Question: When did Alfred Hitchcock die?

Alfred Hitchcock

In interviews, he said actors should be directed like cattle in a pasture.


Question: When did Alfred Hitchcock die?

Alfred Hitchcock

Many of his actors considered themselves apprentices to a great director.


Question: When did Alfred Hitchcock die?

Alfred Hitchcock

Hitchcock demanded mutual respect and did not allow the actors to interfere in directing.


Question: When did Alfred Hitchcock die?

Alfred Hitchcock

At the stage of shooting, Hitchcock's film was already ready, it just had to be “poked in a jar”.


Question: When did Alfred Hitchcock die?

Alfred Hitchcock

Everything was meticulously prepared in the storyboard.


Question: When did Alfred Hitchcock die?

Alfred Hitchcock

Hitchcock considered the filming stage extremely boring, after all, he had already “seen” his film.


Question: When did Alfred Hitchcock die?

Alfred Hitchcock

Several female actors, including Tippi Hedgren, Grace Kelly, Vera Miles, Kim Novak and Janet Leigh, have later revealed they were subjected to sexual harassment by Hitchcock.


Question: When did Alfred Hitchcock die?

Alfred Hitchcock

[109] Hitchcock starred in short cameo roles in his films 37 times.


Question: When did Alfred Hitchcock die?

Alfred Hitchcock

[110] Filmography Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Freeman, David| title = The Last Days of Alfred Hitchcock.


Question: When did Alfred Hitchcock die?

Alfred Hitchcock

A Memoir Featuring the Screenplay of “Alfred Hitchcock's The Short Night” | location = London| publisher = Pavilion Books| year = 1985| isbn = 0-907516-95-5| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When did Alfred Hitchcock die?

Alfred Hitchcock

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Question: When did Alfred Hitchcock die?

Alfred Hitchcock

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Harris, Robert A.


Question: When did Alfred Hitchcock die?

Alfred Hitchcock

& Lasky, Michael S.| title= The Films of Alfred Hitchcock| location = Secaucus, N. J.| publisher = The Citadel Press| year = 1976| isbn=0-8065-0619-9| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When did Alfred Hitchcock die?

Alfred Hitchcock


Question: When did Alfred Hitchcock die?

Alfred Hitchcock

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Spoto, Donald| title = Alfred Hitchcock.


Question: When did Alfred Hitchcock die?

Alfred Hitchcock

Die dunkle Seite des Genies| location = Munich| publisher = Wilhelm Heyne Verlag| year = 1986| version = Original work: The Dark Side of Genius.


Question: When did Alfred Hitchcock die?

Alfred Hitchcock

The Life of Alfred Hitchcock (1983), German: Bodo Fründt| isbn = 345355146X| language = Template:De}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Taylor, John Russell| title = Die Hitchcock-Biografie.


Question: When did Alfred Hitchcock die?

Alfred Hitchcock

Alfred Hitchcocks Leben und Werk| location = Frankfurt am Main| publisher = Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag| year = 1980| version = Original work: Hitch.


Question: When did Alfred Hitchcock die?

Alfred Hitchcock

The Life of Alfred Hitchcock (1978), German dose: Klaus Budzinski| isbn=3-596-23680-0| language = Template:De}} References elsewhere Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When did Alfred Hitchcock die?

Alfred Hitchcock

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Question: When did Alfred Hitchcock die?

Alfred Hitchcock

British Film Institute Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When did Alfred Hitchcock die?

Alfred Hitchcock

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Question: When did Alfred Hitchcock die?

Alfred Hitchcock

Category:Alfred Hitchcock Class:People born in 1899 Class:Those who died in 1980 Class:77.4 Film Arts Category:Key articles of screening


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

Austria (), officially the Republic of Austria (), is a landlocked country in Central Europe.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

It consists of nine states.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

Austria's neighbours are Liechtenstein and Switzerland to the west, Italy and Slovenia to the south, Hungary and Slovakia to the east, and Germany and the Czech Republic to the north.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

Characteristic features of the Austrian landscape are the Alps and the Danube.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

History Early History About 400 years before the beginning of the period Celtic tribes settled on the eastern side of the Alps.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

The Romans conquered the region in 9 BC.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[1] After the dissolution of the Roman Empire, Roman Noricum was conquered by Huns, Ostrogoths and Franks.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

From the 9th century to the 13th century, the Markcounty of Austria, later a duchy, was ruled by the Babenbergs, followed by the House of Habsburg.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

Austria became an archduchy in the 15th century.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

It was one of the practically independent states belonging to the Holy German-Roman Empire, but insofar as the special status that its archduke was almost invariably occupied by the same person as the emperor.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

As the Habsburg monarchy, the most central part of which Austria formed, repeatedly engaged in wars against the Ottoman Empire, it gradually conquered territories belonging to the Ottoman Empire as well, notably Hungary.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

However, these were not considered to be belonging to the Holy German-Roman Empire.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[2] The Holy German-Roman Empire ceased in 1806 when Emperor Francis II renounced its empire.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

Two years earlier, however, he had proclaimed the Austrian Empire and become its emperor under the name of Francis I.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

This Empire became, in 1867, a dual monarchy of Austro-Hungary.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

The Austrian Emperor was at the head of Austro-Hungary right up until the end of World War I in 1918.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[3] Early History of the Republic After World War I, the Empire was dissolved into numerous states by the Treaty of Saint-Germain in 1919.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[4] Austria became a republic by law on 10 November 1920.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[5] Between 1918 and 1919 Austria referred to itself as Republik Deutschösterreich, which was transformed at the insistence of the entente into the Republic of Austria.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

In the autumn of 1922, Austria received a loan from the League of Nations to improve its finances.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

The republic lasted until 1934, when right-wing chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss dissolved Parliament after politics drifted into problems due to internal conflicts.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

The dictatorial regime known as austrofascist began as early as 1933 to act with the support of Italian fascists and patron municipalities.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[5] Austria was annexed by Nazi Germany in 1938 (Anschluss).


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

When annexed to Germany, the name Ostmark was used for the country.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

There was no opposition to German armed entry, that is, the administration acted as an aid to the occupier.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[6] New Austria 1945 The Allies occupied Austria after World War II from 1945 to 1955.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

The territory of the state and the capital Vienna were divided into four occupation zones of the winning states.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

The Control Commission agreed in the autumn of 1945 to complete the provisional government and hold free elections.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

The government was authorized to conduct foreign relations under the supervision of the Control Commission.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

In 1955, in accordance with the Austrian State Treaty, the country again became a sovereign federal republic on the condition that it would remain a neutral country and its neutrality recognised by the Allies and the Soviet Union.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[7] Its arms purchases for decades faced similar constraints to Finland, albeit without the obligations imposed by trade balances to purchase weapons from the Soviet Union.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

The country joined the UN and as a friend of Arab countries in numerous crises in the Middle East.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[8] With the collapse of the Soviet Union, Austria approached other European countries.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

With Finland and Sweden, it joined the European Union in 1995 and was among the first to adopt the euro in 1999.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[9] The far-right Freedom Party under the leadership of Jörg Haider received 27% of the vote in the 1999 elections.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

It gained entry into government in 2000 despite opposition from foreign countries.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

In the 2002 elections, the party lost popularity.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[5] After three decades of rule by the Social Democratic Party (SPÖ), a right-wing coalition was formed, including the conservative People's Party (ÖVP) and the right-wing Freedom Party (FPÖ).


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

The EU declared Austria in diplomatic isolation for seven months in protest at the Freedom Party's status.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

On 9 September 2002, following the turmoil caused by the politics and leadership of the Freedom Party, Chancellor Wolfgang Schüssel (ÖVP) declared elections to be held prematurely.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

In the 24 October elections, the ÖVP won a landslide victory, with 42.3percent of the vote, and the FPÖ remained on 10.1%.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[5] The ÖVP-FPÖ coalition government resumed on 28 February 2003 after lengthy government negotiations, with Wolfgang Schüssel continuing as Chancellor.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

New laws on asylum seekers, considered among the strictest in Europe, were enacted in the country.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[5] In the 2006 election on October 1, 2006, the Social Democrats took victory.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

The SPÖ refused to cooperate with the Freedom Party and its seats were not enough with the Greens to form a government either.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

After three-month government negotiations, the SPÖ and ÖVP agreed on a grand coalition government with Alfred Gusenbauer as chancellor.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[5] The 2008 elections were held prematurely following the fall of the Grand Coalition Government.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

The two right-wing populist anti-immigration parties FPÖ and BZÖ emerged as their winners, which combined to win nearly 30% support.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

The Social Democrats remained the largest party.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

BZÖ leader and former FPÖ leader Jörg Haider died in a car accident shortly after the election.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[5] In April 2010, Fischer was elected to a second presidential term.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[5] The 2016 presidential election was won by the Greens candidate Alexander Van der Bellen.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

A referendum on the future of conscription was held in January 2013.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

Under a binding referendum, conscription will be maintained.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

In May 2017, Sebastian Kurz became the new chairman of the ÖVP party.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

He announced the party's resignation from the coalition government, leading to new elections.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[10] The ÖVP emerged as the winner of the October 2017 parliamentary election, but the anti-immigration FPÖ also increased its parliamentary seats.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

The parties formed a coalition government in December 2017, headed by Chancellor Kurz.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[11] Politics The Austrian head of state is a president elected every six years by a two-stage direct popular election.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

The Chancellor, who is usually the candidate of the coalition that makes up the majority in Parliament, is appointed by the President, often the chairman of the largest party in Parliament.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[12] The Austrian Constitution is based on the 1929 version of the Bundes-Verfassungsgesetz 1920.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

The Austrian State Treaty (Österreichischer Staatsvertrag), adopted on 15 May 1955, ended the Allied occupation after World War II.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

Under the agreement, Parliament, by constitutional amendment, declared the country permanently neutral on 26 October 1955.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[12] The Austrian Parliament has two chambers, the Bundesrat, with 62 representatives elected by the states and the Nationalrat, with 183 candidates elected by the people for four-year terms (from 2010 elections to five-year terms).


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

The lower house of parliament or the president may dismiss the chancellor.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

Parties must cross the 4% vote threshold to qualify for candidates, but a candidate can also get elected from one of the 43 constituencies in the Direktmandat seat.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

The House of Lords, or Bundesrat, can delay passing laws by returning them once for a new reading in the lower house.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

The voting age is 16 years.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[13] Länder Austria is a federal republic with nine states: [12] Burgenland Upper Austria (Oberösterreich) Tyrol Carinthia Salzburg Vienna Lower Austria (Lower Austria) Styria Vorarlberg Geography of Austria features are the Alps and Danube.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

Completed in Bavaria in 1992, the canal connects the Danube to the Rhine and Main, and thus forms a water route from the North Sea to the Black Sea.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

The rivers of the northern half of the Alpine watershed are tributaries of the Danube and descend directly into the Danube, while the rivers in the central and eastern part of the country flow south and converge in Serbia with the Drava, which takes their waters to the Danube.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[14] The highest peak in the Austrian Alps is Großglockner, at 3798 meters above sea level, the second highest is Wildspitze, at 3774 meters.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

The shallowest place is Neusiedler See, 115 meters from the surface of the Adriatic Sea.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[12] The Alps cover 62% of the land area.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

The remainder is quite hilltop: the Danube valley and the northern periphery of the Alps, the shallower area in the east and north-east of the country, and the periphery of the Alps south of them.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[14] Austria also has some water bodies.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

Lakes include Wolfgangsee, Neusiedler See, Wörthersee, Bodensee and Mondsee, rivers again Danube (Donau), Mur, Drava and Inn.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

Climate Due to large elevation differences, weather and climate can change drastically even on a small trip.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

Winters are cold everywhere.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

The greatest amounts of precipitation are obtained during the summer months, but since the rains then come in thunderous deaf weather, rainy weather does not last long.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

During winter time up in the Alps, the weather is sunnier on average than in the valleys, where it is more often cloudy and foggy.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

In summer, on the other hand, it is more often sunny in the valleys, even when mountain peaks remain trapped by clouds.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

A warm and dry föhnwind occurs periodically in the central part of the Alps.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[15] Nature and nature conservation The fauna of Austria is typically Central European: hares, red deer, pheasants, foxes, badgers, weasels and partridges.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

Inhabitants in the mountains include gemsi, forest marmot, eagle and jackdaw.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

The Pannonian region is characterised by the large numbers of wader birds that thrive in the reeds of Lake Neusiedl.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

In recent years, some bears have again been encountered in the forests of the central and southern parts of the country.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[16] Due to the large height differences, the vegetation is diverse.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

Austria is among the most forested countries in Europe.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

Typical are deciduous forests (oak and beech) and mixed forests (spruce and beech), higher up also coniferous forests (spruce, larch and pine).


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

The vegetation of the alpine meadows is particularly colourful and varied: alpine stars, bitterns, southern arnica, heather and many other species bloom there.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[16] Austria has six national parks: Danube—Auen National Park, Gesäuse National Park, Hohe Tauern National Park, Lime-Alpine National Park, Neusiedler See National Park and Thayatal National Park.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[17] Largest cities following the name of the city is its population on January 1, 2013 [18] Vienna (1,741,246) Graz (265,778) Linz (191,501) Salzburg (145,871) Innsbruck (122,458) Klagenfurt (95,450) Economy Austria is a country with a high standard of living with an economy largely tied to EU countries, especially Germany.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

After World War II, many companies were nationalised for fear of them falling into Soviet hands as war reparations.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

The majority of state enterprises were privatized in the early 1990s.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

Austria has a strong trade union movement.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

Over 40% of the workforce belongs to the Österreichischer Gewerkschaftsbund (ÖGB).


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

Industry, trade unions, agricultural lobbies and the government (so-called social partners, Sozialpartner) negotiate a comprehensive settlement of revenue policy.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

In the mountainous country, farms are small and fragmented, and production has been expensive.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

Austria's own agriculture produces about 80% of the country's food, [19] but only 1.5% of GDP and employs 5.5% of the labour force.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[12] Agriculture has undergone reforms since the country joined the EU in 1995.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[19] By far the largest trading partner is Germany, where more than 31% of exports are exported and more than 42% of imports are imported.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

The most significant export products are machinery and industrial products.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[12] In 2009, the other EU-27 countries comprised 72% of foreign trade.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[19] Approximately one-third of Austria's electricity is generated by hydropower.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[20] There are no nuclear power plants in Austria.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

In 1972, construction of a power station in Zwentendorf along the Danube was started.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

However, a referendum was held in 1978 in which 50.5% of voters opposed the introduction of nuclear power, and the plant was never opened and a law was enacted to ban nuclear power.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

In 2009, the plant was converted to solar power.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[21] The most significant natural resources include iron ore, oil, wood, lead, coal, lignite and copper.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[12] Transport in Austria is 52 aerodromes, only one of which has a runway more than three kilometres.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[12] Vienna International Airport is the largest airport, but there are also international flights to Graz, Linz, Klagenfurt, Salzburg and Innsbruck.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[22] There are about 6,400 kilometres of railways.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

There are 358km of waterway.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

Port cities include Enns, Krems, Linz and Vienna.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[12] There is also a regular international passenger service along the Danube.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[22] Population The population of Austria is quite homogeneous, with 88.6% speaking German as their daily language of use.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

The largest of the ethnic groups are the Austrians, which comprise about 91.1% of the country's population.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

Significant minorities include nationalities of the former Yugoslavia, namely Croats, Serbs, Slovenes and Bosniaks, who together comprise about 4% of the population.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

In addition, about 1.6% are Turks and 0.9% are Germans.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[12] Historical minorities of Hungarians, Roma, Slovaks and Croatians live in the state of Burgenland.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

Hungarians additionally live in Vienna and Roma around the country.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

Austrian Slovenes are concentrated on the country's southern border with the states of Carinthia and Styria.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

Austrian Turks are descendants of those who have come to work in the country since the 1960s.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[23] Many distinct dialects of German have developed in the Austrian mountains.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

All belong to the Austrian-Bavarian group with the exception of the lower dialect of Vorarlberg.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

In 2017, about 57.9% of Austrians were Catholic [24] [25], with a decrease of 15.7 percentage points since 2001 [26].


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

Other important religions are Islam and Protestant movements.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

1930 There were 100,000 Jews living in Austria, now there are 10000—20,000 of them.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

Culture In Austrian history, the Alps have formed an inherent barrier of passage, and various traditions have emerged in the valleys they border.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

Today, the media and the facilitated mobility of people have reduced regional disparities.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[27] About a third of Austrians live in the five largest cities.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

The rest live in small towns or rural areas.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

Farms have often belonged to the same family for centuries, with a bell tower which has enabled the people to be summoned from the fields to eat.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

In the western parts of the country there are Swiss style steep-roofed wooden houses, while in the eastern parts, houses in the Danube region have more Slavic influences and plastered walls.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[27] Austrian food culture has been influenced by Germany, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Northern Italy.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

Breakfast is typically light: coffee or milk and jam sandwiches.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

A sausage bun is a typical morning snack.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

Lunch is the main meal of the day and includes soup and a meaty main course like Viennese cutlet with side dishes.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

In cities, afternoon coffee is an important event, and cafe culture is lively.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

The evening meal is light-sided, for example, cold cuts, bread and wine or beer.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[27] Many key composers of classical music have emerged in Austria, including friends Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Joseph Haydn and Franz Schubert, who continued in their footsteps.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

The grand orchestral style of later Romanticism was represented by Anton Bruckner and Gustav Mahler, while Johann Strauss the Younger gained fame as a composer of waltzes.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[28] Composers of the so-called Second Vienna School, which had renewed music in the early 20th century, included Arnold Schönberg, Anton Webern and Alban Berg.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[29] Painters Gustav Klimt and Oskar Kokoschka have become famous in the visual arts.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[27] Austrian literature has evolved as part of German-language literature.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

Of the early writers Franz Grillparzer (1791—1872) wrote pompous, patriotic poetry that schoolchildren still have to read.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

Rainer Maria Rilke was a gifted philosophical poet in the 20th century.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

The writer Robert Musil became famous during the inter-world wars.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[27] Poet Peter Rosegger was a Nobel nominee in 1913, writer Elfriede Jelinek received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2004.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[30] Three Austrian physicists have received the Nobel Prize: Erwin Schrödinger, Victor F. Hess and Wolfgang Pauli.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

In addition to Karl Landsteiner, the inventor of blood types, six other medical scientists and four chemists have been awarded the Nobel Prize.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[31] For philosophy, Austria has given Ludwig Wittgenstein and Karl Popper.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

The country's most famous mathematician has been logician Kurt Gödel.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

In the field of human sciences, admittedly the most famous Austrian is Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

Austrian-born economists Joseph Schumpeter and Friedrich Hayek.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

The history of engineering has gone down to engineer Ferdinand Porsche.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

Other celebrities born in Austria include Oscar-winning actor Christoph Waltz, actor Arnold Schwarzenegger, singer Falco, drag artist Conchita Wurst as well as three-time F1 world champion Niki Lauda.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

World Heritage Sites on the UNESCO World Heritage List includes eight sites from Austria [32] Cultural Landscape of Fertö/Neusiendlersee, shared with Hungary Graz Historic Centre Hallstatt-Dachstein Salzkammergut Cultural Landscape of the City of Salzburg Historic Downtown Schönbrunn Palace and Gardens Semmering Railway Wachau Cultural Landscape Vienna Historic Centre Sports Austrian sport is renowned for its success in alpine sports: Toni Sailer, Hermann Maier, Annemarie Moser-Pröll, Stephan Eberharter, Anita Wachter and Benjamin Raich are well-known Austrian alpine skiers.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

However, the most popular sport in Austria is football.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

The Austrian national team has played in the World Cup final tournament seven times and its best achievement is a bronze medal from 1954.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

In the European Football Championship, Austria has played only one time, in 2008, when Austria held the final tournament along with its neighbour Switzerland.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

Ski jumping is also popular in Austria, with Thomas Morgenstern, Gregor Schlierenzauer, Andreas Kofler and Wolfgang Loitzl among the world's top jumpers.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

As a rule, the Austrian ice hockey national team plays in the 1st division, but always rises to the main series between.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

Visits in the main series last for the most part for only one tournament.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

The team's IIHF ranking in 2013 was 15th.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

Despite this, the team has managed to achieve World Championship bronze in 1931 and 1947.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

Austria has participated in the Olympic Games since 1896.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

It now usually has a team of around 70 athletes in both the Summer and Winter Olympics.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

The most medals have come from alpine skiing, ski jumping and figure skating.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

[33] Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lautela, George & Palo, Jyrki| title = Austria: Piece of past great| location = Helsinki| publisher = Edita| year = 2005| version = Kleio| id = ISBN 951-37-4424-8}} References elsewhere — news From Austria Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

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Question: How big is Austria in terms of area?

Austria

* Category:41.3 Central Europe Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The Mercedes-Benz 600 (emblem W100) is a glory car produced by Mercedes-Benz between 1963 and 1981.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The Typ 600 bore the traditional “Great Mercedes” additional name (saks.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

“Großer Mercedes”, engl.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

“Grand Mercedes”) as a reference to the 1930s Model 770 (W07, extensively updated as W150).


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The 600 model was presented at the September 1963 Frankfurt Motor Show, and its manufacture did not end until June 1981.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

It was then the longest-running Mercedes-Benz vehicle model in almost unchanged production, but the production run of G-Series SUVs, which began in 1979, has passed the record of 600 in 1997.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The philosophy of the model differed significantly from other cars of the same class.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The design pursued simple and durable elegance as the model round had been designed for 10—12 years from the outset [1].


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The Typ 600 was offered on two wheelbases, notably the shorter agile and even sporty, similar to the smaller W108, widely admired in tests of the 1966 German-language 600 [2] [3] catered to self-driving gentlemen drivers (saks.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Herrenfahrer, engl.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Gentleman driver, nowadays archaic concepts).


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The Typ 600's long-wheelbase models again were intended to be driven by a chauffeur, but even their precise driving behaviour differed from the soft comfort of traditional representative cars, and referred to the preceding “Großer” model 770 (W150), which had owned the company's separate suspension, of 1938.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The implementation of the philosophy required advanced technical solutions: Daimler-Benz registered 15 patents during the development.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

When it came to the market, the Typ 600, one of the most high-performance passenger cars in Europe, gained a mythical reputation due to its characteristics.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Sir Stirling Moss is said to have circled the Brands Hatch circuit just five seconds slower than the lap time record for saloon cars, with six people on 600 [4].


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Complex technical solutions mean that the 600 model is exceptionally precise in the proper and competent maintenance of its various subsystems [5] in order to perform impeccably reliably: it achieved a mythical reputation for being significantly more challenging than competing representative cars and due to its more expensive upkeep.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The prowess offered by the W100 model series in return for its avant-garde vehicle technology, and therefore high price, exceeded the real needs of the majority of its target audience: the overqualified 600 was a commercial disappointment for its manufacturer.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Of the 2,677 pieces produced, an estimated 1,000-1,500 have survived to this day [6].


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The Typ 600, left without a successor, has experienced a kind of renaissance, as car specimens have been restored and upgraded to new levels without saving costs, especially in the 2000s, including at Mercedes-Benz Classic Center in Stuttgart-Fellbach [7].


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Classic Center was the first vehicle manufacturer's own restoration facility in 1993 [8].


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The general Mercedes-Benz 600 was produced from August 1963 to June 1981, although the 1963 production — three pieces — went to the company's own use.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The first car, handed over to a customer in 1964, went to a US architect.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

A large number of state leaders and celebrities [9] also chose 600.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The last, the Typ 600 of the 012 version, handed over on 10 June 1981, ended up in the Mercedes-Benz Museum.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The museum also owns the oldest surviving 600 individual with serial number 2.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Manufacturing of the Typ 600 initially took place on the 32 production line of the Sindelfingen factory hall.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Due to the smaller than expected, and after the annual subscriptions stopped, the model configuration moved to a small special section in the hall's 32 basement level.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

In this department specializing in the 600 model, the most experienced group of about 30 people worked in the factory, as the craftsmanship part of the manufacture was large.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Only made to order, the 600 receiving the internal body design designation W100 was offered on two wheelbases, long in three versions, and the model was available with left or right hand drive.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Long 3,900 millimeter wheelbase cars always had a partition by default, but a few tracks were completed to order without a partition, by which time the base plate had been reinforced.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

In short cars with a 3,200 millimeter wheelbase, by default, there was never a partition, but the short wheelbase model also received an order with a partition.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Although the partition limited the area of adjustment of the front seats and also took away the knee space of the rear seat was it quite popular, but the exact amount of manufacture is not evident from sources.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The total manufacturing volume (2,677 pieces) included numerous individually equipped according to the customer's wishes, and several structurally modified variations.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Several 600-specimens were additionally modified to be different from the factory collection as well afterwards.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Mercedes-Benz developed a state-of-the-art 6.3-litre M100 engine for the Model 600 (cylinder capacity 6,329 cm³, the manufacturer's first V8 engine, mechanical fuel injection) and its own four-speed automatic transmission.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The chassis was fitted with a double-wishbone front axle attached to the subfuselage, according to the company's then formula, and an articulated pendulum shaft at the rear.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The air suspension developed for the W100 representative car was used on the 1961 300 SE (W112) [10].


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The later model 300 SEL 6.3 (the fastest four-door serial production car of its time), with the M100 engine of the W109 body model, also received air suspension.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

An improved version of the M100 entered service in 1975 in the top version of the V116 body model 450 SEL 6.9, whose suspension became hydropneumatic.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

At the time of its introduction, this model was the largest non-US serial production car in terms of stroke volume.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Upgrading the top model 600 was considered on two occasions in the 1970s by equipping it with a bow and stern shaped similar to the W116 or W123 body designs.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

However, the implants fit poorly into the old form language of the model bodywork, and neither proposed upgrade was put into production.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Sales of the 600 model declined sharply after the 1973 oil crisis and the end of US exports, and upon completion of the last 600, the department closed with celebratory expenditure in June 1981.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The company's confidence in the most surprising feature of its new 600, the startlingly good driving characteristics, is illustrated by the fact that a test drive session offered to ten engine suppliers on 28 August 1963 took place on the winding and hilly streets of the Royal Val de Poix Park in the Ardennes on minor roads [11].


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The brochure greeted those interested with the words: “Sit down in the car.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Everything is as before, but quite differently”.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Against this backdrop, the glowing praises of “the world's greatest sports car” that appeared a few days later become perhaps better understood.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The whole Typ 600's sovereign way of performing its driving duties still adores us in the 2010s.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The Model 600 (W100) from the Großer Mercedes name is associated with a series of heavy-duty representative cars known as the “Great Mercedes”, whose lineage goes back to the 1924—1929 model 24/100/140 PS.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Following the merger of Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft (Stuttgart) and Benz&CIE (Mannheim) in 1926, it was renamed “Typ 630".


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The three horsepower figures represent tax horsepower (according to the German formula calculated from the cylinder dimensions of the engine in force since 1906), as well as actual horsepower either without a coupled brace or with a brace coupled.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The 630's successor, the 770 (W07, 1930—1937, 117 pieces of which only 13 without a brace) inherited the “Großer Mercedes” name.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

This name stemmed from the concept characteristic of the time “Großer Wagen”, a large (also: grandiose) wagon used from the top models of all German manufacturers.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Domestic competitors of the 770 model included the Maybach DS7/DS8 (Doppel-Sechs, 1930—1934/1930—1940) and the rare Horch 12 (1931—1934, Typ 600/670, 81 pieces).


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The Typ 770 underwent extensive overhauls in 1938 in the model W150, production of which continued despite the war all the way up to 1943, with only 88 copies [12], still under the “Großer Mercedes” name.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

In particular, the US owners of the Model 600 (W100) picked up the historical name in the form of “Grand Mercedes” even as a general concept from the 600 model.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The Germans, on the other hand, tended to use the 1930s name for a long time: it appeared on the pages of factory brochure material, while the people spoke only of “der Sechshunderter” (Finnish: six hundred).


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The Maybach 57 and 62 (W240) of 2002—2013 are seen as successors to the Model 600.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

However, the Maybachs, based on the Mercedes-Benz S-Series, failed to reach for the charisma of the 600 models.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Many connoisseurs of history will also remember that Mercedes and Maybach were still bloody rivals in the 1930s.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The Maybachs experienced a more modest reception similar to their predecessors in the market: instead of the hoped-for annual sales of 2,000 copies, the sales volume for the entire production run remained about 3,000 copies of long (57) or extra-long (62) models.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

It has been claimed in the press that each Maybach sold produced a heavy loss to the factory.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Since 2015, the W222 body model introduced in the S Series has been available yet from the Lang version to the taste of the Asian market, the additional lengthened Mercedes-Maybach S 500 or S 600 (X222) on a 4,418 millimeter wheelbase, which, unlike its predecessor, has gained good popularity around 15,000 the sales volume of the piece [13].


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Since 2016, the Mercedes-Maybach has been available as a six-seat, lengthened “Pullman” version as the car's overall length increased to 6.5 metres, and since 2017 customers have been supplied with its armored (VR9 rating) variant of the “S600 Pullman Guard” [14].


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

However, the traditional, old-fashioned “Great Mercedes” name for the parent company's aristocratic representative cars is no longer used for the Mercedes-Maybaches of the 2010s.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

From the birth history of the W100, the Federal Republic of Germany emerged from the ravages of World War II with its strong “economic wonder”.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

It prospered not only because of the Marshall economic aid distributed by the United States in the late 1940s to combat communism, but also by managing its economic affairs well.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

In 1957, the then West German Economy Minister Ludwig Erhard already dared to promise in his book Wohlstand für Alle prosperity for the entire nation.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Recovered from the war, Daimler-Benz AG already returned to the representative and sports car classes in the early 1950s with different versions of its 300 model, and soon began participating in motorsport again as well.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

However, this sporting activity came to a woeful end, as a tragic accident occurred during the 1955 Le Mans race.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Racing in the 300 SLR sports car (W196S), Pierre Levegh hit an Austin-Healey 100 STC racer fitted with Lance Macklin drum brakes when he was forced into a collision to avoid dodging Mike Hawthorne, who was abruptly slowing down on a disc-braked Jaguar for a pit visit.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The 300 SLR blurted on Macklin's ramp trailing racer after colliding in a high arc with track edge barriers, its tube truss frame fractured, and the racing's heavy engine as well as the front axle flew into the crowded grandstand.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Eighty-three spectators, as well as Levegh himself, were killed, and 120 spectators were injured, meaning it was the worst accident in motorsport.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Due to the major disaster, Mercedes-Benz withdrew from motorsport by decisions of its board for the duration of 1956—1987.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

At the same time, the company's legendary motorsports division and its director, the father of 300 SLR, Dr. Rudolf Uhlenhaut, fell short of work — meaning design capacity was released at a critical moment for mass-production vehicles.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

190x190px|miniature|Mercedes-Benz 300d (W189) 1959 as Europe emerged from the dreary post-war times, a subscription for large representative cars such as the 1930s arose in the market.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Produced from 1951 onwards, the three-track six-cylinder representative car model 300 (W186/W186 II/W188/W189, in common use also the lowercase b, c and d) indicating upgrade versions began to remain modest.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The US car market had rediscovered its interest in German cars due to World War I after Austrian emigrant Maximilian Hoffman began to import Mercedes-Benz's image boosting the 300 model and the more affordable 190 SLs into the country, and achieved significant results [15].


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Hoffman would also similarly elevate BMW to the popularity of the American public in the 1960s.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Mercedes-Benz, which was still implementing the 300 Series on prewar principles with a separate body and bodywork, therefore needed a modern large top model to meet the expectations of a full-size car that had become important as a market.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

W100 bodywork and lightweight, but highly torsion-resistant base plate are connected by welding.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The change meant that the twin-phaeton body model inherited until the 1920s, the four-door 300-open version of the “Cabriolet D”, remained the last Mercedes-Benz representative of its type.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The 600 “Landaulet” versions with a covered cockpit and short or long openable canvas roof continued the tradition of parade cars.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Interestingly, demand for this was very stable: the production volume of the last 300d “Cabriolet D” was 65 copies, 600 for “Landaulet” with 59 copies.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

With its four-door Concept Ocean Drive convertible presented at the 2006 Detroit Auto Show, Mercedes-Benz returned to the now-rare body design [16].


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

To prove its technical prowess, the company began in 1955 with the power of a technical design team led by Professor, Doctor of Engineering Fritz Nallinger — “Nallinger and his Three Saints” (Karl Wilfert) [17] — to create the modern “Großer Mercedes” representative car, which had to beat its rival from the board.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

In the middle of the year, Dr. Nallinger struck a lock on the key objectives of the new C platform: the group would not only be content to create a large travel or representative car, but had to be superior to its competitors in every aspect and combine pairs of concepts that seemed almost impossible (Breitschwerdt).


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

When designing the top model, cost was a sideline from the start.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The design team went through numerous options regarding the technology of the car.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Finally, the group opted for the necessary large in the US market for the V8, albeit it had considered a V12 engine as well.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

As Mercedes-Benz did not yet have its own knowledge of the V8 engine type, during the development of the M100 engine, it acquired a number of US engines and associated automatic transmissions [18], the standard of which the new M100 was to reach if not exceed.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Initially implemented as a 5-litre aluminium engine, the cylinder capacity increased by three steps as the weight of the car increased due to the added equipment until the cylinder capacity increased in 1962 to the final 6.3-litre size as the OHC version.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Mercedes-Benz also equipped the engine with the fuel injection it developed to be operational in racing models.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

However, the striking 600 emblem, derived from the 6-litre V8 engine that preceded the final, was retained even if the 630 name would have had a historical background.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The M100 engine thus created is considered strong and durable, the manufacturer's first construct of its kind: its power has been increased to double (mm.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Middelhauven 600 Kompressor) compared to the serial engine without loss of reliability.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

In the US market, an automatic transmission was also indispensable and, exceptionally to its contemporaries, as a four-speed, it was of Daimler Benz AG's own design too.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Without a torque converter, the lamellar coupler's implemented gearbox performs decidedly more accurately compared to its soft-slip shifting U.S. competitors, something some customers didn't like.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Likewise, the air suspension, compared to traditional steel springs, was sports-car-like and progressive — not uncomfortable, but especially the extensive, limp flex movements of U.S. representative cars in it did little to show.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The bodywork was designed under design director Friedrich Geiger: the main responsibility for the shapes was borne by Paul Bracq with his assistant Bruno Sacco.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

In 1960, the most suitable was chosen from the proposals: the 600's side window division resembled the D-generation (W189) of the 300 model, but body shapes incorporated many of the distinctive features characteristic of 1960s Mercedes-Benzes.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The 600-model's timeless [19] and restrained but robust and contemporaneous chrome-plated design also attracted criticism.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Some customers would have wished the design more eye-catching, while open-ended American-style ostentatious Germany, the most famous mock designation of big-format car design was the Gelsenkirchener Barock.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

This designation ironically referred to a style of furnishings common, bourgeois and old-fashioned in the 1930s and again in the 1950s, in which pretentious size combined with opulent ornamentation.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Especially in Germany, wealthy individuals often ended up acquiring 300 SEL 6.3 because they felt the 600 was too large and expensive to look.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

However, Paul Bracqn's work has stood the test of time, and even people who are less interested in cars still realise that the 600 is something special about successful proportions.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

In hilarious detail, the famous motor journalist Fritz B. Busch, who received the 600's first test drive in late 1963, says [20] in his humorous-self-ironic style that the public had looked forward to seeing celebrities of the time aboard the new 600, and reacted almost roughly when Only an unknown newsagent emerged from it: Busch says that he finally had to present himself as a character worthy of a car in order to satisfy the expectations of viewers.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The new glitzy 600 model recalled the great Mercedes-Benz of the 1930s, and its prestige value for both manufacturer and Germany was incalculable [21].


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Designers saw the need to offer a 600-model option with an extended wheelbase for governmental needs or for the U.S. representative car market, where lengthened limousines (“formal limousine”) had been common for decades.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Daimler-Benz AG's costing showed that due to the expected low manufacturing volume of the model, it would not be able to recoup the cost of the design, meaning the rest of the factory range would have to substretch the W100 model, but it was wanted to be implemented for image reasons.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The final expenditure was well below the expected 3000 pieces per year, falling well below even the downward-adjusted estimate of 1000 pieces per year, since the annual production reached its legal point already in 1965 with only 408 copies.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The fast, simpler 300 SEL 6.3, on the other hand, was a much greater success than expected: between 1968 and 1972 it was sold over 6500 copies.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

In the 1964 price list, the starting price for the 600 model was 56600 DEM (012 version) or 63500 DEM (014 version), in 1971 66933 or 74924 DEM, and in the last price list released in 1979 was 144368 or 165760 DEM.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

In order to relate the price, the starting price without accessories was approximately ten times that of Volkswagen Bubble with the largest 1500-cubic engine (price 1967) [22].


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

In the United States, the starting price of one short wheelbase 600 ($20500, summer 1965) would have received a Lincoln Continental, a Buick Riviera, two Pontiac GTOs, and there would have been enough money for another 2-3 Volkswagen [23].


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The convenience equipment produced a headache for the Daimler-Benz design group.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

It wanted to avoid the numerous weighty electric motors used by its US rivals.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The company finally organised a competition between an electric created under Werner Breitschwerdt and a hydraulic solution designed under the leadership of Ernst Fiala.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Electrically equipped would have required a two-battery system, and the very high objectives of the design group were partly not even satisfiable as electric action (see the extremely complex electro-hydraulic roof of the fourth-generation Lincoln Continental convertible 1961-1967 and the motorised mechanism of the tailgate [24]), which is why the elegant centralized hydraulics system prevailed.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

It used seat adjustments, window lifters, sunroof, ventilation hatches, parking brake trigger, boot lid, shock absorber adjustments, and a “soft close” function on the doors.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The advantages of the hydraulic system include small size, lightness, modifiability and noiseless operation, but it is expensive and complex.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The actuators used in aviation were too heavy or bulky for the company's purposes, so small enough versions were developed at Sindelfingen.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

As a departure from its competitors, the representative car also came to offer excellent, even sporty driveability combined with unheard comfort - to make the impossible a reality as might be required of the world's oldest car manufacturer: thus the W100 received an air suspension that kept ground clearance standard, also allow an increase in the ground clearance if necessary.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The pressure system was also utilized for brake boosting and signalling equipment.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The W100 was to provide excellent crash safety.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

On 10 September 1959, Daimler-Benz, as the world's first automaker, had organised a crash test [25].


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The 600 representative car would in time go through the same, sure, much simpler crash tests than the company's smaller models.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

However, the company had begun its work on improving vehicle safety as early as 1 August 1939 by establishing a department headed by Béla Barényi, focusing on safety issues [26].


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Daimler-Benz patented a passenger car safety bodywork in 1951, and first implemented it in the 1959 W111.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Implementation of 600 design objectives (Childrenheft) required solutions that would stretch the limits of technical possibilities: the work created 15 new patents for Daimler-Benz AG.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

However, the implementation was superbly successful: despite its size, the 600 model was quite light (the short-wheelbase limousine weighed “only” 2.5 tons), its performance characteristics (0—100 km/h in 9.7 seconds, top speed 209.3 km/h) [27] fell only marginally behind the newly introduced Porsche 911 in 1964 - of the model, and its drivability was sporty precise and smooth rather than representative car-like hovering and soft.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

As the 1960s progressed, the 600 model was declared “the best car in the world” by several industry magazines, as it unexpectedly and phenomenally combined features that had not been previously known to attach to a heavy-duty representative car.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

An equally large leap in automotive technology without regard to the cost at the same time is unlikely to happen again: many solutions invented for the 600 model in the early 1960s have become common not only in expensive cars, but also become standard equipment even in small and medium-sized in passenger cars [28].


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Standard equipment For Mercedes-Benzes in the 1960s, the basic W100 model was also quite rugged in standard equipment, and the customer was able to order his car exactly to meet their needs: for example, in the early years in Europe, tinted glass or expensive air conditioners were not part of the equipment, but had to be ordered for the basic car separately.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Due to the ordering method, the 600 are very unique [29]: the car's manufacturing details, subscriber information, original equipment, colours (UT = Unterteil, body colour and OT = Oberteil, with the ceiling in several 600 individuals varnished in a contrasting colour) and interior details are shown in the accompanying on the data card - a copy of this card is available at least through Mercedes-Benz Classic.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Card code key lie due to abundant changes unnecessary to decrypt in this context.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

As the 600 model was already made largely by hand in the late 1960s, the subscriber allowed the subscriber to choose the most special accessories for his car: handicrafts may appear in relation to the rest of the interior of the additional equipment, partly due to time bumpy casing, which is, however, for the rest of the era, a splendor or typical for special cars.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The short-wheelbase car was completed in about 50 working days, the long often requiring double time.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Mercedes-Benz equipped the 600s with more harmoniously fitting car size, about 20 percent enlarged radiator and tailgate star badges, and the 600 model badge had larger font sizes.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The Model Book (Musterbuch) of 1965 (the model books were updated several times) offered 34 shortlisted tonal options for paint, but of course there were also options to test the limits of good taste: for example, the Red Baron Pullman of Peanvat cartoon Charles M. Schultz [30].


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The interior was selectable from a wide range of materials and colors: leather decor in 24 colors (mm.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Made from hides of Swiss Rosanil, British Conolly or Italian Poltrona [28] acquired by the factory from the Stuttgartian company C.F.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

from the Roser leather factory), there were ten ready-made leather/velour combinations, and the factory carried out individual wishes.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

It has been said (e.g.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Jay Leno, an exemplary recording of automobile history in his collection) that a thick, soft leather quality like the early 1960s is no longer difficult to find in modern times.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

There were four types of wood in the precious wood range, and the shade of petroleum varnish was selectable from natural to almost black [31].


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The standard tree species used walnut wood, for an additional fee the Wurzelholz root tree of the walnut tree with swirling causes (photo; 1965 cab with walnut root tree).


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The most expensive types of wood (Macassar ebony or Rio palisander) may have increased the price of a car by more than DEM 10,000.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

After the model overhaul, non-window frames, instrument panel or partition panels, individual moldings or speaker covers were left to special order due to the large proportion of handicrafts, and were removed in 1972 in large parts.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The decay of 600 pieces of precious wood in tropical environments is feared, as the renewal price of a turbed set of precious wood, depending on the type of wood chosen, could be in the range of 100,000 euros as early as the 1980s: the use of rare wood species in a car - which was criticised by the environmental movement as early as the 1970s, albeit used wood was cultivated - today it can even be impossible.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The 600 model is characterised by the rear window's airflow control, traction and hum-blocking interior glasses if the window was to be opened while driving (however, they had been available for similar purposes as early as the 1930s for at least the 770 model cabin side windows).


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The front side glazing is equipped with lever-operated ventilation windows.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The absence of both rear inserts and ventilation windows is a hallmark of the armored 600 individuals.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Designed to be traction free, the ventilation and heating system of the W100 is thermostat-controlled.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Ventilation is assisted by a fan moved to the trunk, and the circulation is very complicated.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The air conditioner (if there was) was usually combined with a cooled compartment between the front seats.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

An almost unknown detail in the air-conditioned 600 models is the air control system placed under the cabin in copper enclosure [29].


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

In the 1960s, the rare air conditioner was manufactured by the Stuttgartian company BEHR — unfortunately, it was still not quite like its US competitors, as Jay Leno mentions in his presentation of 300 SEL 6.3.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

A large sized steering wheel typical of Mercedes-Benzes — a safety factor in the event of possible breakage of the boost — adjusts telescopically, but lacks position adjustment (“tilt”).


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The steering wheel was available in either black or ivory colour.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The central locking of 600 models operates under negative pressure, and in addition to the doors and the tailgate, the fuel filler hatch is covered by the central locking.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The disadvantages of locks have been implemented anomalously compared to other MB locks of the era: the key set includes a drive key (H = Hauptschlüssel) as well as a differently shaped valet key (N = Nebenschlüssel) for car valet parking, which does not work in the boot lock.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Audio equipment was selectable from a wide range, and a television receiver or car phone were also available to order, sometimes even a dictation machine, turntable or image recorder.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

For example, John Lennon equipped his 600 Pullman limousine, in addition to two radio cassette players and a turntable, with a common 8-Track cassette player in the United States [32].


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The luggage compartment has a neat lid housing for the spare wheel and ventilation fan.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

With a capacity of 580 litres, the luggage compartment is cramped and slightly awkwardly shaped in relation to the volume of car-travelling goods, so the factory offered it, like the predecessor 300, a precisely sized suitcase kit.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Standard equipment includes an emergency repair kit embedded in the front trunk wall in case of a breach of comfort hydraulics, including pins that lock the backs of the front seats or wedges needed to close windows.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

For air suspension, there is also an emergency repair kit in case of a breach with massive parts inserted into the internal element of the spare tire rim (mm.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Notlaufpuffer rubbers and racks to lift the suspension, wheel wedges) - though fitting limiter rubbers on the front axle requires simultaneous lifting of the front wheels, as the stabilizer would prevent the lopsided ejection required to install the limiter rubber.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Like the 1960s, a still very wide set of tools is packaged in a wrap-around leather case.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Nowadays, only the 600 individuals that are carefully kept for sale have the entire emergency repair kit, tool wrap, or, say, cold compartment crystal glasses and thermos (if equipped with compartment) still in the store.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Their repurchase exactly as originals is difficult, as far as cold compartment equipment is concerned, it is already almost impossible.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Engineering Engine 250x250px|Mercedes-Benz 600 M100 engine. |Thumbnail All 600 versions are equipped with a 6,329 cubic centimetre (effective cylinder capacity 6,332 cm³) [33] V8-built, five-frame bearing M100 E 63 engine (cylinder diameter 103 mm × stroke 93 mm), which was available with a normal compression ratio of 9:1 and a rated power of 250 horsepower (DIN) or 300 horsepower (SAE) at 4,000/min.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The DIN power reading refers to the residual power of the engine with all its auxiliaries taken into account, but before the clutch and transmission.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

A low-compression 7.3:1 version was also offered for countries where the availability of high-octane fuel grade could be problematic, as well as the USA version with a slightly lower compression ratio of 8.1:1.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

There is about 502 newtonmeters (51 mkp) of torque at 2,800 rpm.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The engines of the 600 model are M 100.980, [33] while the product code of the 300 model M100 E 63 is M 100.981 due to differences [34] [35].


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

In March 1972 (starting with car 2033), the engine underwent a major modification to further dampen its running vibrations: at that time a redesigned crankshaft with counterweights came into use, which also knew small adjustments to the weight of the piston and connecting rod [36].


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

To distinguish itself from the OHV-built US large-production engines (with some exceptions), the M100 was equipped with single Duplex chain-driven overhead camshafts per row of cylinders, and the covers were aluminium cast.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Also, the block was originally to be aluminium, but in 1962 as engine size increased with the increase in bore to its final cylinder capacity, the material changed to cast iron.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The two valves per cylinder are equipped with hydraulic rotary RotoCup shock cups, and the exhaust valves have a sodium filling for better heat management.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The running of the M100 engine is a hint rougher than standard V8 engines, perhaps caused by its numerous auxiliaries, and it is therefore quite common to swap the engine mounts for the hydraulically damped, more vibration-absorbing mounts of the newer 6.9-litre version for the 600 model technology more extensively when refurbishing or upgrading.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Fuel injection is done sequentially by a mechanical eight-piston Bosch pump.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The pump has mm.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

pressure box requiring precise adjustment to compensate for pressure height and has a separate oil volume check stick.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The elongated and fine mechanical syringe pump requires precision when installed, so that it will sit in place without warping and thus not vibrate during operation.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

In particular, the USA injection pump differed from European models (4 manufacturing kits) due to California emissions limits until emissions limits tightened even on the old continent.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Consumption readings reported by the factory were 17.8 (SWB, DIN 70030) [37]/18.2 (LWB) l/100 km for high-octane fuel, while the technical table of Wiedmaier's work indicates readings of 24 to 26 l/100 km.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

When travelling at road speeds in Finland, SWB consumption on a tank may fall to 14 l/100 km, which is surprisingly low in terms of the car's mass and engine capacity.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The volume of the fuel tank is 112 liters (of which the reserve tank is 19 liters), the volume of oil in the engine is 6.5-8 liters, and the volume of the cooling system including the heating equipment is 23 liters (in the 012 version) [38].


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The automatic transmission is Mercedes-Benz's own design without a torque converter (hydraulic lamellar switch) and four-speed, instead of the more typical two- or three-speed ones of its era.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Brokerages are 3.98 (I), 2.46 (II), 1.58 (III), 1.00 (IV), 3.23 (R), and aft brokerage 3.23 (lock back).


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The gear selector located on the wheel shaft on a labyrinth trajectory that is very typical of Mercedes-Benz allows manual switching if desired: the factory promised 0-100 km/h acceleration time of 9,7 seconds for the 012 version has been declared to be achieved by manual switching [37].


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The gear diagram is P—R—N—4—3—2, with the transmission normally going in second gear.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The forced one is used only in the 2 position of the dial or on the kickdown (i.e. the gas on the bottom).


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Due to the lamellar coupling, shifting events are more precise, the clutch does not slip as in gearboxes with a torque converter, and it has a subdued characteristic sound, especially when going into motion.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

In comparative tests, the Rolls-Royce Silver Shadown “L410" Type [39] V8 powertrain (the name derives from its 4.10-inch cylinder diameter) was considered to be more civilized than the Mercedes-Benz M100 [40] although the Silver Shadown driving characteristics did not exceed anywhere near the 600 model: again, talk about the difference in philosophy between a soft and whispering Rolls-Royce (“people who have achieved their status are in no hurry”) [41] and a sporty car with a supercharger in a hurry drive between [42] 600 — of course, both of which are ahead of the larger US in terms of driving characteristics representative cars.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Buyers elevated the Silver Shadown (and its lengthened EWB- l. extended wheelbase, then the Silver Wraith II version) as Rolls-Royce's most successful model, with annual sales at times exceeding the overall sales reading of the 600 models.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The chassis and other equipment 600 uses a very strong if not oversized base plate, which is a key factor behind the model's excellent driving characteristics.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The chassis design follows the factory's traditional formula with separate suspension at the front of the double wishbones and a split 'Pendelachse' type pendulum axle at the rear, which are nevertheless tuned very carefully to give a very neutral driving behaviour [43].


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

In a departure from previous solutions, in the 600, the wishbone geometry was altered to reduce the braking nod (“Anti-Dive”).


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The kinetics of the rear axle broadly follow the W112's solutions, but its pushrods reduce suspension pile depressions in accelerations (“Anti-Squat”).


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

In keeping with the old “Mercedes turns on the table” adage, the angle of turning of the front wheels is large.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The turning circle is only 12.7 metres (LWB: 14.6 m), which is mind-boggling for the car's large size.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Only and only for the W100 model, a cross-weave ring was produced in size 9.00 H 15 Supersport 6 PR, the Fulda manufacturer's “Diadem” or the equivalent Continental model “Super Record Nylon” (Fulda was part of the Continental group), and as an anachronism, this “rag ring” chosen for better driving comfort was preserved as standard tyres instead of more modern belt tyres until the end of manufacture [44].


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

However, most owners switched to radial tyres, with the more conventional size 235 HR 15, although because of their wider shoulder, the belt tyres have a nasty tendency to scrub the exhaust system into the initial curves of the front wheel housings if the steering is deviated to its extreme positions.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Due to the difficult availability of original tires, many 600 individuals have received e.g.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Michelin equivalent reproduction ring.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Brake and suspension systems use the same compressed atmosphere (normal range 14 to 16 bar, alarm limit 9 bar) [45].


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The braking system split into two circuits (e/t) has its own chamber in the battery mulator, which is uppermost in the hierarchy, that is, inflates before the suspension section, and in case of failure takes backup pressure from the suspension tank section.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The brakes are pressure-assisted disc brakes on every wheel: front with duplicated calipers, rear with single saddles.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Brake calipers and many parts of the wheel suspension are magnesium casting parts where corrosion can occur: good care must be taken of protection and condition checks, as vibrated parts are not only critical for safe operation, but also very expensive.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The power of the brakes can exceed tyre grip at speeds of another 200 km/h: however, the equipment is very conscientious, the braking force is easy to dispense, and the heavy representative car stops efficiently.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The stand-in or emergency brake mechanically affects separate drum brakes on the rear axle, as in many other German passenger cars: it is released either electrically hydraulically by the gearbox when engaging the driving gear, or manually from the spare handle.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Air suspension on wheel-specific bellows is driven by three valves (two on the front axle, one on the rear axle) to keep the car's ground clearance constant, and provides a 50 km/h speed-limited 50 millimeter elevated terrain position.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Control valves are typical causes in the event of leakage in the air suspension and require refurbishment from time to time.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Air suspension is lockable, for example, for transportation, so that any flex movements of the car do not drain the air bellows, and for freight transportation the factory once had to offer a separate guidebook.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

To avoid storage damage, the factory recommended driving the car every 3—5 weeks for at least 25 miles, and the air suspension was required as a general condition check to keep its pressure for at least a week.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

It is therefore perfectly normal for the suspension of 600 low-driving individuals within weeks/months if the engine cannot be used in demonstration or storage mode, or there is no compressed air source with sufficient output to fill the system.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The Mercedes-Benz Museum conserves its exhibition car by special methods.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The suspension pneumatic system also uses a pneumatic horn intended for highway driving for signalling.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

This system has two power positions, a quieter city horn (duplicated, different sounds) and a switchable 104 decibel road lathe — as far as the legislation of the country of registration allows: the horn is said to be the loudest car audio device in the world in the world, and its low the sound resembles a ship's foghorn.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

With all the horns connected, a tri-chord is formed, which, despite the high sound pressure, is pleasant.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The “Komforthydraulik” system (150—200 bar, factory adjustment 175 bar) [46] uses mm.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

seat adjustments (front distance, height and backrest tilt; rear distance = normal/rest position), windows, skylight (multiple sizes and placements, if any), wall window (if any), tailgate cover, door closing mechanism (up to 1968 standard, later on order) and ventilation hatches, in addition to which the Bilstein shock absorbers are equipped with a stiffness adjustment with a steering wheel whisker (also automatically stiffens at a speed exceeding 160 km/h).


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Due to its modifiability, comfort hydraulics have been extended in some 600 individuals: for example, the rear seat is split offering separate adjustments to each half, and in long-wheelbase individuals the system may also be wider.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The 12-volt electrical system has two chargers, one below each cylinder block at the front, and a bulky 88 ampere-hour battery.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The 600 featured the manufacturer's first indoor lighting with a 10-second delay switch, and a total of 11 interior lights plus cargo and engine compartment lighting.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Rear and rear side windows are often equipped with thin fabric curtains that protect privacy.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Of the subsystems, comfort hydraulics in particular are feared for its complexity and leakage sensitivity.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Due to the high operating pressure, the system must be closed and the work subject insulated without pressure before repairs, as a sharp jet of liquid can cut like a knife.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The system uses mineral oil-based hydraulic fluid (a grade used in aircraft systems, e.g.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Aeroshell 41), and is easily starved using ATF oil of similar action - thus destroying the seals in the system.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

With the engine turned off, hydraulic devices keep up the pressure in the system, consuming some time in operation, but the operating speed of actuators slows down with pressure consumption.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The reserve can withstand ordinary driving breaks well, but the constant play of children or childminders with magically noiselessly powered devices, for example, causes their power to fade - sure, starting the engine will restore the pressure that quick.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Also, the air suspension is leakage sensitive, and requires regular maintenance.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Due to its technical challenge, the large W100 is revered by collectors, even to some extent estranged, a Mercedes-Benz classic whose availability moves from hopeless wrecks to restored top specimens.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

In the 2000s, an expert full restoration cost at least EUR 300 000, [47] [48] and the entire set of parts of the broken Komforthydraulik system alone was EUR 80 000 for the short wheelbase version with less than the long version.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The restoration of the 600 model is most often a 'labour of love', i.e. more expensive than the vehicle's likely market value.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

From time to time in the United States, 600 specimens with steel springs retrofitted, comfort hydraulics replaced by electric motors, and replaced by a US manufacturer's V8 carburetor engine to replace the original due to its highly complex mechanical fuel injection pump: these Of course, the lookalike editions no longer offer the magical features of the original 600.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

600 model variants Factory-sized model options, number of items Product number description 600 model chassis numbers are of the format 100.123-45-006789, where 100 = W100, 123 = Ausführung, 4 = steering gear side (1=LHD, 2=RHD), 5 = transmission (0=manual, 2=automaton; us 1 was booked for six-cylinder Ponton models with hydraulic coupling [49]), and 6789 = identification number.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The prototype C100 “Nallinger Coupé” received its own separate identification number according to the announcement of Mercedes-Benz Classic, which does not follow the logic of serial model numbering and does not count towards the number of pieces in the W100 manufacture.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The Ausführung leaflet Ausführung 012 was a 3,200 mm wheelbase (SWB) limousine (4 doors, 2 rows of seats) as the main rule without a partition.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Total production of 2,190 pieces, one of which on the “Landaulet” roof Ausführung 014 was a 3,900 mm wheelbase (LWB) limousine (4 doors, 3 rows of seats) for static reasons with a partition.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Total production 304 pcs.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The Ausführung 015 was a 3,900 mm wheelbase (LWB) “Landaulet” (4 or 6 doors, 2 rows of seats and an auxiliary row of seats, fabric roof at the rear) with a partition.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Total production 59 pcs.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The Ausführung 016 was a 3,900 mm wheelbase (LWB) “Pullman” limousine (6 doors, center doors on order also without outside handles) with a partition.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Total production 124 pcs.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Total: 2,677 of which 2,335 were with left-hand steering (ID 12, LHD) and 342 with right-hand drive (ID 22, RHD) Only three 3,900 mm wheelbase specimens were delivered without partition, [50] when several 012 versions received one as customer order Export distribution by continent, Europe by country Exports went 2 088 pcs, of which (e.g.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

): 743pc of exports to the US stopped in 1973 as emissions (particularly California) and safety regulations (flex buffers) tightened to Canada went 37pc to the rest of America went 20pc to Europe went 536pc, of which France 151pc to UK 126pc (exports stopped 1978) to Switzerland 65pc to Italy 53pc Sweden 14pc Ireland 11pc to Soviet Union, Romania à 3pc Luxembourg 2pc to Albania, Andorra, Bulgaria and Norway à 1pc Unidentified (Europe) 105pc to Asia went 473pc to Australia and Oceania went 91pc Africa went 182pc Unidentified (world) 6pc to the Federal Republic of Germany left 589 pc Source: [51] Manufacturing volumes per year Source: [52] Year1963196419651966196819691970197119721973197419751976197719781978197919801981totalSWB29934529313818427919818617264243336283633152 190LWB186330213957385138182871426424333633152 190LWB186330213957385138182817141912171154815213957385138182871419123633152 Σ310740832315922333623623721082524754405344202 677 Model reform 1968/1969 225px|Mercedes-Benz 600 newer cockpit. |The miniature W100 did not experience any major design overhauls during its manufacture, as the elegant and low-gesture original design lasted time well, the customer base appreciated continuity, and the 600 was originally designed for 10-12 years after Mercedes-Benz had been characterised by instead of a seven-year interval [53].


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

However, with the change of 1968 and 1969, the 600 experienced some minor changes in external hallmarks, partly for technical reasons.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The most visible changes were the hubcaps on the wheels, which changed from two-piece (chrome hoop and separate small-sized centre cup) to one-piece with a visibly increased centre with reduced protrusion.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

In European models, the front light glass changed from convex to flat when switching to halogen lights (USA models had separate “sealed beam” head spotlights, red large-format flashlights instead of fog lights, and orange/red “side marker” lights required by law since 1968), and likewise the flashing screens on the taillights changed due to a change in legislation (1969) to orange instead of red (in USA models, full-red rear flashes remained).


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The external rear-view mirrors (on both sides) changed from the inside to be adjustable and slightly bumpy due to the adjusting mechanics.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Indoors, the number of precious wood sections contracted: the instrument case changed by default from noble wood instead of engraved to padded and leather-covered (photo; wooden remained optional until 1972), and moldings under the elbows of the doors were removed.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The roller-shaped Schlummerrrolle headrests became the butterfly-shaped headrests of later passenger cars.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The size of the steering wheel centre increased to improve crash safety, and the mouthpiece crochet around the centre was increased.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

In engineering, the hydraulic assisted shutter on doors was left out of standard equipment in 1969 and completely in 1971.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

However, there seems to be an inconsistency in the visible hallmarks of model reform today, i.e., when restoring 600 individuals, the details are “wrong”: the most likely explanation is that because of the larger manufacturing volume in the early years, “old” parts are more readily available when used or refurbished.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

For example, this information box photograph of the newer short wheelbase 600 with convex front lights of the old model.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The engine, chassis and equipment underwent such numerous developments that it does not make sense to list the details.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Renovation plans 1972 and 1977 around the time of the presentation of the S-Series W116 body model, Mercedes-Benz was developing an updated 600 with bow and stern parts similar to the new model: the angular bow of the test model made the W116 spotlight units more angular as such: the angular bow of the test model made the W116 spotlight units more angular as such contoured fenders with their upper edge running in line with the bonnet edge, but stylistically reminiscent of the new W123 body design, four light solution headlights with smaller high beam lights, were also implanted.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

For the resumption of export to the United States, flex buffers similar to the V116 had been selected as the buffers.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The F version was scheduled to enter the market in 1975 with the same upgraded 210kW/286 hp M100 engine that met US pollution regulations as the 450 SEL 6.9: for test runs, at least one 600 was fitted with a new engine version.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

Difficult comfort hydraulics had been thought to be replaced by new and much early-1960s smaller/lighter electric motors.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

However, the F version finally fell victim to the costing redpen, as development costs would have been too high in relation to the expected sales volume [54].


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

In 1977, the plan was developed as a test car (W100 FL) up to [55] with light equipment similar to the W123, but a return to the old-style metal bumpers that protrude less in the bumpers.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

The W100 FL had also already received an interior reminiscent of the S-Series W126 and safety test cars, as well as padded window frames with no noble wood layout.


Question: What price was the Austin 7?

Mercedes-Benz 600

However, the opinions of both management and clientele were conservative: they preferred the preservation of classic forms.