Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Members of the House of Lords are elected for six-year terms, half every three years.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Of them, 96 are elected by proportional representation from a country-wide constituency, and the rest from constituencies equivalent to Japan's 47 prefectures.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

In elections to both the House of Commons and the House of Lords, therefore, two votes are cast, one for the party (proportional representation) and the other for an individual candidate.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The right to vote is for all people aged 20 and over.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Unlike the House of Commons, the House of Lords cannot be dissolved.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[12] Executive power is exercised by the Government of Japan, which may consist of up to 17 ministers and is headed by the Prime Minister.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

He is elected from among the members of parliament and is then appointed to his office by the Emperor of Japan.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The Prime Minister must enjoy the confidence of the House of Representatives


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[12] The current Prime Minister is Shinzō Abe.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The conservative Liberal Democratic Party of Japan (LDP) was in power almost continuously from 1955 until 2009 — an exception formed by a brief coalition government of opposition parties in 1993.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The most prominent opposition party was the long social-liberal Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ), which took a landslide victory in parliamentary elections in 2009, ending the LDP's long reign.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Other notable parties include the Kōmeitō, the Communist Party of Japan, and the Social Democratic Party.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[13] [14] Judiciary Historically, Japan's legal system was based on Chinese law.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

During the Edo period, it developed independently through text collections such as Kujikata osadamegak.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Since the late 19th century, the country's legal system has largely been based on European, especially French and German, legal law.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

For example, Minpō's civil law, introduced in 1896, is based on German law, which in turn was based on Roman law.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

It is still in use with alterations made after World War II.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[15] The body of Japanese law is formed by a collection of six statutes by Roppō, which includes the country's constitution.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

There are four degrees in the legal system, the highest of which is the Supreme Court.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[16] A United Nations committee has criticized Japan for its limited independence of the judiciary, the rarity of acquittal sentences and human rights abuses of detainees.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[17] For example, the daiyō kangoku system, in which a suspect can be held in a police station without charge for more than 20 days, has been criticized.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[18] Mediation is much more popular than litigation in Japan, due not only to practical problems in the functioning of the legal system, but also to cultural structures and practices such as giri.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[19] Japan is as one of the few industrialized countries in use of the death penalty, which is practically given only for murder.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

A few people a year have been executed in Japan in recent years.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

There are a number of human rights concerns regarding the treatment of those sentenced to death.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

You can have to wait years for execution and waiting cells are not allowed to move freely except for toilet visits; prisoners are forced to spend most of their time in a sitting position.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The length of meeting times with relatives and lawyers is limited to five minutes.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The sentence might be enforced at any time with a few hours' notice.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[20] [21] Foreign relations Japan maintains close economic and military ties with its main ally the United States.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Security cooperation between the two countries forms a cornerstone of Japan's foreign policy.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[22] A member of the United Nations Japan has been since 1956.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The country has been an interim member of the UN Security Council a total of 18 times, most recently in 2005-06.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Japan is also a member of the G4 group seeking permanent membership of the Security Council.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[23] As a member of the G8, APEC and ASEAN+3, as well as a participant country of East Asia Summit, Japan is active in the management of its international relations.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Japan is also the second most significant donor of development aid in the world: in 2004, the country donated 0.19 percent of its GDP to development aid.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[24] Japan has several border disputes with its neighbours: with Russia over the Southern Kuril, with South Korea over the Liancourt Islands, with China and Taiwan over the Senkaku Islands, and with China over the status of Okinotorishima.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

At the end of World War II, the Soviets occupied Manchuria, northern Korea, Sakhalin and the Kuriils, the status of the last of which is still disputed.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The current dispute over the Liancourt Islands (and) has been ongoing since the 1950s, when South Korea occupied the islands.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[25] The Senkaku Islands, in turn, lie in a potentially oil- and gas-rich area along important shipping routes.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Japan also has a dispute with North Korea over Japanese intercepted into the country and North Korea's weapons of mass destruction program.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Japan's war crimes during World War II are still chafing Japan's intervals, particularly with South Korea and China.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The Armed Forces of Japan are limited by Article 9 of the country's constitution, which denies the country the right to a declaration of war and the use of armed forces in resolving international disputes.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

However, Japan has practically had an armed force since the 1950s known as the Self-Defence Forces () and which are technically part of the country's police force.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The armed forces are administered by the Japanese Ministry of Defense and consist of the Self-Defence Land Forces (JGSDF), the Self-Defence Air Force (JASDF) and the Self-Defense Navy (JMSDF).


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The budget of Japan's armed forces is less than one percent of the country's GDP, but despite this, due to the size of the country, comparatively large, at $44.3 billion in 2005.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[26] Joining the armed forces is entirely voluntary and members of the armed forces are civilian employees by law.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

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In 2006, the active duty personnel of the armed forces numbered 239,900 people.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[27] Japan also has US bases, from which it pays US aid () about $4.5 billion a year.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[28] Since the 1992 amendment of the law, the Self-Defence Forces have participated in humanitarian missions e.g.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Cambodia, Mozambique, Iraq and Indonesia.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[29] The Japanese Government has set itself the goal of amending Article 9 of the Constitution so that the Japanese armed forces would have a more active role internationally and, for example, be able to participate more easily in peacekeeping missions abroad.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

A referendum is required for the change, which, however, under a law passed by Japan's parliament, cannot take place before 2010.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[30] Geography Consisting of more than three thousand islands, Japan is located in East Asia on the Pacific coast.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

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The country's main islands from north to south are Hokkaidō, Honshū (the main island), Shikoku and Kyūshū.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

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The Ryūkyūū Islands, which also includes Okinawa, lie south of Kyūshū, extending over a thousand kilometers, almost as far as Taiwan.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

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The total land area is 377835 square kilometres, of which approximately 75% to 80% is mountain [31] and almost equal parts are covered by forests.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[32] As much of the country's territory is unsuitable for use by settlement, agriculture or industry due to steep elevation differences, climate and landslide risk from earthquakes, low-lying coastal areas of Japan have a very high population density.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

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The country is one of the most densely populated in the world.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Japan has a total of 29,751 kilometers of coastline.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

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[33] The seas surrounding it are the Philippine Sea to the south, the Pacific to the east, the Ohotan Sea to the north, the Sea of Japan to the west and the East China Sea to the southwest.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The country lies in a volcanic and earthquake-sensitive region along the “Pacific Ring of Fire” at the confluence of three tectonic plates.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

In total, there are about 160 volcanoes in the region, a third of which are active.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[32] Japan is constantly experiencing small earthquakes and larger, destructive earthquakes several times a century.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Earthquakes often lead to tsunamis.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Severe earthquakes in recent history include the Kōbe earthquake in 1995, the Chūetsu earthquake in 2004, and the Tōhoku earthquake in 2011.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Climate Japan is mainly located in the temperate zone, and the country has four seasons and five if the rainy season is counted.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

However, due to the length and variable topography of the Japanese archipelago, the country's climate is very diverse.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

In the north, winters are long and snow can fall abundantly, while in the southernmost islands the climate is already subtropical.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

In winter, a cold, dry wind blows from Siberia into the Sea of Japan and when faced with a warm air mass from the Pacific brings heavy snowfalls to the country's west coast.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

In summer, a humid wind blowing from the Pacific Ocean brings warm air to Japan.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

In late summer and early autumn, tropical low pressures in the equatorial region generate typhoons that often bring heavy rainfall.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[34] [35] The country can be divided into six differing climatic zones: Hokkaidō: Japan's northernmost island has a cold-winter, but otherwise temperate warm-summer climate.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The winters correspond in temperature to those of the southern coast of Finland and are approximately equal in length.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

However, spring and autumn are shorter than in southern Finland, and in Hokkaidō the summer lasts up to 5—5.5 months.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The warmest month is August, when there are abundant heats, and the average daily temperature of about 20 degrees Celsius.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The average temperature for the year is between 7 and 9 degrees Celsius.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Rainfall is relatively high, and due to seasonal winds, most of the rain is received towards the end of the year and at the very beginning of the year.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

In winter, Hokkaidō always has very much snow.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

However, springs and early summers are dry.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Annual rainfall of 1000—1200 millimeters.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[37] Sea of Japan: The climate is temperate.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Winters are temperate, there are frosts only every now and then in February.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

In winter, the same seasonal wind as Hokkaidō brings abundant snowfall to the area.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Short winters correspond to Denmark or the Netherlands in average temperatures, and snow usually melts within days after it rains.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

However, summers are hot compared to Europe.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Summers are 6—7 months long, with heats diurnal between July and September.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The average heat for the year is about 10—12 degrees Celsius.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

In this area, rainfall is really abundant all year round, up to 2500 millimeters per year.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[38] Central highlands: the region has a typical inland climate with large temperature differences between night and morning and winter and summer.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Rainfall amounts are small in the valleys.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Seto Inland Sea: The mountains of the Chūgoku and Shikoku regions protect the islands of Shikoku and Kyūshō from winter cold and humid seasonal winds.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

This allows the winters to be relatively warm, almost equivalent to winter temperatures in the Mediterranean.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Summers are about 8—9 months long, and the climate is subtropical, although winters can be chilly at times.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The coldest month is January.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The average temperature for the year is around 16—17 degrees Celsius.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Annual rainfall is around 2000 millimetres and most of it is obtained during summer time along with monsoon winds, winters are slightly drier.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Heats are daily between June and September.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[39] Pacific: On the east coast of Japan, winters are dry and cool, summers hot and humid due to the monsoon.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The climate is something between temperate and subtropical depending on the region.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

In winter, temperatures move around 5 degrees during the day, zero at night.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Winters are dry, as westerly winds acting as seasonal winds do little to bring moisture across the mountain range from the west.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Summers are about 7—8 months long.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

It is hot and humid in summer, as the monsoon reaches the region.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The average temperature for the year is about 15 degrees and the annual precipitation is about 1200 millimeters.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[40] Ryūkyūs Islands: the islands have a subtropical climate.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Winters are warm and dry and summers hot and humid.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Especially during the summer monsoon, rainfall amounts are very high, and tropical cyclones, or typhoons, are common.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The average temperature for the year is about 20 degrees Celsius.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Japan's rainy season begins on Okinawa early in May and progressively moves northward until it breaks up in northern Japan before arriving in Hokkaidō in late July.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

In the Tokyo area, in the central part of Honshūn Island, the rainy season lasts about six weeks: the average start date is June 8 and the end date is 20.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

on July.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[41] Vegetation and fauna The length of the Japanese archipelago has led to a diverse vegetation and fauna like the climate.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

About 4500 native plant species live in Japan.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The large number of species has been particularly affected by large variation in temperatures and high rainfall.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The vegetation of Japan can be divided into five zones: a subtropical zone on the southernmost islands, a warm area of evergreen deciduous forests in the southern parts of the main islands, a cool area of hardwood forests in the northern part of Honshō and the south of Hokkaidō, the subalpine zone in central and northern Hokkaidō, and alpine zone in the mountainous regions of Honshūn and Hokkaidō.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The vegetation of the subtropical region has links with the species of the Malaka Peninsula, while the vegetation of the central parts of the country rather to Korea and China.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Over the course of a rich hundred years, Japan's plant variety has changed greatly not only due to urbanization, but also because of alien species introduced by humans from Europe and North America: an estimated 200—500 plant species have been introduced into the country since the Meiji period.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[34] [42] The fauna of Japan consists largely of temperate zone species that arrived from China and Korea, but also subtropical and Siberian subarctic species from Southeast Asia.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Because during its prehistory, the Japanese archipelago has been alternately separated from and alternately connected to mainland Asia, the migration history of animal species to the region is complex.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Some endemic species live in Japan, such as the Japanese macaque and the Japanese giant salamander; the Ryūkyō Islands species, in turn, includes some “living fossils” such as those found in the iriomotenk.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Despite the dense settlement, large land mammals live in the mountainous regions of Japan in relative numbers.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

They include bears, wild boars, raccoon dogs, foxes and deer, among others.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

About 600 bird species live on the territory of Japan; the country lies on a major bird migration route.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The country's rich marine species, which includes porpoises, whales and dolphins in addition to numerous species of fish and crustaceans, owes much to meeting the cold and warm ocean currents in the surrounding areas of Japan.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[34] [36] [42] Hunting Wildlife hunting is common in the forests of Japan, although several conventional hunting prey such as Serovi (Capricornis crispus), fox and pheasant are now wholly or partially tranquilized.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

However, raccoon dogs are still hunted for their fur, around 70,000 animals are hunted each year.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[43] Wild boar is also common prey.


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Japan

Japan on map Western map of Japan dating from 1707.


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Japan

Korea and Japan on a British map from 1815.


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Japan

Modern topographic universal map of Japan.


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Japan in a satellite image in May 2003.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Territorial division Japan is commonly divided into territories which, however, have no administrative significance.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The largest and most populous island, Honshū is usually divided into five or more regions, which are from north to south Tōhoku, Kantō (includes Tokyo), Chūbu (the portion of the Sea of Japan forms the Hokuriku Region and the Pacific coast Tōkai Region), Kansai (includes Osaka and Kyoto), and Chūgoku.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The other islands, Hokkaidō, Shikoku, Kyūshū and Okinawa form their own territories.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Administratively, Japan is divided into 47 prefectures for which their own governor and unicameral parliament are elected for four years at a time.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[44] There are four different types of prefectures which, however, do not differ administratively: one “metropolis” (— Tokyo), one “route” (— Hokkaidō), two urban prefectures (— Osaka and Kyoto), and 43 ordinary prefectures ().


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

These are often referred to by the term todōfuken ().


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The prefectures are further subdivided into cities () and districts ().


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Each district is divided in turn into merchant (or machi) and villages (or mura).


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Hokkaidō is an exceptional case, as it is divided between the prefectural and urban level into 14 sub-prefectures ().


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

A few other prefectures also have sub-prefectures.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Like prefectures, municipalities (major cities, towns, villages) in Japan have an elected local government (mayor and council).


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Tokyo is a special case, as the city has a separate governor-led metropolitan government and is divided into 23 enclaves administered by its own council and mayor.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[44] Also outside Tokyo, large cities are divided into segregated or sub-districts (), which, however, do not have their own local government.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

In addition, Japan has 17 major “official major cities” () with above-average power.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Japan is undergoing an administrative reorganization in which major cities, towns and villages are joined together.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The process will reduce administrative units smaller than prefectures and is hoped to cut costs for local governments.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[45] Although Japan is a unitary state, local government still enjoys comparatively much autonomy in many areas.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[44] Economy Japan is the third largest economy in the world, in terms of nominal GDP, after the United States and China, at $4.4 trillion.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[46] Measured by purchasing power-adjusted gross domestic product, the country's economy is $3.8 trillion.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[47] Significant economic sectors include banking and insurance, real estate, retail, transport and telecommunications.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Japan has a large industrial capacity: several of the world's largest and most sophisticated manufacturers of motor vehicles, electrical equipment, machinery, metals, ships, chemicals, textiles and food are active in the country.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Several leading, international technology companies and brands originate in Japan.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[33] Due to infrastructure projects in particular, the construction industry has long been one of the largest industries in the country.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

On the whole, Japan has lighter taxation than industrialized countries in general.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[48] In the Meiji Restoration, Japan abandoned the feudal social system and began rapid modernization and industrialization.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

From the beginning, the rulers of the Meiji period advocated a market economy and adopted free corporate capitalism from Britain and North America.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The change was welcomed positively by a private sector full of aggressive entrepreneurs.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[49] The rapid economic growth of Japan, which lasted from the 1960s to the 1980s, has been referred to as an “economic miracle”: in the 1960s the economy grew at around 10% a year, 5% in the 1970s and 4% in the 1980s.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

In the 1990s, Japan's bubble economic crisis led to a depression.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The state of the economy did not improve in the following decade and in 2000-2001 it was worsened by the global recession.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[33] The influence of state government began to be reduced and after 2005 the economy began to show signs of recovery.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[50] The peculiarities of the Japanese economy have traditionally been the close cooperation of manufacturers, suppliers, distributors and banks in conglomerates called keiretsu, and the guarantee of lifetime employment () in large companies.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[51] Recently, however, some of the old economic structures have begun to be abandoned in favour of greater competitiveness.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[52] Japan operates the world's largest bank, Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group, with $1.7 trillion in assets.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[53] Japan Post Bank is the world's largest savings bank with approximately $3.2 trillion worth of savings.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[54] Japan also has one of the world's largest stock exchanges, the Tokyo Stock Exchange, and several of the world's largest financial companies and banks.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

For example, many big keirets and international companies such as Sony, Sumitomo, Mitsubishi and Toyota own banks and investment companies worth billions or trillions of dollars.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

While only about 15 percent of Japan's area is suitable for farming, agricultural yields per unit area are among the largest in the world.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

On the other hand, the state strongly supports and protects the country's small agricultural sector.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[55] With regard to rice, Japan is mainly self-sufficient, but the country is forced to import more than half of the food it needs from abroad.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Japan has one of the largest fishing fleets in the world, with total catches accounting for 15% of the world's total catches.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Japan's transport infrastructure is highly developed: in 2010, the country had 961366 kilometers of paved roads, 176 airports and 26435 kilometers of railways.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[33] Air services are operated mainly by All Nippon Airways and Japan Airlines, while the railways are operated by several private companies in addition to the main operator Japan Railways.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

More than six million tourists in Japan visited in 2004, 3.6 million of whom came from other parts of Asia.


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Japan

The number of tourists has been on a constant increase.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[56] Japan's main export partners are China (19.4%), the United States (15.7%), South Korea (8.1%), Hong Kong (5.5%) and Thailand (4.4% in 2010).


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Major export products include motor vehicles, electronics, semiconductors and chemicals.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Since Japan has only extremely limited natural resources, the country imports most of the raw materials it needs from abroad.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Japan's main import partners are China (22.1%), the United States (9.9%), Australia (6.5%), Saudi Arabia (5.2%), the United Arab Emirates (4.2%), South Korea (4.1%) and Indonesia (4.1% in 2010).


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Japan imports mainly machinery and equipment, fuels, food, chemicals, textiles, as well as various raw materials.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[33] Japan is one of the world's largest oil importing countries and is almost entirely dependent on the Middle East for oil.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[58] Science and Technology Japan is one of the world's leading states in the fields of scientific research, technology, mechanical engineering and medical research.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Approximately 700,000 researchers share a $130 billion budget for research and development, the third largest in the world.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[59] Japan has played a significant role in developments such as electronics, industrial robots, optics, chemicals, semiconductors and metals.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Almost half of the world's industrial robots are in use in Japan and the country's industry is the most automated in the world.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[60] A significant number of the world's major automotive and semiconductor manufacturers originate from Japan.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Japan has significant ambitions in space exploration, such as building a base on the Moon by 2030.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[61] Japan's space agency conducts aerospace research and develops rockets and satellites.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

It has built the Kibō Research Module, which was attached to the International Space Station during 2008 and 2009.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The population of Japan is home to a total of about 127 million people.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The country has a high population density and the population is concentrated for the most part in cities especially along the Pacific coast.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

A notable feature of the population is its ethnic and linguistic homogeneity: about 98.5% of the population are Japanese.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[33] However, there are some significant minorities living in Japan, indigenous to the country being the only ones living in the north and the Ryūkyūs of the southern islands, as well as the social minority Buraculais, who did jobs considered “dirty” by others in the feudal period, like the castes of India.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Minorities who immigrated include Koreans (0.5 percent of the population), Chinese (0.4 percent) and Brazilian-Japanese who returned to Japan.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[33] The country is also home to nearly 200,000 persons from the Philippines and tens of thousands of people who have emigrated from Peru.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[62] Japanese people have one of the highest life expectancies in the world, averaging more than 82 years in 2007.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Japan's population is getting older remarkably fast.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Like other industrialized nations, since the post-World War II baby boom, birth rates have declined in the second half of the 20th century.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

In 2007, already more than 20% of the population was over 65 years of age.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[33] Changes in population structure have created a number of social and economic problems, including, in particular, a decrease in the proportion of the working age population and the increased cost of maintaining social security, such as the public pension fund.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The transition is fuelled by a shift in attitudes and lifestyles: an increasing proportion of young Japanese adults are no longer starting a family and having children like their parents.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[63] Japan's population is projected to fall to 100 million by 2050 and 67 million by 2100.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[34] Experts have proposed, for example, immigration as a solution to the population problem, but the alternative has not received support, and even now there are major problems with the adaptation of foreigners moving to Japan.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[64] Religions In Japan institutionalized religion generally does not have a particularly large impact on daily life and can be difficult to distinguish from traditional rituals or superstition.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Approximately 84% of Japanese people are both Shinthian and Buddhist.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[33] Shinthism is a polytheistic natural religion original to Japan, which served as the country's state religion from the 19th century until the end of World War II.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Buddhism arrived in Japan in the 5th century, after which it has been in a syncretistic relationship with Shinthism.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Couples might marry Shinthian, but funerals are Buddhist.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

In addition, Japanese culture has been greatly influenced by Taoism and especially Confucianism.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[34] Christianity was allowed in Japan in the 19th century, and today about 0.7% of the country's population is Christian.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[33] Since the 19th century, several new religions (shinshūkyō) have also emerged in the country, the most notable of which include the Buddhist sect Sōka Gakkai.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Muslims are still a clearly smaller religious minority than Christians.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

There are about 115,000 to 125,000 of them, of whom only about ten percent are Japanese citizens.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[65] Mosques among Muslims living in the country are numerous.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The earliest of these is the Kōben Mosque, opened in 1935.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Education An education system similar to the present, with elementary and secondary schools and universities, began operating in Japan in the 1870s as a result of the Meiji Restoration.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[66] Since 1947, compulsory education has encompassed primary and secondary school, lasting a total of nine years (ages 6 to 15).


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Almost all students continue on to a three-year high school, and 75.9% of high school graduates go on to university, business school or other tertiary institution, according to the Department of Education.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[67] There is fierce competition in Japan's education system, especially when applying for tertiary education.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Many attend additional private schools outside the actual school (juku).


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

According to the Times Higher Education newspaper, Japan's two best-performing universities are Tokyo University and Kyoto University.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[68] In the 2003 PISA study, Japan ranked sixth in mathematics, fourteenth in reading, second in science and fourth in problem solving.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[69] Culture The formation of the original Japanese culture has been influenced by the sea surrounding Japan, which has slowed the outside cultural waves.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Until the Middle Ages, Japan was decisively influenced by the cultures of China and Korea.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

In the Edo period that followed, which lasted several centuries, the country's culture matured relatively independently.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Since the 19th century, an eclectic modern culture combining Western and native features has developed in Japan.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[3] Zenbuddhism has greatly influenced many characteristic features of Japanese art, such as minimalism and spontaneity, as well as garden art, tea art, calligraphy, and ikebana, for example.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Traditional Japanese painting does not use perspective, and its most typical subjects are nature, mythology, and human depiction.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

A counterweight to the restrained art, often associated with fiction or calligraphy, forms the most famous form of Japanese painting, particularly the woodcut technique ukiyo-e, which is associated with the Edo period, whose masters included Hokusai, Hiroshige and Utamaro.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The synthesis of woodcuts and Western comics evolved into manga, a Japanese comic book that reached its current form after World War II.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The film originated in Japan at the end of the 19th century, and the first sound film was completed in 1931.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

To international acclaim, Japanese cinema rose after Akira Kurosawa's Rashomon — the Devil's Gate won the top prize at the Venice Film Festival in the early 1950s.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[3] Japanese feature film, anime, is popular and often associated with manga.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The most central material in architecture has been untreated wood.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Buildings have come to be combined with the surrounding nature.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Public architecture, such as temple architecture, has been more ornamented and Chinese-influenced than reduced residential architecture.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[3] Modern architecture, whose most prominent representatives include Kenzō Tange and Tadao Andō, combines traditional striving for simplicity with Western building technology.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Pottery has been highly valued in Japan.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Japanese pottery has often been closely associated with tea culture, whose connection is particularly known to raku pottery.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Another art form focused on use objects is the manufacture of lacquer objects (urushi).


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The most central element of traditional Japanese sculpture is Buddhist sculpture art.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Sculpture art reached its golden age in medieval times


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[3] Japanese dress remained uniform until the 19th century.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The most famous type of costume is the kimono, which is worn today alongside Western clothing.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

A notable feature of traditional Japanese clothing is the absence of buttons: clothes are tied closed with ribbons and belts.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[3] The earliest literary influences arrived in Japan from China and the country adopted a Chinese writing system.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The earliest significant works of Japanese literature are the history chronicles Kojiki and Nihonshoki and the 7th-century collection of waka poetry by Man'yōshū.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

In the Heian period, its own Japanese chicken alphabet was developed.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The earliest work of narrative literature is probably the Taketori monogatari of the early 9th century; other notable works of early literature include the Pillow Book of Sei Shōnagon depicting court life of the Heian period and the Genji story of Murasaki Shikibu, considered the world's first novel.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The mainstream of poetry was formed by chain poetry renga.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

It was succeeded by the lighter haikai, known as Matsuo Bashō from the 17th century, and the urban kyōka.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

During the Edo period, literature shifted from the pastime of the samurai upper class to becoming available to the bourgeoisie and lower social classes, and literacy and book-printing became more common.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The entertainment culture of the Edo period can be seen, for example, in kasku literature, which later developed into rakugo comics.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[3] In the Meiji period, Japanese literature modernized and began to incorporate Western elements into itself.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The first “modern” novel writers were Sōseki Natsume and Mori Ōgai, followed by Ryūnosuke Akutagawa, Jun'ichirō Tanizaki, Yasunari Kawabata, Yukio Mishima, Osamu Dazai and, more recently, Haruki Murakami.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Two Japanese writers have won the Nobel Prize in Literature: Yasunari Kawabata in 1968 and Kenzaburō Ōe in 1994.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Japanese music has often been in an integral connection with theatre.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The earliest musical influences arrived in Japan from Korea by the 40th century.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Classical gagaku music, borrowing from several different mainland Asian traditions, was born into the court.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

In turn, musical theatre nō emerged from folksy entertainment, which developed at its peak and became established during the Muromachi period.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

In between the Nō plays, humorous kyōgen plays were performed.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Bunraku puppet theatre evolved from jōruri ballads, which were previously accompanied by biwa and later shamisen.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

From these traditions, the Kabuki theatre originated in the Edo period, whose most typical accompaniment instrument is also the shamisen — in addition to the shamisen, two common traditional instruments are the shakuhachi and the koto.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Starting in the 19th century, Western music that arrived in Japan today forms an integral part of the country's culture.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Since World War II, modern European and American popular music has greatly influenced Japan: Japanese rock and pop as well as other styles of urban music such as hip hop have become increasingly popular.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[3] [70] Kitchen The basic raw material for Japanese cuisine is rice, although historically it has been more of a luxury item.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Raw materials are usually cooked as little as possible and the food is light.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Much attention is paid to the aesthetics and quality of food.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Under the influence of Buddhism, meat was hardly eaten in Japan before the Meiji period, and still fish and vegetables play a significant role in Japanese cuisine, although meat consumption has reached the consumption of fish.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[71] Seasonal dishes () are an important part of the kitchen.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Well-known Japanese fish dishes include sushi and sashimi, as well as tempura of Portuguese origin.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Meat dishes include, for example, sukiyaki, shabu-shabu, tonkatsu, and yakitori made from chicken.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Soy sauce, a substitute for salt, is used as the base seasoning; other foods made from soybeans include tofu and miso.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Japanese cuisine also uses a lot of seaweed and canned vegetables (tsukemono).


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Dashi broth forms the basis for many dishes.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The vast majority of Japanese restaurants focus on serving some special cuisine, the exception being, for example, a pub-type restaurant izakaya.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

A common fast food is Chinese origin rāmen noodle, whose Japanese equivalents include soba and udon.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

In Japanese sweets (wagashi) and desserts, tea and azuki bean paste (anko) are often used.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Food drinks include beer, which came to Japan at the end of the 19th century, and tea, which is most often green.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The most famous alcoholic beverage is sake, the stronger the drink again shōchū.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[34] [72] Sports and Games Japan's national sport has traditionally been sumo wrestling, which is still one of the most popular sports in the country.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Many martial arts such as judo, karate and kendō are also practiced and widely watched.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

After the Meiji Restoration, several Western sports began to spread to Japan.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[73] Today, the most popular sport in the country, measured by both spectator and attendance numbers, is baseball, which has been played by professional teams since the 1930s.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[34] One of the most famous Japanese baseball players is Ichirō Suzuki, who won the Japan Most Valuable Player award several times and today plays in North America.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Japan's national football professional league, J. League, was founded in 1992, after which football has also increased its popularity.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[74] Japan played host to the Football Intercontinental Cup from 1981 to 2004 and hosted the 2002 Football World Cup together with South Korea.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Tokyo hosted the 1964 Summer Olympics and Nagano the 1998 Winter Olympics.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Two well-known board games played in Japan are shōgi, which resembles chess, and originally Chinese go.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Developed from Western card games include hanafuda and karuta, a popular gambling game played in arcades while pachinko.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Japan has had considerable influence on video games, with a large proportion of the best-known manufacturers being Japanese (Nintendo, Sega, Sony, Konami, Capcom, Namco and Taito).


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

These companies have developed numerous popular game series.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Celebrations In Japan, there are a total of 15 national, feast and holiday days defined by law.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Excluded from these are several nationwide holidays, including setsubun, valentine's day, tanabata, obon, shichi-go-san, Christmas and New Year's Eve.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[75] [76] The traditional Japanese festival is matsuri, which has originally been an exclusively Shinthian celebration and whose origins can be traced back to the Yayoi period or earlier.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

Local matsurs are held in thousands each year.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

[34] The most notable of these are, for example, Gion matsuri in Kyoto, Tenjin matsuri in Osaka and Kanda matsuri in Tokyo.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The change of seasons is celebrated in Japan in the spring in the form of watching cherry blossoms (hanami) and in autumn by observing ruska (momijigari).


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

DatenamesJapanese-language nameNotes1.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

JanuaryNew Year ShōgatsuBefore the introduction of the Western Gregorian calendar in the 19th century, the New Year was celebrated according to the Chinese lunar calendar.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

New Year is one of the most significant celebrations of the year, which has its own traditions. The second Monday of January is the day of adulthood, which celebrates young people turning 20 years.11.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

FebruaryKenkoku kinen no hiện the day of the establishment of the Japanese state, when, according to legend, the first emperor of the country Jimmu took the throne in 660 BC.20.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

or March 21, RequestEquinox Shunbun no HiSignificant day of the Buddhist calendar, when the ancestors are honored.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

AprilyShōwa no Hi


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The day kicks off a series of vacation days called Golden Week.3.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

May The current Constitution of Japan was introduced in 1947.4. MayMidori no Hi


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

In May, despite its name (children's day), the feast day for boys.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The corresponding day for girls is hinamatsuri in March, which, however, is not a national holiday for the time being. Third Monday of July, the day of July, when the sea is celebrated.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

or 24 SeptemberEquinox Shūbun no Hisamantype holiday like the vernal equinox.Second Monday of October, the Day of Health and Sports, which commemorates the opening ceremony of the Tokyo Olympics in 1964.3. for the promotion of research.23.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

In November, Takinrō kansha no Hi


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

On Decemberthe Emperor's Birthday, Tennō TanjōbinYū Emperor Akihito was born on this day.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

The Imperial Palace will be opened to the public.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

See also List of cities in Japan List of emperors of Japan Japan-Finland relations Jasuko Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Macfarlane, Alan| title = Heart of Japan| others = Translated by Tero Valkonen| location = Jyväskylä | publisher = Atena| year = 2008| version=( Japan through the looking glass, 2007) | id = ISBN 978-951-796-541-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Vesterinen, Ilmari (ed.


Question: What is Japan's statesmanlike?

Japan

) | title = There are mountains behind the mountains: Perspectives on Japan| location = Helsinki| publisher = University print| year = 1993| id = ISBN 951-570-165-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Vesterinen, Ilmari| title = Behind the Yellow Sea: Life and Phenomena in East Asia| location = Helsinki| publisher = Society of Finnish Literature| year = 2003| version = Data Lipas 193| id = ISBN 951-746-461-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kena Kirsti| title = Perspectives of Far Eastern Theology; Publications of the Finnish Theological Literature Society 181| location = Jyväskylä | publisher = Gummerus| year = 1993| id = ISBN 951-9111-93-X}} On topic elsewhere Official Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


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* Category:Key articles of screening Category:42 Asia


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Hell is, according to Christianity, a place or space to which a person may find himself due to the transgressions he has committed after his death.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

The vast majority of trends in Christianity believe that hell is an eternal place of suffering, also inhabited by Satan.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

The hell of Christianity is based on a handful of New Testament passages from which the early Church Fathers constructed a doctrinal system.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Modern Christian theology is mostly divided between traditional torment hell and void lapse.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

In addition to these, there is a view of everyone getting into heaven.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

New Testament variants Tuonela, Hebrew šeh-ole (), hence the place where the dead went, have been mentioned 46 times in the Old Testament and 8 times in the New Testament, the word hell or gehenna is mentioned there 12 times.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Christianity's conception of hell is based almost entirely on the New Testament.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

In the Old Testament, hell, or sheol, is hardly mentioned except for the Book of Daniel, and the question of the existence of posthumous life is open to interpretation.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

In the New Testament are the destruction to the nonexistent, the decay of souls into shadowy ghosts, the eternal torment hell, and the doctrine of salvation.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Jesus' speeches send sinners into eternal fire to weep and gnash their teeth.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

[1] According to Paul, again, the opposite of salvation and eternal life was death and loss to non-existence.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

[2] The power trend in Christianity chose torment hell from the alternatives, even though it was based on only a handful of New Testament texts.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

The most important mentions of these are found in the Gospel of Matthew [3] and Revelation of John [4].


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

A competing alternative might have been the vision of the Epistles of Paul and the Gospel of John about the destruction of the lost.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

The theology of the beginning of Christendom discussed the possible loss of sinful souls, namely the lapse in void, and the possibility of salvation for all.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

These perspectives disappeared and no later than the dawn of the Middle Ages, torment hell became the only possible interpretation.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

[2] Only sinful people do not go to hell after the last judgment, but Satan and the fallen angels, namely demons, will also be there.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Satan is to Christians a clear opponent and enemy of God.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

He comes up with cunning plots to promote evil.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

In the New Testament, a War of the Worlds is fought, with three major settlement battles.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

In the first war, Satan was dropped down from heaven.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

The Second War Satan lost to Jesus at his death and resurrection.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

The third and final war will be fought at the end of history.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

[2] The infernal doctrine of early Christianity became established as the hell doctrine of Christianity three things.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

First, the learned of the division of humanity into good and bad, which meant that it was not possible to save everyone.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Secondly, the doctrine of the soul being eternal, so hell is eternal too.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Third, the doctrine of purgatory developed.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

[5] Spreading Christianity was also the propagation of the doctrine of hell.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

First, the Gentiles, or non-Christians, were told the bad message that all men are under sin and on their way to damnation.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

A good message was then told, in which those who turn to Christ are freed from sins and the grip of hell.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

According to Christians, repentance must be done during this life, for in the afterlife it is no longer possible.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

For a non-Christian listener, the concept of sin was not new, but eternal afterlife horror was.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

[5] Hell also gave the martyrs of Christianity the strength and comfort to endure the tortures, for persecutors would come to be punished for their actions in the afterlife.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

According to the third-century churchfathers Irenaeus and Tertullian, hell will be bodily punished by burning by fire.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

However, fire does not consume its target, but burns a person forever, so it is many times more terrible.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Also, punishment has degree differences depending on the terrestrial sins of a person.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

[5] The resurrection and final judgment of Christianity are going to happen at the end of history, so souls must wait for it somewhere.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

The concept of a storehouse of souls was born, named by some as the Pearl of Abraham and even more as Hades.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

The intermediate state didn't matter much to the concept of hell.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

According to most people, the soul is in the same hell, with the first being without a body and in the second with the body.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Although, having a body was speculated to add to the pain of hell.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

[5] The Old Testament Hebrew šeol was translated into Hades in Greek.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Similarly, in the Latin Bible, the Vulgate, there was already talk of an infernus.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Thus already Christian Bible translations made the vague afterlife of the Old Testament a clear post-mortem intermediate state or hell.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

[5] Officially, the disappearance of the soul after death, or void lapse, was rebuffed at the Second Ecclesiastical Assembly of Constantinople in 553.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Thus, torment hell remained the only correct interpretation for a thousand years, until different views were raised in the context of the Reformation.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

[5] The Church Father Augustine of Torment Hell and Purgatory influenced the ecclesiastical concept of hell more than anyone else after him.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

He can also be considered the father of purgatory doctrine.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Augustine is best known for his doctrine of mercy, but his doctrines of hell are the other side of the coin.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

For Augustine, world history is a struggle between good and evil—God and Satan.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

It will end with the final death blow of evil and sinners falling into eternal hell.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

[6] According to Augustine, most people are going to go to hell.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Only the few and the chosen ones get into heaven.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

His view he justified by God's justice.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Around the same time, the influential Johannes Krysostomos calculated that out of thousands of people barely a hundred will be saved.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

This way of thinking was very common among major theologians in the Middle Ages and well into modern times.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

The early Church Fathers view of the small number of those being saved is partly explained by the minority status of Christians during Late Antiquity.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

At the same time, various tendencies were affected within Christians, many of which were denounced by the Church Fathers as heretics and intimidated the opposing party with hell.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

[6] Before Augustine in Late Antiquity, there was a view of the salvation of all.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

According to Church Father Clemens Alexandrian, God disciplines for educational purposes only for a short time in the afterlife.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

The souls of sinners are purified, they are turned in the right direction, and they return to God's connection.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

According to Church Father Origenes, Satan will also eventually be saved.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Origenes posited that hell is eternal for sinners, but at the end of history souls return back to the initial state of connection with God.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

The salvage model of Origenes is referred to as apokatastasis pantoon or, more shortly, apokatastasis doctrine.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

The Church Father Gregorios Nysalainen followed the basic idea of Origenes and understood the punishment of hell to be a healing discipline that lasts long but not endlessly.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

[7] Augustine attacked the doctrine of apocatastasis violently.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

He later put forward the generally accepted doctrine that at the moment of death, the sinner's will freezes in place, and he can no longer heal or change.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Building on these ideas, the Second Ecclesiastical Assembly in Constantinople rejected Origenes' ideas as heretical.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

The most common justification for opposing the salvation of all was practical: If eternal hell were to go away, morality would fall from the bottom and the practice of Christianity would become unnecessary.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

[6] Augustine's concepts were further developed in the Middle Ages.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

The intermediate space was dismissed as unnecessary and souls were speculated to go to hell immediately after death.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Similarly, the punishments were divided into two kinds: suffering under fire and the lack of closeness to God.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Loss of salvation and God's presence was considered by scholars to be more terrible punishment.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Instead, among the people, preachers painted to the listeners preferring corporal punishment.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

The church was considered the only place where souls would be safe from hell.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Separation from the church meant the danger of hell, and acted as a weapon of clergy against the chastity-violating, secular princes and heretics of Christianity.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

[6] Medieval doctrines Medieval Christian philosophy, or scholastics, systematically differentiated hell and purgatory.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

From a handful of Bible text passages, the Skolasticians constructed a detailed and holistic description of hell, purgatory and heaven.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

The structures were erected on the basis of the ideas of ancient philosophers and distinguished church fathers.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

[8] The philosopher Thomas Aquinas described in great detail the horrors of hell.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

The lost are subjected to a motionless underground hell in bodily form.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Sinners are unable to shed tears, so they cry inside their minds.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

The lost are punished with extreme cold and hot.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Sinners don't even bring good memories with them to bring them joy; God's punishments are in mind all the time.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

The lost hate God's just punishment imposed on them, but not God himself.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

[8] Also, unbaptized children go to hell for their original sin.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Augustine was very strident about this and claimed babies who died unbaptized would go to hell too.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Thomas was a degree milder and watched unbaptized children move into limbus.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

There's no good and no evil there.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

This doctrine of the Catholic Church is still valid, albeit under re-evaluation.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

[8] Along with hell, the doctrines of the Church also included purgatory, which, however, is more hopeful in its atmosphere.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Like Hell, sinful souls also suffer in purgatory, but not forever, but those who have been there will enter heaven after a certain time.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Moreover, already in purgatory, they receive assistance from the living on earth in the form of fairs, alms, intercession and good deeds.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Above ground assistance may shorten the time spent in purgatory.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

[9] Purgatory is the soul's last chance to be liberated from sins and prepare for posthumous life in heaven [10].


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

The doctrine of purgatory gradually emerged from Augustine's idea that all Christians would not have time to be purified during terrestrial life.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Augustine did not use the word purgatory, but spoke of purifying fire and suffering.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

The Skolasticos took purgatory to their peak by singling out guilt and punishment.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Punishment can be avoided by remorse.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

In practice, this led to the confession of sins to a priest, a practice formalized at an ecumenical ecclesiastical assembly in 1215.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

[9] Purgatory was declared the official doctrine of the Catholic Church at the Second Ecclesiastical Conference of Lyon in 1274 and was further confirmed at the Ecclesiastical Assembly of Trenton in 1545—1563.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

In the Late Middle Ages, the Church was believed to have the power to completely absolve man from sins.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

From its own warehouse of good deeds located in heaven, the Church could distribute forgiveness to people.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

This concept was referred to as an indulgence.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

In the late Middle Ages, people paid priests to have them hold a private Mass for a particular deceased.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

The doctrine of purgatory was at its strongest between the 12th and 16th centuries.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

[9] Dante's Hell from Hell was written in the Middle Ages hundreds of literary accounts.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

During dreams or waking dreams, those who experienced spiritual hell vision recounted the experiences to priests or monks who write them down.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Imaginary views of hell were blazed in the Christian tradition from the second century onwards.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Of these early annunciations, or apocalypses, two have emerged as particularly significant: the Annunciation of Peter and the Revelation of Paul.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Both are books excluded from the Bible, aka apocryphal books.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

[11] The Divine Play (Divina commedia), a three-volume poetry work by Italian Dante Alighieri from the 14th century, tells the story of its author's journey through hell and purgatory to paradise.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

The first part of Inferno deepens into hell and is the most famous of these books.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Hell is described in it as an underground chasm covered by a kind of thin cover, extending as far as the center of the Earth and divided into several nested circles.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

[12] There are nine circles of actual hell, three of which are divided into several departments.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

In addition, the hell has a pre-mansion.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

In the circles and departments of Hell, souls suffer punishment according to their sin.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

[13] Dante believed in the existence of hell, purgatory, and heaven, but did not imagine them to be exactly the places he described.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

[12] Dante's Divine play is the most read and studied book of the Middle Ages after the Summa theologiae of Thomas Aquinese.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

The work influenced its readership in three ways.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

First, the detail and poetry of the work convinced the readership of the divine inspiration of its author.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Second, the descriptions of the work influenced later designs by artists who painted or wrote about hell.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Third, the perfection of the work turned against faith itself.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Dante's work was recognized as fictional, leading many to suspect other old depictions of hell as well.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

[12] The Reformation questioned Purgatory Reformation, or the genesis of Protestant sects, challenged the Catholic view since the 16th century.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Protestants accepted hell, but not purgatory, for it was not based on the Bible.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Catholics acknowledged the thin foundation of purgatory in the Bible, but invoked the tradition of the church, the church and many ecclesiastical assemblies.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Protestants say the church may have got it wrong and believers have reason to go back to the Bible.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

[14] The first steps in questioning purgatory were taken by Erasmus Rotterdamite with his satirical writings.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

German priest Martti Luther went further, asserting outright that no basis for purgatory could be found in the Bible.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Likewise, Luther could not be found in purgatory in the writings of the Church Fathers, and he pointed out that the Orthodox Church had never accepted purgatory.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Protestants rejected purgatory as well as the limbus of unbaptized children.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

You could only fit heaven and hell into the world of the Bible.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

The rest of the ecclesiastical tradition of hell, on the other hand, was good enough almost as such for Protestants and the eternal torment hell was authorized to continue.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

[14] According to Luther, sinning has deprived people of their own will.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

God predetermines who will be saved and who will not.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Later Lutheranism resigned itself from this doctrine of predestination, presenting that God calls everyone to salvation, but not everyone accepts it.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Jean Calvin emphasized Lutheriak more sharply the predetermination of God.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Later, according to the Reformed Churches built on the foundation of Calvin's thoughts, God is good and is determined to eventually save everyone.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

[14] The Catholic Church responded to the Reformation with what is known as Catholic Reformation.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Hell spreading details had formed too entertaining and even fun.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

The Catholic Church curbed processions, celebrations and plays related to hell.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

At the Ecclesiastical Conference in Trento, the Catholic Church repeated the line shown by the Scolastics.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

The meeting decided to stick to purgatory and indulgences, but their abuse was wanted to be eradicated.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

During the Reformation, Protestants and later also Catholics raised Satan to earth.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

The change in position was caused by the Bible's mention that Satan will be cast into a lake of fire at the end of history.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

[14] One more great work of hell was seen in literature when John Milton wrote the narrative poetry Lost Paradise in 1667 [15] [16].


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

The Reason Hell of Enlightenment In Enlightenment time, reality was examined in the light of reason.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

The afterlife, the church, and the Bible also came under criticism.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Some theology detached itself from ecclesiastical control.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Modern theological bible study, or exegetics, was born, which saw the books of the Bible against their historical background.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

The new study rapazed the fundamentals of the hell doctrine.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

[17] Many thinkers and theologians of the Enlightenment concluded that the punishment of hell is limited, since divine light is limited too.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Similarly, it was concluded that since man is limited, so too are the sins he commits limited.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Similarly, the concept of the eternal soul was criticized, because it was thought that nothing is eternal in nature either.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Some concluded that no intangible reality even exists, but others felt that this already went too far.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

[17] Several of the philosophers of the Enlightenment period opposed hell or, like David Hume, religion in general.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

According to Voltaire, hell is a belief of Persians, Chaldeans, Egyptians and Greeks that the people of Israel did not believe in.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

According to Arthur Schopenhauer, the only hell and purgatory is the current world.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

[17] Despite criticism, denominations were unanimous in the 16th—19th centuries that the majority of people will go to hell.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

This infernal justice was justified by the free will of man — man condemns himself to hell.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Similarly, the eternity of hell was held on the basis that the attitude of the sinful man is and remains contrary to God.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

[15] New Christian Movements Not everyone was satisfied with the rationalized faith.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

In the fold of the 17th and 18th centuries, movements emphasizing firsthand and experiential faith life emerged.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

They are collectively referred to as Revival Christianity, or Evangelicalism.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

According to the movements, faith is not born, but must be aroused.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

The earliest revival movements were Puritanism born in England and Pietism born in Germany.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

For both revivalist movements, the danger of hell was real, and the custom Christian alone ran the risk of falling into the hells of hell unless he immediately repented.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Revival preachers described in detail the horrors of hell to the listener, urging to obey God's provisions and not seek mitigations in them.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

[15] Also, the idea of saving everyone made a comeback.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

The old idea of Church Father Origenes — once rejected as a heretic — gained small but increasing support over the years.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

In the 18th century, Englishmen and Americans emerged as new thinkers of Universalism, of whom Charles Chauncy rose to greater prominence.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

According to him, eternal torment hell is impossible, because in this case Satan's victory and the fall of Adam would be more significant events than the salvation of Christ.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Universalism was later torn by internal contradictions and Christian doctrine was so fairly pruned that other Christian orientations viewed the movement as having drifted beyond Christianity.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Another Unitarian movement with similar ideas emerged in early 17th century England to counter the Trinity doctrine of the Church.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Most of the universalist minded did not join these movements.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Some of them felt that it is not good to publicly declare the salvation of all, but a spiritually mature person must realize this idea himself.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

[15] In addition to these two extremists — revival and universalism — the disappearance of the soul, or void lapse, also made a comeback.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

This idea was also sidetracked by deism, where God was considered the originator of everything, which does not interfere later in the course of history.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

The annihilation doctrine associated with void lapses was poorly supported before the 19th century.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

The most prominent movement that advocated annihilationism was the Seventh-day Adventists, or Advent Church, which emerged in the mid-19th century.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

It emerged in North America with the second wave of revival movement.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

The Jehovah's Witnesses movement, which broke away from the Advent Church in the 1870s, also inherited the void lapse doctrine.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

[15] Current views In modern times, since the 20th century, the problematic nature of hell in Christianity has increased and complicated.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

The ecclesiastical two-thousand-year hell tradition has come into question in the new theology.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

At the same time, the doctrine of annihilation — or void lapse of the soul — has won the support of theologians on its side, although it has not achieved official support from Christian tendencies except for individual revival movements.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

[18] Roughly dividing the conclusions of current Christian theologians are either the disappearance of the soul or eternal suffering.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Occasionally theologians move along the borderland between the two and the author's final position remains unclear.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

[18] In Catholicism, the doctrine of purgatory is even more central than hell.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

In purgatory, souls are tormented for a certain period of time and they struggle between heaven and hell.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Prayers, soul fairs and indulgences of the surviving people help the soul of the deceased to get out of purgatory into heaven.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

[19] Bible passages “Then he says to those on his left, 'Go away from me, ye damned, into the eternal fire reserved for Satan and his angels.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

— And so they depart, others to eternal punishment, but righteous to eternal life.” Matt.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

25:41-46 “If your hand seduces you, beat it away.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

After all, it's better for you to get inside life than to have both hands in hell, an unquenchable fire, where 'the worm doesn't die and the fire is extinguished'...” Mark.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

9:43-49 “Let us therefore not dwell on the rudiments of Christ's doctrine, but let us proceed to full knowledge.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

We cannot recount the foundation and teach such things as repentance of deeds leading to death, faith in God, doctrine of baptism and purification, and the laying of hands, the resurrection of the dead and eternal judgment.” Hebrew.


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

6:1 Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kuula, Kari| title = History of Hell: From Homer to The Exorcist| location = Helsinki| publisher = Bookworks| year = 2006| id = ISBN 951-607-350-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Terhart, Franjo & Schulze, Janina| title = Modern World Religions: Origin, History, Faith, Worldview| location = Bath| publisher = Parragon| year = 2007| version = (Weltreligionen: Ursprung, Geschichte, Ausübung, Glaube, Weltbild, 2007.)


Question: What is the current view of hell?

Hell in Christianity

Authors: Eetu Nieminen, Aatos Hiltunen| id = ISBN 978-1-4075-1183-2}} References Category:Christian perception Class:Hell Class:27 Christianity


Question: How many games in the Final Fantasy series have been released?

The Legend of Zelda (series)

The Legend of Zelda is an action-adventure/action role-playing game series developed and published by Nintendo.


Question: How many games in the Final Fantasy series have been released?

The Legend of Zelda (series)

The game series was created by respected game designer Shigeru Miyamoto.


Question: How many games in the Final Fantasy series have been released?

The Legend of Zelda (series)

Gaming consists of action, adventure, puzzle solving, role-playing, and intermittent platforming, stealth, and racing.


Question: How many games in the Final Fantasy series have been released?

The Legend of Zelda (series)

The main character of the game series is Link, who is also the only playable character.


Question: How many games in the Final Fantasy series have been released?

The Legend of Zelda (series)

The games are usually set in the fantasy world of Hyrule, where Link most often has to save Princess Zelda from the main antagonist of the game series, Ganon.


Question: How many games in the Final Fantasy series have been released?

The Legend of Zelda (series)

A characteristic part of the game series is also the Triforce, a three-power of divine origin.


Question: How many games in the Final Fantasy series have been released?

The Legend of Zelda (series)

In addition to the above, other venues and antagonists have also appeared in the game series.


Question: How many games in the Final Fantasy series have been released?

The Legend of Zelda (series)

The embodiment of the protagonist is not necessarily the same in every game, although the same character sometimes appears in multiple games.


Question: How many games in the Final Fantasy series have been released?

The Legend of Zelda (series)

The Legend of Zelda is considered one of the most impressive game series in the world.


Question: How many games in the Final Fantasy series have been released?

The Legend of Zelda (series)

By December 2009, more than 59 million copies of the series's games had been sold.


Question: How many games in the Final Fantasy series have been released?

The Legend of Zelda (series)

[1] The game series has also been produced: in addition to toys, it has also been made into sketch, manga and comic book series, as well as collectible card sets.


Question: How many games in the Final Fantasy series have been released?

The Legend of Zelda (series)

General Gaming Zelda games include problem solving, battle scenes and exploring new areas.


Question: How many games in the Final Fantasy series have been released?

The Legend of Zelda (series)

The gameplay mechanics have remained the same type throughout the series, with new games bringing additions to Link's mobility and elements into the game world.


Question: How many games in the Final Fantasy series have been released?

The Legend of Zelda (series)

The formula has made Zelda games one of Nintendo's most successful franchise, along with Mario, Metroid and Pokémon.


Question: How many games in the Final Fantasy series have been released?

The Legend of Zelda (series)

A typical feature of game mechanics is Link's ability to transform himself or the world around him into another.


Question: How many games in the Final Fantasy series have been released?

The Legend of Zelda (series)

In The Minish Cap, Link can shrink himself to the size of a thumb, in Majora's Mask, Link can change his race, in Ocarina of Time, Link is able to jump in time between his childhood and adulthood, in Oracle of Seasons, Link controls the seasons, and in A Link to the Past, Link can move through light and between parallel worlds of darkness, in Wind Waker Link is able to change wind direction and time of day between night and day, for example, and in Twilight Princess Link can change shape from human to wolf after receiving a shapeshifting crystal from his enemy.


Question: How many games in the Final Fantasy series have been released?

The Legend of Zelda (series)

In addition to the main mission, Zelda games include side quests, the completion of which is not necessary for the passage of the game.


Question: How many games in the Final Fantasy series have been released?

The Legend of Zelda (series)

Going through side quests usually assists in completing the main mission by rewarding the player with new items, attributes, or skills.


Question: How many games in the Final Fantasy series have been released?

The Legend of Zelda (series)

A side quest that occurs repeatedly in newer Zelda games is a barter chain where Link finds an item that, after giving the right person, gets replaced by a new item.


Question: How many games in the Final Fantasy series have been released?

The Legend of Zelda (series)

The chain continues until eventually Link gets himself a useful item, often a powerful weapon.


Question: How many games in the Final Fantasy series have been released?

The Legend of Zelda (series)

Other topics for side adventure include various competitions, the search for lost objects or people, or individual problem-solving tasks.


Question: How many games in the Final Fantasy series have been released?

The Legend of Zelda (series)

Universe The Legend of Zelda games is the hero of a boy named Link.


Question: How many games in the Final Fantasy series have been released?

The Legend of Zelda (series)

Link is normally tasked with saving Princess Zelda and the kingdom of Hyrule from the schemes of the evil Ganondorf wizard.


Question: How many games in the Final Fantasy series have been released?

The Legend of Zelda (series)

The first Zelda games were straightforward princess rescue missions in story, later stories have become more complicated and diversified.


Question: How many games in the Final Fantasy series have been released?

The Legend of Zelda (series)

In the games Link's Awakening and Majora's Mask Princess Zelda does not play a large part in terms of the story, but in Link's Awakening, she is mentioned after Link's awakening on Koholint Island and in Majora's Mask she is seen in Link's flashback to her after getting the time ocarine back.


Question: How many games in the Final Fantasy series have been released?

The Legend of Zelda (series)

In a few games, Hyrule does not work as a stage.


Question: How many games in the Final Fantasy series have been released?

The Legend of Zelda (series)

Instead of Ganon, the main resistance is a wizard named Vato, who has met in newer games, although Ganon is usually revealed to be Vaat's strings.


Question: How many games in the Final Fantasy series have been released?

The Legend of Zelda (series)

In many games, events are set around Triforce, a powerful, magical sacred object.


Question: How many games in the Final Fantasy series have been released?

The Legend of Zelda (series)

The Triforce consists of three parts, Power, Wisdom, and Courage.


Question: How many games in the Final Fantasy series have been released?

The Legend of Zelda (series)

When divided, the parts affect the characteristics of the person holding this.


Question: How many games in the Final Fantasy series have been released?

The Legend of Zelda (series)

In games where central characters have parts of Triforce, Link often has an element of courage, Zelda has a component of wisdom, and Ganon has an element of strength.


Question: How many games in the Final Fantasy series have been released?

The Legend of Zelda

The United Triforce will fulfil its holder's deepest desires.


Question: How many games in the Final Fantasy series have been released?

The Legend of Zelda

Hyrule's fantasy world includes varied terrain and a wide variety of climatic regions, and diverse life in the form of various monsters and human-like creatures.


Question: How many games in the Final Fantasy series have been released?

The Legend of Zelda

The layout of Hyrule varies from game to game; Regions locations change, and there will be more exiting or becoming more between games, but a few areas (Lost Forest, Death Mountain, Lake Hylia) appear in almost all games.