autonomous region.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

Their efforts were supported by Turkish Kurdish organizations under Masoud Barzani.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

[32] Kurds have participated in the Syrian Civil War (26 January 2011—) by fighting the extremist organization ISIS ((IS),, ad-daula al-Islāmiyya, “Islamic State”).


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

[33] Sources on the topic elsewhere Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ali Ahmed, Mohammed| title= The legal status of the Kurds in the Middle East: The twenty-first century policies of Turkey, Iran, Syria and Iraq towards the Kurds| publisher = University of Exeter| year = 2010| version = dissertation| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What is the largest city in the Kurdistan Region?

Kurdistan

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.| format = [online version]}} — Photo Gallery * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

African economic population887 million (14%) GDP (purchasing power) 1.635 trillion USDGDP (wealth) USDGDP 558 billion per capita (purchasing power) 1,968 USDGDP per capita (wealth) 671 USDGDP per capita annual growth per capita 0.74% (1990-2002) Earnings44.7 %Millionaires 0.1 million (0.01 %) People living on less than a dollar a day36.2 %Debt (% of GDP) 60.7% (1998) Debt repayments (% of GDP) 4.2 %Development aid received (% of GDP) 3.2% (2001) Women's average income level51.8% of men's income The African economy covers African industry, trade and resources.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

In 2005, there were an estimated 922 million people living in Africa living in 54 countries.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

[1] Africa is by far the poorest of the populated continents in the world and poorer on average today than it was 30 years ago.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

[2] In the UN report of 175 countries, the “Human Development Report” for 2003, the last 25 places were African states.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

[3] Africa's current poverty has its roots in some places in history.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

[4] The major causes of Africa's poor economic situation have been the volatile transition away from colonialism, the Cold War, the rise of political corruption, and despotism and protectionism.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Africa's economic development has trampled in place compared with the rapid economic growth in China, India and South America, which has lifted millions of people above the poverty line.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Africa's economy has even regressed as measured by foreign trade, investment and GDP.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Poverty has far-reaching effects, including low lifespan, violence and instability.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Over the decades, many attempts have been made to grow Africa's economy, but with little success.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

[5] Regional variation from African states only South Africa is wealthy enough to be counted as an industrialised country on the OECD list.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

[6] However, there are considerable differences in wealth between countries on the continent.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Africa's most prosperous regions are located in the north as well as


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

North Africa has long been closely linked to the economic regions of Europe and the Middle East.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

South Africa is by far the richest nation on the continent, measured by both total and population proportional GDP.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

[7] South Africa's neighbouring states have also benefited from its wealth.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

[7] Comparatively small oil-enriched states like Gabon and Equatorial Guinea do not fit into the top ten richest African countries.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

West Africa, which has a long history of trading and was highly developed before the colonial period, is on average wealthier and more stable than the rest of the continent.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Island states such as the Seychelles, Cape Verde and Mauritius are slightly richer than mainland African states, but the volatile Comoros has remained poor.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

The poorest are states that are in civil war or just recovering from one, for example the Democratic Republic of Congo, Sierra Leone, Burundi and Somalia.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

In the past, the poorest region has been the Horn of Africa, which has nevertheless historically been one of the wealthiest regions in sub-Saharan Africa.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Also today very poor Ethiopia has a long and successful history.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

The region has been burdened for several decades by poverty as well as related famines and wars.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Within countries, Africa has considerable disparities in wealth.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Economic inequality is very high in several African countries, with the upper class having significantly higher incomes than the majority of the population.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Information History Before the Roman Empire, ancient Egypt was one of the most successful and advanced civilizations on Earth.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Alexander the Great in 334 BC.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Founded by Alexandria was for centuries one of the most important Mediterranean trade centers.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Egypt remained one of the most advanced non-European countries right up to the 19th century.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Conditions in sub-Saharan Africa were very different.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Due to the dense forest and vast deserts, intra-continent commerce was difficult.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

The prosperity extended only to Nubia, Ethiopia, Mali and Ghana, with trade routes to Mediterranean countries as well as the Middle East.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

New technology and advances in civilizations made commerce easier around the world.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

In the first millennium after the beginning of the period, the Kingdom of Aksum had a lucrative trading kingdom on the east coast of Africa (in the territory of present-day Ethiopia and Eritrea).


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Aksum had a large navy, and traded with distant lands, even the Byzantine Empire and India.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

After the Arab conquers of North Africa taught the use of camels in the 9th century, trade across the Sahara began for the first time.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Profits from the sale of gold and salt led to the emergence of several powerful and rich kingdoms in the western parts of the Sahel; these included e.g.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Kingdoms of Ghana, Kanem-Bornu and Mali.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

With the help of the Arabs, a maritime trade route was also established along the east coast of Africa, and the region prospered as ivory was exported from the east coast as well as slaves across the Indian Ocean.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Further south, large empires were rare, with the exception of the Zimbabwean Empire.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

In African Great Lakes region states such as Rwanda, Burundi and Buganda, administration was heavily concentrated as a result of high population and lavish agricultural returns.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

In the 15th century, Portuguese traders began trading directly with the territory of Guinea, instead of using the Saharan trade route.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

The Portuguese were followed over the decades by other European traders, leading to an explosive increase in wealth in the region and the emergence of successful states such as the Kingdom of Benin, Dahomey and Ašant.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

The region was characterised by lax union and city-states such as the Yorubas and Hausas states.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Prosperity was based on the slave trade, but income from it was depleted as the slave trade was banned and Europeans established their colonies on the continent.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

For the first decades after the advent of Europeans, the principle of laissez-faire prevailed in the region.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

European companies were hoped to prosper when they were guaranteed a secure operating environment.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

However, this only happened in a few areas with remarkably rich natural resources.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

The colonies' economy grew hardly at all between the 1890s and the 1920s.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

The colonies were forced to source their money themselves because they received little, if any, monetary support from Europe.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

With the emergence of Keynesian economics in the 1930s, settlement administration began to significantly support settlement development.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

However, the Great Depression and World War II curbed new projects, and settlement development did not get properly off the ground until the post-war years.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

In the 1950s, economic growth and international trade grew in much of Africa to many times that of the pre-war period.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Huge demand for raw materials, reconstruction in Asia and Europe, and strong economic growth in North America pushed commodity prices high.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

With the end of the period of colonialism in the 1960s, there was an expectation that Africa would be able to prosper self-sufficiently.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

However, growth remained only momentary as newly independent states had to borrow large amounts of money from abroad.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

In the 1970s, Africa's economy was hampered by global economic decline, rising oil prices, corruption and political instability.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Over the following decades, Africa has steadily become impoverished compared to the rest of the world; at the same time, the South American economy has grown steadily and the East Asian economy even phenomenally.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

According to the World Economic Forum, in 1970 ten percent of the world's poor lived in Africa; in 2000, 50% of them were Africans.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Between 1974 and 2000, the average income level has been reduced by $200.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

The early 1976 Lomé Accords and the Cotonou Agreement between the EU and ACP countries have structured economic relations between Europe and Africa.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Economic Sectors Agriculture The most important sector of the African economy is agriculture, with 60% of Africans employed.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

About three-fifths of farmers in Africa receive just the amount of harvest they can provide for their families.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

[12] Small farms do not leave extra crops for sale almost at all.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

However, Africa has a significant number of large farmers who cultivate more lucrative crops such as coffee, cotton, cocoa and rubber.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

These facilities are usually run by large corporations, cover tens of square kilometres and employ a large number of people.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

The widespread cultivation of exported goods in the continent of millions starving has been criticized by numerous NGOs.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Many blame this on Japan, the EU and the United States, which strongly support their own farmers. [13].


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

For example, about half of the EU budget goes to agricultural subsidies [14].


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Subsidies lead to overproduction of cereals, cotton and milk, for example, which in turn drives down market prices for these products.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

[15] Due to low prices, farmers in Africa are able to compete with the West and Japan only with products that are not well suited for growing in the northern climate.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Rich industrialized nations also protect their land economy with high import tariffs.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

The annual growth of African agriculture has been 2.5%.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Successful inventions have been found in Africa that have been disseminated and applied, with improved food production and citizens' livelihoods.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Africans have also re-raised old historical inventions.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Of these, for example, cassava is a species that is ideally suited to sub-Saharan Africa.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

In some places, the cash harvest has been so extensive that food has been left over needs.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

This, on the other hand, has created new jobs in the processing and transport sectors.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Plant breeding has also developed in Africa, it has been able to produce new varieties resistant to diseases and pests.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

In Kenya, on the other hand, milk production has grown at an annual rate of 3% for 20 years, thanks to the large number of small dairy farmers and training and support.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Soil-saving methods include minimum soil deforming and enhanced set-aside, with nitrogen-fixing fallow plants.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Other success stories include African maize processing, small-farmer-shaped cotton farming [16], which has done well despite huge agricultural subsidies in the north [17].


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

In some African countries, governments have taken to subsidizing farmers with Western farm subsidies.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Various subsidies have been popular with which farmers receive chemical fertilizers either free or almost free of charge.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

[18] As dictated by the market, all excess acreage in Africa is used to grow crops for export.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

This worsens food security in the regions because in the event of a crisis or poor harvest season there is no excess food in storage.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Excess food in industrialized countries tends to be destroyed because it doesn't make sense to transport it over long distances to markets where not much money is moving.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Ideally, growing lucrative crops can enrich the land if not done at the expense of food production.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Mining Africa's most valuable export products are minerals as well as oil.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

These natural resources are concentrated in the territory of a few states.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

The southern states have large quantities of gold, diamonds, as well as copper.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Nigeria and its neighbours, as well as Libya, export significant quantities of oil abroad.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

The fastest growth in Africa has been precisely the economies of countries with oil or minerals.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

[19] Although mining accounts for the bulk of Africa's annual revenue, it employs only a small portion of the continent's population, some two million people.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Profits usually go to either big companies or governments.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Both have been known to spend much of this money on upper-class luxuries or big projects with non-existent benefits.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

[20] According to the United Nations, natural resources have sometimes proved to be a curse rather than a benefit to the region, [21] because, for example, Congo has a lot of minerals, but the country is still one of the poorest countries in the world.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

This is due to mineral ownership disputes dating back to the early 20th century.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

As the Congo gained independence from Belgian rule, the colonial government was reluctant to leave these natural resources to the Congolese.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Congo asked the UN for help to put pressure on Belgium, but this proved to be a poor solution.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

In its attempts to solve the problem, Congo sought help from the Soviet Union, but it led to even deeper problems for the country: the country split in two, and a long war between West and East began.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Industry Africa is the least industrialised continent; of the countries only in South Africa, industry constitutes a major sector of the economy.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Even if Africa has a lot of cheap labour, almost every natural resource on the continent is exported abroad for processing.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

[22] According to the African Development Bank AfDB, about 15% of workers are employed by industry.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

International companies, as well as their financiers, dominate most of the world's industry, require political stability before setting up an expensive factory — and such stability is rare in Africa.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Good infrastructure and reliable access to electricity are also essential for investment sites.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

For these reasons, other emerging regions of the world like India and China have been more attractive destinations for companies that have planned to build a plant or invest in local companies.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Several African states have limited foreign investment to guarantee local majority ownership, and because of the strict control of industry by governments, it has been unattractive to invest in Africa.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Moreover, in several countries, the violent robbing of land from whites has frightened Westerners from investing in Africa.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Attempts to promote local industry have foundered on a lack of money, technology and education.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

The dearth of industry outside South Africa has been the cause of e.g.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

scarcity of local markets and logistical problems associated with export of products.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Africa has the highest growth in mobile phone use in the world.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

[23] The African mobile phone market is growing almost twice as fast as the Asian market.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

[24] Banking and Investment According to Unepf, there have long been a lot of problems in banking in Africa.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

[25] Because local banks are often volatile and corrupt, governments and industry tend to rely on international banks.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

The exception is South Africa, which has a successful banking sector.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Its success has been at least contributed to by apartheid-era international economic sanctions, which resulted in British banks that dominated the market being forced to pull out of the country.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

In the years after independence, banking in most of Africa was strictly rationed by the state, with strict constraints on foreign competition.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

In recent decades, banking reform has been one of the top priorities of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, and there have also been a number of significant changes in operations.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

One of the main changes has been easier access for foreign banks to enter the market.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

[26] The most successful foreign banks to their country have been able to attract South Africa.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

[27] Attracting foreign investment to Africa has been really difficult.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Investments by foreign governments may often be driven by purposes that are not advantageous to the African economy, research suggests that much of the European Investment Bank's investments in Africa have only been benefited by Europe.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

[28] The benefits of EIB aid to developing countries mainly to Europe The International Monetary Fund and the World Bank impose stringent requirements on borrowing countries.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Even Africans are reluctant to invest at a local level: about forty percent of sub-Saharan Africa's savings are invested in other markets.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Factors affecting the economy There has been plenty of debate about the causes of poverty in Africa.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Disagreements between tribes, unrest, widespread corruption, and despotic governments can at the same time be both causes and consequences for ongoing economic problems.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Geography The terrain of Africa is difficult for commerce because, apart from the easternmost part, central Africa is almost impenetrable rainforest, which hampers the transport of people and products.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

The Kalahari Desert isolates rich areas of South Africa from the rest of Africa, and naturally the Sahara also hampers commerce from North Africa to the south.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Although Africa has a few huge rivers such as the Nile, Niger, Congo and Sambesi with their tributaries, they do not form as efficient trade routes as, for example, European or Chinese rivers.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

In addition, several rivers have rapids and falls, so rivers should be modified to be exploited.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Humid terrains inland also make transportation difficult.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Few roads are paved, and during the rainy season several unpaved roads turn into impassable mud ponds.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Of the African countries, relatively many have no connection to the sea.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Such inland states exist more in Africa than any other continent, and also have higher population densities than, for example, the plains and steppes of North America or Asia.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Admittedly, the highlands from Zimbabwe to Ethiopia have fertile volcanic soils and a more temperate climate, but the region is hampered by the inconvenience of international trade due to the lack of a maritime link.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

In Africa, the wealth of states is fairly directly proportional to their geographical location in latitudes.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

One explanation for this is that civilization originated in the temperate zone and possibly also adapts best to right there.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

[29] Most of the Earth's population and wealth is located in the temperate zone.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Almost entirely within the temperate zone, Eurasia has been linked by many land routes throughout history, along which new ideas and inventions have spread to new regions.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Farming techniques and medicines designed for the northern climate may not work as expected in the tropics.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

[30] This theory may partly explain why South Africa in the temperate zone is by far the richest region in Africa and why the tropical regions of South America and Indonesia are poor like the rest of Africa.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

There is no tropical zone country among OECD member countries, and only a handful of countries have a GDP per capita higher than the world average.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

[31] The location in the tropical zone does not directly result in poverty, but a clear link between climate and wealth can be seen worldwide.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Africa has rich natural resources, e.g.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

gold, diamonds and abundant oil reserves.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

However, due to inefficient governance, few African countries you get to benefit from their mineral resources.


Question: Who came up with the idea of a steady-state economy?

Economy of Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa has always been scarce of stone suitable for construction.