Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

[3] Batman (1966) The 1966 Batman is an adaptation of the television series of the same name that aired from 1966 to 1968.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

Adam West plays the role of Batman and Robin is played by Burt Ward.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

[4] Tim Burton/Joel Schumacher in Batman (1989) Warner Bros.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

hired Tim Burton as director of the first part of a new film series in 1984.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

Several movie stars were envisioned for the role of Batman before Michael Keaton was chosen for the lead role.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

Jack Nicholson got the role of The Joker.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

Produced on a budget of $35 million, Batman grossed over $410 million at the box office.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

[5] Batman — Return (1992) Burton directed the Batman sequel and Keaton continued in the role of Batman.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

Catwoman starred Michelle Pfeiffer and Penguin starred Danny DeVito.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

The film grossed less box office than its predecessor, but was still well received by critics.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

[6] [7] Batman Forever (1995) Joel Schumacher directed Batman Forever and Val Kilmer played Batman.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

Other starring roles were played by Tommy Lee Jones, Jim Carrey and Nicole Kidman, and Chris O'Donnell as Robin.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

The film received worse reviews than its predecessor, but grossed $336 million at the box office.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

[8] Batman & Robin (1997) Joel Schumacher directed Batman & Robin and George Clooney played Batman and Chris O'Donnell reprised his role as Robin.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

Other starring roles were played by Arnold Schwarzenegger, Uma Thurman and Alicia Silverstone as Bat Girl.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

The bad publicity the film received ended the film series.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

At the box office, the film grossed $238 million.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

[9] Christopher Nolan Christopher Nolan directed three Batman films between 2005 and 2012 in which Christian Bale played Batman.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

Batman Begins (2005) Warner Bros.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

hired Christopher Nolan and David S. Goyer to screenwrite Batman Begins after Joss Whedon's proposed Batman film was rejected in 2002.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

They aimed for a darker and more realistic tone with humanity and realism at the base of the film.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

Christian Bale starred as Batman, Liam Neeson played Ra's al Ghul and Cillian Murphy played Scarecrow.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

Katie Holmes played Bruce Wayne's valentine Rachel Dawes, who was created in the film.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

Michael Caine starred as Alfred and Gary Oldman played Jim Gordon.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

[10] The Dark Knight (2008) Nolan returned to directing and brought his brother Jonathan along to screenwrite the second part of the trilogy.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

Christian Bale continued in the role of Batman, while Katie Holmes was replaced by Maggie Gyllenhaal.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

Heath Ledger starred as The Joker and Aaron Eckhart played Harvey Dent.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

Return of the Dark Knight (2012) The third and last of the Batman films directed by Nolan focused on Batman's battle against Bane, played by Tom Hardy.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

Anne Hathaway plays Selina Kyle, Joseph Gordon-Levitt plays John Blake and Marion Cotillard plays Miranda Tate.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

Worlds of DC Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016) The film, directed by Zack Snyder in March 2016, features DC Comics comic book characters Batman and Superman.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

Batman in the film is played by Ben Affleck.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

The Batman (2021) In October 2014, it was announced that a new Batman film was going to be released between 2016 and 2020.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

[11] In July 2015, it was revealed that Ben Affleck had also been in negotiations to become the director of that film as well as co-screenwriter Geoff Johns.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

[12] In March 2016, another of William Morris Endeavor's CEOs, Patrick Whitesell, confirmed Affleck had already done the script for a Batman solo film.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

[13] In April, Warner Bros.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

confirmed Affleck would be coming to direct the film.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

[14] In May 2016, Jeremy Irons as being involved in “The Realization of the Batman”, [15] with Affleck confirming that the film would borrow elements from the comics but would be predominantly an “original story”.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

[16] In August 2016, Affleck posted a biopic of Slade Wilson/Deathstroke on Twitter.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

In September, Johns revealed Joe Manganiello had been chosen to play the character.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

[17] In December 2016, Greg Silverman confirmed that the film will premiere in 2018.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

[18] In an interview with The Guardian, Affleck stated that the film does not yet have an approved script, and that he will direct the film only if he feels the film is great.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

[19] In January 2017, Affleck announced that he would not direct the film in order to focus on playing the lead role.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

However, he still continues to work as a screenwriter, producer and presenter of the lead.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

[20] In addition, Chris Terrio made a new script for the film.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

[21] In February 2017, it was confirmed that the film would be titled The Batman and that Matt Reeves would direct the film.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

[22] In June, Reeves said the film would focus on the character's detective side with a Hitchcock-influenced noir style that emphasizes Batman's mind and heart in storytelling techniques.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

[23] In July, Reeves confirmed that the script would be rewritten to fit his style and vision for the film.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

[24] In August 2018, Reeves was present on a panel at the Television Critics Association and revealed details about the film.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

He confirmed The Batman would be an original noir-style story without an origin story.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

He also revealed that the script was almost complete and that the film will be set in the Worlds of DC universe.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

[25] Affleck is still one of the film's producers, but will not return to the role of the title character.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

Filming is scheduled to begin in spring 2019.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

[26] The scheduled premiere of The Batman is on June 25, 2021.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

[27] Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Reinhart, Mark S.| title= The Batman Filmography| publisher = McFarland| year = 2004| isbn=978-1-4766-0632-3| language = Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Who has directed Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice?

Batman in the Movies

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.| format = [online version]}} References *


Question: What is the largest city in North America?

North America

North America is a continent located in the Northern Hemisphere north of South America, between the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Oceans.


Question: What is the largest city in North America?

North America

It has an area of about 24480,000 square kilometers and a population of more than 530 million.


Question: What is the largest city in North America?

North America

It is the third largest continent by area, after Asia and Africa, and the fourth largest in terms of population after Asia, Africa and Europe.


Question: What is the largest city in North America?

North America

There are 38 countries in total in North America.


Question: What is the largest city in North America?

North America

There are three major states on the continent: Canada, Mexico and the United States, which comprise most of North America.


Question: What is the largest city in North America?

North America

In addition to these, Central America and the Caribbean are generally considered to be part of North America as well.


Question: What is the largest city in North America?

North America

Greenland, which belongs to Denmark, is also geographically included in North America.


Question: What is the largest city in North America?

North America

The geography of North America covers an area of about 24240000 km².


Question: What is the largest city in North America?

North America

[1] The dominant mountain range on the continent is the Cordillieers, which extends through the western part of the continent from Alaska to the Isthmus of Central America.


Question: What is the largest city in North America?

North America

Cordillieers is a young warp mountain that was elevated when the American and Pacific menrenllaires encountered.


Question: What is the largest city in North America?

North America

The Rocky Mountains are the highest mountains in North America, reaching heights of more than four miles.


Question: What is the largest city in North America?

North America

The U.S. East Coast Appalachians is an older mountain range, and it soars at its highest point to two miles.


Question: What is the largest city in North America?

North America

The inner part of the continent consists of plains and lowlands.


Question: What is the largest city in North America?

North America

[2] The mountains of Central America are often sharp, and especially south of México and the Caribbean there are several active volcanoes.


Question: What is the largest city in North America?

North America

[3] The highest point on the continent is Denali in Alaska (6194 m) and the shallowest at Badwater in Death Valley (−86 m).


Question: What is the largest city in North America?

North America

[1] The most prominent rivers in North America include the Missouri, Mississippi, Rio Grande, and Saint Lawrence.


Question: What is the largest city in North America?

North America

The United States-Canada border the Great Lakes, the largest of which are Upper Lake; also in Canada there are large lakes such as Big Bear Lake [1].


Question: What is the largest city in North America?

North America

In the western parts of the United States, the mountain ranges are interspersed with deserts, enclosed reservoirs, and salt lakes.


Question: What is the largest city in North America?

North America

[2] The most famous waterfall on the continent is Niagara.


Question: What is the largest city in North America?

North America

[1] Climate and vegetation The climate of North America varies from region to region.


Question: What is the largest city in North America?

North America

Most of the continent is humid, with the exception of the dry zone of the southwestern United States, basins of the Rocky Mountains, and northeastern Mexico.


Question: What is the largest city in North America?

North America

Tornadoes occur over a wide area of the central United States, with frequent hurricanes passing into southern parts of the continent from the Caribbean Sea.


Question: What is the largest city in North America?

North America

[2] Central America is located in the tropics, but elevation differences cause climate variation so that low-lying areas have hot and humid climate but temperate in higher regions.


Question: What is the largest city in North America?

North America

[3] Deciduous trees thrive well in the temperate eastern regions of the United States, California grows leather-leafed vegetation, and large tree species such as redwood thrive along the Pacific coast.


Question: What is the largest city in North America?

North America

Subboreal forest grows in the subboreal area.


Question: What is the largest city in North America?

North America

The central parts of the continent are covered by prairie.


Question: What is the largest city in North America?

North America

In the north of the subboreal zone, there is tundra vegetation in Canada and Alaska.


Question: What is the largest city in North America?

North America

Among other things, elk, black and grizzly bears, lyxes and beavers, as well as various deers live in the forests.


Question: What is the largest city in North America?

North America

[2] Vegetation in Central America ranges from forests in moist areas to shrubby vegetation in dry areas.


Question: What is the largest city in North America?

North America

[3] Population and culture Population in North America was home to approximately 462 million people in 2000, which is 8% of the total world population.


Question: What is the largest city in North America?

North America

The largest population group are descendants of European settlers, who are majority in the United States, Canada, and some Central American countries.


Question: What is the largest city in North America?

North America

The number of descendants of slaves imported from Africa is the highest number in the United States and proportionally the majority in Belize and some Caribbean islands such as Haiti.


Question: What is the largest city in North America?

North America

The indigenous inhabitants of the continent include Native Americans and Eskimos.


Question: What is the largest city in North America?

North America

Native Americans are proportionately home to Mexico and other parts of Central America.


Question: What is the largest city in North America?

North America

The Caribbean Indians have already disappeared.


Question: What is the largest city in North America?

North America

[4] Languages The most spoken languages in North America are English and Spanish.


Question: What is the largest city in North America?

North America

Some French and Dutch are also spoken, as well as the various Native American languages of the indigenous population.


Question: What is the largest city in North America?

North America

[2] [3] In the northern parts of the continent, Eskimo languages are additionally spoken.


Question: What is the largest city in North America?

North America

[5] Religions Christianity is the largest religion in North America.


Question: What is the largest city in North America?

North America

The majority of English-speaking Christians are Protestants, and Spanish- and French-speaking Roman Catholics.


Question: What is the largest city in North America?

North America

Some of the population of European origin are Orthodox or Jews of the East.


Question: What is the largest city in North America?

North America

The Inuit have their own traditional Shamani religions, the Haitians have voodoo of African origin and the Cubans have santeria.


Question: What is the largest city in North America?

North America

[4] Countries and territories Independent states Non-independent states Sources * Category:Key articles on screening


Question: Are bonds between molecules stronger than bonds between atoms?

Chemical bond

A chemical bond is the force formed by electrons holding a chemical compound together.


Question: Are bonds between molecules stronger than bonds between atoms?

Chemical bond

There are several different types of bonds, but they are all based on forces between atomic nuclei and electrons.


Question: Are bonds between molecules stronger than bonds between atoms?

Chemical bond

Strong chemical bonds include ionic bond, covalent bond, and metal bond.


Question: Are bonds between molecules stronger than bonds between atoms?

Chemical bond

The bond can also be between the covalent and ionic bond.


Question: Are bonds between molecules stronger than bonds between atoms?

Chemical bond

Covalent bonds occur between nonmetal atoms and ionic bonds between nonmetal and metal atoms.


Question: Are bonds between molecules stronger than bonds between atoms?

Chemical bond

In addition, there are weak bonds such as van der Waals force, dipole-dipole bond, and hydrogen bond.


Question: Are bonds between molecules stronger than bonds between atoms?

Chemical bond

[1] A bond arises spontaneously if atoms can release energy by binding.


Question: Are bonds between molecules stronger than bonds between atoms?

Chemical bond

Covalent bond A covalent bond can form between two nonmetal atoms.


Question: Are bonds between molecules stronger than bonds between atoms?

Chemical bond

In the typical case, covalent bonds hold together molecules formed by two or more atoms, while much weaker bonds (dipole-dipole bond or van der Waals force) are affected between molecules.


Question: Are bonds between molecules stronger than bonds between atoms?

Chemical bond

Such compounds are called molecular compounds.


Question: Are bonds between molecules stronger than bonds between atoms?

Chemical bond

However, there are also substances, for example diamond, where covalent bonds alone hold a whole crystal together.


Question: Are bonds between molecules stronger than bonds between atoms?

Chemical bond

Covalent bonds are divided into simple, double and triple bonds according to the number of electron pairs involved in them.


Question: Are bonds between molecules stronger than bonds between atoms?

Chemical bond

Bondsplit-electron pairs labeling exampleSimple bond1— or:Binding double bond between two carbon atoms of ethane 2= or: ::Bonding between two carbon atoms of ethylene Triple bond3≡ or: :::Bond between two carbon atoms of Etyle The ionic bond can form between an electropositive metal and an electronegative nonmetal or multi-atomic ion.


Question: Are bonds between molecules stronger than bonds between atoms?

Chemical bond

A multi-atomic ion is formed by covalent bonds from interconnected atoms.


Question: Are bonds between molecules stronger than bonds between atoms?

Chemical bond

The more electronegative party is so strongly attracted to the bonding electrons that they practically pass to it completely.


Question: Are bonds between molecules stronger than bonds between atoms?

Chemical bond

In this case, the electropositive ion (cation) acquires a positive charge and the electronegative ion (anion) in turn receives a negative charge.


Question: Are bonds between molecules stronger than bonds between atoms?

Chemical bond

Unlike a covalent bond, where electrons are in common, the ionic bond relies on the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.


Question: Are bonds between molecules stronger than bonds between atoms?

Chemical bond

However, a completely ionic bond does not exist; ionic bonds always have a slightly covalent character (as in covalent bonds can have ionic nature).


Question: Are bonds between molecules stronger than bonds between atoms?

Chemical bond

However, bonds of more than 50% ionic nature are considered ionic bonds.


Question: Are bonds between molecules stronger than bonds between atoms?

Chemical bond

Metal atoms donate electrons and nonmetal atoms or molecules absorb them.


Question: Are bonds between molecules stronger than bonds between atoms?

Chemical bond

In this case, the electrical attraction between charged atoms or groups of atoms binds them together.


Question: Are bonds between molecules stronger than bonds between atoms?

Chemical bond

Charged atoms or groups of atoms are called ions.


Question: Are bonds between molecules stronger than bonds between atoms?

Chemical bond

The ionic bond is thus an electromagnetic interaction between a cation and an anion.


Question: Are bonds between molecules stronger than bonds between atoms?

Chemical bond

Compounds containing an ionic bond, or ionic compounds, are referred to as salt.


Question: Are bonds between molecules stronger than bonds between atoms?

Chemical bond

In salts, ions exist as a regular ion lattice.


Question: Are bonds between molecules stronger than bonds between atoms?

Chemical bond

Due to ions, their fuses conduct electricity.


Question: Are bonds between molecules stronger than bonds between atoms?

Chemical bond

Ionic nature and electronegativity difference Types of bonds based on electronegativity differences (Pauling scale) Electronegativity Erosbond type0 - 1,7Covalent bond over 1,7Ion bond The nature of the bond can be viewed by those involved based on the electronegativity differences of atoms.


Question: Are bonds between molecules stronger than bonds between atoms?

Chemical bond

The electronegativity values are characteristic of each element.


Question: Are bonds between molecules stronger than bonds between atoms?

Chemical bond

The electronegativity difference between two atoms of the same element is therefore zero.


Question: Are bonds between molecules stronger than bonds between atoms?

Chemical bond

The covalent bond between two atoms of the same nonmetal is then symmetrically covalent, and the bond has only covalent character.


Question: Are bonds between molecules stronger than bonds between atoms?

Chemical bond

If the electronegativity difference of nonmetal atoms is greater than zero, the covalent bond between them also exhibits features of the ionic compound, ionic nature.


Question: Are bonds between molecules stronger than bonds between atoms?

Chemical bond

The increase in ionic nature manifests itself in the polarity of the covalent compound.


Question: Are bonds between molecules stronger than bonds between atoms?

Chemical bond

In this case, the more electronegative of the bond atoms attracts electrons more.


Question: Are bonds between molecules stronger than bonds between atoms?

Chemical bond

A partial charge is commonly denoted by a lowercase delta letter for an atom and a plus or minus symbol attached to its superscript according to the charge.


Question: Are bonds between molecules stronger than bonds between atoms?

Chemical bond

If the electronegativity difference between nonmetal atoms is greater than 0.4 according to the Pauling scale, the compound may be generally regarded as a pool covalent bond.


Question: Are bonds between molecules stronger than bonds between atoms?

Chemical bond

For ionic bonds between metal and nonmetal atoms, the differences are more than 1.7 — however, even these bonds exhibit slight electron sharing and thus have a slightly covalent character.


Question: Are bonds between molecules stronger than bonds between atoms?

Chemical bond

There is no bond that has mere ionic nature.


Question: Are bonds between molecules stronger than bonds between atoms?

Chemical bond

Sources on the topic elsewhere Category:Key articles on screening


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

Church buildings in Finland began to be built as Christianity spread to Finland.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

The remains of a 12th-century church building were found in Ravattula, Kaarina 2013.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

The oldest surviving buildings in Finland are churches in Åland from the late 13th century.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

Around the same time, the earliest stone churches in mainland Finland to the present day were made: Nousiainen, Turku Cathedral (enlarged later) and Mynämäki.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

[2] Elsewhere in Finland stone churches began to be built mainly in the early 15th century.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

[3] The last wooden churches dating back to the Middle Ages burned down during the 20th century, for example the church in Saloinen burnt down in 1930.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

[4] [5] Churches Features Materials Finland has always used the most wood as building material for houses.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

Probably already in the 8th century, the technique of horizontal or lama latching became established as a method of construction under Russian-Byzantine influence.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

The largest hongas were used for churches.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

[6] So-called rod churches have not been built in Finland, or at least no reliable records have been preserved about them.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

[7] For a long time, the main tool was an axe to salve the trees, and a saw was not needed in log construction.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

It was only with the development of the sawmill industry in the 18th century that churches began to be curtained with planking.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

[6] The popularity of wooden construction at the expense of stone construction has been influenced by the lack of easily malleable, soft stone species.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

In the countries from which building styles arrived in Finland during the Middle Ages, brick was a low-cost building material, and decorations were easy to form from soft lime or sandstone.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

Finnish granite, on the other hand, was almost impossible to work, and brickmaking was also inconvenient in many areas.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

Therefore, the walls of medieval churches were built of natural stone, and the decorations of windows, doors and gables were constructed of brick.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

Thus, the use of materials was completely opposite to their prequels.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

[8] Workability problems persisted for a long time, but stone was considered a Finnish building material.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

The stone had symbolic significance, especially at the time of National Romanticism.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

Vilho Penttilä wrote in the Finnish Industrial Journal in 1896 that brick should be the main building material in Finland because it could replace soft stone types.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

Despite this, the state of the brick industry was poor for many more years.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

[9] Building types and their parts Traditionally church buildings in Finland are long churches or cross churches, the role of which is the central building of the Renaissance.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

In long churches, the floor plan has the longitudinal direction prevailing.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

The main parts of the long church are the frame room, the sacristy, the arms room, and often the tower.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

The Cross Church arrived in Finland in the 1660s.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

During the cross-church form, the Long Church had a disparaged status and congregations were often given a cross church, while chapel municipalities were allowed to settle for a long church.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

More long churches began to be built from the mid-19th century, as early Christian church tradition began to be appreciated anew.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

[10] The Lutheran church building includes a sacristy, an altar, a church hall and a vestibule.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

The pulpit and pews in it appeared in the 17th century.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

[11] Possibly the Lutheran church also has an organ loft and side shoals.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

In an Orthodox church building, the altar and the church hall are distinguished by an iconostasis, or iconic wall.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

The Orthodox Church does not have an organ loft and according to Russian tradition there are seats only for frail elderly people.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

There is a belfry near the church building.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

The ringing of bells is used to signal a call to worship and are also rung when announcing the dead.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

There may be a cemetery near the church.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

History The first churches were built in Finland as early as the 12th century, possibly as early as the second half of the 10th century.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

[7] Initially wood was used as building material for churches.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

The earliest churches may have been private churches built by proxies within their house groups, but no trace of them has survived anywhere.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

[7] There was a transformation in church construction between 1220 and 1250, when congregations were established.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

Wooden parish churches were probably built in about 40 localities.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

The oldest known traces of parish churches are from Sontamala in Nousiainen from the early 13th century, when the Episcopal Church of Nousiainen was moved to Korois.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

Other wooden church remains are dated to the 14th century at the earliest.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

[7] Later in the Middle Ages stone became the most important building material for churches.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

The basic design of the stone churches was rectangular in shape.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

On the north side of the church, near the east end was the sacristy and on the south side of the church, near the west end the arms room.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

The altar was located in the eastern part of the church.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

There were no windows on the north side of the church, as at that time it was believed evil came from there.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

Churches commonly had sharp-crested pile roofs and pediments were decorated with bricks and truss closets.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

In Åland, west towers were built in the oldest churches.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

Elsewhere, a belfry was normally built in place of them in connection with the churchyard fence.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

[12] There are also lime paintings on the walls of churches, of which there are mainly two types.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

Builder paintings are paintings of primitive influence, likely painted from their scaffolding by the builders of churches.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

The second group of paintings consists of paintings made by professionals that were made for finished churches, sometimes on top of builder paintings.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

Common subjects for paintings were garlands and plants.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

In addition, professional painters in particular made personal and event images related to the Bible and saint narratives.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

[13] In Finland stone churches began to be built in 104 localities during the Middle Ages.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

Fifty-one of them have survived in roughly their original form.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

Extensive alterations have been made to 14 churches.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

There are five ruins.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

30 have been completely demolished and from some sites it is unknown whether or not the sacristy that initiated the stone church project was built.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

[12] Churches after Reformation The last churches of the Catholic period were consecrated in the 1550s.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

Subsequently, much of the church's tax privilege was removed, causing the construction of stone churches to end.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

Many stone churches remained unfinished, and no new projects were started for decades.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

[14] Churches, however, continued to be built of wood that had been used through the Middle Ages alongside stone.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

[10] Even after the Reformation, churches represented almost purely log construction until the middle of the 19th century.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

[15] The interior of the old churches was modernized to conform to the Lutheran Reformation and the churches removed valuables to the Crown and structures that were unnecessary to religion.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

However, there was little change in the interior of the churches, as the Lutheran Church's conception of church decoration is quite close to Catholic.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

The murals were left mostly intact.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

In the 17th century, the main altar was moved in many churches beside the wall and the baptismal chalice was moved from the central aisle near the altar.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

[14] Although wooden churches were common in the 17th century, some stone churches were built.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

The first stone church built after the Middle Ages was laid in New Town 1623—29.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

In the same century, the stone churches of Askaisten, Mietoinen, Paimio and Tammisaari were also laid.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

[10] In medieval fashion, the church was still rectangular and especially to the bottomland wooden churches a west tower was added, which were useful as sea markers.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

Of the wooden churches, the buttressed church had a strong position.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

Alongside the Long Churches came the Cross Church, the oldest implementations of which date from the 1660s.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

The new cross-church fashion did not arise spontaneously in Finland; it was influenced by the leading church architecture of the great power.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

[16] Much of the churches were built at the instigation of nobles and burghers, but in more remote localities, the construction of a wooden church required the effective contribution of the Crown, according to Lars Pettersson.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

[16] The nobility donated various items to decorate churches, among them coat of arms shields and swords, which were kept after use on the walls of the church.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

Such can be seen in the church of Askaiste, Hollola, Pernaya and Sauvo, among others.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

In the 17th—18th century, the construction of wooden churches passed to individual folk masters.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

Churches became towered longchurches and cross churches.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

In the 18th century, 11 stone churches and 130 wooden churches were built.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

Construction was weighted towards the end of the century, which was the golden age of cross churches.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

[17] [15] The precursors were churches in Stockholm, such as Catherine's Church, which from 1656 onwards were built until the 1690s.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

[17] The Northern masters did not move to cross churches until the 18th century, but eventually developed many inventive variations, such as the twenty-four-cornered church.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

In Eastern Finland, efforts were made to enlarge cross churches according to their own prequels.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

Common were double cross churches, with space-clearing projections built into the inner corners of the cross.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

[17] The paintings on the interior walls and ceiling of the church depicted human figures.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

The most famous interior church painter of that time was Mikael Toppelius.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

The subjects of the paintings included events in the Old Testament, as well as subjects related to the life and suffering of Christ.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

By the end of the 18th century, paintings in the interiors of churches in southern Finland declined, color tones lightened, and the altarpiece could be replaced with a wooden cross alone.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

The church was no longer a burial site, but began to be built separate burial chapels of burial reputation.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

Typical churches of that time include Keuruu and Purmo Church.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

From 1776 onwards, the construction of churches, like all public buildings, was overseen by a superintendent from Stockholm.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

[18] Period of Autonomy From Gustavian Classicism to St. Petersburg Empire, the intendent branch that was set up in Finland in the time of Autonomy had a position almost similar to that of the Swedish Office of Superintendent.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

The king's power passed to the Emperor, who nevertheless delegated it to the Finance Department of the Senate.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

The Executive Rule of the Intendant Branch stipulated that wooden public buildings were to be built only from a separate supplication, and that the branch was to produce plans for churches and claps without compensation if the congregation was unable to acquire them.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

[20] Charles Bassi 1810—24, Carl Ludvig Engel 1824—40 and Ernst Bernhard Lohrmann 1841-65 served as Intendents.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

Independent church builders moved to implement the branch plans, but 21 churches were built without them.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

[20] Forty-three churches were built in the Bass period, [20] which can be considered as belonging to Gustavian classicism.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

The most significant church building in Bass is the wooden Tampere Old Church.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

[21] In addition, the Bass Branch designed a multitude of modernised variations of the folksy twofolds proposed by the congregations.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

[22] Under Engel there was a transition to the so-called St. Petersburg Empire style, and 44 churches were built.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

The interior chamfered cross church, which includes a high octagonal attic and associated dome with lanternines, has been considered the most characteristic church type of Engel's Empire period.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

These churches are represented by the churches of Alajärvi, Lapua, Isojoki, Pyhäjoki, Heinävesi, Saarijärvi, Luumäki, Veteli and Kymi, built in 1826—49.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

[23] In Engel's period, the intendent branch also deepened into neo-Gothic.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

The tapuls of Töysä and Ylihärmä were the first Neo-Gothic works before the restoration of Turku Cathedral after the Turku Fire.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

[24] Engel's main work for churches is the Helsinki Cathedral, which was one of the most polished examples of the type he represented in its original outfit.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

Later, despite Engel's opposition, the main guard building was demolished in front of the church to make way for the monumental steps and in the Lohrmann period, corner towers with domes were added to the church.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

[19] Disintegrating classicism and refresher styles during Ernst Lohrmann's intendent period, the clear Empire style broke down into a more varied expression.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

Altogether 72 churches were built, and the ideals of classicism were replaced by historicist themes of Romanticism and Gothic.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

This was influenced by the Berlin paragons of the time and the increased number of designers.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

[24] [25] Lohrmann designed a lot of long churches in the west tower, an example being the Church of Ylistaro, built of brick and greystone.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

The largest wooden church in the world was built in Kerimäki.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

Kerimäki Church represents a kind of Empire Gothic, showing the influence of the circular arch style popular in Europe at the time.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

[25] The circular arch style () combined ingredients from Early Christian, Byzantine, Normandy, Romanesque and Early Renaissance architecture.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

This mixed style plays a central role in the Finnish church architecture of the time, and many of the churches designated as Neo-Gothic are more of its representatives.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

Of the churches of the Lohrmann period, only G.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

Designed by T. Chiewitz and Carl Johan von Heideken, the Central Pori Church is comparable to the purely neo-Gothic cathedrals of Central Europe.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

[26] In the era of refresher styles, until the late 1890s, the styles of the Middle Ages were considered best suited to churches.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

Also popular with the Neo-Renaissance in other architecture, Romanic and Gothic were applied to churches, which had been favoured by the Eisenacher Code used by German evangelical church builders, which had appeared in 1861.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

Neo-Gothic was especially used in cities when there was a desire to build spectacularly.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

Also in the more voluminous wooden churches, Gothic stylistic features were applied in such a way that the tapered arch impression was imitated through triangular shapes, roses and diamond panes on the windows.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

[27] National Romanticism and Art Nouveau came to light.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

The most prominent churches of this time are the Tampere Cathedral of Lars Sonck, Mikaelinkirkko in Turku, and the Kallio Church in Helsinki.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

The most prolific architect of National Romantic church architecture is probably Josef Stenbäck, whose designs included the churches of Nilsia, Raahe and Koivisto.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

In the 20th century, functionalism was visible in church construction.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

The churches were built to be multi-purpose with parish halls and hobby spaces.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

The floor plans were very diverse.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

The interiors became reduced.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

Famous Finnish church builders Antti Hakola Matti Honka Matti Härmä Antti Piimänen Mikael Piimänen Jakob Rijf Simon Silvén Matti Åkerblom Mats Åkergren See also Finnish medieval stone churches Neo-Gothic in Finland List of churches List Medieval stone churches in Finland List of Lutheran churches in Finland List of Finnish Orthodox churches List of Catholic churches in Finland Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Parviola, Jarno & Deer, Raija & Vaaramo, Riitta| title = Churkkotieto- Major religions| publisher = WSOY| year = 2005| id = ISBN 951-35-5652-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lukkarinen, Ville| title = Ars Finnish Art 3| number = Church Architecture 1809—1865| location = Keuruu| publisher = Otava| year = | accessdate = 18.7.2009} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Nikula, Riitta| title = Outline of Finnish Architecture | location = Helsing| publisher = Otava| year = 2005| id = ISBN 951-1-20141-7}} References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Gardberg, C. J. & Heininen, Simo & Welin, P. O.| title = National Shrine: Turku Cathedral 1300—2000| location = Helsinki| publisher = Tamm| year = 2000| id = ISBN 951-31-1398-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Heikkilä, Tuomas| title = Saints and pile roofs: Culture: Excursions in Finland churches| location = Helsinki| publisher = Bookshop| year = 2009| version = Images and pilgrimage routes: Liisa Suvikumpu| id = ISBN 978-951-607-839-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hiekanen, Markus| title = Finnish stone churches in the Middle Ages In | publisher = Otava| year = 2003| id = ISBN 951-1-15126-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hiekanen, Markus| title = Finnish Middle Ages Stone Churches | location = Helsinki| publisher = Society of Finnish Literature | year = 2007| version = Editorials of the Finnish Literary Society 1117| id = ISBN 978-951-746-861-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kuorikoski, Arto (ed.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

) | title = Faith Spaces and Images: Modern Finnish Church Architecture and Art| location = Helsinki| publisher = Finnish Theological Literature Society| year = 2008| version = Publications of the Finnish Theological Literature Society 260| id = ISBN 978-952-9791-74-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Neuvonen, Petri| title = Vyborg: Seven Centuries of Building Heritage | location = Helsinki| publisher = Society of Finnish Literature | year = 2008| version = Editorials of the Finnish Literary Society 1156| id = ISBN 978-951-746-973-9}} On the topic elsewhere.


Question: When was the first church in Finland built?

Church architecture in Finland

* church architecture


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Ulvila () is a town located in the province of Satakunta.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Ulvila is located on the Kokemäenjoki, next door to Pori.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Its neighbouring municipalities are, besides Pori, Harjavalta, Kokemäki, Nakkila and Sastamala.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The town centre consists of two agglomerations located in different parts of Kokemäenjoki, Friitala and Vanastakylä.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Ulvila is inhabited by people, [1] and covers an area of km², of which km² are bodies of water.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

[2] Population density is Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character “[”.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The history of the city of Ulvila is long: it was founded in 1365, making it one of the six medieval cities in Finland and the second oldest city in Finland after Turku.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Ulvila lost its urban rights to Pori in 1558 when the then port of Ulvila had become unpassable for ships due to land uplift.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

442 years later, since 2000, the municipality of Ulvila has once again been referred to as the city itself.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The city of Ulvila took its current form when the municipality of Kulla was annexed to it in 2005.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

On 15 and 29 December 2008, Ulvila City Council decided on a municipal union with Nakkila, Harjavalta and Kokemäki.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The joint (project named Nauhakaupunki) was to take effect in early 2011.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

However, on 2 March 2009, the new council, which started from the beginning of 2009, decided to dissolve the union agreement.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Ulvila Region newspaper appears in Ulvila Region, with a circulation of 3243.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

[3] History Prehistory Continental ice retreats Continental ice retreated from the Ulvila region around 7600—7500 BCE.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Ulvila was not yet habitable, as the area was covered by a sea about 200 metres deep.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The uppermost peripheral parts of Ulvila began to rise above the surface of the sea around 2000 BCE.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

[4] The inhabited parts of Stone Age Ulvila are mostly rather shallow, flat Kokemäjoki valley, so the area has been heavily affected by land uplift.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

There are signs of a hunter and seal catcher settlement belonging to the Kiukaiste culture from the Stone Age.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Farming in the area began in the Bronze Age, when the grain plains were introduced for farming use.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Behind these inhabitants left mound graves.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The settlement was apparently fixed at this time, consisting of single houses.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The Iron Age and Desolation The beginning of the Iron Age possibly brought with it a population decline.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

After the first centuries of our time, there are no longer known calamus finds from the Ulvila and Nakkila area, so it is possible that the population disappeared and the area became wilderness for about a millennium.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

At the same time, the sea bay in the Ulvila area continued to be depopulated and the Kokemäenjoki brought clay soil to the areas of present-day Friitala and Vanhankylä, which was apparently too hardy to be modified by the technology of the era.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The nearest known settlement was located in Kokemäki higher up in the Kokemäjoki valley.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Middle Ages As the Iron Age turned into a historical period, farming skills developed and settlement spread from the direction of Kokemäki towards Ulvila.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The village of Haistila was first born around the 13th century.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

A village called Haistila is also in Kokemäki, so the people may have come from there.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Although settling on more hardy clay areas became possible with iron plough, settlement in the Kokemäenjoki delta was partially alien.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Hanseatic merchants in Visby and other towns needed a port and base of the kind offered by the sparsely populated Ulvila region.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

[5] In the 12th century there were probably no country houses in the estuary, but by the 13th century the situation may have already changed.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

No documents from the 13th century remain, but documents from as early as the 14th century tell of lively activity.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The new inhabitants and the Kokemiks resolved their numerous disputes with the courts when there was a redistribution over the rights of enjoyment, management of fishing houses and the boundaries of villages.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The Swedish king also took a stand in the disputes and decided on new practices as a defeat for the experienced people.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Slowly, the influence and control of the estuary and the areas above it passed to the settlers to strengthen the conditions for their living.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

[5] The initial stages of the construction of the church in Ulvila are not known very accurately.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

In his letter of 1311, Bishop Ragvald called for the construction of a church in the Movement.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Funding for the construction has been settled in part by the sale of indulgences, as evidenced by Ragvald's letter.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

A temporary wooden chapel appears to have been built on the site, the surroundings of which also served as a cemetery.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

In 1332, Bishop Pentti gives permission for the construction of the church, which tells of the success of the fundraiser.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Both bishops wrote about the island of Liikinen as the site of the church, but the present church is located next to Saarenluoo.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

When Bishop Hemming in 1347 writes about the consecration of the new Ulvila cemetery, the contents of the letters become contradictory.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Was the church built in the first place next to Saarenluoo or was it only moved there later?


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Hemming's letter had changed the name of the church from Liikinen Church to Ulvila Church, which became the name of the merchant business established at the same time.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The final completion time of the church is not known, but as recently as 1350 the project required the attention of bishops.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

In 1352, the parish of Ulvila is mentioned as a regal churchkeeper.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

In 1412 wrote Klaus Fleming of the church of Ulvila as “a church island in the mouth of the river”.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

[5] According to tradition, a second church was located in Ulvila between the 13th and 13th centuries, in addition to the Liikistö Church.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

This church was higher up the river, today in the Church Island of Anola belonging to Nakkila.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

There are no visible remains of it.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

[6] The marketplace gathered a lot of people around it, but the development of cultivating settlement activities required the adoption of an arc of land.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Most villages were inhabited in the 15th century, but villages further afield had been established by the time of entering the 16th century at the latest.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The villages of Ulvila, Viikkala, Lautila, Leistilä, Masia, Ruskeala and Haistila may have originally been villages of Finnish law, but the new villages that arose after the 14th century came under Swedish law.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Also, the cleavage of villages in Finnish law moved the new villages under Swedish law.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The new inhabitants were settlers from abroad, from other parts of Finland or experiencers.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The names of the farms and occupants possibly belonged to merchants or those from Sweden and Gotland.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Some of the owners' names were the names of Finns, which were Swedish on the documents.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

[5] The Bishop of Turku had title to the fishing grounds and beaches of Liikistö and Anola.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The lampoons that managed the areas must have been Swedish.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

However, already in the 15th century the villages had begun to become Finnishised, which is evident from the names of the villagers.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

From the beginning, the Liikinen Island market competed with the Kokemäki trading post.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Management of the port in the river delta meant a competitive advantage, but Kokemäki had the principal tenure of the trade.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The growth of the Hanseatic League's influence took advantage of Kokemäki's merchant interests.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

As can be noted from surviving documents, in a speech at Gertud's Guilding Ceremony of 1344, addressing the people as “vicar, townspeople and parishioners”, would have Ulvila converted into a merchant.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Designation as a merchant company possibly took place in the 1330s.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

A city with its mayors it was not yet, for Ulvila was still under voud.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The actual city rights to Ulvila were not granted by King Albrekt of Mecklenburgite of Sweden until 7 February 1365.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

[5] The rural village in the area was probably referred to as Old Town shortly afterwards, although the name Gammelby did not pass into the documents until after the town was lost.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The pressure of the Ulvilans on the experiencers paid off in 1347.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

In addition to obtaining sheep fishing rights, Ulvilans were still granted exclusive rights to trade in Kokemäki in spring markets.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

In the spring from 13 January until Easter there was a market in Kokemäki, where the Ulvilans were now allowed to come to sell their products.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The restrictive condition was that the king's tax revenues were not allowed to diminish from coexistence.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

[5] However, Ulvila was unable to develop, as the town had no clap rights.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Trade could only be traded with Stockholm and Turku and inland peasants and hunters did not deal exclusively with the burghers of Ulvila.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The bourgeoisie of the city became Swedish as the Germans moved out.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

It was not until the end of the 15th century that Ulvila gained free sailing rights, but the benefit of this remained limited, as the time was belligerent and peaceless.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

St Olav's Church was built on the present church site in the 14th century.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

It is unclear whether the present church, the only surviving medieval building in Ulvila, was built already then.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Dendrochronological research dates the present church to the 1480s.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

On the other hand, a cache of money with coins from the 1360s—1380s was discovered next to the church foundations in 2005.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

A new time came The Union Wars had put a heavy strain on the Ulvilans.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

In 1550, King Gustav Vasa ordered the Ulvilan burghers to move to the city of Helsinki he founded.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Although the burghers were granted permission after a few years to return, in 1558 the Duke of Finland ordered the new city of Pori to be established seven kilometres closer to the coast at the then mouth of the Kokemäenjoki.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

In the 16th and 17th centuries, Ulvila represented the Finnish countryside and was marked by an estate institution.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Wars, famines and crowds deserted houses, but despite this, the population grew from around 350 people in 1535 to 600 in the late 17th century.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

After big-hatred, growth accelerated.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Due to unpaid taxes, farms that had fallen to the Crown were purchased as inheritance and the estates developed agriculture.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

At the same time, they and the big peasant houses began to establish crofts in their hinterlands, whose inhabitants cleared much of the current arable land.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The lattomere vein meadow was also dried as a field, increasing arable land by hundreds of hectares.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The population increased from seven and a half hundred inhabitants in 1750 to 3,800 inhabitants in 1855.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

In the 18th century, the Leineper Ironworks was founded.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Finnish ore wrought iron was processed there and it also produced lime needed as an ingredient in masonry mortar.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

A distinctive colony arose around the ironworks.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The transition to a modern society slowly improved the living conditions of the people.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Tidal farming began to be systematically pursued in the 1880s and cooperative mills and dairies were also established.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

In 1892 Arthur Hellman founded the Friitala Leather Factory, which turned the village of Friitala into an industrial colony.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

In 1895, the Tampereen—Pori railway was completed, with Friitala and Haistila as stops.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The transport methods of the time indicate that in the early stages Haistila served as the terminus of freight transport, where goods bound for port were loaded into the grass for river transport.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The river was also used for timber bathing from the late 19th century until the 1960s.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Municipal Life and Civil War The municipal government reform of 1865 separated parish and municipal administration.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The first municipal assembly was held in 1868.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The working population and crofters did not make their voices heard in the municipal assembly, as the right to vote was based on tax and land property.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Ulvila was the most industrialised region in Finland: almost 30% of the population worked in industry.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The labour movement gained a strong position in Ulvila immediately after its creation.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The first circular school was established in Ulvila in 1855, but the national school — the Old Village School — was expected until 1880, when it was established after empimism.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The lending library had been established by the rovat Stenbäck as early as 1865.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Other normal reforms also arrived in Ulvila: a volunteer fire brigade was established in Kaasmarkku in 1898 and a youth club in Ulvila [7] 1906, whose activities still continue.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

In the 1880s 2 was established in the village of Ravan.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Training area with barracks of the 7th Reserve Company of the Turku Tark'sniper Battalion.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The army of the Grand Duchy of Finland was dissolved in the early 20th century and later, in the 1920s and 1930s, a patronage camp area was located on the site.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The Reserve Company barracks building later passed into the ownership of the Satakunta Farming Society.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

[8] In the Finnish Civil War, the majority of Ulvilans participated on the Reds side.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

There were about 40 men fighting in the White Army and 1500—2000 men on the red side.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

In the 1916 elections, the Social Democratic Party had gained a record 77% support.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Based on data from the Finnish War Killings Project, 312 Ulvilans died violently in connection with the civil war and 99 of the Kullalais.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The vast majority of these were red and they also died in prison camps.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

After the Civil War, the crofters were liberated, resulting in about 160 new holdings.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The change in the business structure continued as industrialization progressed.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

During World War II, the villages of Toejoki, Koivisto, Ruosniemi and Kartano were ceded to the city of Pori, which reduced the number of Ulvilan industrial laborers, but brought these agglomerated communities into the municipal engineering sphere of the city.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

However, the left remained powerful.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The Social Democrats and Communist front organizations performed well in the local elections and on the bourgeois side the moderate forces gained the greatest support with the IKL remaining a minor factor.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Ulvila has remained a left-majority municipality until the present days.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

In modern times, after World War II, about 1000 evaks were inhabited in Ulvila, mainly from the keeper of Hiitola.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Karelian cultural influences brought Ulvila e.g.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

the tradition of powering and Karelian pies.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The population of Ulvila continued to rise with the large age groups and in the 1960s the municipality began to pursue active land politics under the leadership of Municipal President Teuvo Aalto.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

On average, the municipality has sold fifty plots of single-family homes per year, giving rise to the small houses of Krapisto, Mynster, Rantala, Suurpää, Nummela, Loukkura, Nahkur and Mukulamäki.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Apartment buildings have been built in Vanhaankylä and Friitala.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Ulvila's social structure has become service-intensive.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The Friitala leather factory has already ceased operations.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

[9] It has been replaced by high-tech companies Cimcorp Oy, Neorem Magnets and, right on the border of Pori and Ulvila, although the copper processing plants of Luvata Pori Oy and Cupori Oy (once Outokumpu Oy) are located on the Pori side.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The change in municipal structure has also affected Ulvila.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Earlier, Kullaa, who was divorced from Ulvila, has returned to her mother star in 2005.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

At the same time, the parish of Kulla again became the Chapel Congregation of Ulvila.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The name of the city Ulvila took for itself again from the beginning of 2000.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

In recent years, the population of Ulvila has been in slight decline.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Companies and livelihoods Well-known Ulvilan companies include Cimcorp in the automation industry, Urho Tuominen Oy, a manufacturer of electrical products with its subsidiaries, Neorem Magnets, Satmatic, part of the Estonian Harju Elekter group, Ulvilan Konepaja and milk processing company Satamaito.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The Friitala Leather Mill was a well-known leather processing company.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

By production sector there are jobs in Ulvila as follows: [10] agriculture and forestry 3% industry 31% services 61%.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Education and culture Education The residents of the city make up statistically the following groups: [10] 15 years of age and older: 82.2% with the lowest tertiary qualification: 17.0% Lower Higher Degree: 12.7% Higher Degree: 7.3% Graduate Education Performances: 0.5% of the retired population: 25.8%.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Cultural Ulvila keeper food was named herring millos in the 1980s, herring potatoes and buttermilk, flosciose and potato butter, as well as rusks and packles.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

[11] Traffic via Ulvila is the Tampere—Pori line, Highway 2 between Pori and Helsinki and Highway 11 between Pori and Tampere.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Ulvila (Friitala) railway station (initially a platform) and Haistila stop were among the original traffic points on the Pori line.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

In the early years of the line's operation, Haistila had a busy loading port, from which timber imported from the hinterland by trains was loaded onto barges for further transport to the port of Mäntyluoo.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

With road transport being superseded, both rail stations were abolished: Haistila stove in 1974, Friitala station ten years later.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

[12] Population trend The following graph shows the population trend of the municipality every five years from 1915 to 1950.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The following graph shows the population trend of the town every five years since 1980.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

On 1 January 2017, the regional division used is in line with the situation, i.e. in all years the figures include residents of both Ulvila and its annexed Kulla.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Conurbations At the end of 2017, Ulvila had 13,237 inhabitants, of whom 11,140 lived in built-up areas, 1,937 in sparsely populated areas and the coordinates of the residence of 160 inhabitants were unknown.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The agglomeration rate is calculated from those residents whose residence coordinates are known; Ulvila has an agglomeration rate of 85.2%.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

[14] The agglomeration population of Ulvila is divided between three different agglomerations: [15] The city centre area is shown in bold.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The agglomerations marked with an asterisk (*) belong to this city only partially.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Ulvila's central place Vanhakylä and Friitala do not form their own agglomerations, but are part of the central district of Pori, which extends beyond Ulvila to several neighbouring municipalities of Pori.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

[15] In total, the central district of Pori has 84,190 inhabitants and covers an area of 121.37 square kilometres.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

[16] Age structure The data in the table are data for 2015.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Parishes According to the 2018 regional division, Ulvila has the following parishes of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland: [17] Ulvila Parish Kulla Chapel Congregation of the Parishes of the Finnish Orthodox Church in Ulvila Region is the Tampere Orthodox Parish.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

[18] Former Parishes The following list lists the parishes abolished in the historical period in the present area of the city of Ulvila.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

[17] Kulla parish (annexed to Ulvila parish in 2005) Urbanites and villages Ulvila before the municipal union Vanhakylä Vanhakylä or Vanha-Ulvila is a rural agglomeration in Ulvila.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Located on the eastern shore of the Kokemäenjoki, it forms the eastern part of the central drive of Ulvila.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Friitala Friitala is part of the central district of the city of Ulvila with just under 6,000 inhabitants.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

[19] Friitala, south of the Kokemäenjoki River, is about seven kilometres away from the centre of Pori and is also part of the central district of Pori.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Haistila Haistila is a village in the town of Ulvila, off Highway 2, about two kilometres from Friitala in the city centre, facing Helsinki.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The settlement, consisting of small houses, is spread mostly in a ribbon-like way along the road leading from Ulvila to Nakkila.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Haistila is one of the oldest villages in Ulvila, its settlement probably originated as early as the 13th century.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Kokemäki also has a village called Haistila, so it is possible that the original settlement of Ulvila Haistila originated there.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

[20] Harjunpää Harjunpää is a village with 1500 inhabitants in Ulvila on the side of the city of Pori.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The settlement of the village is mainly on top of cliffs and loins.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

From the cliffs of Harjunpää village you can see the riparian fields of Harjunpää river and Kokemäenjoki.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

[21] Kaasmarkku Kaasmarkku is a rural village and an agglomeration of 607 inhabitants in the eastern part of Ulvila.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Among the most notable buildings in Kaasmarku are the school, the VPK house and the prayer room.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Kaasmarkku is located near Highway 11, which runs from Pori to Tampere.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

In 2005, Kaasmarkku was elected Satakunta Village of the Year.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

[22] Ravani Ravani is a village in the town of Ulvila, north of Kokemäenjoki, on Yhtetie 2440.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Vanhakylä, which is part of Ulvila's central district, is just over a kilometre away.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Sunniemi Sunniemi is a village of Ulvila located between Harjunpää further north and Suosmere further south.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The Harjunpää River flows through the village located in the countryside.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The village settlement, with about 90 households, consists mainly of old Sunniemi Manor crofts, as well as 1950s land acquisition farms, which were chipped off after the war for colonists from the estate lands.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Suosmeri Suosmeri is a village in Ulvila located on the north side of Highway 11 leading from Ulvila to Tampere, close to Ulvila and Pori services.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

At the edge of the village flow Kokemäenjoki and Pikkujoki, which circles Saarenluoto.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Former Kullaa Koski Koski is a village in Ulvila, in the territory of the former Kulla municipality.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The Koski School has about 80 pupils and classes from preschool to sixth, as well as an afternoon club.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

[23] Kangas Kangas is a village in the former Kulla municipality annexed to Ulvila.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

[24] Leineperi Leineperi is a rural village with 261 inhabitants in Kulla, Ulvila.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Leineperi is known as one of Finland's best preserved cultural-historical ironworks village, and the village is visited by several tens of thousands of visitors each year.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

[25] The village's most notable attraction is the Leineper Ironworks, founded in 1771.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

[26] Levanpelto Levanpelto is a village on Kulla in Ulvila and also the previous name of the former municipality of Kulla.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Since 1 January 2005, after the municipal union of the city of Ulvila and the municipality of Kulla, it has been part of Ulvila.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Ahmaus Ahmaus is a village of Ulvila, in the territory of the former Kulla municipality.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

The glut is a vast village area of about 20 homes in the easternmost Ulvila, along Highway 11.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

[27] Palus Palus is a village in Ulvila in the area of the former Kulla municipality, on the shores of Lake Palus.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

Inhabitants of the village number about 230.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

[28] Palus was elected Satakunta Village of the Year in 2000.


Question: What is the area of Ulvila?

Ulvila

[29] Other villages in former Kulla Lake Lake Lake Saarijärvi Main attractions Leineper ironworks Jalomäki umpiyard, Satakunta's only complete stampede yard Ulvila Town Hall Friitala Leather Museum Joutsijärvi Palusjärvi Pyhäjärvi Church Kulla Church Ljusdal Municipality (Sweden) Suure-Jaani (Estonia) Known Ulvilans or locally born Klaus Aline, American football player Aarne Blick, General Juha Broman, baseball player Disco Ensemble, rock group Anja Eeräinen, animal welfare supervisor Carl Enckell, General Vihtori Fallila, MP Simo Frangén, comedian and screenwriter Johan (Juhana) Fredrik Granlund, writer Achates Ferdinand Gripenberg, Major General, Reichstag and Director General of the Postal Board Pauliina Haasjoki, poet Allan Hagert, businessman Marita Hakala, model Erik af Hällström, Professor Anne Holmlund, MP and former Interior Minister Armas Honkasalo, Red Guard K. V. Huhtala, MP and leading figure in the Lapua movement Olavi Huhtala, Lieutenant General Edvard Jokela, trade union leader and MP Kaarlo Kangasniemi, Olympic weight lifting champion Aurora Karamzin, social and deaconry pioneer Krista Kiuru, MP Timo Koivusalo, film director Kalevi Korsman, geologist Antti Lastu, MP Asko Martinheimo, writer Vilho Rantanen, editor-in-chief Simo Riikonen, painter Mikael Rostedt, bell-casting and lay preacher Sylvi Salonen, actor Filip von Schantz, composer Arto Seppälä, writer Raimo Seppälä, editor-in-chief and non-fiction writer Carl Silfverhjelm, Lord and Major General Pentti Snellman, athletics Maini Sorri, musician Olaus Sundergelteus, vicar and rabbit Sami Sänpäkkilä, musician and film director Erkki Tuominen, writer Tapani Valsta, pianist and organist Anto Virtanen, hockey player Erkki Wessman, writer and editor of Ulvilan sports clubs Archery Club Ulvila, archery FC Ulvila, football Friitalan Company, swimming and volleyball Harjunpää Tuisku, petanque and youth activities Ulvilan Pesä-Veikot, pesäpallo [30] Ulvila Career, skiing, orienteering Kullan Athletes Ulvila Gymnastics and Exercise Ulvila Sport Team Ulvila Youth Club Suosmeren Salpa Ulvila See also List of public works and monuments in Ulvila Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jalmari, Jaakkola| title = Birth of the settlement, parish and city of Ulvila| location = Vammala| publisher = Satakuntalainen osakunta| year = 1926| version = from Satakunta VII| format = [Satakunta series scanned books] (pdf) | accessdate = 28.1.2012| pages = 57—100}} References (served as the main source for the History piece) * Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: What was the first sci-fi movie?

Science Fiction Film

Science fiction is a genre of film based on science fiction stories, or science fiction.


Question: What was the first sci-fi movie?

Science Fiction Film

Films in the genre have been made right from the earliest years of the film industry.


Question: What was the first sci-fi movie?

Science Fiction Film

The first science fiction film can be considered to be the film Journey to the Moon (Le Voyage dans La Lune), directed by Georges Méliès in 1902, which was loosely based on Jules Verne's novels about Earth to the Moon and around the Moon.


Question: What was the first sci-fi movie?

Science Fiction Film

Science fiction films have covered many peculiar topics that have not been featured in other films.


Question: What was the first sci-fi movie?

Science Fiction Film

Science fiction films have been able to address sensitive social and political topics by placing them in a foreign environment.


Question: What was the first sci-fi movie?

Science Fiction Film

Since Méliès's film, special effects have already been part of the basic catalogue of science fiction films.


Question: What was the first sci-fi movie?

Science Fiction Film

Science fiction was long in B-movie fame, although science-fiction films of cinematic historical significance (such as Fritz Lang's Metropolis (1926) and Robert Wise's Ultimatum to Earth (1951)) were made even before science fiction began to be appreciated in the late 1960s.


Question: What was the first sci-fi movie?

Science Fiction Film

The rise in prestige for science fiction cinema was influenced, before anything else, by Stanley Kubrick's 2001: A Space Adventure from 1968.


Question: What was the first sci-fi movie?

Science Fiction Film

With the success of Star Wars (1977), science fiction has become one of the most popular genres of entertainment cinema.


Question: What was the first sci-fi movie?

Science Fiction Film

Notable science fiction films Journey to the Moon (1902) Metropolis (1926) 'It' from Another World (1951) Ultimatum to Earth (1951) War of the Worlds (1953) Body Robbers (1956) 2001: Space Adventure (1968) Planet of the Apes (1968) Solaris (1972) Star Wars (1977) The Third Degree Connection (1977) Alien — Eighth Passenger (1979) Blade Runner (1982) The Thing — “it” from Something (1982) E.T.


Question: What was the first sci-fi movie?

Science Fiction Film

(1982) Terminator — Destroyer (1984) Back to the Future (1985) Predator — Predator (1987) RoboCop (1987) 12 Monkeys (1995) Matrix (1999) Avatar (2009) Inception (2010) Gravity (2013) Interstellar (2014) Finnish science fiction films Risto Jarva: Time of the Roses (1969) ) Ulpu Tolonen: Deep Frozen Teacher (1971) Timo Linnasalo: Solar wind (1980) Juha Rosma: Tomorrow (1986) Mika Kaurismäki: The Last Border — The Last Frontier (1993) Tuomas Sallinen: Routasydän (1993) Jari Halonen: Lipton Cockton in the Shadows of Sodom (1995) Tommi Lepola, Tero Molin: Book of Destiny (2003) Star Wreck series (1992—2005) Timo Vuorensola: Iron Sky (2012) Maria Ruotsala: Apeiron (2013) See also List of science fiction films List of fictional spaceships Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Schneider, Steven Jay (majored.


Question: What was the first sci-fi movie?

Science Fiction Film

) | title = 101 sci-fi movies that everyone has to see even once in life| location = Helsinki| publisher = readme.fi| year = 2009| version=( 101 sci-fi movies you must see before you die, 2009.)


Question: What was the first sci-fi movie?

Science Fiction Film

Translation: Sini Bonke| id = ISBN 978-952-220-179-9}} On the topic elsewhere A science fiction short film depicting the future air war from 1909 (6 min 47 sec) Juha Rosenqvist:.


Question: What was the first sci-fi movie?

Science Fiction Film

Wider Screen 1/2002.


Question: What was the first sci-fi movie?

Science Fiction Film

* Category:Movie genres


Question: When was smoking tobacco invented?

Tobacco

Tobacco is a stimulant made from dried leaves of plants belonging to the family of smokes (Nicotiana) and used by burning, biting, sucking or snorting.


Question: When was smoking tobacco invented?

Tobacco

Tobacco contains nicotine, which depending on the method of use is absorbed into the bloodstream either in the respiratory system, or from the mucous membranes of the mouth or nose.


Question: When was smoking tobacco invented?

Tobacco

Tobacco use and smoke inhalation can result in serious health harms, including lung and respiratory diseases and an increased risk of developing cancer.


Question: When was smoking tobacco invented?

Tobacco

A rapid addiction to nicotine can develop.


Question: When was smoking tobacco invented?

Tobacco

Cultivation and ripening Tobacco plants are usually grown from seed every year and transplanted as seedlings into a field.


Question: When was smoking tobacco invented?

Tobacco

Tobacco requires a warm climate and rich, permeable land.


Question: When was smoking tobacco invented?

Tobacco

Tobacco leaves are picked either individually when ripened, or all leaves at a time with the stem.


Question: When was smoking tobacco invented?

Tobacco

The leaves are dried, fermented and ripened to give them an aroma and good aroma.


Question: When was smoking tobacco invented?

Tobacco

Leaves can be dried with smoke, in a ventilated area or next to hot flues.


Question: When was smoking tobacco invented?

Tobacco

Dried tobacco is grated, bundled and stacked in sealed containers, where it is fermented and matured.


Question: When was smoking tobacco invented?

Tobacco

Tobacco is usually made as a blend, with spices added to it.


Question: When was smoking tobacco invented?

Tobacco

[1] Additives Ammonia has been added to cigarettes, which increases the amount of nicotine in the gas inhaled by the smoker.


Question: When was smoking tobacco invented?

Tobacco

After studying Philip Morris's Marlboro cigarettes in the 1970s, Reynolds began also adding ammonia to his cigarettes and by 1989 cigarette manufacturers were using 5000 tons of ammonia per year.


Question: When was smoking tobacco invented?

Tobacco

[2] Uses Smoking is the use of tobacco products made from tobacco by burning them and inhaling smoke.


Question: When was smoking tobacco invented?

Tobacco

The most common tobacco product is a cigarette, others include cigar, cigarillo, pipe tobacco.


Question: When was smoking tobacco invented?

Tobacco

In addition, snuff is applied under the lip.


Question: When was smoking tobacco invented?

Tobacco

Other ways include bidi as well as, as rare cases, nasopharynx and actual chewing tobacco.


Question: When was smoking tobacco invented?

Tobacco

There are estimated to be around 1 billion smokers worldwide.


Question: When was smoking tobacco invented?

Tobacco

History of Tobacco Smoking was invented by Indians.


Question: When was smoking tobacco invented?

Tobacco

Their smoking was often ritual as were virola, coke and peyote, or mescaline cactus.


Question: When was smoking tobacco invented?

Tobacco

Tobacco was used in small doses as a stimulant, to prevent the feeling of hunger, as well as as an analgesic.


Question: When was smoking tobacco invented?

Tobacco

Christopher Columbus made his voyage to the Americas, after which tobacco spread to Europe in the 16th century, first to port cities of Spain and Portugal.


Question: When was smoking tobacco invented?

Tobacco

Initially, smoking, or “smoke drinking,” as it was said at the time, was considered something of a miracle cure to help almost all ailments.


Question: When was smoking tobacco invented?

Tobacco

Within the church circuit, smoking was condemned because of its pagan origin.


Question: When was smoking tobacco invented?

Tobacco

The Thirty Years' War caused smoking in Germany to become more common.


Question: When was smoking tobacco invented?

Tobacco

Writer Hans Jacob von Grimmelshausen (1622—1676) was among the first opponents of tobacco.


Question: When was smoking tobacco invented?

Tobacco

In the 17th century pipe smoking was popular, but fashion switched to snuffing at Louis XIV's court, and the English upper class embraced snuff in the 18th century.


Question: When was smoking tobacco invented?

Tobacco

Doctors had criticised the smoke drinking, but the snorting won their approval.


Question: When was smoking tobacco invented?

Tobacco

Snuff things became a fad for high society, and there were many spices for snuff: civet, musk, cloves, jasmine, mint, cumin, musk.


Question: When was smoking tobacco invented?

Tobacco

Snuff became the amusement of the upper class, including the clergy, and the burning of the barrel was considered ravenous.


Question: When was smoking tobacco invented?

Tobacco

Women snorted too, and it was the most popular way to use tobacco in the 18th century.


Question: When was smoking tobacco invented?

Tobacco

In the late 18th and 19th century, however, the fashion changed as cigar smoking and chalk barrel once again became common.


Question: When was smoking tobacco invented?

Tobacco

The reason was in the way culture.


Question: When was smoking tobacco invented?

Tobacco

Sniffing was beginning to be seen as a messy habit.


Question: When was smoking tobacco invented?

Tobacco

The most famous tobacco opponent of the era was Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749—1832).


Question: When was smoking tobacco invented?

Tobacco

Cigarettes became common in France in the 1830s.


Question: When was smoking tobacco invented?

Tobacco

They spread to other parts of Europe and after the Civil War (1861—1865) to the United States as well.


Question: When was smoking tobacco invented?

Tobacco

The popularity of cigarettes was influenced by a new method of drying tobacco flue-cured, which improved flavor.


Question: When was smoking tobacco invented?

Tobacco

The proliferation of cigarettes, especially in the United States, was promoted by advertising to make the amusement of migrants and the poor attractive.