Question: How is aboriginal people defined?

Indigenous

Indigenous people are a (minority) nationality that is the indigenous population of a region.


Question: How is aboriginal people defined?

Indigenous

[1] Indigenous people make up about 6% of the world's population, with over 100 million indigenous people in India alone.


Question: How is aboriginal people defined?

Indigenous

[2] Indigenous people are defined, for example, in ILO Convention No 169 of the International Labour Organisation.


Question: How is aboriginal people defined?

Indigenous

According to it, these peoples are characterized by being descended from a population that at the time of the conquest or colonization of the country or the formation of the modern nation-state lived in the country.


Question: How is aboriginal people defined?

Indigenous

Second, indigenous peoples have lived largely independent of the state that dominates the region, maintaining their linguistic, cultural and communal characteristics, at least partially distinct from the surrounding mainstream culture.


Question: How is aboriginal people defined?

Indigenous

However, such definitions are interpretive.


Question: How is aboriginal people defined?

Indigenous

The Sami have been granted indigenous status in Norway, Sweden, Finland and Russia.


Question: How is aboriginal people defined?

Indigenous

Of these countries, only Norway has ratified the ILO treaty.


Question: How is aboriginal people defined?

Indigenous

Archaeology professor Ari Siiriäinen considers the term “indigenous people” to be misleading.


Question: How is aboriginal people defined?

Indigenous

“The term encompasses the idea that a nation could own the land they inhabit because they are the first inhabitants of the area”, although often they have merely supplanted some even earlier people.


Question: How is aboriginal people defined?

Indigenous

Also, the word “people” is a controversial and arbitrary concept.


Question: How is aboriginal people defined?

Indigenous

[3] According to a report published by the United Nations, the life expectancy of indigenous peoples is shorter than the rest of the population.


Question: How is aboriginal people defined?

Indigenous

The causes include poverty, malnutrition and infectious diseases.


Question: How is aboriginal people defined?

Indigenous

[4] Indigenous peoples and nature 80 percent of Earth's biodiversity is in indigenous territory.


Question: How is aboriginal people defined?

Indigenous

Indigenous people's broader land rights curb climate change, according to the study, and are the most economical means of protecting forests and thus sequestering carbon dioxide.


Question: How is aboriginal people defined?

Indigenous

Indigenous peoples often practice traditional and sustainable lifestyles in their forests.


Question: How is aboriginal people defined?

Indigenous

[2] According to Professor Siiräinen, “indigenous peoples” consume nature like others, even uninhabitable.


Question: How is aboriginal people defined?

Indigenous

Although this consumption is sometimes reduced due to the underdeveloped technology of humans, it does not, in his view, mean that the indigenous people “understand nature” or “are at one with nature”.


Question: How is aboriginal people defined?

Indigenous

[3] Indigenous peoples Notable European indigenous peoples include Basques, Sami, Crimean Tatars, Nenets, Samoyeds, Komi, as well as Adygean peoples such as the Cherkeships.


Question: How is aboriginal people defined?

Indigenous

In Africa many peoples are considered indigenous, although they have particularly often displaced previous peoples, some relatively recently.


Question: How is aboriginal people defined?

Indigenous

In the Americas, all descended from the predecessors of 15th-century European conquistadors are considered indigenous (Indians, Eskimos).


Question: How is aboriginal people defined?

Indigenous

Indigenous peoples in Asia include Armenians, Assyrians of northern Iraq, the only ones of Hokkaido and countless others.


Question: How is aboriginal people defined?

Indigenous

Elsewhere, they include Australian Aborigines and Māori who arrived in New Zealand around 1280.


Question: How is aboriginal people defined?

Indigenous

See also International World Indigenous Day Indigenous rights Sources On the topic elsewhere, the Centre of Excellence for the Rights


Question: How is aboriginal people defined?

Indigenous

* Category:Ethnicities Category:Key articles of screening


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan or Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan was the name and system of government de facto of the Taliban-led Afghan state from 1996 to 2001.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

The regime was not internationally recognized by any international organization.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

At its largest, the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan controlled 90% of Afghanistan's land area.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

History After the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan in 1989, the country was left in charge of a government led by Mohammed Najibullah, which still enjoyed Soviet support.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

However, with the aid cut off in early 1992, the government soon began to disintegrate.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

In April 1992, the Mujahedins overthrew the Najibullah government and established the Islamic State of Afghanistan on 28 April 1992 with Burhanuddin Rabbani as its president.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

The rivalry between the various factions quickly led to a new civil war that claimed tens of thousands of casualties.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

As warlords fought for power, the country was hit by terror, crime and corruption by gunmen from various groups.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

In Pakistan, in the provinces in the anti-Afghanistan frontier region and Afghanistan's southern provinces of Helmand and Kandahar, a patan-leaning student movement formed by teachers and pupils of madrassa-Koranic schools emerged, whose ideas were based on a radical interpretation of Islam.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

Despite being Islamist, Rabbani's government was considerably more traditional than the Taliban movement, opposing all modernisation and Westernization.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

The Taliban movement's main promises were to stabilize the country and root out crime.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

The Taliban began its first proper military operation in October/November 1994.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

Spread from the Kandahar region, the Taliban soon held 12 southerners of Afghanistan's 34 provinces.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

On 27 September 1996, the victorious Taliban forces took over the capital Kabul, where they took the former President Najibullah, who was under house arrest, to the presidential palace and executed him.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

After his execution, Najibullah was hung on a lamppost.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

The old government, under Burhanuddin Rabbani, withdrew further north, where it continued its struggle against the Taliban.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

The new regime in Kabul was not generally recognized; the Islamic State in Afghanistan continued to remain an officially recognized regime, insofar as regime changes were generally recognized by any state.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

The Taliban regime used an entirely vitwhite flag as the emblem of its movement and the Afghanistan it controlled.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

The Taliban gained control of Mazar-i-Sharif, the main northern city in May 1997.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

On the same day, Pakistan considered the Taliban to be the true ruler of Afghanistan and recognized the Taliban government in the country.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

On 26 October 1997, Mullah Mohammed Omar announced the creation of the Taliban-led Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

The administration The Taliban movement initially, before the takeover of Kabul, did not talk about controlling Afghanistan, but of toppling the infidel government and replacing it with a regime of “good Muslims” that, after erection, the Taliban would have moved aside.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

Before the takeover of Kabul, the capital of Taliban-led Afghanistan was Kandahar.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

Defining the Taliban regime is difficult because it is not democratic, nor is it political, as is understood in the West.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

There were no elections at all in Afghanistan during the Taliban.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

In March 1996, Taliban Speaker Mullah Wakil put it this way: So the leader did not gain his position on the basis of elections, but through a bay'ah oath of allegiance adopted from the time of Muhammad and early Muslims.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

On 4 April 1996, Mullah Omar received the “cloak of the Prophet Muhammad”, which had been taken from the relic enclosure for the first time in 60 years.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

Wrapped in the relic, Omar appeared on the roof of a house downtown in Kandahar at the same time as hundreds of mullahs of spades chanted “Amir al-Mu'minin!”


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

(), which effectively meant recognizing Mullah Omar as the leader of the Taliban movement and Afghanistan.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

The administration of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan had two centers.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

The government that sat in Kabul, the Kabul Shuura led by Mohammad Rabbani was responsible for the actual administration and had ministers from various fields as members.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

The supreme decision-making power, however, lay with the Kandahar shaura led by Mullah Omar, who often overturned and amended decisions made in Kabul and issued its own edicts.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

The Taliban did not release bulletins, releases of political decision-making acts, nor regular press conferences.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

Moreover, neither the outside world nor ordinary Afghans knew much what these new Afghan leaders looked like because the Taliban had banned all images down to photographs.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

Ministers and councillors were mullahs with only madrassa education.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

Military commanders included, for example, the Minister of Health and the head of the State Bank, who left their posts immediately if they had to go to battle.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

When these military personnel remained on the side of the enemy or died, the situation of the country's administration was driven into even greater chaos.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

The Afghan army, or Taliban forces, consisted of a few well-organized units and a large number of inexperienced militia fighters, often temporarily recruited.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

Before Kabul, Taliban rule in Kandahar mostly resembled the jirga tribal council of the Patans, which the Taliban saw as a true authentic original Islamic model.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

Mullah Omar was practically an autocrat who neither had to ask the opinions of others nor follow them when making decisions.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

In the autumn of 1996, Mullah Wakil, the Taliban representative, expressed this way: During his time as leader, Mullah Omar visited the capital Kabul only twice.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

Foreign relations Afghanistan Islamic Emirate was not internationally recognized by the United Nations which considered the Islamic State of Afghanistan controlled by the Northern Alliance to be the official Afghan representative in the inter-nation community although the territory it controlled consisted of only 10 per cent of the total land area.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan was recognised only by Saudi Arabia, Pakistan and the United Arab Emirates [1].


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

The administration also maintained diplomatic relations with Iran and also Turkmenistan, which had formal meetings with representatives of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

Iran severed relations with the regime in 1998 after the Taliban had executed 11 Iranian diplomats at the Iranian consulate building in Mazar-i-Sharif.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

Economy The finance ministry of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan had no annual budget, and the finance minister had no economic training or other expertise at all.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

Funding the administration received for warfare through collections and they were put into the possession of mullah Omar without any accounting.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

In funding, the administration received at least $2 million from Saudi Arabia and even more from Pakistan as its main backer, but there is no actual record of those revenues either.


Question: How do you define an emirate?

Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan

Sources Category:History of Afghanistan Category:Former Unrecognized States Category:Theocracy


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

A mineral, or mineral, is a naturally solid form element or inorganic compound with a specific composition and usually a regular crystal structure.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

The structure of the mineral varies from pure elements to simple salts and very complex silicates.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

The Earth's crust and its rock species are composed mostly of minerals.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

Mineralogy is the science that studies minerals.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

Minerals arise in geological processes.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

These processes include magmatism, sedimentation, and metamorphosis.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

[1] Around 4000 different minerals are known today, of which only 20 to 30 form mainly all rock species.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

According to another estimate, there are only 3000-4000 minerals.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

[1] Most precious and jewellery stones are pure minerals.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

In one stone species, most often there are 3-5 minerals.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

[1] Minerals are essential minerals for the metabolism and well-being of organisms.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

Homogeneous amorphous masses such as volcanic glass are not classified as minerals, nor are synthetically made gemstones, although they mimic minerals on behalf of their composition.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

Records of the designation of new minerals are kept by the International Mineralogical Association IMA, or International Mineralogical Association Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

Minerals can be classified according to uses, physical, optical and crystal chemical properties, for example.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

Valuable minerals are divided into ore minerals and non-metallic extractives.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

Definition and Formation Minerals are chemical compounds composed of elements that normally occur in a crystalline state.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

Stone species, in turn, are formed from minerals.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

Normally, one rock species contains three to five different minerals: for example, granite contains quartz, feldspar and mica.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

[2] Minerals are formed in geological processes.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

In magmatism on the surface of the earth or within the crust of the earth, magma crystallizes.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

As magma cools first crystallise the minerals at the highest temperatures, then crystallize at the lowest temperatures, and finally those minerals with the lowest melting and crystallization temperatures.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

The minerals that crystallize first have a lot of room to crystallize into the crystal forms that are typical of them, but those that crystallize last don't have much space left, so they usually don't have crystal forms of their own.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

[2] Sedimentation refers to the eroding of rocks in rocks and the passage, sorting, layering and precipitation of plastered material.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

In sedimentation, minerals are formed from aqueous strips by precipitation.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

Minerals created in the sediment also act as iscox in the deposited soil, which holds it together.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

[2] In metamorphosis, minerals can recrystallize.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

The process was associated with intra-crustal motions and igneous eruptions.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

Recrystallization occurs as a result of an increase in pressure or temperature, as well as under the influence of tectonic exercises.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

In metamorphosis, minerals can turn into second minerals.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

[2] Properties General properties Common properties of minerals include density, luster, magnetism, and radioactivity.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

Ore minerals containing metals tend to be denser than those of common minerals.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

[3] The luster of a mineral refers to its way of reflecting light.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

Gloss is divided into metallic or non-metallic.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

Ore minerals are typically metal-shiny and most silicate minerals are nonmetallic.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

Gloss is defined by impressions familiar from everyday life, so non-metallic glosses are further divided into glass, diamond, silk, mother-of-pearl, wax and leather glosses.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

[4] Glass gloss, for example, shines like broken glass.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

[3] On the basis of magnetism, strongly magnetic magnetite and weakly magnetic magnetite can be detected in minerals.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

Radioactivity can identify minerals containing uranium, thorium or a few rare earth elements.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

[3] Optical properties The optical properties of minerals include colour, transparency, refractive index, twofold, and fluorine and phosphorus resurfacing.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

Color is only rarely able to identify a mineral, as the colour is often caused by chemical impurities or structural defects.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

Quartz, for example, can be almost anything from white to black in color; however, malachite and azurite can be identified by their color.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

[3] Instead of color, the color of the mineral wire is a good distinguishing feature.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

[3] The wire is achieved, for example, by scraping unglazed porcelain with a mineral, on the surface of which a so-called wire is created from the mineral powder.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

It is a much-used distinguishing feature of a mineral.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

The color of the wire may not correspond to that of the fractional surface of the ehye mineral: the streak of dark grey hematite is blood red and the grey lead shimmer is shiny black.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

[5] On the basis of transparency, minerals can be divided into transparent, translucent and non-transparent.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

In translucent minerals, the edges are audible when viewed against lighter light.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

[3] The refractive index indicates how much the light beam refracts as it continues its journey from the surface of the mineral to the rock.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

Minerals often have two refractive indices based on the direction of the light beam.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

The refractive index is particularly useful when identifying gemstones.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

[3] Some minerals appear a different color than normal when illuminated by ultraviolet light.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

Fluorescence is called the situation when the shine is seen when the mineral is illuminated by ultraviolet light and phosphorescence when the shine can be seen even after the uv lamp is turned off.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

Minerals identifiable by glitter include scheelite shimmering blue in uv light and calcite shimmering as reddish.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

[3] Other optical phenomena occur with certain minerals and often come to light on a newly sanded and polished surface.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

Due to its striking and unusualness, on their basis, the mineral is often easy to identify.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

Optical phenomena with minerals include cat-eye phenomenon, star phenomenon, adularization, aventurization, rainbow phenomenon, labradorization, opalization, silk phenomenon, and luminescence.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

[6] Mechanical Properties Brillability is a property of minerals that refers to how a mineral cleaves along surfaces.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

The lobe surface may be parallel to the crystal surface, but there may be one to three block directions depending on the structure.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

[3] Minerals that are easily cleaved into flat block surfaces are achievable in their fragility.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

[7] Other levels of fragility are good, clear, and ambiguous.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

[3] Not all minerals have a block orientation, in which case the puberty surface becomes domed and has no regular features.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

[7] Puberty surfaces can be divided into flat, uneven and clam-like.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

[3] An outfit refers to the interrelationships between different dimensions of the mineral's granules.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

The property depends on the crystal structure of the mineral.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

[3] For granular minerals, the dimensions are pretty much the same for all structural directions.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

If a mineral has almost no height but has length as well as width, it is said to be scaly.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

Long sticks are formed with pulverized minerals, and if there are really thin crystals in the mineral it is called fibrous.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

[8] If the grain size is so small that the granules cannot separate repeats, the mineral is called mass-like.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

[3] Hardness is one of the most important mineral identification methods.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

Hardness is found by comparing a mineral with some mineral or object known for its hardness.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

[3] The comparison can be made, for example, with steel spikes or by scraping glass with mineral.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

Minerals are divided according to the Mohs scale into ten categories, each with its own index mineral.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

[9] However, the Mohs scale can only state what mineral that is softer or harder than another mineral is.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

While the Mohs scale is readily applicable, it does not tell you the actual hardness of minerals relative to each other.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

There's a Rosiwal scale for that.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

[3] Other properties Based on elasticity, mica minerals such as muscovite and biotite can be identified.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

They are thin plates that can be bent into the shape of the letter u and then return back to their original shape.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

[3] Carbonate minerals are soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid, which can be detected from the bubble of the rock surface when a drop of acid has been instilled.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

Nickel-rich minerals can be identified by dimethylglyoxime.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

You can detect arsenic heat from an onion odor when you hit it with a hammer.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

Water-soluble minerals, such as rock salt, are recognized by taste.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

[3] Crystallic breakdown Minerals are divided according to Dana classification based on their crystal chemical properties into the following groups: I. Elemental group Elements are substances that cannot be chemically divided into simpler constituents.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

Around 20 different elements occur on Earth in pure form, but the quantities are most often very small.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

In addition to elements, the group includes alloys, i.e. alloys, as well as carbides, nitrides and phosphides.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

II.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

Sulfide group The minerals of the sulfide group, for example, consist of compounds of sulfur (sulfide) or arsenic (arsenide) and some metal.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

The minerals are quite heavy and many of them are important ore minerals.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

Based on external characteristics, from the group can be distinguished shimmers, shimmers and flickers.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

The group additionally includes selenids, tellurides, antimonides and bismutides.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

III.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

Oxide group Oxides consist of compounds of some metal and oxygen.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

The group also includes hydroxides with a hydroxyl group (OH−) in addition to the metal.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

The minerals in the group are often formed by oxidation from other minerals.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

Common oxides include hematite (iron oxide), magnetite (iron oxide), chromite (chromium oxide), spinel (magnesium alumina), and corundum.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

IV.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

Halide group Halides are compounds of halogen (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine or astatine) and some metal.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

The most common minerals in the group are natural salts such as halite, or rock salt, and fluorite.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

V. Carbonate group Carbonates are formed from metal and carbonate ion CO32−.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

Carbonates are found in abundance in sea-generated formations where calcareous shells of dead plankton have condensed to the ocean floor.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

The most common carbonates are calcite (calcium carbonate), aragonite (calcium carbonate), dolomite (magnesium or calcium carbonate), magnesite (magnesium carbonate), and siderite (iron carbonate).


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

The carbonate group also includes nitrates and borates.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

VI.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

The sulfate group in minerals of the sulfate group is the sulfate ion SO42−.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

They often arise in connection with the evaporation process of salty seawater.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

They are also found in hydrothermal veins and as a result of oxidation of sulfides.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

The most common sulfates are anhydrite (calcium sulfate), selesite (strontium sulfate), barite (barium sulfate), and gypsum (aqueous calcium sulfate).


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

The group additionally includes tungsten (salts of tungsten acid), tellurates, chromates and molybdates.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

VII.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

The phosphate group in minerals of the phosphate group is unit XO43−, where X can be phosphorus (singular phosphate), arsenic (arsenate), antimony (antimonate), or vanadium (vanadate).


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

Clearly the most common phosphate is apatite, which is also found in teeth and bones.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

VIII.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

Silicate group Silicates are the most significant mineral group in the earth's crust, as they account for more than 90% of crustal matter and one-third of all minerals.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

Silicates contain mostly silicon and oxygen, but they often contain other common tectonic elements, such as calcium, iron, and aluminium.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

The basic structural component of silicate is a strong-bonded tetrahedron formed by one silicon atom and four oxygen atoms, which is why silicates are often quite hard.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

The most common silicates include quartz, feldspar, olivine and garnet.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

Based on the structures formed by the tetrahedrons, the silicate group is further divided into noble, soro, ring, chain, mesh, and pumice silicates.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

[10] IX.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

Biogenic minerals Biominerals are minerals spawned by a living being.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

These include, for example, pearl aragonite, cochlear calcite and tooth enamel, which is 95% apatite.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

Fossils are organic remains from bygone times preserved precisely thanks to biominerals.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

Biominerals share the same known physical and chemical properties as minerals, but have not arisen in geological processes.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

All known biominerals, however, are also known from the lithosphere.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

[11] Uses rock minerals: rock minerals [1] Ore minerals: minerals from which it is profitable to start separating metals [1] Industrial minerals: already useful and recoverable minerals [1] precious stones Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Taipale, Kalle & Saarnisto, Matti| title = Volcanoes to Ice Ages| location = Porvoo, Helsinki, Juva| publisher = Werner Söderström Limited Liability Company| year = 1991| id = Isbn = 951-0-16048-2}} References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| | author = Schumann, Walter| title = Rocks and minerals in color images| location = Helsing| publisher = Otava| year = 2001| version = (Steine + Mineralien.)


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

Translated by Matti Vaasjoki| id = ISBN 951-1-10207-9}} On topic elsewhere (pdf) (pdf) (pdf) Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

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Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

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Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

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Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

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Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

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Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral


Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

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Question: What are the different properties of the mineral?

Mineral

(pdf) * Category:Key articles in screening


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Native Americans is a traditional denomination that unites the indigenous peoples of the Americas and the people descended from them.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

The Native American designation dates to Christopher Columbus, who upon arriving in the Caribbean islands believed he had come to India and began referring to natives as indios.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Among the indigenous peoples of the Americas, Aleuts, Yupiks, and Inuits have traditionally been excluded from the concept of Indians, but in recent years this practice has mostly been abandoned.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Ethnologically, there is no factor that unites all Native American populations: There were major differences in Native American native languages, cultures, social systems, livelihoods, and religions.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

The American continent, prior to the advent of Europeans, had both centrally governed empires and small communities of wandering hunter-gatherers.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Most Native American tribes, however, lived with the arrival of Europeans into the Stone Age.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[1] However, technological inventions such as iron and traction animals appeared throughout the Americas only with the advent of Europeans.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

The entry of Europeans into the American continent proved disastrous for the Indians.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Initially, relations based on commerce became hostile and Europeans militarily subjugated many Native American societies.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

The greatest disaster was caused by the epidemics of disease that came with the Europeans, against which the Indians had no resistance.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Many Native American peoples and tribes were completely lost, and throughout the Americas, the lives of several Native Americans were still marked by marginalization and poverty.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

History Origin of Native Americans The first group of Indians is believed to have passed through the Bering Strait, which lies between Siberia and Alaska, at least 14,000 years ago.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

According to the most commonly used theory, these people spread out from Alaska to other parts of the Americas along an “ice corridor” created after the Cordillieers and Laurentian glaciers ruptured loose from each other.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[2] A second wave of migration followed around the year 11500 BCE.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Some researchers believe the Indians came from Siberia along a land bridge and then paddled south along the ice-free coastline.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Coated with marine mammal skins, the wooden-hulled boats were quite seaworthy and could carry even a heavy cargo.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

These first human groups to arrive in North America are known by the common name of the Paleotians, and the Clovis culture based on arrowhead conformity took shape from their tracks.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[3] The third larger group of immigrants that arrived after the Paleoinians are classified as Na-Dene Indians.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

They were Athabascan-speaking peoples, which included the Apache and the Navajo.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

The last groups to cross the Bering Strait were ancestors of the Eskimos and Aleuts.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[4] According to DNA studies, about two-thirds of Native American lineages have come from East Asians.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

One-third have come from the ancient North Zeurasian population, which has since disappeared after interbreeding with other populations.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

This population also gave their genes to Europeans, with the result that a genetic link has been observed between Native Americans and Europeans.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[5] According to one older theory, some of the ancestors of the Native Americans who first arrived may have been the Solutreans who inhabited the southwestern coastal regions of Europe, who came to the Americas from France and Spain along the Atlantic route along the edge of the ice.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[6] Many disputed archaeological finds strongly suggest that humans may have inhabited the Americas as early as about 40000—20,000 years ago.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Some researchers have found connections of the earliest American populations with natives of Australia and Melanesia.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[7] The oldest skeleton finds are about 10000 years old.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[6] New DNA mapping is expected to refine human dispersal history on the American continent as well.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

However, some organisations representing indigenous peoples have expressed disbelief about these studies, for fear of jeopardizing peoples own origin reports.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[8] Native American population numbers prior to historical time Estimates of the number of Native Americans before Columbus differ much, and figures by early scholars are very summary.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

It was not until 1928 that the first accurate estimate was obtained.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

At the time, James Mooney, an ethnographer of the Smithsonian Institute, went through documents from the early colonies and came to the conclusion that there were about 1.15 million Native Americans living in North America in 1491.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[9] However, later scholars have estimated that approximately 25 million Indians lived exclusively in central Mexico and the Aztec Empire around the time of Columbus.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

According to this claim, Central Mexico was the most densely populated region in the world.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Around 5—12 million Indians are believed to have lived in the Brazilian region in the same era.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[10] Research results by anthropologist Henry F. Dobyns gave the American Indian population at the end of the 15th century at 90—110 million.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

A UN estimate from 1999 put the total world population at the beginning of the 16th century at 500 million people.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[11] By the middle of the 17th century, more than 80% of Native Americans are thought to have died from infectious diseases brought by Europeans.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

In the same era, epidemics are believed to have killed one in five people in the world, and according to one study result, this was “the highest death rate in human history.”


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[11] North America The culture and society of North American Indians varied considerably from region to region.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Many Native American peoples lived scattered and hunted, fished, as well as harvesting useful crops.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Some embraced farming and lived in large fortified villages.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Settlement was densest in areas where farming or fishing were the main means of livelihood.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Notable North American cultures that cultivated the land included the Pueblo-Indians culture of the southwestern United States, the Iroquois alliance of the eastern Great Lakes region, and even before the Europeans came, the lost tradition of mound builders of the Mississippi River Basin's eastern woodland.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Highly developed chief-led tribes also existed in the Northwest Territory as well as California.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

The culture of the Prairie Indians emerged in its final form only with the contribution of the horses that came with the Europeans.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

The great internationals migrations of the early 10th century led Native Americans to seek new habitation lands even in far-flung areas.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Some of the Great Basin Indians moved south and became asteeks.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Apache and Navajo migrated from Canada all the way to New Mexico. [12].


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Common to all Native American cultures in North America is the god concept of the “great spirit”, which, having created the world, no longer interferes with human fates.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

The sun, moon and stars were important deities.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Also, anything unusual like never-before-seen animals was believed to involve supernatural power.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Almost all Indians felt a spirit of patronage that was personal to some and common to some.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Contact with the world of spirits passed through the Sages.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

In large areas, Indians feared the lives of the deceased.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[13] The entry of Europeans into the Americas eradicated most of the Native American cultures.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

The Indians who lost their power in the wake of wars and disease were forced to emigrate from their original settlements from the eastern parts of the continent to the west by order of the United States government.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

In the 20th century, the number of Indians began to slowly grow and the culture to some extent revive.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[14] High Cultures of Central America in the area of present-day Ciudad de México developed around 1800—1200 before the beginning of the period a more developed and diverse culture than the North American Native American cultures, whose development involved several peoples.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Of great importance to this genesis of the high culture of the meecks was the development of corn cultivation.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Maize gave a large harvest with relatively little labor and made it possible to achieve higher population density.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[15] Development led to the emergence of many powerful civilizations.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

One such was Teotihuacán, founded an estimated 100 years BCE.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

During the first centuries of our time, the Teotihuacán culture reached the peak of its heyday.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

The Olmeecs and other Mesoamerican societies pioneered mathematics and astronomy, and developed pictorial writing inherited to peoples by later.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Mesoamericans also invented several different ways of writing and created a 365-day calendar that was more accurate than European contemporaries versions.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[16] Teotihuacá's dominion extended over much of central Mexico until it was defeated in the 7th century.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[17] Later, all peoples in the region adopted the religious customs that arose in Teotihuacán.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

The cult included giant pyramids that served as places of worship.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

The craft products of the culture spread widely, including sapoteks that lived in southern Mexico in the area of present-day Oaxaca Province.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Testimony to the technical skill, architecture and skillful handling of metals is their sacred city of 26,000 square kilometres of Monte Albán.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[18] During the 9th century, the Mistecians conquered Monte Albán and Mitla, which was located in idema, which later became the main ceremonial centre for sapotechs.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[19] Around the year 1000, the Tolteks from the north into Mexico occupied the area.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Considered savages, the Tolteks sacrificed prisoners of war and created a powerful political system.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Their capital was Tula.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

However, with the new conquerors, the Tolteks became displaced and driven to the Yucatan Peninsula, where they established the new city of Tula in Chichén Itzá, the Mayan capital.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[20] The Asteecs were the last people to take power in central Mexico before the advent of the Spanish conquistadors.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Initially despised and discriminated against, the farmer-stechecs built their capital Tenochtitlán on the swampy island of Lake Texcoco, on whose ruins were later built Ciudad de México.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Around 1200, the Aztecs carried out a gigantic conquest that secured them the greatest power in the region in a time before the Spanish.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Around 1520, the Spanish defeated the Asteecs in a few years with the help of other Native American peoples.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[21] Maya culture The Mayans originally lived in the northern part of Guatemala, which today is rainforest.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

They developed the highest culture that American Indians have ever had.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

According to the Mayan calendar, the peak of their culture was reached in 790.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Entries completely ceased by 909.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

During that time, their society, which grew to millions of inhabitants, collapsed.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

The cause of the destruction is sought in overpopulation and the hunger and thirst it caused, which killed millions.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[22] The remaining Maya left their cities and moved to the Yucatan Peninsula, where their culture experienced a new flourishing.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

In the 12th century, the Mayans received cultural influences from the Tolteques.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

In the 15th century, this cultural region was shaken by the influence of internal contradictions and was already in a state of dispersal by the arrival of the Spaniards.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[20] High Cultures of Peru The cultures that developed in the Andean highlands and northwestern coastal regions of South America are called Peruvians, although they were not limited to the territory of present-day Peru.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

High cultures similar to the Mexican and Central American cultures developed in those areas.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

The Inca were the ruling class of the kingdom.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

They controlled the interest of the peoples they subjugated and took into account their own cultural bases.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[23] The high cultures of the region initially developed as locals in the river valleys of the uplands and along the coast, where cultivation was based on artificial irrigation.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Crops included maize and potato and cotton, which served as the ingredient for a high level of weaving.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

The lama was used as a drawbar and wool was obtained from the alpaca.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[23] Different and succeeding Native American cultures are distinguished from the cultures of the region.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Of these, three (Chavín, Tihuanaco and Inka) have had a greater class impact.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

The Chavín culture took its name from Chavín de Huántar, the center of the Urumbalavalley.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

The central site of Tihuanaco was located on Lake Titicaca.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

The Incas were initially a small tribe around Lake Titicaca.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

In the 15th century they developed into the largest and most short-lived kingdom influenced by the Andes.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

The capital of the Incas was Cusco.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[24] Latin American Indians in modern times South American Indians now live mainly in the inaccessible areas of the continent's interior.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Large numbers of Central and South American Indians have been mixed with the European population.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

These descendants are called mestits.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[25] The number of Argentine Indians is unclear, with estimates ranging between 300,000 (0.7% of the population) and two million (5.6%).


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Native American peoples living in Argentina include the chorotes, chulupít, Guarani, Mapuchet, tehuelchet, and Selknami.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[26] In Bolivia and Peru, Indians constitute the largest segment of the population.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

In Paraguay, the Indian language guarani is the second official language of the country.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

In Guatemala, Mayans make up about 45% of the population, but the 20 or so languages they speak have no official status.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

In Belize, about 40% of the population has Native American origin and 12% are full-blooded Mayans.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[27] Of the current Mexican population, 60% are half-blooded mestits and 30% are full-blooded or largely Native Americans.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

The vast majority of the population of the states of Chiapas and Oaxaca and the central part of the Yucatan Peninsula are Native Americans.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Mexican Indians are both descendants of the previously mentioned high culture peoples and relatives of the Apache and the Yuma and Pima peoples.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

The largest peoples are the Nahuas, purépechas and misteques.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Huicholes, or wixarikas, live in central Mexico.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Tarahumaras live in Chihuahua and yaquis in Sonora, as well as seris.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

While many Mexicans are proud of their Native American roots, indigenous people still suffer racism and discrimination.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

The way of life and culture of Native Americans has no recognized status.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[28] Brazilian Indians consist of numerous groups that lived in isolation.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Traditionally, Native Americans are still predominantly hunters, fishermen, as well as gatherers, and some peoples have mastered the art of farming.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Many peoples that lived before the arrival of Europeans have become extinct, with much of the population assimilated into immigrants who came later.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[29] Native American peoples living in Brazil include the Baniwas, Guarani, kaiapós, mundurukus, terenas, ticunas, and yanomams.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[30] In 1988, more than 200 tribes were officially recognized by the Brazilian Constitution, and their lives on the reservation were going to be nursed into shape in the next five years.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

However, the project proceeded more slowly than planned.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

The government's inability to demarcate the territories led to growing disagreements, augmented by diamond and gold deposits found on Native American lands.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

In 2004, Amnesty International intervened and condemned government attempts to deprive Indians of the rights they attained.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

After ranchers killed several Indian leaders as a result of land disputes, Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva was cast in an unfavourable light because he had promised to organise a “neutral, democratic and unified policy” for Brazil's indigenous population without being able to keep its promise.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[31] North American Indians in modern times United States As recently as the 1970s, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, actively advocated a policy of assimilation of Native Americans into mainstream American culture.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[32] Now the situation has changed and many Indian communities have formed local governments responsible for a wide range of issues such as fire and rescue, use of natural resources and enforcement of laws.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

In addition, many communities have their own court system to meet the needs that their local way of life requires.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

To satisfy the housing needs of Native Americans, the Federal Congress has passed a special regulation, (the “Native American Housing and Self Determination Act”) in 1996.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[33] In 1987, the United States Supreme Court ruled that federally recognized Indian tribes have the right to freely engage in gambling activities.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

A year later, Congress enacted the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act, which mentions the rights of Indians to run casinos and bingo halls.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Today, gambling is the main source of livelihood for American Indians.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Many Native American governments run gaming casinos, and in many Native American communities, efforts have also been made to build a more diverse economic structure.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Specifically, reservations in the vicinity of large cities, such as the Mashantucket of the pequotes in Connecticut, have benefited greatly from this, with revenue from casinos improving the tribe's health care and building educational institutions.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[34] Some Native American peoples refused to accept casino operations.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

For example, the Navajo voted against casinos for a long time until they changed their minds and attended the opening of their first casino in November 2008.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Over the next year, the global recession reduced casino turnover and in 2010, the Chippewies' Greektown Casino in Detroit was mired in great financial trouble.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[35] Over the past few decades, traditional religious ceremonies of Native Americans have revived.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

The rites of pueblos in the southwest region are gathered by large groups of participants and pow-wow sessions held across the country bring together hundreds of dancers and a multi-figure audience.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[36] The largest religious organization of North American Indians is the Church of the Indigenous Peoples of the Americas, which has approximately 250


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[37] In 2010, there were 565 federally recognized Native American tribes or peoples in the United States.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

The United States recognizes the rights of these tribes to self-government and supports their tribal sovereignty.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Their self-governing limitations are the same as they are on US states, such as deciding war, foreign policy relations or the right to print money.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Even now, more than a hundred Native American groups are seeking official recognition from the United States federal government.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

In addition to federally recognized territories, some tribes have recognized status by individual states, whose rights slightly vary depending on the state.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[38] War losses experienced over the years, the standard of life on the reservations, cultural attempts at assimilation, the prohibition of traditional national languages and cultures have affected the mental and bodily health of Native Americans.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

In modern times, many Indians suffer from poverty, alcoholism, heart problems, and diabetes.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

In the suicide statistic, their numbers far exceed the national average.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[39] Today, more than a third of the approximately three million Indians in the United States live in the territory of three states, California, Arizona, and Oklahoma.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

In 2010, the most populous Native American peoples in the United States were the Cherokee, Navajo, Choctaws, Sioux, and Chippewas.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[40] Canada in Canada Native American peoples with recognized status are referred to as First Nations (“first peoples”).


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Until the 1960s, attempts were made to assimilate Native Americans into Canadian mainstream culture, until the following decade changed the practice.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

At the time, the National Brethren Organization of Indian Indians in Canada (NIB) proposed an international organisation that would seek to improve the status of indigenous peoples through the UN.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

After multistage preparations, the organisation established contacts with the natives of Australia and New Zealand, as well as the Sami.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[41] In terms of population, the largest of the Indian peoples of Canada is the creet.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[42] Of the cities, the largest number of indigenous people live in Winnipeg and Vancouver.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[43] Observations and studies Native Americans share a lot of characteristics in common with the peoples of Central and East Asia in their genes.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

One of these features is the shape of the teeth, sinodonticity.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

For a long time, most Indians were considered predominantly pre-mongolid races until it turned out that the blood type structure of both breeds was completely different.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[44] Native American appearance and physical characteristics vary a lot, especially given the native population of Latin America.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

The hair, regardless of tribe, was predominantly straight, coarse and black, but the skin colour changed from brownish to blond.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Large stone statues carved by the Olmeecs of Mesoamerica have sparked a debate about the nation's ancestry.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

The flat noses and thick lips of the statues greatly resemble the characteristic features of Africans.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[16] Genetic studies in the 1990s showed Native Americans of the American continent divided into five different mitochondrial DNA haplogroups.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

These lineages are inherited from the maternal side.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

The A, C, and D haplogroups lead mainly to Siberia, while group B has only been found in the indigenous populations of Japan, China, Polynesia, and Melanesia.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

The fifth haplogroup X is rare in Siberia, but relatively common in the Pyrenean Peninsula and among the Basques.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

[45] See also Ghost dance Tipee List of United States federally recognized Indian tribal entities Pre-Columbian Native American cultures Literature Andersson, Rani-Henrik; Hämäläinen, Riku; Kekki, Saara: Handbook of Native American Cultures.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Vocabulary of culture, history and politics.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Gaudeamus, 2013.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Andersson, Rani-Henrik & Henriksson, Markku| title = Indians: Native American history | location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 2010| id = ISBN 978-952-495-162-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book | author = Fagan, Brian| title = Long Summer, Human History and Climate Change| others = Translated by Osmo Saarinen| location = Jyväskylä | publisher = Gummerus| year = 2008| version = (The long Summer) | id = ISBN 978-951-20-7595-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Henriksson, Markku| title = Native Americans: History of Indians, Inuit and Aleuti of the United States| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 1986| id = ISBN 951-662-385-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hämäläinen, Riku (ed.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

) | title = Native American Religions of North America: Scriptures on Tradition, Change and Continuity| location = Helsinki| publisher = Society of Finnish Literature| year = 2004| version = Data Lipas 204| id = ISBN 951-746-594-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Mann, Charles | title = 1491, America before Columbus| location = Helsinki| publisher = Into kustannus Oy| year = 2011| version = 1491| id = ISBN 978-952-264-076-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Meltzer, David J.| title = First Peoples in a New World| publisher = Univ of California Press | year = 2009| id=ISBN 978-0-520-26799-2| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.}


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Froststream, Jussi & Teuvainen, Teivo| title = Whose America: 500 years of Latin America| location = Jyväskylä | publisher = Gummerus| year = 1992| id = ISBN 951-717-788-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Virrankoski, Pentti| title = American and Canadian Indians: Culture and History of Native American peoples from Rio Grande to Yukon River| location = Helsinki| publisher = Society of Finnish Literature | year = 1994| version = Editorials of the Finnish Literary Society 605| id = ISBN 951-662-536-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Waldman, Carl| title= Atlas of North American Indian| publisher = Fact on file Publications| year = 1985| id=ISBN 0-87196-850-9| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

References On topic elsewhere.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

, links by population and geographically organized.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Book review: Andersson, Rani-Henrik; Hämäläinen, Riku; Kekki, Saara: “Handbook of Native American Cultures.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

Vocabulary of culture, history and politics.” Gaudeamus, 2013.


Question: Which Indians built Teotihuacán?

Indians

(Agricola Book Reviews, 10/07/2013) . . * Category:Key articles of screening Category:49.4 Ethnology of American Peoples


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

The Nobel Prize (reeds. Nobelprisia, norway.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

Nobelprisen) is a very significant prize presented annually in the fields of physics, chemistry, medicine, literature and peace.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

The Nobel Prize was initiated by Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel (1833—1896) and named after him.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

Nobel defined in his will the grounds and the first five categories of the award.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

The first Nobel Prizes were presented in 1901.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

The selection of Nobel nominees is a lengthy process to which thousands of eminent figures are invited.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

Nominations will be nominated by the end of January of the award year.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

The institution awarding each award then sets a committee that carefully goes through the nominations and selects the recipient of the award.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

The names of the laureates will be announced in the autumn, and the award ceremonies will be held on December 10 in Stockholm and Oslo.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

The recipient is awarded a medal, a diploma and a cash prize of less than one million euros.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

Also, the Economics Prize awarded by the Bank of Sweden is often called the Nobel Prize and is also awarded on the same occasion with other prizes.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

History The Swedish inventor Alfred Nobel decreed in a will written in 1895 that most of his estate would be used after his death to establish five prizes “for those who in the preceding year have most benefited mankind”.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

The will also stipulated that the prizes would be awarded by certain four institutions: the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (Physics and Chemistry), the Karolinska Institute (Physiology or Medicine), the Swedish Academy (Literature), and the Norwegian Nobel Committee (Peace).


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[1] The Norwegian Parliament approved the will in April 1897 and elected the members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee shortly thereafter.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

The following year, Swedish institutions also approved the will.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

In 1900, the Nobel Foundation was established to fund and oversee the prize.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[2] The first five prize categories (Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature and Peace) were established according to the Nobel will and the first prizes were presented on December 10, 1901, five years after Nobel's death.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

The Swedish central bank's economics prize in memory of Alfred Nobel was established in 1968, and the first prize in economics was given the following year.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[3] Alfred Nobel laid down the criteria for awarding prizes in his will.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

In 1900, refining grounds were enacted.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

These rules have since not been very much changed.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

Alfred Nobel's impractical requirement that the prize be awarded for achievements in the “previous year” has been extended to a longer period.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

Nobel's insistence on the “idealistic tendency” of the literary laureate's work is interpreted more loosely today.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[4] In 1940, 1941 and 1942, not a single Nobel Prize was awarded due to World War I.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

In 1916, during World War I, only a literary prize was handed out.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

The most recent undistributed award dates from 1972, when no peace prize was handed out.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[3] Rewarding Anyone can be rewarded regardless of nationality, race, religion or ideology.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

The award may be awarded to the same recipient more than once.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

The Nobel may be awarded at a time to one, two or three recipients.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[4] The award can only be awarded to individual people, except the Peace Prize, which can also be awarded to an organization.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[5] Any of the Nobel Prizes may be neglected if a suitable candidate is not found or if a world situation such as World War I prevents access to the knowledge necessary for the award.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

Of the awards, the Peace Prize is most often left unawarded.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[4] If a prize is not awarded one year, two prizes may be awarded the following year.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

However, if the prize is not awarded even then, or if the laureate refuses or fails to accept the prize before the due date, the prize amount will be returned to the Fund.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

However, those who refused will be entered on the list of Nobel laureates with the note “rebuffed the prize.”


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[4] Voluntarily the award has been refused by Jean-Paul Sartre (literary prize 1964) and Lê Ðức Thường (Peace Prize 1973).


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[3] Some governments have prevented their citizens from accepting the award.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

For example, in 1937, Adolf Hitler forbade Germans from taking the prize because anti-Nazi newspaperman Carl von Ossietzky had received the 1935 Peace Prize.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[4] Prizes Each Nobel Prize includes a gold medal, a diploma with a text quote, and a sum of money.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[4] The monetary prize The size of the monetary prize depends on the income of the Nobel Committee.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[4] As of 2012, the prize amount is 8 million SEK, or approximately EUR 0.89 million.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

The economics prize is awarded with funds donated by Sweden's central bank.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[6] The prize awarded to the two recipients is divided equally.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

If the prize is awarded to three, the prize amount may be divided in 1:1:1 or 2:1:1 ratio.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[4] Medals Of the original five award medals, four were designed by Swedish carver and engraver Erik Lindberg.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

The Peace Prize Medal was designed by Norwegian carver Gustav Vigeland.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

The Swedish central bank's Economics Prize Medal is designed by the Swede Gunvor Svensson-Lundqvist.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[7] The front of the medals designed by Lindberg has a side profile of a bust of Alfred Nobel.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

The front side additionally bears the text ALFR NOBEL and NAT-MDCCC XXXIII OB-MDCCC XCVI (Nobel year of birth and death in Roman numerals).


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

In the medals of the Peace and Economics Prize, the image of the Nobel laureate is somewhat different.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[7] The illustration of the reverse sides of the medals designed by Lindberg is different in each, but they bear the same Latin text on the perimeter of the medal Inventas vitam iuvat excoluisse per artes.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

The Peace Prize Medal has the text Pro pace et fraternitate gentium on the reverse side.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

The Economics Award Medal has no text on the flip side at all.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

In four Swedish medals, the name of the laureate is engraved on the obverse.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

On the Peace Prize Medal and Economics Award Medal, the recipient's name is engraved on the edge of the medal.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[7] Medals are currently made of 18 carat gold.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

They weigh 175 grams, except for the Economics Award Medal, which weighs 185 grams.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

The medals have a diameter of 66 millimeters.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

Until 1980, medals were still made of 23 carat gold and they weighed 200 grams.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[7] The medals have been produced since 2012 at Svenska Medalj AB, except for the Peace Medal which is manufactured at Den Kongelige Mynt in Kongsberg, Norway.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[7] Diploma Each awarding institution has designed its own diploma.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

The visual style of the Diplomas and the theme of the illustration has changed several times, and a large number of artists and calligraphers have been responsible for illustration and calligraphy.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

In size, the diplomas are 23 × 35 centimeters.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

The literature prize diploma is made on parchment and other diplomas on special order handmade paper.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

Diplomas are handed out in covers bearing the gold-plated monogram of the award-winning.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[8] All Swedish diplomas have similar textual content: the name of the recipient and the criteria for the award.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

A Norwegian diploma has never read the basics of rewarding.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[8] Nomination Choosing a Nobel Prize laureate is a thorough process, which has contributed to making the award so authoritative.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

Beginning in September of the previous year, the Nobel Committees send a request to thousands (about 1,000 for each award) of scientists from different fields, members of various organisations and academies, and previous Nobel laureates, to place a candidate for the next prize with their reasons.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

In addition, a wide range of people, mainly from politics, international law and different fields of the university world [9], may be proposed to the recipient of the Peace Prize.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

Self is not to be proposed.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

Probation officers are selected in such a way that as many countries and universities around the world as possible are allowed to field candidates over the years.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

Between 100 and 250 nominees for each award group are nominated each year.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

The names of the candidates will not be released for 50 years.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

The time limit for submitting proposals is 31.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

on Jan.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[10] [5] Their own nominations for the Peace Prize may be proposed by the members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee at the first meeting of the Committee.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[9] Nomination of winners in Physics and Chemistry Prizes and the Economics Prize of the Bank of Sweden are awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Karolinska Institute of Medicine Prize, the Swedish Academy for Literature and the Norwegian Nobel Committee of the Peace Prize.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[1] The five-person Peace Prize Committee is appointed by the Grand Prizes of Norway.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[11] In early February, the institution awarding each award sets a committee to begin going through nominations.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

It consults external experts to assess the originality and significance of each candidate's work.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

The committee will report its choice by September or October to the institution that will approve the nominee.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

Normally, the committee's decision is followed, but institutions can still change the recipient of the award.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

Final decisions must be made by November 15.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

The decision process is secret.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[5] The name of the awardee will be announced on the same day that the selection has been made.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

The 2016 awardees were announced at press conferences between October 3 and 13.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[12] Award Ceremonies The award ceremony for Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature and Economics will be held on the day of commemoration of the death of Alfred Nobel, December 10 in Stockholm and the Peace Prize ceremony in Oslo.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

Award recipients usually show up in person and give a lecture.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[4] In Stockholm the lectures are held in the days leading up to the award ceremony and in Oslo at the awards ceremony.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[13] The Stockholm event is held at Stockholm Concert Hall.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

In Oslo, the occasion has been held since 1991 at the Oslo City Hall.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

Between 1947 and 1990, the event took place at the University of Oslo and before that at the Nobel Institute.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[14] The Stockholm event will first hear the presentation speeches of the laureates and their work.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

Thereafter, the King of Sweden distributes to the laureates a deed and a medal.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

The event will be followed by a festive dinner at Stockholm City Hall, attended by around 1300 people, including the Swedish king couple and other royals, as well as members of the government and MPs.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

The events are organized by the Nobel Foundation.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

In Oslo, the peace prize is presented by the chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

The event will also be attended by a pair of Norwegian kings.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

A festive dinner is held in the evening.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[14] Nominations and laureates Between 1901 and 2016, the Nobel Prize, including the Economics Prize, have been awarded a total of 579 times.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

Of the five actual Nobel prizes, the most frequently awarded has been awarded the Physics Prize, 110 times, and, most rarely, the Peace Prize, 97 times.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

The Economics Prize has been handed out 48 times.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[3] As the award is often shared among several recipients, there have been a total of 911, 885 people and 26 organisations.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

On more than one occasion, four individuals and two organizations have been awarded.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[3] The youngest laureate is Malala Yousafzai (Peace Prize 2014), who was 17 years old.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

The youngest of the science obelists is Lawrence Bragg (physics prize 1915), who was 25 years old.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

There are 49 women out of the awardees.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[3] Deceased laureates Since 1974, no deceased person has been allowed to nominate for a Nobel Prize laureate, nor is the prize awarded to a deceased person unless the death has occurred after the award of the prize.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

This has happened most recently to Ralph M. Steinman (Prize for Medicine 2011).


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

He died three days before the award was announced, but as the death was only learned after the announcement, Steinman's reward was left effective.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[3] Prior to 1974, after the death of a person, the Nobel Prize had been awarded twice: to Dag Hammarskjöld (Peace Prize 1961) and to Erik Axel Karlfeldt (Literature Prize 1931).


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[3] Noteworthy or unusual nominations Developer of Nonviolent Resistance and its symbol in the 20th century, Indian Mahatma Gandhi never received the Nobel Peace Prize, something that has been widely wondered.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

Gandhi was named a nominee for the award five times between 1937 and 1948, and was three times among those nominated as top nominees by the Nobel Committee.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

The committee has never given a reason as to why Gandhi was not rewarded.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

After Gandhi died, the committee considered awarding the Peace Prize posthumously, but ultimately left it completely undistributed.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[15] Josif Stalin had been shortlisted for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1945 and 1948 for his work to end World War II.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

A Swedish MP put Adolf Hitler up for the Peace Prize in 1939.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

His purpose was apparently to satirize it through Swedish political discourse.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

The proposal was quickly withdrawn.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[16] Between 1916 and 1931 Jane Addams was nominated for the Nobel Prize 91 times until she finally received the Nobel Peace Prize.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[16] On the other hand, Emily Greene Balch, Fridtjof Nansen and Theodore Roosevelt received their Peace Prize in their first year of nominations.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[16] Finnish laureates from Finland have received the Nobel Prize in total four individuals: Frans Emil Sillanpää for literature 1939, Artturi Ilmari Virtanen for chemistry 1945, Ragnar Granit for medicine 1967 (although as a Swedish citizen), Martti Ahtisaari Peace Prize 2008.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

The Economics Prize of the Bank of Sweden has been awarded to Bengt Holmström in 2016.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[17] In addition, all UN peacekeepers, including Finns, were awarded the joint Nobel Peace Prize 1988.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

The 2007 Peace Prize was awarded to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, whose work was also received by Finnish researcher Riitta Pipatti.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[17] Reviews of Nobel Prizes have often attracted criticism.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

The most controversy has been caused by prizes for literature and peace, and least by prizes in physics, chemistry, and physiology or medicine.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[4] With regard to the Peace Prize, disputes have often been based on the fact that the laureate has been a current and highly controversial political actor.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

Reward has also often raised conflicts into the world's consciousness, in which case they may have been seen as interfering in the internal affairs of a country.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

The composition of the Norwegian Nobel Committee has also sometimes been criticized, as it has only Norwegian members.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[18] The Swedish central bank's economics prize in memory of Alfred Nobel has been criticized as ideologically motivated and unscientific.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[19] Alfred Nobel's grandson Peter Nobel has compared the Swedish central bank to a cuckoo that lays eggs in others' nests.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

[20] Prize categories Nobel Prize in Physics Nobel Prize in Chemistry Nobel Prize in Medicine Nobel Prize in Literature Nobel Peace Prize of the Bank of Sweden Economics Prize in Memory of Alfred Nobel Laureates List of Nobel Laureates List of Finnish Nobel laureates Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Källstrand, Gustav| title = Medaljens framsida: Nobelpristen i pressen 1897—1911| location = Stockholm| publisher = Carlssons| year = 2012| isbn = 978- 91-7331-531-9}} On the subject elsewhere Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Who invented the Nobel Prize?

Nobel Prize

* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: When was Tapani Yli-Saunamäki born?

Tapani Yli-Saunamäki

Tapani Antero Yli-Saunamäki (born 1948 in Keuruu) is the director responsible for social relations with the state and municipalities of the former Nova Group and its subsidiaries, and at the end of the company's managing director.


Question: When was Tapani Yli-Saunamäki born?

Tapani Yli-Saunamäki

Yli-Saunamäki became well known as an election funding fixer in the election funding hut in 2008.


Question: When was Tapani Yli-Saunamäki born?

Tapani Yli-Saunamäki

Yli-Saunamäki was suspected of financial crimes in a police investigation into Nova companies.


Question: When was Tapani Yli-Saunamäki born?

Tapani Yli-Saunamäki

Yli-Saunamäki was sentenced in the District Court to a 3-year 6-month prison sentence for aggravated debtor dishonesty offences, aggravated accounting offences, aggravated bribe giving, bribe giving, registration offence as well as accounting offence in April 2012.


Question: When was Tapani Yli-Saunamäki born?

Tapani Yli-Saunamäki

[1] Yli-Saunamäki appealed against the judgment received to the Court of Appeal.


Question: When was Tapani Yli-Saunamäki born?

Tapani Yli-Saunamäki

Yli-Saunamäki, who was imprisoned, was released by the Court of Appeal in mid-May 2012, justifying the release by Yli-Saunamäki's serious illness.


Question: When was Tapani Yli-Saunamäki born?

Tapani Yli-Saunamäki

According to the Court of Appeal, keeping Yli-Saunamäki in custody would have been unreasonable before the Court of Appeal hearing.


Question: When was Tapani Yli-Saunamäki born?

Tapani Yli-Saunamäki

[2] In addition to Nova Group, Yli-Saunamäki has served as CEO of the Finnish Sports Federation, Soder Aviation and Jokela Capital, as well as a director of Nokia.


Question: When was Tapani Yli-Saunamäki born?

Tapani Yli-Saunamäki

In 2000, he was campaign manager for Esko Aho's presidential campaign.


Question: When was Tapani Yli-Saunamäki born?

Tapani Yli-Saunamäki

[3] In the parliamentary elections of 2003, Yli-Saunamäki was nominated on the centrist list, receiving 1509 votes.


Question: When was Tapani Yli-Saunamäki born?

Tapani Yli-Saunamäki

[4] From Nokia to Nova Group, Yli-Saunamäki was Nokia's negotiator in 1988 with the International Ski Federation (FIS) when the fledgling mobile phone manufacturer Nokia sponsored e.g.


Question: When was Tapani Yli-Saunamäki born?

Tapani Yli-Saunamäki

ski jumping.


Question: When was Tapani Yli-Saunamäki born?

Tapani Yli-Saunamäki

[5] However, Nokia withdrew from supporting ski jumping and focused on e.g.


Question: When was Tapani Yli-Saunamäki born?

Tapani Yli-Saunamäki

to tennis.


Question: When was Tapani Yli-Saunamäki born?

Tapani Yli-Saunamäki

In 1994, Nokia had a profit of four billion marks and Yli-Saunamäki negotiated with Formula One Tyrrell Racing stable for the main sponsor's contract.


Question: When was Tapani Yli-Saunamäki born?

Tapani Yli-Saunamäki

The stable was renamed Nokia-Tyrrell-Yamaha.


Question: When was Tapani Yli-Saunamäki born?

Tapani Yli-Saunamäki

The Tyrrell stable was driving at the time e.g.


Question: When was Tapani Yli-Saunamäki born?

Tapani Yli-Saunamäki

Mika Salo,


Question: When was Tapani Yli-Saunamäki born?

Tapani Yli-Saunamäki

However, Nokia withdrew from the project in late 1995, justifying its withdrawal e.g.


Question: When was Tapani Yli-Saunamäki born?

Tapani Yli-Saunamäki

lack of visibility and an accident driven by Mika Häkkinen.


Question: When was Tapani Yli-Saunamäki born?

Tapani Yli-Saunamäki

In 1996, Yli-Saunamäki, Deputy Director of the Nokia Group, was nominated for the position of Secretary General of the Finnish Olympic Committee, but Jouko Purontakanen, the Secretary-General of the Ice Hockey World Cup, was elected.


Question: When was Tapani Yli-Saunamäki born?

Tapani Yli-Saunamäki

However, Yli-Saunamäki was elected chairman of the organizing committee for the 1999 World Figure Skating Championships, after Nokia supported e.g.


Question: When was Tapani Yli-Saunamäki born?

Tapani Yli-Saunamäki

ice dancing couple Susanna Rahkamoa and Petri Koko.