Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

Today, presidents act as intermediaries between the borough and the mayor, appointing members to the Local Boards (), the Town Planning Committee (), and the Board of Education ().


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

They face a lot of pressure that comes from an ongoing struggle between mayors pushing for a strong central government and local leaders seeking independence.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[44] With the exception of Staten Island, every borough of New York City would, as an independent, be among the largest cities in the United States.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

Borough representatives constantly complain that their concerns are ignored, and many believe that local benefit is sacrificed for the benefit of New York County, or Manhattan.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

This view led Staten Island to explore in the 1990s the possibilities of seceding from New York City and becoming an independent city.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

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[44] Economy New York has been able to prosper economically and maintain its position, although it has had to go through a lot of changes.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

The city's strength lies in its versatility.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[45] New York was in an economic trough in the 1970s.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

As recently as the 1950s, there had been more than one million manufacturing jobs in the city, but between 1960 and 1975 more than 600,000 of them disappeared.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

The old economy collapsed and the city became practically bankrupt.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

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High rent levels, crowding, arson and crime drove businesses and the middle class out of the city.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

To address the crisis, industrial parks were established in New York City, where businesses were offered cheaper rents, better services and a safe environment, and tax breaks were promised to businesses remaining in the city.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

Even the exchange threatened to leave, but in the 1990s it decided to stay in Manhattan and build new premises.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

Banking and financial services became the new engine of development, along with traditional book printing and marketing industries.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[45] Changes were also made at the port.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

Harbor pools were widened to accommodate container ships and thoroughfares dredged deeper, and a direct rail link was planned between Manhattan and Brooklyn.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

The old piers were demolished or put into other use, such as recreational areas.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

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Although the port has lost some percent of its traffic, it is still the busiest on the east coast of North America.


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It has billions of dollars in revenue and provides thousands of jobs.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

The manufacturing sector has been losing ground, but New York still has a lead in the ready-to-wear industry and in manufacturing specialty items such as ties, handbags and leather goods.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[45] A substantial portion of the information technology industry in the United States is based in New York.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

The city's economic superiority was evident in the 1990s, when the Dow Jones index quadrupled and profits soared to highs on the New York Stock Exchange.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

New York banks managed both Latin America's debt crisis in the 1980s and Asia's financial collapse at the end of the 1990s, when it became the “capital of the world's economy.”


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

Despite all the changes, the New York metropolitan area still maintains its domicile with more than a fifth of the companies on the Fortune 500 list.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[45] New York City has been one of the most prominent business centres in the world, along with London.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[46] [47] Asian cities such as Hong Kong have been projected to take their place in the coming years.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[48] The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is the largest securities exchange in the world as measured by the aggregate market value of shares.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[49] As measured by the daily number of share trades, the world's largest exchange is the NASDAQ.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[50] The exchange is located on Wall Street in the center of the Financial District, the financial hub of Manhattan.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[51] The city's largest employers are on the side of the public sector: the city itself employs almost 150000 people.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

Other majors include the school agency, the Department of Transportation, or MTA, federal government, and public health care.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[52] In 2012, most of the city's largest private employers were active in the health care, banking or retail sectors.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

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The top five were North Shore-LIJ Health System, Walmart, JP Morgan Chase, Wegmans Food Markets and Verizon.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[53] Transportation New York has three main airports through which millions of passengers pass per year: John F. Kennedy International Airport, LaGuardia Airport, and Newark International Airport.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

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[54] Finnair flies daily to New York from Finland.


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A total of 2.63 billion trips are made on public transportation in the New York region each year — one-third of all public transit trips in the United States.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

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[55] The New York City Subway opened in 1904.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

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[56] The Staten Island Ferry is also part of the city's public transit system.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[57] New York City has two main train stations, Grand Central Terminal in the eastern part of Midtown and Penn Station in the western part of Midtown.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

Grand Central Terminal is used by local trains of the Metro-North Commuter Railroad and Penn Station by local trains of the Long Island Rail Road and New Jersey Transit, as well as Amtrak's long-distance trains.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

In addition, several subway and bus lines pass through both stations.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[58] Grand Central Terminal is the largest railway station in the world based on the number of station platforms, while Penn Station is the busiest railway station in North America in terms of passenger volume.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[59] [60] Six notable bridges have been built in the early 20th century: the Madison Avenue Bridge, Pelham Bay Bridge, Borden Avenue Bridge, Manhattan Bridge, University Heights Bridge, and Queensboro Bridge.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[61] Much of Manhattan's streets are named by numbers.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

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Most east-west directions are named Street (e.g., 42nd Street), and north-south orientations are called Avenue (e.g. Third Avenue).


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[62] Port operations in New York and New Jersey are managed by a joint corporation, two of whose seven terminals are located in the New York City area: Brooklyn Marine Terminal and Howland Hook Marine Terminal on the north shore of Staten Island.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

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[63] Population The demographics of New York City have changed continuously throughout its history.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

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Increasingly new segments of the population have taken turns adapting to the city better or worse, criticizing the crowds of people who have come there after them.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

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Already in 1643, 18 languages were spoken in the town.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

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In the Revolutionary War, both Dutch and English merchant lineages fought for independence, and when perhaps a fifth of the town's inhabitants were slaves in 1776, many of them won freedom for themselves.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

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[64] The proportion of Irish people began to increase in the early 19th century.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

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In 1844, the town had 15 Roman Catholic congregations with 80,000 Irish members, and New York was becoming distinctly Irish even before the Great Famine caused migration from 1845 to 1849.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

There were also over 24,000 Germans living in Manhattan, and the number grew rapidly after the revolutionary attempts of the 1840s.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

By the time of the American Civil War, more than half the city's residents had been born overseas


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

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[64] The arrival of new colonists from Eastern and Southern Europe after 1880 changed New York City again as Italians, Greeks, Russians, Hungarians, and Poles flooded the city.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

A new emigrant reception center was built on Ellis Island in 1892, through which about 12000 people per day arrived in the United States.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

Around 1900, the Lower East Side's population density was among the highest in world history.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

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The New York Times wrote that “purity is unknown to these people,” and the police commissioner lashed out at the nation in 1909 by claiming that half of the city's crimes were committed by Russian Jews.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

However, the city was so fragmented that every major group remained a minority, and so tolerating “others” became a virtue in New York.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[64] In the early 20th century, many African-Americans also migrated to New York City, fleeing the restrictions of rural Southern United States.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

They settled mostly in Harlem, where lived in 1930 already more than 200,000 African-Americans.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

Growing ethnic and economic hostility drove whites to move out, and only East Harlem remained largely populated by Italians.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[64] At the end of the 20th century, about 200 different nationalities were represented in the population of New York City.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

The fastest-growing demographic group are Asians, whose proportion rose to more than a tenth of the population by the end of the 1990s.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

The largest number of immigrants came from the Dominican Republic, Russia and China.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[64] The influx of Dominicans, Cubans, Colombians and Mexicans has changed New York's demographics abruptly in one generation.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

In the 1990s, the number of Latinos increased by about 400 thousand and bilingualism became a reality.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

New York City is home to about 2.2 million Latinos and they are the single largest demographic group.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

An estimated fifth of city dwellers speak Spanish as their home language.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[64] In the 2010 Census, 44% were white from their ethnic group, 25.5% were black and 12.7% were Asian.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

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A total of 28.6% reported being Latino (), meaning of Spanish or Hispanic descent.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

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[65] Compared to the population of the United States as a whole, therefore, New York has fewer whites and more other populations.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[66] In the 2000 census, 72% spoke plain English.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

Of the other languages, Spanish was by far the largest (13.6%), followed by Chinese (2.1%), Italian (1.7%) and Russian (1.2%).


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[67] In 2015, according to a study published by the New York City Health Department, five percent of New Yorkers suffer from depression, substance abuse, suicidal thoughts, or similar mental health problems.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

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It is a mental health crisis that is constricting the city socially and economically.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

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Eight per cent of city residents suffer from depression and eight per cent of those who have gone to city schools have attempted suicide.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[68] Development of the number of inhabitants year1750220001790494001800792001810119700182015210018302423001840391100185069610018601174800187014781001880191170018902507400 Annual Residents1900343720019104766900192056200001930693040019407455000195078920001960778200019707894900198070716001990732260080080002010 [65] 8175133 Religion According to a 2014 study Catholics are 33% of urban residents, Protestants 23%, 8 per cent, Muslims 3 per cent, Hindus 3 per cent, Buddhists 1 per cent, Orthodox 1 per cent, Jehovah's Witnesses 1 per cent, other religions 2 per cent and non-religious 24 per cent of the population.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[69] The largest Protestant denominations in New York City include the Methodist Church and Baptist churches [70].


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

St. Patrick's Cathedral is the episcopal seat of the Catholic Archdiocese of New York and one of the central locations of Catholic life in the United States.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[71] The Temple of Emanu-El is the largest synagogue in the world, it seats more than 2500 people, which is more than St. Patrick's Cathedral.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[72] Crime Organized crime has long had active activity in New York City.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

The first organized criminal organization in the city was the 40 Thieves, founded in the 1820s.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

There were already more than 200 “wars” between gangs in New York City in the 1850s.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

At the time, gangs used fist irons, for example, as weapons.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

Gangs of that time included such as the Daybreak Boys, Swamp Angels, and Fourth Avenue Tunnel Gang.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[73] In the 21st century, mafias as well as youth gangs such as Bloods, Crips, Latin Kings and MS-13 have intensified in the city.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[74] [75] In the 1990s, New York's crime rate plummeted to less than half of what it used to be, according to police statistics and victim surveys.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[76] In 2009, New York's murder rates had dropped to their lowest in more than 40 years, and New York had become the safest major city in the United States, according to the FBI.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[77] Services Education Public elementary and secondary education in New York City has approximately 1.1 million students [78].


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

Basic public education, however, has been in crisis for a long time in New York.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

Beginning in the 1960s, school administration became politicized and corruption spread while teacher prestige and wage levels decreased.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

The special needs of ethnic minorities were ignored, racial segregation increased, and violence became widespread.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

At the same time, learning outcomes deteriorated and the number of school leavers increased.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

The lengthy decadence of the public school system has benefited schools run by churches and private, even though tuition has increased considerably.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[79] Many public high schools in New York City have retained their good reputations, however, including Stuyvestant, who prepares for college, Bronx Science and Brooklyn Tech, and LaGuardia, who specialize in natural sciences and engineering, and LaGuardia in music and theatre.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

The education system also offers evening schools for adults and hands-on courses for a wide range of immigrants.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[79] New York is one of the most important university cities in the United States.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

There are more than 80 colleges in the metropolitan area, from the Ivy League to public colleges.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

Throughout the United States, prestigious ones include Columbia University (founded 1754), New York University (1831), Fordham University (1841), Cooper Union (1859), and Rockefeller University (1901).


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

The huge public City University of New York (City University of New York, CUNY) has more than 20 units and has its roots in City College dating back to 1847.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[79] Healthcare The New York City Health Agency was established in the 19th century, and its first tasks included improving drinking water quality and organizing milk inspections.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

At that time, the main causes of death were tuberculosis and pneumonia.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

Throughout the 20th century, there was a fight against the spread of typhoid fever, and vaccination campaigns against polio and smallpox were organized.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

In the 1950s, heart disease emerged as the main cause of death and in the 2000s cancer, diabetes and influenza came alongside them.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[80] Today, the agency has more than 6000 employees and has a budget of $1.5 billion.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

Challenges in recent decades have included the 1980s AIDS epidemic and subsequent prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis, the spread of West Nile virus, which is part of arboviruses, to the city in 1999, and the threat of SARS and bird flu in the 21st century.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[81] There are a total of 148 hospitals in the New York metropolitan area.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[82] Energy and water supply to New York City is produced drinking water from reservoirs, some of which are located inland up to 200 miles away in other parts of New York State.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

Drinking water is of good quality.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[83] New York produces 4.9 billion gallons of wastewater per day.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

In 2011, a plan to use silt separated from sewage for methane production was announced.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[84] In New York, electricity is produced using oil and gas.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

Other parts of the state also have nuclear power, hydroelectric and wind power, as well as other renewable energy sources.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[85] Culture New York's cultural appeal is strong.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

For more than a century, talented but still unknown artists and ambitious aspirants of fame around the world have applied to the city they have known as their spiritual home.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

In any field of the arts, New York is a place you have to go to see if you can succeed.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

No other environment offers a tougher challenge.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[86] New York replaced Boston as the center of culture in the United States as early as the middle of the 19th century, when its press and artistic freedom attracted dissent.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

Greenwich Village became a refuge for the non-assimilated before World War I.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

Modern sculpture, beat poetry and abstract expressionism are just three examples of 20th-century art trends that originated in Greenwich Village.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[64] Fine Arts New York is the leading art city in the United States.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

It is an international centre for contemporary art and the city has received some grant for art from the state, but usually by collecting donations from various companies [87].


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

Art is heavily present in all parts of New York City and art appreciated.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

Each year, an art fair focusing on contemporary art is held in the city, the most relevant in the United States since the similar fair in Miami, as it was attended by 154 art galleries and 340 other exhibitors in 2006.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[88] In the 19th century, Manhattan was influenced by the Hudson River school of painters, and the Tenth Street Studio was built in Greenwich Village.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

In the 1930s, Jackson Pollock moved from the West to New York City, created Abstract Expressionism and changed the direction of modern art.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[86] Graffiti, born in Philadelph, developed its own forms in New York [89] and graffiti artists such as Keith Haring rose from the streets to galleries.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[90] Music in the western parts of the Bronx emerged hip hop [91], the city's underground clubs emerged disco [92], and emigrants from Latin America combined the rhythms of their countries in the 1960s and developed salsa [93].


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

Jazz flourished in Harlem, whose best-known performance venues were the Apollo Theatre and the Cotton Club [94], and the borough of Greenwich Village was a hub for folk music in the 1960s [95].


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

Performing Arts The performing arts are ever-present in New York City.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

Their spectrum ranges from prohibitively expensive fashion shows to free amateur shows and are enjoyed by audiences of all kinds.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[96] Broadway (theatre) has been the main theatrical centre in the United States since the 1890s, the Great White Way.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

In New York, serious theatre and glorious musicals are produced and performed for the general public, but also thousands of other acts, followed only by real enthusiasts.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

The city's off Broadway and off Broadway theatres will feature more experimental theatre and feature new scripts, performers and directors.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

In the late years of the 20th century, new performance venues in Times Square, in skyscrapers and along 42nd Street, which had suddenly become fashionable, attracted a new audience and ticket prices rose with the growth in popularity.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

However, there are also free Shakespeare shows in Central Park, and discount tickets for on-going shows are always available.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

In each borough, local groups offer more shows than anyone has time to follow.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[96] Completed in the 1960s, Lincoln Center is a mecca for performing arts favourites, with the Metropolitan Opera, the New York Philharmonic and the New York City Ballet.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

The finest concerts take place at Carnegie Hall.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

Good options are also offered by Manhattan's Town Hall and Brooklyn's Academy of Music, the oldest performing arts centres in the United States.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[96] Film and television No city is as recognizable to Americans as New York: its searing nightlife and rugged living areas are part of the national consciousness.


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New York

Film directors are happy to use the city as a filming location, and the city administration has encouraged that.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

New York is also an important production location for documentaries and independent films.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

Prior to World War I, Queens was the center of the early film industry, and an equally Astoria studio center operates there.


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New York

[96] The city has also been the venue for many successful TV series.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

With the advent of such series as The Goldbergs, I Love Lucy, Family Is the Worst and Seinfeld New York has become part of the common cultural experience of Americans.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[96] Museums and Libraries The most famous museum in the city and most popular with visitors is probably the Metropolitan Museum of Art.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

The Cloisters specialise in medieval art, while avant-garde is on display at the Museum of Modern Art and the Whitney and Guggenheim museums.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

Natural sciences and astronomy are presented by the American Museum of Natural History, and pre-Columbian and Ancient Egyptian art can be viewed at the Brooklyn Museum.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[86] The Public Library's huge collections are the second largest in the United States after the Library of Congress.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

Scholars are also attracted to the Morgan Library, especially its medieval and Renaissance European manuscripts, and the Ellis Island Migrant Museum.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[86] Literature New York, its charms and dangers have been portrayed by literary figures as diverse as Washington Irving, Herman Melville, Walt Whitman, O. Henry, members of the Algonquin Round Table, Rex Stout and Evan Hunter.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[86] Media The headquarters of ABC, CBS and NBC, and the cable network HBO, are in New York.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[98] [99] [100] [101] Well-known New York-based newspapers include [102] New York Daily News (newspaper) New York Times (newspaper) New York Post (newspaper) Metro (free distribution magazine) Foreign Affairs (6 issues per year) Newsweek (newsweekly magazine) The The New Yorker (40 issues per year) Harper's Magazine (monthly) BigNews (monthly) Street News (every six weeks) Food New York's many nationalities have brought there their own heritage dishes, which have evolved further over the years.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

Many famous dishes or own variations of well-known dishes have emerged in New York City, such as hot dogs bun, pizza, pastrami sandwich, burger, clam chowder and cheesecake [103].


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

Sports The most nationally successful professional sports club in the New York City area is the baseball club New York Yankees, which has won the MLB championship World Series 27 times.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[104] There is also another baseball club from the town, the New York Mets.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

At Madison Square Garden, their home matches will be played by NHL team New York Rangers, NBA team New York Knicks, and New York Liberty, which plays in the women's NBA.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[105] In addition, the NBA team Brooklyn Nets play in the city.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[104] In addition, there are several other major league level teams playing in the New York metropolitan area.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

The ice hockey team New York Islanders plays their home games on Long Island.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

The New Jersey state side playing American football is played by the New York Jets and New York Giants, [105] whose home stadium MetLife Stadium was, at its completion in 2010, the most expensive sports stadium in the world.


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New York

[106] New York City is also home to football teams New York Red Bulls [107] and New York City FC.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

A major sporting event held annually is the New York City Marathon, which for several years has been the largest marathon in the world.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[108] In addition, one of the four tennis Grand Slam tournaments, the United States Open, is played annually in the borough of Queens.


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New York

[109] There have been no Olympic Games in New York City, but the city has applied for the Games for the 2012 and 2024 Olympics.


Question: What was the population of Brooklyn in 2018?

New York

[110] Twinning cities New York has ten twinning cities: Tokyo, Japan Beijing, China Madrid, Spain Cairo, Egypt Saint-Domingue, Dominican Republic Budapest, Hungary Jerusalem, Israel Tel Aviv, Israel London, United Kingdom Johannesburg, South Africa Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lehtipuu, Markus| title = New York - Finnish Travel Guide| publisher = Finnish Travel Guide| year = 2010| page = 23-24}} References Elsewhere Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


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Category:44 North America * Category:Key articles on screening


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

The atmosphere is a perimeter of gas surrounding Earth, by one definition, a hundred-kilometer-thick circle of gas composed of air.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

The most common gases in the atmosphere are nitrogen and oxygen, but also, for example, atmospheric carbon dioxide is of great importance to the Earth and its plants.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

In addition, there is a variable amount of water vapor and various particles in the atmosphere.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

The atmosphere is divided on the basis of temperature into several layers.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

The lowest of them is the troposphere, on average, 10 kilometres high, where weather events occur.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

Other important layers in the atmosphere include the ozone layer, which protects the Earth from radiation, and the ionosphere, which reflects radio waves.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

The atmosphere is in a constant circular motion, with winds transferring heat energy and moisture from one place to another, equalizing global temperature differences.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

In the atmosphere, in addition to winds, clouds and rains, a wide range of electrical and optical phenomena are present, such as aurora, halo phenomena and rainbows.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

Some of the worst pollutants in the atmosphere are ground-level ozone as well as fine particulate matter.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

The Earth received its earliest gas perimeter shortly after Earth formed 4.6 billion years ago.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

The composition of the atmosphere has varied over the course of Earth's history.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

Oxygen into the atmosphere began to enter 3.5 billion years ago, and 600 million years ago its quantity began to rise towards current levels.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

It is difficult for a person to survive long periods of time to survive already at an altitude of six kilometers, and at an altitude of more than five kilometers from oxygen deprivation die quite quickly.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

However, some birds can survive at altitudes of up to 12 kilometers.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

Composition From the atmosphere, three thousand different elements and compounds are known.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

Dry air is mainly nitrogen (78 percent) and oxygen (21 percent), each occurring as molecules N2 and O2 consisting of two atoms.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

One percent of the air consists of carbon dioxide, argon and other noble gases, methane and ozone, among other things.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

Water vapor occurs in abundant but varying degrees.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

The relative proportions of gases remain almost the same up to a height of about a hundred kilometers.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

The higher up Earth's gravitational pull causes heavier molecules to remain, on average, in lower layers than lighter ones.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

In the uppermost layers, the atmosphere consists mainly of helium and hydrogen.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

[1] Most common gases Substance content in the atmosphere [1] Nitrogen (N2) 78.1 %Oxygen (O2) 20.9 %Argon (Ar) 0.93 %Carbon dioxide (CO2) 0.039 %Neon (Ne) 0.0018 %Helium (They) 0.0005 %Methane (CH4) 0.00017 %Krypton (Kr) 0.00011 %Hydrogen (H2) 0.00005 %Ozone (O3) 0.000004% The most significant chemically active ingredient in the atmosphere is oxygen.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

In contrast, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and noble gases do not react chemically with other substances very sensitively.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

[1] Other substances Water vapor of up to 4% in the atmosphere is present at low and tropics latitudes.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

[2] Variously different particles, called aerosols, occur in the atmosphere.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

Particles are small solid or liquid bodies ranging from the size of a few molecules to 0.1 millimeter.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

Some of the particles are raised by nature, such as dust, ash and sulfuric acid from volcanoes, pollen and sea salt.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

Also, fog and cloud droplets are aerosols.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

Human beings cause particulate matter emissions, especially by burning oil and coal.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

The least particulate matter is found in distant oceanic and polar regions, and the most heavily trafficked urban areas.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

The high concentration of particles makes the atmosphere cloudy and hazy many times.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

[3] Layers The atmosphere has several layers, or spheres, separated by pauses.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

The air temperature changes upwards when going in the same direction throughout the sphere, and in pauses the direction of temperature reverses.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

Due to Earth's rotational motion, the layers of the atmosphere are thickest at the equator and decrease towards the poles.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

In addition, oceanic and continental distribution affects the thickness of the layers by longitude, and they also vary seasonally and from time to day.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

[1] Layers by temperature The troposphere The troposphere is the lowest layer in the atmosphere.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

Its elevation is typically 5 kilometers at the poles and 15 kilometers at the equator.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

With warm air, it is also higher than usual and cold lower than usual.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

The troposphere contains most of the atmospheric mass and moisture.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

Weather phenomena such as clouds and rain occur there.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

The temperature of the troposphere decreases upward by 6.5 degrees per kilometer.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

The troposphere ends in the tropopause with 50—70 degrees of frost.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

Just above that, atmospheric pressure is no longer a tenth of what is prevailing at sea level.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

[4] The stratosphere The stratosphere is a layer of air above the troposphere with an upper limit of about 50 km in the stratopause.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

In the lower part of the stratosphere, the temperature is approximately constant, but higher up the temperature rises with the altitude.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

The stratosphere is very dry and its barometric pressure no longer 1/1000 of the sea level pressure.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

Planes and gas balls can take off as far as the stratosphere.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

In the stratosphere, ultraviolet radiation from the Sun forms ozone, which prevents harmful ultraviolet radiation from reaching Earth's surface.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

There are sometimes pearly clouds in the stratosphere.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

[5] Mesosphere The mesosphere begins above the stratosphere and continues all the way up to 80—90 km up to the mesopause.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

Its atmospheric pressure is one thousandth to one hundred-thousandth of that of sea level, and its temperature drops to one hundred degrees below freezing when it goes higher up.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

Meteors are usually visible in the mesosphere.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

Illuminating night clouds are also seen in the mesosphere.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

[6] Thermosphere In the thermosphere above the mesopause starting at 90 km, the temperature again rises with altitude under the influence of the Sun's very short-wave ultraviolet radiation.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

Since the substance is extremely sparse, it has no warming effect, and no winds or vertical currents.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

The substance in the thermosphere has settled in layers in accordance with its weight.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

[7] The informal boundary of space is often defined to the lower part of the thermosphere.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

There, at an altitude of 100 km, lies the Kármán Border, which in Europe is often considered the boundary of space.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

In the United States, all citizens who have already visited an altitude of more than 80 miles are considered astronauts.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

[8] The exosphere The exosphere begins gradually at an altitude of about 500 km.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

It is an intermediate space between the atmosphere and space from which particles escape into space.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

[7] The molecule escapes from Earth's gravitational field when it is high enough and has a velocity greater than its escape velocity.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

A very small fraction of the molecules in the top layer of the atmosphere are in such rapid motion, so the disappearance of Earth's atmosphere is very slow.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

[9] Layers by composition The atmosphere is divided into the homosphere and heterosphere according to how the gases are distributed.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

There's a gayopause between the layers.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

In the homosphere, molecules of different masses are mixed, as the gas is still dense enough for collisions between atoms and molecules to dominate the dynamics of the gas.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

The homosphere reaches a height of 100 miles.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

In the heterosphere above it, collisions between atoms and molecules no longer transfer kinetic energy mentionably between molecules.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

As a result, under the influence of Earth attraction, heavier molecules remain in the lower layers and light ones in the upper ones.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

In the lower part of the heterosphere, oxygen and nitrogen appear both as atoms and molecules and nitrogen oxides, but higher up is mainly helium and hydrogen.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

[10] Layers according to chemical and electrical properties The ozone layer is in the stratosphere at an altitude of 15—25 km.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

It is created when radiation from the Sun breaks down oxygen molecules O2 into free oxygen atoms O, from which ozone O3 is produced.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

Ozone protects Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

It is only a few parts per million in the atmosphere and is sensitive to human-made substances such as freons.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

In the 1980s, thinning was observed in the ozone layer over Antarctica.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

[11] The ionosphere is located in the lower part of the thermosphere.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

The ionosphere contains ionized particles that have been broken down from atoms into ions by the Sun's radiation.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

Thanks to its electrons, the ionosphere reflects radio waves, making it possible to transmit them on Earth from one place to another.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

The ionosphere is divided into four layers, D, E, F1 and F2, with different effects; the most important for radio waves is the F2 layer.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

Northern lights are created in the ionosphere when charged particles hit the atmosphere.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

[12] Atmospheric pressure Barometric pressure is the atmospheric pressure against the ground surface.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

At sea level, normal atmospheric pressure is about 1013hectopascals (hPa).


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

Barometric pressure decreases as it rises higher from sea level.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

[13] At an altitude of ten kilometers, the barometric pressure is less than 300 hPa and at 50 km altitude less than 1 hPa.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

[14] Radiation Effects Radiation Attenuation The atmosphere attenuates radiation from space.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

[15] Most radiation below 300 nanometers is already absorbed in the upper layers of the atmosphere, which is essential for known life forms on Earth.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

Short-wave gamma and X-ray radiation is absorbed by atoms in the upper parts of the atmosphere, as well as oxygen and nitrogen molecules.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

When radiation breaks down oxygen molecules into oxygen atoms, for example ozone is produced, which is absorbed by more long-wave ultraviolet radiation.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

[16] Visible light wavelengths, as well as slightly shorter and longer than them, permeate the atmosphere well.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

However, the atmosphere scatters light and at the same time weakens it.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

The blue color of the sky comes from the fact that shortwave blue light scatters more strongly than red.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

Infrared radiation is absorbed by atmospheric water vapor.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

The atmosphere also emits radio waves in wavelengths ranging from a few millimeters to a few dozen meters.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

[17] Greenhouse effect The greenhouse effect refers to when some of the thermal radiation reflected up from the ground level remains to heat the atmosphere and the ground surface.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

Earth's thermal radiation is long-wave, which is why it is efficiently absorbed by the atmosphere and radiates some back down.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

As a result of the greenhouse effect, the global temperature is 33 degrees higher than without it.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

Gases that affect the greenhouse effect are called greenhouse gases.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

The main greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere are water vapor, carbon dioxide, ozone, methane and nitrous oxide [18], or nitrous gas.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

Human activity has increased the amount of many greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

[19] Atmospheric movements The atmosphere is in a continuous rotational motion.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

Winds transfer thermal energy and moisture from one place to another, smoothing global temperature differences.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

Atmospheric circulation is mainly maintained by the Sun's energy, which the equatorial region receives more than the polar regions.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

Warm air rises upwards and returns cooled back to the surface of the earth elsewhere.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

There are several wind shear zones on Earth, the places of which change with the seasons.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

[20] A coriol force is caused by the rotation of the Earth, which affects large air flows significantly.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

In the northern hemisphere, the air curves to the right and in the southern hemisphere to the left.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

The coriol force is strengthened as you go closer to the poles and weakens as you go closer to the equator.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

[21] Optical phenomena A wide range of optical phenomena occur in the atmosphere, including halo phenomena; rainbows; fog and dew phenomena; perimeters and clouds of colour; volcanic phenomena such as volcanic roses and Bishop's ring; pollen circles, spore dust circles and algae light phenomena; refraction phenomena such as mirages, distorted Sun or Moon, or glimpses on the Sun; twilight and brown phenomena such as purple light, twilight arcs, Earth's shadow, resistance, twilight rays and counter-twilight rays; pearly clouds and illuminating night clouds.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

[22] Air pollution Into the atmosphere enters the atmosphere, both through natural and human activities, pollutants that harm human health and the environment.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

The most harmful emissions to health are ground-level ozone, as well as particulate matter, especially fine particles.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

[23] The main causes of air pollution include fossil fuels, industrial processes and the use of solvents, agriculture, waste management, and natural sources such as volcanic eruptions, dust, seawater and plants.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

[24] Atmospheric history There have been three different gas circles on Earth.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

The earliest gas perimeter emerged shortly after Earth formed 4.6 billion years ago.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

It was thin and consisted mainly of a mixture of hydrogen and helium.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

The second gas perimeter was created by the eruption gases of several huge volcanoes that erupted over the next hundreds of millions of years.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

In addition, chunks of ice migrated to Earth, affecting the composition of the gas perimeter.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

[25] Around 4.5 billion years ago, Earth's initial atmosphere consisted mostly of water vapor, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and nitrogen.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

There was still no oxygen at all.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

[26] The amount of oxygen in the atmosphere began to increase only when about 3.5 billion years ago the first oxygen-producing bacteria were born.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

They had the ability to cleave water into hydrogen and oxygen, and did not yet need oxygen for their own vital signs, so oxygen began to be released.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

Little by little, the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere increased and the amount of free hydrogen decreased.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

Development was slow: until about two billion years ago, the oxygen content in the atmosphere was only about one-hundredth of what it is today, and 700 million years ago, only a tenth.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

The increase in oxygen also started the process of generating the ozone layer.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

[27] The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere was still 15 times that of today in the Cambrian period.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

The atmosphere at its current oxygen level reached about 360 million years ago, and at the same time CO2 levels had fallen to close to current levels.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

[28] Atmospheric research Atmospheric research involves the study and modelling of all layers of the atmosphere and the phenomena occurring in them.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

An important part of atmospheric research is to design devices that could be used to study atmospheric processes.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

Study of atmospheric state and processes is important to understand atmospheric problems such as ozone depletion.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

Predicting changes in the atmosphere is also important to prevent problems from worsening.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

[29] As it is very difficult to study the atmosphere from the ground, the atmosphere is studied by various probes and satellites orbiting Earth.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

Atmospheric research essentially involves national and international cooperation.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

Major atmospheric research facilities include ESA, the European Space Agency, and NASA, the US space agency.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

Atmospheric research in Finland is carried out by the Finnish Finnish Meteorological Institute.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

[29] Limits of habitability In the Stratosphere at an altitude of more than 15 km live a diverse array of microbes.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

Their density is a few individuals per cubic meter, and according to current knowledge, they are not believed to actively grow and reproduce there.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

[30] At high altitude, the air is so thin that flying consumes a lot of both energy and oxygen.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

However, the scale vulture has been spotted at altitudes of more than 12 kilometres, and several bird species have been observed atop Mount Everest at 8850 metres.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

[31] For many people already at 2500m there will be illness caused by thin air, i.e. mountain sickness.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

Staying higher and higher requires slow acclimatization.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

[32] Six miles above can adapt to staying for short periods of time, but usually this is life-threatening.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

From an altitude of five miles up, man is no longer able to adapt to altitude and oxygen deprivation permanently, but rather quickly dies.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

[33] In 1978, Reinhold Messner and Peter Habeler were the first to climb to the summit of Mount Everest, the world's highest mountain, to 8850 metres without supplemental oxygen.


Question: What is the average nitrogen content in the atmosphere?

Atmosphere

[34] See also Air mass Airspace Isothermal atmosphere International Standard Atmosphere Meteorology Planetary gas circles Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Karttunen, Hansel & Koistinen, Jarmo & Saltikoff, Elena & Mainland, Olli| title = Atmosphere, weather and climate| location = Helsing| publisher = Ursa| year = 2008| version = Expanded and repaired facility of the book Atmosphere and weather| id = ISBN 978-952-5329-61-2}} References on the topic elsewhere * Category:Climatology Category:Key articles in screening


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Nokia is a city in Finland, located in the province of Pirkanmaa.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

The town is inhabited by people, [1] and covers an area of km², of which km² are bodies of water.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

[2] Population density is Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character “[”.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Neighboring municipalities of Nokia are Hämeenkyrö, Pirkkala, Sastamala, Tampere, Vesilahti and Ylöjärvi.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

The coat of arms of Nokia was designed by Gustaf von Numers and confirmed in 1951.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

[3] Nokia is the second largest municipality in Pirkanmaa in terms of population, after Tampere.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Nokia is an industrial city and the origin of some Finnish brands, the most famous of them former conglomerate and current telecommunications company Nokia and clothing manufacturer Nanso.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Geography Nature Nokia's landscape view is dominated by Pyhäjärvi, Nokianvirta and Kulovesi.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Pyhäjärvi is the central lake of the Kokemäenjoki River basin, where the waters of the Vanajavesi route from the south and the Näsijärvi route from the north.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Pyhäjärvi falls down to Kulovete, flowing in a deep gorge valley, into Kulovete, into which the waters of the Ikaalinen route from the north-northwest fall down to Siuronkoski.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

On the western border, Kulovete is still lowered by a body of water coming from the direction of Lake Mouhijärvi in the Jawbones Strait and on the southern shore, Lanjoki, which originates from the lakes in the western part of Lake Sarkola Bay.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Smaller lakes in the Nokia area include Vihnusjärvi, Kalliojärvi, Ylinenjärvi and Lake Alinenjärvi north of Nokianvirta, and Teernijärvi on its south side.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

[4] The area of Nokia is highly variable and the differences in elevation of the terrain are quite large in many places.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

The highest terrain point in the city is in the northern part on the rock north of Ruokejärvi (188 m mpy.).


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Situated south of Kulovesi (163 m mpy.)


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

until the 1970s was the confluence of the borders of Nokia, Suoniemi and Tottijärvi.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Farmlands in the central and western part of the city are concentrated in a narrow strip along the banks of the watershed.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Nokia belongs to the core area of the Pirkkala grove centre, but with settlement the groves have largely disappeared.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

The riparian groves of the sooty stream were largely destroyed due to rising water levels.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Other species of elm and walnut bush grow in the remaining deciduous forests.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

[4] Villages Kulovesi Linnavuori Pinsiö Sarkola Siuro Sorva Suoniemi Taivalkunta Tottijärvi Vihola Neighborhoods Aaroninkorpi Alhoniitty Alise Region Ilka Region Haavisto Harjuniitty Hasselbacka Kankaantaka Body Keskinen Ketolanmäki Koskenmäki Lauttala Lehtimäki Lähäkorpi Lähmeadow Maatiala Myllyhaka Pitkäniemi Sarpatti Taka-Lauttala Tervasuo Tyrkkölä Vihola Välimaa Sotka Tauramat At the end of 2017, Nokia had 33,322 inhabitants, of which 30,448 lived in built-up areas, 2,594 in sparsely populated areas, and the coordinates of the residence of 280 inhabitants were unknown.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

The built-up rate is calculated from residents whose residence coordinates are known; Nokia has a built-up rate of 92.1%.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

[5] The built-up population of Nokia is divided between three different agglomerations: [6] The city centre area is shown in bold.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

The agglomerations marked with an asterisk (*) belong to this city only partially.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Nokia's central agglomeration does not form its own built-up area, but is part of the Central District of Tampere, which extends beyond Nokia to several neighbouring municipalities of Tampere.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

[6] In total, Tampere's central drive has 334,112 inhabitants and covers an area of 276.23 square kilometres.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

[7] Parishes According to the 2018 regional division, Nokia has the following parishes of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland: [8] Nokia Parish of the Finnish Orthodox Church parishes in the Nokia region is the Tampere Orthodox Congregation.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

[9] Former Parishes The following list lists the parishes abolished in the historical period in the present area of the city of Nokia.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

[8] Suoniemi Parish (annexed to Nokia Parish 1973) Tottijärvi Parish (annexed to Nokia Parish 1976) History There have been occasional stone age artifact discoveries in the Nokia area, but permanent settlement did not emerge until the Iron Age.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Several iron age cakes, the oldest of which are from the 5th century after the beginning of the period, have been found along the banks of the watershed from Kulovede to Pyhäjärvi.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

The settlement is concluded to have entered the Nokia area along the Kokemäjoki River from its downstream direction.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Siuro Castle Mountain is one of the ancient castles along Kokemäenjoki.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Eemäkoski was the central seat of medieval Greater Pirkkala.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

[4] During the Mace War, at the turn of the year 1596—1597, Nokia took together the blankets and nihds led by Klaus Fleming and the peasants led by Jaakko Ilka (Battle of Nokia).


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

A monument designed by Gabriel Engberg was erected at the site of the battle in 1933.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

[4] The lake koski was gutted in the 18th century, allowing plenty of more farmlands to be created in the area, but only three small mills were still used in the middle of the 19th century.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Engineer Fredrik Idestam built a wood grinder, Nokia's first industrial plant, on the verge of rapids in 1868.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Puuhiomo was converted into a joint-stock company in 1871, when it was renamed Nokia Oy.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

The company started producing paper in 1880 and in 1885 the first sulfite cellulose factory in Finland was built in its connection.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

A sawmill, mill and brickworks also operate in connection with the mills.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

A decisive step forward for the operation of the factories was the completion of the Tampereen-Pori railway in 1895; for Nokia Oy's own transport, the line had already been opened to Tampere in 1893.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Industrial activity increased further when Suomen Gummitehdas Oy moved from Helsinki to Nokia in 1903.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

The rubber factory began production of car tires in 1932 and automobile winter tires in 1937 as the first in the world.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

In 1921, Nokian Kutomo Oy (now Nanso Group Oy) began operations.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

In 1941, SOK's Nokia Mill was completed.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

[4] The former Pitkäniemi Manor started operating in 1900 as a mental hospital and operated under the name of Pitkäniemi Medical Institution until 1932.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

In 1955, the hospital passed from the state to the ownership of the Northern Häme Mental Illness Maintenance District, formed by 28 municipalities.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Today it operates under the ownership of Pirkanmaa Hospital District as part of Tampere University Hospital.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

[4] In 1922, the municipality of Pirkkala was divided into North and South Pirkkala with the crossing of the border in Pyhäjärvi, over which there was no road connection at the time.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

In 1937, North Pirkkala was divided when Pispala was annexed to Tampere and the remainder of the municipality was formed into a Kauppaala.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Pohjois-Pirkkala took the name Nokia in 1938 [10] and at the same time Etelä-Pirkkala took back the old mother name Pirkkala, which it still holds.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

The first station plan for the Nokia merchant sector was confirmed in 1941.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

After a delay caused by the wars, the development of the merchant sector gained momentum in the latter years of the 1940s.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

In 1940, Nokia had 10066 inhabitants, in 1950 the population was 15376, and in 1960 there were 18410 inhabitants.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

[4] The road link between Nokia and Pirkkala across the Rajasalmi was completed in 1973 and it was converted to a motorway in 2006, when it also became part of Highway 3.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

After the Winter War, the Jaakkima Coeducational School, changed its name to Nokia from the territory ceded to the Soviet Union.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

The school became the premier grammar school to the university in 1950.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

With the transition to the primary school system, the educational institution changed in 1976 to Nokia High School.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

In 1957, the city-owned Emäkoski Coed School was established, where secondary school classes began in 1962.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Originally owned by Nokia Oy, the vocational school passed into the ownership of the then mercantile sector in 1956.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

The Nokia Labour College became operational in 1945.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

[4] In the 1940s, a whole new community was created practically out of nowhere on the then western border of Nokia when Valmet Oy's factory in Linnavuori was established.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

It was decided to place the mill inside premises to be mined inside the mountain.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Construction began in 1942 and production commenced in 1946.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

The factory initially manufactured aircraft engines, but also played a large part in war replacement supplies as a manufacturer of engines for ships and locomotives as well as compressors.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

In 1957, the production of diesel engines for tractors began, and later engines for machinery and boats, machine tools, aggregates and motor syringes were also included.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

[4] Melo Power Plant was completed in 1971 in Nokianvirta, utilising the entire height of the fall from Pyhäjärvi to Kulovete (about 19.5 metres).


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

On the same occasion, the old power station, which was located slightly further up, built in 1913, was demolished.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

[4] In the 1970s, the area of Nokia increased multifold when the then municipalities of Tottijärvi and Suoniemi were annexed.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

[4] Nokia was populated by settlers from Pyhäjärvi (Vpl) after the last wars.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

[11] Etymology of the name The word nois (plural nokiit, genetic nokia) has been claimed to mean the fur animal sable [12], which would inform that Nokia was a key trading post where sable pelts were the most valuable commodity.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

[13] However, recent research has speculated that sables would not have been part of the Finnish animal kingdom even in antiquity.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Nokia would mean beaver.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

[14] On the other hand, it is presumed to have originally meant black or dark-fur animals, which would explain its association with the sooty word [15] [16] — as a parable the name ashter of water.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

The word nokia often occurs in the names of water bodies, so it may have meant a nesting place for a fur animal.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Population trend The following graph shows the population trend of the town since 1964.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Administration City Council Nokia City Council is the highest deciding body of the city.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

The council has 51 members.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Green Alliance 11 seats Coalition 11 seats Social Democratic Party 10 seats Left Alliance 9 seats Persian Finns 4 seats Centre Finland 3 seats Christian Democrats of Finland 2 seats Communist Party of Finland 1 seat City Board 2017-2019 Nokia's city board consists of nine members.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

The Chair of the City Board is Jari Haapaniemi (Ic.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

), as 1st Vice-President Arja Laitinen (sd.)


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

and Johanna Peurala as 2nd Vice-President (vir.).


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

City Government 2017-2019 Esa Alanne, sd.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Jari Haapaniemi, M.D., tel. Arja Laitinen, S.D., 1.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Nea Lehmussaari, Ioc.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Anneli Lehtonen, left.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Anne Nyman, left


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Johanna Peurala, V.D., 2.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Janne Siuvo, midd.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Antti Tomminen, vir.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

The office holders of Nokia's mayor is Eero Väätäinen.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Värtäinen gave his consent to the post and Värtäinen was unanimously elected to the post by the Nokia City Council in 2013.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Väätäinen has a Master of Science in Administrative Studies.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Facilities Tourism and Recreation Nokia operates a spa hotel in Eden.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Education Nokia has 13 primary schools (Tervasuo school has grades 1-2) and 2 middle schools.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

The middle school in Ekemkoski goes from Koskenmäki, Sorva, Tottijärvi, Vihola, Nokia, Siuro, Linnavuori, Vahalahdki and Taivalkunta.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

To Nokianvirta we go to Kankaanta, Myllyha, Alhoniity and Pinsiö schools.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

In addition, Nokia has a special school, a secondary school and a vocational school.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Transport for Nokia is well connected by road and air thanks to the neighbouring city of Tampere.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

The railway line between Tampere and Pori, as well as highways 11 and 12, run on the territory of the city.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

The latter has one of the steepest climbs in Finland's main road network in Sarkola.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Highway 3 also tangences Nokia's eastern border.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Since 2002, after a ten-year hiatus, trains to Pori have also stopped at Nokia.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Nokia railway station is one of the original traffic points on the Pori line.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Tampere-Pirkkala Airport is only less than ten km from the centre of Nokia.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Travel time from Nokia to Tampere is 14 minutes by train and 20 minutes by bus.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

The journey between Nokia and Pori takes one hour and 15 minutes by train and one hour and 10 minutes by bus.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Travel time between Nokia and Helsinki is fastest by train at one hour and 49 minutes and 2 hours and 45 minutes by bus.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

All Nokia train services outside the Tampere-Pori line require a train change in Tampere.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Direct express buses from Nokia can reach Tampere, Pori, Helsinki, Rauma and Turku.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Travel time between Nokia and Turku takes 2 hours and 10 minutes by bus and 2 hours and 14 minutes by train.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Distances from Nokia Tampere 15 km Helsinki 180 km Hämeenlinna 80 km Pori 95 km Rauma 125 km Sastamala 35 km Turku 150 km Vaasa 240 km Sports Nokia has one ice rink and 4 football fields, Menkala artificial turf, Central Field 2 and 3.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

There is also a running track around the center field.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Nokian clubs include e.g.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Multifunctional club Nokian Pyry (e.g.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

hockey, football, swimming) and Nokia Athletes, ice hockey club HC Nokia, football clubs Nokia Palloseura and FC Nokia, floorball club Nokia KrP, as well as basketball club BC Nokia.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

In football, Nokia's Pyry has played his best in Ykkönen since the turn of the millennium, and Nops will play three in the 2015 season.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

In ice hockey, Nokian Pyry plays at the third highest level, the Suomi Series.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

At its best, the team has qualified for the Mestis qualifiers in the 2012-13 season.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

HC Nokia plays Division III.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

In basketball, BC Nokia ascended to the Korisliiga at the conclusion of the 2014-15 season.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Nokia's KrP plays Floorball League.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Economy Largest Employers Attractions In Sarkola near the border with Sastamala in Vanajavuori, just off Kulovesi beach, there is a special natural attraction, a hollow hollowed-out boulder Pirunpesänkivi.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Folk tales claim that the devil before ancient times lived in a burrow of stone.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

The stone has been tranquilized as a natural monument.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Fur Traders statue designed by Ossi Somma in Pirkkalaistori.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Nancy Holt's environmental artwork “From above and below” in Pinsio.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

A mace war memorial near the Nokia estate.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

Food culture Nokia's keeper dishes were named in the 1980s, a clipper sop garnished with worship meat and a berry bubble mixed with blueberries or raspberries and talcum.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

[18] Twinned with Blönduós, Iceland Moss, Norway Karlstad, Sweden Horsens, Denmark Oryol, Russia Sillamäki, Estonia Sárospatak, Hungary Famous Nokians Jorma Aalto, former competitive skier and others. Hannu Aho, writer Markku Aro, singer Marko Asell, former Olympic silver medalist wrestler and MP Jussi Halme, ice hockey player Suvi Helin, moon pusher Timo Linnus, Finnish musician and taxi driver Herkku Hernesniemi, politician Henri Hirvikoski, politician, basketball player Ari Hjelm, former football player, coach Seppo Hovinen, former javelin thrower Johanna Hulkko, writer J. K. Ihalainen, poet, book printer Martti Joenpolvi, writer Markku Koivisto, former vicar Elina Kujansuu, visual artist Ville Liimatainen, musician Tomi Markkola, iskelmi singer Esko Mikkola, javelin thrower Jari Niemi, footballer Reino Ojala, former MP Antti Ojanperä, footballer Kari Peitsamo, musician Ossi Pellinen, hockey player Jarkko Pyymäki, ice hockey player Markku Rahikkala, Mayor Roope Raisamo, professor of computer science Osmo Rauhala, international artist Tapio Rautavaara, Olympic champion, singer and film actress Elsa Rautee, poet Pasi Riihelä, former national team basketball player Anssi Salmela, ice hockey player World champion Sami Sandell, ice hockey player Ossi Somma, sculptor Elsa Tervo, writer Janne Tulkki, singer Sanni Utriainen, javelin thrower Carl Wegelius, doctor and radiographer Roope Hintz, hockey player See also Nokia water crisis List Nokia Public Artworks and Monuments Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Tarmio, Hannu & Papunen, Pentti & Korpela, Kalevi (ed.


Question: What country has the interpretation originated in?

Nokia (city)

) | title = Suomenmaa 5| publisher = WSOY| year = 1973| page = 363—373}} References on the topic elsewhere * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

The Arab Spring or Arab Spring () is a wave of protests, uprisings and violence that began with the Tunisian Revolution at the turn of the year 2010—11.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

The Arab Spring was a counter-reaction to stagnant and autocratic regimes in place.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

The main cause of the Arab Spring was the poor living conditions of the common people, [1] including unemployment [2] [3] and the food price crisis.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

Conditions worsened with population growth.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

Corruption and arbitrariness made life difficult.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

The people blamed this on the regime held afloat with the help of secret police.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

There were different directions of opinion in the rebels, from pro-Western to Islamists.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

They were united by hatred of the power-holding elite.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

[4] Causes of rebellion Professor Olivier Roy considers that the engine of the Arab Spring was the highly educated disaffected youth.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

[5] [6] Rebellion was aided by modern communication of information: mobile phones, television and the internet.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

The Arab Spring quickly spread from country to country.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

The Arab Spring initiated by secular elements [6] saw the visible rise into politics of Islamists who exploited uprisings [7] [8] to replace traditional Arab nationalism [9] as well as infighting between different Islamic tendencies.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

Foreign countries did not cause the Arab Spring, although one of the reasons for this is (for example, according to scholar Seymour M. Hersh) that the United States and Saudi Arabia supported Sunni extremist organizations and the Muslim Brotherhood so that the influence of the Shiites, and especially Iran, could not grow in the region.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

[10] Activists of the Arab Spring were also at least partly opposed to the West, which had supported, for example, the old regime in Egypt.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

Protests were not unknown in Arab countries until the Arab Spring.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

Scattered protests occurred in the 2000s, but the authorities managed to defeat them.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

The demonstrations in Iran in 2009 and the 2010 Kyrgyz revolution may have been featured.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

There was a widespread food price crisis in 2007-08 that impoverished Arabs and created discontent with governments.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

The restructuring of Arab societies and youth unemployment gave rise to a youth with a negative view of the old power.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

It is justified to think that the root cause of the Arab Spring movement lies in poverty.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

[1] Preceding protests in Muslim countries in Kuwait was the “Blue Revolution” in 2005, demonstrating minds in favour of women's suffrage.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

Women gained the right to vote, but there was no change of power.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

There was a 2009—10 “Green Revolution” in Iran, in which protestors deemed the election result to be rigged.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

But supporters of candidate Mousavi didn't get their way.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

There were months-long protests in Tunisia's Gafsa mining district in 2008.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

In Egypt, the working population protested since 2004.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

Egypt quashed a 2008 protest and strike through infiltration and the help of riot police.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

In this protest, the participants were young working and middle class.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

There were many protests in Algeria in 2008 and 2010.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

A Sahrawi protest camp was set up in Western Sahara in 2010, which was broken up and destroyed by Moroccan security forces.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

Arab Spring erupts in Tunisia The Tunisian revolution forced the country's longtime president, Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali, to leave the country [11] on January 14, 2011.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

[12] The uprising began with the incineration murder of Mohamed Bouazizi, a street vendor tired of corruption, on 17 December 2010.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

The root causes of the uprising were rising prices, middle-class dissatisfaction with the enrichment of the power elite, lack of political empowerment [13], and unemployment.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

[14] Communication of information, including the internet and Al Jazeera TV channel helped organise the protests.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

Different attitudes of governments The government response to popular protests and riots varied from country to country.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

In some countries the government fell straight away or agreed to negotiations, in some countries it used violence to break up protests.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

The Arab Spring has often been compared to the fall of communism in Eastern Europe in 1989, but many observers (Jean-Marie Guéhenno, for example) see considerable differences in the revolutions.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

The Arab Spring also draws comparisons to the Iranian revolution, in which fundamentalists led by Ayatollah Khomeini plunged the Shah from power and established an Islamic republic.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

[15] Spread of insurgency When the Tunisian government fell in January 2011, observers predicted a successful uprising would embolden opposition in other Arab countries and spark long-standing unrest in the Middle East.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

[16] This was because other Arab countries were experiencing the same problems as Tunisia.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

[17] Protests inspired by the Tunisian revolution spread almost throughout the Arab world.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

In many Arab countries, authoritarian rule had prevented the development of society and the economy.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

Protests in Algeria began as early as the end of, [18] and by January the Arab Spring had spread to countries such as Lebanon and Yemen.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

The Arab Spring in Egypt Egypt's uprising began on 25 January 2011 when people opposed to the regime gathered in Cairo's Tahrir Square for the first time to demonstrate against the exclusivity.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

[19] The protests led to a rapid change of power when, after 18 days of protests, the country's President Hosni Mubarak was forced to resign.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

[20] The army elevated an interim president to power and promised free elections.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

The Islamists won the presidential and parliamentary elections.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

The new president, Mohammed Mursi, had come from the Muslim Brotherhood.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

Mursi's administration attracted widespread opposition because of the economy's continued lows and an attempt at Islamisation.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

The military and the administration clashed over the fact that Mursi had filled parliament in violation of the constitution.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

Mursi agreed to dissolve parliament.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

Mursi's opponents staged gigantic demonstrations, perhaps even with the support of the military.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

The military demanded Mursi agree to the opposition's demand that representatives of non-Islamic parties should be admitted into the government.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

Mursi did not agree to the demands until the last few minutes.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

Thus, on July 3, 2013, Mursi was ousted by the army to silence the protests.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

The military sought to prevent, with arrests, the activities of the Muslim Brotherhood.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

That, in turn, heralded further unrest between Islamists and more secular elements.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

[21] There were outbreaks of violence between Mursi's backers and opponents, [22].


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

The interim president had been held since the summer of 2013 by the military-backed Adli Mansur.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

The Muslim Brotherhood tried in protest to reinstate Mursi as president.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

Police and army quashed Muslim Brotherhood protests, killing, arresting and sentencing to death many of the movement's leaders.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

After the Muslim Brotherhood ban, there was unrest between supporters and opponents of the movement.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

In 2014, General Abdel Fattah al-Sisi, who seized power, won the presidential election.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

Unrest in Libya, Yemen and Algeria in Libya, the situation drifted into civil war and eventually the apprehension and killing of Muammar Gaddafi.


Question: When were the Arabs unified?

Arab Spring

[23] As of January 2011, unrest in Syria and Yemen continued throughout the year.