Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

The Progress Party was concerned that the trial had not drawn attention to the inaccuracy of information published in the papers.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Niemelä, as an old leader in the Helsinki district of Young Finns and as an influencer of the Progress Party, was tasked with rectifying the information in court.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Helsingin Sanomat, the main supporter of the Progress Party, sacrificed nearly half of the following day's paper to the publication of Niemelä's speech.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

In this way, the reputation of Ritavuori and the government was purged.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

From right-wing magazines, New Finland, in particular, apologised for its writing.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

[18] Other right-wing newspapers regretted, but writings supporting the murder were also found in journals.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

In some Swedish-speaking bourgeois circles, Tandefelt was even considered a hero and the act was idolised.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Otherwise, right-wing circles publicly condemned the act, but otherwise understood or some even condoned the murder.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

At the conclusion of the fourth hearing, the Court ruled that Tandefelt did not need a mental state examination.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Only Justice Councilor Knut Furuhjelm disagreed.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

The case was adjourned once more for preparation of the defense's final statement.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Fifth and final reading The last reading began on 8 May 1922.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

In the defence's speech, Mr Olofsson tried to convince Mr Tandefelt that he was unbalanced.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Mr Olofsson insisted the activist plan to blow up Russian ships in 1914 didn't come from a “normal brain.”


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

In his view, suicide attempts and mental injuries from torture rendered him unchargeable.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Imaginations of possible government actions accelerated Tandefelt's abnormal persona and led him to shoot Mount Rita.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

The defense insisted on taking these issues into account in the court's decision.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

However, the court was not convinced of invoking such old events, but declared a verdict: Mrs Katri Ritavuore was compensated 1300 marks.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Ernst Tandefelt appealed the verdict to the Court of Appeal because he had not been referred for a mental state examination.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Katri Ritavuori also appealed the judgment because the compensation was too small to pay even Deputy Judge Niemelä's bill of 4751 marks and demanded a reimbursement of 5000 marks.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Turku Court of Appeal The Turku Court of Appeal considered Tandefelt's appeal letter, in which lawyer Olofsson argued that political positions influenced the court's decision.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

According to the letter, the court represented a political stance against Heikki Ritavuori.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

To this claim, the pleading did not provide any further explanation.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

The letter also invoked the right of a political criminal to have access to a mental state investigation.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

At the end of the pleading, Tandefelt asked why, supposedly in full mind, he would have gone to ruin his life, which included a young child, a loving wife and a reasonably well-income household.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

The convoluted case did not receive a unanimous decision and the Court of Appeal upheld the decision of the Court of Appeal by a 2-1 vote.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

One of the court members would have liked to have sent Tandefelt for a state of mind study.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

However, the Court of Appeal increased the allowance of widow Katri Ritavuori to 2600 marks.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

However, the Supreme Court and the decision on the mental state examination Tandefelt did not yet give up, but appealed to the Supreme Court on 28 August 1922 that he still had not undergone a lawful medical examination.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

This paid off and eventually the Supreme Court ordered, at its first hearing after 11 October 1922, to Tandefelt's mental state examination at Lapinlahti mental hospital.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

In Lapinlahti, Akseli Nikula, a sub-physician in forensic psychiatry, examined Tandefelt for several months and made his closing statement on 20 March 1923.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

A mental state study Nikula found that Tandefelt had often been described as nervous and eccentric, i.e., non-normal.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

In Lapinlahdi, Tandefelt couldn't concentrate properly on anything.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

From the newspaper, he was the first to examine whether anything was written about him.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

He was also interested in his own field of news about currencies.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Similarly, he would always ask guests if they talked about him in town.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

He compared himself to Schauman and Hohenthal and said the current government wants to prevent him from gaining national hero fame.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

According to him, the whole Swedish-speaking and most of the Finnish-speaking civilisation was on his side.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

It was only because of the current government that these were forced to condemn his actions.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

When a right-wing government came to power, he would gain the status that belongs to him.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Before this change of power, the right-wing party should fund his family.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Although Tandefelt sought to speak pointedly so that his chances of being declared causeless would increase, the talk of financial support for the right-wing party was not quite contrived.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

In the winter of 1923, a sum of money of 25,000 marks appeared in the Tandefelt family's bank account.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

In 1937, the Modern Day newspaper found out that the money had come from around twenty activists involved in the Ritavuori murder and its planning in some ways.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

In 1932, Tandelfelt subsequently asked the police where this money had disappeared from the family's account.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

However, they had been disposed of somewhere by the account manager and the disappearance case did not proceed to a criminal investigation.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

At the hospital, Tandefelt bragged that he had saved his motherland.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

He highlighted the suicide attempts he made in Katajanoka prison during Russian rule.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Similarly, he claimed to have been the backbone of the Germans and the Finnish army against the Reds.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Tandefelt also frequently asked staff whether he could be diagnosed as mentally ill.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

With made-up stuff and exaggeration, he sought to influence doctors' decisions.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Akseli Nikula stated in his closing statement on 20 March 1923 that Tandefelt was not mentally ill, but at most “degenerated from his nervous system”.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

According to him, the balance of mind had experienced a knock after Katajanoka's tortures.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Similarly, he speculated that Tandefelt might have been in the grip of a momentary mental disorder or psychosis during the murder.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

However, Chief Medical Officer Anttinen wanted to make the swirling and ambiguous closing statement more powerful.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Einar Anttinen had already defended the examination of Tandefelt's state of mind at the third reading of the Court of Racing, so he wrote after the closing statement that Tandefelt was so deeply degenerated that he was without full understanding.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Anttinen sent the closing statement he edited to the Medical Board, which again agreed with the opinion and sent it to the Supreme Court.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

On the basis of the opinion, the Supreme Court found that Tandefelt was without full understanding at the time of the act, but not without cause.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

The Supreme Court commuted the lifetime sentence Tandelfelt received to 12 years of discipline room and he was sentenced to 15 years as devoid of civic trust.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Tandefelt was sent to the county jail in Sörnäiste and was to be let go in July 1935.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

However, the sentence was cut short, and from this point of view Tandefelt's two-step tactics worked.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

At first, he posed as a hero who had freed his people from an oppressor like Eugen Schauman.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

As this threatened to bring him a harsher sentence, he began appearing insane, which reduced the sentence.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

The murder was still under investigation in 1927 when Tandefelt's revelation filled the gaps left unresolved in the police investigation.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Only then did authorities discover the full extent of the case, but so much time had passed that no clear evidence was found again.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

The 1927 revelation Tandefelt had highlighted various issues during the trials, but always he had claimed to have acted alone.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Sitting alone and forgotten in the chastening room, he came to second thoughts.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

After pleading in vain for clemency after only two years of imprisonment from the President of the Republic Lauri Kristian Relander, he decided to tell everything and stop his silence because freedom was not on the horizon.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

He justified telling the truth by the fact that he had hoped his name would brighten as the base of government changed.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

However, this did not happen; the governments continued to consist of an alliance of Agrarian and Progress Party.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

So Tandefelt got tired of being the only scapegoat for no reason.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

He detailed the entire activist plan in two separate disclosure letters.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

[19] In his November 1927 whistleblowing letter to Attorney General Alex Charpentier, Tandefelt revealed his background support, who were the well-known and respected Helsinki-based activist leader pharmacist Oskar Jansson and the cause of the patronage conflict and former head of the Helsinki Patron District Major General Paul von Gerich.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Von Gerich had clashed badly with Rita Mountain and the government during the patronage conflict.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Tandefelt revealed the proportion of activists just as Detective Central Police, led by activist Ossi Holmström, had feared.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

[19] Tandefelt said the whole planning of the project began when he proposed to Oskar Jansson that K. J. Ståhlberg be murdered.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Ståhlberg was one of the most hated politicians in activist circles.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Jansson was unsure of the idea and suggested that Tandefelt ask Major-General von Gerich about the matter.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Tandefelt and von Gerich had a conversation in von Gerich's apartment on Boulevard 3.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Von Gerich announced that he would discuss the plan with other high-ranking officers and asked Tandefelt to wait.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Likewise, Jansson, for his part, began to create a plan when he travelled with activist leader Harald Boucht to Vaasa to meet with an anonymous chief of staff.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

The local director of the Swedish-speaking patron council of Vaasa was the asessor E.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

G. Ehrström and Matti Laurila, a Finnish speaker.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Ehrström knew Jansson, but Laurila did not.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Thus, it can be assumed Jansson had met Ehrström.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Admittedly, these inquiries requested by the police regarding the then heads of staff in the area were given by Lieutenant Colonel Elja Rihtniemi, who was himself a leading figure in the activists.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

[19] After Harald Boucht and Oskar Jansson met this anonymous head of staff of Vaasa, who was probably Ehrström, Jansson discussed the matter further with Paul von Gerich.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

After the debate, Jansson proposed to Tandefelt to assassinate Home Affairs Minister Heikki Ritavuorta.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Tandefelt was surprised and considered Ritavuori too trivial to be put to death.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

However, he changed his mind after reading about Hufvudstadsbladet about Ritavuori's actions regarding the Karelian freedom struggle.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

In this respect, Tandefelt's partial motive was the main motive in the proceedings for the news coverage of Hufvudstadsbladet and other magazines.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

A decision was made about the murder of Ritavuori around February 3.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

[19] Tandefelt did not know Ritavuori from appearance, even though he had claimed so in court proceedings.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

He needed someone to show him Ritavuori, and Oskar Jansson arranged for Selim Colliander, a factory and engineer who was part of Swedish-speaking activists, who had lived in Pukinmäki for this task.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Colliander knew Oskar Jansson from patronage classes.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Tandefelt, Colliander and Jansson met on Friday 10 February at Jansson's residence, from where Colliander and Tandefelt left together on Nervanderinkatu.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Colliander's intention was to show Tandefelt a minister returning to his home, Ritavuori, who would come to his usual time.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Colliander and Tandefelt, however, accidentally fell apart from each other and identification failed.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Colliander was further startled after seeing Ritavuori's brother, Eero Rydman, across the street.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

[19] Jansson and Tandefelt met on Aleksanterinkatu in the stairwell next to the pharmacy on 12 February 1922.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Jansson promised to deliver the gun and retrieved Tandefelt from his apartment a Colt pistol and a package of cartridges he had received as an inheritance from his father.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

The implausible story that Tandefelt explained in court that he would have owned the pistol in question already during Russian rule was therefore not true.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

On Monday, February 13, Tandefelt and Colliander made a third attempt to identify Ritavuori.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

However, the attempt failed when he saw Heikki Ritavuori walk by his wife's side.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Katri Ritavuori, through cousins, was distantly familiar to Tandefelt and he gave up slaying because of this.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

To top it off, Tandefelt still didn't have time to identify the minister.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

[19] On 14 February, Tandefelt met at the Café Esplanade with Ensign Ivar Ståhle, Selim Colliander, and Oskar Jansson, who gave a 1000 mark note to him for his escape.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

With the revelation, the blurry cafe event threshed in the trial was resolved.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

After the revelation the police re-interviewed waitress Elina Setter and she admitted that she also served coffee to Jansson, who had a conversation with Tandefelt.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Setter also acknowledged that Tandefeltin went to sit at a table where three men were already sitting.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

The silence of the café staff stemmed from the fact that café supervisor Ida Barman, after the murder of Ritavuori, had called Jansson, a pharmacist, and asked him if the café staff should tell the police that she was with Tandefelt.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Jansson flatly denied implicating him with Tandefelt.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

The same instruction Jansson also gave to usher Walter Grönholm.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Grönholm identified one of the men as Colliander.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

[19] The departure from the cafe went as the police had found out in their prompt inquiries.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

However, police questioning had failed to establish that Mr Colliander had shown Mr Tandefelt, Minister Heikki Ritavuori, who had descended from a tram at the National Museum stop.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

When Tandefelt found out Mount Rita, Engineer Colliander hurriedly left the scene.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Tandefelt therefore met Selim Colliander just moments before the murder.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

[19] Activist attitude towards the revelation Activists strongly denied being involved in the murder of Ritavuori.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

The activists mentioned in Tandefelt's exposé eventually admitted to knowing each other, but all denied knowing Ernst Tandefelt.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Activists used the same tactics as the Tandefelt family and immediately labeled Tandefelt as abnormal as well as being of little sense.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Major General Paul von Gerich denied that he had met Tandefelt in his apartment, but when Tandefelt could describe this residence accurately, the Major General hastily stated that they may have met on signs of patronage affairs.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

In the winter of 1922, however, von Gerich was no longer the patron head of Helsinki, and Tandefelt had never been part of the patron council.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

[19] Selim Colliander admitted that he knew Oskar Jansson, but of course not Tandefelt, who, however, knew about Colliander that he was accurate about private matters.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Tandefelt knew, for example, that Colliander lived along the railroad, and did not wear the ring despite being married.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Colliander claimed to have been in Vyborg on 14 February to sell products from his plaything factory, even though the factory was not even operational yet.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

The factory had just received a loan from the bank of Ritavuori's brother, Eero Rydman.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Oskar Jansson denied that he had planned anything with Tandefelt, instead deeming this abnormal.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Katri Ritavuori had known from the beginning that Oskar Jansson was involved in the murder.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Mrs Ritavuori had heard two men discussing murder during the trials on Korkeavuorenkatu and one of the men had mentioned Oskar Jansson's name.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

[19] From the General Staff of the Guardian, Ensign Ståhle was reported to have been on sick leave.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Ståhle's alibi was only that he was sick and therefore could not be anywhere.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Court Counsel Harald Boucht denied knowing Tandefelt but admitted knowing Oskar Jansson.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

[19] Activists had one of the best insider rings in the entire history of Finland, and none of them turned anyone in.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Activists questioned by police confessed to knowing each other but gave conflicting information.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Tandefelt, however, they make a concerted effort to stigmatize and place the main culprit.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

On top of all that, many of the activists were in leading places in society, so their part in the murder could not be fully ascertained.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

[19] Three years of police clearances ended on 22 April 1930.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

After Charpentier, the matter had been investigated in the office of Attorney General by Urho Castrén and finally by Albert von Hellens, who felt that it was no longer necessary to investigate the matter.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Probably this decision was influenced by the political situation.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Activists continued to play an important role in politics, and the decision to drop the investigation came at a time of rising support for the Lapua movement and the new growth of activist influence.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Slight and politically nasty revelations would have come up, so it was better to condemn Tandefelt alone and leave the rest of the background investigation undone.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

[19] After the murder, Ernst Tandefelt was granted parole in December 1931 after serving eight and a half years in prison.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

However, he was interned as a dangerous person in the Nikkilä Asylum, where he died at the age of 72 on 3 May 1948.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

[20] Last three-year police inquiries and subsequent history research have concluded that Tandefelt did not act alone, and the murder was not a momentary whim of the low sense.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

What is quite certain is that the strongmen of the plan were the pharmacist Oskar Jansson and Major General Paul von Gerich, the top leaders of the Swedish-speaking activists.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Ritavuori had provoked anger among activists with his actions.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Paul von Gerich and the patron were irritated by Ritavuori's actions to end the privacy of patrons.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

The final straw was when the government and the Ritavuori, which symbolised it, restricted movement along the surface of the border and did not provide clear and swift support to the tribal warriors.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

It was Jansson and von Gerich who proposed to Tandefelt to assassinate Mount Rita.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

It was not necessarily precisely a conspiracy against Rita Mountain, but probably a solid force of support was found for Tandefelt, who offered himself on murder missions.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

All the names that emerged in the investigations referred to the Swedish-speaking activist circles behind the murder.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

This is confirmed by the remittance of activists to the Tandefelt family that occurred in 1932.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Had investigations continued, the activists could have been charged with incitement and accessory to murder, but not conspiracy.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

[20] Sulo Wuolijoki, a Social Democrat MP and socialist politician, and some others have suspected that an attempt was made to disguise the murder as being committed by communists because Tandefelt was dressed in a workers' paltto and asked a fragmenter driver to drive to Hakaniemi.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

However, there is no binding evidence of such a plan.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Wuolijoki knew Tandefelt from political circles through his friends.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

[21] Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Niku, Risto| title= Minister Ritavuori murder| location = Helsinki| publisher = Edita| year = 2004| id = ISBN 951-37-4146-X| language = (in Finnish)}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Risto Rytin related circle | number = Heikki Ritavuori, brave defender of the rule of law (inscribed.


Question: When did Ernst Tandefelt assassinate Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuori?

Ernst Tandefelt

Risto Niku) | location = Helsinki| publisher = Edita| year = 2005| id = ISBN 951-37-4502-3| language = (in Finnish)}} References Category:Finnish murderers Category:Finnish nobles Category:Activists of repression Category:Births in 1876 Category:Those who died in 1948 on the subject elsewhere


Question: Does Särkänniemi have a Ferris wheel?

Ferris Wheel

The Ferris wheel is a viewing point for amusement parks.


Question: Does Särkänniemi have a Ferris wheel?

Ferris Wheel

It is a generic term for a device that includes a large, pedestal-standing wheel, which can reach tens of meters in diameter.


Question: Does Särkänniemi have a Ferris wheel?

Ferris Wheel

There are benches on the front of the bike for passengers.


Question: Does Särkänniemi have a Ferris wheel?

Ferris Wheel

As the Ferris wheel slowly rotates around its axis, passengers move up and down.


Question: Does Särkänniemi have a Ferris wheel?

Ferris Wheel

The name “Ferris wheel” is of Finnish origin.


Question: Does Särkänniemi have a Ferris wheel?

Ferris Wheel

For example, in the United States, devices are called ferris wheel, or ferris wheel.


Question: Does Särkänniemi have a Ferris wheel?

Ferris Wheel

Britain is referred to as the Big Wheel.


Question: Does Särkänniemi have a Ferris wheel?

Ferris Wheel

The device, the name Ferris wheel, is likely to have been attributed to US engineer George Washington after Gale Ferris Jr., who designed the 80-foot device for the 1893 Chicago World's Fair.


Question: Does Särkänniemi have a Ferris wheel?

Ferris Wheel

[3] Largest Ferris Wheels The world's largest world roller is currently (2014) the Las Vegas High Roller, which opened on March 31, 2014.


Question: Does Särkänniemi have a Ferris wheel?

Ferris Wheel

Its diameter is 158.5meters, and its total height with its structures is 167.6meters.


Question: Does Särkänniemi have a Ferris wheel?

Ferris Wheel

[4] Prior to that, the record was held for six years by the Singapore Flyer, which has equivalent dimensions of 150 and 165metres and opened in 2008.


Question: Does Särkänniemi have a Ferris wheel?

Ferris Wheel

[5] A 192 metre high Ferris wheel is being built on Staten Island, New York, which will become the largest in the world when completed.


Question: Does Särkänniemi have a Ferris wheel?

Ferris Wheel

Completion of the device has encountered delays but is scheduled to be operational in April 2018.


Question: Does Särkänniemi have a Ferris wheel?

Ferris Wheel

[6] Finnish Ferris Wheels, located in Katajanokka, Helsinki, is the largest Ferris wheel in Finland, with a height of about 40 metres.


Question: Does Särkänniemi have a Ferris wheel?

Ferris Wheel

It was opened as the first Ferris wheel in the world since midsummer 2016.


Question: Does Särkänniemi have a Ferris wheel?

Ferris Wheel

[7] The largest bikes used to be the Helsinki Wheel of Linnanmäki (1964—1997), the “Giant Wheel” of Finland's Tivoli (1998—2005) and the Rinkeli of Linnanmäki (from 2006 to 2014).


Question: Does Särkänniemi have a Ferris wheel?

Ferris Wheel

See also London Eye Kouvola bike Pretzel Giant Wheel Sources on the topic elsewhere * Category:Key articles on screening


Question: Was Reino Oitti the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Johannes Virolainen (31 January 1914, Vyborg countryside — 11 December 2000, Lohja) was an Agrarian (then the Centre of Finland) politician and state counsellor.


Question: Was Reino Oitti the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[1] He was among the most prominent Finnish politicians of the post-war period.


Question: Was Reino Oitti the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

He has served as the second longest-serving MP in Finland, for a total of 42 years between 1945 and 1983 and 1987—1991.


Question: Was Reino Oitti the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

He initially represented the Kyme county constituency and from 1958 the Uusimaa County constituency.


Question: Was Reino Oitti the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

In terms of the Riksdag, he ranks fourth in his 43 Riksdag.


Question: Was Reino Oitti the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[2] He is also Finland's longest-serving minister with a total of 6169 ministerial days.


Question: Was Reino Oitti the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[3] His first wife was Master of Arts Kaarina Virolainen o.s. Päivölä (1916—2005), and his second wife was agronomist Kyllikki Virolainen, former.


Question: Was Reino Oitti the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Stenros, o.s. Salojärvi (1924—2009).


Question: Was Reino Oitti the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Kaarina and Johannes Estonian's marriage was childless; Kyllikki Estonian had one son from her earlier marriage.


Question: Was Reino Oitti the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[4] Youth and war years Johannes Virolainen was born in the village of Yläsommee, Vyborg rural municipality, about 14 km from Vyborg.


Question: Was Reino Oitti the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Parents Paavo Virolainen and Anna-Lydia o.s. Skyksi were farmers [5].


Question: Was Reino Oitti the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

There were eight children in the family, of whom John was sixth in age order.


Question: Was Reino Oitti the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

A distant relative of the siblings was the writer Kyösti Skyä.


Question: Was Reino Oitti the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[6] After national school, Estonia was admitted to the grammar school in Vyborg, from which he wrote as the first matriculation of his family and his native village in 1932.


Question: Was Reino Oitti the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

After completing his studies in Valkolak, Estonia completed his conscript service 1932—1933 as a general reserve enforcer.


Question: Was Reino Oitti the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

His fellow students at the Reserve Officer School included Päiviö Hetemäki, the later President of the Finnish Employers Confederation, and the later President of the Bank of Finland Klaus Waris.


Question: Was Reino Oitti the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[7] After that, Estonian went to Helsinki to study agricultural and forestry sciences, graduating in 1938 with a Bachelor of Science in Agriculture and Forestry and an agronomist.


Question: Was Reino Oitti the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[8] During his studies, Estonian had begun to plan a career as a university man.


Question: Was Reino Oitti the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

After graduating, he set about preparing a dissertation, the subject of which he agreed with Rurik Pihkala, professor of agricultural economics, on the structure of the gainful economy of small farmers in the Karelian Isthmus.


Question: Was Reino Oitti the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Estonian had time to start collecting material for his dissertation until the Winter War and the loss of Karelia changed both the subject of his dissertation and the direction of his entire life.


Question: Was Reino Oitti the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[9] Later, along with his political career, he received a doctorate in agriculture and forestry with a thesis on the assessment and value of agricultural land in Finland in 1934—38 (1951).


Question: Was Reino Oitti the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

During his studies, Estonian also became involved in the political activities of the Agrarian League and co-founded the Agrarian Student Association.


Question: Was Reino Oitti the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Estonian later speculated the war had delayed the completion of his dissertation by 5—6 years.


Question: Was Reino Oitti the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[10] The Estonian has said in his memoirs that he met Urho Kekkonen for the first time in the autumn of 1936.


Question: Was Reino Oitti the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Estonian asked a fresh MP and minister at the event for rural students to present on the topic “What students today, the people tomorrow.”


Question: Was Reino Oitti the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[11] Wartime During the wars, Estonian's career was intertwined with the fate of the Karelians.


Question: Was Reino Oitti the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

In the peace of Moscow that ended the Winter War in 1940, Vyborg, the village of Yläsommee and the home farm of Estonia were left behind the new border.


Question: Was Reino Oitti the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

During the Continuation War, Estonian worked as an office manager for the Advisory Board of the Restored Area 1942—1944.


Question: Was Reino Oitti the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

The advisory board was tasked with organising the reconstruction and settlement work of the reclaimed Karelia at the beginning of the Continuation War.


Question: Was Reino Oitti the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

When the Continuation War ended in 1944 and the border following the Winter War was fixed in the Moscow Intermediate Peace, the advisory board was dissolved.


Question: Was Reino Oitti the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Estonian rose to the position of head of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs with the task of colonizing Karelian evacos.


Question: Was Reino Oitti the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

During wartime he was promoted to lieutenant and later still in the reserve to captain.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

After the war, Estonia acquired a farm in Lohja in 1952, where some of the evacos in the rural municipality of Vyborg were inhabited, and named it Vironmä after the swimming place of his childhood home.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Parallel to a political career he worked his entire life as a farmer


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Vironperä was a livestock farm until 1976 when, due to lack of time, Estonia had to give up holding cows.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[12] Along with his own farm, Estonia also had a townhouse in Katajanokka, Helsinki.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[13] At the same time, Estonia became one of the most visible figureheads of the Karelian Evakas.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Already since 1940 he was the Secretary of Agriculture of the Karelian Federation, and then as a member of its board of directors and from 1985 to 1990 as chairman.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[14] He moderately supported the return of Karelia to Finland and said that the only situation in which he could take a drink was to celebrate the restoration of Karelia.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

He is reported to have repeated this to both Anastas Mikojan and Nikita Khrushchev.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Estonian was an absolutist.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Early political career Kekkonen's credit man Johannes Virolainen rose to parliament in the first post-war elections in 1945.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

He was soon elected chairman of the Rural Youth Union and vice-president of the Agrarian League, emerging as one of the creditmen of his party's power figure Urho Kekkonen.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Kekkonen formed his first government after the 1950 presidential election and asked Estonian to be the Minister of the Interior, but Virolainen refused, citing his haste in finalizing his thesis.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Estonian's long ministerial career began in October 1950 when he joined the government after his predecessor Lauri Riikonen took over as Landlord of Kuopio County.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[15] On the same occasion, the career of another Karelian-born politician, Teuvo Aura, as a member of the State Council, began when he became Minister of Trade and Industry.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[16] At the 1952 party congress in Sotkamo, Estonian stood against Arvo Korsimo for the election of the Agrarian Party Secretary, but Korsimo defeated him in clear numbers.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[17] In the 1950s, Virolainen was a partner of Kekkonen in all his governments: as Second Minister of the Interior 1950—1951, Minister of Foreign Affairs 1951, Secretary to the Prime Minister 1952—1953, Minister of Education 1953—1954 and Minister of Foreign Affairs 1954—1956.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

During his term as Foreign Minister, Virolainen received the business name of “ignorant foreign minister” because Kekkonen and President J. K. Paasikivi did not tell him about his trip to Moscow in late 1955.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

As a result of the trip, the Soviets returned to Finland the rental area of Porkkala.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Porkkala's extradition document was signed at the Soviet Embassy in Helsinki in late January 1956 with Finnish representatives Kekkonen and Estonainen and Ambassador Viktor Lebedev and Deputy Prime Minister Mikhail Pervuhin as representatives of the Soviet Union.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[18] After Kekkonen rose to president in 1956, Estonian continued as his party's standard minister.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

The Night Frost Board In August 1958, Estonia accepted the position of Minister of Foreign Affairs in the government of K. A. Fagerholm.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

The government provoked irritation in the Soviet Union because the SKDL, which emerged as the largest party in parliament, as well as the left wing of the SDP, had been left in opposition.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

There was a crisis of night frost: the Soviet Union froze economic negotiations with Finland, invited its ambassador home from Helsinki and suggested that the Fagerholm government was unwilling to it.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

As a result of foreign and domestic political pressure, Estonian and other Agrarian ministers resigned in December 1958, dissolving the government.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Serving as foreign minister in the Night-Frost government slapped a stamp on Estonian for decades and was exploited by political opponents to point him out as “foreign policy unreliable.”


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

The incident also struck the first cracks between Estonian and Kekkonen.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Although Kekkonen had appointed a night frost board, he had foresaw boredom and warned Estonia to stay outside it; Estonian, in turn, regarded Kekkonen's activities as two-faced.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Estonian remained in Kekkonen's favour for a long time, but he never belonged to the President's country ally, or K-line.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

In his memoirs, Estonian on several occasions regarded the night frost government as one of the most traumatic experiences of his career.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

While forming the government, he tried to appeal to the Social Democrats not to take SDP party secretary Väinö Leski as minister, but SDP chairman Väinö Tanner mused to Estonian: “What you young man are talking about, now we are forming a Finnish government and not a Soviet government.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

“[19] The Agrarian Parliamentary Group decided almost unanimously — only with Matti Kekkonen's opposition — that the party would participate in the government and that Estonian must also go along.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

According to V. J. Sukselainen quoted by Estonian, the only person who could have prevented the government would have been Kekkonen, who did not, however, effectively enough intervene to form a government.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

For his part, Mr Kekkonen's credit man, party secretary Arvo Korsimo, just happened to be abroad at the decisive moment.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[20] Estonian and Swedish Language In relation to the Swedish language Estonian was still very critical in the 1940s.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

As a recent MP in 1945, at Prime Minister J. K. Paasikivi's insistence, he strongly criticized the language section attached to the Land Acquisition Act, according to which the proportion of Finnish-speaking people in Swedish speaking areas of Finland was permitted to rise by no more than 2% when colonised by colonisation.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Paasikivi, who considered the Swedish language important because of the long shared history between Finland and the other Nordic countries, for his part, harshly told Estonia about his attitude, and after becoming minister, Virolainen thoroughly revised his position.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

During his tenure in 1968—1970 as Minister of Education in the Koivisto government, he was instrumental in making teaching a second domestic language compulsory in primary school.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Estonian also considered foreign language education to be a very important foreign policy direction issue.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

For his merits in favour of the Swedish language, Estonian was awarded the silver Axel Olof Freudenthal Medal and the Grand Cross of the Swedish Order of the North Star, the latter of which was personally handed to him by King Gustav VI Adolf.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[21] The president of the Agrarian Centre Party, Estonian as Prime Minister Johannes Virolainen was elected in 1964 as chairman of the Agrarian League with the backing of Urho Kekkonen and K-line.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

In the spring of 1964, Kekkonen signaled to the Agrarian League that V. J. Sukselainen, who led the party throughout the post-war period, had to be ousted.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

The formal reason against Sukselainen was that he had attended a party of his old Estonian fellow students in Sweden, for which Pravda, the main vocal supporter of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, had reproached him.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

At the party conference in Kouvola in the summer of 1964, Virolainen narrowly defeated Sukselainen in the election for chairman by a vote of 888 to 866.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[22] In September 1964, the government of Reino Lehdo, who became the longest-lived civil service government in Finland, resigned and Estonia formed a new political government, with the Coalition Party, the People's Party and the RKP in addition to the Agrarian League.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

The government's foreign minister and deputy to the prime minister was Ahti Karjalainen, the head of the K-line and future rival of Estonia.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[23] From Agrarian to Centre Party under Estonian leadership, the party changed its name to Centre Party at the 1965 extraordinary party convention.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Estonian felt that the party could not forever prosper only on the support of the rural population, but should apply to the cities and, like its Nordic sister parties, become a centrist party up to its name.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

The name change was actually correct, as the share of agriculture and forestry in Finland's economic structure shrank by 16 percentage points during the 1960s, and in 1970 about 20% of working Finns of working age received livelihoods from primary production.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Tactically, however, the change of name to the Centre Party was ill-timed, as it shocked the party's supporter base.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Veikko Vennamo, who resigned from the Agrarian League in 1959, exploited the niche that opened up in the political field skillfully and effectively when he changed the name of the Finnish Small Peasants' Party, which he founded, to the Finnish Rural Party in 1966.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[24] As Minister of Education after the 1966 parliamentary elections, a red dirt government led by Rafael Paasio, chairman of the election winner SDP, was formed.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Estonian rose to become Speaker of the Parliament, but he returned in 1968 to become Minister of Education in the government of Mauno Koivisto I.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[25] The main achievements of the Estonian Minister of Education were the reform of primary schools and the establishment of new universities and colleges across Finland.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

The years of Estonian Minister of Education were also hit by the 1968 takeover of Old and the radicalisation of the student movement.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Estonian positioned himself in favour of university administrative reform, the so-called man and voice principle, driven by the radical student wing, and featured prominently in the 1970 parliamentary elections.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Electoral defeat 1970 Estonian's attempts to bring the Centre Party to the cities and visible activity as Minister of Education contributed to the poor election results of 1970.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

The Finnish Rural Party, which stressed more traditionally the rural cause, gained a large election victory and 18 MPs, with the Centre Party suffering a crushing election defeat.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

In his election speeches, SMP president Veikko Vennamo described how the Centre Party and its leader are touting the cities at a time when farmers struggle in trouble and the countryside is deserted.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Estonian was heavily criticized within the party, but he retained his seat by promising to return to Aitovier to the party's basic supporters.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

In the 1970s, the Centre Party began to emphasize rural and agricultural policy again.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

In the 1970s, Estonian served as Minister of Finance in Kalevi Sorsan I government 1972—1975 and Minister of Agriculture in Sorsan II government 1977—1979.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Estonian and Sorsa were the guarantors of the Red Mold Cooperation between the Centre and the SDP, and extensive social reform projects were pushed through especially during Sorsan I's government.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

At the same time, Estonia made sure that the red dirt governments implemented strong regional policies and that the issues of the rural population were kept on display in their programmes.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

During his centrist party leadership, Estonian was often criticized for having too close ties to Sorsa, and some of the centrist crowd felt that Estonian was even willing to haggle over issues important to his party's supporters in order to maintain his relationship with Sorsa.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

This was the case at the end of the term of Sorsa's first government with respect to the so-called land package and, in particular, the redemption law that infuriated farmers.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[26] From the beginning, Estonia's troublesome relations with MTK President Heikki Haavisto were practically broken due to a unilateral agricultural income solution by Sorsa's second government.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[27] Estonian gave up ministerial duties for the last time in 1979 and took over as Speaker of the Parliament.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Appropriate dress was important to the Estonian, both in Parliament and on trips, and this is what he demanded as President of Parliament from MPs and journalists who worked in Parliament.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

In a sweater, MPs who came to the sessions, he commanded home to change his clothes.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

In addition, he believes that younger MPs, in particular, would have preferred to develop their skills in foreign languages rather than “futile evening spending”, which would have been well placed in Parliament.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Estonian himself effortlessly mastered all Scandinavian languages, English, German and Russian.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[28] The internal struggle of the centre intensifies at the Summer 1970 party conference in Mikkeli, Estonia was elected President of the Centre for a new term.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

At the same time, K-line's credit man, Mikko Immonen, previously a press assistant at the Finnish Embassy in London, became party secretary.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

At no time did Estonian and Immonen get along particularly well.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Behind the scenes, Immonen started a junta to purge party bodies and the parliamentary group of Estonian supporters, causing Estonian to lose confidence in his party apparatus.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

After the 1972 parliamentary elections, the supporters of Estonia still had a narrow majority in the Centre Parliamentary Group, but in the following 1975 elections, K-Linjans came neck and neck.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

The Centre Party Board and Delegation also gradually shifted to control of the K-Line.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

After leaving the party secretary seat in 1980, Immonen took over as a member of Alko's executive board.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[29] The Estonian's position as Chairman of the Centre remained strong throughout the 1970s, although at the same time the internal struggle between his supporters and the K-Linjalainen who supported Ahti Karjalainen intensified.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

The young Paavo Väyrynen challenged Estonian at the summer 1972 party convention in Jyväskylä, but lost to him by 1784—433 votes.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Despite their vigorous attempts, K-line failed to find a willing counter-candidate for Estonian at the 1974 and 1976 party conferences.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

In 1978, the position was taken over by the then Speaker of the Parliament Ahti Pekkala, who lost the Presidency election to Estonian by a vote of 1611 to 632.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[30] As the so-called presidential game intensified by the 1980s, the internal fixtures of the centre were well established: Karjalainen was supported by the K-Linjans' occupying party leadership — with the exception of Estonian staunch supporter Marjatta Väänen —, the majority of the parliamentary group and the Young Central League, Estonian again The deep ranks of the centre field and a handful of party MPs.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[31] In addition, Karjalainen received outside the party support from the left wing of the SKP and the so-called mountain councils of the East.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[32] According to Kimmo Rentola, during the 1960s and 1970s, Johannes Virolainen, while representing the non-sectarian wing of his party, was in close contact with CIA officers from the US Central Intelligence Agency.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[33] [34] Last decade in politics Midsummer Bomb between Estonia and President Urho Kekkonen began to deteriorate in the 1970s, and he was criticised within the party by the Centre Party K-line, who supported Kekkonta.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

The final intermediate break between them occurred after the 1979 parliamentary elections.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

In the elections, the Coalition had scored a major electoral victory, surging past the Centre Party to become the second largest party in the country.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Despite this, the government was assembled as usual to the Centre Party and the Left and the Coalition was left in opposition.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

The president of the Centre Party, Virolainen, who himself had opted out of ministerial responsibility, was annoyed at the fact that the Coalition, which has been steadily increasing its support, was not admitted to the government in an interview with Kuvalehti Finland.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

According to Estonian, the “general reasons” of foreign policy were underlying, that is, opposition to the Soviet Union and fear of new night frosts.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[35] The Estonian statement angered President Kekkonen, who publicly reproached Estonia, saying that this caused “unpredictable damage” to Finland's foreign policy image.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

The controversy, which took place in late June, was crisscrossed by the press as a “midsummer bomb.”


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Presidential candidate 1982 At a party conference in Turku in the summer of 1980, Virolainen lost the Presidency of the Centre Party to a young Paavo Väyryse, who had quickly emerged as Kekkonen's favourite and one of the figureheads of the K-line.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Antti Mäki-Reinikka, the Organisation Manager of the Centre, supported by Estonia, lost the election for party secretary to Seppo Kääriinen of Väyrysen.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[36] Then John of Estonia said, “The people have spoken, they are talking.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

“, from which the flying phrase arose.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Simultaneously with the Turku party conference, the 40th anniversary of the Karelian Federation was held in Helsinki, with a large percentage of Estonian supporters.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[37] When the result of the Presidency election was announced to President Urho Kekkonen, he said: “One vote would have been enough.”


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

When Kekkonen in the spring of 1981 reproached Prime Minister Mauno Koivisto for being unavailable and called on him to resign, Virolainen positioned himself to support Koivisto, who refused to ask for his resignation as long as his government enjoyed the confidence of the parliament.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[38] The K-line of the party, with its figureheads Väyrynen and Ahti Karjalainen, campaigned to overthrow Kekkonen's unpopular and “foreign politically unreliable” Estonian.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

However, the Estonian still enjoyed solid popularity in the Centre Party field.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

After Kekkonen had resigned from office in 1981 and the Centre Party voted for its presidential candidate at the Kuopio party convention, Virolainen defeated Ahti Karjalainen, who was backed by the new party leadership, with clear figures of 2666 to 1365.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

One party convention delegate voted for Governorate Kauko Sippo.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[39] Karelalainen's loss was a heavy prestige loss for the K-line.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

In the 1982 presidential election itself, Estonian came third behind Mauno Koivisto of the SDP and Harri Holker of the Coalition with 16.9% of the votes and 53 electors.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Estonian has stressed in his memoirs that, despite the confrontation in the run-up to the presidential election, relations between him and Karelia were always good; instead, their supporters often clashed violently.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[40] When Keijo Rosberg in 1982 won the Formula One World Championship as the first Finn and Nordic, the then Minister of Culture Kalevi Kivistö did not organise any reception for him domestically.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Instead, Estonian, who was the President of the Parliament, invited Rosberg for a party coffee while he was in Finland.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[41] Parliamentary elections 1983 When the Keskus Uusimaa district installed Estonia as its candidate for parliament in December 1982, at first there appeared to be a routine election for him.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

However, personal adversity hit his path.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Just in the run-up to the elections, the so-called “Noppa” case began to appear, in connection with which Virolainen allegedly demanded bribes to the Centre Party from Tampere Construction Company Nopa.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Estonian himself considered the criminal suspicion directed at him as part of the rambling act initiated by SMP Honorary President Veikko Vennamo, which he himself described as the nastiest and most unpleasant experience of his public career.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

He was not cleared of bribery charges for good until the fall of 1986; instead, the Centre Party was condemned to lose hundreds of thousands of marks to the state.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[42] The Estonian was himself the target of a bribery attempt in January 1983.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

North Korea's then ambassador to Finland tried to bribe the Estonian so that the Interparliamentary Union (IPU), of which Estonian was president at the time, would have moved its meeting from Seoul, the South Korean capital, to Lome, the capital of Togo.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

The ambassador was expelled from Finland.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[43] The 1983 parliamentary election became the protest party SMP's second victory run since 1970; the party took votes from the Centre and the SKDL alike.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Christians who were in electoral alliance with the centrist had excellent success in centralising votes with Impi Muroma rising to MP by more than 7000 votes.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Of the centrist candidates in Uusimaa, Marjatta Vääänen received just over 6100 votes and retained his seat.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

What attracted national attention was that the 5626 votes Estonian received were not enough for a turnaround; he fell after 38 years in parliament.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[44] The Estonian's popularity also fell due to his 1979 divorce from Kaarina Estonia and his relationship with MP Kyllikki Stenros, whom he had married in the spring of 1981.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

The disputed division of property between former spouses was only completed through lawyers during 1983.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[45] The aggravation of Estonian private life in the old centre field has been seen as having contributed to Estonia's fall from parliament.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

It was no better for Kyllikki Virolainen, who was a candidate for MP in the Helsinki constituency, who remained in the fourth deputy.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

In connection with the 1982 presidential election, she had collected a jackpot for her husband, and in this case his seat in Parliament at the next election had been considered almost certain.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[46] As president of the IPU, Estonian's name had been featured as President of the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) since the mid-1970s, but President Urho Kekkonen was not enthusiastic about this, and Estonian himself did not run as a candidate.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

What seemed in the background was Max Jakobson's failure to hold the UN secretary-general shield a little earlier.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

In 1982, Estonian was elected president of the IPU as a result of an exhaustive campaign, mainly with the support of non-attached countries, but he also received split votes from some Arab countries and a military alliance from NATO member countries.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

The Estonian's opposing candidate was a Lebanese diplomat living in exile.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[47] In the autumn of 1982, a controversy arose over the invitation of the leader of the PLO of Palestine Liberation Organization, Yasser Arafat, to visit Finland.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

The initiative was taken by Prime Minister Kalevi Sorsa with the intention of showing solidarity with the Palestinians after the massacre in the Sabra and Shatila refugee camps that has roiled the world.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[48] At the Inter-Parliamentary Union meeting in Rome, Estonia, who had just been elected, had a chance to meet the Palestinian delegation, but at the same time Pär Stenbäck, then foreign minister who was visiting the United States, felt with great regret that he had been ignored.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

In addition, the Friends of Israel organization, which considered Arafat a terrorist leader, reacted very strongly to the project.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

As a result, no one invited Arafat to Finland, and the mess created was left to Estonia as political ballast.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

With his relegation from Parliament, Virolainen also lost the seat of IPU President after only six months.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[49] [50] Last legislature Estonian did not want to end his long political career with relegation from parliament, so he returned to Arkadianmäki in the 1987 elections and gave up MP as well as politics in 1991.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

In the 1988 presidential election, where Presidential Electors were elected for the last time, Estonian was elected as Paavo Väyrysen's Elector by over 13000 votes, which was his personal record for the ages.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[51] At the beginning of October 1990, Estonia became Finland's longest-serving MP in terms of parliamentary days after passing John Österholm (RKP), the school counsellor who held the record from 1919 to 1960.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[52] In the village of Yläsommee, Vyborg Rural Municipality, Estonia visited in the summer of 1988 for the first time in 44 years.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[53] In 1989, State Counsellor Johannes Virolainen was appointed State Counsellor and Honorary President of the Centre of Finland.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Even after his retirement, he was a prominent figure commenting on current events and supporting various political projects, including Finland's membership of the EU.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Estonian believes that membership of the EU was primarily a security policy issue for Finland, especially in light of the experience of autumn 1939, and he credited Prime Minister Esko Aho with the skillful handling of a difficult issue especially for the Centre fieldpeople.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[54] On the other hand, he later criticised how agriculture and rural populations were treated in EU-Finland.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

In his opinion, Lipponen's government gave European market forces too much control in Finland.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[55] Since the early 1980s, Virolainen diligently published memoir works based on his own notes, which many scholars of Finnish political history, especially the Paasikivi and Kekkonen periods, have used as sources for their own research.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

In his works Karelians in the fates of Finland and Siirkokarelians 1941—44 Estonian described the stages of the Karelian colonists during the Winter and Continuation War.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Johannes and Kyllikki Virolainen opened their home space to the public in Vironperä and were displayed at parties and on the pages of magazines.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

A large portrait of Estonian painted by Russian Ilya Glazunov of Estonia was on public display when he was completed.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Outside politics, Johannes Estonian had numerous acts of trust e.g.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

in organisations and enterprises in the agricultural and forestry sector, the 4H union, the cooperative banking association and temperance associations.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

In addition, she was the President of the Uusimaa District of the Mannerheim League


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Johannes and Kyllikki Virolainen were standard characters in the television sketch series Hymyhuulet (1987—1988), Pulttibois (1989—1991) and Manitbois (1992).


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

In the sketches Johannes Estonian was played by Aake Kalliala and Kyllikki Estonian was performed by Pirkka-Pekka Pettius.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

They depicted the couple whooping at various socialite events or working on different sports, including a ski slope, a golf course and the Olympics.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Estonians themselves welcomed skits with a sense of humour.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Estonian was particularly among the favourite impersonators in the 1980s.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

The actor Jukka Puotila, known as an impersonator, imitated the Estonian who was one of his favourite targets so skillfully that after one performance, Virolainen stated to Puotila: “You are better than mie.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

“[56] When the American soap series Beautiful and Brave began to be aired in Finland in the 1990s, Kyllikki and Johannes Virolainen also became recognized as loyal friends.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Manager Hessu Reijonen brought a series of actors during these visits to Finland to visit Vironmä as well.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[57] Johannes Virolainen died in Lohja Hospital in December 2000 at the age of 86.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

He was blessed in the Old Church of Helsinki with state honours and buried in Lohja.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

A memorial statue of Estonia sculpted by sculptor Nora Tapper was unveiled in 2004 in Lohja Church Park.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

The written archive of Estonia has been handed over to the National Archives, where there are 22 shelf meters of material.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[58] Career briefly Bachelor of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences and Agronomist 1938, Doctor of Agriculture and Forestry in 1951.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Office Head of the Recovered Area Advisory Board 1942—1944, Head of the Transfer Affairs Department of the Ministry of the Interior 1944—1948.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Member of Parliament (Agrarian/Centre Party/Centre Party of Finland) 1945—1983 and 1987—1991, Speaker of Parliament 1966—1968 and 1979—1983.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Estonian was elected MP 12 times in five decades.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Vice-president of the Agrarian/Centre Party 1946—1964, chairman 1964—1980.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Prime Minister 1964—1966 (bourgeois government).


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Numerous ministerial positions: Minister in the Ministry of Internal Affairs 1950—1951; Minister in the Prime Minister's Office 1951; Minister of Education 1953—1954, 1956—1957 and 1968—1970; Minister of Foreign Affairs 1954—1956, 1957 and 1958; Minister of Agriculture 1961—1963 and 1977—1979; Minister of Finance 1972—1975.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Estonian was a member of a total of 16 boards.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Presidential Elector in the 1956, 1962, 1968, 1978, and 1988 presidential elections, was the Presidential Candidate of the Centre for President in the 1982 election.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Member of Council of Interparliamentary Union (IPU) 1960—1967, Board Member 1967—1971 (Vice-President 1971), President 1982—1983.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Works Minutes speak, 1948 A rural outlook on life, 1949 On the assessment and value of agricultural land in Finland in 1934—38, 1951, dissertation Karjalainen Kotikylä, 1955 Agrarian Leading Ideas, 1961 Prime Minister of Finland.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Book Group 1969, Helsinki.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

The only option — the political center, 1971 Who takes charge?


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Book Group 1978, Helsinki.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

ISBN 951-26-1564-9.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Does power have the people?


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Otava 1981, Helsinki.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

ISBN 951-1-06721-4.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

From night frosts to midsummer bomb.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Otava 1982, Helsinki.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

ISBN 951-1-07115-7.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Said Paasikivi.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Otava 1983, Helsinki.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

ISBN 951-1-07641-8.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Notes and mill letters.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Otava 1984, Helsinki.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

ISBN 951-1-08037-7.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

One-vote president.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Otava 1985, Helsinki.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

ISBN 951-1-08731-2.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Power exercise during Kekkonen's term.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Otava 1986, Helsinki.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

ISBN 951-1-09077-1.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Karelians in the destinies of Finland.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Otava 1988, Helsinki.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

ISBN 951-1-10263-X.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Migrant Karelians 1941—44.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Otava 1989, Helsinki.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

ISBN 951-1-10921-9.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Last election cycle.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Otava 1991, Helsinki.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

ISBN 951-1-11995-8.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

By the trail.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Otava 1993, Helsinki.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

ISBN 951-1-12763-2.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Pictures pass.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Otava 1994, Helsinki.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

ISBN 951-1-13165-6.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Just a Little Folk Song, 1994 (cd audio disc) Defense of Politics.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Otava 1996, Helsinki.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

ISBN 951-1-14311-5.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Third life, together with Kyllikki Virolainen.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

WSOY 1998, Porvoo.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

ISBN 951-0-22492-8.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

The State Counsellor recalls.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Otava 2000, Helsinki.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

ISBN 951-1-17236-0.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Trivia In 1994, Johannes Virolainen sang an album of Finnish folk songs on the album.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

[59] See also Midsummer Bomb Black Dozen-Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jussila, Osmo — Hentilä, Seppo — Nevakivi, Jukka| title = Political History of Finland 1809—1999| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 1999| isbn = 951-0-23327- 7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Seppinen, Jukka| title = Fatherland Affairs: Johannes Estonian Biography| location = Helsinki| publisher = Thought Books| year = 2002| isbn = 951-20-6233-X}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Katajisto, Kati| title = Incomparable Estonian: Johannes Estonian 1914—2000| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 2017| isbn = 978-951-1-28738-4}} References Literature Lehtinen, Lasse: Estonian: host ring of the republic.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

WSOY 1980.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Sarlund, Seppo: Jussi — Finnish Counsellor.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Otava 1999, Helsinki.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

ISBN 951-1-15426-5.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Sarlund, Seppo — Vanhanen, Tatu: Country and man: The six decades of Johannes Estonian on 31 January 1974.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Illustration by Kari Suomalainen.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Book Group 1974, Helsinki.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

ISBN 951-26-0844-4.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Seppinen, Jukka: Matters of the Motherland: Biography of Johannes Estonainen.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Thought 2002.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

On the topic elsewhere YLE Living Archive.


Question: Was Reino Oittinen the “father” of Finnish elementary school?

Johannes Estonian

Toukkari, Pertti: Category:Presidents of Parliament Category:Presidents of the Central Youth Category:Chairmen of the Centre Party Category:Chairmen of the Agrarian Federation Category:Finnish Central Politicians Class:Black dozen Class:Prime Ministers of Finland Category:Finnish Ministers of Foreign Affairs Category:Finnish Finance Ministers Category:Finnish Ministers of Education Category:Uusimaa constituency Category:Finnish farmers Category:Finnish farmers Category:Persons born in 1914 Class:Persons who died in 2000 Class:Key to screening Articles


Question: What year was the original Gray's Anatomy textbook published?

Grey's Anatomy

Grey's Anatomy is an award-winning American drama series set in the hospital world that follows the interns of the fictional Grey-Sloan Memorial Hospital, specialized surgeons, and their mentors.


Question: What year was the original Gray's Anatomy textbook published?

Grey's Anatomy

The pilot episode of the series “Hard-Day Night” aired in the United States on ABC on 27 March 2005 and in Finland on Nelone in autumn 2006.


Question: What year was the original Gray's Anatomy textbook published?

Grey's Anatomy

The series has been aired in the United States for fifteen seasons and in Finland for the same amount.


Question: What year was the original Gray's Anatomy textbook published?

Grey's Anatomy

The series has been very successful and received a lot of positive feedback from critics: the first episode of the series garnered a total of 16.25 million viewers [1] and the season's final episode garnered as many as 22.22 million viewers.


Question: What year was the original Gray's Anatomy textbook published?

Grey's Anatomy

[2] Grey's Anatomy has also won two Emmy and Golden Globe Awards and three SAG Awards.


Question: What year was the original Gray's Anatomy textbook published?

Grey's Anatomy

The television series is named after the well-known work on Gray's Anatomy.