Question: How far from Earth is Venus located?

Venus

[20] Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Karttunen, Hannu et al| title = Astronomy Basics | location = Helsinki| publisher = Ursa| year = 2003| version=4th institution}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Oja, Heikki| = Behind Saturn: 1990- chapter discoveries in our solar system| location = Helsinki| publisher = Ursa| year = 2000}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Journal, Raimo| title = Sfairopoiia, Machinery of Orbs and Circles in the Old Times| publisher = Astronomical Association Ursa ry| year = 2009}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Oja, Heikki & Poutanen, Markku| title = Solar System| location = Helsinki| publisher = Ursa| year = 1990}} Citation error, replace {{cite book| author = Oja, Heikki & Poutanen, Markku| = Planets | location = Helsinki| publisher = Ursa| year = 1982}} References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Bacon, Osmo| title = Mysterious Venus| location = Ranua| publisher = Pine Cost| year = 2012}} On topic elsewhere Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Category:Earth-like planets Category:Space colonization Category:Key articles in screening


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

The Mau-Mau Rebellion (also known as Mzungu Arudi Ulaya Mwafrika Apate Uhuru and Kenya State of Emergency) was a military revolt between 1952 and 1960, which was a guerrilla war initiated by the Mau-mau movement to liberate Kenya from British colonial rule into an independent state.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

The movement arose out of the disillusionment of the farm workers of the Kikuju tribe with colonial rule.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

The Mau-mau freedom struggle was unable to liberate Kenya through military action.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Its activities led to a shortage of trust between Kenya's white colonial residents and the British Home Office, which in time contributed to Kenya's independence on 12 December 1963.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

[1] The origin of the name of the Mau-mau movement is not known.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

There are several explanations: some think it is a place name (a group of hills); others think it is an invention by British settlers, meant to be ridiculous and a derogatory nonword.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

It could also be an abbreviation for the Swahili language words Mzungu aende ulaya — mwafrika apate uhuru — “let the white man go home, the African get his freedom”.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

At the core of the liberation movement were the Kikujus, who were backed by members of the Embu and Meru tribes.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

The Kikujus themselves didn't call their movement mau-mau.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

They used the names Muingi (movement), Muigwithania (unifier), Muma wa uiguano (Oath of Unanimity), or the initials KCA of the Kikuyu Central Association, which was the instigator of the mau-mau rebellion.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Background of the Mau-Mau Rebellion The Mau-mau rebellion was due to a wide range of economic backgrounds.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

When problems could not be resolved by political means, the situation was torn into civil war.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Economic plight of the Kikuju Lands occupied by settlers of European origin had been the subject of controversy for several decades before the conflict escalated.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Most of the whites' lands were located in the central highlands of Kenya.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

The climate of the region is more temperate than that of other parts of the country, and its natives are predominantly Kikuju.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

In 1948, some 1250,000 Kikuju were crammed into an area of 5200 square kilometres, while thirty thousand settlers had taken over 31,000 square kilometres of prime agricultural land.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

During the colonial period, the settlers agreed to let into the territories of Europeans about 120,000 kikuju, who practically had the status of crofter: they received work duty, taxvärk, against cultivating their own columns on good land.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

As these crofters were inappropriate landowners in terms of law, they had no legal rights to their farms, and between 1938 and 1946 the settlers' taxi warrant requirements kept rising.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

It is thought that the compensation received by kikuju for their work decreased by between 30 and 40 per cent during those years.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

It was about an attempt to turn crofters into rengs.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

This caused resentment and bitterness among crofters, which in time led to a mau-mau rebellion.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

The deteriorating economic situation of highland crofters caused thousands of Kikujus to trek to Nairobi in search of work, contributing to the doubling of the city's population between 1938 and 1952.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

At the same time, however, a social class of landowner kikuju, largely identified with the interests of white colonists, was emerging.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Thus a class conflict arose among the Kikuju people.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

In 1953, nearly half of the Kikuju were landless overpopulation.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

This meant an increase in poverty and unemployment.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Economic segregation caused a mutual civil war among the Kikuju people as part of the Mau-mau rebellion.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Organizing under the leadership of the KCA All historical details are still unknown, but in the late 1940s the executive board of the banned Kikuyu Central Association began planning a passive resistance campaign to bring the land plight of the Kikuju into the public consciousness.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Preparing for the campaign was a rites of oath-making and initiation within the tribal customs of the region, which the persons who carried out believed the breach of the oath would result in a supernatural death.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

The vows of initiation caused a wide range of rumours among European-born colonists.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

These were alleged to include ritual man-eating, meddling with animals and their bodies, sex brawls, and the consecration of rite sites with entrails and goat eyes cut off.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

It was also believed the oath required the murder, mutilation and burning of whites.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Although most of these stories were exaggerated horror stories, the purpose of which was primarily to obtain aid from the British Government, based on what is known about the customs of the region, whale ceremonies certainly included a wide variety of guests from a European perspective and even frightening expenditure, like sacrificing animals and drinking their blood.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Later rituals also included a vow to resist and slay whites, but the original KCA vows were limited to civil disobedience and passive resistance.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

The East African Trade Union Confederation While the KCA, with its rituals and lights, was creating a network of secret societies in the so-called White Highlands region, the centre of resistance moved to Nairobi among the trade unions.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

On May Day 1949, six trade unions merged to form the East African Trades Union Congress (EATUC), the East African Trades Union Congress (EATUC).


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

In the early part of 1950, the EATUC organized a major protest campaign, after Nairobi had been granted the so-called. Royal Charter rights because the city was governed by an undemocratic, white-elected council.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

The campaign proved to be a serious prestige defeat for the colonial government and led to violent clashes between radical Africans and a population obedient to colonial rule.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

EATUC leaders were arrested after they demanded independence on May Day 1950 for Kenya.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

The free EATUC supporters responded to this with a general strike on 16 May.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

The strike crippled Nairobi for nine days and was only broken by capturing 300 labourers and intimidating the population with British military force.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

The strike spread to other cities and involved perhaps up to 100,000 laborers: in Mombasa, everything stood for two days.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

However, the strike ended in defeat and the trade organisation EATUC collapsed after the leaders went to jail.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

The Group of Forty Remaining trade union leaders decided to use the KCA campaign as an aid to organize counter-action.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

They joined the so-called. Forty Group (“Forty Group”), which was soas assembled a permanent group mainly in 1940 circumcised soldiers who served in the British army.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

This force included a wide range of Nairobians from ay-active to petty thieves.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Unlike the vows of the Kikuju Union, ceremonies of the Group of Forty explicitly called for the overthrow of colonial rule by violent revolution.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Supporters of the group procure it both money, weapons and ammunition.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Political bargaining opportunities are lost In May 1951, Colonial Minister James Griffith visited Kenya, where the Kenyan-African Union (KAU) presented him with its demands: these included the repeal of racial ortho laws and the adoption of 12 elected African representatives inclusion in the Legislative Council of the Colonial Affairs.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Apparently the settlers were reluctant to accept all of the KAU's demands, but assumed the Westminster Parliament would acquiesce to the part anyway.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Surprisingly, Griffith stopped short of KAU and proposed to the Legislative Council 14 delegates for whites (of which there were 30000), six representatives for the country's 100000 Asians, one for the Arab population of 24000 persons and five government-appointed, therefore, not freely elected representatives to drive the matter of five million native africans.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

This proposal deprived the native people of Kenya of their faith in the possibility of a peaceful, political negotiated settlement.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

KAU and the secret Central Committee In June 1951, urban radicals seized power in the Nairobi branch of KAU, which remained loyal to the pre-power until then, by infiltrating the meetings full of ay people.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

After that, they organized a secret central committee to organize an oath campaign in the city.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

The Central Committee quickly formed armed patrols to enforce its decisions, including killing informants.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

In November 1951, Nairobi radicals tried to hijack the entire KAU nationwide organisation with a similar junta, but this time Jomo Kenyatta proved to be a better gambler than them and won the election.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

However, pressure from Nairobi radicals forced KAU to adopt a position supporting Kenya's independence.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

The activities of the Central Committee expanded beyond Nairobi, with support coming primarily from the black population of white-held highland areas and the Kikuu reservation.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

The support of the Kikuju's own KCA organization declined at the same time, until it only had support in Kiambu County when the revolt began.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

The people of the Central Committee became increasingly ferocious: now they dared to slay their opponents in the middle of a bright day.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

White houses were scintillated on fire and livestock mutilated.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

However, Governor Philip Mitchell, who was already looking forward to retirement, ignored these warning signs, so the mau-mau rebellion was not nipped in the bud.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Initial backlash In June 1952 Henry Potter was appointed acting governor, replacing Philip Mitchell.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

A month later, he was informed by the colonial police that a mau-mau rebellion was afoot.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Particularly troubled areas were punished with collective fines and other sanctions affecting the whole community, individuals who took the oath of resistance were arrested, and Kikuju loyal to the preseason were encouraged to become informers and co-operatives.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Jomo Kenyatta, who later emerged as Kenya's first president, gave in to pressure and made a few anti-Mau-Mau speeches in the middle stages of 1952.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

The Nairobi Central Committee was already planning to assassinate Kenyatta for this good, but the colonial lords again suspected the speeches of being a plot and Kenyatta as the secret leader of the mau-taste, so he went to prison and that road to safety from mau-mau assassins.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

On 17 August 1952, the Colonial Ministry in London finally received word from Acting Governor Potter of how far things had progressed.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

On October 6, Evelyn Baring arrived in Kenya to assume the governor's powers for himself and almost immediately brought the emergency laws into effect after seeing where they went.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

The security forces enthusiastically used their emergency powers to commit torture, which both extorted confessions and to intimidate the population into reeds at all.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

State of Emergency On the effective date of the State of Emergency in October 1952, security forces arrested Jomo Kenyatta and 100 Kikuju leaders under the so-called Operation Jock Scott.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

In the first 25 days of the operation, eight thousand political activists were arrested.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

It was assumed that the operation would cripple the insurgency by capturing its leaders, but what remains: violence escalated even before.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Two weeks after the state of emergency was declared, the first white person to fall victim.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Several members of the Nairobi Central Committee went to prison, but the organisation was too deep in society to be suppressed solely by incarcerating people.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

[1] Local committees responded to the arrests by attacking white settlers and Africans loyal to the predominance and defacing their property.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

On the other hand, some settlers regarded all Kikuju as enemies and considered their right to torture and slay these without trial.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

This naturally only exacerbated the general bitterness and violence.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

British soldiers in Kenya on the first day of Operation Jock Scott were flown to Kenya from the Middle East by a battalion of soldiers from the Lancashire Sniper Regiment.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

The 2nd Battalion of the King's African Rifle Regiment, which was already in Kenya, received reinforcements from Uganda and Tanganyika (present-day Tanzania).


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

The Royal Air Force sent pilots and Handley Page Hastings troop transport aircraft.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

The cruiser Kenya arrived in the port of Mombasa carrying Royal Marines.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Soldiers from other troop divisions such as the Royal Highland Regiment also took part in the fighting.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

In total, around 55,000 British soldiers had time to fight in Kenya.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Initially, British soldiers had a little knowledge of the real organization and male strength of the mau taste.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

The most senior officers considered the mau-mau rebellion to be insignificant, at least compared to the simultaneous Malaka guerrilla war.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

British soldiers didn't always know or bother to distinguish civilians loyal to the pre-power from the mau-mau guerrillas, but killed or assaulted any African.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Some are even alleged to have collected the mutineers' cut-off right hands for a fee of five shilling.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

The Council of Freedom declares war In January 1953, the Central Committee reorganized as the Council of Freedom declared the War of Independence to have begun.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Unlike most of the Revolutionary Wars of its time, this was, before the rest, a revolt of urban workers, led by no socialist intellectual radicals.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

The network of secret committees was to be organized into a passive wing of the rebel army, which served as a supply, weapons procurement and recruitment division.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Warfare was taken care of by the active wing, the so-called Land and Freedom Armies (Land and Freedom Armies), as farmland and freedom were the main political objectives of the Kikuju.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

The weapons of the land and freedom armies included spears, long simi swords, kiboko whips made of rhinoceros skin and a clearing knife panga resembling a machete machete.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

A particularly popular weapon was precisely the panga, an economic tool widely used and available in African conditions.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Firearms on the ground army had only five hundred, and homemade firearms were also tried to be manufactured, but most were more dangerous to the shooter than to the target.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

The declaration of war appears to have been a strategic mistake made under pressure from the most abrupt elements of the Freedom Council.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

There was no clear war plan, there were no soldiers trained in guerrilla warfare, there was a lack of timely armament, and support came only from the tribes from whom the white settlers had braved the lands.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

However, the dearth of British soldiers, popular support and poor intelligence by colonial lords gave the mau-mau an advantage in early 1953.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Large guerrilla forces may have moved freely from their highland bases in the Aberdare Mountains and Mount Kenya regions to kill co-operatives and attack remote outposts of police and Home Guard forces.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Kikuju, who were obedient to more than 2000 primaries, are thought to have been killed: among these were many wealthy landowners.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Mau-mau struck at night.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Normally the targets were remote farms, but also Nairobi suburban homes.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Only the absence of firearms prevented the mau-mau from causing serious damage to the police and settlers, and that probably settled the outcome of the war.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

The Land and Freedom Armies had hiding and lookout sites as well as supplies and weapons depots.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Still, there was a shortage of equipment.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Hideouts in the forests of Mount Kenya were protected by simple trap pits.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

The insurgents organised their operations cell by cell, but many gun gangs also used military rank and troop detachments similar to the British Army.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

There were also their own judges and courts that punished mau-mau soldiers who committed mistakes with fines and other penalties.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Specifically fraternizing with persons not belonging to Mau-mau was a punishable offence.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Mau-mau wards averaged a hundred men.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

The rebellion had no very clear leadership, and separate departments did little to coordinate their actions either.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Among the leaders of the active wing, the most important were Stanley Mathenge, Waruhiu Itote (“General China”), the head of the mau-mau of Mount Kenya, and Dedan Kimathi, the mau-mau leader of the Aberdar Forest.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

On 24 January 1953, a group of Mau-mau guerrillas, who may have been former servants of their victims, killed with panga knives Ruck's white farming family — father, mother and six-year-old son — on their farm.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Whites reacted to this bloodwork furiously.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Many of these Brits, who represented the upper middle class, promptly fired all their kikuju servants for fear of them being supporters of the mau taste.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

The settlers, men and women alike, armed themselves, acquiring firearms if necessary, even by smuggling, and some fortified their farms.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Many joined armed volunteer units such as the Kenya Police Reserve or the Home Guard Character Kenyan Regiment.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Colonial authorities also took measures against the Kikuju.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

They regarded the Kikuyu Central Association as the political wing of the insurgency movement and, under threat of harsh punishments, banned anyone black from carrying a gun or from having any contact with the Mau-mau guerrillas.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

In May 1953, the Kikuyu Home Guard became an official part of the security forces and the core force of the fight against the mau-mau.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Its soldiers were normally members of tribes serving as allies of the British, or Africans who had converted to Christianity.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

The unit organised its own spy network and made punitive expeditions to areas it considered Mau-Mau minded.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Lari Massacre 25—26.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

On March 1953, three thousand rebels attacked the village of Lari, whose inhabitants were pro-English.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

About 70 civilians were mutilated to death, most the wives and children of Kikuyu Home Guard Home Guard soldiers on duty in other areas.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

The massacre received great publicity in the British media, and public image of the mau-mau rebels as bloodthirsty savages grew stronger.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Over the next few weeks, hundreds of suspected insurgents were massacred by police and Home Guard forces.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Resistance spreads in the cities In April 1953, the Kamba tribe's insurgent Central Committee Kamba Central Committee was formed.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

The rebels of the Kamba tribe were all railroaders, and practically the entire railway workers were under their control.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

The Kambas were also dominant in the African units of the army and police.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

At the same time, in the Narok region, the activities of the rebel forces belonging to the land force emerged, which, however, were quickly subdued by soldiers and police commanded for prevention efforts.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Although a large number of actives were captured by the police in the April 1953 raids, Nairobi committees directed by the Freedom Council continued to supply much-needed resupply and new recruits to the Land and Freedom Armies operating in the highlands.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

On 22 November 1953, it was reported that the mau-mau rebels used a drug called bhang before blood acts to excite their lust for violence.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

[2] [3] Unions for and against the taste of mau After realising what a source of rebelliousness the “fat leather labour” unions were, the colonial government established its own Union of Registered Trade Unions (KFRTU), with the aim of collecting to their districts especially white-collar workers and moderate the political climate among Africans.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

At the end of 1953, the KFRTU had a general secretary belonging to the Luo tribe, who was a Kenyan nationalist but opposed the Mau-mau rebellion.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

In early 1954, the KFRTU broke a general strike initiated by the Central Committee.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

The initiative passes to the Britons In June 1953, General George Erskine arrived in Kenya and took charge of operational operations, thus intensifying warfare by the British.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

20,000 new black soldiers were employed on the British side, who were put into “purges” of guerrilla support areas.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Kikujure reserves were declared “special areas”: anyone who in those areas did not comply with the stall command could be shot at once.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

With this excuse, suspects were often shot.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

The Aberdare Mountains and Mount Kenya, on the other hand, were “forbidden areas” from which the Africans they met were shot at the scene.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

The colonial government also created so-called fake troops (pseudo-gangs) assembled from mau-mau renegades freed from their initiation vows and African allies of the British commanded by white officers.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

The fake forces sought to infiltrate the rows of mau flavor and carried out punches from their backs.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

They also included white volunteers who tried to disguise themselves as Africans.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

At the end of 1953, security forces swept through Aberdare Forest in what is known as Operation Blitz and captured and massacred 125 guerrillas.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Despite the large-scale attacks, the British felt helpless against the revolt movement that was rolling on.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Defeating the movement The resistance of the Mau-mau movement was finally defeated by the end of 1956.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

Almost 8,000 Africans and 5,000 Colonial Army men were killed in the fighting.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

The fight also came at a cost to Britain financially, and they were then prepared to negotiate with Kenya's national leaders.


Question: Who led the mau-mau movement?

Mau-mau Rebellion

[1] Sources Category:History of Kenya Class:Revolts Category:Wars of Independence Class:1950s Class:1960s


Question: What is the age limit recommendation for Ghost in the Shell?

Death Note (2017 film)

Death Note is an American film directed by Adam Wingard and based on the manga series of the same name by Tsugumi Ōba and Takeshi Obata.


Question: What is the age limit recommendation for Ghost in the Shell?

Death Note (2017 film)

The film stars Nat Wolff, Lakeith Stanfield, Margaret Qualley, Shea Whigham, Paul Nakauchi, Jason Liles and Willem Dafoe.


Question: What is the age limit recommendation for Ghost in the Shell?

Death Note (2017 film)

The film was released on Netflix on August 25, 2017.


Question: What is the age limit recommendation for Ghost in the Shell?

Death Note (2017 film)

In a plot in Seattle, young student Light Turner gets hold of a supernatural notebook called the Death Note, which has the power to kill any person whose name is written on its pages.


Question: What is the age limit recommendation for Ghost in the Shell?

Death Note (2017 film)

He decides to use the notebook to kill criminals and change the world.


Question: What is the age limit recommendation for Ghost in the Shell?

Death Note (2017 film)

The enigmatic and eccentric Detective L takes it upon himself to find and stop him.


Question: What is the age limit recommendation for Ghost in the Shell?

Death Note (2017 film)

[1] In Roles Production In 2007, Malaysian magazine The Star reported more than ten film companies were interested in Death Note.


Question: What is the age limit recommendation for Ghost in the Shell?

Death Note (2017 film)

[2] Originally, Vertigo Entertainment was to implement the film, which would have been scripted by Charley and Vlas Parlapanides and produced by Roy Lee, Doug Davison, Dan Lin and Brian Witten.


Question: What is the age limit recommendation for Ghost in the Shell?

Death Note (2017 film)

[3] On April 30, 2009, Variety reported that Warner Bros., which was distributing the Death Note films of the original plays.


Question: What is the age limit recommendation for Ghost in the Shell?

Death Note (2017 film)

had acquired the rights to the US version, but the original screenwriters and producers were still involved.


Question: What is the age limit recommendation for Ghost in the Shell?

Death Note (2017 film)

[4] On 13 January 2011, it was announced that Shane Black had been hired as director, and Anthony Bagarozzi and Charles Mondry would serve as screenwriters.


Question: What is the age limit recommendation for Ghost in the Shell?

Death Note (2017 film)

[5] Warner Bros.


Question: What is the age limit recommendation for Ghost in the Shell?

Death Note (2017 film)

planned to change Light Yagami's motif to a more vengeful one and remove the shinigami from the story.


Question: What is the age limit recommendation for Ghost in the Shell?

Death Note (2017 film)

However, Black opposed the change, and the project was not taken forward yet.


Question: What is the age limit recommendation for Ghost in the Shell?

Death Note (2017 film)

[6] In 2013, Black confirmed in an interview with Bleeding Cool that he is still working on the film.


Question: What is the age limit recommendation for Ghost in the Shell?

Death Note (2017 film)

[7] In July 2014, Gus Van Sant was rumored to have replaced Black as director, with Dan Lin, Doug Davion, Roy Lee and Brian Witten producing the film through Vertigo Entertainment, Witten Pictures and Lin Pictures.


Question: What is the age limit recommendation for Ghost in the Shell?

Death Note (2017 film)

[8] On April 27, 2015, The Hollywood Reporter revealed Adam Wingard had committed to be the new director, and that Lin, Lee, Jason Hoffs and Masi Oka would produce the film under the supervision of Niija Kuykendall and Nik Mavinkurve.


Question: What is the age limit recommendation for Ghost in the Shell?

Death Note (2017 film)

[9] On September 29, 2015, Nat Wolff was selected to play the lead role in the film.


Question: What is the age limit recommendation for Ghost in the Shell?

Death Note (2017 film)

[10] On November 12, 2015, Margaret Qualley was selected to play the female lead role in the film.


Question: What is the age limit recommendation for Ghost in the Shell?

Death Note (2017 film)

[11] According to the producers, the age restriction for the film will be R (prohibited for anyone under 17).


Question: What is the age limit recommendation for Ghost in the Shell?

Death Note (2017 film)

[12] In April 2016, The Wrap reported that since Warner Bros.


Question: What is the age limit recommendation for Ghost in the Shell?

Death Note (2017 film)

planned to produce fewer films, the studio planned to hand over production of the film to another studio, but allowed Wingard to continue as director.


Question: What is the age limit recommendation for Ghost in the Shell?

Death Note (2017 film)

[13] On April 6, 2016, it was confirmed that Netflix had purchased the film rights from Warner Bros.


Question: What is the age limit recommendation for Ghost in the Shell?

Death Note (2017 film)

The budget for the film would come in at $40—50 million, and the most recent script draft had been done by Jeremy Slater.


Question: What is the age limit recommendation for Ghost in the Shell?

Death Note (2017 film)

[14] In June 2016, Lakeith Stanfield joined the Cast Guard.


Question: What is the age limit recommendation for Ghost in the Shell?

Death Note (2017 film)

[15] Production officially began on June 30, 2016.


Question: What is the age limit recommendation for Ghost in the Shell?

Death Note (2017 film)

[16] During the same day, it was also announced that Paul Nakauch and Shea Whigham had joined the Cast Guard.


Question: What is the age limit recommendation for Ghost in the Shell?

Death Note (2017 film)

[17] On August 2, 2016, Willem Dafoe was announced to voice acting shinigami Ryuki.


Question: What is the age limit recommendation for Ghost in the Shell?

Death Note (2017 film)

[18] Already the first casting choices were considered controversial in the same way as in other Hollywood-produced films based on manga series such as Dragonball Evolution and Ghost in the Shell.


Question: What is the age limit recommendation for Ghost in the Shell?

Death Note (2017 film)

[19] [20] In response to this, producers Roy Lee and Dan Lin said, “Our vision of Death Note has always been... to present to the world this dark and mysterious masterpiece.


Question: What is the age limit recommendation for Ghost in the Shell?

Death Note (2017 film)

The skill and diversity of the actors, screenwriters, production team reflect our belief that the story remains true to the moral meaning of the story — a universal theme with no racial boundaries.” [21] Sources On the topic elsewhere Please use a more specific IMDb template.


Question: What is the age limit recommendation for Ghost in the Shell?

Death Note (2017 film)

See the documentation for available templates.


Question: What is the age limit recommendation for Ghost in the Shell?

Death Note (2017 film)

Category:American films of 2017 Category:Netflix original films Category:Films based on comics


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

The 2005 Champions League Final was the final match of the 2004—05 season, the highest competition in European club football, the Champions League.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

The match was played between English club Liverpool and Italian club Milan at Ataturk Olympic Stadium, Istanbul, Turkey on 25 May 2005.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Liverpool, who won the competition four times previously, were making their sixth appearance in the final, the previous of which was in 1985.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

For Milan, who won the competition six times, the final was their second in three years and tenth overall.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

To qualify for the final, both teams had to survive the group stage and the play-offs, playing a total of 12 matches.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Liverpool were in the group cup behind AS Monaco, who came second in 2004, and later beat Bayer Leverkusen, Juventus and Chelsea, achieving a finals spot.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Milan won their block ahead of Barcelona, taking on Manchester United, Internazionale and PSV Eindhoven before qualifying for the final.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Milan was considered the advance favourite for the match and went into the lead in the first minute of the match with a goal from captain Paolo Maldini.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Milan striker Hernán Crespo scored two more goals making Reads 3—0 before half-time.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

In the second half, Liverpool launched a comeback and scored three goals inside six minutes, equalising for readings at 3—3 with goals from Steven Gerrard, Vladimír Šmicer and Xabi Alonso.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Readings remained the same even after extra time and a penalty shootout was needed to settle the match.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

The score was 3—2 in Liverpool's favour when Liverpool goalkeeper Jerzy Dudek fended off a penalty kick triggered by Andri Shevchenko, settling the win for Liverpool.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

The championship was Liverpool's third in Europe.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Road to the Final Match First half Liverpool used a 4—4—1—1 formation, with surprise name selected for the opening line-up Harry Kewell playing behind Milan Baroš, who had been selected in the line-up in place of Djibril Cissé.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

The inclusion of Kewell meant that Dietmar Hamann was left on the interchange bench and that Xabi Alonso and Steven Gerrard started at the bottom of midfield.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Milan used a 4—4—2 diamond formation, with Hernán Crespo selected instead of Jon Dahl Tomasson and Filippo Inzaghi to field; Inzaghi was not in the lineup at all.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Liverpool played in their red home outfit while Milan wore an all-white playing outfit.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Liverpool won the coin toss and started the match.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Milan scored in the first minute of the game when captain Paolo Maldini fired a volley from a free-kick sent by Andrea Pirlo that had been caused by Djimi Traoré.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

The goal made Maldini the oldest scorer of all time in the competition.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Liverpool responded almost immediately; John Arne Riise, retrieved from a corner kick by Steven Gerrard, fired a volley from the edge of the penalty area.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

His shot was cleared but Gerrard got to centre from the right wing to Sami Hyypia, who bagged towards goal leading to Dida's fumble.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Milan almost improved their lead in the 13th minute when Crespo's head ball was cleaned up from the goal-line.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

A few minutes later, Liverpool made a substitution when Harry Kewell sustained a groin injury; he was replaced by Vladimír Šmicer.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

A short time later, Kaká fed a through pass to Andri Shevchenko, who fired the ball past Liverpool goalkeeper Jerzy Dudek, but the goal was ruled offside and it was disallowed.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Shevchenko got another goal post a few minutes later; after avoiding an offside position, Shevchenko shot but Dudek rebuffed it when Shevchenko came under pressure from Liverpool defenders.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Luis García got two goalposts after Shevchenko's shot; the first shot from the side of the penalty area went over the top bar and after Baroš sent him through, his second shot went past goal.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Immediately after this, Crespo got through but the situation was flagged as offside.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Almost immediately after this, Liverpool called for a penalty kick when Alessandro Nesta was alleged to have played the ball with his hand but it was not given.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Milan went on the counter-attack and scored; Kaká carried the ball into the Liverpool field half and fed Shevchenko, who gave the pass that led to the goal to Crespo at the back post; 2—0.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

A few minutes later, Crespo strengthened Milan's lead by lifting the ball over Dudek to score from Kaká's pass, making the situation 3—0.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Second Half Early in the second half, Liverpool made an exchange in which Dietmar Hamann replaced Steve Finnan.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

It then played with three defenders and five midfielders, trying to reduce Milan's lead.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Liverpool had their best opportunity early on when Xabi Alonso sent the ball from 32 metres just past Milan's right post.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Two minutes later, Dudek countered a strong free-kick fired by Andri Shevchenko from outside the penalty area.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Minutes later Liverpool captain Steven Gerrard scored a header goal from John Arne Riise's cross.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

A short time later, Liverpool scored again; Vladimír Šmicer beat Milan goalkeeper Dida with a long-range shot, bringing Liverpool to the end of the goal.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Three minutes later Liverpool were awarded a penalty kick when Gennaro Gattuso broke Steven Gerrard.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Xabi Alonso's penalty kick was rebuffed, but he scored after his shot ricocheted.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Both Milan and Liverpool had chances to go into the lead later on, but Clarence Seedorf and Riise failed to score.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

In extra time Liverpool started the first half of extra-time.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Pirlo had a spot at the start but his shot went over goal.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Tomasson had a spot at the end of the first half of extra-time but failed to hit the ball.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Vladimir Šmicer required treatment after contracting a cramp towards the end of the first half, leaving more of Liverpool's players exhausted.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Liverpool had more places in the first half after scoring two corner kicks but failed to score.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Moments later Milan made their final exchange, swapping Gennaro Gattuso for Rui Costa.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

The best spot of the second half came at the end of it when Shevchenko shot towards goal.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Dudek countered, but the shot ricocheted back to Shevchenko, who fired again from about five and a half metres, which Dudek countered by pushing the ball across goal.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Liverpool had one last chance at the end of extra time, but John Arne Riise's free-kick was blocked, after which the referee blew into extra time, which meant that the championship would be decided by a penalty shoot-out.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Penalty shootout Both Liverpool and Milan had won their previous European Cups after a penalty shootout, and this was the second time in three years that the final was settled in this way.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Milan started the penalty shootout but Serginho fired across goal after Jerzy Dudek tried to distract him in a manner that mimicked Bruce Grobbelaar's “spaghetti feet” in the penalty shootout of the 1984 European Cup final.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Dietmar Hamann fired Liverpool's first ranker and despite a broken toe, scored taking Liverpool to a 1—0 lead.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Milan's next shooter was Andrea Pirlo, whose shot was repelled by Dudek after surging to his right side.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Cissé scored from his rank-and-file, putting Liverpool into a 2—0 lead.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Tomasson scored from Milan's next comma, narrowing Liverpool's lead to 2—1.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Riise was next in the innings from Liverpool, but his shot was deflected by Dida.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Kaká scored from the next rankman to level the contest at 2—2.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Vladimír Šmicer set about taking Liverpool's next penalty kick and scored a goal.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Shevchenko, who had shot the match-winning penalty kick in the 2003 grand final, had to score a goal or Liverpool would win the title.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

He fired his ranker into the middle of the goal.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Dudek lunged to his right but fended off the shot with his left hand.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

That's how Liverpool won the penalty shootout reading 3—2.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Details of GK1 DiDarb2 Cafucb31 Jaap StamCb13 Alessandro NestalB3 Paolo Maldini (c) DM21 Andrea PirlorM8 Gennaro GattusOLM20 Clarence SeedorFam22 Kakácf7 Andri Shevchenkocf11 Hernán CrespoExchange Men:GK46 Christian AbbiatidF4 Kakha KaladzedF5 Alessandro CostaCurtamf10 Rui COSTAMF24 Vikash DasHoroMF27 SerginHofW15 Jon Dahl TomassonManager: Carlo Ancelotti Dida Maldini Nesta Stam Cafu Pirlo Kaká Gattuso Seedorf Crespo Shevchenko Baroš Kewell Gerrard Alonso Luis García Riise Traoré Hyypia Carragher Finnan Dudek GK1 Jerzy DudeKrb3 Steve FinnanCB23 Jamie CarragherCb4 Sami HyypiÄLB21 Djimi Traorédm14 Xabi AlonSorm10 Luis GarcíacM8 Steven Gerrard (c) LM6 John Arne Riisess7 Harry KewellCF5 Milan BarošShifmen:GK20 Scott CarsonDs7 Harry KewellCF5 Milan BarošShifmen:GK20 Scott CarsondM3 F17 JoseMMF16 Dietmar HamannMF18 Antonio NúñezMF25 Igor BišćanFW9 Djibril Cisséfw11 Vladimír ŠmicerManager: Rafael Benítez Best player of the match: Steven Gerrard (Liverpool) Assistant referees: Clemente Plou (Spain) Oscar Samaniego (Spain) Fourth referee: Arturo Dauden Ibáñez (Spain) Rules Ninety minutes.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

30 minute extra time if necessary.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Penalty shootout if still in the event of a tie.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Seven switchmen.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

No more than three exchanges.


Question: Who won UCL in 2005?

2005 Champions League Final

Sources Category:Football league season 2004—2005/05 Category:Champions League finals


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Matti Uolevi Kassila (12 January 1924, Keuruu — 13 December 2018, Vantaa) [1] was a Finnish film director and screenwriter as well as writer.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

[2] He was among the most prominent Finnish filmmakers of the 1950s and 1960s.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Kassila's most famous work is probably a series of films called Komisario Palmu.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Other illustrious controls include Radio Does Breach, Blue Week, August, Scarlet Dove and The Loveliness and Misery of Human Life.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Biography Youth and early stages of career Matti Kassila was born in Keuruu in Haapamäki, a major railway locality of his time, as the son of train driver Väinö Kassila and Anna Kassila.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

The Second World War interrupted his schooling at Haapamäki Coed School: Kassila first served as a volunteer in anti-aircraft duties and then was assigned to rookie training, but due to heart problems caused by the diphtheria epidemic, he was discharged from front service.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

For the remainder of the Continuation War, Kassila worked at the Panzer Corps Central Repair Shop in Varkaus.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

He matriculated during the war in 1942.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Kassila had already starred in Varkaus's Workers' Theatre during the war, and in 1944 she got an acting trainee position at the Helsinki People's Theatre.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

1946 he moved to the film company Suomi-Film, where he worked as organizer and filming secretary for director Valentin Vaala, among others.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

1948 director Edvin Laine arranged for the Finnish Filmiteollisuus, the largest company in the field of Kassila.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

While at SF, he first worked as an attendant in the short film department before moving on the following year to Edvin Laine as assistant director.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

In the 1950s Kassila took over as an independent director after being Edvin Laine's assistant director in the film Aaltoska orkaniseera (1949).


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

In his memoirs, he recounts that T. J. Roach, the head of SF, invited him to his room and said, “You guys have shown me that you know how to make a film.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

From this you will now get your own film, take it or leave it”.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Roach gave him a finished script, a pre-selected cast and plenty of months of film time.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

The result was the comedy Host plays the hanur (1949), Kassila's first feature-length film.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Like SF, Kassila worked quickly, at the annual rate of two films.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Movie subjects and often scripts came ready from producer Särkää.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Kassila's breakthrough film was the lighthearted crime comedy Radio Makes a Burglary (1951) which he scripted himself together with Aarne Tarkas.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

The film, which starred Hannes Häyrinen, received excellent reviews and a good audience success, although it was overshadowed in the Rovaniemi market by the film “Rillumarei”, which was completed at the box office in the same year.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

The film brought Jussi statues to both director Kassila and lead star Häyrinen.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Inspired by the success, Kassila, Tarkas and cinematographer Osmo Harkimo started their own film company Junior-Film and made a sequel to the film Radio comes mad (1952), which was also well received.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Kassila was also a screenwriter in Tarkas's first-born directorial Night is Long (1952).


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

However, Junior-Film's success proved weak and Kassila returned again that year back to SF.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

After radio films, Kassila directed six films for SF in three years, with a spectrum ranging from drama to comedy.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

He received Best Director Juss for two consecutive years: 1954 for the drama Blue Week and 1955 for the comedy Father Old and New.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

1955 Kassila received a two-year mortgage as director of the Pori Theatre, and from 1957 to 1958 he was director of the Helsinki People's Theatre.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

He continued directing films alongside his theatre work, but moved on to Fennada-Film.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Kassila's Fennada films include two notable novel adaptations: F.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

E. Sillanpää August (1956), which brought him his fourth steering jussi, and Ilmari Kiannon's Red Line (1959).


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

August is set in one day, the last day of the channel keeper Viktor Sundvall.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

The central themes are alcoholism, self-betrayal, life left unalive.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Toivo Mäkelä played the best role of his life as a channel keeper.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

The Red Line is a film about Finland's first parliamentary elections in spring 1907, in which the brilliant Holger Salin and Liisa Nevalainen played the lead roles.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

After four Fennada films, Kassila and Osmo Harkimo tried their wings again as independent filmmakers and founded the production company Kassila & Harkimo Co.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

However, the film The Glass Heart (1959) remained as the company's sole production.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

It was an absurd comedy about a glass artist who received a burnout.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Career culmination: Inspector Palmut 1960—1962, after the financial stomach bill of Lassydämi, Kassila had to turn to SF and Toivo Särkä again.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Särkkä suggested to Kassila to film Mika Waltari's detective novel Inspector Palmu's mistake.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

However, Kassila initially rebuffed the whole idea.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

The book is a traditional puzzle puzzle puzzle, in which the murderer is hidden until the final pages, and whose plot transport is based on long dialogues, and was deemed “unfilmatic” by Kassila.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Eventually, however, he agreed, and while making the screenplay, gradually became enamored with the novel's colourful person characters and dramatic scenes.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

The finished film was a combination of comedy and drama, and the picture narrative also did not overlook elements of a horror film.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Kassila convinced Särä to agree to film the film in the 1930s epoch and hire the best actors available.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Inspector Palmu's Mistake (1960) was a success with both critics and the public, and quickly received a sequel.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

However, it was not produced by SF but by its rival Fennada-Filmi, whose director Mauno Mäkelä had managed to grab the rights to Waltari's second Palmu novel Who Murdered Mrs Skrof?.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

On the big screen, the story was named Gas, Inspector Palm!


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

It was a success like its predecessor and brought Kassila and Kaarlo Nuorvala the best screenplay Jussi.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Since there was a desire to continue the film series, but there were only two novels, Mauno Mäkelä asked Mika Waltar to write the script for the third Palmu film.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Waltari became enthusiastic about the subject, and three weeks later he had an entire novel ready instead of a script.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

The stars tell, Inspector Palmu (1962) appeared both as a book and a film at the same time.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Together, Kassila and Mika Waltari were planning a fourth Palpu film.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

The working title was Rest Already in Peace, Inspector Palmu, and in it Palmu was to be taken to the world of the theatre to investigate a murder on the stage of the Old Student House.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

In early 1963, however, an actors' strike began, lasting two and a half years and scuppering plans for the Palm series to continue.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Kassila still returned in the late 1960s to film the fourth Palmu, but it had nothing to do with the “Rest in Peace” script, and Mika Waltari was no longer involved.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

In between the Palmu films, the Scarlet Pigeon (1961) was completed from Kassila.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

The film was based on a dream Kassila had while dozing off in the middle of contemplating a new movie idea.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

After waking up, he wrote a synopsis of a few pages and took the slates to be read to Toivo Särkänen, who agreed to make the film based on it.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Kassila initially tried to write the script himself, but as this did not succeed Juha Nevalainen came to the aid.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

The result was a rare Finnish film noir film with influences from the theme of Alfred Hitchcock's Blameless Man.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

A clearer prequel, however, was Fritz Lang's film Woman in the Window, whose plot the film partially resembled.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

After the palm trees: 1960s and 1970s 1960s alko was a time of transformation in Finnish cinema.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

The advent of television and the actors' strike that began in 1963, stretched for two and a half years, imploded the old studio system.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

The largest studio Suomen Filmiteollisuus Oy went bankrupt in 1965 and others also had to drastically reduce their production.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

In place stepped in a new wave of independent young filmmakers.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Of the old authors, only Kassila and Edvin Laine were able to pursue filmmaking, and they are no longer on the same scale as before.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Kassila survived the lean years of the film industry by launching to Fennada-Film as a producer as well as making programmes for television.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

He worked as production manager and co-screenwriter for Mikko Niskanen's film Sissit (1963) and Edvin Laine's film Here under the Pohjanstar (1968).


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Both films were produced by Fennada Film.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

On the television side, Kassila worked for both Yleisradio and Advertisement Television, and among other things dramatized and directed Mika Waltari's miniature novel Parisian tie (1965) for the television theatre, starring Keijo Komppa.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Kassila also made several documentary series.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

In the late 1970s, Kassila worked in educational and administrative positions in the film industry.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

He held an artist professorship 1975—1980 and was Head of Production at the Finnish Film Foundation 1977—1979.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

After the worst trough of the 1960s passed, Kassila returned to directing feature-length films.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

He did both drama and comedy and rewarmed old subjects, but failed to reach anywhere near his old audience and review successes again.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

The first feature-length film after Palms, Äl' over head perhanaa (1968), was a parody of filmmaking and at the same time a satirical 50th anniversary film of independent Finland, which, however, remained loss-making at the box office hatches.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

It was followed by the fourth and final Inspector Palmu film about Vodka, Inspector Palmu (1969).


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Mika Waltari no longer participated in the making of the film, only giving permission for the use of Palmu's character.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

In the film, a retired Palmu is hired to investigate the murder of a journalist for Yleisradio, satirising both Finland-Soviet relations and James Bond style agent adventures.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Kassila later admitted that bringing Palmu to YYA-Finland was a mistake, and that the film should have gone unmade.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

In the early 1970s, Kassila directed both ambitious drama and honest bush farce.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Headquarters (1970) was a film adaptation of Ilmari Turja's follow-up war play, and at the same time the first and so far the only one starring Marshal Mannerheim.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

I Want to Love, Peter (1972) was, for its part, an erotic drama based on the stir novel by Aila Meriluoto.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

In Adam's costume... and a bit of Eevan (1972) was a re-heating of an old subject.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

The Agapetus novel in question had already been filmed three times before, twice in Finland (1931 and 1940) and once in Germany (1959).


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

The comedy tells the story of two men who, due to funny coincidences, lose their clothes and get naked back to people.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Events Kassila placed filmmaking in the present.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Heating up the new topic was Kassila's next film.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

In addition to Esa Pakarinen's Pekka Puupää character, this is the second famous character Severi Suhonen, whom he had played in several tours and in two films in the Rovaniemi market (1951) and Mulli model (1961).


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

The liberated sexuality of the turn of the decade was also evident in the film.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

It had a lot of (female) nudity and the Suhos character was made into a “bangman” too.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

This may have been too much for the admirers of Esa Pakarinen and Pekka Puupää, as the film was not a huge audience success.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Esa Pakarinen also played the lead role in the character Severi Suhone in addition to previous ones in the (1954) film Hei Rillumarei directed by Armand Lohikoske.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

In the late 1970s, Arto Paasilinna wrote a film script for Kassila.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Kassila liked the idea, and he thought the early part of the script was good, but deteriorated towards the end.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Thus Kassila edited the script together with Lauri Jauhiainen and Olli Soinio.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

The result was Natalia (1979) produced by Matti Ollila and Kari Pöyry/Cine-Art Ltd.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

In the comedy, a Russian cow named Natalia gets lost in Finland and the film follows the amusing and romantic coincidences that follow when Natalia's cow is returned back to the Soviet Union.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

The film is a parody of the future friendship, cooperation and assistance between Finland and the Soviet Union in the style: “Everything that comes from beyond the eastern border must be taken right back there!”.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

The 1980s films Kassila's 80's went with film adaptations.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Niskavuori (1984) was a combination of two plays by Hella Wuolijoki, Niskavuori's women and Niskavuori's bread.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

The women of Niskavuori had been recorded earlier in 1938 and 1958, both times with Valentin Vaala as director.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Farewell to the President (1987) was based on Pentti Kirstilä's dekar.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

In it, Hannu Lauri played a madman planning the assassination of the president (Tarmo Manni).


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

The president's name isn't mentioned, but he reminds me of Kekko.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

The Loveliness and Misery of Human Life (1988) was Kassila's second Sillanpää filmatisation produced by Matti Ollila and Päivi Hartzell/Neofilmi Oy.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Similar to August, there is also the wonderfulness and misery of human life a novel from Sillanpää's later production period.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

The film is set on one day in late summer 1939, Finland's last peace summer before World War II.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Writer Hongisto (Lasse Pöysti) unexpectedly leaves his home, runs away with nothing to say to anyone, and goes to meet his old youth sweetheart (Liisa-Maija Laaksonen).


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

The film received four Jussi statues in Finland and won the award for Best Nordic Film in Rouen, France.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

1990s and final stages of career After the wonderfulness and misery of human life, Kassila prepared in the early 1990s e.g.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

musical about the Bride of Jäkäri, Sam Sihvo's song play of the same name.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Based on the finished script and production plans, advance studies of the film were conducted e.g.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

In Liepaja, Latvia, where the ice keepers in the 1910s had received training and where Sam Sihvo's original story was mainly set.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

However, it turned out that Finland did not have the financial resources to produce such a large project.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

So Kassila began writing a film adaptation that takes place in a small location where a film crew is making a film.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

In a story set in the world of filmmaking that Kassila knew best, all the main characters betray each other in order to get “something more.”


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

The production company Wonderfilm read a detective script and it was considered that it could make a good movie.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

The result was Kassila's last-ditch film “Everything in the Game” (1994), which culminated in a frenzied and fierce end.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

In the 1990s Kassila still made television shows F.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

E. Sillanpää and all the films he directs.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Post-Career Life President of the Republic Tarja Halonen awarded Kassila the title of Professor in May 2011.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

For his last five years Kassila lived in a Vantaa service house.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

For the last time he appeared in public on 29 November 2018, when he attended the premiere of the play Gaa, Komisario Palmu, at Helsinki City Theatre.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

The audience honored the director's presence after the performance by applauding his standing.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

[3] Kassila died in Nutärinte's service house in Vantaa in December 2018.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

[4] Private life Kassila married actor Aino Mantsas in 1948, four children were born from the union.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Among Kassila's children, Taavi Kassila has also excelled as a film director and writer.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

After Aino Mantsas died, Matti Kassila married filming secretary Christina Laurent and one son was born from this marriage.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

[5] Kassila stopped drinking alcohol in 1970, before which, in his own words, he suffered from alcohol addiction.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

[6] In 1963, Kassila was in the process of settling his sentence for drunk driving in a work transfer at the Helsinki Airport construction site simultaneously with singer Olavi Virta, who was convicted of drunk driving.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

[5] Long Films Literary Works Matti Kassila also worked as a writer and co-authored the twelve-volume Finnish National Filmography book series.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

The War of Two Women: The Spying Story of the Century (co-written with Pekka Lounela).


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

WSOY, 1987.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Black and white.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Otava, 1995.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Father, son and Kekkonen: A novel.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

WSOY, 2000.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kassila, Matti| title = Screenplay and direction: Matti Kassila| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2004| version = Human voice 37| id = ISBN 951-0-28691-5}} When the priest died in laughter: Erotic stories.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Like, 2007.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

On the trail of great film directors.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Artwork, 2012.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Awards and recognitions 1951 Jussi Award for directing the film Radio makes a burglary 1951 Jussi Award for the screenplay of the film Radio Makes a Breach (together with Aarne Tarkas) 1954 Jussi Award for directing the film Blue Week 1955 Jussi Award for the film Father Old and New for directing 1957 Jussi Award for directing the film August 1959 Jussi Award for the screenplay of the film Red Line 1962 Jussi Award for film Gas, Inspector Palmu!


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

for the screenplay (together with Kaarlo Nuorvala 1985 Vantaa Cultural Prize [7] 1989 Audience Award for the film The Loveliness and Misery of Human Life at the Rouen Nordic Film Festival 1989 Grand Prize for the film The Loveliness and Misery of Human Life at the Rouen Nordic Film Festival 1995 Pro Finlandia Medal 2008 State Prize of Motion Picture Arts 2011 Jussi Award Concrete Jussi for Life's Work 2011 Title of Professor Nominations 1957 Golden Palm nomination for film August at the Cannes Film Festival 1961 Silver Bear nomination for the film Scarlet Pigeon Berlin Film Festival Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Koukkunen, Kalevi — Laine Kimmo — Seitajärvi, Juha (ed.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

) | title = Movies tell, Matti Kassila| location = Helsinki| publisher = Society of Finnish Literature| year = 2013| version=Kava publication series| isbn = 978-952-222-436-1}} On the topic elsewhere Yle Livinen archive.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Yle Living Archives.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Yle Living Archives.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Yle Areena/News.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Jussi Karjalainen, Apu, 30.12.2018.


Question: Where was Matti Kassila born?

Matti Kassila

Category:Finnish recipients of the title of professor Category:Finnish film directors Category:Finnish film screenwriters Category:Pro Finlandia awardees Category:Vantaa Cultural Prize Category:Jussi Prize Laureates Category:People born in 1924 Category:Persons who died in 2018 Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

The American Civil War was fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865 between the Union, the Northern States and the Confederacy, or the Confederate States.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

[1] The events leading up to the war, there had been intense conflict between the northern and southern states of the United States since independence.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

One of the most notable was the issue of slavery, which was an economically significant part of agricultural production based on major plantations in the Southern Powers.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

For the writers of the Constitution, the slavery issue was one of the biggest sticking points, requiring many compromises before the Constitution was good enough for all states.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

Shortly after independence, the majority of the northern powers freed the slaves.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

In the agricultural-dominated Southern states, slavery's central part of their economy caused them to staunchly resist attempts to extend the prohibition of slavery to the South as well.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

[2] In addition to the slavery issue, the northern and southern states also separated e.g.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

disagreements on the economic system, foreign trade and the status of the states, but it was not impossible to find them by negotiating compromise solutions.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

Instead, it was the issue of slavery, and particularly the question of the incorporation of the new states into the Union as the so-called slave states allowing slavery, or the so-called free states that forbade it, played a crucial part in the controversy leading up to the Civil War.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

[2] In fact, the Confederate States calculated that their population growth lagged behind the Northern Powers all the time and therefore felt that their position was becoming steadily more crowded.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

From the outset, the Northern Powers were more populous and, for this reason, a House of Representatives elected by population had been set to balance the Senate, into which all the states received two senators without regard to the population.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

This made it particularly important for the South to maintain the balance of free and slave states among the new states to be admitted to the federation.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

[2] As the United States expanded from the east coast to the west, and new states joined the Union, Congress reached a series of compromises that both parties were able to settle for.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

The first major treaty in 1820 was given the name Missouri Compromise.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

In it, 36°30' north latitude was agreed to be the boundary between the new slave states and free states, except in the new state of Missouri, which would become a slave state.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

[3] The reconciliation became short-lived, however, as the underlying fundamental contradiction remained simmering and with each new statewide candidate the issue was raised, despite seeming reconciliation.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

In 1850, Congress finally resolved several open points of contention in one go by enacting five different laws, known as the Compromise of 1850.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

In this context, California was accepted as a free state into the Union even though parts of it were from south of the 36° parallel.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

Utah and New Mexico gained the right to join the Union as slave states, even though significant portions of them existed north of the same latitude.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

As part of the compromise, Texas relinquished its territorial claim to New Mexico, receiving relief on its substantial national debt in return.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

The concession was significant because in the past Texas had threatened to defend even with arms its right to New Mexico.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

[4] After a compromise in the South, a strong Democrat party briefly got to dominate American politics practically alone after the Whig Party broke down precisely due to internal conflicts over the issue of slavery.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

Partly on the ruins of the Whig Party, the 1854 Republican Party was founded, for which an open anti-slavery party program came.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

A major ricochet to the creation of the new party was the Kansas-Nebraska Act, enacted that year under the leadership of Democrats, which effectively repealed the Missouri Compromise.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

Namely, the law allowed the inhabitants of both regions to decide for themselves to allow slavery in the territory of their teritoriums, even though they were located north of 36° latitude.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

[3] Unlike earlier clearly anti-slavery parties, Republicans quickly gained support and emerged as a serious contender to the Democrats.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

By 1858, the Republicans were the largest party in virtually all the Northern Powers.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

The 1860 presidential election was formed as a significant watershed.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

[5] The Republican Party nominated Abraham Lincoln, known as an opponent of slavery, as its presidential candidate, who had risen to nationwide fame during his senatorial campaign through his debates with his pro-slavery countercandidate, Democrat Stephen Douglas.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

Although Lincoln stressed in his campaign that he did not support, and did not intend to prohibit slavery in the United States if elected president, he nevertheless supported limiting slavery to existing slave states.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

The new states, Lincoln proposed, should be annexed to the Union as free states.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

[5] There was a sharp scepticism about Lincoln in the South States.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

Even if his promise to preserve slavery in the South had been accepted, which was doubted, was seen as his intention to prevent further slave states being annexed to the Union as a serious threat to slavery in the long run.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

Before long, it would know the Free States an overwhelming majority not only in the House of Representatives but also in the Senate.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

[2] When the knowledge of Lincoln's election came in, it did not take long for the Confederate States to begin planning for secession from the federation.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

South Carolina had time to secede as early as 1860.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

For South Carolina, the issue was the most burning, as slaves accounted for the highest federal percentage of its population [6].


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

In its proclamation of the reasons for secession, the South Carolina government announced, referring to Lincoln, “He shall be given to lead our common rule, because he has declared that 'the government shall not endure permanently half slavery, half liberation, 'and the peace of mind of the public will come lean on the belief that slavery is on the road to its eventual disappearance.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

[...] When the guarantees provided by the Constitution are lost, equal rights for the states are also lost.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

Slave-holding states can no longer exercise self-government or defend themselves, and the federal government becomes their enemy.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

“[7] Before Lincoln could even take office in March 1861, six more states, all slave states, had been able to join the insurrection initiated by South Carolina.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

[8] Beginning of War The war originated when eleven southern states declared independence.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

These states had nine million residents, four million of whom were slaves.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

They had a million men in arms.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

Thirty-three states with 22 million inhabitants remained in the northern states, of which there were few slaves, although it was legal to keep slaves e.g.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

northern states of Delaware, Maryland and Missouri.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

They, on the other hand, had 2.2 million men in arms.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

The Confederate States was led by Jefferson Davis.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

Declared Independents: South Carolina, December 20, 1860 Mississippi, January 9, 1861 Florida, January 10, 1861 Alabama, January 11, 1861 Georgia, January 19, 1861 Louisiana, January 26, 1861 Texas, February 1, 1861 Virginia, April 17, 1861 Arkansas, May 6, 1861, North Carolina, May 20, 1861 Tennessee, June 8, 1861, West Virginia did not want to join the Confederacy, so it seceded from Virginia and joined the Northern States as a new state on December 31, 1862.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

The Confederacy was initially formed by seven states of the Deep South: South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana and, at the very last minute, joined Texas, who declared the new confederation established on February 4, 1861 and elected Jefferson Davis as their president.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

A month later, Abraham Lincoln, a well-known opponent of slavery, entered it the previous autumn.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

At first, a long war was lived in which there were no battles.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

The federal government in Washington declared that it considered illegal the Confederate States of America project, but refrained from taking measures.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

The Southern Powers confiscated federal property left in their territory, except for two important exceptions: Army forts Fort Pickens on the Florida coasts and Fort Sumter on the South Carolina coasts.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

Lincoln did not want to fall into the part of the aggressor, he actually declared in his inaugural address that he would not attack the South, but would fight back if the Confederate States of America attacked first.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

Lincoln had reason to fear that the faltering frontier states would take to the side of the South if the North was seen as the aggressor.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

Even the usual supplements of muona and weapons to fortifications might be seen as a provocation.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

As things became tense, the encircled soldiers needed provisions.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

Lincoln decided to send “provisions only” to Fort Sumter and informed the Governor of South Carolina that no weapons would be laid ashore except in case of resistance.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

The Confederacy faced such an embarrassing choice: either had to fire the first shots, or show the world that talk of sovereignty was all talk.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

[2] On April 12, the transport arrived and South Carolina forces attacked Fort Sumter, which surrendered the next day.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

Lincoln saw this as a declaration of war and called on all states still belonging to the United States to send troops in support of recapturing federal military bases in Confederate territory.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

In protest to this, four more northern states separated from the federation: Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Tennessee, and they joined the Confederacy.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

Richmond, the capital of heavily populated Virginia, became the capital of the entire new confederation.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

Only the slave states closest to free states Kentucky, Missouri, Delaware and Maryland remained part of the northern states.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

In addition, on 20 June 1863, West Virginia, separated from Virginia, where slavery was still permitted, joined the Union.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

The course of the war The war started slowly.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

Neither party had an army, no mobilization machinery, and no military budget.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

It took the northern states two years to organise the war alone.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

The northern states had clear material superiority and male superiority, with 2000,000 troops fighting in their forces, compared with 500,000 troops in the Confederate forces.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

In addition, the Northern States had their own navy, the likes of which the Confederate States did not have except for few ships such as the armoured ship CSS Virginia, or Merrimac [9].


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

The Northern States also had stronger financial resources, but the Confederate States had better generals when most of the qualified officers joined the Confederate side.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

The Northern States also had more advanced weapons since the first lever-lock rifles were developed in the Northern States just before the war, although due to their rarity and low range, rifled muskets continued to remain the primary infantry weapons.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

Later during the war, one of the first machine fire guns, namely the Gatling, was also developed.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

It was in the interest of the Northern Powers to expect it to mobilise its larger forces for business.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

Lincoln was accused of slowing down and being passive.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

When the North made some attacks too early, they ended in defeat, which subsequently had the potential to make the war leadership unnecessarily cautious.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

[2] It was also to the advantage of the Confederate States that they were in the process of asserting their declared independence, with the defender generally having a tactical advantage on his side.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

Nevertheless, a rapid attack would have been to the advantage of the Southern States at their best position and the political unity brought by initial enthusiasm [2].


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

General Robert E. Lee of the South made three significant tactical offensives in Virginia (so called. the Antietam, Gettysburg, and Shenandoah war expeditions) and General Bragg in Tennessee, but they ended in losses.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

Thereafter, the South was content to be predominantly on the defensive, leading inexorably to defeat against a superior enemy.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

The main battles took place in Confederate Territory, mostly in or near the state of Virginia.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

Neighboring Virginia, the capital of the northern states Washington, D.C.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

was constantly under the threat of invasion by the Confederate States.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

The second front was on the Mississippi River.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

Other operational fronts included Tennessee/Georgia and Arkansas (so-called. Trans-Mississippi Zone).


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

Among the most notable battles were: First Battle of Bull Run, July 21, 1861 Battle of Shiloh 6—7.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

April (1862) “Seven Days Battles”, June 25 - July 1, 1862 Second Battle of Bull Run, August 29, 1862 Battle of Antietam, September 17, 1862 Battle of Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862 Battle of Chancellorsville May 2-4, 1863 Battle of Gettysburg battle, July 1-3, 1863 Battle of Chickamauga September 19-20, 1863 Battle of Chattanooga November 23-25, 1863 Siege of Vicksburg May 18 - July 4, 1863 Battles of the “Overland” warfare May 5 - June 15, 1864 Siege of Petersburg, nine month siege on June 15, 1864—2.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

April 1865 The most famous of these battles is the Battle of Gettysburg, considered the turning point of the war.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

In the early metres of the war, the forces commanded by General Lee did well and advanced towards the north.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

After the battles of Antietam and Gettysburg, Union war luck reversed, and the direction of the advance changed.


Question: Who led the Confederacy in the American Civil War?

American Civil War

Eventually, Lee announced the surrender of his troops at Appomattox on April 9, 1865.