Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

Biological filtration by activated sludge method has greatly reduced the load since the 1980s.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

Ending the use of chlorine in bleaching has reduced chemical emissions and the shelling of logs using dry exfoliation methods the amount of solids.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[28] Despite the increase in production, industrial emissions have decreased over the decades.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

In 2013, the pulp and paper industry accounted for 3.6% of phosphorus emissions in Finland and 3.4% of nitrogen emissions.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[29] Today, the greatest environmental harms caused by the forestry industry arise in forests rather than factories.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[30] History of the Finnish forest industry The first export product of Finnish forests was tar, which was used to impregnate wooden ships.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

Tar exports began in the early 17th century and in particular it grew with the rise of England and Holland as sea maidens, increasing the need for tar in the world.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

Oulu became one of the main tar ports of the land, along with Arkhangelsk.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

Tar burning was practiced especially in the east, in Kainulu, from where it was transported by boats to Oulu.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[31] The country's first water saw was built in 1533, but they slowly became widespread.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

Thin steel saws made sawing more profitable starting in the 18th century.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[32] In the 18th century, tar became Finland's most important export product.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[9] In the early 19th century, the reign of sawmills powered by water power began and later saw increased export of lumber as sawmills operated on steam power became more common.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[9] Even in the half countries of the 19th century, most of Finland's wood was used in economies for firewood, construction, lighting and agricultural needs.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

The boom phase of the sawmill industry in the 1870s was dramatic.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

Large steam sawmills were established in port cities, and the value of sawn timber rose along uitways throughout Finland.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

The activities also attracted foreign entrepreneurs to Finland, such as Hans Gutzeit and James Salvesen.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

At the same time, steps were taken towards modern paper production, pioneered in Finland by Fredrik Idestam.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[33] However, Finland's industrialisation did not start from the forest, as iron pots and textile industries had already flowed between the 17th and 18th centuries.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[34] With the rapid intensification of timber use and the absence of methodical forest management, forest resources dwindled.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

However, the forestry industry became a major consumer of wood only in the 20th century.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[9] The saw industry that rose in the 19th century was the main processor of wood until the 1950s.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

The main export country was Britain.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

Not much sawn timber was exported to Russia, as its own factories satisfied demand.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

Products from the paper industry emerged as the largest group, measured by the value of exports, as early as the 1930s (when the saw industry declined strongly).


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

The main market for paper products during the period of autonomy was Russia.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[34] The first cellulose factory in Finland was established in Valkeakoski in 1880 (natroncellulose, converted to sulphate cellulose in 1886).


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

Wood sanding became the raw material for the first paper mills in the early 1870s (Kyröskoski, Valkeakoski and Kuusankoski).


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[33] As Finland did not yet have an extensive railway network or trucks at the beginning of the 20th century, wood was transported by swimming.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

For deprived residents of the countryside, winter time's source of earnings served as the cutting down of trees and transporting them to bathing sites.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

Systematic forestry, as well as the number of forestry workers, increased in the 1950s and 1960s.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

However, change in forestry was rapid, as already in the following decades mechanisation displaced loggers and horses.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[9] Beginning in the late 1980s, companies began to become internationalized and the company size increased through acquisitions and mergers.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[35] Between 2000 and 2012, the value of forestry industry exports dropped by about a third.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

Demand for printing paper decreased, and due to the recession, the demand for sawn timber also decreased.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[11] On the other hand, as e-commerce becomes more widespread, demand for packaging materials such as paperboard and the pulp needed to produce it increases.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[36] In 2014, Stora Enso was fifth and seventh among the world's largest forestry industry enterprises (measured by turnover).


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[37] Äänekoski is under construction for the largest investment in the history of the Finnish forest industry, the Metsä Fibre bioproduct plant, part of the Metsä Group, which is due to be completed in 2017.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[38] The largest coniferous pulp plant in the world is planned in Kuopio.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[39] The disbanded Kemijärvi pulp mill is being revived again for biocellular production during 2018.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[40] Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lyytimäki, Jari & Hakala, Harri| title = Environment and Protection in Finland| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamus (Oy Yliopistokustannus University Press Finland Ltd) and Finnish Environment Factor| year = 2008| version = second reformed institution| isbn = 978-952-495-100-5}} References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Aunesluoma, Juhana| title = Forest Industry Land 3.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

Paper cartridges: forest industry in war and reconstruction 1939—1950| location = Helsinki| publisher = Society of Finnish literature| year = 2007| id = ISBN 978-951-746-922-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Häggman, Kai| title = Land of the Forest Industry 2.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

Forest Republic: Finnish forest industry in the cross-wave of politics and markets 1920—1939| location = Helsinki| publisher = Society of Finnish literature| year = 2006| id = ISBN 951-746-751-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jensen-Eriksen, Niklas| title = Forest Industry Land 4.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

Breakthrough: forest industry through growth, integration and the Cold War in Europe 1950—1973| location = Helsinki| publisher = Society of Finnish Literature| year = 2007| id = ISBN 978-951-746-923-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kuisma, Markku| title = Forest Industry Country 1.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

Finland, forests and the international system 1620—1920| location = Helsinki| publisher = Society of Finnish literature| year = 2006| id = ISBN 951-746-750-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kuisma, Markku (ed.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

) | title = Land of Forestry Industry.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

5, Crisis and Reversion: Forest Industry and Transformation of the World Economy 1973—2008| location = Helsinki| publisher = Society for Finnish Literature| year = 2008| id = ISBN 978-952-222-004-2}} On the topic elsewhere Ministry of Employment and the Economy 2012 Forestry Industry ry.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

Yle Living Archives 2019 Category:69 Business Economics*


Question: What does frame rate mean?

Fframe rate

Frame rate (often an abbreviation of FPS, or frames per second) or frame rate, refers to the number of images drawn on a screen per second in display technology and often also in computer games.


Question: What does frame rate mean?

Fframe rate

As a general rule, it can be considered that the higher the frame rate, the more streaky the movement looks.


Question: What does frame rate mean?

Fframe rate

The most common frame rate in cinematography since 1927 has been 24 frames per second, which is also the performance standard for cinemas.


Question: What does frame rate mean?

Fframe rate

[1] Research suggests that the human eye cannot distinguish images as separate if the frame rate exceeds 55 frames per second.


Question: What does frame rate mean?

Fframe rate

[1] For analog SDTV television broadcasts, the field frequency was 50 (PAL) or 60 (NTSC) fields, or half-frames per second.


Question: What does frame rate mean?

Fframe rate

Since PAL television broadcasts have a frame rate of 25 frames per second, films are presented at this speed too.


Question: What does frame rate mean?

Fframe rate

In this case, they accelerate by about 4 per cent, meaning the duration of the film will be reduced by 2 minutes and 24 seconds for every 60 minutes.


Question: What does frame rate mean?

Fframe rate

[2] Films using the new digital High Frame Rate (HFR) technology are presented at a rate of 48 frames per second.


Question: What does frame rate mean?

Fframe rate

In video files, the need for memory space increases with the frame rate and the CPU power required for playback also increases with frame rate.


Question: What does frame rate mean?

Fframe rate

Also, when talking about the serial exposure feature of photographic cameras, that is, cartooning, the abbreviation “FPS” is used.


Question: What does frame rate mean?

Fframe rate

In this case, the FPS reading indicates how many pictures the camera is able to take in a second.


Question: What does frame rate mean?

Fframe rate

The most common frame rates 24fps are used especially in movies 25fps is used in the PAL system 29.97fps used in the NTSC color system.


Question: What does frame rate mean?

Fframe rate

30fps is used in the NTSC black and white system.


Question: What does frame rate mean?

Fframe rate

50fps (50p) is used in some high definition productions 50i means 50 half frames/s, used in PAL television broadcasts 59.95i means 59.95 half-frames/s, used in NTSC color television broadcasts 60i means 60 half-frames/s, used in NTSC black and white TV broadcasts Sources Category:Film Technology Category:Photography Technology Category:Image Reproduction Technology Category:Screening Key Articles


Question: Who was Karađorđe?

Karl Malden

Mladen George Sekulović or Karl Malden (March 22, 1912, Chicago, Illinois, United States — July 1, 2009 in Brentwood, California, United States) was an American actor.


Question: Who was Karađorđe?

Karl Malden

In his career, he received both Oscar, Emmy and Golden Globe awards.


Question: Who was Karađorđe?

Karl Malden

At the Oscars, she was awarded for her role in the film The Chariot of Seduction (1951), in addition to which she also received an Oscar nomination for the film Naked Harbor (1954).


Question: Who was Karađorđe?

Karl Malden

In both films, he starred with Marlon Brando.


Question: Who was Karađorđe?

Karl Malden

Malden also played a major role in the film Possessed by Wrath, in which he also starred alongside Brando.


Question: Who was Karađorđe?

Karl Malden

Malden had lineages in Serbia and Czechoslovakia.


Question: Who was Karađorđe?

Karl Malden

Originally Mladen George Sekulović changed his name in 1934 to Karl Malden after his uncle.


Question: Who was Karađorđe?

Karl Malden

His first film was, in 1940, appearing in the Lap of Passions.


Question: Who was Karađorđe?

Karl Malden

Following the entry of the United States into World War II in 1941, Malden served in the United States Army Air Forces.


Question: Who was Karađorđe?

Karl Malden

Malden made his final role in 2000 for the television series The West Wing.


Question: Who was Karađorđe?

Karl Malden

[1] As of December 18, 1938, Malden was married to Mona Graham and they had Hollywood's longest-lasting marriage and Hollywood's longest marriage in general (the 71-year marriage was also at Charles Lane and Ruth Covell Lane).


Question: Who was Karađorđe?

Karl Malden

Malden has two children, both daughters.


Question: Who was Karađorđe?

Karl Malden

Filmography Weapon in Hand (The Gunfighter, 1950) Okinawa (Halls of Montezuma, 1950) Where the Pavement Ends (Where the Sidewalk Ends, 1950) The Chariot of Seduction (A Streetcar Named Desire, 1951) Mission in Trieste (Diplomatic Courier, 1952) Counterintelligence Strikes (Operation Secret, 1952) Sinner Ruby (Ruby Gentry, 1952) I Confess (I Confess, 1953) Hard Grips (Take the High Ground! , 1953) Naked Harbor (On the Waterfront, 1954) Phantom of the Rue Morgue (1954) The Dolls Wife (Baby Doll, 1956) Bomber B-52 (Bombers B-52, 1957) Gallows (The Hanging Tree, 1959) Possessed by Hate (One-Eyed Jacks, 1960) Pollyanna — Merry Girl (Pollyanna, 1960) Unforgettable Summer (Parrish, 1961) Everything Betrays (All Fall Down, 1962) The Prisoner of Alcatraz (Birdman of Alcatraz, 1962) Gypsy — the striptease queen (Gypsy, 1962) Cheyenne (Cheyenne Autumn, 1964) Who lies in my grave?


Question: Who was Karađorđe?

Karl Malden

(Dead Ringer, 1964) Full House Kid (The Cincinnati Kid, 1965) Jute Seas Gold Diggers (Th Adventures of Bullwhip Griffin, 1966) Matt Helm Barrage (Murderers' Row, 1966) Avenger Nevada Smith (Nevada Smith, 1966) Billion Dollar Brain (Billion Dollar Brain, 1967) Hotel (Hotel, 1967) Blue — silent fighter (Blue, 1968) Armour General Patton (Patton, 1969) Crouching Horror (Il Gatto a nove code, 1971) Men of the West Ross and Frank (Wild Rovers, 1971) Revenge on the Mafia (Un Verano para matar, 1972) Ordnance of the Sea (Captains Courageous, 1977) Meteor (Meteor, 1979) The New Blowout (The Sting II, 1983) The American Dream (Suton, 1983) Murder or Nightmare (Fatal Vision, 1984) Crazy (Nuts, 1987) The hijacking of Achille Lauro (The Hijacking of the Achille Lauro, 1989) Sources on the topic elsewhere Category:American actors Category:Academy Award recipients Category:Primetime Emmy Award recipients Category:Hollywood Walk of Fame Category:SAG Award recipients Category:Those born in 1912 Category:Those who died in 2009


Question: How many neurons are in a dog's brain?

Sense of smell

The sense of smell, or olfactorial sense, is a chemical remote sense and one of the five senses of humans.


Question: How many neurons are in a dog's brain?

Sense of smell

A prerequisite for smelling is that the odor molecule fits into the receptor protein of the sensory cell in its structure and adheres to it.


Question: How many neurons are in a dog's brain?

Sense of smell

Olfactory receptor cells are located in the ceiling of the nasal cavity in an area called olfactory epithelium.


Question: How many neurons are in a dog's brain?

Sense of smell

[1] The number of basic odors is estimated to be around 1000 and the various odors formed by these are estimated to be around 10,000.


Question: How many neurons are in a dog's brain?

Sense of smell

[2] The sense of smell is one of the least known and studied human senses.


Question: How many neurons are in a dog's brain?

Sense of smell

In 2004, the Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded for research on the sense of smell to Richard Axel and Linda B. Buck.


Question: How many neurons are in a dog's brain?

Sense of smell

Structure Olfactory cells are sensory nerve cells located in the olfactory epithelium of the roof of the nasal cavity.


Question: How many neurons are in a dog's brain?

Sense of smell

In total, about 20 million of them exist in the olfactory epithelium of both halves of the nose


Question: How many neurons are in a dog's brain?

Sense of smell

The olfactory epithelium consists of basal cells, supporting cells, and odorant cells.


Question: How many neurons are in a dog's brain?

Sense of smell

The dendrite, or importer branch, of the olfactory cell ends in an extension on the surface of the epithelium, from which 10-20 cilia leave.


Question: How many neurons are in a dog's brain?

Sense of smell

The receptor membrane of the cell is formed by the surface membrane of the cilia inside the mucous layer.


Question: How many neurons are in a dog's brain?

Sense of smell

[3] The axons of olfactory cells, or exporter branches, are myelin tupetomas.


Question: How many neurons are in a dog's brain?

Sense of smell

[3] They pass in large bunches from the olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavity through the sieve to the olfactory coil located below the frontal lobe of each of the major hemispheres.


Question: How many neurons are in a dog's brain?

Sense of smell

From there, the second neurons in the track continue to several points in the limbic system (the primary olfactory region).


Question: How many neurons are in a dog's brain?

Sense of smell

The olfactory line has only two consecutive neurons and is the only sensory sense track that does not pass through the thalamus, but goes directly into the cortex.


Question: How many neurons are in a dog's brain?

Sense of smell

Nerve bundles together form the first cranial nerve, that is, the olfactory nerve.


Question: How many neurons are in a dog's brain?

Sense of smell

[2] The lifespan of olfactory cells is about two months.


Question: How many neurons are in a dog's brain?

Sense of smell

They are then replaced through cell division and differentiation by new olfactory cells forming from basal cells.


Question: How many neurons are in a dog's brain?

Sense of smell

[3] Principle of operation Olfactory substances are either volatile gaseous substances or substances dissolved in small airborne water droplets.


Question: How many neurons are in a dog's brain?

Sense of smell

They enter the inhaled air into the nasal cavity, where they come into contact with olfactory cells.


Question: How many neurons are in a dog's brain?

Sense of smell

Each olfactory cell contains a large number of different olfactory receptor molecules that bind different types of odor molecules.


Question: How many neurons are in a dog's brain?

Sense of smell

[3] The bond between the receptor and the olfactory molecule changes the shape of the receptor, thereby activating the G protein in the cell membrane.


Question: How many neurons are in a dog's brain?

Sense of smell

It, in turn, activates an enzyme that regulates the formation of an intracellular secondary transmitter.


Question: How many neurons are in a dog's brain?

Sense of smell

The ion channels of the cell membrane open and depolarization triggers nerve impulses that travel along the axon to synapses located in the olfactory coil.


Question: How many neurons are in a dog's brain?

Sense of smell

[3] Function Deficiencies The lack of smell is called anosmia and impaired sense of smell hyposmia.


Question: How many neurons are in a dog's brain?

Sense of smell

The most common disease leading to temporary deterioration of the sense of smell is inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose and upper respiratory tract caused by a viral infection.


Question: How many neurons are in a dog's brain?

Sense of smell

Other causes may be allergic rhinitis, polyposis of the nose and chronic inflammation of the nasal sinuses.


Question: How many neurons are in a dog's brain?

Sense of smell

In addition, abundant smoking impairs the sense of smell.


Question: How many neurons are in a dog's brain?

Sense of smell

Less common causes of olfactory changes include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, traumatic brain injury or brain tumor.


Question: How many neurons are in a dog's brain?

Sense of smell

[4] Schizophrenia and epilepsy are also associated with a weaker sense of smell [5].


Question: How many neurons are in a dog's brain?

Sense of smell

The sense of smell may be partially congenitally absent for genetic reasons, in which case a defective or missing gene in the sensory receptor may cause inability to smell on a particular substance.


Question: How many neurons are in a dog's brain?

Sense of smell

A human can also adapt, that is, adapt to some odorant and smell others normally.


Question: How many neurons are in a dog's brain?

Sense of smell

[2] As humans grow older, the sense of smell may be impaired because the number of receptor cells in the olfactory epithelium decreases and they regenerate more slowly than when they were young.


Question: How many neurons are in a dog's brain?

Sense of smell

However, variation between individuals is high.


Question: How many neurons are in a dog's brain?

Sense of smell

[4] Change Many animals have a much stronger sense of smell than humans.


Question: How many neurons are in a dog's brain?

Sense of smell

For example, a dog has scent cells about a hundred times the number of human.


Question: How many neurons are in a dog's brain?

Sense of smell

[6] According to a study by the University of Tokyo, the most accurate sense of smell is in an elephant.


Question: How many neurons are in a dog's brain?

Sense of smell

The second most accurate is in the rat and the third most accurate is in dogs.


Question: How many neurons are in a dog's brain?

Sense of smell

[7] A strong sense of smell is also often accompanied by a very precise olfactory memory.


Question: How many neurons are in a dog's brain?

Sense of smell

Dogs, for example, may remember, based on smell, a person they encountered years ago, with whom they have only been closely spaced for a short time.


Question: How many neurons are in a dog's brain?

Sense of smell

The dog's sense of smell is widely used as an aid in police investigations, security checks and the discovery of illicit substances such as drugs.


Question: How many neurons are in a dog's brain?

Sense of smell

In recent decades, efforts have been made to artificially simulate the sense of smell.


Question: How many neurons are in a dog's brain?

Sense of smell

It has been hoped that mechanical sense of smell would help detect cancer, for example, even in its early stages.


Question: How many neurons are in a dog's brain?

Sense of smell

See also Vomeronasal organ Sources on the topic elsewhere Category:Sense of Smell Category:Key articles on screening


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

Slash is a fictional character appearing in IDW comics and an enemy of the Turtles.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

Originally published by Archie Comics and created by Kevin Eastman, the character first appeared on 22 September 1990 in episode 85 of the Turtles — mutant turtles animated series.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

Slash also appeared a year later (in August 1991) in issue 23 of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Adventures comic book published by Archie Comics.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

Animation Turtles — mutant turtles Slash appeared a few times as a visiting enemy in the Turtles — Mutant Turtles series.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

He is originally Bebop's pet turtle, mutating with Rocksteady and Bebop's experiment.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

They were tired of doing all the work in Technodrome and wanted to create a new mutant to whom they could give the tasks they received.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

However, the experiment failed for them, as Slash became more powerful than Rocksteady and Bebop combined.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

In addition, Slash had unpredictable nerves that made it all the more dangerous.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

She was also attached to palm trees because while she was a pet, Slash's terrarium had a plastic palm tree she called Binky.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

As Bebop drops it into the air duct, Slash completely freaked out, stealing Shredder's Shaolin swords and breaking up the Technodrome.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

As a result of this freak out, he was sent to Earth Planet, where Slash met a few corrupt businessmen.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

They wanted to build apartment buildings in the sewer area, but had found themselves frequently blocked by the Turtles.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

Because of this, they wanted to ruin the Turtles' reputation by sending Slash to destroy the city's freedom bell, which would give the Turtles a bad name.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

The Turtles eventually found out Slash was behind the incident and were surprised how one turtle was capable of single-handedly fighting them.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

The Turtles eventually managed to get rid of him, after Slash was forced into outer space by a junk rocket, where he found his small plastic palm tree.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

Slash later returned back to planet Earth, at which point he had several new types of weapons and planned to turn every inhabitant of the planet into turtles so that he could be the greatest leader.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

[1] Slash managed to turn Channel 6 news channel employees into Vernon and Burne's turtles, as well as at the same time trying to exploit the channel's satellite rig to turn all the inhabitants into turtles.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

Donatello managed to trick Slash by telling him that if Slash turned the Turtles into humans, he would already be the lord of the turtles.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

When Slash tried to transform Donatello by firing a beam at him, he managed to throw Vernon and Burne in front of the beam, which allowed them to transform back into humans.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

Slash angered set about fighting the Turtles, but during the brawl fell from the roof of the Channel 6 building headfirst to the ground, resulting in him losing the intelligence he gained during an incident spent in outer space.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

Due to stupidity, the Turtles managed to coax Slash back into a debris carrying rocket that was sent into space.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

Slash returned briefly to cause trouble when teamed with other Turtles' enemies including Leatherhead, Rat King, Tempestra, Scumbug, Anthrax, and Chrome Dome, doing paid crime work.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

However, everyone went their separate ways after realising they wouldn't get a penny after the Turtles defeated Shredder.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

[2] Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2012) Slash appeared in the second production season of the 2012 animated series in the episode “Slash on the Road to Destruction”.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

Originally Raphael's pet turtle Spike was exposed to the Kraangs mutagen and transformed into a large-bodied and muscular mutant named Slash.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

[3] Slash was completely loyal to Raphael and believed temperament was his only real asset and therefore wanted to get rid of his brothers.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

However, Raphael defeated Slash in a duel and knocked this down from the roof of one of the buildings.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

Later in the episode “The Cruel Plot of the Kraangs”, Slash had been captured by the Kraangs, along with Snake Foot, Kirby O'Neil and many other mutants previously encountered by the Turtles, but were released by the Turtles.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

In the episode “The Return of the Lizard”, Slash had allied himself with the Turtles' other enemy, the extraterrestrial race Salamandran representative, the Lizonator (Newtralizer).


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

While searching for plutonium belonging to the Kraangs, Raphael and Casey Jones encountered them.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

Slash and the Lizard took the plutonium themselves to use it to destroy the Kraangs.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

But the Lizard betrayed Slash and tried to destroy him.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

The Turtles rescued Slash, but Slash was not ready to reconcile with them and left.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

In other media, Comic Book Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Adventures Slash first appeared in comics in issue 23 of the magazine Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Adventures, published by Archie Comics.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

In the comic, Slash looked very much similar to the rest of the Turtles, but had sharp teeth and kept wearing a black mask.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

Slash was forced to flee his home planet Morbus, which came under attack from alien beings.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

The creatures eradicated all the palm trees on the planet, because of which Slash is extremely attached to them.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

He collaborated with Krang during the comic, who helped him escape and claimed the Turtles were to blame for the destruction of Slash's home planet.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

He later found out Krang and Shredder's heinous plan and became angry with the duo.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

Slash went wandering alone along the planet of Earth and was later met by the superhero group Mutanimals, who took Slash to a tropical island filled with palm trees.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

Slash also witnessed the tragic death of the Mutanimals after witnessing the explosion, but arrived late at the scene to help them.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

Slash also collaborated with the Turtles to prevent Queen Maligna's invasion of the planet Earth.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

In the end, he sacrificed himself to save the Turtles, who would have time to jump off Maligna's ship before it hit the sun.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

Mighty Mutanimals Slash also appeared in another comic book published by Archie, Mighty Mutanimals, where it was portrayed as a quasi-Superman-like character.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

It was very strong in its ability, among other things, to tear tanks in half, and to be invulnerable against firepower, even missiles.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

Slash claimed to have received the name from vultures.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

He was accompanied by a number of different bladed weapons, but most often used hand blades typical of Shredder in both hands.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

Slash tried in the comic to search Rio de Janeiro for his lost palm tree.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

[4] IDW In the 2011 revamped Turtles comics, Slash appeared in 2012, where it was a laboratory animal in Stockgen's laboratory.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

Stockman and Chet wanted to try mutagen DNA taken from Old Hob so they could find the Turtles and Tikun.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

At the time, as a showcase turtle, he was known as Specimen 6 until he grew in size, strength, and his mind went completely insane with the mutagen.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

[5] It rampaged in the laboratory and fled the scene into the streets of New York.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

He caused a lot of havoc and terror in the occupants by destroying cars, buildings and injuring people.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

People started calling him Slash after leaving behind three cuts.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

He also attacked Michelangelo's pizza delivery man Woody and left his fingernail marks on April's van.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

Slash later spotted the Turtles and began following them.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

He ripped a piece out of the black shirt of the villain who had just been beaten by the Turtles, and made it into a similar mask, as with the Turtles.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

Slash followed the Turtles to their new hideout in an abandoned church, where he attacked them.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

Slash was to subdue them, but with Leonardo, he was badly wounded and disappeared.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

He eventually washed up on a New York beach, where Old Hob was up against him.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

Video games Slash first appeared in the video game Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles III: The Manhattan Project, where it was the game's one of the boss resistors.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

A more figurine version has been used as the character's appearance, as well as a blend of the original concept.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

For the second time, it appeared in Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Turtles in Time as a boss response.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

It replaced Cement Man, which was boss at Prehistoric level.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

He uses a sai as his weapon and is able to protect himself from the player's attacks.


Question: What size are the utromes?

Slash (character)

Characters who played the character Sources Category:Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Characters Category:Fictional Aliens Category:Video Game End Resistors


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

The Counter-Reformation in Sweden () was the goal of the Catholic Church to restore the Catholic faith in Sweden.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Sweden had broken away from the Catholic Church by the Reformation in the 1520s, but it took a century for Lutheranism to become established.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

King John III viewed Catholicism favorably and his son, the heir to the throne Sigismund was raised Catholic.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

However, John pursued unity in Christendom, which is why both Lutherans and Catholics viewed him negatively.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

The Jesuits secretly sought actions to gain support for Catholicism, but their underhand nature ruined their reputation and the Jesuits developed a stereotypical image as cunning crooks.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

After John's death, Sigismund, already elected King of Poland, was also crowned King of Sweden.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

He would have liked to push for a Counter-Reformation in Sweden, but at the coronation the Acts grouped unanimously against Catholicism and pressured Sigismund to recognize Sweden as a Lutheran country.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Real power in the country was gained by the king's uncle, Duke Charles.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Sigismund sought to gain control of his country through violence, but was unsuccessful.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

He was defeated by Charlemagne in the civil war.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

In 1607, Charles Duke was crowned King Charles IX of Sweden.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

The 17th century saw a transition in Sweden to a period of purification in which, through strict Lutheran orthodoxy, the people were brought under control and Lutheranism was established as the only religion in the country.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Background With the help of the Counter-Reformation, the Catholic Church sought to restore its status, which had been undermined by the Reformation.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

In Sweden, Rome's goal was Mission Suetica, the repeal of the Reformation and the restoration of Catholicism.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

In the 16th century, the Netherlands and England were not yet the same trading superpowers as they were later, and the Catholic Church considered that its main objectives were the restoration of the Catholic faith in the Baltic Sea region and Sweden.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

The Swedish Reformation had been formally implemented in the Riksdag of Västerås of 1527, but it took a hundred years to become established.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Until the late 16th century, Protestants were not a united front; not only Lutheranism, but Calvinism also had much support.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

[1] John III, who reigned during John III's time in the late 16th century, viewed Catholicism favourably, his wife Catherine Jagellonica was a Catholic and their son, the heir to the throne Sigismund, had been raised Catholic.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

At this point, the Catholic Church felt that there was a good chance of a Counter-Reformation being implemented in Sweden.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

The Reformation had been carried out in Sweden from above and there was still popular support for Catholic spending.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

King John held the aesthetics of the Catholic Mass and estranged from the ruggedness of Lutheran spending.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

He was also shocked by the imagery of the Reformation.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

John's bet on Catholicism is also explained by financial reasons: his mother-in-law, Bona Sforza, was heir to the Duke of Milan and King of Naples.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Philip II had frozen Catherine's share of the inheritance so that John could not gain possession of the inheritance if he did not convert to the Catholic faith.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

[1] There were Catholic priests living at the court of John III, the most notable of whom was the Jesuit Stanislaus Warszewicki.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

He was Sigismund's religious teacher, who had also been tasked with converting Juhana and making Sigismund a counter-Reformation driver.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Wider support for the Counter-Reformation was sought to gain by secretly sending Catholic priests to the country and recruiting young people to Jesuit schools, including Braunsberg (now.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Braniewo, Poland).


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

[1] Antonio Possevino, who served as papal envoy to Sweden in the 1570s, attempted to create in Sweden a pro-Catholicism supporter of Catholicism in Sweden, members of which could be elevated to high offices in Sigismund's reign.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Possevino wanted to restore Catholicism in Sweden, Denmark, Livonia, Pomerania, Prussia, Venden and Hungary and convert the Russian Orthodox to Catholicism.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

In the Catholic areas bordering these areas, Jesuit schools came to be established in which Catholics from Northern Europe would be secretly recruited.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Braunsberg served as such a school for Swedish youth.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

[2] In 1576, the Norwegian Jesuit Laurentius Nicolai Norwegius became a teacher at the Royal College of Stockholm.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

The court concealed Laurentius' identity and the purpose of his teachings was to covertly attribute Lutheranism to be a heretic.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

To the pro-Catholics, Laurentius revealed his secrets.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

The case was uncovered and a scandal emerged from it.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Laurentius was given the mock name Klosterlasse (“Monaster-Lasse”).


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

For centuries Laurentius Nicolai became the stereotype of a sly Jesuit.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Protestants made Counter-Reformation secrecy a propaganda weapon for themselves.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

[1] Historical scholars are not unanimous on whether John III secretly converted to Catholicism or whether he retained his Lutheran faith, but all the same he did not embark on pushing the Counter-Reformation in Sweden.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

John advocated ecumenism between Protestants and Catholics, so both Lutherans and Catholics considered him a heretic.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

In 1575, John promulgated a new church order (nova ordinantia) with Catholic features, and in 1577 he presented a proposal for a new liturgy to the decencies.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

The liturgy of John, the so-called Red Liturgy, was a mixture of Lutheran and Catholic worship formulas.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

It caused a liturgical feud.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

The opponent of John III's proposal for liturgy and the front row of the Counter-Reformation was the Protestant clergy and especially its elite who studied in Germany.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Among the people there was a predilection for saint cults and Latin Mass and was not interested in theology.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Clergy opposed the Counter-Reformation on the same grounds as Protestants elsewhere in Europe opposed Catholicism.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

The pope was declared the Antichrist and all Catholic was blackpainted.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Charles Duke was a conviction anti-Catholic and became a strong supporter of Protestantism.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

He was oriented more towards Calvinism than Lutheranism, but later gave in on the matter.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

In the John Period, the Duchy of Charles was the strongest area of support for Lutheranism.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

The Duke himself was the strongest opponent of the king's church policies and the Counter-Reformation.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Charlemagne forbade the use of the liturgy in his duchy and offered shelter to priests who opposed it.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Initially, the liturgy was opposed only by the extremist Lutherans, but opposition spread everywhere except Finland.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Because of Charles, the liturgy was not accepted.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

The liturgy did not gain support among the Catholic Church either, as did Juhana's proposal to hold an international congress to agree on the oneness of Christendom.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

In 1578, the king wrote to the Pope that he may restore Catholicism to Sweden if Mass remains vernacular, priests gain the right to marriage, and the cult of sainthood is made voluntary.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

The Pope knocked out Juhana's terms as heretical and the king's relations with the pope were severed.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

[1] Even after this, John allowed the Jesuits to act at court, but when his wife died, he expelled the Jesuits.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

[2] Subsequently, the Counter-Reformation in Sweden stalled and the number of Swedish students at the Jesuit School in Braunsberg went into decline.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

At the turn of the 1580s and 1590s, the Pope changed several times, so Roman politics were not long-tensed.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

[3] Sigismund and the Counter-Reformation Background In 1592, Clement VIII, who was interested in the situation in Northern Europe, was elected pope.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

During his time as a nunty, Klemens had previously stayed at the Polish court and probably met Swedes who stayed there.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

According to Roman plans, Sigismund, as King of Sweden, should appoint Catholics as Archbishop of Uppsala, Bishop of Strängnäs, Bishop of Tallinn and Governor-General of Livonia.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

He should gradually oust married priests from their posts and attract Swedes to be taught by the Jesuits.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

According to the plans, religious tracts came to be spread in the countryside, there had to be a proper Jesuit college in Stockholm and the monastery in Vadstena had to be looked after.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

According to Roman counts, there were only 34 active Catholics in Sweden who could be inducted into Counter-Reformation service.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

The implementation of the Counter-Reformation was still assessed as realistic: since King Gustavus Vasa had driven Lutheranism into the ground from above and had not yet taken root, it would still be possible for the king to change the religion of his people.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

However, at the March 1593 Uppsala meeting, the Protestants had grouped into a united front whose goal was to prevent Sigismund and the Jesuits from taking over the church and church posts.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

On 20 March 1593, the meeting reached the decision of Uppsala that the only permitted religion in Sweden was Lutheranism.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

The ambition of Charles Duke and the Extremist Lutherans was that the adherence of John III's son Sigismund to the Declaration of Uppsala should be made conditional upon his subjects pledging their allegiance to him.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

The Uppsala assembly had also prevented the implementation of a key point of the Counter-Reformation: although the king had the right to appoint an archbishop, the churchmen at the Uppsala meeting had put only two sworn Lutherans up for election.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Sigismund therefore did not have the opportunity to appoint a Catholic as archbishop.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

After the meeting, Swedish aristocrat Ture Bielke arrived in Warsaw and asked Sigismund to sign the Uppsala Decree, but this was refused.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Some of Sigismund's Catholic advisers did not consider signing documents such as the Decision dangerous; instead, they said Sigismund could sign anything because treaties with heretics would not have to be kept.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Nuntius Germanico Malaspina, sent by the pope, denounced the view.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

In his opinion, Sigismund should not betray his subjects.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

[3] Sigismund comes to Sweden Sigismund, who was elected king of Poland, went to Uppsala to be crowned King of Sweden in 1593 as well.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Sigismund was in Danzig at the beginning of September (now.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Gdańsk), where nuntius Malaspina told Sigismund that he had to prescribe Catholicism as Sweden's sole religion.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Malaspina gave Sigismund some money as an advance reward for the task.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Swedish aristocrats Klas Bielke and Erik Sparre also came to escort Sigismund.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

They demanded that Sigismund sign the Uppsala Declaration, but Sigismund again refused.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Despite warnings, he took with him to Sweden the Jesuits and Malaspina.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

They arrived in Stockholm at 30.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

on Sept.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

[3] Charles Duke and the power counsellors informed Sigismund that the condition of his coronation is that he sign the Decree of Uppsala and appoint Abraham Angermannus, a big-Lutheran, as archbishop.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Sigismund was inactive.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

He feared losing the Swedish crown, so he was tempted to sign the Uppsala Decision.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Malaspina didn't trust him.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Malaspina's goal was that Sigismund would be crowned before being forced to sign the Uppsala Decision or other similar proclamations.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

After the coronation, Sigismund could refuse to give an affirmation of the monarch or issue an affirmation in which matters of faith would not be mentioned.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Later Catholics should lament their plight and Sigismund would rise to defend them.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Malaspina also gave Sigismund advice on how he would win the peasants on his side: agitators in disguise were to be sent to the countryside, the peasants had to be protected so that the nobles would not oppress them, Charles Duke, revered by the peasants, had to be made to view Sigismund favourably, Peace had to be made with Russia and “bad money” (i.e., coins whose value of the precious metal did not match the price minted on the coin) had to be taken out of service.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

[4] Sigismund's consort, Queen Anna, organized a charity banquet at Stockholm Castle, to which she invited twelve poor people.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Anna received the guests, served them food and instructed them to read the Father Ours prayer and Mary's hymn of praise.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

The hymn of praise of Mary is one of the key Bible passages in Catholic tradition and was accompanied by topical symbolism: the hymn of praise mentions that God beats broken those with proud thoughts in their hearts and that He can plunge those in power from their seats.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

In addition, Malaspina donated money to the poor who attended the celebration.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

The feast became a weekly custom, but it was considered devious and the townspeople did not give the beggars who attended it alms.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

[4] There was a pre-existing small openly Catholic community in Stockholm that had held fairs in the house of a merchant.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

During the king's visit, Catholic Mass were held in the chapel of the Royal Palace.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Catholic ceremonies were not allowed in churches, as they were known to appeal to the people.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Funerals were not allowed to take place in churches either, as they were public events during that time.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Catholics had the right to be buried at the edge of the city, in the cemetery of St. Klara in Norrmalm or at the Södermalm Chapel.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Sigismund's court musician Suca was killed in the street and Sigismund decided that despite the will of the Lutheran clergy, Suca would receive a dignified burial and that this would be buried in Gråmunkeholmen Church (now.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Riddarholmskyrkan).


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

At the funeral, a fight ensued between Catholics and Lutherans.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Relations between faith groups deteriorated further when it emerged that Casper Påvelsson, the initiator of the Gråmunkeholmen riot, who was one of the key figures in Stockholm's Catholic community, had also hired a man who had tried to assassinate Vicar Ericus Schepperus and that many other Catholics had also been Wanted that Schepperus be killed.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

There were a couple more incidents between Lutherans and Catholics during this period.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

The situation was no longer in the possession of Sigismund, and certainly not Malaspina.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

The Stockholm Catholics were apparently fed up with the slowness of the Counter-Reformation's advance and were trying to speed things up.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

The autumn incidents did not lead to wider unrest, but heightened Swedes' fears and suspicion of Sigismund and Catholics.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

[4] Sigismund's coronation on 1 February 1594 took place with the funeral of King John III at Uppsala Cathedral, after which the Acts were summoned to the Coronation Riksdag.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Two and a half weeks of divisive negotiations followed.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

The Lutherans insisted that Sigismund had to sign the decision of Uppsala, appoint Angermannus as archbishop, and accept the privileges of the Duke of Charles and the aristocracy.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Cardinals in Rome, on the other hand, had wanted Sigismund to be crowned in accordance with Catholic rites.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

At the Coronation Riksdag of 1594, the Acts joined forces in a way that no longer occurred later in Swedish history.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

The burghers declared that children converting to Catholicism will be disinherited and the military superintendent declared that they were guarding the unity of the faith.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Sigismund asked Catholics for a few of the churches in Sweden, which was knocked out by the clergy.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Charles Duke suggested to the nobility that if the king agreed to other demands, Catholics could use the Södermalm church.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

However, this was not accepted by the nobility, who felt that Catholics should not be given any premises so as not to compromise the Swedish Lutheran faith.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

The Catholics planned to assassinate Charles Duke, but the venture failed.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

With the murder plans, Malaspina's reputation had gone for good.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Nuntius was considered the leader of the project, but apparently he had nothing to do with it.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Eventually Sigismund gave in.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

He promised to keep the Uppsala Decision and the Augsburg Confession in force, ban public Catholic services of worship, and reserve posts for Lutherans.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Sigismund was crowned King of Sweden on 19 February 1594, after which he wrote a letter to Rome defending himself by recounting how heretics forced him to make promises he did not accept in his heart.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

[5] Sigismund loses the Swedish crown during the Coronation Riksdag, Malaspina had also made plans for it should Sigismund lose the Swedish crown.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

If armed conflict arose in the Reichstag, Sigismund could retreat through pro-Catholic Finland.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Malaspina wrote to Rome that if Sigismund did not gain control of Sweden, Finland, Estonia and Livonia could be annexed to Poland.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

[6] [7] It is not known what the Finns of the era thought of Malaspina's plans.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Finland was the most pro-Catholic part of the kingdom.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

The dictatorally dominant commandholder, Klaus Fleming, was loyal to King Sigismund.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

[6] Later in 1594 Sigismund returned to Poland.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

[5] Rumours began to spread in Sweden, including one that Sigismund was planning to bring the Inquisition to Sweden, had asked German princes to help subdue the rebelling Swedes, and that the pope had arranged for a group of men to assassinate Duke Charles.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Charlemagne now began to persecute Catholics and destroyed Vadstena Monastery.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Archbishop Angermannus went on an episcopal review by which he warned the congregations against heretics.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

The episcopal amendment was not a success, but it was the first symptom of strict Lutheran orthodoxy, which became dominant in the following century.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

The people had to listen to the circulars of the archbishop in the church, the priests had to draw up lists of religiously suspicious persons for Angermannus, and the archbishop was to tell Charles the Duke who had rejected Lutheranism.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

In 1595, Charlemagne summoned the Riksdag of Söderköping (although only the king had the right to organize the Reichstag), where the Acts decided to ban Catholicism altogether.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

[8] At Sigismund's request, Klaus Fleming offered refuge in Finland to Catholics who fled from other parts of the kingdom.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

[6] In Poland, Sigismund planned to restore his power in Sweden.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

The use of force seemed the only way, but the Polish Sejm did not agree to support their king.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Thus Sigismund sought allies elsewhere.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

King Philip II of Spain was an ardent Catholic who wanted to make the Baltic a Catholic inland sea and Catholicism converted Sweden his base, enabling him to attack the Netherlands aspiring to break free from the Spanish Empire and gain a revancy from England which had preceded in a decade of defeating Spain's “invincible armada”.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

The idea was that when Sigismund would be able to restore his power in Sweden, he would cede the fortress of Älvsborg to Spain.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

These ideas were also welcomed by the Pope.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Sigismund, however, did not have time to forge an alliance with Spain: Spain was in financial difficulties, weary of lengthy wars, and Philip II of old died in 1598.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

In Rome, the execution of Missio Suetica had been suspended when the papal attention was drawn to assembling a holy league against the Ottoman Empire.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

In October 1596, the Turks defeated the Habsburgs and Transylvanian forces at the Battle of Kereszt and in 1597 Rome forbade nuntius Malaspina from making promises and tying the church to conflict in the north.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

In July 1598 Sigismund invaded Sweden with the intention of consolidating his power, after which he could appoint Catholics as well as pro-Catholics to posts and slowly bring Sweden under the control of the Catholic Church.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

[9] Sigismund, however, suffered defeat in the war against Charles and in October he departed back to Poland.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

[10] Lutheran Orthodoxy In 1607, Duke Charles was crowned King Charles IX of Sweden.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

He set about building Sweden a pure-learning Lutheran country and extended state control to the mundane lives of his subjects.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

In 1609, Charlemagne made the Law of Moses, a harsh religious law that imposed the death penalty for dozens of crimes, an official law.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Anything referring to Catholicism was weeded out.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

The death penalty was imposed for conversion to Catholicism and secret Catholics and Jesuits were persecuted because they were feared to carry out a revolution in Sweden.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

The Swedish Counter-Reformation was no longer on a few young people.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

The Catholics who were caught were executed, but before that they were tortured.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Such a harsh punishment was otherwise rare.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

[11] With the advent of strict Lutheran orthodoxy, Lutheranism became definitively established in Sweden in the 17th century.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

[1] Swedish Counter-Reformation Research Scientific research on the Counter-Reformation begins in the 19th century First unbiased research on the Swedish Counter-Reformation was attempted by Augustin Theiner, who published between 1838 and 1839 a two-volume work Schweden und seine Stellung zum heiligen Stuhl unter Johann III, Sigismund III, und Karl IX.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Theiner was the director of the current Vatican Archives and used previously unpublished documents from the Vatican Archives and the Jesuit Archives in Rome as his sources.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

He also published many of these sources at the end of the second volume of his work, as well as in a separate three-volume “Annales Ecclesiastici” published in 1856.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Theiner's research received great attention in its time, as non-Catholics only had, in exceptional cases, even limited access to the archives of the Catholic Church.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

The study inspired Nordic scholars to search their own countries for sources related to the Counter-Reformation.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

The most notable of these researchers were L.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

A. Anjou, F. Bætzmann, A. Brandrud, L. Daae, A. Fryxell, J. A. Hammargren, L. Helveg, E. Hildebrand, K. Hildebrand, K. C. Leinberg, H. F. Rördam, H. Shück, J. E. Strömberg, H. Wieselgren and F. Ödberg.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Some of their studies have subsequently been criticized, but there has not been much to add to them since more recent archival studies.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

[12] The first Nordic scholar to be able to study foreign sources from the Counter-Reformation was Swedish A.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

G. Ahlqvist.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

He obtained permission in 1883 to reproduce by hand some of the documents of the Vatican Archives.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

However, Ahlqvist died before he could exploit the sources, and they were delivered to Riksarkivet's possession in Stockholm.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

In addition, H. R. Huldt, a Swede, was among the first to study the archives of the Borghese family, but he too had time to die before he could do some research based on sources.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

The Vatican Archives later acquired the Borghese archives for its collections.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Among the more research-significant publications were Antonio Possevino's inscription “Seconda relazione delle cose pertinenti alla cognizione dello stato presente del Regno di Suezia”, published in 1876 by the Italian Pietro Ferrato, which had previously only existed as a manuscript of Mantua Possessed by the family of Capilup, as well as a biography of Jesuiterpateren Laurits Nielssen saakaldt 'Klosterlasse' written by August Perger, which appeared in 1896.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Perger's work was important in its time, but it merely extracted new information from six documents, which were copies of the Jesuits' German-Provincial originals.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

[12] In addition, in the latter half of the 19th century, bibliographical information on the Swedish Counter-Reformation was compiled.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

[12] The study of the Swedish Counter-Reformation in the 20th century at the beginning of the 20th century, the study of the Swedish Counter-Reformation progressed decisively when Jules Martin of Paris and Henry Biaudet of Helsinki obtained permits to operate in several of Rome's ecclesiastical archives.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Biaudet was also given the freedom to assemble a task force of scholars to assist with his research.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

The group was called Expédition Historique Finlandaise à Rome and in addition to Biaudet it included O. Karmin, K. I. Karttunen, Liisi Karttunen, August Pärnänen, Gabriel Rein and Per Olof von Törne.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

The working group published numerous notable works, the most central of which was the five-volume Études Romaines publiées par l'Expédition Historique Finlandaise à Rome (1910—1934).


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

The work dealt extensively with the Counter-Reformation in Northern Europe.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

In addition, members of the working group wrote several dissertations: Biaudet his dissertation on Le Saint-Siège et la Suède durant la seconde moitié du XVie siècle in 1906, von Törne Ptolémée Gallion in 1907, Liisi Karttunen Antonio Possevino in 1908 and K. I. Karttunen his dissertation Jean III et Stefan Batory in 1911.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

In addition to these, the working group draws up concise presentations for several Finnish publications.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

In 1931, a further Études posthumes de Henry Biaudet appeared, which includes, among others, Biaudet's treatise “Fragments d'une monographie de Laurentius Nicolai Norwegus dit 'Klosterlasse'”.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Biaudet died in Rome in 1915, so contrary to plans, the letters collected by the working group were not published and exploited after all, but deposited in the State Archives (now.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

National Archives) to Helsinki.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Several scholars have since consulted the sources in Helsinki, but they have been made quite a bit of use.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

[12] After Biaudet, several valuable studies appeared dealing with various aspects of the Nordic Counter-Reformation.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

The subject was studied by G. Bolin, F. Bull, I. Collijn, R. Dahlberg, J. J. Duin, Th. van Haag, I. Hansteen Knudsen, V. Helk, A. Hofman, H. Holmquist, J. Kreüger, R. Lönnqvist, R. Ohlsson, D.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

A. Seip, J. Teschitel, S. Tunberg and O. Walde.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

However, the importance of these studies was not so great as that of the Finnish Working Group's study.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

[12] Inspired by Henry Biaudet, Professor Oluf Kolsrud and Jesuit priest Johannes Metzler collected sources on the Counter-Reformation in the Nordic countries.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

[12] Kolsrud collected a huge number of photocopies and excerpts from sources dealing with the Catholic Church's attempt to restore the Catholic faith in the Nordic countries.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

The earliest sources are from the 1530s and the latest date to 1809.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Kolsrud collected the collection for about thirty years and it includes sources from all over Europe, but especially from the archives of the Vatican and the Jesuits.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

The collection contains not only official documentaries, but also their sketches and outlines.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Kolsrud himself wrote only two short articles based on sources.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

He died in 1945.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

The collection was organised with public funds and is called Oluf Kolsruds Diplomatariesamling til Motreformasjonens Historie i Norden.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

[13] Metzler, on the other hand, collected over two hundred folders and boxes of varying sizes of photocopies, reproductions, German doses and abstracts of documents dealing with the Counter-Reformation not only in Sweden, but also in other Nordic countries and northern Germany.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

There are documents from more than four hundred years, from the Reformation to Metzler's own time.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

The collection includes several directories that sort documents alphabetically and by topic.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Metzler died in 1946 and the collection was archived in the Jesuits' Cologne Archives.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

[12] The first in-depth study of the Swedish Counter-Reformation is Oskar Garstein's five-volume Rome and the Counter-Reformation in Scandinavia (1963—1992).


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Garstein's research refuted many of the old beliefs of Lutheran church history, but did not gain a very large readership.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

[14] The research is mainly based on sources collected by Oluf Kolsrud.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

[12] Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Garstein, Oskar| title= Rome and the Counter-Reformation in Scandinavia.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Volume 1 (1539—1583) | publisher = Universitetsforlaget| year = 1963| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.}


Question: Who led the Counter-Reformation in Sweden?

Counter-Reformation in Sweden

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lapland, Mirkka| title = Wolf Fair | publisher = Bridge| year = 2009}} References Category:Church History Category:Swedish History


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

The elk (Alces alces) is a species of large-bodied mammal in the deer family that lives in the northern coniferous forest zone in Europe and western Asia.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

In North America and Asia, the “Alces americanus” living east of the Yenisei is a different species according to contemporary conception.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

The elk is the largest species in its tribe, and the bull can weigh more than 700 kilograms.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

Deer buds have full-bodied pitchfork or shovel horns.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

Elks feed on both aquatic plants and dry land plants.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

They can cause bad forest destruction by eating branches and bark and folding tree tops.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

Today, elk has almost no enemies other than man: moose are hunted and die in traffic.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

Appearance, size and description Moose, together with its American close species, is the largest of the deer species that live today, with an adult weighing 200—825 kilograms.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

The body can be three feet long and 2.3 feet high at the shoulders.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

The tail is only 5—12 centimeters long.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

The male is clearly bigger than the female, and only the male has horns.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

[1] The distinctive appearance of the moose includes hump shoulders, a wide drooping turf and a beard hanging under the neck, or bell.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

The legs are long and the hooves are wide, which facilitates movement in the snow.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

The color of the fur varies from blackish brown to reddish-brown.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

The legs and abdomen are paler.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

The winter coat, which crows away in spring, is lighter in colour than summer hair.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

Young vasas are reddish-brown.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

[1] Elk buds have full-bodied antlers, which recur annually as old ones fall during the winter.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

New horns grow during the summer initially under velvet-like leather.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

[1] Distribution and habitat Elk live in northern Eurasia.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

Its distribution extends to Scandinavia and Finland in the west, Poland and the southern Czech Republic, Ukraine in the south, northern Kazakhstan, northern China and possibly Mongolia, and in the east Russia to the Siberian Yenisei River [2] [3] and the Lower Mountains.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

In the south, the distribution is mostly limited to the forest steppe zone, but along river valleys the species was able to spread quite deep into the steppe proper.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

[4] The species has also been occasionally found in Germany, Croatia, Hungary and Romania.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

The isolated population that once lived in northern Austria is likely to have disappeared.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

Due to its wide distribution and abundant numbers, the elk has been assessed as vibrant as a species in the IUCN Endangered Classification.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

[2] [3] In 2005, it was estimated that there were around one and a half million moose in total, including half a million in Europe.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

Of them, there were about 340 thousand in Sweden, 110 thousand in Finland, ten thousand in Estonia, 2800 in Poland, and fifty in the Czech Republic.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

[2] Elk habitat is forests of the Northern Conifer Forestry Zone and Temperate Zone.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

[5] In the northern range, moose regularly use the bush tundra in summer.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

Some individuals are also left to overwinter in the scrubby river valleys of the tundra.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

Elk who spend their summers in the fjords along the Arctic Ocean coast also migrate inland to overwinter.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

[4] Elk willingly live in uniform young coniferous and mixed forests.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

Elk may also live relatively close to sparsely populated areas.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

[6] Subspecies and close relatives Previously, the elk living in both the Americas and Eurasia was counted as one species of “Alces alces”, the only species in its genus “Alces”, with 6—7 subspecies.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

[7] In western parts of Eurasia, European deer (Alces alces alces alces), Siberian deer (A. a. pfitzenmayeri) and manchurian deer (A. a. cameloides) in eastern Asia and eastern Canada deer (A. a. americana), western chicken deer (A. a. andersoni), shirashdeer (A. a. shirasi)) and the largest-sized subspecies, Alaskan deer (A. a.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

gigas).


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

[7] The moose of America and Eurasia have now been separated into two distinct species because they differ in their karyotype, body size and structure, skull features, proportions, colouration and antler dimensions.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

[2] [3] In Europe and in Asia west of the Yenisei River, elk (Alces alces) live, and in North America and east of the Yenisei, Alces americanus.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

[8] [9] In the broad frontier areas of their distribution in the upper reaches of the Yenisei, Mongolia and China, these species may be found in the same areas, where they also interbreed.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

[2] [8] There are two subspecies of each species.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

[8] Elk subspecies under the current classification are Alces alces alces and A. alces caucasicus, [3] the latter of which is extinct.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

[10] Lifestyles and Behavior Elks live mostly alone, but may form small, not very solid groups in winter.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

[1] In spring, as the vasow-age approaches, females leave the group and the previous year's vasa is separated from its mother.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

At the same time, male deer are also scouring areas where they receive a lot of nutrition.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

[11] On average, moose migrate between 15 and 25 km in spring and autumn.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

Young elk can make much longer migrations.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

[12] With their wide hooves, moose can walk agile even on soft ground.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

Elks are also good at swimming and can migrate to islands up to miles away.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

[11] Foraging Elks tend to be most active around morning and dusk.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

They eat many trees, shrubs and grass-stemmed plants.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

In winter, their diet includes tonsils and tree bark.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

[1] Of the tree species, the most popular are iron birch in summer, pine in winter.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

[13] In summer, elks store food for the autumn breeding season, and they eat most of their time, up to 50 kilograms per day.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

In winter, the daily amount of food is only 8-16 kilograms.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

[11] Reproduction Elk's estrus period is autumn.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

Male deer compete for the popularity of females with spectacular performances, and sometimes they fight each other.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

[1] A male ready for mating pits a “horny pit” in the ground and urinates into it.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

The female sniffs the pit and might urinate in it too.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

The smell of urine from the horny pit informs the moose of another individual's mating readiness.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

[14] The female gives birth to one or two vasas in spring or early summer.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

There's also been a number of threes.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

The newborn vasa weighs 11—16 kilograms.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

It follows its mother for a year until the mother drives it away around the time the new vasa is born.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

[1] Elk and human Hunting Elk is the most significant game animal in Finland.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

In the second half of the 19th century, the elk population declined rapidly to the brink of extinction due to excessive hunting in Finland.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

In the 1920s, the stock is thought to have numbered only a couple of hundred individuals throughout the country, with poaching as the main threat.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

As a result of conservation efforts, the elk population went into rapid growth in the 1930s.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

[15] In Finland, moose hunting is usually practiced in entourages.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

The hunting area must be at least 1,000 hectares, and members of the troupe must wear orange.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

Drivemen walking the chain, who may be accompanied by driving dogs, startle the elks into motion towards passport men waiting with rifles.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

Other hunting methods include stopping elk with the help of a barking elk dog, stalking near a dining place, and tracking them with a snow trail.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

[16] Elk groups often hunt on lands where hunting clubs have contracted with landowners.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

In addition to private landowner lands, hunting clubs or elk parties may apply for permits to hunt moose on state lands.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

[17] Today, the population of elk is regulated by planned hunting.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

Deer hunting is authorised and licensed between the last Saturday in September and 31 December.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

In 2011, more than 55000 dump permits were issued; with one permit, one permit is allowed to shoot either an adult elk or two ledges.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

[18] In Sweden, the moose hunting season continues from October to the end of January; there are some differences in different counties.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

[19] From 2005 to 2015, Finland's elk population decreased by about half, with a goal of a winter population of 77000 individuals.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

The authorisation process aims to steer the gender distribution of the elk stock more even.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

[20] Venison is lean and contains a high proportion of protein and minerals and some vitamins.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

From it you can prepare a variety of dishes.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

Eating moose liver is not recommended, as moose get heavy metals from their nutrition which accumulate in the liver.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

[21] Traffic In a collision between a vehicle and a moose, serious damage is most often caused to both, and sometimes also to the people who were travelling in the vehicle.


Question: By what other name is the temperate zone of the Earth called?

Moose

Long limbs and large size make the moose dangerous for traffic.