Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

He held that Christianity could never become a science nor a philosophical system without adopting the best aspects of Greek thought.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

In books I and VI of his work Stromateis he set out his views on the relations between philosophy and Christianity.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

He believed that Greek philosophy was of divine origin or stolen from the Old Testament.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

Although it was not directly sent by God, it was a gift given by him and useful albeit less than Christianity.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

He considered Jews and Greeks to have gained two separate covenants — Greek wisdom contained some parts of truth, while the Christian message was the only true philosophy.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

[15] Ancient Philosophical Literature Sources of ancient philosophy Ancient philosophy is known today naturally from philosophers' own writings, but mostly through second-hand sources.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

Not all philosophers even wrote anything themselves, and most of the production is known only through fragments preserved in the works of later authors.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

Socrates is a philosopher specifically cited as a thinker who did not write down his philosophy himself.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

Diogenes Laertios mentions as similar thinkers including Stilpon, Menedemos, Pyrrhon, Theodoros and Carneade, and Pythagoras, according to some.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

[16] The fate of the works of philosophers who published philosophical works varies depending on how their school has subsequently been able to preserve the works.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

Of Plato's works, all authentic and intended for publication are, in all likelihood, preserved.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

Most of Aristotle's works, including his dialogue, have been lost, but the most significant part of his thinking is known thanks to his lecture notes.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

Among other things, some individual works have been preserved from his pupil Theophrastos.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

The thinking of pre-Socratics before Socrates, as well as those of post-Aristotle Hellenistic philosophers, are known only as fragments of text.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

More works have survived from the Roman period.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

Notable second-hand sources for ancient thought include several philosophers themselves, in dealing with the thinking of their predecessors.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

Plato refers liberally to the ideas of predecessor philosophers, dealing extensively with the opinions of pre-socratics and sophists.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

His thinking often seems to be about clearer reformulation of previously stated ideas and bringing ideas together.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

Plato is also known to have collected the writings of previous philosophers widely.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

The importance of Aristotle is even greater because in his writings it is easier to draw a distinction between the ideas of his predecessors and his own thoughts.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

Particularly notable is the early part of his Metaphysics, in which the thinking of the preceding philosophers is discussed in chronological order.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

Aristotle also begins several of his other works with a walkthrough of the ideas of predecessors.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

Aristotle can be considered a source even for interpreting Plato's ideas.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

[17] Cicero gives much information in his writings about Greek philosophers and above all about the period of Hellenistic philosophy, [18] based on earlier Greek sources.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

Sextos from Empeirikos notable works from this point of view are the main features of Pyrrhonism and against Mathematicians.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

During Late Antiquity, Neo-Platonians in particular wrote a lot of commentaries on the works of preceding philosophers.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

One of the most prominent commentators of that time is Simplikios.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

[17] Diogenes Laertios' Lives and Doctrines of Notable Philosophers from the 13th Century is a remarkable collection that is valuable despite its uncritical nature.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

Nor is the work philosophical in spirit and the matter itself often falls beneath anecdotes of varying quality.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

Yet it is the most extensive cohesive collection of works preserved from antiquity on the history of philosophy, as part of which significant fragments from several philosophers have survived.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

[17] Some new textual discoveries have been made, among others, in Egypt and in the Villa of the Papyruses at Herculaneum, where works in the possession of Philodemos the Epicurean have been found above all.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

Genres and language Ancient philosophical literature was predominantly Greek, but during the time of Cicero, Lucretius and Seneca, Latin philosophical literature was also beginning to emerge more broadly.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

However, still Marcus Aurelius wrote his works for Myself in Greek.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

During Late Antiquity, the knowledge of the Greek language in the West began to decline and, among other things, Boethius took for a living the translation of Greek works into Latin available to the general public.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

Ancient philosophy was presented both as treatises and other factual prose, dialogues, miniature essays, letters, aphorises, speeches, and in poetry form.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

The ideas of pre-socratics have survived mostly as snippets formed from educational poetry and aphorisms.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

Plato is known above all for his dialogues, the most illustrious of which are State, Pidot, Faidon and Faidros.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

In addition to him, several other students of Socrates wrote so-called Socratic dialogues.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

Aristotle was the first to write extensive scientific treatises and from whom notes on oral lectures intended for teaching have been preserved.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

[19] Philosophical letters are known above all from Plato's texticorpus, although most of the letters placed in his name are nondescript, as well as from Cicero, Seneca, and among others.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

Epicurus.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

The Hellenistic period saw the emergence of so-called diatribē-literature, consisting of folksy lectures and pakinos.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

Of course, speeches were important to rhetoric, and among their authors are, above all, Cicero, Dion Khrysostomos, Aelius Aristides and Herod Atticus.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

[19] In Rome, philosophy is again found in poetry form.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

Among the most notable is Lucretius' educational poem about the Universe.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

Philosophy also influenced ordinary Latin poetry, as evident in places such as Vergilius, Horatius, and Ovidius.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

[18] The “family tree” of schools Diogenes Laertios has divided the development of thought in the philosophical schools of antiquity in the following way: Ionian philosophy Italian philosophy Thales, Greek Seven WisePythagorasAnaksimandros, Anaxagoras, Arkhelaus, SocratesempedoKlesPlatonxenofanessPapposAristotelesantisthenesherakleitos (non-ital.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

) xenokratestheofrastosdiogenesparmenidespolemonstratonkrates thebalainenMelissosKrantorLykonhipParkhiazenon ElealArkesilaosdemetrios FaleronLainenenenon chitionianLeukipposlakydesherakleideskleanthesDemokritosKarneadesKhrysipposepikuros See also the terminology of ancient philosophy Secret Teachings of Ancient Philosophers Ancient Science Paideia Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Diogenes Laertios| title = Lives and lessons of prominent philosophers | location = Helsinki| publisher = Summa| year = 2002| version = Translated by both presentation and presentation explanations by Marke Ahonen| id = ISBN 952-5418-07-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hällström, Gunnar af & Laato, Anni Maria & Pihkala, Juha| title = Introduction to Early Church Theology| location = Helsinki| publisher = Bookshop | year = 2005| version = Theology systematica.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

2nd edition 2007| id = ISBN 951-607-227-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kivistö, Sari et al.| title = Literature in the ancient world| location = Helsinki| publisher = Works| year = 2007| id = ISBN 978-951-851-089-8}} Citation error, replace with {cite book| author = Korkman, Petter & Yrjöniso, Mikko (eds.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

) | title = History of Philosophy| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 1999| id = ISBN 951-662-708-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lilla, Salvatore R. C.| title = Clement of Alexandria: A study in Christian Platonism and Gnosticism| location = Oxford| publisher = Oxford University Press| year = 1971| version=Oxford theological monographs| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

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Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Russell, Bertrand| title = History of Western Philosophy 1: Old Time Philosophy, Catholic Philosophy| location = Porvoo Helsinki Juva| publisher = WSOY| year = 1999| version = (History of western philosophy, 1946.)


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

9th edition.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

Translated by J. A. Hollo| id = ISBN 951-0-17867-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Thesleff, Holger & Sihvola, Juha| title = Ancient Philosophy and the World | location = Porvoo| publisher = WSOY| year = 1994| id = ISBN 951-19930-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Whitehead, Alfred North| title= Process and reality: An essay on cosmology| location = Cambridge| publisher = Cambridge University Press| year = 1929| language = Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Curnow, Trevor| title = The Philosophers of the Ancient World: an A-Z guide| location = London| publisher = Duckworth| year = 2006| id = ISBN 0715634976}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hadot, Pierre| title = What is ancient philosophy? | location = Tampere| publisher = So & so| year = 2010| version = (Qu'est-ce que la philosophie antique? , 1995.)


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

Translated by Tapani Kilpeläinen.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

So & thus books 47| id = ISBN 978-952-5503-48-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Irwin, Terence| title = Classical Thought| location = Oxford| publisher = Oxford University Press| year = 1989| id = ISBN 0192191969}} Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Sihvola, Juha: In Science 4/2003.


Question: Did late antiquity make a difference in Finland?

Ancient philosophy

Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

The Finnish National Theatre (originally called Finnish Theatre) is the oldest Finnish-language professional theatre in the world founded in 1872.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

The Finnish National Theatre is an artistic theatre that aims to provide all Finns with Finnish language theatre art.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

Since its inception, the repertoire has varied domestic drama, foreign plays, as well as classics.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

The National Theatre is covered by the Theatre and Orchestra Act.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

The theatre has the form of a limited liability company (Finnish National Theatre Limited Liability Company) [1] and its largest shareholder is the Finnish National Theatre Foundation [2].


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

The theatre building is located in the centre of Helsinki on the edge of Rautatientori.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

The National Theatre is a national cultural institution and its activities are supposed to extend to all citizens.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

In its early years, Finnish theatre performed a lot outside Helsinki.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

Among others, Pori, Vyborg and Turku were important and recurring venues.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

Today, the National Theatre's Tour Stage, founded in 2010, takes theatre where viewers cannot reach the theatre: social work and health units, prisons and reception centres.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

The goal of the tour stage is to promote health, well-being and equality through art.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

[3] The National Theatre is Finland's national main stage.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

Several notable actors have performed there, including Ida Aalberg, Arthur and Selma Lundahl, Jalmari and Joel Rinne, Uuno Laakso, Ella Eronen, Tarmo Manni, Tauno Palo, Ansa Ikonen, Eeva-Kaarina Volanen, Jussi Jurkka, Hannes Häyrinen, Seela Sella, Pentti Siimes and Esko Salminen.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

Some of the most notable directors have included Wilho Ilmari, Pekka Alpo, Edvin Laine, Esko Elstelä, Eugen Terttula, Arto af Hällström, Antti Einari Halonen, Mika Myllyaho, Laura Ruohonen, Kristian Smeds and Paavo Westerberg.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

History Suomalainen Theatre The Finnish National Theatre was founded on 22 May 1872 under the name Finnish Theatre.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

[4] The idea had been put forward by Professor Fredrik Cygnaeus as early as 1859, when, having seen theatrical performances by students, he suggested that a new professional theatre to be established in the country could be in Finnish.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

Ten years later, Aleksis Kivi's play Lea was premiered, which is considered to be the birthplace of Finnish stage art.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

In 1872, some representatives of the peasant law made a motion to the Riksdag that the new theatre house, which had been introduced a few years earlier, should also be performed in Finnish plays.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

They protested public support for the theatre because they saw its operation as aimed solely at the capital's Swedish-speaking civilisation.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

Kaarlo Bergbom, an adjunct professor of aesthetics at the University of Helsinki, drafted a paper in which he positioned himself to support the peasants and stressed the importance of a Finnish-language institution presenting patriotic drama as well.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

[5] Shortly after this, a new Finnish language professional theatre was established in Helsinki under the direction of Kaarlo Bergbom.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

He also became its first director.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

Instead of Helsinki being torn apart by language disputes, Suomalainen Teatteri decided to start operating in Pori.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

It was a wealthy market town where the Finnish- and Swedish-speaking population got along well with each other.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

In addition, there was a variety of stage activities in Pori for decades and the city also had ready-made performance facilities in the upstairs hall of Hotel Otava.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

The first performance of the Finnish Theatre was performed on the premises of Hotel Otava on 13 October 1872.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

The sold-out event was started by a prologue Beginning play, followed by a tableau adapted from J. L. Runeberg's poem Pilven Veikko and plays by Sakari Topelius in the Archipelago and Christmas of War Old.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

The occasion ended with a Maamme song played by the orchestra.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

Speeches were given at the celebratory dinner after the show, among others, Antti Ahlström and Reichstag Edvin Avellan.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

[5] The theatre's first actors included August Aspegren, Bruno Böök, Selma Heerman, Edvard Himberg, Amanda Kaarlonen, Ismael Kallio, Aukusti Korhonen, Lydia Lagus, Benjamin Leino, Arthur Lundahl, Salida Savolainen, Aurora Toikka, Selma Tötterman and Oskari Vilho.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

[6] The Finnish Theatre stayed in Pori for the rest of October and November, after which it continued its journey to Tampere.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

The repertoire included Betrothal, written by Aleksis Kivi, among others.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

It premiered in Pori on 25 October and later the play was also performed in Tampere and Helsinki.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

[7] The following year, the Finnish Theatre settled in the capital, where it received facilities from the old Arkadia Theatre near the present Parliament House.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

Kaarlo Bergbom, along with his sister Emilie Bergbom, continued as the director of the theatre.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

In its early years it divided into speech and singing sections, of which the former toured diligently even outside Helsinki.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

Notable performing venues included Pori, Vyborg, Turku and Oulu, among others.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

[8] The Song Department, or Finnish Opera, started its show in Vyborg in November 1873, [9] but it was discontinued due to financial difficulties already in 1879.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

[8] New theatre building and name change The new theatre building was elevated in 1902 along the Rautatientori.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

At the inauguration of the house designed by architect Onni Törnqvist-Tarjantee on 9 April 1902 [10], the theatre was officially changed to the Finnish National Theatre.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

The building was expanded in the 1930s, and in 1954 a Small Stage was completed to the rear of the building, with the entrance on the Kaisaniemi park side.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

Kaija and Heikki Siren are the architects of the new building.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

Kaarlo Bergbom's season featured plays by Finnish authors Aleksis Kivi and Minna Canth, as well as classics of world literature Goethe, Molière, Schiller and Shakespeare, as well as works of his own time including Henrik Ibsen's Puppehouse.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

In addition, directors of the theatre have included Eino Kalima (1917—1950), Arvi Kivimaa (1950—1974), Kai Savola (1974-1992) and Maria-Liisa Nevala (1992—2010) and assistant directors including Pekka Alpo, Wilho Ilmari, Jack Witikka, Eugen Terttula and Lars Svedberg.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

Since 2010, Mika Myllyaho has been the Director General of the National Theatre.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

Stages The National Theatre has four stages: Great Stage (885 seats) [11], Small Stage (307 seats [12]), Willensauna (154 seats [13]) and Omapohja (80 seats) [14].


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

The National Theatre's repertoire is also sometimes spread out to other spaces, such as warm-ups, rehearsal rooms and a paint shop.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

In addition, the Tour Stage and Lavaklub have their own repertoire.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

Grand stage The grand stage is located in the main building of the National Theatre, and its entrance is from the Rautatientori side.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

There are a total of 885 seats in the grandstand, divided between the permanno and the two shoals.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

[15] The width of the stage opening is nine metres and the height of the stage tower is 19 metres.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

Portraits of several well-known staff representatives of the National Theatre are located in connection with the grand stage.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

[11] Small stage and Willensauna Small stage and Willensauna are located on the Kaisaniemi Park side of the theatre building.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

The address is Bergbominkuja 2.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

The stage shows Willensauna is located on street level and Small stage on the second floor.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

The building was completed in 1954 to a design by Kaija and Heikki Siren.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

A small stage had already been planned at the initiative of Eino Kalima, but it was not until Arvi Kivima's time that the plans received fire.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

The designer of the building is Heikki Siren, from whom the work was commissioned in 1950.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

A condition was made that the building fill the space as efficiently as possible.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

The building was inaugurated with a small stage in September 1954, and the same building became a theatre restaurant.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

Built on the site of the restaurant in 1976, Willensauna is named after the spa hotel Villensauna, which was once located on the site.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

[16] Willensauna was designed by Heikki Siren and Kai Savola.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

Today the small stage has 309 seats [17] and 152 in Willensauna.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

[18] The small stage repertoire is built especially on classics and comedy, Willensauna's experimental repertoire and children's theatre.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

Omapohja Omapohja is located opposite the actual theatre house in the Eastern Theatre Alley.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

The stage was introduced in 1987.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

My base name dates back to a guesthouse that operated on the site.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

My base has 80 unnumbered seats.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

My base is especially for exploratory theatre.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

[14] Omapohja was designed by Heikki Siren and Kai Savola.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

Repertoire at the National Theatre has about 15 premieres each year


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

[2] The most historically performed classics have been Shakespeare, Chekhov, Molière and Gogol, among others.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

More modern world literature has featured plays by Samuel Beckett, Bertolt Brecht, Dario Fo, Ödön von Horváth, Slawomir Mrozek, Arthur Schnitzler, Arthur Miller, Tennessee Williams, Marin Sorescu, Lájos Marot, Yukio Mishima and Yasmina Reza, among others.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

The theatre also presents Finnish new plays.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

The repertoire has included plays by Heikki Ylikanka, Kerttu-Kaarina Suosalmi, Reko Lundán, Michael Baran and Pirkko Saisio.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

Some of the most talked-about Finnish plays of the early 2000s have been, for example, Sofi Oksanen Purification and the play dramatisation of Väinö Linna's novel The Unknown Soldier directed by Kristian Smeds.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

There are also always plays aimed at children in the repertoire.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

Staff Theatre directors Kaarlo Bergbom 1872—1906 and Emilie Bergbom 1872—1917 Jalmari Hahl from March 1905 to spring 1907 Adolf Lindfors 1907—1914 Jalmari Lahdensuo 1914—1917 Eino Kalima 1917—1950 Arvi Kivimaa 1950—1974 Kai Savola 1974—1991 Maria-Liisa Nevala 1992— 2010 Mika Myllyaho 2010— Actors (2018) Hannu-Pekka Björkman Kristiina Halttu Olli Ikonen Katariina Katariina Kaitue Jani Karvinen Maria Kuusiluoma Juhani Laitala Jussi Lehtonen Petri Likki Esa-Matti Long Pirjo Luoma-aho Markku Markku Märmaa Pihla Märmaa Petri Manninen Pirjo Määttä Harri Nousiainen Cécile Orblin Karin Pacius Jukka-Pekka Palo Terhi Panula Ilya Peltonen Heikki Pitkänen Annika Poijärvi Sari Puumalainen Antti Pääkkönen Seppo Pääkkönen Kristo Salminen Berry Salo Seela Sella Paula Siimes Timo Tuominen Juha Varis Source [19] Sources Timo Martin, Pertti Niemi & Ilona Tainio: Finnish theatres and theatre-makers.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

Jan. 1974.


Question: What was the most popular play at the National Theatre in 2018?

National Theatre of Finland

References elsewhere Category:Helsinki attractions Category:Helsinki theatres Category:Kluuvi Class:Buildings designed by Onni Tarjante Category:Buildings designed by Heikki and Kaija Siren Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What is Israel's GDP?

Economy of Israel

Israel's economy is among the most developed in the Middle East.


Question: What is Israel's GDP?

Economy of Israel

The country's purchasing power adjusted gross domestic product was $195 billion in 2006, according to the International Monetary Fund.


Question: What is Israel's GDP?

Economy of Israel

Gross domestic product per capita was estimated at $26600 in 2007, close to the European Union average.


Question: What is Israel's GDP?

Economy of Israel

[1] Notable industries include electronics, food processing, diamond grinding and textiles.


Question: What is Israel's GDP?

Economy of Israel

Among the service sectors significant are software development and tourism.


Question: What is Israel's GDP?

Economy of Israel

Israel has a free trade agreement with the European Union, EFTA, the United States, Turkey, Mexico, Canada, Jordan and Egypt.


Question: What is Israel's GDP?

Economy of Israel

Israel was invited to join the OECD in 2007.


Question: What is Israel's GDP?

Economy of Israel

Originally based on farming, the economy has grown strongly, especially in the decades since independence, and Israel's economy is modern and diverse.


Question: What is Israel's GDP?

Economy of Israel

Significant export products (total.


Question: What is Israel's GDP?

Economy of Israel

nearly 30 billion in 2003) are e.g.


Question: What is Israel's GDP?

Economy of Israel

heavy machinery industry (also includes weapons industry), memory chips and processors, electro-optics products, computer software, medical products, cut diamonds, agricultural products such as Jaffa oranges, chemicals and clothing.


Question: What is Israel's GDP?

Economy of Israel

Science and cutting-edge technology plays a significant part in the economy.


Question: What is Israel's GDP?

Economy of Israel

Due to limited natural resources, Israel has placed a high emphasis on education and has been at the forefront of research in information technology, communications and life sciences.


Question: What is Israel's GDP?

Economy of Israel

Israel is often spoken of as the Silicon Valley of the Middle East and more venture capital is invested there than any European country, and its venture capital investment share of GDP is the highest in the world.


Question: What is Israel's GDP?

Economy of Israel

Outside the United States and Canada, Israel has the highest number of Nasdaq-listed companies in the world.


Question: What is Israel's GDP?

Economy of Israel

Israel produces more scientific studies relative to population than any other country, and its patent rates are also among the highest in the world.


Question: What is Israel's GDP?

Economy of Israel

Foreign trade The European Union is Israel's main trading partner and exports to the Union territory account for 28% of Israel's total exports.


Question: What is Israel's GDP?

Economy of Israel

The 1995 trade agreement, which replaced the 1975 cooperation agreement, allows Israel to import industrial products into the EU without import tariffs and seeks to promote cooperation on investment and harmonisation of laws.


Question: What is Israel's GDP?

Economy of Israel

[2] There have been disagreements between the EU and Israel over imports into the EU of products made in West Bank and Gaza settlements as Israeli products, but the dispute was agreed in the summer of 2004.


Question: What is Israel's GDP?

Economy of Israel

[3] The links between Finnish and Finnish companies to disputed Israeli settlements have also been raised in Finland.


Question: What is Israel's GDP?

Economy of Israel

Several companies have been identified as having links to disputed settlements.


Question: What is Israel's GDP?

Economy of Israel

[4] In Finland, products produced in the occupied Palestinian territories are also sold and mistakenly labelled Israel as their origin.


Question: What is Israel's GDP?

Economy of Israel

The Arab boycott has kept trade with Arab countries low, but Egypt and Jordan, among others, have opened trade.


Question: What is Israel's GDP?

Economy of Israel

About half of the economic and military loan guarantees and other aid Israel receives comes from the United States and the rest mostly from the European Union.


Question: What is Israel's GDP?

Economy of Israel

About half of Israel's foreign debt originates in the United States, and a significant portion of the total debt comes from individuals through the Israeli promissory note program.


Question: What is Israel's GDP?

Economy of Israel

Germany has provided Israel with palpable grants and entered into cooperation agreements to develop industry and armed forces in recompense for Nazi Germany's crimes against Jews.


Question: What is Israel's GDP?

Economy of Israel

Tourism Both foreign and intra-country tourism are major livelihoods in Israel and account for between 3% and 4% of the country's GDP, of which foreign tourism accounts for 35% to 40%.


Question: What is Israel's GDP?

Economy of Israel

The calmness of the region has somewhat reduced tourism to the area in recent years.


Question: What is Israel's GDP?

Economy of Israel

[5] The most famous tourist destinations are Eilat, Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, Tiberias and Lake Genesaret, Haifa, Zefat (Safed), the Dead Sea, as well as Be'er Sheva and the Negev Desert.


Question: What is Israel's GDP?

Economy of Israel

Attractions are historic buildings, cities and places or nature attractions.


Question: What is Israel's GDP?

Economy of Israel

The most famous sights in Jerusalem are the biblical sites in the Old City and its vicinity, as well as around Lake Genesaret.


Question: What is Israel's GDP?

Economy of Israel

Tsefat is a destination for religious pilgrims, and the high altitude city offers fine views.


Question: What is Israel's GDP?

Economy of Israel

Tel Aviv and Haifa are major cities.


Question: What is Israel's GDP?

Economy of Israel

On the Dead Sea are located saltwater baths and hotels, natural parks and the mountain fortress of Masada.


Question: What is Israel's GDP?

Economy of Israel

There are staggering vantage points and beautiful natural parks in the Negev Desert, the Galilee and the Golan Highlands.


Question: What is Israel's GDP?

Economy of Israel

Eilat has bathing beaches and is one of the best diving sites in the world.


Question: What is Israel's GDP?

Economy of Israel

The most visible part of the security effort in Israel is security checks at doors in shops and shopping centres, as well as checkpoints on the roads.


Question: What is Israel's GDP?

Economy of Israel

Even if checkpoints aren't normally manned — or if they are, no cars are stopped — it's always worth silencing and being prepared to stop.


Question: What is Israel's GDP?

Economy of Israel

Current information on the security situation in Israel can be obtained, for example, by the Finnish


Question: What is Israel's GDP?

Economy of Israel

Most significant natural resources copper phosphate bromine sulfur potash Most significant export products high-tech (more than half of exports) mm.


Question: What is Israel's GDP?

Economy of Israel

information and communication technology, pharmaceutical equipment, software, diagnostics, biotechnology, fine chemicals, electro-optics and measurement engineering products of the machinery industry Contrary to popular belief, agricultural products account for only a few percent of Israel's exports.


Question: What is Israel's GDP?

Economy of Israel

Major trading partners Main export countries United States 35.0% Belgium 7.5% Hong Kong 5.8% Main import countries United States 13.9% Belgium 7.9% Germany 6.2% China 6.1% Switzerland 5.1% United Kingdom 4.7% Italy 4.1% [6] Sources *


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Berlin (, [bˈˈliːn],) is the capital of Germany and one of the states of Germany.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

With around 3.4 million inhabitants, it is also Germany's largest and the second largest city in the European Union after London.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[1] Unlike some other urban areas (for example, Greater Paris with a population of about 12 million), in Berlin, the official city boundaries and the actual boundaries of an urban-built area correspond quite well to each other.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

However, the more loosely defined Berlin metropolitan area continues far into the environment and is home to around 4.4 to 5.9 million people depending on the definition of the region.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[2] [3] According to Eurostat, the metropolitan area has a population of around five million (2012).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[4] With its internationally renowned cultural institutions, universities and events, Berlin is one of the most important scientific and cultural centres in Europe.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

As the capital of the EU's most populous member country, it is also an influential political centre and an important transport hub.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In addition, the city is known for its vibrant nightlife and international and free-spirited atmosphere, which attracts especially young migrants.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Despite its capital status, Berlin is not Germany's most important city in all respects: for example, the country's financial and air transport hub is Frankfurt am Main, the most prosperous city is the port city Hamburg, and the most significant technology hub is Munich.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Established in the early 13th century, Berlin was elevated to the capital of Prussia in 1701 and the reunified German Empire in 1871.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

After World War II, the city was divided into occupation sectors, of which, under the control of the United States, Britain, and France, were formed West Berlin and Soviet-controlled East Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The Federal Republic of Germany had designated Bonn only as its provisional capital with the aim of the same as the declaration of the German Democratic Republic, meaning both would have had the same city, all of Berlin, but its supreme decision-making power still remained with the four occupying powers.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

They gave up their rights in 1990 when Germany reunified and Berlin once again became the capital of Germany and one of Europe's busiest developing metropolises.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Geography Berlin is located in eastern Germany about 70km from the Polish border.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The town is entirely surrounded by the state of Brandenburg and thus forms an enclave.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The maximum length of the region in the east—west direction is 45km and 38km in the north-south direction.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[5] The area is shaped by the Ice Age, and with its abundant forests and lakes it resembles Finnish conditions to some extent.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Of the area is water 6.7%, forest 18.3%, recreational areas 11.9% and agricultural use 4.2%.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[5] The town is born on the side of the River Spree, which, after splitting the centre, connects to Havel in the western part of the city.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The latter river is in the Berlin region rather a series of lakes, the largest of which is the Wannsee.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The terrain is quite flat; the highest peaks are the Großer Müggelberg (115.4m) as well as the Teufelsberg (120.1m) piled from World War II rubble.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Climate The climate of the Berlin region is an intermediate form of marine and continental climate, an intermediate climate.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Winters tend to be predominantly dark, rainy and snowless.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Usually, however, snow cover covers the ground for a few days at a time several times during the winter.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Winter is short in Finnish terms, reminiscent of the dark late autumn of southern Finland.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Winter quickly switches to a sparkly green flowering spring in late March.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Trees usually enter the leaf during April.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In the spring, the weather is usually clear with low winds.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

May can already be calculated in Finnish terms as a summer month in favour of temperatures.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The warmest summer months are July and August, when heat days are normally up to one-third of days.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Daytime temperatures above 35 degrees are almost every year, and late summer thunderstorms and heavy rains are quite different in intensity from their Finnish counterparts.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Typically, in September, the drop in temperatures is noticed for the first time, when heat periods stop completely.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In October, the weather begins to become cloudier and more volatile normally in autumn as temperatures continue to drop.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The rushing period of trees is October-November.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

December-January are the most volatile of all months, with polar winds and abundant rainy days occurring.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The administrative division Berlin is divided into 12 administrative districts () with its own, local elected administration and limited autonomy (see.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

below).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

They each have such a large population that they would be major cities in their own right.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The current administrative division came into existence in 2001, when the number of administrative regions was almost halved.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The administrative areas are further subdivided into boroughs (), of which there are a total of 96.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Of these, too, a few have over 100,000 inhabitants.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Unlike administrative districts created by purely administrative decisions, boroughs tend to be regions formed over a long period of time with their own history and their own character.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Therefore, in everyday life, the division of boroughs is more important than the division of administrative areas, even if the boroughs do not have any actual administrative significance.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Population of the administrative district Nov 30, 2010 [6] Area (km²) [7] Population density (as/km²) Mitte33317239,4708218Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg269,92420,1613065Pankow370 488103,0703449Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf320 32264,7204870Spandau225 96391,202444Steglitz-Zehlendorf295 806102,5002812Tempelhof-Schöneberg336 28253,1006263Neukölln311 82444,9306806Treptow-Köpenick242 574168,4201399Marzahn-Hellersdorf249 95661,7804048Lichtenberg261 41752,2904963Reinickendorf241 49089,4802726 Old Territorial Division Before 2001 until 1920, there had been 20 regions.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

During the Berlin divide (1945—1990), 12 of them belonged to West Berlin and eight belonged to East Berlin as follows: West Berlin: United States occupation zone: Kreuzberg Neukölln Schöneberg Steglitz Tempelhof Zehlendorf British occupation zone: Charlottenburg Spandau Tiergarten Wilmersdorf French Occupation Zone: Reinickendorf Wedding East Berlin Soviet Occupation Zone: Friedrichshain Köpenick Lichtenberg Mitte Pankow Prenzlauer Berg Treptow Weißensee History Early History To justify archaeological excavations, Berlin and its sister city Cölln have arisen around the turn of the 12th and 13th centuries.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

These two population centres were located opposite each other in the capex of the river Spree: Berlin on the east side of the river, Cölln on the island in its centre, namely the Spreeinsel.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The official age of the city of Berlin is calculated from a document dated 1237, which admittedly only mentions Cölln — the first mention of Berlin itself dates from 1244.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

From its old Slavic centre Spandau further up the river Spree received city rights in 1232 and Berlin apparently around the same time.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The towns fared relatively well as market towns between the 12th and 13th centuries, and entered into a union in 1307.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In 1360 Berlin-Cölln joined the Hanseatic League.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[8] Berlin and Cölln, as Hanseatic cities, traded throughout the Baltic Sea and were relatively independent of the princes who ruled Brandenburg.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[8] [9] Between 1415 and 1417, King Sigismund of Germany fiefed Mark Brandenburg to Count Fredrik, who became Elector of Brandenburg.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Fredrik belonged to the House of Hohenzollerns, which remained in power until 1918.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

When internal unrest broke out in Berlin and Cölln between artisans and patrician families, the new Elector took the opportunity to subjugate the cities to his power in 1442.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[10] Fredrik combined the cities of Berlin and Cölln and made them a court residence city, so the accession was forced to give up its free Hanseatic city status.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The Elector's castle was built on Spreeinsel in the middle of Cölln.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[9] [11] At the time of the Reformation, Berlin adopted the Lutheran doctrine of the faith in 1539.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[11] During the Thirty Years' War (1618—1648) Berlin and Cölln were badly affected.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The town was looted several times, and up to half of its 12,000 residents were killed.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

After the war, during the reign of the “Great Elector” Fredrik Vilhelm, however, the city quickly recovered and began to grow strongly.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Fredrik Vilhelm fortified Berlin and Cölln and founded three daughter towns west of the federal city: Friedrichswerder, Friedrichsstadt and Dorotheenstadt.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Through these new towns, the great Elector built the linden boulevard Unter den Linden.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[12] Centre of the Kingdom of Prussia In 1701, Elector Frederick I of Brandenburg was crowned King of Prussia, and the Elector of Brandenburg was transformed into the Kingdom of Prussia.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Frederick I united Berlin, Cölln, Friedrichswerder, Friedrichsstadt and Dorotheenstadt, thus creating a new Greater Berlin, which became the capital of the Kingdom of Prussia.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In the first half of the 18th century, the old defensive walls of Berlin-Cölln were demolished and the new city was surrounded by a customs wall and customs gates.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The most representative of these was the neoclassical Brandenburg Gate, which has later become one of Berlin's most famous symbols and attractions.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[13] During the 18th century, Prussia rose to become one of the great states of Europe, and Berlin grew to become the second largest city of the German-Roman Empire immediately after Vienna.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[14] With the help of major construction projects, Berlin was shaped into a representative capital for Prussia.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[15] Frederick I rebuilt the old Royal Palace into a magnificent Baroque palace.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Unter den Linden became the city's parade street, along which rose royal palaces and plush public buildings.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[9] In 1806, Napoleonic troops conquered Prussia and Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Napoleon held a spectacular parade in the city and transported the four-harness statue of the Brandenburg Gate to Paris.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Seven years later, after Napoleon imploded, the four-harness was returned to Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[16] The 19th century was a period of strong growth in Berlin, during the century the population of the city increased more than tenfold.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The first railway link between Berlin and Potsdam was built in 1838.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[14] Berlin experienced intense and rapid industrialization.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The growth was driven in particular by textile production and the machinery and iron industries.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

From the middle of the century onward, the electrical and chemical industries intensified.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Berlin, the capital of the German Empire, became the capital of the new German Empire in 1871.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[17] The establishment of the Reich Central Bank in Berlin also brought financiers with it to the capital.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Berlin's cultural life grew even further, and Berlin began to be talked about, for example, as the theatrical metropolis of Europe.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Berlin's strong growth also caused social and economic problems.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Due to an increase in population and traffic, in 1896 a subway began to be built, as well as local train services to suburban areas.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Rentals began to be built nearby downtown to make it possible to rent low-cost housing for workers.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[18] World War I led to famine in Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[17] In the winter of 1916—1917, 150000 people were in need of food assistance.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Strikes broke out in the city.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

When the war ended in 1918, Emperor William II resigned.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[17] As the capital of the Weimar Republic, Socialist Philipp Scheidemann and communist Karl Liebknecht declared the city a republic after the October Revolution.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In the following months, numerous street battles took place in the city between different factions.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In December 1918, the Communist Party of Germany (Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands, KPD) was founded in Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In January 1919, the party attempted to capture power in the so-called Spartacist Rebellion, which failed.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

On January 15, 1919, Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg were killed.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[19] A year later, in March 1920, Wolfgang Kapp, founder of the right-wing Deutsche Vaterlandspartei, in turn attempted to overthrow the government.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The Berlin barrack people joined his forces and took over the government building.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The government of the Weimar Republic had already left Berlin by that time.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

However, a general strike prevented the coup from succeeding.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[19] On October 1, 1920, Greater Berlin was created, with seven other cities, 59 villages and 27 estate estates annexed to Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

At that time Greater Berlin had 3804048 inhabitants.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[19] With the improvement of the economic emergency of the next few years of the 1920s, beginning in 1924, the Berlin Golden Age began.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Berlin became one of the largest industrial cities and cultural centres in Europe.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Local train services were electrified in 1924, when Tempelhof Airport was also introduced.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[19] New infrastructure was necessary to meet the needs of four million inhabitants.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

A brief heyday ended with a global economic crisis in 1929.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In the same year, the National Socialist Party gained its first seats in the city's parliament.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[19] Centre of the Third Reich Adolf Hitler, leader of the National Socialist Party, which came to power in 1933, wanted to build Berlin his new capital, Welthauptstadt Germania.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Much of the town was to be demolished and rebuilt.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

With the construction work, living space would have been acquired for those left homeless by expelling Jews from the city.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The closest concentration camp was Oranienburg/Sachsenhausen, located 35 km away in the small town of Oranienburg.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[20] Construction projects were interrupted due to World War II.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Berlin was bombed 363 times by the Western Allies between 1940 and 1945.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[21] From November 1943 to March 1944, the city was subjected to its own bombing campaign.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Berlin served as the last stage of war in Europe when Red Army troops reached it in April 1945.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

There was a fierce battle for the town and, among other things, the Reichstag House fell into ruin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[22] A divided Berlin After World War II, Germany was divided into four occupation zones administered by the Soviet Union, the United States, the United Kingdom and France.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Remaining inside the Soviet zone, Berlin was also divided into four parts between these states: West Berlin was administered by the Western powers, East Berlin by the Soviet Union.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The Soviet Union effectively resigned itself from the joint administration of the occupying powers in 1948, failing to recognise the election of Social Democrat Ernst Reuter as mayor and installing its own mayor in its own zone.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

From June 1948 to May 1949, the Soviet Union held West Berlin under siege by cutting off all land connections and also limiting access to electricity and gas.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

From this blockade of Berlin, the city survived thanks to a massive air bridge arranged by the Western Allies.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[23] The situation became even more problematic with the formation of the Federal Republic of Germany from the western zones of Germany in 1949 and the German Democratic Republic (GDR) from the Soviet zone.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The GDR considered Berlin to be its capital; in practice, though only East Berlin served as its capital.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The Federal Republic of Germany, for its part, regarded Berlin as its own state, as the western part of the city was practically.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Among the winning powers, Berlin's legal status was also controversial.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

According to the Western Allies interpretation, in all of Berlin, the supreme power was exercised by four occupying powers and neither Germany; the Soviet Union, in turn, held that East Berlin came under the control of the GDR and that the state of occupation continued only in West Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[24] Until 1961 it was possible to move freely between West and East Berlin, although the border between the Germans was tightly guarded elsewhere.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

As more and more East Berliners and East Germans fled to the West through West Berlin, the GDR built the Berlin Wall in 1961, which it used to isolate West Berlin from East Berlin and the GDR.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The Berlin Wall divided the city in two until 1989, when the GDR lifted travel restrictions on its citizens.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The fall of the Berlin Wall was a huge symbolic event and a starting shot for the collapse of Europe's socialist state systems.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In 1990, the year of the demolition of the Wall, the four occupying powers ceded their tenure to Berlin to a united Germany in what is known as the Two Plus Four Treaty (officially in English, the Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[25] The capital of a united Germany as a result of the reunification of the Germans, Berlin also became yet another city.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

On 20 June 1991, the German Bundestag decided, with only a slight difference in votes, to move from Bonn to Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

However, it was not until 1999 that the German Bundestag and the government were able to move from Bonn to Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[26] Since reunification, Berlin has been much built and renovated, causing the city to be even called “Europe's largest construction site”.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[27] The city's economy has not improved as hoped; instead, the city has been on the brink of bankruptcy.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[28] Population In December 2008 the population of Berlin was 3431473 inhabitants.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[29] Berlin has a long tradition as a city of immigration, and its population is highly variegated in ethnic backgrounds.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Other stigmatizing features today include secularisation and the proportional over-representation of those who represent an alternative lifestyle, such as gays and lesbians.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[30] [31] [32] [33] The city also attracts an abundance of artists as well as people who value alternative life and individualistic values with its liberal lifestyle, modern zeitgeist and low cost of living levels.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[34] [35] Population development Initially, Berlin's population developed slowly, and the city was not very significant on the German scale.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In 1500 the population of Berlin and Cölln was only 12000, and in the 17th century it was still halved, among other things, as a result of the Thirty Years' War.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Elector Fredrik Vilhelm, however, initiated an active immigration policy, inviting a large number of French Huguenots to the city, among others, who were persecuted in their homeland because of their faith.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The population turned to strong growth and by 1709 rose to around 55000 people.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Later industrialisation, as well as the rise of Berlin as the capital of a united German Empire, further accelerated growth, and in 1877 the limit of one million inhabitants was already crossed.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

A major municipal annexation in 1920, with numerous neighbouring towns and municipalities annexed to Berlin, brought the population by one time to 3.8 million and Berlin to the largest city in continental Europe.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

At its height, the population in 1943 visited about 4.3 million, but as a result of World War II it temporarily decreased to 2.8 million.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

After the war, with Berlin split in two, East Berlin steadily lost residents to West Berlin until the Berlin Wall was built in 1961.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Subsequently, the population to West Berlin was boosted by immigrants from southern Europe and Turkey, among others.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In turn, guest workers from Vietnam arrived in East Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The fall of the wall in 1989 increased the turnover of the population.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Although more than a million people have moved out of the city since then, newcomers — among them people from Eastern Europe, partly of German background — have kept the population relatively stable at 3.4 million know.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[36] [37] For most of the 1990s and the 2000s the birth rate was lower than the mortality rate, and only migration gains prevented the city's population from declining.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

More people were born again in 2007 and 2008 than died.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[38] Population composition The inhabitants of Berlin today represent a total of 195 different nationalities.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[39] Foreign nationals numbered approximately 473000 in July 2008, or 14.1% of the city's population.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[40] On top of this come people with a foreign background of German citizenship, whose exact number is difficult to assess because they are already on many knees, and there is no clear definition of the point at which a person ceases to be of “foreign background” and becomes a 'real' German .


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In 2006, a total of 8186 foreign Berliners were granted German citizenship.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[41] In 2007, the largest single group of foreigners were Turkish citizens, numbering 113779, and Berlin is often referred to as “the largest Turkish city outside Turkey”.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The next largest countries of origin were Poland (44400), Serbia (23370), Russia (14615), Italy (14446), United States (13761), France (12611), Vietnam (11615), Croatia (11029), Bosnia and Herzegovina (10576), United Kingdom (9797), Greece (9749), East Power (8813), Ukraine (8709), Lebanon (7691), Spain (6637), Bulgaria (6621), China (6013) and Thailand (5878).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[42] The highest proportion of foreigners is in the Mitte administrative region (28.3% foreign nationals).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[43] In 2006, 26% of the population was estimated to have a foreign background, and about half of these had German citizenship either because of birth or acquired citizenship in Germany.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

About 40% of the city's under-18s had a foreign background, meaning they were either born abroad or at least one of the parents has a foreign background.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[44] Of the approximately one million illegal immigrants in Germany, as many as one quarter, or about 250,000, are estimated to live in Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[45] Berlin has also been a popular migration destination for many social specialty groups.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

During the partition of the Germans, residents of West Berlin did not have to serve in the West German army, leading many young men from West Germany to emigrate there.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Because of its free-spirited atmosphere, Berlin also attracts, for example, those belonging to sexual minorities.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The mayor of Berlin, Klaus Wowereit, who relies on them, enjoys quite a lot of popular popularity.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Berlin is a very secularised city: 59% of the inhabitants do not belong to any denomination.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Lutherans make up 22.3%, Catholics 9.1% and those belonging to other Christian denominations 2.7%.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Muslims account for 6.2%, other religions 0.6%.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[46] Due to emigration from the former Eastern Bloc countries, the Jewish community in Germany, especially Berlin, is today the fastest growing in the world.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[47] [48] The dialect Berlinisch or Berlinerisch spoken in the Berlin—Brandenburg area is not actually a dialect but an evolving and influence-prone big city language.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

For centuries, the influx of migration that has arrived in Berlin has left its mark on the language.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The expressions, phonemes and sayings characteristic of the city often tell of the origin of the migrants who have settled in the city.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

For example, the word ich 'me' fits well with the Finnish mouth: it is pronounced Berlinisch [ɪk] rather than [ɪç].


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[49] Politics As the capital of Germany, Berlin is one of the most influential political centres in Europe.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Berlin, which had lost capital status after World War II, was formally regained as early as the German reunification in 1990, but it was not until the following year that key bodies of state power would also be concretely transferred from Bonn to Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The Office of the Federal President moved to Berlin in 1994, and the Bundestag, the main part of the government, as well as the Federal Council representing the Länder followed suit in 1999—2000.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The migration project received its formal decision after the Chancellor, who heads the government, settled into his newly completed agency in 2001.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

However, as a federal country, Germany is a less centralist country than, say, Finland, and a large number of ministries and other government offices are still located in Bonn and other cities, with no intention of relocating them all to Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[50] [51] The state and city Berlin is its own state () and city-state (), which makes it have quite extensive rights to decide its own affairs independently of the federal government.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Berlin's legislative body, or Parliament (), keeps its lodge in the former Prussian Landtag building.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The state government is formed by the Berlin Senate, consisting of the mayor and up to eight other senators.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[52] Since 2014, Michael Müller of the SPD, or Social Democrats, has served as mayor.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Following the 2011 state elections, a coalition government of the SPD and the CDU, or Conservatives, was formed.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In the state parliament, the SPD holds 47 and the CDU has 39 seats.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Also represented are Alliance 90/Greens (29 seats), Left Party (19 seats) and Pirate Party (15 seats).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[53] Minor parties are not represented, with a 5% vote threshold in place.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Unlike Finnish cities, Berlin's 12 administrative districts (Bezirk) also have some autonomous authority.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

They have their own parliaments (Bezirksverordnetenversammlung), elected in local elections.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

All EU citizens living in the region, including non-Germans, are eligible to vote in these elections, and the threshold is only three per cent.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The government of the administrative region serves as the “Administrative Area Agency” (Bezirksamt), which consists of the mayor (Bezirksbürgermeister) and councillors (Bezirksstadtrat) of the administrative region.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[54] Transport Public transport Berlin public transport is handled by metro trains, city trains, trams, buses and ferries.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The main responsibility for running the traffic is borne by Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe (BVG), a city-owned business company; only urban rail services are the responsibility of a separate company owned by Deutsche Bahn.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Public transport companies operating in the Berlin-Brandenburg region form a community called the Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg (VBB), where you can travel everywhere with the same ticket.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Berlin's public transport exoskeleton consists of the S-Bahn, or urban line, and U-Bahn, or metro.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Operating mainly below ground level, the subway opened in 1902.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Today, the 144.9kilometer-long metro network has nine lines and 170 stations.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The mainly above-ground urban line, on the other hand, is considered to have arisen in 1924, when the line, which had been built several decades earlier, began to be electrified.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

As its name suggests, the urban line is located almost entirely within Berlin's borders; further into the surroundings are run by separate commuter trains (RegionalBahn).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The 331-kilometer-long network of the urban line comprises 15 lines and 165 stations.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

With 1.3 million passengers passing on the urban line each weekday and 1.4 million on the subway, annualised figures are 375.8 and 457.9 million respectively.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[55] The third form of rail transport in Berlin is represented by the tramway (Straßenbahn, or Tram), which began operating as horse-operated in 1865.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Although the West Berlin tramway network was dismantled in the 1960s, the one that survived on the East Berlin side, today the 187.7km long network still belongs to the largest in the world.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

It carries 560,000 passengers every day (171 million per year).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[56] The densely operated main lines are referred to as MetroTram.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The tramway network has been extended by a few kilometres to the former West Berlin side.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[57] There are plans to further expand the network, particularly in the periphery.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[58] However, passenger numbers higher than the tramway (350 million per year [59]) exist on bus lines.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Bus services in Berlin have existed since 1847, at first the vehicles were horse-powered.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Similar to tramway lines, standard bus lines are distinguished and densely, mostly every five minutes, Metrobus lines.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Other bus categories include express buses (ExpressBus), which stop only at selected stops, and night buses (Nachtbus).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The latter are intended especially for those moving on weekdays; on weekends and before public holidays, almost all urban rail, metro, MetroTram and Metrobus lines run through the night, albeit with a thinned tide interval.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The range of transport is complemented by six ferry lines that run on and on the lakes of Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Two lines operate year-round and the rest from spring to autumn.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Car and light traffic As in other major German cities, the popularity of private motoring in Berlin is comparatively low — the city has only 289 cars per 1,000 inhabitants, with a country-wide average of 472.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[60] Instead of a car, Berliners use a lot of public transport as well as a bicycle, insofar as they do not travel on foot.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Cycling accounts for 15 per cent of the city's total traffic.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[61] The length of the Berlin street grid is 5343.2km (January 2006).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[5] On the Brandenburg side, Berlin is surrounded by a circumferential motorway, namely the Autobahn A10.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In the Berlin area, the A100 motorway circling the western centre is situated, along with some radial motorways connecting the A10 and the A100, among them the former racecourse AVUS (now A115) and the A113 completed in May 2008.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

On urban motorways, the speed limit is usually 80km/h, on other throughways usually 50km/h and local streets usually 30km/h.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

73% of all streets are covered by the latter speed limit.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[61] There are no congestion charges in Berlin, but in March 2007 a law was enacted for the whole of Germany, which introduced new types of driving restrictions based on the emissions ratings of cars.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Vehicles below a certain emission level may be equipped with a red, yellow or green sticker indicating the magnitude of emissions.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Like some other German city centres, the area remaining inside the Berlin Ring Line was declared a so-called 'Environmental Zone' () in early 2008, in whose territory the use of high-emission cars is prohibited.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The act applies both to people who seek to enter the region from outside and live in it, of which in Berlin's case there are about 1.1 million.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[62] Rail transport Berlin is an internationally important rail hub: the new Berlin Central Railway Station, opened in 2006, is the largest junction station in Europe.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[63] Long-distance services are additionally served by stations of Südkreuz, Gesundbrunnen, Ostbahnhof and Spandau.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

All of these stations have direct connections to several European countries and are also used by ICE bullet trains.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Sub-regional services (RegionalBahn) are served by a total of 22 stations in Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[64] However, Berlin's most extensive railway system is the urban line to be counted within the city's public transport, or S-Bahn, with a total of 165 stations located on its network (see.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

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above).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Air traffic in Berlin currently operates two commercial airports: Tegel (TXL), located off the western center, and Schönefeld (SXF), located on the city's southern border in Brandenburg.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Tempelhof Airport (THF), located in the Tempelhof district, closed in October 2008.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Tegel Airport is also planned to close and concentrate air traffic to the new major airport named Berlin Brandenburg International (BBI) on the site of Schönefeld Airport.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[65] Water transport Berlin water transport is not limited to public transport ferries (see


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

above) and sightseeing ferries for tourists, but also freight transport is abundant, as rivers and canals connect the city to both the Northern and Baltic Seas.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Berlin has four cargo ports: Osthafen in the eastern centre of Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg, Hafen Neukölln in Neukölln, Südhafen in Spandau, and the western centre, Westhafen in Moabit, the largest of these.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Considering that Berlin is a landlocked city, the combined freight traffic of the ports is considerable: about four million tonnes per year (roughly equivalent to the port of Turku).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[66] Economy In 2007, the growth rate of Berlin's economy was 1.8% (2.5% for all of Germany) and the city's combined gross domestic product was €81.7 billion.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[67] Since the reunification of the Germans, Berlin has suffered considerable economic difficulties despite its capital status.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The city's unemployment rate was 14.1% in spring 2008, a significantly higher figure than the average in Germany or the EU.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[68] The city is not among the richest cities in Germany, at least in terms of GDP per capita.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[69] However, according to a 2008 survey conducted by the USB, Berliners had the fourth largest purchasing power of the world's cities.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[70] Frantic construction has also debt-fuelled the city and brought it to the brink of bankruptcy.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Nor does the city have like the headquarters of two companies listed by Forbes Global 2000 (Siemens and Deutsche Bahn), but numerous German and foreign companies have branches in the city.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[71] As old industries have receded, tourism and creative economy jobs have become particularly important for the city.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

With 7.5 million hotel guests, the city is currently the third most popular tourist destination in the European Union, [72] [73] and is among the leading creative centres in Germany.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[74] Berlin is the second largest conference holding city in the world after Vienna.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[75] The city also has the Internationales Congress Centrum Berlin, or ICC, the largest convention centre in Europe.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Research and development has become very important for the city, and the Berlin-Brandenburg region is now listed among the three most innovative regions in the European Union.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[76] [77] The fast-growing sectors also include telecommunications, biological sciences, communications and information technology services, media and music, advertising and design, biotechnology and environmental protection services, transportation, and medical planning.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[78] The Berlin-Adlershof Science and Business Park is the largest technology park in Germany and is also among the 15 largest technology parks in the world.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[79] [80] In 2004 the largest employers in Berlin were [82] Deutsche Bahn AG (German State Railways) 19600 employees in Berlin Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (pharmaceutical factory) 15000 Siemens AG (electronics) 14600 Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe (BVG) 13400 Bankgesellschaft Berlin AG 12900 Vivantes-Netzwerk für Gesundheit GmbH (hospital group) 12000 Deutsche Post AG 12000 Deutsche Telekom AG 10000 Karstadt Warenhaus AG 8000 DaimlerChrysler Group 6900 Media Berlin has numerous television and radio stations, so regional, national and international.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[83] More daily newspapers appear in Berlin than in any other German city: among others the Berliner Zeitung, Der Tagesspiegel, Die Tageszeitung, Berliner Kurier, Berliner Morgenpost, as well as the most famous of newspapers, Die Welt, which is read all over Germany and which moved its headquarters Hamburg to Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Because Berlin is the capital of Germany, there are plenty of journalists and correspondents from all over Germany and the world.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[30] Education in Berlin operates four universities and several other educational institutions.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The total number of students in the city is 130,000.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[84] The three major universities are the oldest Humboldt University in the city (ca.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

37,000 students), [85] the Freie Universität Berlin (about 34000 students) founded on the western side after the partition of Berlin, [86], and the Technische Universität Berlin (28000 students) established on the western side.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[87] University of the Arts Universität der Künste is markedly smaller (4300 students).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Instruction is given there in both music and display house arts, fine arts architecture, media design and design.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[88] Berlin employs a total of 62000 scientists in research and development at the city's universities and research institutes.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[30] Health Services Berlin has a long tradition as a center of medicine and medical technology.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[89] The history of medicine was influenced in abundance by Berlin-based scientists, such as Rudolf Virchow, who has significantly developed pathology and discovered leukaemia, and Robert Koch, known as a pioneer in microbiology.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[90] The Charité Hospital Complex is today the largest university hospital in Europe.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Founded as far back as 1710, it is also one of the oldest hospitals still in operation in Europe.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The hospital has 3300 beds, students around 8000 and staff about 14000, and also has more than 60 operating rooms and a yearly exchange of over 1 billion euros.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[91] Charité is a joint institution of the Free University of Berlin and the University of Berlin in Humboldt, including a wide range of institutes and medical qualification centers.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Among them are the German Heart Center, one of the most reputed transplant centers, the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine and the Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In addition to this, many research departments of industrial companies, such as Siemens and Schering, complement scientific research and competence.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Architecture and Cityscape City Structure Multipolarity Within the current boundaries of Berlin there are many areas that were already independent villages or towns in the Middle Ages.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Some of them are even older than Berlin itself, for example Spandau or Köpenick.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

For this reason, among other things, and because of the early partition of the Berlin Wall, Berlin does not have a single superior city surrounded by mere suburbs, but has more centres formed over a long period of time with different regional appeal.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Downtown activities, such as services and jobs, are spread over a fairly wide area, and the transport system is largely network-like, so that the need for business in the actual city centre is limited for many.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[92] [93] The actual city centres in Berlin are often thought to have two.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The other is the western centre (“City West”) around the Zoologischer Garten railway station, Kurfürstendamm, Breitscheidplatz and Tauentzienstraße in the boroughs of Charlottenburg and Schöneberg.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[94] The other is the eastern or historic centre in the district of Mitte, with distinction around Unter den Linden, Friedrichstraße, Hackescher Markt and Alexanderplatz.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

However, centrist areas in terms of service level and cityscape can also be found in many other boroughs, for example the market street along Schloßstraße from Steglitz or along Karl-Marx-Straße in Neukölln.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Kantakaupunki and suburban areas The area, which in Finnish might be called Kantakaupunki (German usually Innenstadt), covers the inner area of the ring track and, in some places, a zone extending several kilometres around it (for example, Wedding and Friedenau are located outside the ring track ).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[95] Depending on the definition, the area is between 10 and 15 kilometres in diameter.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Approximately 1.2 million people live in the area defined as Innenstadt by the Berlin—Brandenburg Central Statistical Agency.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[96] The area is characterised by the close-fitting set quarters of the 19th century, the Gründerzeit period and the Vilheline period.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Stone-foot shops and plentiful other services make the area lively.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Houses are usually about 5 storeys tall; going towards the midtown, the number of storeys rises slightly, but towers well above their surroundings are sparse.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Areas well preserved of their original character can be found in Prenzlauer Berg, Friedrichshain, Kreuzberg, Neukölln, Schöneberg, Wilmersdorf and Charlottenburg, among others.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

However, during the reconstruction of areas destroyed in World War II, particularly in East Berlin, areas completely different from the previous cityscape, such as the surroundings of Karl-Marx-Allee, emerged.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In the early 20th century a lot of Siedlungs (new construction areas) were built near Wilhelm Berlin, which are looser and less lively (for example, the famous Hufeisensiedlung in Britz).