Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[28] In 2013, the deficit was 5.1%.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[3] In 2017, the national deficit had decreased and the national debt-to-GDP ratio stood at 126% [78].


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

Portugal's main trading partners include Spain, Germany, Britain and France.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

Major export products include agricultural products (food, wine, leather), wood processing products and cork, products from the petroleum and chemical industries, and clothing and footwear.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[3] The most significant natural resources are cork, iron ore, tungsten and other minerals, marble and fish.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[3] Portugal's energy consumption is around 60% on imported energy.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

Its own coal mines closed in 1994.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

The country buys natural gas from Algeria along a gas pipeline completed in 1996.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

Oil has been sought in Portuguese maritime areas for a long time, and the country has two refineries of its own, but they lie on imported raw material.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

In 2001, hydropower generated 31% of Portugal's electricity generation.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

There are no nuclear power plants in the country.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[79] In the 21st century, Portugal has invested in the use of renewable energy, especially wind and hydro, but to some extent in solar and wave energy.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[80] Traffic on the Portuguese mainland was 14313 km of roads based on 2016 statistics.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

There are 2338 kilometres of major roads, 7105 kilometres of roads supporting them and 4791 kilometres of local roads.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[81] Railways 2546 kilometers.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

Of that, more than 60% is electrified and nearly 96% is broad gauge rail.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[81] Portugal's railway infrastructure is operated by Rede Ferroviária Nacional, established in 1997.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[14] In the 1990s and 2000s, the Lisbon Metro has been extended beyond the city limits.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

The Porto Metro, on the other hand, is a partially underground express tramway system.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[14] In 2016, the Portuguese mainland region had four airports.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

In total, there were 15 airports in the country, as the Azores and Madeira each island has its own airport.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[82] Lisbon Portela Airport by far the largest of the airports, with 49,6% of air passengers and 47,0% of aircraft landings and takeoffs.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

The next largest airports were Porto and Faro airports.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[83] With very limited passenger traffic in mainland Portuguese seaports, the Azores and Madeira ports were responsible for virtually all passenger traffic.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

19.4 million passengers passed by river traffic, 82.9% of them on the Tajoki River.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[84] The volume of maritime freight is increasing, and the port of Sines was the main port, with 52.6% of the shipping goods through it.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[85] Population Demography and demographic trends In 2016, the population of Portugal was estimated to be 10309573.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[86] Most of the inhabitants of Portugal are ethnically Portuguese.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

At the end of 2016, there were 392969 foreigners living in the country, or about 3.8% of the population.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[87] Portugal is home to foreigners, especially from the country's former colonies.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[14] Brazilians are the largest group of foreigners (79569 inhabitants) and Capverdians the second largest (36193 inhabitants).


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[87] An estimated 500 to 700 Finns live permanently in Portugal and during the winter seasons the number of Finns increases considerably.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[88] Portugal's population is ageing because the fertility rate is falling and people are living longer.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

In 2016, 87126 children were born, or 8.4 births per 1,000 inhabitants (a 1.9% increase over the previous year).


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

Even if the total fertility rate did increase slightly, it is still clearly too small for the population to grow naturally.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[89] The first official census was taken in 1864, yielding a population of about 4.3 million.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

Thereafter, the population grew at an annual rate of less than 1% above this only in the 1930s and 1940s.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[90] The population declined in the 1960s as many moved out of the country to pursue work or to escape military service due to wars in the colonies.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[14] In 1974, the population showed signs of growth for the first time and in 1981 the population was estimated at 9.8 million, 1.2 million more than ten years earlier.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

Most of the population growth was due to the colonization of an estimated 500,000 to 800,000 refugees from African colonies.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

In the early 1980s, the population grew at an estimated 0.8% annual rate, then reversed to decline.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[90] The population peaked in 2009, after which the population has declined, with population growth of −0.31% in 2016.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[91] Language The majority of the Portuguese population speaks Portuguese belonging to the Romance languages, which is the official language of the country.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

Only Miranda do Douro is spoken Mirandesa (Lhéngua Mirandesa), spoken by about 5000 inhabitants.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

Mirandeesi received regionally recognized status in 1999.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[92] Religion Christianity has played a central role in Portuguese history and continues to be of great importance.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[93] According to the 2011 census, the largest religious community in Portugal is the Catholic Church, comprising 81.0% of Portuguese.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[94] However, the number of Catholics is steadily declining.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[93] Other Christians make up about 3.3% and other religions 0.6% of the population.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

Non-denominations comprise 6.8% and unstated affiliation 8.3% of the population.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[94] Health Portugal's health care system was renewed in 2002 in order to reduce costs and improve efficiency.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

It was blamed before that for a long timedoctor shortage and inefficiency.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

Portugal has both public and private hospitals.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

The charitable hospitals of Santa Casa da Misericórdia are important, especially for the elderly.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[14] The expected lifespan of the Portuguese has increased by some years during the 21st century.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

The expected lifespan for men has increased between 2000 and 2016 from 73.1 years to 77.6 years and for women from 79.8 years to 83.4 years.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[95] Education in Portugal is compulsory education for ages 6 to 18.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

Compulsory school lasting 12 years is two years longer than the average for OECD countries.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[96] In the late 1980s, the Portuguese government began to put more effort into schooling than previously thought, when surveys found that a fifth of people over the age of 15 could not read.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[14] Since then, there has been a marked increase in the proportion of literate people, since UNESCO reported that 94.5 of those aged over 15 years were able to read in 2011.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[97] The first university in Portugal was the University of Coimbra, founded in Lisbon in 1290 and relocated to Coimbra in 1537.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

In 1559 Évora was founded and in 1911 the University of Lisbon.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[14] The largest university by number of students is the University of Porto with 290000 students.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[98] In 2013, an annual estimate by Shanghai Jiao Tong University ranked the University of Lisbon between 301 and 400 and the Technical University of Lisbon between 401 and 500.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[99] Culture Portuguese culture dates back to ancient Roman culture, but it has also left its mark on it by many peoples who lived in the territory of present-day Portugal.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

The European Capital of Culture has been held three times by Portugal: in 1994 it was Lisbon, in 2001 it was Porto and in 2012 Guimarães.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[100] Literature and poetry Portuguese literature has been characterized by diverse poetry.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[101] The country's national writer is the poet Luís de Camões, who wrote Os Lusíadas, the national epic of the country in the 16th century.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[102] Poetry was for a long time more common in Portugal than prose.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

The Portuguese national epic is considered Os Lusíadas, a work written by Luís de Camões in the 16th century.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[103] The Knight Story of Amadís de Gaula's first version dates to the end of the 13th century.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[104] Portuguese literature took top influences, particularly from Castile, but Francisco de Sá de Miranda brought 1526 Renaissance influences from Italy.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

Some of the most famous writers of the Renaissance period included, among others, Gil Vicente and the chronicler Fernão Lopes.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

French style influenced from the 18th to the 19th century until the influences of Romanticism arrived in the country.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[101] The most famous of the realists is the novelist José Maria Eça de Queiroz.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[102] Fernando Pessoa was a well-known poet of the early 20th century.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

During the dictatorship of António de Oliveira Salazar, literature became scarce until it began to flourish again after the Carnation Revolution of 1974.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[14] Among contemporary writers, José Saramago was awarded the 1998 Nobel Prize in Literature.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[101] The National Library of Portugal (Biblioteca Nacional de Portugal) was founded 1796.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[105] Music Church music dominated Portuguese music for a long time, but troubadours became popular in the Middle Ages.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

Polyphonic music developed in the 15th century, and many compositions emerged during Renaissance music.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

Art music gained new popularity in the modern period, especially thanks to Luís de Freitas Branco, who made neoclassical compositions, and Joly Braga Santos who followed.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

Well-known orchestras include the Portuguese Symphony Orchestra and the Gulbenkian Orchestra.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[14] The most common genre of Portuguese folk music is fado (Finnish: “fate”), which has developed into two main stylistic trends: the Lisbon and Coimbra fado.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

The most famous fado musician is Amália Rodrigues.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[106] After his death in 1999, a three-day mourning period was held in the country.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

Among the younger fadistas in the 21st century, Mariza, Katia Guerreiro and Cristina Branco have gained popularity.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[14] Fado's lyrics and tune are generally melancholic, and is accompanied by guitars.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

Its origins are unknown, but its roots have been speculated to be in songs such as troubadours [107] or Moorish music.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[108] Political music was popular during the Portuguese dictatorship.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

The most famous of the genre's musicians was Zeca Afonso.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

Popular music diversified after the revolution in the 1970s, and by the end of the decade Portuguese rock music was very popular in the country.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[109] The most popular performers include pop band Madredeus, singer Dulce Pontes and guitarist Carlos Paredes.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[14] Architecture An example of old architecture is the Citânia de Briteiros fort in Guimarães.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

The houses were circular, and were often built of granite.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

A protective wall was built around important buildings.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

After the Romans reached the area in the 200th century BCE.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

architecture began to develop significantly and became influenced by the cultures of other Mediterranean countries.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

The Romans built aqueducts, bridges, roads, theatres, temples, arenas and other public structures in Portugal.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

Dating back to the Roman period include the ruins of Centum Cellas located on the territory of the municipality of Belmonte, for which there is no full certainty of their original use.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

The Moors built castles, temples and whitewashed houses in Portugal.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

The leading Portuguese style of architecture in the first decades of the 16th century is called manuelism, or emanuel style (estilo manuelino), according to King Emanuel I.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

In addition to traditional ingredients, it had influences from the cultures of the countries explored by discoverers such as Vasco da Gama and Pedro Álvares Cabral at the time.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

Preserved buildings representing Manuelism include the Mosteiro dos Jerónimos in Belém of Lisbon and the Monastery of Christ in Tomar.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[110] The 1755 Lisbon earthquake and subsequent tsunamis and fires destroyed many architecturally significant buildings.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

They were partially rebuilt by architects and engineers hired by Joseph I of Portugal and his Prime Minister Sebastião de Melo.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

Contemporary Portuguese architects include Álvaro Siza Vieira, Eduardo Souto de Moura and Fernando Távora.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

Siza Vieira in 1992 and Souto de Moura in 2011 won the Pritzker Prize.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[111] Figurative and decorative arts Sculpture flourished in Portugal as early as the 11th to 13th centuries on tomb monuments of famous figures.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[112] Among the earliest notable painters was Nuno Gonçalves, influenced by the 15th century.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[14] During the same century, works by Flemish artists were commissioned for Portuguese palaces and monasteries, which also influenced Portuguese fine art.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[113] Flemish art left its mark especially on religious art, among whose most notable representatives was Josefa de Óbidos.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[14] In the early 16th century, an Emanuel style influenced by architecture also developed in Portugal, represented by Vasco Fernandes, among others.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[113] Fine art experienced decadence in the 17th century and began to flourish again only in the 19th century.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[114] Well-known artists of the late 18th century included painter Domingos Sequeira and sculptor Joaquim Machado de Castron.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[14] [113] In the following century, Portuguese art was influenced especially by Paris.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[113] Naturalistic and Romantic art appeared, for example, in the works of António Silva Porto and João Marques de Oliveira.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[114] The most famous name of abstract art was Maria Helena Vieira da Silva, who worked mainly in France.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[14] Under Salazar, many artists left Portugal, such as Paula Rego, the country's most famous contemporary artist.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[114] Portuguese decorative art is known especially for its azulejo style glazed wall tiles, especially found in many buildings of the 16th and 17th centuries.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[14] Theatre and cinema Movies began to be shown in Porto in 1896.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

The country hosts twenty film festivals, including Fantasporto in Porto, IndielIsboa in Lisbon and Caminhos do Cinema Português in Coimbra.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[115] Portuguese cinema is not very well known in the world, and the only internationally known film director is Manoel de Oliveira.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[116] Actor Joaquim de Almeida has been pursuing an international career in Hollywood since.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[14] Portuguese cinematography seeks to develop and nurture the ICAM organization founded in 1975 by the government of the country (Instituto de Cinema, Audiovisual de Multimédia, “Department of Film, Audiovisual Media and Multimedia”), with the successor being ICA (the word multimedia was dropped from the name in 2007).


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[117] Theatre art has slowly survived Salazar's time, and many smaller theatres have sprung up alongside the National Theatre thanks to the support of the Ministry of Culture.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[118] The theatres have also been supported by the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[14] Food culture Portuguese dishes vary from region to region.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

Fish such as sardines are commonly used.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

Arab and Moorish cuisine has also left some influences on Portuguese cuisine, especially in the south of the country.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

Chili and garlic are widely used.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

The most common vegetables are tomatoes, cabbage and onions.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

Cheese is not part of typical Portuguese dishes, but is often eaten before or after a meal.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

Portuguese cheeses include Castelo Branco made with goat's milk and cottage cheese Saloio.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[119] Portugal is known abroad for port wines and madeira wines.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

The country also produces rosé wine from Mateu.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

A lesser known type of wine in Finland is the green wine (vinho verde) produced in the northern part of Portugal.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

In Portugal, beer and wine are allowed by law to be consumed by sixteen year olds.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[120] Among the country's major restaurant chains is Burger Ranch, which has 22 restaurants across Portugal.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

Portugal's first McDonald's chain restaurant opened in 1991.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[121] Around the world, restaurant chains specialising in Portuguese cuisine include Oporto, founded in Australia, and Nando's, founded in South Africa.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[122] World Heritage Sites in Portugal has 13 World Heritage Sites, 12 of which are cultural sites and one natural site.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

Of the destinations, 10 are located in mainland Portugal, two in the Azores and one in Madeira.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

List of World Heritage Sites of Portugal: [123] Alto Douro Wine Region (2001) Angra do Heroísmo Central (1983) Convent of Christ Nuns, Tomar (1983) Cultural Landscape of Sintra (1995) Historical Centre of Évora (1986) Historical Centre of Guimarães (2001) Porto historical centre (1996) vineyard cultural landscape of Pico Island (2004) Alcobaça Monastery (1989) Batalha Monastery (1983) Hieronymite Monastery and Belém Tower, Lisbon (1983) Prehistoric stone art sites of the Côa Valley (1998) Madeira's original laurel wood forests ( 1999) Media The most widely circulated newspaper in Portugal is Jornal de Notícias, whose circulation in 2008 was 120737.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

The second largest is Correio da Manhã, whose circulation in the same year was 110552.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[124] Portugal's Internet domain is .pt.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

In the 2000s, the number of Internet users has been growing strongly, the proportion is above the EU average and ranges from 48% to 78% in various studies.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[125] Portugal's main telephone operator is Portugal Telecom (PT), which until 1994 was also the only telephone operator in the country.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

Other operators include Vodafone and Optimus.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

Mobile phone density is among the highest in the world in Portugal, and landline subscriptions are less common than mobile phone subscriptions.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[75] Portugal's national television and radio service provider is the Rádio e Televisão de Portugal (Portuguese Radio and Television) founded 1955.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

The largest cable television company in the country is Portugal Telecom's TV Cabo.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

Through the cable network, television was viewed in 73.6% of economies in June 2004.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

Major television channels include RTP 1, RTP 2, SIC and TVI, which accounted for a total of 92.9% of viewership in 2000.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[126] Holidays Each municipality has its own feast days.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

The June festivities celebrated in honour of Antony Padua, John the Baptist and Saint Peter are popular.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

The feast of Antony of Padua is celebrated on 13 June mostly in Lisbon, John the Baptist on 24 June especially in Porto and Braga, and St. Peter on 28—29.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

June, especially in Póvoa de Varzim and Barcelos.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

National holidays are: DateFinnish nameLocal nameNotes1.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

JanuaryNew Year's Day Novotiistai, the date varies fromCalculatorCarnavalFriday, the date varies withGood Fridaysexta-Feira Santasunday, date varyEasterPáscoa25.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

AprilFreedom DayDia da LiberdadeneCelebration to mark the Yesterday Revolution (1974) .1.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

MayTappudia do TrabalhadorThursday, date varyCorpus ChristicOrpo de Deus10.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

JunePortugal-datedia de PortugueseDate derived from the date of death of Luís de Camões.15.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

AugustVirgin Marian Ascension AssunçÃo5.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

OctoberRepublic DayImplantação da RepúblicApplies in honour of the establishment of the First Portuguese Republic (1910) 1.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

NovemberdayTodos os Santos1.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

DecemberRestoration of independenceRestauração da Independênciis celebrated in honor of the independence of Portugal in 1640 under Spanish power.8.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

DecemberSin-free fetusMatulada Conceição25.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

DecemberChristmas DayAtal Sport The most popular sport in Portugal is football.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

The national team is considered to be among the best in the world, and in February 2014 the team was ranked 4th in the FIFA rankings.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[127] The biggest sporting event held in Portugal was the 2004 European Football Championships, where the country reached the final, which however lost to Greece.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[128] Among the most successful Portuguese footballers is Mozambique-born Eusébio, who was one of the top scorers in the 1960s, and the Madeira-born Cristiano Ronaldo, who was considered the best in the Real Madrid ranks in the 2000s.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[14] The Portuguese league has been dominated by SL Benfica, FC Porto and Sporting CP, winning all but two of the championships.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[128] Among individual sports, Portugal has enjoyed success, particularly in long-distance running.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

Rosa Mota has won Olympic gold in the marathon, as well as world and European titles.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

Carlos Lopes also has a marathon Olympic victory.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[14] The country has participated in the Summer Olympics since 1912, including seven times in the Winter Olympics (1952, 1988, 1992, 1994, 1998, 2006 and 2010).


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[129] In addition to Mota and Lopes, endurance runner Fernanda Ribeiro and rider Luís Mena e Silva have been promoted to two Olympic medals.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[130] [131] Cycling is also highly regarded in Portugal: in 2012 and 2013, Rui Costa, the world road cycling champion, was chosen ahead of football star Cristiano Ronaldo.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[132] The Estoril circuit hosted Formula One races between 1984 and 1996 and continues to be a major international racecourse in other classes.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[133] Other sports practiced include basketball, futsal, handball, volleyball, roller skating hockey, athletics and cycling.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

With around 70 golf courses, Portugal is one of the most popular golf travel destinations in Europe.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[134] The Portugal Masters tournament is part of the European Tour.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[135] The traditional Portuguese martial art is jogo do pau, played on sticks, which developed in the northern regions of the country.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

The species developed in rural areas was modified with urbanization.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

Its survival is promoted by the jogo de pau federation (Federação Portuguesa de Jogo do Pau).


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[136] Bullfighting is popular in Portugal, but differs from the format organised in Spain.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

In Portuguese bullfighting, there is no effort to kill the bull and usually rides a fighter dressed in 18th-century costume.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

[14] See also List of cities in Portugal, their coats of arms and city date Sources Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = St Louis, Regis| title = Portugal| location = Footscray| publisher = Lonely Planet Publications| year = 2009| id=ISBN 9781741790153| language = Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.| format = [Google Books] | accessdate = 16.12.2011}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Portugal| publisher = Lonely Planet| year = 2007| id = ISBN 978-1-74059-918-4| accessdate = 12/12/2011}} Citation with error {{cite book| author = Solsten E.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

(ed.


Question: What is the total area of Portugal?

Portugal

) | title = Portugal: A Country Study| publisher = Library of Congress| year = 1993| format = [online version] | accessdate = 1.3.2014}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Statistical Yearbook of Portugal 2016| location = Lisboa| publisher = Instituto Nacional de Estatística| year = | isbn = 978-989-25-0412-4| format = [online version] (pdf) | accessdate = 29.1.2018}} References on the topic elsewhere (in Portuguese) * Category:Key articles in screening Category:41.5 Southern Europe


Question: What does astrobiology study?

Astrobiology

Astrobiology (or exobiology) is an interdisciplinary field of research that studies the birth and evolution of life, the biochemical basis of life, the conditions of planetary communities, the possibilities of life on other celestial bodies, planets in our own solar system, exoplanets, as well as zero-gravity related biological and medical issues.


Question: What does astrobiology study?

Astrobiology

[1] Its key problems include the study of the conditions for life beyond Earth.


Question: What does astrobiology study?

Astrobiology

Astrobiology research uses methods of physics, chemistry, biochemistry, meteorology, geology, and mathematics in addition to astronomy and biology.


Question: What does astrobiology study?

Astrobiology

The only life known to humans can be found on Earth, but the scientific community has found it natural to assume that life exists at least in similar conditions elsewhere.


Question: What does astrobiology study?

Astrobiology

Therefore, astrobiological research is most commonly premised on the assumption that life elsewhere would be more or less like Earth life.


Question: What does astrobiology study?

Astrobiology

This is also based on the view that if life exists in space, the most likely place for its occurrence is on the surface of Earth-like exoplanets orbiting sunlike stars.


Question: What does astrobiology study?

Astrobiology

Within a hundred light-years radius of the Solar System, there are about 1,000 yellow stars somewhat resembling the Sun, comprising about ten percent of all stars.


Question: What does astrobiology study?

Astrobiology

Alternative Biochemies Earth's biota is composed largely of carbon compounds, and most often requires at least some degree of water to live.


Question: What does astrobiology study?

Astrobiology

Extraterrestrial life has been thought to be built on carbon chemistry different from our own or some other chemistry.


Question: What does astrobiology study?

Astrobiology

In this case, life could exist in conditions that are too hot, cold for the inhabitants of Earth, under great pressure, near vacuum or toxic conditions.


Question: What does astrobiology study?

Astrobiology

It has been conjectured that on a hot planet water could match molten sulfur, with cold liquid ammonia.


Question: What does astrobiology study?

Astrobiology

Carbon holding might have sulfur or silicon or nitrogen-phosphorus.


Question: What does astrobiology study?

Astrobiology

The problem with alternative biochemies is that proposed compounds different from water and carbon appear many times to be more unstable than carbon compounds in aqueous solution.


Question: What does astrobiology study?

Astrobiology

To some extent alternative chemistry exists in the country too, for example, so-called sulfur bacteria use sulfur instead of oxygen.


Question: What does astrobiology study?

Astrobiology

Research Today, two scientific journals focused solely on astrobiology appear.


Question: What does astrobiology study?

Astrobiology

In Finland, astrobiology was the first to be admitted to the curriculum by the University of Turku in 2001.


Question: What does astrobiology study?

Astrobiology

It is possible to complete a minor in astrobiology at the University of Turku.


Question: What does astrobiology study?

Astrobiology

Astrobiology is also lectured annually at the University of Helsinki.


Question: What does astrobiology study?

Astrobiology

Research directly related to astrobiology is carried out at least in the departments of biology and astronomy of the University of Turku.


Question: What does astrobiology study?

Astrobiology

See also Habitable zone Viable planet extraterrestrial life Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Karttunen, Hannu et al.| title = Astronomy Basics | location = Helsinki| publisher = Ursa| year = 2010| version=5. facility.


Question: What does astrobiology study?

Astrobiology

Ursa publications 119| id = ISBN 978-952-5329-82-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ward, Peter D.| title = Unknown Life: Synthesis of Foreign Life and Nasa Studies of External Life | location = Helsing| publisher = Astronomical Association Ursa| year = 2006| version = (Life as we do not know it: The NASA search for (and synthesis of) alien life, 2005.)


Question: What does astrobiology study?

Astrobiology

Translated by Arja Hokkanen.


Question: What does astrobiology study?

Astrobiology

Ursa publications 101| id = ISBN 952-5329-55-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ward, Peter D.


Question: What does astrobiology study?

Astrobiology

& Brownlee, Donald| title = Planet Earth Life and Death: A new discipline in astrobiology maps the fate of our planet| location = Helsing| publisher = Astronomical Association Ursa| year = 2003| version = (The life and death of planet Earth: How the new science of astrobiology charts the ultimate fate of ur world, 2002.)


Question: What does astrobiology study?

Astrobiology

Translated by Arja Hokkanen.


Question: What does astrobiology study?

Astrobiology

Ursa publications 88| id = ISBN 952-5329-31-3}} On the topic elsewhere.


Question: What does astrobiology study?

Astrobiology

... Ylen Living Archive. Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What does astrobiology study?

Astrobiology

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead. Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What does astrobiology study?

Astrobiology


Question: What does astrobiology study?

Astrobiology


Question: What does astrobiology study?

Astrobiology

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What does astrobiology study?

Astrobiology


Question: When did Jelena Dementjeva start playing tennis?

2006 French Open

The 2006 French Open tennis tournament was held in Paris from 28 May to 11 June 2006.


Question: When did Jelena Dementjeva start playing tennis?

2006 French Open

Both reigning champions, Rafael Nadal in men and Justine Henin-Hardenne in women, renewed their titles.


Question: When did Jelena Dementjeva start playing tennis?

2006 French Open

For the first time in tournament history, games were started on Sunday.


Question: When did Jelena Dementjeva start playing tennis?

2006 French Open

Seniors Men's Singles Main Article French Open Tennis Tournament 2006 — Men's Singles Rafael Nadal (ESP) — Roger Federer (SUI), 1-6 6-1 6-4 7-6 (7/4) Women's Singles Main Article French Open Tennis Tournament 2006 — Women's Singles Justine Henin-Hardenne (BEL) — Svetlana Kuznetsova (RUS), 6-4, 6-4 Men's Doubles Jonas Björkman (SWE)/Maks Mirny (BLR) - Bob Bryan/Mike Bryan (USA), 6-7 (5), 6-4, 7-5 Women's Doubles Lisa Raymond (USA)/Samantha Stosur (AUS) - Daniela Hantuchová (SVP) VVK)/Ai Sugiyama (JPN) 6-3 6-2 Mixed Blinder Katarina Srebotnik (SLO)/Nenad Zimonjić (SCG) - Jelena Lihovtseva (RUS)/Daniel Nestor (CAN), 6-3, 6-4 Juniors Boys' Singles Martin Klizan (SVK) - Philip Bester (CAN), 6-3, 6-1 Girls' Singles Agnieszka Radwańska (POL) - Anastasija Pavljutšššska (RUS), 6-4, 6-1 Boys' Doubles Emiliano Massa (ARG)/Kei Nishikori (JPN) - Artur Chernov/Valery Rudnev (RUS), 2-6, 6-1, 6-2 Girls' Doubles Sharon Fichman (CAN)/Anastasija Pavljutšenkova (RUS) - Agnieszka Radwańska (POL)/Caroline Wozniska Acki (DEN), 6-7 (4), 6-2, 6-1 Ranked Players Men's Singles Roger Federer (final ottleu) Rafael Nadal (champion) David Nalbandian (semi-finals, forfeit) Ivan Ljubičić (semi-finals) Andy Roddick (1st round) Nikolai Davidenko (quarterfinals) Tommy Robredo (4th round) James Blake (3rd round) Fernando González (2nd round) Round) Gastón Gaudio (4th round) Radek Štěpánek (3rd round) Mario Ančić (quarterfinals) Nicolas Kiefer (3rd round) Lleyton Hewitt (4th round) David Ferrer (3rd round) Jarkko Nieminen (1st round, forfeit) Robby Ginepri (1st round) Thomas Johansson (1st round) Round) Marcos Baghdatis (2nd round) Tomáš Berdych (4th round) Sébastien Grosjean (2nd round) Dominik Hrbatý (3rd round) Tommy Haas (3rd round) Juan Carlos Ferrero (3rd round) Gaël Monfils (4th round) José Acasuso (2nd round) Olivier Rochus (3rd round) Fernando Verdasco (2nd round) Paul-Henri Mathieu (3rd round) Carlos Moyà (3rd round) Dmitry Tursunov (3rd round) Nicolás Massú (3rd round) Women's Singles Amélie Mauresmo (4th round) Kim Clijsters (semi-finals) Nadja Petrova (1st round) Marija Šarapova (1st round) 4th round) Justine Henin-Hardenne (champion) Jelena Dementjeva (3rd round) Patty Schnyder (4th round) Svetlana Kuznetsova (final) Francesca Schiavone (4th round) Anastasija Myskina (4th round) Venus Williams (quarterfinals) Martina Hingis (quarterfinals) Anna-Lena Grönefeld (Quarterfinals) Dinara Safina (Quarterfinals) Daniela Hantuchová (4th Round) Nicole Vaidišová (Semi-Finals) Flavia Pennetta (3rd Round) Jelena Lihovtseva (1st Round) Ana Ivanović (3rd Round) Marija Kirilenko (3rd Round) Nathalie Dechy (3rd Round) ) Ai Sugiyama (2nd round) Tatiana Golovin (1st round) Katarina Srebotnik (3rd round) Marion Bartoli (2nd round) Anabel Medina Garrigues (3rd round) Anna Chakvetadze (2nd round) Lucie Šafářová (1st round) Sofia Arvidsson (2nd round) Klára Koukalová (1st round) Round) Shahar Pe'er (4th round) Gisela Dulko (4th round) On topic elsewhere, official site Category:French Open Class:2006 tennis


Question: What is a synchrotron?

Particle accelerator

A particle accelerator is a device that, by means of an electric field, accelerates and, with the help of a magnetic field, orients electrically charged particles.


Question: What is a synchrotron?

Particle accelerator

Particle accelerators exist, among other things, in the image tubes of television and X-ray tubes needed to take an X-ray in medicine, but the largest particle accelerators are devices up to tens of kilometres long for particle physics research.


Question: What is a synchrotron?

Particle accelerator

[1] [2] The simplest particle accelerator is a vacuum tube with a source of charged particles at one end, for example a cathode if the particles are electrons.


Question: What is a synchrotron?

Particle accelerator

At the other end of the tube there is then an anode of opposite character.


Question: What is a synchrotron?

Particle accelerator

A high voltage is therefore created between the ends of the tube, causing the charged electrons to aspire to the anode.


Question: What is a synchrotron?

Particle accelerator

In research use, large accelerators can be constructed in the shape of a circle, allowing the particles to circulate in a circle course.


Question: What is a synchrotron?

Particle accelerator

The best known particle accelerator to the public is probably the LHC of the Joint European Accelerator Laboratory CERN, located on the Swiss-French border.


Question: What is a synchrotron?

Particle accelerator

A cyclotron A cyclotron is a particle accelerator in which particles are accelerated approximately in a circular track.


Question: What is a synchrotron?

Particle accelerator

Simply put, at the center of the device is an electric field that accelerates the particle being studied.


Question: What is a synchrotron?

Particle accelerator

After acceleration, the particle enters a semicircular curve called the D-piece.


Question: What is a synchrotron?

Particle accelerator

In this curve, the magnetic field gives the particle a central acceleration, and the particle remains on a circular track.


Question: What is a synchrotron?

Particle accelerator

After passing through a semicircle, the particle re-enters the electric field, the direction of which has now been changed.


Question: What is a synchrotron?

Particle accelerator

Thus, the particle always accelerates as it travels from one D-piece to another.


Question: What is a synchrotron?

Particle accelerator

The energy achieved by the cyclotron is limited by relativity theoretical effects: when a particle is close to the speed of light, its velocity no longer increases steadily and the accelerating electric field enters a different phase with the particle current of the accelerating field that is the problem of the synchrotron cyclotron phasing is resolved in the synchrocyclotron, which is briefly called the synchrotron.


Question: What is a synchrotron?

Particle accelerator

In this device, the accelerating and controlling the particle beam are precisely phased to give the particles orbiting the accelerator maximum energy.


Question: What is a synchrotron?

Particle accelerator

In general, the accelerator is orbited by two beams of particles, one containing particles, the other corresponding antiparticles.


Question: What is a synchrotron?

Particle accelerator

When these particles collide in the detector unit, the entire kinetic energy is used for new reactions.


Question: What is a synchrotron?

Particle accelerator

The problem with the synchrotron is the synchrotron radiation generated when particles are subjected to accelerating motion.


Question: What is a synchrotron?

Particle accelerator

Because the motion of particles in a circular track is accelerating, they radiate some of their energy into the environment.


Question: What is a synchrotron?

Particle accelerator

This creates requirements for radiation shielding and forces to make particle accelerators large in order to achieve the lowest possible angular acceleration of the particles.


Question: What is a synchrotron?

Particle accelerator

Synchrotron radiation is also used as a source of radiation, particularly in materials and biochemistry research, as it is much more intensive than X-ray radiation from ordinary X-ray tubes.


Question: What is a synchrotron?

Particle accelerator

In addition, the wavelength band of synchrotron radiation is very wide.


Question: What is a synchrotron?

Particle accelerator

Several particle accelerators used in particle physics studies have been converted to synchrotron radiation sources as they become archaic in terms of particle physics.


Question: What is a synchrotron?

Particle accelerator

Today, synchrotrons are also built solely as sources of synchrotron radiation, such as the Joint European ESRF.


Question: What is a synchrotron?

Particle accelerator

Sources On the topic elsewhere CERN website, (in English) * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Endaument (engl.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

endowment) is a sacred delivery in circulation by Latter-day Saints performed in the temple.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The purpose of this editorial is to convey to a member of the church the higher teaching necessary to enter the immediate vicinity of God, or “exaltation”.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The English word endowment means “gift”.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

According to LDS Church teaching, the ceremony fulfills the promise made by the resurrected Jesus in the Gospel of Luke of “strength at altitude” that the Holy Spirit is to give (Luke 24:49).


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

In Finland, the delivery used to be referred to as endowment or temple consecration.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The endowment ceremony is based on the teaching of the Prophet Joseph Smith.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

An endowment ceremony similar to the current one was introduced in Nauvoo in 1845.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Subsequently, the LDS Church has edited the ceremony on several occasions.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Other Mormonist factions, on the other hand, still use the endowment ceremony of the Nauvoo period.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Brigham Young, the second president of the Mormon Church and prophet, described the endowment in his time thus: “Your endowment is that you may receive in the House of the Lord all those deliveries which are necessary to you after this life, to be able to return back to the Father, pass by as guardians standing angels, you know how to give the keywords, signs and emblems associated with the holy priesthood, and you will receive your eternal exaltation regardless of heaven and hell.”


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

(Journal of Discourses II, 31—32) The ceremony therefore conveys the knowledge and signs necessary to enter the vicinity of God.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

At the same time, it teaches participants to live this period of life as members of God's chosen people, Israel.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

During the ceremony, participants wear a temple garment reminiscent of the priests' outfits used in ancient Israel.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

This is a tangible reminder of the value of the participants as “kings and priests” of Israel.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Washing and anointing belong theologically to the endowment ceremony as its manufacturing parts.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

However, for practical reasons, they will be delivered in separate premises before the start of the endowment ceremony.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The endaument ceremony itself is a kind of audio-visual drama in which participants receive higher instruction in the creation of the world, the events of the Garden of Eden, the fall of sin, and the trek of man in a dark and dreary world to be tormented by evil.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Before the rest, the ceremony teaches the redemption work of Jesus Christ as well as man's part in God's eternal plan.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The ceremony also describes how God little by little gives man a higher teaching that allows him to return to the Heavenly Father.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

In connection with the endowment ceremony, the participants enter into covenants with God and make sacred promises to him.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

They are also conveyed metaphorical signs associated with God's plan for salvation.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Endowment delivery is considered to convey higher knowledge and at the same time make man involved in the mysteries of creation and redemption.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The drama, which begins with a depiction of the creation of the world and the fate of Adam and Eve in paradise, ends with each participant's complicity in the fate of Adam and Eve and the salvation promised to them.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The practical implementation of the endaument varies from temple to temple.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

In older temples, the ceremony was performed in several rooms.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The creation of the world was depicted in the Creation Room, the events of Eden in the Paradise Room, and life in the dark and dreary world in the World Room.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

There was also a terrestic room where higher instruction was given, as well as a celestial room depicting the elevation.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Participants passed from room to room during the endowment ceremony, and the endowment was also described as “passing through the temple”.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

In many newer temples, the entire endowment ceremony is delivered in one room, from which participants pass through the curtain to the celestial room.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

However, many believe that going from room to room is an important pedagogical element describing the course of man towards God.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

At the same time, moving from room to room brings variation in delivery.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Because of this, the newest temples have switched back to a multi-room system.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

For example, the Helsinki Temple separately has a creation room, a world room and a terrestic room.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

In the early days of the church, the endaument was carried out as a drama performed by actors, in which the audience took part at certain points.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

From the 1950s, however, the endowment ceremony performed by actors has been replaced by cinematography and recording.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Today, only two temples in Utah, the Salt Lake Temple and Manti, are used by living actors.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The course of the delivery of the endowment to the endowment includes, in addition to the endowment ceremony itself, but also the preparatory supplies of washing and lubrication.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Since 2005 these have been almost entirely symbolic.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The temple worker washes the consecrator formally by touching his forehead with water and saying that he will purify this body of “the blood and sins of this generation” and bless him with putting on his hands.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

He then anoints the consecrator metaphorically by touching his forehead with olive oil, saying that he will anoint him king and priest of Israel (queen and priestess in the case of a woman), and blessing her with laying hands.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The temple worker then reminds him of the importance of the temple skin, or garment, and instructs him to use the garment day and night.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Finally, the temple worker whispers to the consecrator this “new name”.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

In preparatory deliveries, male temple workers wash and anoint men and female women.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

After the preparatory deliveries, the consecrators wear the temple garment.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Men are oxed in a white shirt, tie, straight trousers and white shoes, women wear white full-length dresses and white shoes.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The function of white clothing is to emphasize the innocence of the washed and anointed consecrates “to the blood and sins of this generation.”


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

At the same time, uniform clothing emphasizes that no distinction is made between people in the temple based on their race, language, wealth, or anything like this.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Those dressed in white robes gather in the endowment room; if there are several rooms, in a room depicting the creation of the world.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Women sit on one side of the hall and men on the other.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Those ordaining at the beginning of the Endaument are told of the meaning of the endaument.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

They are instructed to watch the ceremony attentively.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Similarly, they are advised not to reveal the secrets of the endaument to outsiders.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The consecrators will still be offered the opportunity to leave the temple if they do not wish to take over the secrets of the endowment.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The ceremony itself begins with a description of the creation of the world.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The consecrators are shown the Heavenly Court, where Elohim, or God the Father, sends his son Jehovah, Jesus Christ, and Michael the High Angel to arrange unorganized matter and thus create the world.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

According to Mormon theology, Elohim and Jehovah are separate persons, Elohim is the Father and Jehovah is the Son.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The creation itself takes place in six-day cycles.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The description is based on 1.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

To the description of Genesis chapter 1 of the creation of the world.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

During the creation narrative, the film version shows stars and planets, volcanic eruptions and storms, and later verdant wildlife and animals.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

In the actor version, the description of the creation is exclusively oral.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

On the sixth day of creation, Elohim and Jehovah move Michael to earth and dress him in the body of man.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

He's going to be the first person, Adam.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Since it is not good for man to be alone, the gods put Adam to sleep and create him a wife, Eve.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Male consecrators are instructed to close their eyes for the duration of Eve's creation, and they call the created woman Eve, the mother of life.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Thus, the consecrators identify with the characters of Adam and Eve.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

In accordance with the Book of Genesis, Elohim and Jehovah place Adam and Eve in the paradise of Eden, which they give them as home.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

If there is a paradise room in the temple, the consecrators will move there.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

They are forbidden from touching the tree of good and evil knowledge in the middle of paradise.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

In the Endaument, however, the gods state that man has been given free will and is allowed to decide for himself.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Soon a figure dressed in a black cloak appears in paradise.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

He is Satan who has come to Eden to lure Adam and Eve into disobedience.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Adam does not fall, but Eve agrees to eat the forbidden fruit when Satan explains that God's will cannot otherwise be fulfilled.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

According to Satan, God's purpose is for man to eat forbidden fruit, because only then can he come to know good and evil, joy and sorrow, and be tried on earth.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Eve also causes Adam to eat from the fruit, explaining that God's call to reproduce and fill the earth cannot otherwise be fulfilled.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Since Eve has eaten fruit and become mortal, Adam would be destined to remain alone in paradise unless he too became mortal.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Adam and Eve recognize who has led them to be disobedient to God.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Satan replies to them mockingly that their eyes have already been opened and that they now see clearly.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The idea that Satan first bullied Adam, who did not fall, and only then Eve, is not in itself found in the Bible.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

However, there are references to the issue in Jewish scriptures, and the New Testament also refers to it indirectly.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

When Jehovah and Elohim at dusk arrive in Eden, Adam and Eve try to conceal themselves.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

They are ashamed of their nudity and wear green aprons with a fig leaf pattern.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The consecrators wear similar aprons in the endowment hall.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Elohim and Jehovah realize Adam and Eve have fallen and eaten the forbidden fruit.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

However, these blame Satan for his fall.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Satan explains that he only did on earth the same thing he has done on other worlds.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

When Jehovah and Elohim curse Satan, he explains that he is persecuting humanity with his fallen angels, as he has done in other worlds.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

He explains that he takes for himself the treasures of the land, silver and gold, equipping with them “armies and fleets, false, oppressive priests and destructive tyrants”, as well as ruling the country “with blood and terror.”


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

(Before 1990, Satan said he was tormenting people through “popes and priests”.)


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Elohim and Jehovah expel a human couple from paradise.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

However, they give man the “law of sacrifice”, that is, urge him to sacrifice to his God.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

It is explained to Adam and Eve that this is a metaphor for the future atonement sacrifice of Jesus Christ.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Similarly, they are given the “law of obedience”.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

In it, Adam and Eve promise henceforth to be obedient to God's laws.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

As the ceremony progresses, the consecrators become more clearly identified with Adam and Eve.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

One “witness couple”, or a married couple from among the consecrating, steps up to the altar to hear God's punishment and make promises to him.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The pair are explained as representing Adam and Eve at the altar.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

All consecrators swear their right hand to raise obedience to God and sacrifice all they can for the kingdom of God.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Before 1990, men swore obedience to God's law and women to their husbands to the law.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Nowadays, both swear obedience to God's law.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Until January 2019, women promise to follow their man, as this one follows Christ.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Today, the design has been removed.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Adam and Eve also receive the insignia, the first hallmark of Aaron's priesthood.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

It's a certain kind of handshake by which God's emissaries can be recognized in the world.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

They are sworn to keep this sign secret and sacred.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

They also receive a gesture associated with the sign, which is made by raising the right hand to a horizontal angle.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

They are told that the name of this brand is the new name given to them during their manufacturing deliveries.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Until 1990, this and the next two characters were also accompanied by a special penalty gesture, which was said to describe the punishment that can follow for handing over a secret sign.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

In the context of this sign, the punishment gesture was a figurative, thumb cut from ear to ear that depicted cutting open the throat.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

A penalty gesture related to the next sign described ripping the heart out of the chest and cutting open the third abdomen.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Within the current endowment delivery, these punishment gestures are no longer covered.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Adam and Eve then move into the “dark and dreary world”, that is, our world.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

If there is such a room in the temple, the consecrators will move there.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Adam is seen at the altar praying to God.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

However, he is answered by Satan, who explains that he is “the god of this world”.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

He tells us that he preaches as doctrines the philosophies of people mixed with scripture.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

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(Until 1990, there was a man dressed as a Protestant priest who was hired by a preacher to convert Adam to his religion.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The priest preached to the man a kind of version of the Nicaean creed, as well as talking about eternal punishment in hell.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Adam, however, did not believe the priest's sermon.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Today, the character is no longer performed at the ceremony.)


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Meanwhile, Elohim asks Jehovah to send his messenger to Adam.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

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Jehovah sends Peter, James and John, the three apostles.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

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These save Adam from the clutches of Satan's false doctrines.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

They expel Satan, but before they leave, Satan turns to those who are yet to be consecrated and says they will fall under his power unless they keep all the covenants and promises they made at the temple altars.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Adam identifies men as true messengers of God through the first hallmark of Aaron's priesthood.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The film version ends here, with the remainder of the endaument coming from an audiotape.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Peter gives the consecrators a “higher law” (until 2019 the “Gospel Law”).


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

This describes in the temple ordinance the transition from Old Testament time to the time of the Gospel.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The consecrators promise to keep all the gospel deliveries and avoid malice, loud laughter, and to speak ill of the “anointed of the Lord”.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

They also promise not to use the name of the Lord in vain and to live a chaste life anyway.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Peter gives them the second hallmark of Aaron's priesthood, a handshake similar to the first sign.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The gesture associated with the sign is made by extending the right hand straight forward while holding the palm in the shape of a water cup, as well as lifting the left hand up at a horizontal angle.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The name of this character is each consecrating's own given name.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

After receiving instructions from Elohim, Peter teaches the ordained the use of the cloak of the Melchizedek priesthood, which is done by putting on the robe on the right shoulder.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Peter then leads them into the terrestic room (if there is one in the temple).


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

In the terrest room, those ordained are given a “law of chastity”.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The wedded pledge not to engage in sexual intercourse with anyone other than their own spouses.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Until 1990, men separately promised that they would engage in sexual intercourse only with their married wife, and women only with their ordained husband.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Nowadays weds collectively promise not to engage in sexual intercourse with anyone other than their “husband or wife”.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Thus, the authors of the Endaument have - certainly inadvertently - guaranteed that homosexual unions will also be covered by the law of chastity, should they ever come to pass.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Peter gives those ordained the first emblem of the Melchizedek priesthood, or “the mark of the nail”.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

This is done so that the recipient of the sign extends the palm of his right hand horizontally, fingers connected together and thumb up, and the sign-giver squeezes the middle of the palm with his thumb and forefinger, as if a nail was struck through the palm.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The gesture associated with the sign is made by extending the left hand forward, with the palm flexed in the shape of a water cup, and extending the right hand forward with the palm towards the ground.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The name of the sign is “Son”, in memory of the crucified Son of God.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Those ordained are given the “Law of Consecration”, which means that they are willing to sacrifice their time and property to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, to promote the kingdom of God on earth, as well as for the consolidation of Zion.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Unlike other laws enacted in the temple, which those ordained pledging by oath to “obey and revere”, the law of sanctification they promise only to “accept”.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The obvious explanation is that the law of sanctification mentioned in the Doctrine and Covenants, which means holding the property of saints in common, is no longer enforced in the Church.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Peter gives the ordained still the second hallmark of the Melchizedek priesthood, also known by the names “patriarchal grip” and “the sure sign of the nail”.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The patriarchal grip is done in such a way that the sign-giver and recipient shake hands with each other with their right hand, wrapping their little fingers interspersed and pressing with their index finger the other's wrist.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The sign is accompanied by a Mormonist story that when Jesus was crucified, nails struck through the palms tore apart the palms, after which Jesus was crucified again through the wrists.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The historical fact is that in the crucifixion, nails were struck through the wrists because the nails struck through the palms would not have withstood the weight of the crucifixion.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The gesture associated with the sign is made by raising the arms above your head, lowering them slowly and uttering at the same time three times “Lord, hear the words of my lips.”


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Until 1990, these words belonged to “pay lay ale”, which, according to Joseph Smith's explanation, was authentic Adam language.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

With these words, Adam calls upon God in the endaument after being expelled from paradise.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

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The name associated with the character is promised to be revealed later.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Those ordained are also taught the “proper order of prayer”.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

This is accomplished by having a few married couples step around the altar of the terrestic room, after which they go through the taught hallmarks and gestures of the priesthood and then form a circle by shaking hands with each other with a patriarchal grip.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

A temple worker left in the centre of the district, representing Peter, kneels at the altar and holds a free prayer.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

This is the only part of the endaument where the temple worker speaks for himself, the other voices coming from the audiotape.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The content of prayer is free, but it is generally customary to pray for the church and its leaders, as well as to ask the youth of the church for strength and resilience in temptations.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Also important is intercession on behalf of the sick and old relatives and friends of the consecrated.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

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The ordained persons are allowed to give their intercession subject before delivery, prayers may also be given for those who do not belong to the church.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Until the 1970s, such prayer circles could also be held outside temples, but today this is no longer considered acceptable.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The consecrators are then presented with the curtain of the temple through which the consecrators come to pass from the terrest room to the celestial room.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The symbolism of the signs on the curtain is explained to them; the signs are the same ones embroidered on the garment as well.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

According to the explanation given by Church President David O. McKay in 1936, the rectangle reflects the integrity and directness of the saints, the compass again reminds them that they should keep eternal life as a bright goal in their minds and walk towards it, keeping holy covenants and vows.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The mark of the navel is a reminder of the importance of temporal and spiritual nourishment, and the sign of the knee that in the last days “every knee must sag before Jesus and recognize him as the Lord” (Philip 2:10 —11).


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

In practice, curtain signs also serve as openings through which the ordaining and the temple worker behind the curtain communicate with each other.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The course of the ceremony by the curtain is also explained to the consecrators.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Until 1990 there was also a special lecture at the curtain, where the lecturer went through the various stages of the endowment ceremony and told them of their significance.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Today, all that remains of this is a note that underlines the great value of the endowment ceremony.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

After that, the consecrators step up to the curtain in order.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Each consecrator is assisted by a temple worker who, if necessary, assists the consecrator.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The temple worker behind the curtain goes through the two hallmarks of Aaron's priesthood and two Melchizedek priesthood taught during the endowment ceremony and asks for their names.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

This reflects, in a symbolic way, how cherubs after death ask the departed these marks before reaching their “exaltation.”


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The ceremony at the curtain therefore reflects death and the state thereafter.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

After the temple worker entered the second hallmark of the Melchizedek priesthood, the ordained one says that he does not know the name of the sign because it has not been taught to him.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

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He has come to receive instruction from the Lord.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

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The temple worker behind the curtain now whispers to the consecrator this name.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Until 1990, this was during the “five points of friendship”, that is, a kind of ritual embrace.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

These five points were the inside of the right leg against the inside of the other right leg, the knee against the knee, the chest against the chest, the hand against the back, and the mouth against the ear (to make the name of the character easy to whisper).


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

All temple workers behind the curtain are male, while those ordained include both men and women.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

In the 19th century, the ritual embrace between a man and a woman was certainly unheard-of daring, and even in modern times many women probably have experienced it as an embarrassment.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

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Since 1990, the name of the character is given only so that the giver and recipient hold their left hand on the right shoulder of the other.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

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The name of the sign itself is more of a blessing excitement than a name in the traditional sense of the word.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

It reads “Health in the navel, core in bones, strength in loins and muscles, may the power of the priesthood be upon me and upon my offspring for this time and all eternity”.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

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It is usually customary for the husband to first perform the rituals himself at the curtain and then call his wife through the curtain, asking her for signs and names.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

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Engaged couples can also proceed like this.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

During this ceremony, therefore, the man also learns his wife's “new name”, while the wife is not allowed to know her husband.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

This reflects the common idea in Mormonism that a man on the last day calls his wife to eternity.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Once the consecrator has worked out all the characters and names on the curtain, he or she is “tempted” through the curtain into the selestic room.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

This, at the same time, is the decision of the endowment ceremony.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The consecrated have now arrived figuratively in heaven and the presence of God.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The selestic room, according to this, is usually bright and spacious, as well as precious and tastefully decorated.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

It is possible for the consecrator to remain silent for a while in the room, to go through the contents of the endowment ceremony and the promises he made, and to seek God's blessing in his life.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

After silencing, the consecrators leave their own times from the celestial room and temple.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

History of Endaument Delivery The oldest part of Kirtland's 1836 endaument delivery are washing and lubrication, which are now known as manufacturing supplies.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

They were practiced in Kirtland as early as 1836, hence before the development of the endowment ceremony.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

In Kirtland, men wash their home with water and alcohol, after which they gathered at the Prophet Joseph Smith for him to be blessed and anointed.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The meeting was started by praying to God with raised hands and asking him for “strength from the height”.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Joseph Smith himself as well as his brother Hyrum were also blessed and anointed.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Several of the blessed reported receiving apparitions and special gifts of grace from the Holy Spirit, such as the gift of prophesying, speaking in tongues, and explaining languages.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The ceremony ended with a sacrament celebrated on 30 March, preceded by a mutual feet-washing.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Smith's intention was to make washing and lubricating an annual event, and they were celebrated again the following year.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Thereafter, the acceleration of the opponents' activities made it impossible to celebrate the ceremony.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

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The development of Smith's endaument theology in the early 1840s made the ceremony unnecessary.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

It evolved into the “preparatory delivery” of the endowment ceremony.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Endaument of Nauvoo during his years at Nauvoo, Smith developed the beginning of the current endowment ceremony.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

On May 3, 1842, he invited nine close associates and friends to the upstairs of the Red Brick Store, the mixed goods store he owned, in Nauvoo, and consecrated them to the secrets of the new endowment ceremony.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

He gave at the ceremony the hallmarks of the Aaron priesthood and Melchizedek priesthood, the accompanying gestures and punishments, attached to the teaching of human creation, fall, and redemption.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Similarly, he took sacred vows from his followers and swore them to remain silent about the ceremony.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Smith had also created a ceremony resembling the current one with a curtain that was performed at the curtain that he had provisionally drafted and embroidered.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

After the endowment ceremony, Smith asked his future successor Brigham Young to organize the endaument into a functioning entity.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

According to him, the ceremony was “not quite right,” although it did have all the components needed for the raise.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

In the years to come, Young would essentially shape the ceremony into an endowment ceremony similar to its current one.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The endaument was first delivered on the upper floor of the Red Brick Store, while trading continued on the ground floor.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Young painted ivy and other plants on the walls of the endaument room, as well as supplying potted plants there to create the impression of paradise.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

He drew up a curtain as well as decorating an elegant selestic room behind it.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

During the years 1842—1844, about 50 men and women were allowed to receive an endaument on the upper floor of the Red Brick Store.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

They were called the “Quorum of the Anointed”.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

In the winter of 1845—1846, endowment ceremonies began to be delivered at the then still unfinished Nauvoo Temple.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

While endowment rooms were being built and decorated on the first floor, Young had drafted temporary endowment rooms in the hall on the second floor - apparently designed for church conferences - by separating the hall into sections using canvases.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Here, too, Young drew up a paradise room decorated with houseplants and an expensive celestial room.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

After the temple was inaugurated on 30 April 1846, deliveries began to be carried out in the premises reserved for them.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

However, this became impossible after a few weeks.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The Nauvoo Temple is the only Mormon temple where endowment deliveries have been performed even before its consecration.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

In all, about 5,500 people were allowed to receive their endaument at the Nauvoo Temple before its destruction.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

After Young led the contingent of Saints he led to Utah, he began delivering endauments again.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Initially, they were supplied in the Endaument House built in Salt Lake City and, upon completion of the Temple of St. George, there as well.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Until now, the contents of the endaument had not been written, but taught orally by temple workers to younger people.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

After St. George's Temple was completed, however, Young became concerned that ceremonies to be delivered at different temples might become different, and that the content of the ceremony would begin to falter.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Thus, he commanded to write down the main part of the ceremony and ordered this written version to be normative.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

In 1877, the first deputy sendauments on behalf of the dead were delivered at St. George's Temple.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The development of the ceremony The 1893 endowment ceremony was slightly modified and unified to make delivery similar in all temples.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

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In 1919, the church's then president, Heber J. Grant, installed a committee to study shaping and renewing the endowment ceremony.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

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The committee sat from 1921 until 1927 under the direction of apostle George F. Richards.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

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Richards was also authorized to bring previously oral portions of the endaument into written form.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

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He removed the “law of revenge” that provoked the aggravation from the ceremony.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Under this law, those ordained promised by oath that they would pray and never cease to pray for God to avenge the blood of the prophets upon this nation.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Likewise, they promised to teach their descendants to pray for God's revenge on the murderers of the prophets.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The “prophets” referred to Joseph Smith and his brother Hyrum, and the nation upon which revenge was prayed was the United States.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

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This law of revenge rose from the feelings of anger that awakened after Smith's lynching and the deportation of the saints.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

By the 1920s, however, relations between the LDS Church and the United States were already on better footing.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The Committee also removed crude and aggravating language from the description of punishments, as well as greatly shortened the lecture at the curtain.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

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A special handbook was drawn up of the endowment ceremony edited by Richards's committee and submitted to the superiors of all temples.


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They were required to supply endauments according to this formula.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

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Church leaders further reshaped the endowment over the coming decades.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

In 1936, the ceremony was accompanied by explanations prepared by President McKay for the signs of the curtain and garment.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

A passage was removed from the role of a priest who was employed by Satan in which Satan agreed with the priest on an exact monetary salary.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The pay rose over the years, but the priest lamented the incessant smallness of the reward (even if he promised to do his best to convert Adam).


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Furthermore, Satan said he now teaches as doctrines of faith “the philosophies of men, mixed with the scriptures.”


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

In the past, Satan said he would draw the doctrine of his religion “from newspapers, novels, and notes of men and women, and icing them with scriptures.”


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The priest's phrase, in which he characterized Satan as “a fine gentleman and head of all the world's religions”, was also removed.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

These phrases, reminiscent of Mark Twain's cynical style, must have originated from Brigham Young and testify to his extraordinary sense of humour.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Elohim's phrase was removed from an episode describing the creation in the 1960s, in which he said of Adam: “It is not good for man to be alone, because I am not alone either.”


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

This was commonly interpreted as a reference to the teaching of Mormon theology that the Heavenly Father has a wife, a Heavenly Mother who is the mother of our spirits.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

In the 1970s, the reference that Satan's hallmarks included black skin was removed from the text.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

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The first film versions of the Endaument were completed in the 1950s.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

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Their manufacture was led by Gordon B. Hinckley, who also served on the church's presidency from 1955 until 2008.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The then President McKay had taken the initiative because Europe's first temple completed in Zollikofen, near Bern, Switzerland, required the ceremony to be completed within a short period of time in many languages.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

In 1990, the endowment ceremony underwent its biggest changes up to that point.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

This must have been influenced, at least among church members, by surveys conducted in the 1980s examining their attitudes towards the endowment.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

First, any gesture of punishment was removed from the ceremony.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Previously, those who officiated had made symbolic gestures that depicted slashing the throat, tearing the heart out of the chest and cutting open the abdomen.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

These were said to symbolize the different ways in which a person could lose his life unless he kept the hallmarks he received in the temple secret.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Instead of gestures of punishment today, the endowment ceremony only says that the Lord does not leave unpunished those who embezzle the holy signs.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Also erased from the ceremony was the priest's role as Satan's reward, as well as the reference to Satan coming to buy himself “popes and priests”.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

These references to priests from other churches were apparently universally perceived as offensive.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

From the ceremony, the curtain was removed from the “Five Points of Friendship” (engl.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

“five points of fellowship”), a ritual hug originating from Freemasonry, which many women found embarrassing.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Similarly, the presentation at the curtain was removed altogether.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The “Adam language” used in the gesture of the second hallmark of the Melchizedek priesthood was also replaced by natural languages.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Perhaps the most important change at the ceremony was still a change in the status of a woman.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Women were no longer forced to pledge obedience to their “husband's law”; instead, as equals, they swear obedience to the “law of God” with their men.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Women, though, promise to hear their husband, just as a man hears Christ.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The ceremony no longer blames a woman alone for the fall of sin.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

Similarly, earlier references to “Adam” have generally been replaced by a reference to “Adam and Eve”, which in this context must be seen as a clear reference to the equality of man and woman.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

In 2005, the washes and lubrications of manufacturing supplies became almost entirely symbolic.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

In January 2019, the wording of the ceremony was changed in a more egalitarian direction.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

In pre-deliveries, women are washed and anointed as “queens and priestesses”, having previously been washed and anointed as “queens and priestesses to her husband”.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

The current design emphasizes the independent status of women, no longer their position in the context of a man.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

In the present form, women and men both promise equally to follow Christ and be obedient to God, while in the past women promised to follow their men, as these would follow Christ.


Question: When was the first endaument performed?

Endaument

This too highlights the equal status of women and men as followers of Christ.