Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

The vital functions of cells occur in the cell mass, which is, for the most part, water.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Plants receive water with the help of roots.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

The water absorbed by the plant has only about one prom of different salts.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

The plant needs large amounts of water to obtain the necessary amount of substances, and after they get into the leaves, water becomes unnecessary.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Thus, the plant evaporates water through special air gaps (tubular plants), and also directly through the surface of the leaves with young and thin leaves.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

The proportion of evaporation that passes through plants as part of their vital functions is called transpiration.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

[12] If not enough water is available, the plant closes its air bladder.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

That's what it also does at night when contact stops.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

In arid neighborhoods, plants may resort against excessive evaporation, for example, with thick round leaves that store water well and have a small evaporation area.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

In addition, the surface of the leaves may have a thick coat of hair or wax.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Plants such as cacti in extremely dry conditions have a special metabolic system, CAM contact, which allows them to keep their air bladders open at night and closed during the day, thereby minimising evaporation.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

They store carbon dioxide at night, causing their communicating cells to become acidic.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

During the day, they contact this stored carbon dioxide under cover.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

[13] Breathing Plants produce oxygen, but also need it for their own breath.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

The process is somewhat opposite to communicating: the plant oxidizes, that is, burns the sugar from which it receives energy.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

At the same time, water and carbon dioxide are released.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Combustion is small in terms of contact, and so plants are nevertheless oxygen producers.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Since plants lack respiratory and circulatory systems, each part of the plant takes care of its own oxygen supply.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Oxygen is transmitted mainly through air gaps and pores in the bark into the plant, where it is further transported in cell intervals.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Also, the roots take oxygen from the ground, where there is usually enough of it.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Aquatic plants, on the other hand, receive oxygen only through their leaves; a special air passageway has often developed in the foliage, along which oxygen passes all the way to the roots.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Symbiosis Many plants live in symbiosis with another plant or species belonging to another group of organisms.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Perhaps the most advanced symbiosis is lichen, in which algae and fungus form as if a double organism.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

The fungus absorbs water, which is used by the algae between the mycelium and forms by contacting substances needed by the fungus.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

[14] One important symbiosis is between legumes and nitrogen bacteria.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Nitrogen bacteria penetrate the soil into the roots of the plant, forming nodules in them.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

They begin to form nitrogen compounds without nitrogen, which are generated beyond the plant's own need and spread into the mulch as fertilizer for use by other plants as well.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Legumes, on the other hand, produce carbohydrates for bacteria.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

[15] Also greysmith has a similar symbiosis.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Heather and palm plants are highly dependent on fungal mycelium that coexist with them.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Also on other plants, fungal mycelium might, for collaborative purposes, surround the plant's root, forming what is known as the so-called.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

mushroom root.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

[16] Fungal root Carnivorous plants Often living in low-nutrient swamps have developed a peculiar way of acquiring nitrogen: they trap small insects by attracting them, for example, to their sticky leaves (kihoks) or special funnel-shaped for specialized leaves (jug plant), where the insect falls.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

In the extreme, plants may actively catch insects, such as the fly trap (Dionaea muscipula).


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

[17] In the case of carnivorous plants, one can no longer speak of symbiosis.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Carnivorous plant Plants and man Man has used plants for nutrition throughout its existence.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Dating from about 8500 BC.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

date back to the first evidence of the genesis of farming culture, where at first mainly wild wheat and soon barley, pea, lentils and flax were cultivated.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

With farming, the number of people began to grow rapidly and they could stay in a certain area.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

With breeding, man has shaped crops to become more productive and sustainable.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

For human consumption, easily digestible parts of plants such as fruits and root vegetables are especially suitable.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

From wood, man has obtained materials for building houses and boats, as well as for making paper, among other things.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

From cotton and linen, he has made fabrics, hemp and sisal ropes.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Many chemical products are also processed from the plants, such as turpentine and other detergents, aromatic oils, hair dyes and other cosmetics.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

For the production of aesthetic pleasure, a person grows ornamental plants in gardens and houseplants indoors.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Plants have symbolic significance as a national flower and national tree, in some cultures trees have magical properties.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Medicinal plants have been used for millennia to treat various ailments, and also in modern medicine there has been increasing attention paid to their healing ingredients.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Intoxicants such as tobacco, marijuana and opium are also obtained from the plants.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Some plants are poisonous when eaten or through contact, the pollen of some causes allergy.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Plants are called weeds in places where they are harmful, invasive species, or alien species, can pose a threat to native flora.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

[18] [19] Wheat is one of the plants cultivated by man for consumption.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Fruit Felled trees for construction and paper making Clothes are made from cotton Garden Ornamental plant Dandelion is often considered a weed Systematic classification Even before the 1950s, all organisms were divided into plants and animals.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Plants were all those organisms that did not meet the animal's distinctive features, such as fungi and even bacteria.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

After the middle of the 20th century, the so-called five-organisms system was in place, whereby plants received their own definition, which nevertheless left many algae outside the plant kingdom into the then more defined primary organisms (Protista).


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

The definition included sprout plants, or embryophyta, which are mosses and tubular plants, characterised by stem and leaves specialised in their own functions as distinct from mixstem plants.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

As the understanding of plant pedigree history had grown by the coming of the late 20th century, the concept of plant kingdom became somewhat more expansive.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Due to the lax connection of the plant concept with the current systematics, absolutely unambiguous limits can not be imposed on the concept.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

The concept of a plant kingdom found in current parlance can mean three different taxons in practice.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

From the narrowest to the widest circumscription, these taxa are: Shoots, i.e., embryophyta plants (Embryophyta), i.e., Plantae sensu stricto.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Green plants (Viridiplantae [20], Chlorobionta or Chloroplastida [21]), comprising green algae proper (Chlorophyta) and the Streptophytina group comprising see-beard algae (Charophyta) and shoots.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

In scientific classification, this delineation is often used.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

[22] Archaeplastida, or a line of development, from which green plants, red algae (Rhodophyta) and glaucophytes (Glaucophyta) have apparently evolved from modern studies.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

It is also possible to use the term Plantae sensu lato from this taxon.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Estimates of the number of plant species on Earth vary widely.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

The figures presented by various researchers for the number of cop-seeded plants are 231413 (1974), [23] 270000 now generally accepted, 422127 (in 2001) [24] and 421968 [25].


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

In addition to this, about 24000 species of mosses are known, ferns over 12000 and bare-seed over 800.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Subcommune/groupArchClassGreen algae, ChlorophytaBeard algae, CharophytaFronds, EmbryophytaSammalet, BryophytaLiver mosses, Hepaticopsidan mosses, Anthocerotaelleaf mosses, BryopsidaliecomycoPlants, LycopodiophytaLiekoPlants, copodiopsidamamoPlants, SelaginellopsidaGrass, IsoëTopsida Fernwort, PteridophytaBranch, PsilotopsidaCartelike, SphenopsidasFern-like, PteropsidaSeed, SpermatophytaDeepseed, GymnospermaePine Palms, CycAdinaEidonBiraea, GinkgoinaeConifers, PinopSidagnetinaEcopeSeed, AngiospermaeDiocytes, MagnoliataeYxicotyle, Liliatae The table shows the indicative classification of currently living green plants.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

[26] For shoots, the categories are also marked.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

The mild-like plants have been raised from the class of ferns to their own arc, as modern understanding holds that they are not closely related to other shoots.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

[27] Seed plants are divided according to traditional view into five arcs present today (pine palms, ginkgo biloba, conifers, Gnetophyta, and coppice-seeded), but contemporary knowledge suggests that the four former groups also form a cohesive group of bare-seeded.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

[28] The collective name spore plants is used for all plants except seed plants.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

[26] Taxonomically, however, spore plants do not form their own group.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Plants can also be classified in the following way into 18 arcs: [29] Anthocerotophyta — antler moss Bacillariophyta — diatoms Bryophyta — leaf mosses Chlorophyta — green algae Cyanidiophyta Cycadophyta — pineal palms Equisetophyta Ginkgophyta Glaucophyta — glaucophytes Gnetophyta Lycopodiophyta — mild-like Magnoliophyta Marchantiophyta — Liver mosses Pinophyta Prasinophyta Psilophyta — branched Pteridophyta — fern Rhodophyta — red algae The current scientific classification no longer considers algae other than green algae as organisms belonging to the plant family, but morphologically and lifestyles their commonalities with plants are so great that all algal organisms have once been considered primitive plants on this basis.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Later, it has been established that, with the exception of green algae, other algal organisms do not fall into the line of development of plants.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

For example, brown algae, along with some other groups of algal organisms, belong to their own municipality, which, depending on the source, has been used e.g.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

designations Chromalveolata and Chromia.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

[30] Blue-green algae, or cyanobacteria, are currently considered not to belong to algae, but to bacteria.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

[31] Algae are a very diverse, developmentally completely non-uniform and initially quite artificially classified group of organisms, and the name is used today mostly for practical reasons.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

The designation today refers mostly to certain morphological characteristics or lifestyles, rather than to a specific independent group of organisms.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Multicellular algae, such as brown algae and red algae, are mixed, like some primitive actual plants, meaning that their structure has no distinguishable leaves, roots and flowers.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Algae are capable of communicating — algae account for about 90% of all contact on Earth.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Along with leafy green, algae may contain other pigments such as yellow or brown carotenoids and blue or red phycobilins, which give the algae their characteristic colour.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Also, the cellular structure of many algae resembles plants, with the exception of diatoms, whose cell wall consists of silica.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Many unicellular algae have swim lines on their cell wall, enabling them to swim in water.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

A few species that do not have a cell wall or is not rigid are additionally able to crawl in the manner of amebos.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Most algae live in sweet and salty bodies of water where they either drift detached or are attached to the bottom.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

In addition, they are ordinary inhabitants of damp places in forests.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

However, algae have also been found from snow, beneath the ice cap at sea and beneath translucent quartz boulders in the Namib Desert.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

They often form symbioses with other groups of organisms: lichens are symbiotic twin organisms of fungi and algae, and coral animals again require single-celled algae called zooxanthellae to form coral reefs.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Development The chart shows the descending and mutual kinship relationships of green plants according to some sources.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

[27] [32] [33] The exact pedigree history of mosses has so far been unclear and several variants have been presented.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Extinct taxa are marked by the †sign.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

The first to contact organisms were pre-nucleated cyanobacteria that lived about 2700 million years ago.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Many of these formed colonies, stromatolites, which still exist in areas such as the shallow coastal waters of Shark Bay in western Australia.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

According to endosymbiotic theory, algae arose when cyanobacteria formed intracellular symbiosis, endosymbiosis, with some unicellular initial organisms and evolved into chloroplasts of the algal cell.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

It is also believed that there was not just one stem form that arose this way, but endosymbiosis formed around the same time with several different species, which then evolved into brown, gold, red and green algae, among others.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

The first known authentic algae was Grypania, which appeared about 2100 million years ago.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

[34] For the next 1500 million years organisms remained in the oceans, as deadly UV rays reached the surface in the absence of the ozone layer.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Gradually, thanks to algae contact, the oxygen content in the atmosphere rose to sufficient levels to generate the ozone layer, and thus life on the ground surface became possible as well.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Nature tends to fill empty ecological compartments, and so in the Ordovician period 490—450 million years ago, plants began to migrate to land as well.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

[35] However, based on DNA dating, it is thought that the first land plants appeared clearly earlier, around 700 million years ago.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

[36] The first pioneer plants to migrate to land were advanced algae, cyanobacteria and lichens.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

From species of the Charophyta class of green algae evolved mosses, the first actual plants.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Mosses were still tied to damp places as they are poikilohydric, meaning their moisture balance is determined by the environment.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

When drought occurs, mosses also dry up, enter a hibernating state, and recover quickly as conditions become more favourable.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

[37] At the beginning of the Silurian Period around 425 million years ago, the first tubular plants emerged, the oldest known from fossil discoveries being Cooksonia, a few centimetres high, with a spore colony at the end of its leafless stems.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Much more complex in structure, Baragwanathia was almost as early a species, and had spirally arranged leaves.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Tubular plants developed a protective wax layer on their surface from drying, regulating air gaps on the undersides of the leaves, and a tree section whose tubes bring water absorbed by the roots and nutrients for use by the plant.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Tube plants were thus homoiohydric, they were able to maintain their moisture balance despite environmental fluctuations.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Competition for light prompted the development of foliage to allow plants to obtain collected solar energy more efficiently; at the same time, water intake mechanisms had to continue to evolve as evaporation increased.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

In the Devonian period 408—362 million years ago, with new evolutive developments, there was a strong abundance of tubular plants and an increase in their diversity.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Lieos and quarters appeared around this time, as did ferns, seal trees, pine palms, and Calamites and Cordaites trees.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Spore plants evolved into an intermediate form between them as well as seed plants, the now-extinct class of seed ferns Progymnospermae.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Towards the end of the season, the first lodge-like trees and bare-seeded seed plants developed.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

The oldest seed fossils are about 365 million years old, and their preforms were found at least 20 million years earlier.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

During the Coal Age 362—290 million years ago, the climate was warm, with temperature fluctuations small and the soil swampy.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Conditions were ideal for horsetail and fern trees, whose spores needed moist conditions to germinate.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

They formed the first forests.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Many other groups of plants that developed in the Devonian period also flourished.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

However, a large number of them became extinct by the end of the Paleozoic World Period as conditions became less favourable.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

During the Permian period 290—245 million years ago, the climate was cool and dry.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Continental glaciers occupied the area in the Southern Hemisphere.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

The first conifers appeared.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

The most typical species for this era were the Glossopteris seed ferns, which had spread to Gondwanamantere, which however disappeared towards the end of the season.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Their tray was filled by the bush-like, approximately four-foot-tall seed fern Dicroidium and its relatives.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

They were the most typical plants of tropical regions of the Triassic period (245—208 million years ago).


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

In the Triassic, bare-seeded conifers, pine palms, and ginkgo biloba trees also became common, forming the vast majority of forests throughout the Pangaean major continent.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Their reign — particularly pineal palms — continued until the Jura period 208—145 million years ago.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

The Cretaceous period (145—65 million years ago) saw a revolution of coppic-seeded (Magnoliophytina).


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

They coevolutionarily evolved with the insects pollinating them higher than other plants, and they rapidly occupied the area.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

By mid-season, already about 90 percent of land plants were flowering plants.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

The Eocene (56.5—35.4 million years ago) brought with it grasses, which in turn influenced the evolution of herbivorous mammals in the Oligocene (35.4—23.2 million years ago).


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

As the average global temperature decreased in the Miocene (23.2—5.2 million years ago), grasses began to displace forests, and by the beginning of the Pliocene (5.2—1.6 million years ago) deserts were already occurring.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

See also botany or botanics vegetation zone gardening plant temperature stress plants by growth habit: tree, shrub, creeper, grass, succulent plants by place of growth: overplant Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Soveri, Ulvinen, Kalliola| title = Plant| publisher = Otava| year = 1970}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = New Little Giant| publisher = WSOY| year = 1989}} CD-fact 2004.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

WSOY.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

ISBN 951-0-28676-1.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Rikkinen, Jouko: Algae, mushrooms and algae mushrooms.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

University Weight, 1999.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

ISBN 9789515703637 References on the topic elsewhere.


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

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Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead. (in French).


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

(in French).


Question: What does botanics mean?

Plants

style="background: #F99; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;” class="Table-no"|No * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Ancient philosophy refers to the philosophy practiced in ancient Greece and Rome.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Classical Greek philosophy was oriented first and foremost towards human reason, virtue, research conducted by inquiries and the search for the basics of things.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

It was based on Greek ideals, where the most important thing was the development of virtue and a good life in the Greek city-state, the polis.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

The period of ancient philosophy is often divided into periods of pre-socratic philosophy, classical Greek philosophy (above all, Socrates and Socratics, Plato, Aristotle), Hellenistic philosophy, and Roman Imperial philosophy.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Greek philosophy laid the groundwork for modern science and philosophy in many ways.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

There are clear unbroken lines running from early Greek philosophy to early Islamic philosophy, medieval philosophy, the Renaissance, the Enlightenment period, and contemporary critical sciences.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

History Pre-socratic philosophy The history of Western philosophy began in Greece in Asia Minor in the Greek settlements of the Ionian coast around the year 600 BCE.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

[1] On this first so-called. In the “pre-socratic” era, Greek philosophy was primarily a philosophy of nature — thinkers sought an “elemental” or a kind of fundamental principle (arche) from which everything has been formed, and sought to explain the natural phenomena they have observed and discover the laws that prevailed in nature.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

[2] [3] The “father” of such philosophy is often regarded as Thale.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

In addition to him, notable natural philosophers included Pythagoras, Eleans Parmenides and Zenon Elean, Heracleitus, Empedocles, Anaxagoras, and the atomists Leukippos and Democritos.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

[2] [3] Historian Diogenes Laertios has divided the genesis of Greek philosophy into two origins, Ionian and Italian philosophy.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

[4] The words' philosophy 'and' philosopher 'are considered to have originated in the Pythagorean circle.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

[5] However, pre-philosophical thought existed before this in Egypt, among others, and in Semitic and Babylonian cultures.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

In Egypt and Mesopotamia, mathematics and astrology were particularly dabbled, and Zarathustranism was influenced in Persia.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Several prominent thinkers and authors were influenced in these cultures, and many early Greek philosophers were in contact with at least some of the spirits of Egyptian and Babylonian thought.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

In addition to these, Greek thought was influenced by old Greek literature, such as Homeros and Hesiodos, and a tradition associated with the mythical singer Orpheus (Orphilism).


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

[2] [3] The pre-democratics, however, added at least one new element that distinguished their thinking from all of their predecessors.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

For the first time in history, more than just dogmatic claims about the order of the world can be found in their writings — instead, they made various rationally reasoned arguments in favor of different models of world explanation.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Thales and other natural philosophers sought to detach themselves from mythological world explanations, and instead seek to observe nature and explain its workings rationally.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

[2] [3] In addition to explaining the genesis of the world, this period also developed a reflection on more general philosophical questions.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Such questions included questions about the oneness and moneity of reality, finity and infinity, divisibility and atomicity, mutability and persistence, and problems of biases and factual human perception.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Parmenide played a great role in shaping the actual philosophical problems.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

For him, rationality meant, above all, the non-contradiction of the conclusions made.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

In his pursuit of non-contradiction, as the first philosopher, he came to a strong conflict with everyday experiences.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Parmenidee's pupil Zenon Elean continued this work, presenting a number of paradoxes that forced questioning either the logic used or the everyday experience.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Heraclitus, on the other hand, solved the problem by stating that reality itself is contradictory.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

He said everything in the world flows, while real information is only obtained from immutable things.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Classical Greek Philosophy Under the influence of Sophists and Socrates, philosophical reflection turned from natural philosophy to matters relating to people's soul lives.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

[2] The second era and heyday of the history of Greek philosophy can be considered its classical period, which lasted from Socrate to Aristotle around the years 430—320 BCE.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

During this period, Plato and Aristotle built their philosophical systems dealing with all facets of the world riddle, and developed philosophy in a predominantly idealistic direction.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Athens served as the center of philosophy of the era.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Socrates became one of the most prominent icons of Western philosophy.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

His most notable legacies to Western thought have been his use of the Socratic method of questioning, as well as questioning everything.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Socrates also taught several prominent Greek philosophers, whose founding doctrinal directions later developed into almost all the major schools of Greek philosophy.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

[2] The most prominent of Socrates' pupils was Plato.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

In Socratic terms, the word 'philosophy' acquired the meaning in which it is used today — it included the quest for wisdom, awareness, and the pursuit of critical knowledge.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

However, Socrates's thinking and action shocked several prominent figures of his day, and he was sentenced to death.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Many also ridiculed Socrates for not understanding why wisdom should be pursued for its own sake if it did not directly benefit society.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Socrates did not write anything himself, so everything that is known about him comes mostly from Plato's writings.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

By Plato's time, Greek philosophers had asked all the significant philosophical questions that have been the subject of consideration in Western philosophy since then.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Because of this, it is commonly said that the whole of Western philosophy would be nothing more than a set of fringe remarks to Plato's works.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

[6] [7] Plato founded his famous Academy around the year 385 BC.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Plato's most notable pupil was Aristotle, and the most prominent followers of the Academy at the head of Ksenocrates and Arkesilaos.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Aristotle's importance may have been even greater than Platonian.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

[7] His philosophical and natural science treatises laid the groundwork for Western science until the beginning of the Renaissance.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Especially in the Middle Ages, his works were the basis of almost all teaching besides the Bible.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Therefore, the term of several disciplines must be withdrawn from Aristotle, and several sciences may consider him, if not actual, at least as his spiritual founder and master of doctrine.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Aristotle founded the Peripatetic school of Lykeion around the year 335 BCE.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

His most notable successor was Theophrastos.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Although the thinking and works of Plato and Aristotle are linked together in many ways, they also differ considerably both in style and in the issues they deal with.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Plato wrote a number of philosophical dialogues, usually presenting Socrates as one of the debaters (the so-called Socratic dialogue).


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Although Plato's earliest dialogues mostly deal with different methods of knowledge discovery, and later dialogues on justice and practical ethics, his best-known works nevertheless presented an overall philosophical view of metaphysics, ethics, order, knowledge, and of human life.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Plato's main idea was that knowledge gained through the senses is always incomplete and impure, and that only the human soul is capable of approaching “real” knowledge.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Only the soul can have knowledge of eternal ideas, the true essences of things, of which the world we perceive is only an impure copy.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

This doctrine of ideas has clearly developed at the base of the thinking of Parmenide and Heracleitus.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Plato can be seen as both an idealist and a rationalist.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

[2] Aristotle, on the other hand, put more value on knowledge gained through the senses.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Like Plato, he did not want to distinguish the world with reason into a separate plane of existence, but considered the material world to be perceived with senses to be an authentic reality, from which real knowledge can be obtained.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

He can be considered, if not modern, at least as an empirist of his own time.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Thus Aristotle laid the foundations of what centuries later developed into the scientific method.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

The greatest importance of his extensive production lies in the diverse depiction and classification of various aspects of reality, which was based on both logical reasoning and the collection of extensive observations.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

[2] In addition to the mentioned philosophers, the philosophy of the time was significantly influenced by the school of cynics, whose founder Antisthenes was also a pupil of Socrates.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Other notable cynics included Diogenes, known as a cask dweller, as well as Krates.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

The philosophy of the school was pessimistic and naturalistic.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Antisthenes derived from Socrates the principle that the ultimate purpose of existence is virtue, not pleasure.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Knowledge was conceived purely as a practical activity, the development of virtue.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Therefore, the school abandoned scientific research and almost everything the Greeks understood by education.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Stoicism developed at the bottom of cynicism a little later.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

In addition to the cynical school, other Socratic schools included the Cyrene, Megaran, Dialectical and Elistic schools.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Hellenistic philosophy in the third era of Greek philosophy, the Hellenistic period (about the year 300 BCE.)


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

philosophy's main research focus was ethics.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Hellenistic philosophers considered it most important to present how a person can achieve happiness and a balanced life and control the emotions brought about by things outside of man himself, such as desires and fears.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Schools born and influenced in this period included Stoicism, Epicurolism, and Skepticism.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

These schools were dogged by similar ethical dilemmas and each offered their own response to detachment from emotion.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Stoicism developed to the bottom of cynicism.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

The founder of the school, Zenon Chitionite, drew much influence from Antisthene and Diogene in particular.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

The Stoics taught the achievement of peace of mind by restraining emotions and living in harmony with a reality whose events people are incapable of directly controlling.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

They believed divine providence, however, to be the refuge of men.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Epicurolism established by Epicurus is often put in opposition to Stoicism.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

In contrast to the Stoics, the Epicuroans did not believe in providence.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Epicurolism developed at the base of the materialistic atomist and thus followed the doctrines of Democritos.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

According to the Epicurans, peace of mind followed above all from avoiding pain, as well as the elimination of the gods and fear of death.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

According to them, the task of humans in a haphazard world was merely to seek pleasures and friendship, however given reasonableness.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

In practice, Epicurolism may have been very ascetic.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

The school of skeptics was divided between what was called Pyrrhonist skepticism and the academic skepticism that influenced Plato's Academy.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Skeptics denied the legitimacy of our beliefs above all, and held that we should therefore refrain from criticisms (epokhē).


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Greek philosophical skepticism originated in Pyrrhonic, but has also been seen in the background of Socrates' thinking as it appears in Plato's dialogues.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

The Academy turned to skepticism during the Arkesilaos period.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Another well-known Academy skeptic was Karneades.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Considered the founder of Pyrrhonism, Ainesidemos resigned from the Academy and felt he had restored genuine skeptical thinking.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

The most famous representative of pyrrhonism is Sekstos Empeirikos.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

[8] [9] These three main Hellenistic schools were united by the fact that they viewed happiness (eudaimonia) as consisting of attaining peace of mind (ataraxia).


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

They considered that a happy and peaceful life requires a person to have a correct understanding of reality.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

The essential difference between schools was in the perception of information.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

The Stoics and the Epicuroans were positive about the possibility of acquiring knowledge, but their perception of reality and human intellectual abilities nonetheless differed completely.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Understanding of the ultimate nature and function of the world, and living according to it, led to peace of mind, according to them.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Skeptics, on the other hand, disputed both Stoic and Epicuroists' positive perception of the acquisition of knowledge, and held that man cannot know anything.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

However, this correct understanding of reality, that is, knowledge of the impossibility of knowing, led to a similarly sought outcome, namely peace of mind.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

According to traditional interpretation, in this era the philosophical power of creation waned.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Many have seen the evolution from Thalee to Aristotle as if to constant progress, and the slow decadence of post-Aristotle development.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

[7] This is because, after Plato and Aristotle, few presented very original views on the workings of the universe for several hundred years—instead, as already stated, Western philosophy was largely built on a foundation they set well beyond the Middle Ages.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

The same is true to some extent for the sciences in general.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Exceptions are found in systematic and axiomatic natural sciences and other special sciences, for example in mathematics, geography and astronomy.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Notable naturalists of that time included, for example, the astronomers Klaudios Ptolemy, Eratosthenes and Aristarkhos, the geometrician Eucleides, the number theorist Diophantos, the physicists Archimedes and Heron, and the general genius Poseidonios.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

In the later period, various mystical tendencies influenced by oriental philosophy, such as Theosophy and Gnosticism, were also empowered, which have been considered to have rapaced the foundations laid down by philosophy which adhered to pure sense.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

The problem with estimating the era, however, is that there have been no significant surviving writings from post-Aristotle philosophers of Plotino before the 200th century.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

The best picture of the thinking of the era is given mainly by the works of Cicero, Seneca, Lucretius, Sekstos Empeirikos and Plutarchus and the quotations in them.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

[7] Imperial Philosophy In the Imperial era, the major centres of philosophy were naturally the capital of the kingdom Rome, where the most prominent Greek scholars of the time were influenced, Athens, the old capital of philosophy, and famous for its natural science research Alexandria, although it had suffered great damage in connection with the takeover of the city by the Romans.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

[10] The Romans are not generally considered to have brought a significant independent additional contribution to Greek philosophy.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

[7] Roman philosophers were content mainly to comment on the works of Greek philosophers, and to build on the foundation they set.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

The philosophy of the Romans also focused more on rhetoric, practical philosophy, and other knowledge and skills useful in state life.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

However, the Romans had a great influence in passing on Greek philosophy.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

They popularized Greek thought and developed the Latin terminology of philosophy, which has been widely used in later philosophy.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

[11] Romans were first and foremost interested in individual-centered ethics, which had played an important role already in Hellenistic philosophy.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

[12] Of the philosophical schools, the Romans particularly favoured Stoicism because it was oriented towards ethics and was eclectic in nature, allowing its adherence to menus, without the adherent having to completely abandon other views.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Epicurolism was another popular philosophical school.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

The popularity of Stoicism and Epicuroism has also been explained by the fact that during the Imperial era conditions in Rome were often troubled and the morals of the kingdom began to decay.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Stoicism and Epicurolism taught to counterbalance the preservation of peace of mind and sublime ethics.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

The most prominent Roman moralists and philosophers of life were Cicero, an eclectic in philosophy, Seneca, the stoically-minded Seneca, the philosophic emperor Marcus Aurelius and Epictetos, the Epicuroan ethical materialist Lucretius, and the “last Roman” Boëthius influenced by Plato.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Under Emperor Hadrian, the so-called Second Sophism period began, when classical sophism was imitated by giving Greek speeches on classical subjects.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

In 176, Marcus Aurelius established four professorships in the field of philosophy in Athens.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

These were professorships of Platonism, Stoicism, Aristotelism, and Epicuroism.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Thus Athens can be considered to have located a kind of philosophical “university”.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

[10] In the 21st century divide.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

The mysticism of the East began to spread to Rome.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

In this case, a Neo-Platonian doctrinal direction arose from the confluence of Greek philosophy and oriental theosophical contemplation.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Neo-Platonism interpreted Plato's teachings in a very new way and taught mystical unification with cosmic oneness.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Neo-Platonists held that perfection and happiness, seen as synonymous, could be achieved already in this life through philosophical contemplation.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

The most prominent Neo-Platonic was Plotinos, and other Neo-Platonians included Iamblikhos, Chalkidios and Simplikios, among others.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Pythagoreanism was also reborn as Neo-Pythagoreanism.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Towards the Middle Ages in Europe, the spread of Christianity across the Roman Empire marked the end of the period of Hellenistic philosophy and a direction towards medieval philosophy.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

In the early years of Christianity, the relationship between Christianity and philosophy was widely debated.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Some theologians strongly opposed philosophy and felt Christianity supplanted it, while some defended philosophy and utilized it in sharpening theological arguments.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

[13] In the early part of the Christian period, attitudes towards philosophy were more positive in the eastern parts of the Roman Empire than in the western parts, but ca.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

From the 4th century onwards, the situation was reversed.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Emperor Justinian I ordered the Athenian Philosophy School to be closed in 529.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

[13] The ban was partly based on religious reasons, but partly on Justinian's desire to eliminate Athens as a rival to Constantinople.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

[10] However, despite the attitude towards antiquity, heritage also appeared unnoticed through general education and the concepts and terminology available.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

[13] The first Christian church fathers, such as Justine the Martyr, Clemens Alexandrian, Origenes and Augustine, were full-blooded educators of ancient philosophy, and combined Platonism and Neo-Platonism with the theology of Christianity, among others.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Along with Platonism, the most significant school for the development of Christian theology was Stoicism.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

The theology also utilized concepts of Aristotelian logic.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

[14] Among others, Clemens Alexandrian was among those who took it upon himself to defend the achievements of ancient philosophy against attacks.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

He held that Christianity could never become a science nor a philosophical system without adopting the best aspects of Greek thought.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

In books I and VI of his work Stromateis he set out his views on the relations between philosophy and Christianity.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

He believed that Greek philosophy was of divine origin or stolen from the Old Testament.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Although it was not directly sent by God, it was a gift given by him and useful albeit less than Christianity.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

He considered Jews and Greeks to have gained two separate covenants — Greek wisdom contained some parts of truth, while the Christian message was the only true philosophy.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

[15] Ancient Philosophical Literature Sources of ancient philosophy Ancient philosophy is known today naturally from philosophers' own writings, but mostly through second-hand sources.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Not all philosophers even wrote anything themselves, and most of the production is known only through fragments preserved in the works of later authors.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Socrates is a philosopher specifically cited as a thinker who did not write down his philosophy himself.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Diogenes Laertios mentions as similar thinkers including Stilpon, Menedemos, Pyrrhon, Theodoros and Carneade, and Pythagoras, according to some.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

[16] The fate of the works of philosophers who published philosophical works varies depending on their school's subsequent ability to preserve the works.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Of Plato's works, all authentic and intended for publication are, in all likelihood, preserved.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Most of Aristotle's works, including his dialogue, have been lost, but the most significant part of his thinking is known thanks to his lecture notes.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Among other things, some individual works have been preserved from his pupil Theophrastos.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

The thinking of pre-Socratics before Socrates, as well as those of post-Aristotle Hellenistic philosophers, are known only as fragments of text.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

More works have survived from the Roman period.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Notable second-hand sources for ancient thought include several philosophers themselves, in dealing with the thinking of their predecessors.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Plato refers liberally to the ideas of predecessor philosophers, dealing extensively with the opinions of pre-socratics and sophists.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

His thinking often seems to be about clearer reformulation of previously stated ideas and bringing ideas together.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Plato is also known to have collected the writings of previous philosophers widely.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

The importance of Aristotle is even greater because in his writings it is easier to draw a distinction between the ideas of his predecessors and his own thoughts.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Particularly notable is the early part of his Metaphysics, in which the thinking of the preceding philosophers is discussed in chronological order.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Aristotle also begins several of his other works with a walkthrough of the ideas of predecessors.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Aristotle can be considered a source even for interpreting Plato's ideas.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

[17] Cicero gives much information in his writings about Greek philosophers and above all about the period of Hellenistic philosophy, [18] based on earlier Greek sources.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Sextos from Empeirikos notable works from this point of view are the main features of Pyrrhonism and against Mathematicians.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

During Late Antiquity, Neo-Platonians in particular wrote a lot of commentaries on the works of preceding philosophers.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

One of the most prominent commentators of that time is Simplikios.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

[17] Diogenes Laertios' Lives and Doctrines of Notable Philosophers from the 13th Century is a remarkable collection that is valuable despite its uncritical nature.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Nor is the work philosophical in spirit and the matter itself often falls beneath anecdotes of varying quality.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Yet it is the most extensive cohesive collection of works preserved from antiquity on the history of philosophy, as part of which significant fragments from several philosophers have survived.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

[17] Some new textual discoveries have been made, among others, in Egypt and in the Villa of the Papyruses at Herculaneum, where works in the possession of Philodemos the Epicurean have been found above all.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Genres and language Ancient philosophical literature was predominantly Greek, but during the time of Cicero, Lucretius and Seneca, Latin philosophical literature was also beginning to emerge more broadly.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

However, still Marcus Aurelius wrote his works for Myself in Greek.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

During Late Antiquity, the knowledge of the Greek language in the West began to decline and, among other things, Boethius took for a living the translation of Greek works into Latin available to the general public.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Ancient philosophy was presented both as treatises and other factual prose, dialogues, miniature essays, letters, aphorisms, speeches, and in poetry form.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

The ideas of pre-socratics have survived mostly as snippets formed from educational poetry and aphorisms.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Plato is known above all for his dialogues, the most illustrious of which are State, Pidot, Faidon and Faidros.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

In addition to him, several other students of Socrates wrote so-called Socratic dialogues.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Aristotle was the first to write extensive scientific treatises and from whom notes on oral lectures intended for teaching have been preserved.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

[19] Philosophical letters are known above all from Plato's texticorpus, although most of the letters placed in his name are nondescript, as well as from Cicero, Seneca, and among others.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Epicurus.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

The Hellenistic period saw the emergence of so-called diatribē-literature, consisting of folksy lectures and pakinos.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Of course, speeches were important to rhetoric, and among their authors are, above all, Cicero, Dion Khrysostomos, Aelius Aristides and Herod Atticus.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

[19] In Rome, philosophy is again found in poetry form.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Among the most notable is Lucretius' educational poem about the Universe.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Philosophy also influenced ordinary Latin poetry, as evident in places such as Vergilius, Horatius, and Ovidius.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

[18] The “family tree” of schools Diogenes Laertios has broken down the development of thought in the philosophical schools of antiquity in the following way: Ionian philosophy Italian philosophy Thales, Greek Seven WisePythagorasAnaksimandros, Anaxagoras, Arkhelaus, SocratesempedoKlesPlatonxenofanessPapposAristotelesantisthenesherakleitos (non-ital.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

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Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

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Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

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Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

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Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

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Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

9th edition.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

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Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Curnow, Trevor| title = The Philosophers of the Ancient World: an A-Z guide| location = London| publisher = Duckworth| year = 2006| id = ISBN 0715634976}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hadot, Pierre| title = What is Ancient Philosophy? | location = Tampere| publisher = So & so| year = 2010| version = (Qu'est-ce que la philosophie antique? , 1995.)


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Translated by Tapani Kilpeläinen.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

So & thus books 47| id = ISBN 978-952-5503-48-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Irwin, Terence| title = Classical Thought| location = Oxford| publisher = Oxford University Press| year = 1989| id = ISBN 0192191969}} Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Sihvola, Juha: In Science 4/2003.


Question: Why do so many philosophers come from Ancient Greece?

Ancient philosophy

Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

Aarne Alarik Orjatsalo (until 1906 Riddelin, 13 October 1883 Simo — 1 January 1941 New York) was a Finnish actress, theatre manager and director, adventurer and writer.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

He is widely regarded as the best Finnish actor of the early years of the 20th century and was attached to the National Theatre, Tampere Theatre and Tampere Työen Theatre.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

Film roles he didn't do.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

Already joining the Social Democratic Party of Finland in the year of its founding in 1903, Orjatsalo later participated in the Finnish Civil War in the Red ranks, which caused him to go into exile after the end of the war.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

From 1918 to 1919, Slavutsalo was in Viena Karelia as an officer in the Muurmann Legion assembled by the British and later emigrated via England to the United States.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

The mass amnesty of the Reds allowed Orjatsalo to return to Finland at the end of the 1920s, but due to right-wing radicalism that had risen at the same time, he was quickly forced to move back to the United States, where he spent the last years of his life.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

The slave salon was a handsome man nearly two metres tall who, in addition to his talent for acting, was known for his female adventures, among other things.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

By marriage he was in the course of his life four times.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

The Slave Salon's wide circle of friends included a large number of theatrical people and other artists, as well as prominent labour movement active and left-wing politicians of the era.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

However, due to events during the Civil War, he was hated by bourgeois circles, and the Slave Salon was no longer viewed favourably by the far-left, after his affiliation with the Muurmann Legion.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

He often provoked conflicts in his co-workers as well, but was still respected and respected among his colleagues.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

Tauno Palo, for example, described Slave Salo as a powerful artist persona, where he was particularly attracted by the human warmth that exuded from the Slave Hall.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

[1] Although Finnish theatrical history considers Orjatsalo to be one of the most significant actors of his own era, his life has not been studied very closely and, for example, no biography of Orjatsalo has been written.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

[2] His own memoirs he authored as early as the early 1920s, but the manuscript has been lost.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

Anja Vammelvuo wrote a play about Orjatsalo in the mid-1970s and premiered in 1982 at Turku City Theatre.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

Directed by Orjatsalo's grandson Jotaarkka Pennanen, the play was starring Hannu Lauri.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

[3] Life Early years Aarne Orjatsalo was born into a civil service family in Simo, Lapland in 1883.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

His father's family was from Hämeenkyrö, Satakunta.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

The slave salon's parents were chief forester Karl Alaric Riddelin (1858—1934) and Anna Aline Braxén (1859—1942).


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

The Riddelin family was relatively wealthy, men of the family having traditionally studied at the university since the 18th century.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

Aarne Orjatsalo's relatives included Finnishman Agathon Meurman, who was his father's uncle.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

[4] At a young age, Slave salo wanted to join culture and stage life instead of university, which caused bad relations with his father.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

On his mother's side, Orjatsalo was an artist, his grandmother Olivia Braxén's brother was Arthur Lundahl, an actor who died in 1879 at the Finnish Theatre, and his siblings also had other actors.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

[4] Orjatsalo spent his early childhood in the village of Paltaniemi in Kainulu [5] and attended elementary school in Kajaani and later grammar school until seventh grade in Vaasa, Tampere and Helsinki.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

[6] During his school days, he lived with his uncle Hjalmar Braxén, among others, who was known as a preacher and one of the leading figures in the Finnish free ecclesiastical movement.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

[4] Actor Kaarlo Braxén was a cousin of Slave Salo.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

[6] Acting at the National Theatre In 1901, Orjatsalo dropped out of middle school and joined the cast at the Finnish Rural Theatre in Vyborg.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

In the same year he switched to the Finnish Theatre in Helsinki, [4] where he was attached to Kaarlo Bergbom, who founded the theatre in 1872.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

[7] Orjatsalo also started attending the Finnish Theatre School, with Hemmo Kallio and Adolf Lindfors as teachers.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

[6] In the spring of 1902, the theatre changed its name to the Finnish National Theatre, and at the same time a new theatre house was completed, whose inaugural play Pohjola Wedding Orjatsalo played a prominent role from Lemminkäi.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

A year later, she won acclaim for her role performance in the play Hope of Blessing and had already managed to soar above regular line actors by the age of 20.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

[4] Slave Salo performed at the National Theatre until 1904, when he was forced to resign on suspicion of stealing his fellow actor's fur.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

However, the real reason was more likely to be the political activism of Slave salo, as he had joined the Social Democratic Party on the occasion of the 1903 Forssa party convention.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

[4] Jotaarkka Pennanen has speculated that his interest in socialism arose from discussions with his uncle Hjalmar Braxén.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

In her youth, Braxén had walked with Aurora Karamzin in the residential quarters of Helsinki's poorhouse.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

In the early years of the century, Slave Salon is known to have been acquainted with the ideas of Karl Kautsky, a leading theorist of social democracy, among others.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

Arvid Järnefelt, also known as a Tolstoic, had a great influence on the Slave Hall.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

[8] After the National Theatre in Tampere, Orjatsalo was attached to Tampere Theatre for the years 1904—1906.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

His most notable roles included the title parts in Shakespeare's plays Otello and Hamlet, for which he received praise from critics.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

Only the Coalition group Aamulehti was somewhat more reserved about Orjatsalo's role performance, although he did not deny his acting skills.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

In the spring season 1906, Orjatsalo also became director of Tampere Theatre, but was forced to resign quickly when the relationship with acting trainee Ain'Elisabet Pennase was revealed.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

[9] Later, Slave salo played the title role, among others, in Arvid Järnefelt's play Titus, which premiered in May 1910, for which he was chosen just at the writer's own request.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

[9] The music of the play, formed as an audience success, was composed by Armas Järnefelt and the orchestra was conducted by Robert Kajanus.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

[7] Around the same time, Slavesalo changed his surname to that which became known later as Riddel.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

It was prompted by the name change made by his pro-Finnish father in 1906 to Ritarsalo.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

Orjatsalo saw political symbolism in it and decided to translate his own name to better suit the labour cause.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

[4] After resigning from Tampere Theatre in 1910, Orjatsalo moved to Tampere Työen Theatre Theatre for a couple of years, attracted by director Tilda Vuoren.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

In 1912—1913 he appeared again at the National Theatre, but this time as a guest, as the Board of Trustees did not agree to hire Slave Salo as a regular cast member.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

He was also a guest at the People's Stage in 1912 and 1914 [6], organised his own theatre tours around Finland and undertook study trips to different parts of Europe with grants from the State.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

In 1913, Slave Salo performed on tour his good friend Eino Leino Leino's oblivion play Carinus, which he had written, according to the short story of the same name by Hungarian writer Mór Jókai.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

[10] After a seven-year hiatus, Orjatsalo returned to Tampere's Workers' Theatre in autumn 1917, when he took over as its new director.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

The background was apparently the transfer of Jalmari Lahdensuo, the director of the National Theatre, to Tampere Theatre; Orjatsalo felt that he had treated himself unfairly in the capital and wanted to get to Tampere to run a rival theatre.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

The autumn season of the Workers' Theatre became a success, with Orjatsalo himself playing lead roles in Hamlet and Gogol's Reviisor.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

In January 1918, he still had time to perform in the title role of Edmund Kean in the premiere of the play, until the theatre, due to the outbreak of the Civil War, closed.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

[11] Alongside his work as an actor, before the Civil War, Orjatsalo had written for a number of labour journals, such as the People's Leaf and Työmies, and edited a newspaper called Equality in Forssa between 1906 and 1907.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

[12] He also translated into Finnish the plays of numerous writers such as Leo Tolstoy and Alexandre Dumas.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

[7] Time of the Civil War Slave Salo was still able to co-founded the Workers' Stages League in December 1917 before the Civil War broke out.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

He also served as its first chairman.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

Orjatsalo joined the Tampere Red Guard immediately after the civil war broke out in January 1918.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

According to the later testimony of Väinö Tanner and Hannes Ryymä, he served in the Red Guard only in the medical department, and in addition, Orjatsalo served as a propaganda speaker for the Revolutionary Committee.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

He gave speeches and recited poems at least at events held in Tampere, Helsinki and Vyborg.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

Slave salo had already been a guest speaker on several SDP occasions before the war.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

His Civil War-era speeches have been speculated to have been written by Oskari Tokoi, as they followed his political alignments.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

On 29 March, for example, Slave Salo gave a strongly anti-German speech at the National Theatre, which was considered to have primed Tokai's plans to side with the Circum-Powers in World War I.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

[8] Slave salo also reported that during the Civil War that he visited Moscow in early April 1918 to negotiate in Moscow together with Tokai and his sister K. E. Primus-Nyman.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

[12] According to some claims, during the Battle of Tampere, Orjatsalo would have broken through the cordon formed by the Whites around the city and led a group known as the “Orjatsalo Force”.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

While on the run, he is also alleged to have murdered two farmers in Hämeenkyrö, however, Detective Central Police, despite their tenacious investigations, failed to find any evidence in the case.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

Orjatsalo probably did not even break through the cordon, but left Tampere even before the whites managed to completely blockade it.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

The Reds broke out of Tampere on 5 April, but on the same day he had demonstrably given a speech in Vyborg.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

Numerous eyewitness accounts of the escape from the slave salon have been presented, but they are not reliable.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

One of these appears, among other things, in Panu Rajala's History of Tampere Workeren Theatre in 1991, where the story told is based on a remembrance recorded forty years earlier.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

[12] In Muurmann's Legion During the final stages of the war, Slajatsalo, who had been sentenced to death from the Whites, fled Finland initially to Saint Petersburg and later met Otto Wille Kuusinen in Moscow, at whose urging he applied to the Muurmann Legion formed by the British.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

It was a unit formed mostly of Red Guards who fled across the border, which between 1918 and 1919 fought against the Germans in Petsamo and East Karelia as well as the Finns who made the so-called Viena expeditions.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

Orjatsalo did not initially join its Finnish department, but came directly under the supervision of the officers as a linguistic proficiency.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

[8] He received from British General Frederick Cuthbert Poole the rank of lieutenant [6] and the new name Alaric Arnee, which he later also used in England and North America.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

[13] On 2 August, Slavesalo was involved in the takeover of Arkhangelsk by the French and British, which according to Oskari Tokai was carried out “without firing a shot”.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

Slave salon's participation in the operation also meant that he at the same time fought the Bolsheviks.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

[8] After the takeover of Arkhangelsk, Orjatsalo assembled a 75-man strong Finnish contingent in the nearby village of Solombola, from which, in the autumn of 1918, the 7th Company of Muurmann's Legion was formed.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

It was among the best trained sections of the Legion; however, Slavesalo was quickly forced to relinquish its chiefdom, as he apparently did not get along with his men.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

He then held positions in the Legion mainly as a negotiator, where The Slave Salon was aided by his talent for acting and language skills.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

[13] Although the Finns of Muurmann's Legion fought only against the Germans and Finnish whites instead of the Bolsheviks, some of the Finnish Reds considered them traitors.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

The Finnish officers of the Legion responded to this with a proclamation printed in August 1918 urging the Finnish laborers to stay away from the struggle within Russia and to expel the German troops that had been in the country.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

The declaration was signed by Emil Elo, Kalle Hämäläinen and Vilho Halme in addition to Orjatsalo and Tokoi.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

When the Communist Party of Finland was founded in Moscow at the same time, Orjatsalo maintained a social democratic line and probably received a death sentence from the Bolsheviks as well.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

He also continued to have a death sentence imposed by the Finnish white government, which made it impossible to return to the homeland.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

Some of the crew of Muurmann's Legion, at the insistence of Great Britain and the United States, were free to return to Finland without fear of capture, but Orjatsalo was forced to go into exile in England.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

[8] English and North American years When Muurmann's Legion was disbanded in the autumn of 1919, Orjatsalo and Oskari Tokoi and Verner Lehtimäki were forced to go into exile.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

Slavesalo fled with her second spouse dentist Hellin Virkkula to England, where in March 1920 she was granted distinction for service in the British Army.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

[13] In London, Slave Salo initially worked as a chamber servant and performed as a street singer until later receiving a hamstring at London's Winter Garden theatre.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

He was involved in a musical comedy called Sally, in which the counter-actor included renowned British comedian Leslie Henson.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

The play was performed more than 300 times and Slave Salo, performed under the name Alaric Arnee, also received commendable reviews from the London press.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

However, the light comedies that made up Winter Garden's repertoire did not please him as an actor.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

In London, Slave Salon is reported to have also met Charlie Chaplin, but he himself did not believe in the film and its possibilities.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

[8] In England, Slave Salo also divorced Hellin Crochet and married British actress Alice Phillips.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

[13] The relationship between Virkkula and Slavutsalo had already broken in Soviet Russian times, and in London the situation only worsened.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

[8] Although Slave Salo managed to gain access to local social circles in England, [8] he and his spouse soon moved to Ontario, Canada and from there in 1923 on to the United States.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

He influenced, among other things, in New York City, where Orjatsalo performed mixed jobs, as well as managing a labour theatre for local Finnish emigrants.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

[13] She also appeared in her old blockbuster roles.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

The Slave Salon Hamlet was preferred by local critics to the performance of John Barrymore, who played the role at the same time.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

[8] Between 1924 and 1925, The Slave Salo performed in numerous different theatres around the country.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

[7] Return to Finland Aarne Orjatsalo began seriously planning to return to Finland in the summer of 1927, when he sent a letter to his friend Emmanuel Lamme, who was also at the head of the Workers' Display Federation.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

Slave salo expressed a willingness to return to his homeland and play a role in labour theatres.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

However, with bourgeois stage shows, he wanted nothing to do with.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

In his letter of reply, Lammi informed Orjatsalo that he would not be tried in Finland for his actions during the civil war.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

The guarantee was the assurances of several social democratic politicians, including Prime Minister Väinö Tanner.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

In addition to his weak job situation, Orjatsalo's return was influenced by his homesickness and disagreements with the American-Finnish labour movement.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

The Slave Salon was regarded by Communists in particular as a traitor because of his early activities in the Muurmann Legion.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

[14] After acquiring travel money, Orjatsalo finally returned to Finland in February 1929.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

With him he had a new spouse, Toini Aaltonen, an American-Finn 23 years younger than Orjatsalo.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

Orjatsalo, who arrived by ship via Copenhagen, was immediately arrested in the port and delivered to Helsinki for questioning by the Detective Central Police.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

Authorities had been interested in him throughout the post-Civil War period.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

Throughout the 1920s, various sightings of the slave house had been recorded, which, however, were almost all completely untrue.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

He was reported to have been seen in Helsinki Seurasaari and Shanghai, China, among others.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

The only certain information was from New York, where a Finn had come across the Slave Salo.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

After a week-long arrest period, Detective Central Police released Slave Salon.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

He was unable to be found guilty of any civil war activity that would have been beyond amnesties.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

The Slave Salon case went to trial in June and finally in November the Court of Appeal dismissed all charges.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

[14] Orjatsalo's first appearances were in mid-March 1929 at Vyborg's Työkäen Theatre and Lappeenranta Työen Stage, as Tampere Työen Theatre did not yet have a suitable play ready for him.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

[14] The slave salo performed the slaying of Elina together with Elli Tompur in the localities.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

[7] In April—May, in addition to Tampere, Orjatsalo was the main star in Antonio Moreno's play The Right Lover, performed on Koito Stage in Helsinki.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

It became a major success in both localities.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

In May, the Tampere Workeren Theatre's Reviisori was premiered in which Orjatsalo naturally played the lead role.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

On the trail of the Civil War, the nation was so divided that, for example, the bourgeois Aamulehti did not write a word about the appearances of the Slave Salon.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

The magazine only reported his arrival in Finland and even in a very negative tone.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

In return, Tampere's Workeren Teatteri withdrew its announcement from Aamulehti, followed by flyers distributed by the theatre as the only news channel in Tampere, as well as the Social Democratic People's Lehti.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

Aamulehti also published numerous audience-raising writings criticising Orjatsalo, behind which was apparently the businessman who hated him bitterly, Rafael Haarla.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

[14] Slave salo and his appearances also received harassment from the outset by right-wing circles.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

At the premiere of Real Lover, a group of youths in the audience spread sneeze powder and some foul smelling acid in the stands and during the next night's screening someone had broken into a nearby electrical cabinet and caused lights to flicker in the theatre.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

The Kansan Lahti condemned the incidents as “fascist hooliganism”, but they were offset by police as pranking young people, and the students at the Tampere Technical College who questioned did not receive any sanction.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

Tampere rector Kaarlo Tiilä considered the harassment to be Orathsalo's own fault.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

However, his performances gained huge popularity and in the summer, Orjatsalo still performed at the open air stage of Viikinsaari in Tukkijoella.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

[14] However, the following autumn, Tampere's Workeren Theatre was no longer interested in Orjatsalo.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

The background was diminishing audience numbers and in particular the fact that theatre manager Kosti Elo feared, due to the stir and harassment associated with the Slave Salon, that he would lose porvellous spectators, who were already a large number of theatrical audiences.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

In addition, the influential Rafael Haarla, who was also a prominent member of the far-right Lapua movement, was suspected of having a negative view of the theatre's city grants should Slave salo continue.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

During the 1929—1930 season, he appeared only once at the Workers' Theatre in February 1930, when the touring play The Wolf of Wall Street, written by Slave Salon, was performed.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

It was also aired in numerous localities across the country, but the show runs often failed due to harassment from the Lapuan movement.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

[14] In December 1929, Orjatsalo concluded an agreement with the Helsinki-based Sörnäinen Workers' Stage for the American Channing Pollock's play Crucified.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

The play involved Tauno Palo, who started his career, who was a boxing enthusiast, also acted as the “bodyguard” of Orjatsalo when he was harassed by right-wingers on the streets of Helsinki.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

[14] The crucifixion was a great success, which was watched by the whole of Helsinki, even though Orjatsalo was politically stigmatized.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

In the autumn of 1930, he replaced Aarne Salonen, who had transferred to Pori Teatteri, as director of the Sörnäinen Työkäen Stage.


Question: When was Aarne Orjatsalo born?

Aarne Slave Salo

The repertoire designed by Slave Salon was very ambitious and included production by George Bernard Shaw, Alexandre Dumas the Younger, Lauri Haarla and Nikolai Gogol.