Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

However, in 1962, General Ne Win led a military coup that brought to power a foreign-hostile military junta that declared the country socialist.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[5] The country's name was changed to the Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma in 1974, when a new constitution transferred power from the military to the People's Assembly led by Ne Win.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[4] [11] Protests in 1988— Within the 1980s, the economy of the formerly prosperous country collapsed.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

The resignation of the country's longtime ruler, Ne Win, in July 1988, prompted hundreds of thousands of people calling for democracy and the immediate resignation of the military government to the demonstrations.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

The protests started at universities.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

The so-called 8-8-88 uprising began on August 8, 1988.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

The protests were violently suppressed by the government and more than 1000 protesters were killed by the army at the time.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

After the massacre, Gen. Aung San's daughter, Aung San Suu Kyi, rose to the leadership of protesters and the opposition.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[5] Army General Saw Maung ousted the BSPP, the socialist party that had ruled until then, and formed a junta calling itself the “State Law and Order Restoration Council” (SLORC), which suppressed the protests.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

An estimated 3000 were killed in these actions and 10,000 students were forced to flee to the countryside.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[5] In 1989, the military regime changed the name of the country from Burma to Myanmar and the capital Rangoon became Yangon.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

The international community has widely condemned Myanmar's military regime and its human rights abuses, including the bloody breaking up of student protests and forced migration of ethnic minority Shan and Karen.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

The junta ruled through martial law until May 1990, when parliamentary elections were held.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

The National Movement for Democracy (NLD), led by Suu Kyi, gained victory and 392 out of 485 seats, despite being under house arrest.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

The military junta refused to accept the result and dissolved the parties and imprisoned activists.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[5] Aung San Suu Kyi was awarded the 1991 Nobel Peace Prize for her dedication to peaceful change.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

He was not released from house arrest until 1995.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

In 1992, under Jo Ne Win, Than Shwe, who served as a member of the BSPP Central Committee and Deputy Defence Minister, replaced Saw Maung at the head of the junta and as prime minister.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[11] In 2000, the government began negotiations with the opposition led by Aung San Suu Kyi, resulting in the release of political prisoners.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Suu was allowed to leave her home in May 2002, after which she travelled around the country until she was re-grounded after a year.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[5] Protests and the end of the military junta The biggest expressions of interest since 1988 began in August 2007.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[13] They were attended by more than a hundred thousand people.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[14] The new constitution was adopted in May 2008.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

The vote had to be postponed for a couple of weeks because Tropical Cyclone Nargis struck southern parts of Myanmar.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[15] In the November 2010 parliamentary elections, the USDP party backed by the military junta won up to 80% of the parliamentary seats.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[16] Thein Sein, the leader of the USDP party, was elected President by Parliament, and he was sworn in on 30 March 2011.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

At the same time, the military junta that governed the country was


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[17] Unrest in the border region In 2012, unrest broke out in Rakhine State between Buddhists and Rohingya Muslims.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

About 140,000 of the country's 1.1 million Rohingya were forced into refugee camps as a result of the 2012 unrest.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

They have been stripped of their civil rights.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

In 2015, tens of thousands fled as boat refugees to neighbouring countries.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[18] In the autumn of 2016, the Rohingya insurgency movement attacked border posts.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

The Myanmer military responded with its own anti-terrorism clean-up operation.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

The army also retaliated against the guerrillas by attacking villages of Rohinghya civilians, which it burned and killed civilians.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Tens of thousands of civilians fled violence in late 2016.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

In December 2016, a total of 23 of the world's most visible human rights influencers, including 13 Nobel Prize winners, asked the U.N. Security Council to address ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity in western Myanmar.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

The army is reportedly attacking civilians in Rakhine state, whose territory has been severely restricted from access for journalists and aid workers.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[19] The unrest continued for about a year.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

The Rohingya carried out a strong counterattack in August 2017, targeting mainly police stations, but also Buddhist civilians.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

This is why the government started a giant operation that resulted in hundreds of thousands of Rohingya fleeing the country.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

The country's military even killed hundreds of civilians at once.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

After a long delay, Aung San finally condemned all violence used in the country.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

The U.N. Security Council condemned the brutal extracts used by Myanmar government forces as crimes against humanity.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Myanmar and Bangladesh agreed on the return of Rohingya refugees in November 2017.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Geography The central part of Myanmar around the Iravadi River is lowland.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

The river forms a large, peninsular estuary, separating from the mainland, on the eastern side of which the Gulf of Martaban is protruded to the east.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

In the western part of the country lies the narrow Arakan Mountains coastal mountain range with the Chin Mountains as its northern extension, the Shan Highlands in the eastern part and the Tibetan highlands beginning in the very northernmost part, where Myanmar's highest mountain Hkakabo Razi (5881m) is also located.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Another significant river Salween flows through the Shan massif and on the border with Laos in turn passes through the Mekong.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

From the Gulf of Martaban, Myanmar continues south as a long and narrow strip along the Malaka Peninsula all the way to the tenth parallel.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Myanmar has a coastline of about 1900 kilometers.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[20] There is drier shrubby vegetation in the central part of the country and subtropical and temperate rainforest in the highlands.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

The river estuaries have swamps and mangrove forest.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

In 1989, about half of Myanmar's area was covered by forest, but the forest was felled faster than it could regenerate naturally.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[21] The population is concentrated in the area of three major river valleys [22], as well as in particular in the Iravadi Delta, where the country's largest city, Yangon with a population of more than five million people, is also located.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Along Iravad in the arid central part of the country is the second largest city Mandalay (1.4 million, in 2010).


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[23] [24] The administrative capital of the country is Naypyidaw, [20] which has only recently been built in the interior of the country 320 km from Yangon.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[25] Climate Myanmar is dominated by a tropical monsoon climate.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Especially in summer, coastal areas receive very abundant rainfall.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Winters from December to April are drier, as are the interior parts of the country.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Vegetation is in coastal areas and southern parts of rainforest changing to monsoon forest further north.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Tropical cyclones regularly pass over Myanmar, and cause dire incomes in low-lying coastal areas.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

In May 2008, Tropical Cyclone Nargis pounded thousands.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Prior to that, the area has raged e.g.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Tropical Cyclone Akash in 2007 and Tropical Cyclone Mala in 2006.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

The 1991 Bangladesh cyclone extended its ravages to the Myanmar side as well.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Before Narg, Myanmar's most destructive cyclone occurred in 1926, when it killed 2700 lives, according to UN statistics.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[26] [27] Politics Myanmar shifted in early 2011 to civilian rule after nearly fifty years of military rule.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Western countries and the opposition saw the election as dishonest and the transfer of power ostensible.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

About 20 military leaders gave up their positions just before the parliamentary elections in order to stand as civilian candidates, and these former military leaders were then elected to all major posts such as speaker of parliament, president, vice president and ministers.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[28] In the November 2010 parliamentary elections, the USDP party backed by the military junta won up to 80% of the parliamentary seats.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[16] Thein Sein, the leader of the USDP party, was elected President by Parliament, and he was sworn in on 30 March 2011.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

At the same time, the military junta that governed the country was


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[17] In the November 2015 general election, the NLD, the National Alliance for Democracy led by Aung San Suu Kyi, defeated the military-backed party by a clear margin.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

The constitution does not allow Suu Kyi to hold the presidency, so parliament elected Htin Kyaw as president.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[29] Following the retirement of Htin Kyaw due to health reasons, Win Myint was elected President in the Goal Month in 2018.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[30] Myanmar has consistently garnered international criticism for violations of human rights and freedom of expression.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

The military has violated human rights as before, even though there is civilian power in the country.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

The administrative division of Myanmar is divided into seven states and seven administrative regions.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

The states have quasi-autonomous status, and most of them are home to some ethnic minority group.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[31] States (pyi) Rakhine Chin Kachin Shan Kayah Kayin Mon Regions (taing) Sagaing Tanintharyi Ayeyarwady Yangon Bago Magway Mandalay Economy Upon independence in 1948 Burma was impoverished by war.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

By the late 1950s, the economy was already beginning to show signs of recovery until the military junta seized power in 1962 and switched to socialism, nationalizing trade and industry [32].


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

The economy didn't grow when the government invested too much in industry at the expense of agriculture.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Furthermore, the refusal of foreign aid, the inability of the military-dominated government to reform the economy, ongoing internal unrest and low levels of foreign investment led to the country's gradual drift into poverty.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Reforms since the economic crisis of the late 1980s have somewhat liberalised the economy.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Myanmar is one of the most corrupt states in the world [33] and the black economy is thought to be even larger than the state economy.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Official figures on the country's economy are rarely available and even then are considered unreliable.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[5] Two-thirds of Myanmar's working population are employed in agriculture.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

The most important of the crops is rice, which is grown especially in the Irrawaddy estuary and is also sufficient for export.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

The export volume for 2011 has been estimated at 500,000 tonnes.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[34] Among other agricultural products, sugarcane, sesame, peanut and beans may be mentioned.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Myanmar belongs to the so-called Golden Triangle, whose territory is grown rich in opium poppies.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

In 2009, it was the world's second largest producer of opium, producing 5% of the world's opium.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Myanmar is also a major producer of amphetamine-related substances.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[5] Along with agriculture, fishing is a major industry.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Industry in the country is relatively few and the private sector is small.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[35] Myanmar is the world's largest producer of teak.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

There are some deposits of petroleum and natural gas in the Irrawaddy Valley.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Myanmar has significant natural gas reserves of 540 billion cubic meters.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Gas exports are the main source of economic growth.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Of the extractive, tin, antimony, zinc, copper, coal, tungsten and lead are the most prominent.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[5] The Mogok city area is one of the most prominent producers of rubies, sapphires and spinels.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[36] Myanmar's nature and historical attractions, such as numerous Buddhist temples, attract around 650000 tourists to the country every year.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[37] The United States and the European Union previously targeted Myanmar with economic sanctions, but after the government agreed to reforms sanctions were eased or lifted altogether, [38] and the economy took a boom in 2012 and 2013.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

In 2012, the main export countries were still Thailand, India and China, with the highest number of official imports being from China and Thailand.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Official statistics do not show smuggling of timber and drugs abroad, nor grey imports of consumer goods from neighbouring countries.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[20] Overall traffic in Myanmar is 76 airports, 12 of which have a runway over three kilometres.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

There are almost four thousand kilometers of railways.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Port cities are Moulmein, Yangon and Sittwe.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[20] Foreign tourists are practically almost obliged to arrive by air, as crossing the land border cannot obtain visas when arriving from other places other than China, nor is it possible to arrive from sea or river.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[39] Inside the Earth, river traffic is still brisk.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Buses are private and often cheaper than train journeys.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Road traffic has been running the right-hand side of the road since 1970.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

The older cars, as well as used Japanese cars, are high in traffic, and in them the driver sits on the right side.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[40] Population in Myanmar was made census in 2014.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Preliminary results put the population at about 51.42 million, which is millions less than earlier estimates.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[41] In 2011, life expectancy was 62 for males and 67 years for females.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Ninety-four per cent of men over 15 and 86 per cent of women were literate in 2006.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Thirty-four percent of the population lives in cities in 2010.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[20] The population is ethnically very diverse.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

The largest group are the Burmese, who speak the Burmese language and comprise 68% of the population.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Shanis are 9% and speak Shai dialects related to Laotian and Thai languages.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

The Karens make up 7% of the population and speak a language distantly related to Burma.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Other ethnic groups include Rakhinet (4%), Chinese (3%), Mon (2%), Indian (2%), [20] Padaungs and Mokens.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

The Burmese language is spoken by about 25 million people and is written with its own alphabet.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Already since the country's founding, its main religion has been Theravadabuddaism, comprising 89% of the population.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

The other religions are Christianity (Baptists 3% and Catholics 1%), Islam (4%) and natural religions (1%).


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[20] In 2007, it was estimated that approximately 0.7% of the adult population were carriers of HIV, a total of about 240000 people.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

The ARVT medication would have needed about 76,000 people, but only one in seven of them, about 11,000 people.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[42] Culture Burmese culture is a mixture of century-old influences from China, India and Thailand, which is reflected in language, food and music alike.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Art and literature have traditionally retrieved its influences from Theravadabuddaism, but in recent decades, especially in urban areas, culture has become heavily westernized.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Several Myanmar women and men wear a loincloth called longyi.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[43] Both Buddhist and colonial period influences appear in architecture.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

The temple is a central building in rural villages and towns alike, it also serves as a religious school, a focal point for information sharing and sporting events and usually has small market stalls around it.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[44] Rice is the basis of the diet elsewhere except in mountainous areas.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

The main meals of the day are breakfast and dinner before nightfall.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Food is usually eaten with fingers.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Tea is a common drink.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Alcohol is used in secular celebrations.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[44] Burmese New Year, Maha Thingyan: Around April 16, three to four days celebration, which is considered the biggest celebration of the year.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Maha Thingyan dates to the period before the monsoon rains.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Maha Thingyan is celebrated by praying, fasting and having fun.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Celebrations include washing buildings and temples, as well as throwing water over other people.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Water is believed to purify souls before the beginning year.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[45] [46] Sports Myanmar football team was ranked 141st in FIFA rankings in January 2015.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

At its height, it was ranked number 100 in 1996.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Perhaps the team's best achievement is second place from the Asian Championships in 1968.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

About 1.1 million Myanmaris are into football.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[47] [48] Myanmar has participated in the Olympic Games since 1948, but has not received any medals.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[49] It has had the most Olympic competitors in boxing, where Myanmar has been represented by 17 athletes.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[50] [51] Myanmar has been a member of the Asian Cricket Federation since 2005.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

There are eight clubs operating in the country and the number of players has doubled in the last few years.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

Myanmar was ranked seventeenth in the 2009—2012 Asian rankings.


Question: When is Myanmar founded?

Myanmar

[52] Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Skidmore Monique| title= Burma at the turn of the twenty-first century| publisher = University of Hawaii Press| year = 2005| id = ISBN 9780824828974}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Robert Reid, Michael Grosberg| title = Myanmar (Burma) | publisher = Lonely Planet| year = 2005| id = ISBN 9781740596954}} References on topic elsewhere Board Other Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) (in Finnish) Coordinates: Category:42 Asia * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

Horace Greeley Hjalmar Schacht (22 January 1877, Tingleff, North Schleswig — 3 June 1970 Munich) served as Governor of the Bank of Germany, or Reichsbank, 1933—1939 and Minister of Money 1935—1937.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

During Schacht's period, the economy of National Socialist Germany recovered with state-run industrialisation and construction projects, and an arms race kicked off in 1933 following Hitler's proclamation as Reich Chancellor.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

Schacht's work included funding for National Socialist Germany.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

Schacht founded the Metallurgische Forschungsgesellschaft, through which National Socialist Germany obtained funding by issuing MEFO financial instruments.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

MEFO financial instruments convertible into DM allowed for higher deficits than would otherwise have been possible.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

MEFO financial instruments were an invention by Schacht that generated economic growth and were used to acquire weapons.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

Schacht was tried at the Nuremberg war crimes trial, but was acquitted.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

[1] Schacht's mild treatment and release was driven by his colleague, Bank of England, the Governor of the Bank of England, Montagu Norman.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

Youth Hjalmar Schact was born as the child of a German merchant and Danish mother in northern Schleswig, part of the German Empire at the time.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

He received his first first names after US newspaperman, writer and politician Horace Greeley, the third name Hjalmar, which Schacht used as an alias, is Northerner.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

From 1895 he studied national economics in Munich, Leipzig, Berlin and Kiel, and as an exchange pupil in Paris.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

He received his PhD at the age of 22 on the theoretical content of English mercantilism.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

Career From 1900 he was an assistant at the Central Bureau of Preparation of Trade Agreements, from 1901 to 1903 he also served as Executive Director of the Trade Contracts Association.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

In 1903 he took over as director of the central archive of a large commercial bank, Dresdner Bank, from 1908 to 1915 he was the bank's assistant governor.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

After the start of World War I, he served in the Commandant's Office of Brussels, the occupied capital of Belgium, as head of the banking affairs department.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

His duties included securing the operations of the Central Bank in occupied Belgium, as well as securing funding for war reparations demanded of Belgium.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

Schacht, who belonged to the Masonic movement from 1906, published an article in the Prussian Grand Loosh journal after the war began, in which he stressed that the international Masonic movement had never allowed national fervor in its midst.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

From 1915 to 1922 he served on the board of directors of a private commercial bank, Nationalbank für Deutschland.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

When the bank in was merged with another commercial bank, Darmstädter Bank, he entered the board of directors of a new commercial bank, Darmstädter und Nationalbank KG.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

On November 15, 1923, he became the Privy Currency Commissioner.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

In his new position, he contributed decisively to the stabilization of the value of the German currency and the end of high inflation by introducing a new, more stable currency, the “Pension Arc” (Rentenmark).


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

On December 22, 1923, he was appointed Governor of the German National Bank.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

On April 7, 1924, Schacht was also appointed chairman of the supervisory board of the German Gold Discount Bank.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

That bank had been set up on Schacht's own initiative to support the course of the German Reich Marka and keep it stable.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

In the same year, he negotiated for Germany to carry out the war reparations provided for in the Peace Treaty of Versailles.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

Schacht was involved in negotiating n.k.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

The Dawes Plan, in which the amount of war reparations imposed by Germany was lowered and the payment schedule was eased.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

Schacht had co-founded the libertarian German Democratic Party (Deutsche Demokratische Partei, DDP) in 1918.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

In May 1926, he resigned from his party.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

Schacht was a stinging critic of the economic policies of the Social Democrats, the Catholic Zentrum and DDP, which dominated the Weimar Republic, largely based on generous subsidies paid by the state and increased state spending.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

In Schacht's view, such policies would lead to sovereign indebtedness and skew of economic policy.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

Schacht increasingly began to tilt in the direction of the National Conservative parties.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

In 1930, Schacht resigned from the position of President of the Reich Bank.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

The reason for the difference was that the Reichstag had adopted the Young Plan, strongly opposed by Schacht, in which Germany agreed with the winning states of World War I to restructure war reparations.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

Young's plan was opposed by both the Communist Party KPD and the right-wing groups DNVP, NSDAP and Stahlhelm.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

Schacht and the Nazis In December 1930, Schacht met with his friend Emil Georg von Stauß with Hermann Göring.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

On January 5, 1931, he had dinner together with Hermann Göring, Joseph Goebbels and Adolf Hitler.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

He was greatly impressed by the leadership of the National Socialist Party, particularly Hitler.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

In October 1931, Schacht took part in n.k.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

To the Harzburg meeting, where the right-wing organisations NSDAP, DNVP and Stahlhelm agreed to cooperate (which, admittedly, quickly dried up to size).


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

At the meeting, Schacht gave an attention-grabbing speech in which he strongly attacked the monetary policy of the Reich Bank.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

1932 Schacht began to openly support the National Socialists, though he did not join the party.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

He was one of the signatories of a petition by German industrialists calling for Reich President Paul von Hindenburg to appoint Hitler as Reich Chancellor.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

After rising to the rank of Reich Chancellor of Germany, Hitler reappointed Schacht as Governor of the Reich Bank on 17 March 1933.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

At the invitation of the National Socialist Party, Schacht visited the party days in Nuremberg several times and he donated large sums of money to the party.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

A member of the party, he did not join until 1937, when Hitler awarded him and other Reich Ministers the party's golden badge of merit.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

From August 1934 to November 1937 Schacht served as Minister of Economy of the Reich, from May 1935 to November 1937 also General Commissioner for War Economy.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

Thus, his role was crucial in Germany's preparation economically for the Great War.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

In December 1938, he held negotiations in London on the colonisation of Jews outside Germany (n.k.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

Schacht—Rublee plan).


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

On January 19, 1939, Hitler relieved Schacht of the position of Governor of the Reich Bank, as he had criticized Germany's fiscal and equipping policies.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

Since 1937 he had belonged to the German Reich Government as a minister without portfolio.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

In this post, he continued until 1943, when Hitler relieved him of that too.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

In 1944, Schacht was arrested by the Gestapo on suspicion of being guilty of conspiracy against Hitler, who carried out an attentate directed against Hitler on 20 July 1944.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

Until the end of the war, Schacht was imprisoned in the Ravensbrück and Flossenbürg concentration camps.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

After the war, at the Nuremberg war crimes trial, Schacht was one of the main defendants, but was acquitted.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

The American psychologist Gustav M. Gilbert, who examined the intelligence of all the accused members of the Reich Government and soldiers, scored Schacht with an IQ of 143, the highest of the defendants' IQ scores.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

As Schacht had been among the leading figures of the Third Reich, the authorities of the state of Württemberg-Baden ordered his arrest just days after his release.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

In 1947, a German jury court sentenced him as the “main culprit” to eight years in a labor camp.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

However, he was eligible for parole as early as 1948, and in September of the same year the sentence he received was overturned and he was declared innocent.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

After his release, Schacht continued in the German economic life as a member and expert of various councils.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

He defended the central role of the State Bank as a stabiliser of the state currency and the guarantor of the development of economic life.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

In 1953 he founded a commercial bank in Düsseldorf, the Deutsche Außenhandelsbank Schacht und Co., which he headed until 1963.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

In 1965, Schacht co-founded a political grouping, the Community of Action for Non-Partisan Germans (“Aktionsgemeinschaft Unabhängiger Deutscher - AUD”).


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

This was a conservative and nationalist organisation which, on the other hand, wanted to fight against the legacy of Nazi rule.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

In the 1970s, the faction moved in the direction of the environmental movement, and in 1980 it became part of the Green Movement.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

Hjalmar Schacht died in 1970 in Munich, and is buried in the city's Eastern Cemetery.


Question: When was Hjalmar Schacht born?

Hjalmar Schacht

Sources on the topic elsewhere Category:Nazi German officials Category:German Reich Ministers Category:Bank managers Class:German business influencers Class:Exonerated of war crimes Class:Those born in 1877 Class:Deaths in 1970


Question: What is the main source of livelihood for the Inuit?

Inuit

Inuit (singular Inuit), or Inuit (singular Inuit), is one of the two Eskimo peoples, the other being the Yupiks.


Question: What is the main source of livelihood for the Inuit?

Inuit

Actually, we should only speak of the main dialect groups of the Eskimo language, because neither the Inuit nor the Yupiks constitute any unified people.


Question: What is the main source of livelihood for the Inuit?

Inuit

The Inuit habitation spreads out as a ribbon-like chain from the northern parts of Alaska along the north coast of the mainland all the way up to the Labrador Peninsula, and further through Baffin Island to the west and east coasts of Greenland.


Question: What is the main source of livelihood for the Inuit?

Inuit

They speak very closely related Inuit languages among themselves, which include e.g.


Question: What is the main source of livelihood for the Inuit?

Inuit

inupiaq, inuvialuktun, inuktitut and greenland.


Question: What is the main source of livelihood for the Inuit?

Inuit

The Inuit Circumpolar Conference (Inuit Circumpolar Conference) has recommended replacing the Eskimo word with the Inuit term.


Question: What is the main source of livelihood for the Inuit?

Inuit

However, the term is imprecise and yupiks who do not belong to the Inuit self-refer to as yupiks or Eskimos.


Question: What is the main source of livelihood for the Inuit?

Inuit

Spelling of the word in Finnish language The Finnish equivalent of the Inuit word is not very well established.


Question: What is the main source of livelihood for the Inuit?

Inuit

In 1995, the Finnish Language Board decided to recommend the form Inuitti as the primary, but also considered it possible to live in Inuit.


Question: What is the main source of livelihood for the Inuit?

Inuit

[1] Sources Literature Giulia Bogliolo Bruna, Apparences trompeses.


Question: What is the main source of livelihood for the Inuit?

Inuit

Sananguaq.


Question: What is the main source of livelihood for the Inuit?

Inuit

Au coeur de la pensée inuit, (Préface J. Malaurie, Postface R. Santoni), Yvelinédition, coll.


Question: What is the main source of livelihood for the Inuit?

Inuit

Latitude Humaine, Montihny-le-Bretonneux, 2007.


Question: What is the main source of livelihood for the Inuit?

Inuit

On topic elsewhere Category:Eskimos Category:Key articles on screening


Question: Did the Reformation happen in Finland too?

Pentecost

Pentecost is a Christian holiday dedicated to the outpouring of the Holy Spirit [1].


Question: Did the Reformation happen in Finland too?

Pentecost

Pentecost is celebrated seven weeks after Easter, and ten days after HelsThursday.


Question: Did the Reformation happen in Finland too?

Pentecost

According to the Easter rule of Western Churches, Pentecost is no earlier than May 10 (as in 1818 and 2285) and no later than June 13 (as in 1943 and 2038).


Question: Did the Reformation happen in Finland too?

Pentecost

In Finnish, the word Pentecostal has come from the Ancient Swedish words hælgho dagher 'holy days'; in modern Swedish Pentecost is pingst [2].


Question: Did the Reformation happen in Finland too?

Pentecost

In origin and time, Pentecost is also associated with the Jewish feast of shavuot, or weekly feast, which is celebrated seven weeks after the Jewish Passover or pesah on the one hand as a harvest festival, on the other hand as a commemoration of the passing of the law in Sinai [3].


Question: Did the Reformation happen in Finland too?

Pentecost

In the New Testament, this feast is referred to as Pentecost.


Question: Did the Reformation happen in Finland too?

Pentecost

In Finland, Pentecost is an ecclesiastical feast day in accordance with church law [4].


Question: Did the Reformation happen in Finland too?

Pentecost

Because it is always a Sunday, however, it does not affect working time arrangements in most workplaces.


Question: Did the Reformation happen in Finland too?

Pentecost

Pentecost Day is the seventh Sunday of Easter, which again is determined by the old Easter rules.


Question: Did the Reformation happen in Finland too?

Pentecost

In some countries, Pentecost is a two-day celebration.


Question: Did the Reformation happen in Finland too?

Pentecost

For example, Pentecost ranks in Finland and Sweden on the calendar in the 2010s like this: 2010:23 May 2011:12 June 2012:27 May 2013:19 May 2014:8 June 2015:24 May 2016:15 May 2017:4 June 2018:20 May 2019: June 9th Pentecostal as the celebration of Christianity Christians celebrate Pentecost to commemorate the outpouring of the Holy Spirit and the founding of the Christian Church [3], which according to the Bible occurred on the Jewish Pentecost Day, ten days after the ascension of Christ.


Question: Did the Reformation happen in Finland too?

Pentecost

[5] The actual day of Pentecost is always on Sunday, but in several countries also the following Monday, the second Pentecost day, is a public holiday.


Question: Did the Reformation happen in Finland too?

Pentecost

That was the case in Finland until 1972.


Question: Did the Reformation happen in Finland too?

Pentecost

In Sweden and Finland before 1774, the following Tuesday and Wednesday were also public holidays.


Question: Did the Reformation happen in Finland too?

Pentecost

Later, between 1973 and 1991, Finland celebrated not only the day of Pentecost proper but also the preceding Saturday, named at the time the day of manufacture of Pentecost.


Question: Did the Reformation happen in Finland too?

Pentecost

[6] There has been a lively debate about restoring the second day of Pentecost in Finland.


Question: Did the Reformation happen in Finland too?

Pentecost

In Sweden, the Second Pentecost Day lost its status as a holy and holiday day since 2005, when the Swedish National Day on 6 June became a holiday.


Question: Did the Reformation happen in Finland too?

Pentecost

In Norway, for example, the second Pentecost day is still a public holiday.


Question: Did the Reformation happen in Finland too?

Pentecost

Pentecost is the third largest celebration in Christendom after Easter and Christmas.


Question: Did the Reformation happen in Finland too?

Pentecost

Pentecost is a particularly important celebration in Pentecostalism.


Question: Did the Reformation happen in Finland too?

Pentecost

The Orthodox churches designate the actual day of Pentecost as Holy Trinity Day and the following Monday (the second Pentecost day) as the Day of the Holy Spirit.


Question: Did the Reformation happen in Finland too?

Pentecost

[7] [8] Pentecost in other Christian denominations for Jehovah's Witnesses Pentecost has only historical significance in the year 33 share.


Question: Did the Reformation happen in Finland too?

Pentecost

of events.


Question: Did the Reformation happen in Finland too?

Pentecost

[9] [10] Events according to the Bible from the first Christian Pentecost are told in the Bible in the second chapter of the Acts: And they saw as if fiery tongues divided and settled upon each of them themselves.


Question: Did the Reformation happen in Finland too?

Pentecost

And they were all filled with the Holy Spirit, and began to speak in other languages, according to what the Spirit gave them to speak.


Question: Did the Reformation happen in Finland too?

Pentecost

[11] The same chapter of Acts also reports that a large number of Jewish pilgrims from different countries had arrived in Jerusalem at that time, and they were amazed at how the unlearned Galileans could speak the languages of all their homelands.


Question: Did the Reformation happen in Finland too?

Pentecost

Some suspected that the apostles were drunk, but Peter refuted this claim by giving a sermon in which he explained a prophecy in the Book of Joel [12] had now been fulfilled.


Question: Did the Reformation happen in Finland too?

Pentecost

Influenced by this sermon, about 3000 people accepted baptism and joined the first Christian congregation.


Question: Did the Reformation happen in Finland too?

Pentecost

[13] In Pentecostal Finnish folklore, the youth of the Entisaja sang, played and danced at the time of Pentecost [14].


Question: Did the Reformation happen in Finland too?

Pentecost

Among those looking for a relationship for the summer it was considered appropriate that the heila was found by Pentecost.


Question: Did the Reformation happen in Finland too?

Pentecost

“If there is no swing at Pentecost, there is not all summer.” [15] On the Saturday before Pentecostal Sunday, wildfires have been burned in southern and southwestern Finland.


Question: Did the Reformation happen in Finland too?

Pentecost

The most famous folklore spring festival is the Ritvala Helkafest in Säksmäki.


Question: Did the Reformation happen in Finland too?

Pentecost

In Helkafeast, the maidens walk the village roads singing caleva-like songs, helkahymns.


Question: Did the Reformation happen in Finland too?

Pentecost

[16] One part of the celebration was the Pentecostal sauna.


Question: Did the Reformation happen in Finland too?

Pentecost

Birch leaves have come out and new greens can be cropped.


Question: Did the Reformation happen in Finland too?

Pentecost

“Pentecost, Saturday, a new wrath will finally be.” Sauna was also a sauna to raise happiness, we talk about the love sauna, or maidens baths.


Question: Did the Reformation happen in Finland too?

Pentecost

The maiden was sown and the love-lifting words were: “Arise your favorite liehumahan, glory kapuamahan.” In the north, unmarried girls might say, “I didn't get to Christmas, and I didn't make it to Easter, but yes to Pentecost.” One could also praise: “Heilani is like Pentecost.”


Question: Did the Reformation happen in Finland too?

Pentecost

[17] [18] In the Old Finnish religion, the village community organized a bushel party in the spring.


Question: Did the Reformation happen in Finland too?

Pentecost

It is estimated that the feast called Ukko's bushes may have been celebrated 25.


Question: Did the Reformation happen in Finland too?

Pentecost

May.


Question: Did the Reformation happen in Finland too?

Pentecost

[19] See also Whisk shop Sources Category:Christian holidays Category:Finnish Christian Holidays Category:May Holidays Category:Key articles on screening


Question: What was the largest mammoth species?

Aromammut

Aromammoth (Mammuthus trogontherii) was a giant mammoth adapted to cool steppes that appeared as the Earth cooled into the Great Ice Ages.


Question: What was the largest mammoth species?

Aromammut

It was the precursor to the woolly mammoth that first appeared in Eurasia 250,000 years ago.


Question: What was the largest mammoth species?

Aromammut

Aromammoth Aromammoth was truly a giant mammoth species.


Question: What was the largest mammoth species?

Aromammut

The rather complete female skeleton found is 4.7 m long, 3.5 m high and the animal weighed 7 tons alive.


Question: What was the largest mammoth species?

Aromammut

It is estimated that the largest specimen would have been 5m high and weighed up to 10—18 tonnes.


Question: What was the largest mammoth species?

Aromammut

In this case, it was among the largest elephant-related animals ever to live and belonged to the same series in size with Deinotherium, the extinct Asian elephant species Elephas reck, and the North American Palaeoloxodon Colombian mammoth.


Question: What was the largest mammoth species?

Aromammut

The large size of the aromammoth may have been partly due to the mammoth's high nutrient steppe, partly due to the need to defend against predators.


Question: What was the largest mammoth species?

Aromammut

Aromammoth teeth had crowns higher than its predecessor and more mica ridges suitable for eating dry steppe plants.


Question: What was the largest mammoth species?

Aromammut

There are tooth-consuming silicon pieces in the grass, against which mica is.


Question: What was the largest mammoth species?

Aromammut

The species lived in parts of the southern mammoth habitats in warmer southern forest areas, partly in cooler steppes and savanna-like forest steppes.


Question: What was the largest mammoth species?

Aromammut

Evolution The Aromammoth appeared when the climate became colder and dried up over large areas of Eurasia when the so-called great 100000 year ice ages began.


Question: What was the largest mammoth species?

Aromammut

In this case, in large areas south of the glaciers, the alternation of forests, steppes and tundra and these intermediate types began, which developed, probably in northwestern Siberia, from the species “Mammuthus meridionalis”, an aromamoth.


Question: What was the largest mammoth species?

Aromammut

It has been argued that the aromammoth would have lived in Siberia as early as about a million years ago.


Question: What was the largest mammoth species?

Aromammut

Certainly the aromamoth was already 750000—500,000 years ago, that is, during the Cromer thermal period.


Question: What was the largest mammoth species?

Aromammut

It disappeared about 300,000 to 200000 years ago.


Question: What was the largest mammoth species?

Aromammut

The woolly mammoth evolved from the aromamoth about 800,000 to 200000 years ago.


Question: What was the largest mammoth species?

Aromammut

Prehistoric mammals Category:Elephants


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

Fire is a high-temperature (n) combustion phenomenon in which illuminating flames of fire formed by hot gases are generated from the combustible matter.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

It is a noticeable sign of combustion, in addition to heat and possible smoke.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

Flame Flame is the visible form of fire and is formed by combustible gas.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

The light in the flame is formed from when chemical compounds energetically excited in combustion fluoresce their excess energy.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

The color of the flame depends on the temperature of different parts of the fire and the completeness of combustion.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

The shape of the flame is determined by hot gas flows and the fuel mixture ratio.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

The flame can arise already in a few hundred degrees of heat.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

Theoretically, a flame can heat up to thousands of degrees, but in practice without nitrogen cools and dilutes it.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

[1] [2] Use Man uses fire for multiple purposes.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

With fire, heat is produced, as well as light for lamps and torches.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

Food is cooked on the fire.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

Fire is used to clear terrain and cultivate farmland.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

Coal is used to make fire, and wood and metal are worked with fire, as well as ceramics.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

Tobacco and other products to be burned are lit by fire.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

Fire is used to create smoke that can be used to control insects, drive animals out of their burrows or beehives, or smoke marks.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

Fire can be used to cauterize wounds.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

Fire is also used in a very wide variety of ceremonies.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

[3] Firemaking In the earliest times, fire was ignited by friction by rubbing two wooden sticks opposite each other.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

The so-called fire drill was a more sophisticated method of providing the necessary friction.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

Striking with tulus produces the sparks needed to ignite a fire.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

Today, the most important means of fire are matches and lighters.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

Fire is dangerous, as fires can cause great destruction and a person can get burns.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

Therefore, special fireplaces such as fireplaces and stoves are built for the use of fire, from which the fire can not spread elsewhere.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

History The occurrence of fire in nature Since oxygen is a prerequisite for fire, fire and wildfires have only occurred on Earth for a period of time when atmospheric oxygen levels have been high enough.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

Research suggests that the concentration must be at least 16 per cent for fire to spread, with the most effective fire spreading in 21—23 per cent oxygen-rich air.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

Oxygen has been present in the atmosphere for about two billion years.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

In terms of fire, the concentration rose to sufficient levels estimated to be good 400 million years ago.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

The earliest surviving remains of a wildfire have been dated back 420 million years.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

Naturally occurring fires have been the more common in Earth's history the more carbon and plant matter has been to fuel the fire.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

Strong variation in atmospheric oxygen content has also regulated the prevalence of fire.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

Most commonly, the terrain fire has been ignited by a lightning strike, but may also have been ignited by a volcano, meteorite impact, or a spark caused by falling rock.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

[4] Over the course of Earth's history, fire has had a considerable impact on plant evolution.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

As climatic zones favoring fires became more common, some plants developed a thick bark as protection from the heat.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

Some plants developed pine cones, which release their seeds from the action of fire.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

The increasing prevalence of flowering plants has also been estimated to have been partly due to fire, as flowering plants quickly take over squares cleared by fire.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

Fire has also maintained savannas.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

[4] Human history of fire use The upright man learned to control fire perhaps sometime between 0.5 and 1.1 million years ago, though it is difficult to know when it began using fire to prepare food.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

[5] Fire control was a key step forward in human evolution.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

When the use of fire in Neanderthals became more common between 300 and 400 thousand years ago, colonization of Europe during the Ice Age was possible.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

[6] Fire plays a significant role in human history, and may have been one of the first things to be worshiped that man has controlled, at first worse and then increasingly better.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

Fire also appears in ancient philosophy as a major “elemental” of existence, along with earth, water, and air.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

This concept was represented by the philosopher Empedokles.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

[7] If fire was a powerful ally, then water was the enemy of fire that could destroy fire.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

Open fire An open fire is a fire lit in the open air.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

Different types of open flames include campfires, bonfire and pyre.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

There are legal constraints on starting a fire and managing a lit fire due to fire hazard.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

It is not permissible to light an open fire on land owned by another because a fire may occur from an open fire that may destroy another's immovable property, such as buildings, animals, fields, forest, or pose a danger to life.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

During dry and warm weather, a forest fire warning is issued, during which no open fire should be made.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

Campfire is one of the oldest forms of open flame, first used for grilling food, then also for cooking in a cauldron or frying.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

See also Fire Worship Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Pyne, Stephen J.| title = Fire: a brief history| location = London| publisher = British Museum Press| year = 2001| id = ISBN 0-7141-2762-0| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.}


Question: How does fire occur in nature?

Fire

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Wrangham, Richard| title = Cooked by fire: how cookery made us people| others = Translated by Kimmo Pietian | location = Helsinki| publisher = Terra Cognita| year = 2010| id = ISBN 978-952-5697-35-3| language = (in English)}} On topic elsewhere * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

Johan Richard Danielson-Kalmari (until 1906 Danielson, 7 May 1853 in Hauho — 23 May 1933 Helsinki) was a Finnish historian, professor, Old Finnish politician and state counsellor.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

He is remembered as a pioneer of the study of Finnish state history, as a defender of autonomy, a politician of acquiescence in the frost years, the “grand old man” of Finnish academic and political life, and as the political doctrinal father of J. K. Paasikivi.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

Historian and professor Early stages Johan Richard Danielson's father was chaplain to Hauho and later vicar of Hartola Johan Philip Danielson, whose family originally originated in Småland, Sweden and came to Finland in the second half of the 18th century.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

Mother Amanda Lovisa was of well-known Palander lineage.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

[1] Danielson initially attended Hämeenlinna Upper Primary School and matriculated from the Finnish elementary school in Jyväskylä in 1870.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

While at university, he initially studied Greek and Roman literature, but soon switched to his major in history.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

For his first historical treatise he wrote A.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

I. Arwidsson.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

Danielson graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1876, a licentiate in 1878, and a doctorate in 1880.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

[1] A college career Danielson early adopted a political worldview consistent with Fennomania.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

During his field trips to Germany in 1876—1877 and 1879, he was influenced by his historical-philosophical and socio-political views which made him something of a reformist conservative.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

Notable German paragons included the economists Adolph Wagner and Gustav von Schmoller, who advocated the conservative reform line known as catheercialism.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

Historian Johann Gustav Droysen again gave Danielson the subject for his licentiate dissertation on Charles XII.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

It was inspected along with a docent's dissertation on the same era in the spring of 1878 and Danielson was named docent of general history at the university.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

In the same year he was also appointed lecturer at the Lyceum of Vaasa, but he did not accept the post.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

Instead, she worked as a German language teacher at the Swedish Normal Lyseo in Helsinki, as well as a history teacher at a Finnish girls' school.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

[1] In the fall of 1880, Danielson was elected the first president of the newly recognized student union by decree, after achieving a majority of phennomans.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

At his insistence, the leader of the Radical Wing, Lauri Kivekäs, was bypassed when Suomalainen Nuija, a phennomanic student organization, was setting up a joint list of candidates.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

Danielson's tenure at the head of the student union was short lived, as in December of the same year he received a professorship in general history vacated from Zachris Topelius.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

The competing applicant for office was Swedish-speaking Magnus Gottfrid Schybergson, who had received the highest number of votes among Swedish speakers in the election for President of the Student Union.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

Danielson's appointment as professor was considered (language) political and there had been party strife over the filling of office.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

Yrjö Sakari Yrjö-Koskinen, Professor of Finnish History and Head of Phennomanic, who was the opponent, had arranged for Schybergson's dissertation to be rejected and particularly embittered by the procedure was Professor of Art History and Head of Svecomanic C.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

G.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

Estlander.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

[2] Later Danielson and Schybergson became mired in scientific disputes.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

Danielson held the professorship until 1913.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

[1] Danielson was also acting curator of Hämäläis-Osakunta 1880—1881 and inspeller 1886—1903, and secretary of the Finnish Historical Society 1883—1884 and supervisor 1885—1886, 1893—1894 and 1912—1913.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

In addition, he was president of the National Economic Association in 1903 and in 1906 the founding of the Finnish Academy of Sciences.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

[1] Research work Like his political doctrine fathers Yrjö-Koskinen and J. V. Snellman, Danielson's philosophy of history was central to the national emphasis.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

He watched the nation evolve gradually towards the formation of a state.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

Danielson emphasized his predecessors more on the importance of popular forces in historical development, as well as advocating more holistic historiography and a clearer emphasis on economic history.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

The more radical social history developed by Karl Lamprecht, he no longer wholly accepted.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

[1] Danielson, however, did not create a new school of historiography, as time-consuming social tasks and political purposefulness limited his scholarly work.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

[3] In the 1880s—1890s, Danielson participated in the defence of Finnish autonomy through historical argumentation, with Swedish-speakers Leo Mechelin and Robert Hermanson taking care of the legal side.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

In 1889, the Russian K. F. Ordin had published a historical study aimed at Finns' conceptions of autonomy on the conquest of Finland.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

Danielson answered it in 1890 with his own study of the unification of Finland with the Russian Empire.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

In it, he defended the interpretation that the de facto state of Finland was established in the Riksdag of Porvoo.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

The work was translated into Swedish, Russian, German and English.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

Danielson published another 1892 book on the same topic Finnish Independence: Fighting Continuous Attacks, which too was translated into Swedish and Russian.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

[1] [4] The works were aimed at both a domestic audience and the civilisation of the West.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

In Finland, it was also hoped that Emperor Alexander III himself would read the book on the unification of Finland with the Russian Empire, but this did not materialize.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

In Finland, however, Danielson gained the reputation of almost a national hero thanks to his works.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

[5] Political purposefulness and tendency in the selection and interpretation of sources, though, diminished the scientific value of Danielson's studies on the emergence of Finnish autonomy.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

[6] The same national theme was joined by Danielson's next works on the restoration of the county of Vyborg to the rest of Finland (1894) and the Finnish war and soldiers in 1808 and 1809 (1896).


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

The latter of them was a popular show about the war in Finland, which sought to appeal to the patriotic sentiments of readers and contained plenty of citations from contemporaries letters.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

The book was very favourably received in Finland.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

[6] Beginning of politician Politician's career Danielson was in 1881 founding the Watcher magazine and serving as its first editor for three years.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

[1] The so-called Watcher Group sought to drive moderate politics somewhere between conservative “oldies” and radical “young” phennomans.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

[7] They saw themselves in the role of intermediary.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

Compared to old-knee phennomans, the overseers placed more emphasis on the importance of the individual and were more moderate but socially progressive in the language issue.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

[1] The radical K.P.T group had reservations in the Supervisor's circle and Danielson's relations with Lauri Kivekkänen were completely broken.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

On the other hand, the Supervisor Group also criticised the Swedish-speaking Liberal Party, whose programme was already knocked out by Danielson in the first issue of the Supervisor.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

[7] Later, Danielson became entrenched in the Finnish Party, whose program he revised in the early 20th century to make it more progressive on social issues.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

[1] Danielson was elected to the priestly enactment of the Riksdag as one of two representatives of the university in 1885, 1888, 1891, 1894, 1897, 1899 and 1900.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

To the Riksdag of 1904 and 1905, he was elected representative of the Diocese of Porvoo.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

[8] Danielson was also secretary of the so-called Weissenberg Committee, established between 1885 and 1886 to codify the Finnish constitutions.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

[1] The first period of repression since the repressive period began, Danielson, like Yrjö-Koskinen, advocated a line of acquiescence, which both felt was the only way to come to terms with Russia.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

In contrast to Yrjö-Koskinen, Danielson, though, saw the question as more practical and advocated a somewhat more flexible “relative” acquiescence, as he felt that cooperative relations had to be maintained even with the Young Finns who supported constitutionalism.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

In a pamphlet he published in 1901 Which Way?


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

he called for state action to increase social equality and improve the status of the lower social classes.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

[1] In the same piece he also outlined the rationale for a moderate policy of acquiescence towards Russia.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

[3] Because of this, Danielson, with the publication of the book, lost most of his previous reputation as a “national hero” in the eyes of constitutionalists, but the work made him a correspondingly more acceptable person to Russians.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

[9] After Yrjö-Koskinen died in 1903, Danielson was named the new leader of the Finnish Party.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

In the same year he received the title of State Councilor and became Acting Deputy Chancellor of the university due to his constitutional opinions in place of Thiodolf Rhine, who had been forced to resign.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

This marked Danielson even worse as a Finnish acquiescence man.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

[1] However, he was regarded by the university leadership as a lesser evil than the replacement chancellor chosen by Governor-General Bobrikov, who had been the alternative.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

[9] In 1904, Danielson was notified, but he never applied for introduction to the House of the Order, as in a constitutionalist dominated nobility it would have been difficult for him to influence in the Reichstag.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

[8] In the same year, he was appointed a member of the so-called Tagantsev Committee, which was supposed to accurately define the governmental relations between Finland and Russia and the border drawing between the general national and internal Finnish legislation.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

However, the committee's activities were decided in the fall of 1906


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

[1] Danielson was also a member of the Hermanson Committee which prepared parliamentary reform in 1905—1906.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

[1] As the separation of the Rhine was considered one of the wrongs of the repressive period, there were calls in public during the grand strike of 1905, and especially after Danielson's resignation from the post of deputy chancellor.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

However, he delayed his resignation until February 1906, when the Minister of State for Finland and, at the same time, the Acting Chancellor of the University changed.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

Following Danielson's resignation, Rein returned to the position.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

[10] In a major name change on May 12, 1906, Danielson changed his surname to Danielson-Kalmar.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

The squid name came from the name of a house owned by his grandfather in Saarijärvi.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

[1] Daniel Filip Danielson, who died in 1851, served as Crown Vouty of Korsholma East and owned a couple of other farms on Saarijärvi.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

[11] He had purchased the Kalmar farm in 1819.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

[12] For the last years of autonomy, Danielson-Kalmari was from 1907 to 1917 as a Finnish Party MP from the southern constituency of Häme County.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

[13] He entered 1908 as a Senator without portfolio in the Hjelt Senate joint between Nuor and Old Finns.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

The Young Finns resigned from the Senate as early as the following spring and the Old Finns, who were left in charge alone, experienced electoral defeat.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

As a result, they too decided to resign in the fall of 1909.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

The intention was to avoid isolation from other parties in the first period of repression and to be branded pro-Russian.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

Danielson-Squid was among the key backers of the line change in the party.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

He now considered the acquiescence line to have failed and saw constitutionalism as the only option.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

During the second period of repression, he also took a small position on the constitutionality and passive resistance of the Finnish Party.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

Violation of the line espoused by the late Yrjö-Koskinen and his sons led to anti-Danielson-Kalmar attacks within the party, but by 1913 he had old-line supporters ousted from the party.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

[1] In 1917, Danielson-Squid, like other old conservatives, held back the hopes of independence, citing realpolitics.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

After the October Revolution, however, he was in the process of demanding independence for Finland.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

[1] Honorary old man after Finland gained independence, Danielson-Kalmari remained sidelined from politics, but took an active position on the issues he experienced as important.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

During the 1918 Statesmanship Controversy, he was pro-King as well as pro-German and toured the country giving pro-monarchy political science presentations.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

During the dispute over the ownership of Åland in 1920, he wrote a history study in which “proved” the island group belonged to Finland.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

Danielson-Kalmar's opinions were considered authoritative, though due to their old-ness they were also often ignored.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

The civil war permanently changed his worldview to be more right-wing, and he appeared strongly in 1930 as a supporter of the Lapuan movement.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

[1] Of the parties he supported the Coalition.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

[14] Elevated to something of the nation's “grand old man”, Danielson-Kalmari also served as chancellor of the University of Turku from 1921 to 1926 and was a presidential elector in the 1925 elections.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

He was conferred an honorary Doctor of Philosophy by the University of Turku in 1927.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

[1] He compiled his still exploratory life's work in an 11-volume series of works on Finnish state and social life in the 18th and 19th centuries, which appeared in 1920—1933.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

In his final years, Danielson-Kalmari moved to his villa in Vääksy and went blind, but reportedly continued to work until the end.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

His death in 1933 was considered the exit of a remarkable great man.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

[1] J. R. Danielson-Kalmar's spouse since 1878 was Jenny Mathilda Heurlin (1854—1938), daughter of Deputy Judge Nils Heurlin.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

They had three daughters.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

[1] K. N. Rantakari, Party Secretary of the Finnish Party and U.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

L. Lehtonen were Danielson-Kalmar's son-in-law.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

[1] [15] Danielson-Kalmari and his spouse are buried in the new area of Hietaniemi Cemetery in Helsinki.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

[16] Significance Danielson-Kalmar had a significant influence on the formation of Finnish political conservatism.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

He adapted the ideas of Snellman and Yrjö-Koskinen to the democratic system of the modern period, adding social reformist features to them.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

J. K. Paasikivi later regarded Danielson-Kalmar as his political doctrine master in terms of his attitude towards Russia and considered Finland's postwar foreign policy to represent the same line of relative acquiescence when applied to new conditions.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

[1] Remembering Danielson-Kalmar was erected in 1954 with a bronze bust carved by Aimo Tukiainen at the beginning of Lahti's Liberty Street.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

In the old research hall of the National Archives in Helsinki, Finland, there is a plaster bust of him made in 1930 by Wäinö Aaltonen.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

Danielson-Kalmari bought a villa called Suviniemi in Vääksy in Asikkala in 1892 and spent his summers there until his death.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

The municipality of Askkala purchased the villa from the Danielson-Kalmar heiress in 1986.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

Today, the restored Suviniemi is a home museum operated by the municipality.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

[17] [18] Works by Voltaire as author of the history of Charles XII (licentiate dissertation).


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

University of Helsinki, 1878 Zur Geschichte der sächsischen Politik 1706-1709 (docent dissertation).


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

University of Helsinki, 1878 Bidrag till en framställning af Englands socialpolitik och ekonomisk-sociala utveckling under XIII-XVI århundradet (official dissertation).


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

University of Helsinki, 1880 Die nordische Frage in den Jahren 1746-1751: mit einer Darstellung russisch-schwedisch-finnischen Beziehungen 1740-1743.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

Helsinki, 1888 Unification of Finland with the Russian Empire: K. Ordin's “The Conquest of Finland”.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

WSOY, Porvoo 1890 Finland's internal independence: To combat constant attacks.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

WSOY, Porvoo 1891 Restoration of Wiipur County to the rest of Finland.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

Helsinki 1894 Finnish War and Finnish soldiers in 1808—1809.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

Weilin & Göös, Helsinki 1896 on the Newer History of Finland, parts 1—3 (eds.).


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

Weilin & Göös, Helsinki 1898—1902 Finnish War vv.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

WSOY, Porvoo 1908 Åland Case vv.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

Otava, Helsinki 1920 Finnish state and social life in the 18th and 19th centuries, parts 1—11.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

WSOY, Porvoo 1920—1933 Enactment of the 1819 Monetary Decree.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

Finnish Historical Society, Helsinki 1924 From the road to national and state independence: writings and speeches, parts 1—4.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

WSOY, Porvoo 1928—1931 Sources (same text can also be read) Matti Klinge (ed.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

): University of Helsinki 1640—1990: Imperial Alexander University 1808—1917.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

Otava, Helsinki 1989.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

References Literature Jukka Tervonen: J. R. Danielson-Kalmari: Historical researcher and teacher.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

Finnish Historical Society 1991.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

Taimi Torvinen: J. R. Danielson-Kalmari as the defender of Finnish autonomy.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

WSOY 1965.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

On the subject elsewhere J. R. Danielsson-Kalmari: Helsinki 1894.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

Digitized in the collections of the National Library.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

(left U.


Question: Where did J. R. Danielson-Squid die?

J. R. Danielson-Squid

L. Lehtonen tomb) ¨ Varola.com Category:Deputy Chancellors of the Imperial Alexander University Category:Deputies Category:Finnish historians Category:Reichstag of the Grand Duchy of Finland Category:Politicians of the Finnish Party Category:Finnish journalists Category:Finnish senators Category:Professors of the Imperial Alexander University Class:Chancellors of the University of Turku Category:People born in 1853 Class:99.3 Representatives of social life Class:Finns professors


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

Lev Borisovich Kamenev (, right. Rosenfeld (); 18 July (J: 6 July) 1883 Moscow, Russian Empire — 25 August 1936 Moscow, Soviet Union) [1] [2] was a revolutionary and Soviet politician representing the Bolsheviks.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

Together with Grigory Zinovyev and Josif Stalin, he formed the so-called Troika, leading the Communist Party of the Soviet Union after the illness and death of Vladimir Lenin in 1922—1925.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

In 1926—1927, Kamenev and Zinovyev were ousted from the party leadership by Stalin.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

Following the start of Stalin's persecutions, in 1936, they were sentenced to death in a show trial and executed.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

Kamenev was Russian-Jewish from an ethnic background.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

Life Career Before the Revolution Kamenev, right named Rosenfeld, was the most born of a Jewish family and his father was a train driver on the Moscow—Kursk railway.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

His parents had been involved in student revolutionary activities in the 1870s.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

Kamenev attended his high school in Tbilisi, Georgia, where he gained his first contact with the revolutionary socialist movement.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

The outlawed Russian Social Democratic Labour Party he joined in 1901.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

As Kamenev, during his high school days, had belonged to radical political debate clubs and participated in demonstrations, he was only accepted into Moscow University on a separate supplication.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

In March 1902 he was imprisoned for a few months for his participation in a student demonstration against the Tsarist rule, after which he was refused permission to continue his studies.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

He fled to Western Europe, became acquainted in Paris with Vladimir Lenin and became a professional revolutionary.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

After the Russian Social Democrats split in two in 1903, Kamenev joined the Bolshevik wing led by Lenin.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

[3] [4] [1] Kamenev was since 1902 married to Olga Bronstein, sister of Lev Trotsky.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

[3] Kamenev, who returned to Russia, set about organising a strike on the Transcaucasian Railway, but was arrested in Tbilisi by the secret police Ohrana and was imprisoned for five months.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

[3] In Tbilisi, Kamenev also first became acquainted with Josif Stalin in 1904.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

[5] During the Revolution of 1905, Kamenev organized railway strikes in Saint Petersburg.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

In December 1908 he took up residence in Geneva, Switzerland, where he worked together with Lenin and Grigory Zinovyev.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

From 1912 to 1914, the trio lived in Kraków, which belonged to Austria-Hungary, near the Russian border.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

[3] At the outbreak of World War I in 1914, Lenin sent Kamenev to Russia, where he instructed Bolshevik representatives in the Duma to oppose the war.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

Kamenev was arrested and deported to Siberia in November 1914.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

Released in 1917 after the February Revolution, he also travelled with Stalin, who had been freed from Siberian deportation, to Saint Petersburg, where at the end of March they formed the temporary leadership of the Bolsheviks.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

[1] Kamenev also became editor-in-chief of Pravda, though he was replaced by Stalin in early May.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

[6] Kamenev and Stalin urged the party to provide reserved support for the interim government, but Lenin, who returned to Russia, rescinded this instruction in his famous April Theses, which directly called for the next revolution.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

[1] Kamenev feared the revolution initiated prematurely would fail and openly positioned himself in opposition to Lenin's new line.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

The cautious line was personified in 1917 precisely to Kamenev.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

[3] Despite this, he was imprisoned for a short time in connection with the so-called July unrest.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

[7] October Revolution In October 1917, Kamenev and Zinoviev were the only members of the Bolshevik Central Committee to oppose an immediate grab of power.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

[3] In order to prevent a project they considered disastrous, they revealed the secret plans of the Bolsheviks in an article published by the Mensheviks in “Novaya Žizn”, which other Bolsheviks saw as almost a traitor.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

Despite this, Kamenev was elected, days after the October Revolution, chairman of the Pan-Russian Executive Central Committee formally recognised by the Bolsheviks as the supreme state body.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

[8] Kamenev called for the formation of a joint government of all socialist parties and in the weeks following the revolution in November 1917, in connection with the so-called Vikžel negotiations, conducted reconcessions in the name of the Bolsheviks, disregarding Lenin's open opposition.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

The broad-based government sought by Kamenev did not materialize, but the left-wing socialist revolutionaries joined the Council of People's Commissars a little later as Bolshevik government partners.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

[9] After Lenin torpedoed the Vikžel negotiations, Kamenev and Zinoviev resigned in protest from the party's central committee, but returned after a few weeks repentant.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

Prior to that, however, Kamenev was ousted on 21 November from the General Russian Executive Central Committee and was succeeded by Yakov Sverdlov.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

[10] Captive in Finland Kamenev participated in the December 1917 Brest-Litovsk peace talks.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

In the middle of negotiations, Lenin sent him to Great Britain as Soviet Russia's diplomatic representative, but he was expelled from Britain after a week already.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

[2] [3] On the return voyage, he was captured in Finland in late March 1918.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

The Germans had promised him safe passage through Åland to the red southern Finland, but the newly arrived Finnish governor of Åland, Hjalmar von Bonsdorff, captured him in Mariehamn as a representative of the enemy country.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

He was imprisoned for one month at Vita Bjorn prison in Kastelholm and later for three months in Oulu County Prison until he was released in early August 1918 as part of a prisoner exchange between Finland and Soviet-Russia.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

Zinoviev and Moisei Uritski oversaw the prisoner exchange ceremony at the Raja River Bridge.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

[11] Career in Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union After returning to the homeland, Kamenev was readmitted to the party leadership.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

He had belonged to the First Bolshevik Politburo, founded in October 1917, and in January 1919 he became one of the founding members of the new Politburo.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

In the same year, he was also elected chairman of the Moscow Council, that is, effectively, the head of the local party organization


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

[1] Kamenev was additionally from 1924 to 1926 as President of the Council for Work and Defence, from January to August 1926 as People's Commissar in charge of foreign trade in the Soviet Union, and 1926—1927 Ambassador to Italy.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

[2] [4] He was also appointed in 1923 as the first director of the new Lenin Institute and was allowed to deliver Lenin's compiled works.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

[2] [12] When Lenin fell ill in 1922, Kamenev was vice-president of the Council of People's Commissars and after Lenin was sidelined in decision-making, Kamenev acted as his deputy.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

After the power struggle started in 1923, Zinoviev, Kamenev and Stalin, elected as the party's secretary-general the previous year, formed an informal leadership team known as the Troika or Triumvirate, whose main objective was to prevent Lev Trotsky and the formed around this the left—opposition's entry into power.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

[13] Trotsky and the left-wing opposition wanted to abandon the new economic policy incorporating elements of capitalism and market economics, or NEP, while the “centrist” of the party represented by the troika advocated its continuation.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

[14] [15] With Lenin's death in January 1924, it was ultimately Kamenev who prevented the disclosure of Lenin's will, embarrassing to Stalin, in order to save his important ally.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

As Stalin pursued mainly his own cause, Zinoviev and Kamenev formed a cooperative duo that remained loyal to each other until the end.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

Ambitious and trusted in his instincts, Zinovyev and cautious and methodical Kamenev have been said to have perfected each other's qualities.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

[13] After Trotsky lost ground in early 1925, the Troika disintegrated as Stalin turned against his former allies Kamenev and Zinoviev.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

Kamenev was dropped from full member of the Politburo in October 1925 to candidate membership and stripped of the post of Moscow-party leader.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

In the summer of 1926, Kamenev and Zinoviev allied themselves with Trotsky, resulting in the so-called United Opposition.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

It was united by anti-Stalin sentiment and a demand for the restoration of the party's internal democratic operating culture.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

In October 1926, Kamenev lost his candidate membership in the Politburo and, with Stalin taking a final blow, in November 1927 he was also expelled from the Central Committee.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

At the December 1927 party conference, Zinovyev and Kamenev decided to save their careers by resigning themselves from all their previous opinions.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

They were expelled from the party but were cleared to apply for their membership back after six months of probation.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

[16] [3] [4] [1] Devastation Kamenev and Zinovyev regained their party membership in 1928.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

Separation from the party and re-acceptance into membership was repeated 1932—1933, where in between Kamenev was exiled to Minusinsk.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

In 1932—1934 he was the first director of the Gorky Institute of World Literature, founded in Moscow.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

[2] When Sergei Kirov was assassinated in December 1934, Zinoviev and Kamenev were accused of “moral complicity” in what happened.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

In a secret trial in January 1935, Kamenev was sentenced to five and ten years' imprisonment respectively.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

[8] [3] [1] Kamenev, along with 38 other individuals, was also charged with conspiracy against Stalin in July 1935 and this time was sentenced to ten years' imprisonment.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

[17] A new, public trial was held for Zinoviev and Kamenev in August 1936, known as the first of the so-called Moscow trials.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

They were alleged to have formed a secret terrorist organisation led by Trotsky from abroad that assassinated Kirov and plotted the assassinations of Stalin as well as other party leaders.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

Of the sixteen defendants in total, five were agents of the security service NKVD, whose false confessions went from evidence against others as well.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

In a secret meeting, Stalin promised Zinoviev and Kamenev that their lives, as well as their families and comrades, would be spared if they confessed in court.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

Zinoviev and Kamenev acknowledged the trumped-up charges, but Stalin betrayed his promise.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

They were sentenced to death on August 24 and executed the next morning.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

[3] [18] Kamenev's wife later died in a prison camp.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

[1] Their two sons and Kamenev's brother and his wife were also executed.