Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Thirty-five air force planes bombed the Germans.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

They dropped about 400 bombs, or 23 tons of explosives.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

One aircraft, BL-198, was destroyed — it caught fire from anti-aircraft fire fired by the Germans.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Its crew were saved by parachutes - two of the three crew members were captured by the Germans.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

On October 3, eighteen Finnish Air Force Brewster fighters sheltered ships in the Kemi and Tornio area.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

A dozen Morane-Saulnier fighter jets made reconnaissance flights.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

On October 4, due to bad weather, Finnish planes were unable to take off from their home fields.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

In Kemi, the weather was better and this enabled the Stuka squadron of the Germans to bombard the landing forces emerging at Röyttä harbour.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The bombardment caused severe losses: two ships were sunk and harbour piers were damaged.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

On 5 October, ten Brewster fighter jets flew reconnaissance flights.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

One Blenheim bomber, a BL-190, was lost on a reconnaissance flight: damage caused to it by anti-aircraft fire stopped both engines of the aircraft.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

In the forced landing, the plane was badly damaged, two crew members were injured and one was killed.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Aviation writer Pauli Hirvonen wrote a novel about this incident in the 1960s.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

On 6 October, orders were made for Air Force transfers: Bombardment Air Squadron 42 moved to Paltamo by the end of October.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Bombardment Air Squadron 48 was moved from Vesivehmaa to Vaala.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

* The Brewsters of Fighter Aircraft Squadron 26 were transferred to Pudasjärvi.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Bombardment Air Squadron 6 partially moved to Vaasa, where the intention was to make war flights to the Lapland Front.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The long distance prevented flights and they were abandoned.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The squadron eventually relocated to Luonetjärvi, without participating in the Lapland War.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The headquarters of LeR 2 became the headquarters of LeR Sarko, it moved to Oulu on 6 October.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

On October 6, twelve Finnish bombers struck the Aapajoki bridges.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

According to Pajar, German evening interceptors shot down one of the Junkers, Pauli Hirvonen says (referring to the same machine thermo) the JK-260 got lost in the night and made an emergency landing in the water after the fuel ended, causing the plane to sink.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Only the pilot of the plane was saved, the other three crew members drowned.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Another bomber strayed on return and made an emergency landing 100 kilometres south of Leningrad.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

With fourteen Junkers Ju 87 Stukas, the Germans bombed Tornio.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

At this point, the units participating in the Lapland War and their commanders were Air Regiment 2, Colonel R. Harju-Jeanty, Staff at Joensuu Reconnaissance Air Squadron 14, Major K. Kurimo, Vaala.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

7 MS Vaala, Rissala 2 LY connection machines.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The 5 FR who were in Rissala did not participate in the Lapland War.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Fighter Aircraft Squadron 26, Major E. Metsola, 10 BW and 3 FK at Vaala.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The 8 IT fighters in Ottola took no part in the Lapland war.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Fighter Fighter Squadron 28, Major Per-Erik Sovelius, at Paltamo with 8 MSV fighters.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The 10MT of Hollow did not participate in the Lapland War.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Air Regiment 3's Fighter Fighter Squadron 34, with Major E. Luukkanen as commander, was under Sarko's command.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

It had 20 MT at Selänend and 10 in Taipalsaari.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The squadron did not participate in the maneuvers.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Air Regiment 4, Lieutenant Colonel B. Gabrielsson, Staff at Luonetjärvi.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Bombardment Air Squadron 42, Major K. Kepsu, 14 BL Bombardment Air Squadron 44 at Paltamo, Major T. Meller, at Rissala 11 JK Bombardment Air Squadron 46, Captain P. Pesola, at Luonetjärvi 4 BL, 3 DN, 5 DB, 2 DF, 2 SB.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Bombardment Air Squadron 48, Major E. Astiainen, 6 BL at Paltamo, which moved on 7 October to Vaala.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

On October 7, there was almost no airworthy weather.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Fifteen BLs took off on a bombing flight, but the flight was aborted.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The section Jauri and its water machinery were subjected to the LeR Sarko.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

On 8 October, the Air Force bombed during the morning and afternoon the German columns.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

A total of 44 planes took part in the strikes, in which 366 bombs, or 30 tons of explosives, were dropped.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The Kemi airfield was brought into the hands of the Finns, but the field was destroyed by the Germans.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

It was quickly refurbished and was in use by 18 October.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The Luftwaffe retreated to bases along the coast of the Arctic Ocean.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

October 9 was not flown due to bad weather.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

On October 10, 23 bombers struck in the Ranua and Rovaniemi region: they dropped 250 bombs, 16 tons.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

One Junkers, JK-256, was lost [35] to anti-aircraft fire and, according to [36], by a German fighter.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Three crew members were killed in the plane's emergency landing, one of whom died already on landing, two of those trapped in the plane burned to death.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The lookout survived badly burned.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

On 11 October, a Blenheim bomber BL-180 was destroyed by fire from anti-aircraft guns and all its crew killed.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

According to Hyvöse [37], this aircraft was destroyed during a school flight.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

12—14 p.m.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

On October, the weather was miserable.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Reconnaissance flights reported that the Germans had destroyed the airfields of Rovaniemi and Kemijärvi.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

On 15 October, the Brewster fighter BW-386 made a forced landing due to anti-aircraft fire.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The pilot was badly injured.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

[37] fails to mention this.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Junker bomber JK-263 was badly damaged by it fire.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Two crew members were injured, two died in a parachute jump.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

On 18 October, 40 flights were made: 17 Blenheim planes bombed the Germans.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

One Blenheim was lost to anti-aircraft and one Blenheim, BL-156, made a gastric landing at Kemi according to Pajar [35].


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

According to Pauli Hirvonen [36], anti-aircraft fire took a full hit on it and the plane crashed.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

According to Hyvöse [37], this aircraft crashed exploding.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The entire crew of the plane died.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

On the same day, two destroyers, BW-379 and BW-357, with their pilots were destroyed.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

On 21 October, a bombing raid was carried out with a force of ten planes


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

On 22 October, a DB-16 bomber was badly damaged — both its engines were hit by German anti-aircraft fire.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

However, the crew of the aircraft were saved.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

October was too bad weather for flying.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

On 23 October, a Fokker reconnaissance aircraft, an FK-104, was shot down at Kittilä and its crew killed.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

On October 24, a Brewster fighter, a BW-355, caught fire from anti-aircraft combat, the pilot of the plane was saved by jumping.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

PleV 42 moved its BL bombers from Paltamo to Rovaniemi, three DB bombers from Luonetjärvi to Kemi, and six MY fighters from Jorois to Kemi.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

On October 25, the SB-8 fell into the water after takeoff, the pilot was saved, the electrician drowned.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

[37] On 26 October, eight bombers dropped 70 bombs, or 11.5 tons of explosives.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

On 27 October, 22 bombers attempted to attack, but the flight was aborted due to bad weather.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

At the end of October, radio directors were received to Kemi and Rissala.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

On 31 October, the strength of the Air Force was (strength under the peace treaty) 870 officers (300) 2833 sub-officers (845) 2823 crew (400) for a total of 6126 men (1548) On this occasion, the elders were retired from the permanent staff.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The Lapland War was affected by the loss of reservists from bomber, machine gunner, radist and navigator duties.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Newly trained air reserve officers were often served as bombers, which resulted in poor bombing results.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

October was the most active month of the war, probably intended to show the Soviet Union that it is not a gentleman's war.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

November As autumn progressed, the days got shorter.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

There were more and more rainy, overcast days.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Fields that were not asphalted softened.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Some of them became completely unusable, not least for bombers, but also for heavy fighters (Me 109).


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The wood-built VL Storm fighters suffered from outside storage, their plywood surface texture cupruded, there was additional friction to the moving parts.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

In November, Muonio had seven hours of bright days to date.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

On December 6, a month-long night began there.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Air Squadrons 14 and 48 were disbanded in November when the strength of the armed forces was reduced to that under the Intermediate Peace Agreement.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

On 1 November, the division of airspace came into effect: the western half of the line Kämppi-Ivalo-Karasjoki belonged to the Finnish Air Force and the eastern half to the Soviet Union.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

On 2 November, nine Air Force bombers attempted an attack, but only one completed the mission, the others aborted.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

On 11 November, reconnaissance flights were made.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

1:11 p.m.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Storm MY-25 made an emergency landing after being damaged by evening interceptor fire.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The pilot was saved, but the plane was destroyed.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

On 16 November, 16 Air Force bombers dropped 133 bombs, or 12 tons.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

On 17 November, 19 Air Force bombers dropped 162 bombs, or 15 tons.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

On 18 November, the Air Force carried out a bombing raid with seven bombers.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

One Brewster fighter, a BW-370, was damaged in a forced landing caused by a hit by German anti-aircraft fire.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

On 19 November, the Air Force carried out a bombing raid with three bombers.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

20—22 p.m.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

November prevailed too bad weather in terms of flying.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

At the end of November, Air Force forces were concentrated at Kem


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Sarko's HQ moved there in early November.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

On November 21, Lieutenant Colonel B. Gabrielsson, commander of LeR 4, came to lead the air war effort in northern Finland.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Department Jauri was disbanded in December.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The war effort subsided after this change.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

On 23 November, the Air Force carried out a bombing raid with a force of 16 planes.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

On 25 November, Kemi had the following aircraft fleet: TleLv 14 — 9 mSv fighters and 2 LY liaison aircraft HleLV 26 — 4 BW and 5 MY fighters, 1 FK reconnaissance aircraft PleV 42 — 7 BL bombers PleLV 44 — 6 BL bombers PlelV 46 — 2 DN, 1 DB, 2 DFM 3 BL, 1 SB bombers PlelV 48 — 10 BL Detachment Jauri — 1 DO bomber in Naarajärvi had six BL bombers and eight BL bombers in Luonet Lake.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

November was critical in foreign policy because the terms of one of the intermediate peace were at a checkpoint.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

December 5 was the demobilization of the Finnish Defence Forces complete.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The male strength corresponded to the situation on 1 January 1939.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Some of the conscripts of the Class 1924 and the conscripts of the Class of 1925 remained in service.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

16—31 a.m.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

On December, the Air Force made flights on only six days: 25 planes made bombing flights.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

January -45 10 January 1945 Headquarters ordered intensification of operations, including air operations, from 1 March.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The reason was that the Soviet Union had demanded further action from Finland against German Lapland forces.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

In January, the Air Force flew in Lapland on thirteen days.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

February February was junk clearance time with only three flying days in service at the end of the month.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

March March was flown on eight days.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

April A couple of reconnaissance flights were made in April


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The last war flight in the history of the Finnish Air Force was made on 4 April 1945: Bombardment Air Squadron 43 DO-55 with Captain Jorma Turpeinen as instructor and Captain Georg Erik Strömberg made an aerial photography flight in the Säivi area of Ala- Kilpisjärvi, Levävuopio, Peerajärvi - Siilusvaara, Rukahoaivi, Ailakkavaara, Ala-Kilpisijärvi.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

In good weather, footage was filmed over a period of 55 minutes from an altitude of 5000 metres with the flight lasting from 12.30pm to 4pm.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

[38] On 25 April 1945, the Germans had disembarked for Norway.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Losses in the Lapland War use of the air-gun were minimal on both sides.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Bad flight weather also reduced the number of operations.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The Finnish Air Force suffered losses in particular from bombing flights due to German Luftwaffe machinery and anti-aircraft operations.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

By the end of the Lapland War on 25 April 1945, the Air Force had made 700 war flights, one in five of which was aborted due to weather or other reasons.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The bombings dropped 220 tons of explosives on targets, but the results were not good.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The Air Force lost eight bombers, seven fighter aircraft and two reconnaissance aircraft in the war, but often without an enemy aerial victory.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Nineteen airmen were killed and nine wounded.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The whole war was referred to in aviator circles as “Red October”, October being the heaviest of the months of the war.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Famous Finnish war pilots Finnish fighter pilots achieved aerial victories in the same numbers as German and Japanese pilots.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The reason was the same - long service time on the front, sufficient enemy air operations and a sufficiently efficient fleet of aircraft.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Finland's leading fighter aces were: Ilmari Juutilainen Jorma Karhunen Eino Luukkanen Lauri Pekuri Jorma Sarvanto Hans Wind Bombing pilots and reconnaissance pilots, among others Aimo Juhola Test pilots - see.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Test pilot.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Military airfields of World War II The main air bases were Luonetjärvi, now.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Jyväskylä, also the Air Force Staff site Utti Rissala Onttola Vesivehmaa Räyskälä, an auxiliary field cleared in the summer of 1940 and was not used for the war effort.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Kymi Airport Karhula Malmi Airport Turku Oulu Immola Joroinen Lappeenranta Selänpää Work fields by the front were numerous.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Operations after the war After the Armistice, the Allied Control Commission kept the Finnish Air Force under flight ban until 1946, except for air operations related to the Lapland War.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Bombers and missiles with internal hangers were prohibited by the Paris Peace Agreement, the number of fighter jets was also limited to 60 planes, although the ban was virtually not enforced.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The 1950s the Finnish Air Force began the 1950s by flying almost exhausted Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighter jets.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The Soviet Union had then moved, among other things, with the introduction of the MiG-15 fighter into the jet era.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Born in 1949, NATO used Sabre fighter jets in Western Europe.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Sweden had introduced its first jet fighters, most notably the annual production of Saab Tunnan at that time was hundreds of pieces.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The equipping of the Swedish Air Force prevented Nordic gliding into a military vacuum in terms of the air-gun.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Also, the bombers were increasingly jets.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The ability of the Finnish Air Force “Mercedes” to reach them or fight jet fighters was not credible.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Around this time the Cold War intensified across the world and Europe was among others the Hungarian Uprising of 1956.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The reequipping of West Germany increased the Soviet outfitting.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The availability of jet fighters to neutral countries was limited because the high-performance machines were unwanted to be sold to countries outside the military alliances.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

In addition, the Finnish state's foreign currency reserves were small.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Therefore, efforts were made to buy cheap machines.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The purchases targeted NATO countries in part at a time when the Allied Control Commission was still supervising Finland's operations.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Around this time, the Soviet Union was apparently not even willing to sell its jet fighters to Finland.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

De Havilland D.H.100 Vampire Mk.52 fighters had six pieces in service in Finland between 1954 and 1965.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The machines were sourced from England.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

It was the first jet fighter of the Finnish Air Force.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

There were nine pieces of De Havilland D.H.115 Vampire Trainer Mk.55 training destroyers in service between 1953 and 1965.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The Folland Gnat Mk.1 was 1958's first Air Force plane that, admittedly in a gentle glide, exceeded the speed of sound.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Thirteen pieces of them were acquired.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The machines were used from 1958 to 1974.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

For this machine, the issue of license manufacturing was initially considered.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

This was not acted upon, however, as the Gnat, developed specifically for export by England, was soon found to be low-powered and requiring much repairs and maintenance as a fighter aircraft.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Fouga CM170 Magister jet training fighters were purchased from France in 1958.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Machines were purchased and manufactured under licence in 80 pieces.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

They were in use for the period 1958—1988.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Over a 30-year period, it trained all Air Force flight officers and actor-officer instructors as fighter pilots.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

License manufacturing was the salvation of the Finnish aircraft industry at a time when its own machinery design ended for decades.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Procurement of transport machinery was minimal.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Their procurement and use of machinery involved cooperation between the Finnish Air Force, state institutions and state companies.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

There were three De Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver planes in service from 1958 to 1971.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Hunting Percival Pembroke C.Mk.53 machines were acquired in two pieces from England.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

These operated from 1956 to 1968, among other things, as aerial photography aircraft.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

As for school aircraft, the construction of Valmet Vihuri was significant both for the State Aircraft Plant for employment reasons and for the Finnish Air Force, which in the 1950s flew mainly Messerschmitt Bf 109 and Vihuri planes.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Vihuri was sufficiently fighter-like to maintain the flying skill of fighter pilots.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Vihuri's numerous accidents were partly caused by a large number of flying hours and partly due to impaired flight discipline (machines were 'cracked' because experienced pilots did not have high performance machines) and partly due to engine ageing.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Valmet Tuuli missed out on the prototype when it was found that the Swedish Saab Safir is a much cheaper school plane.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The SAAB 17A was a reconnaissance aircraft acquired from Sweden.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Two aircraft were in paint towing service from 1959 to 1961.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The acquisition may have been related to the Saab Safir trade, as the Saab 17 was completely obsolete as a type.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The Saab 91D Safir elementary training aircraft which was in service 1958—1982.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Thirty-six aircraft were acquired and all Finnish Air Force pilots were trained for 25 years.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Valmet Tuuli II was a prototype of the school aircraft completed in 1951.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Valmet Wind III.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Between 1957 and 1959, only one prototype of this aircraft was built.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The machine competed for the role of primary school aircraft, but was much more expensive than the Saab Safir.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

This was the last military aircraft designed in Finland before the Valmet Vinka of the 1970s.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Valmet Vihuria was built in a different version (I, II, III): It was an advanced training aircraft.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Fifty-one pieces were built between 1951 and 1959.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The plane was based on the VL Cyclone wing and Bristol Blenheim star engines.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The latter saved a large sum of foreign currency.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

One Beechcraft D17S aircraft was the liaison aircraft from 1950 to 1958.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

1960s In fighter aircraft, Finland reached the level of other countries through the acquisition of MiG-21 aircraft.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

These planes transitioned to air-to-air missile armament.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The machinery fleet became Russified, apparently due to countertrade based trading.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

As Western Europe emerged from the knocks of World War II, it was equipped as a counterpart to Soviet equipping, which had not been driven downward as in Western Europe by the end of the war.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

NATO countries used the Lockheed F-104 Starfighter and McDonnell F-4 Phantom as both fighter jets and bombers.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Sweden switched to the use of the Draken.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Equipment racing was more clearly seen than in the 1950s.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The MiG-15UTI “Mukelo” was a two-seat training fighter aircraft, of which there were four pieces in service between 1962 and 1977.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The MiG-21F-13 interceptor was acquired in 1963.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

There were 22 songs.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The final flights of the F-13 version were made in 1982 and stricken from the Air Force register in 1986.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The MiG-21U was a two-seat training aircraft of which there were only two pieces in service.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The MiG-21UM was another two-seat training aircraft, of which there were four pieces in service.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The Gnat was practically the second of the Finnish Air Force fighter aircraft throughout the 1960s.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

It was visible in accidents: The first Gnat (GN-102) was destroyed on 26 August 1958 when the landing gear failed to emerge in preparation for landing.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The pilot got it forced out, but this action caused a drop in hydraulic pressure.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The plane crashed on its back to the runway and caught ablaze.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The pilot was badly injured.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

This was part of the history of not leaving for licence manufacturing of Gnat.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

GN-109 crashed on takeoff on 8 May 1962 and exploded, killing the pilot.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Pilot error was considered to be the cause, but this in turn was due to difficulties with the Gnat control system.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The GN-108, due to a focus problem, entered a tailspin where the aircraft was destroyed on impact.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The pilot was saved by an ejection seat.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The focus problem was caused by a failed transfer of fuel from the additional tanks to the main tanks.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The GN-111 got into an outside loop and crashed in backflight to the ground, completely destroyed on 6 September 1968.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The pilot was saved thanks to the ejection seat.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The plane's control went haywire during the transition from mechanical control to joint control of the electric motor and hydraulic pump, which was a design flaw but was unaware of by the pilots.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

In the early 1960s, the Air Force took over helicopters: the Agusta Bell 206A helicopter (1968-1979, 1 piece) Mil Mi-4 (1961-1979, 3 pieces) helicopter.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Sud-Aviation S.E.3130 Alouette II 313B helicopter (1966-1975, 2 pieces) Transport aircraft DC-3 was acquired for paratroopers, as well as for other transport needs.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The Soviet bomber Il-28 was acquired as a reconnaissance aircraft and used specifically for target towing in aerial shooting.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Douglas DC-3 transport aircraft or C-47 (1960—1984, nine pieces) Iljušin Il-28 (paint towing, maritime surveillance, reconnaissance; 1960—1981; 4 pieces) The garrison in Luonetjärvi grew, among other things, with the establishment of a relay test facility.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

A Main Command Centre for Aerial Surveillance and Fighter Intervention (Main Joke) was established in each of these flights.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The 1970s saw significant modernization of the Air Force's main weapons, fighter aircraft.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

In the Swedish Air Force, Saab AJ-37 Viggen fighters receding from the way of Saab AJ-37 Viggen fighters were acquired from Sweden in several batches.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Twelve Drakken were assembled in Finland at the Valmet Aeroplane Industrial factory.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Control of Lapland airspace was a new emphasis in Air Force operations.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Lapland had been little defended in World War II - according to tradition, the Oulus equipped a “commercial fighter pilot” in defence of their city.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The threat of NATO experienced by the Soviet Union from Norway and the Norwegian Sea probably put pressure on Finland to ensure that its own airspace remains its own.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

At this point, flying turned into all-weather flying.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

For example, Drake's DK-219 was flown for 25 years, during which time 3700 flights were made and 2200 hours were flown.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

150 flights were flown on this plane and 100 hours each year, that is, on average, a 40-minute flight was made.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The MiG-21bis was a similar modernization made in MiG fighters.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The machine had more fuel and thus increased its operating time.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The plane was also an all-weather fighter.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Aerial combat tactics began to be learned in MiG flying, previously enlisted pilots had, among other things, flown planes mainly hard and straight.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Machines were increasingly equipped as reconnaissance aircraft.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Fighter aircraft acquired in the 1970s were: Saab J 35B Draken fighter aircraft were acquired in Finland with six first leased and subsequently purchased J 35B versions of Flygvärnet in 1972.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Saab J 35C Draken (three two-seat J 35Cs 1976 and two refurbished J 35 Cs 1984) Saab J 35F Draken (six renovated all-weather fighters 1977- and 18 refurbished J 35F 1984—) Saab J 35S Draken (12 J 35S assembled in Finland 1974—1975 for Häme flight) MiG-21bis (1978— 1978— 1998; 26 pcs) Other machinery acquired were connection machines: Britten-Norman BN-2A Islander (1974—1975, 1 pc) Cessna 402B Businessliner (1975—1984, 2 pcs) Piper PA-28R-200 Cherokee Arrow II and PA-28RT-201 Arrow IV (1974—, 6 pcs) Piper PA-31 Navajo and PA-31-350 Chieftain (1974—6 pcs) 4—1975, 6 pcs) Helicopter acquisition targeted a couple of types and more individuals: Hughes 369HS, 369HM and 369D (500C and 500D) helicopters (1975—) Mil Mi-8P and Mil Mi-8PT helicopters were purchased in 1973 with nine pieces.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The Air Force Staff moved from Helsinki to Tikakoski in 1973.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The 1980s were a time of major arms sales in Finnish military aviation.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Valmet received permission to build a Finnish elementary training machine, Vinka.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Finland bought a Hawk training fighter from England, which was the subject of left-right debate in the press.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

There was also plenty of public debate about its so-called counterdealings.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

30 Vinka and 50 Hawks have been trained by Finnish Air Force pilots for the past 25 years.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Both school aircraft still remain in service until the 2010s.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The Valmet aircraft industry developed the TurboVinha or Redigo advanced training aircraft, whose test and demonstration flights destroyed two aircraft and killed three pilots.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The plane was left by the company as the last entire aircraft development project.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Towards the end of that decade, the Soviet Union apparently sought to have a Finnish fighter pilot cosmonaut, but the threat of Finnization was perceived to be excessive.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

MiG-21bis machines and Draken machines were in use throughout the decade.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The spread spectrum radio link from the Finnish data bus solution developed for them later became available in mobile phones.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Decade aircraft acquisitions Fokker F.27 Friendship (1980—, 3 pcs) transport and elso aircraft Valmet Vinka (1980-201X, 30 pcs) elementary school aircraft British Aerospace Hawk Mk.51 (1980—, 50 pcs) training fighter Learjet 35A (1982-, 3 pcs) liaison and aerial photography Fighter Squadron 21 relocated to Pirkkala, Tampere.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

1990s In the fighter aircraft trade, the number of manufacturers and products declined in the 1960s.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The habit became, in NATO's McDonnell F4 Phantom of the 1960s and Genral Dynamics F-16 stores of the 1970s, that major arms deals take place once in a few decades and target one type of plane.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

By the early 1990s, both the Draken and MiG-21BIS fleet were aged.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The situation was similar to that in Austria and Switzerland, where obsolete fleet was flown.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

At the start of the tender, media speculated that one of the aircraft types to be selected for Finland would be the Soviet-made twin-engine MiG-29 and the Western aircraft nominated were the single-engined Swedish Saab JAS 39 Gripen (which was not fully in production capacity and the Swedish Air Force in flight test grade), the French Mirage 2000 and the US-based General Dynamics' F-16.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

With the dissolution of the Soviet Union (1991), Finland also pruned the machine types together.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

From the early 1960s, the rebalancing with eastern and western procurement ceased and Finland switched entirely to a Western fixed-wing aircraft fleet.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

A twin-engined US F/A-18 Hornet was selected from outside the original tender as an interceptor.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

Its introduction pruned by becoming fighter pilots all over 30 years of age and all acting officer instructors.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

This created a so-called pilot exodus to Finnair and others airlines, inspired by the media.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The technical language of the Air Force changed from Finnish to English.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

In 1999, the helicopters were transferred from the Air Force to the Ground Forces.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The 2000s McDonnell Douglas (now Boeing) F-18 Hornet (64 pieces) The name changes of the Air Force Signal School, Air War School and Air Depot were implemented.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The reconnaissance air squadron's activities as an independent troop division came to an end.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The 2010s Organizational Reform of the Air Force Materials Department took place on January 1, 2010.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

As part of the Defence Force Reform, the flight lifts were reorganized as well as the 3rd Main Command Centre, Air War School and Air Force Technical School were disbanded.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

The instructor and mechanic training at the Air War School and the Technical School continues in Tikkakoski as part of the Ilmaotaschool.


Question: When was Finland's first aircraft completed?

History of the Finnish Air Force

See also Finnish Air Force fighter procurement, which describes the procurement of fighter aircraft since 1918 Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Haapanen, Atso| title = Finnish Air Force fighter purchases 1918—1945| location = Helsinki| publisher = Koala| year = 2002| id = ISBN 952-5186-16-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Heinonen, Timo| title = Thulin to Hornet — 75 years of Finnish Air Force airplanes| location = Tikkakoski | publisher = Central Finland Aviation Museo| year = 1992| id = ISBN 951-95688-2-4}} error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hyvönen, Jaakko| title = Fateful Flights 1939-1944| publisher = Apali| year = 2001}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Keskinen, Kalevi; Partonen, Kyösti; Stenman, Kari| title = Finnish Air Force I 1918—27| location = Espoo| publisher = Kari stenman| year = 2005| id = ISBN 952-99432-2-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Keskinen, Kalevi; Partonen, Kyösti; Stenman, Kari| title = Finnish Air Force II 1928—40| location = Espoo| publisher = Kari Stenman| year = 2006| id = ISBN 952-95| 99743-0-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Keskinen, Kalevi; Stenman, Kari| title = Air Force in Winter War| location = Espoo| publisher = Noteos| year = 1989| id = ISBN 951-9035-92-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Keskinen, Kalevi; Stenman, Kari| title = Air Force post war| location = Tampere| publisher = Apali| year = 1999| id = ISBN 952-5026-14-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Laukkanen, Jyrki| title = Finnish Air Force 90 year| location = Tampere| publisher = Apali| year = 2008| id = ISBN 978-952-5026-5026-5026-5026-952-5026-5026-9526-5026-5026-5026-5026-5026-5026-5026-5026-5026-5026-1-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lukkarinen, Vilho; Spleen, Brother| title = Finnish Air Force 1944—1980| location = Tampere| publisher = Air Force Guild Association ry| year = 2008| id = ISBN 978-951-98226-4-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Nikunen, Heikki| title = Richard Lorenz — Finland fighter aviation| location = Hämeenlinna| publisher = Karisto| year = 2005| id = ISBN 952-5026-49-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Pajari, Risto| title = Winter War in air| location = Porvoo| publisher = WSOY| year = 1971}} Citation error, replace with {cite book| author = Pajari, Risto| title = Continuation War in the air| location = Porvoo| publisher = WSOY| year = 1982| id = ISBN 951-0-11412-X}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ruin, Jukka| title = Pilot's Perspective II| location = Forssa| publisher = Jukka Ruin| year = Jukka Ruin| year = 1993| id = ISBN 951- 96866-0-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ruin, Jukka| title = History of the State Aircraft Factory — Part 1: Pioneer Years 1921—1932| location = Hall| publisher = Jukka Ruunio| year = 2005| id = ISBN 978-951-96866-8-4}} Citation error, replace with error {cite book| author = Ruunio, Jukka| title = History of the State Aircraft Factory — Part 2: Tampere and the wars 1933—1944| location = Halli| publisher = Jukka Raunio| year = 2007| id = ISBN 978-951-96866-8-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Saarinen, Ahti| title = Air Force operations in Finland 1918 1920| location = Lahti| publisher = Ahti Saarinen| year = 2002| id = ISBN 951-98755-5-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Uola, Mikko | title = Finnish Air Force 1918—1939| location = Hämeenlinna| publisher = Karisto| year = 1975| id = ISBN 951-951-95| 0890-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Valtonen, Hannu| title = Northern Air War — Finnish military action from autumn 1944 to spring 1945| location = Jyväskylä | publisher = Central Finland Aviation Museo| year = 1996| id = ISBN 951-95688-4-0}} References on the topic elsewhere * Category:Finnish air forces of the Winter War Category:Finnish air forces of the Continuation War


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

The French Republic (), or France (), is a state in Western Europe.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

France has an area of, and has a population of about, when including overseas territories as well.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

The European core region of France, referred to by the term France métropolitaine, is located in a temperate climatic zone with the exception of the very southernmost region where a Mediterranean climate prevails.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[1] European France has an area of, making it the third largest state on its continent after Russia and Ukraine.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

The present French state is considered to have arisen in 843, when the grandsons of Charles the Great divided the Frankish kingdom between themselves by the Treaty of Verdun.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Thus three kingdoms emerged, the westernmost of which, West Frankia, roughly covered the territory of present-day mainland France.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

In West Frankia, Hugo Capet came to power in 987.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

His descendants include all the kings of France, or the capetings, including the Valois and the Bourbons who were offshoots of the family [2].


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

France is a member of the United Nations, a founding member of the European Union and a permanent member of the UN Security Council.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

It's also a nuclear power.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

The Constitution of the French Fifth Republic was adopted in 1958, since which time the country has been a semi-presidential republic.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

France is not only an industrialized country, but also Europe's most important agricultural country, and has become known for the wines it makes.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[3] [4] It is also the most popular tourist destination in the world: in 2007, more than 80 million tourists visited the country.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[5] [6] French is the most common and only official language in the country.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Minority languages such as Breton and Basque are allowed to be taught at the school as optional subjects.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

The biggest religion is Christianity, but France is a highly secular state and the country is home to a lot of non-religious people and atheists.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

The second largest religion in France is Islam.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Among France's cultural destinations are the Louvre Museum of Art, the Eiffel Tower, the Pompidou Centre and the Palace of Versailles.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Fine art in France flourished, especially during Impressionism, and at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries Paris became the centre of the art world.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Established on the initiative of the Frenchman Pierre de Coubertin, the modern Olympic Games have been held in France five times.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Geography France is located in Western Europe in an area stretching from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

It is bordered to the north by the English Channel, to the west by the Bay of Biscay, to the south by the Pyrenees and the Mediterranean Sea, and to the east by the Alps, the Jura Mountains and the Rhine.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Neighbouring states include Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Spain, Andorra and Monaco.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Mainland France also includes the island of Corsica () in the Mediterranean Sea.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

France covers an area of 551500 square kilometers, and of coastline it has.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[1] France also includes overseas administrative territories, the largest of which is French Guiana (French.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

la Guyane française) on the southern coast of the Caribbean Sea.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

In addition, the administrative regions include the island group of New Caledonia (la Nouvelle-Calédonie), French Polynesia (French.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

la Polynésie française) and numerous other small islands and atolls around the world.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

The combined area of the Overseas Territories is 91927 square kilometers.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[1] Thus, the total area of the state is 643801 square kilometers.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Of this area, the body of water is 3374km².


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

There are 4853 kilometers of coastline in the state.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[1] Surface forms France's highest point, Mont Blanc (4810 meters), is located in the Alps on the Franco-Italian border.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[7] Mont Blanc is, depending on the point of view, the highest point in Europe [8] or at least belongs to the five highest [9].


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

The shallowest point in France is a point two metres below the surface of the sea in the delta of the Rhône River.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[7] Most of mainland France is lowland.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

The Netherlands stretches from the Belgian and German borders to Brittany and thence up to the coast, curving into the Rhône estuary.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

In addition to the Rhône, the estuaries of France's main rivers, the Seine, Loire and Garonne, lie in the lowlands.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[8] The lowlands are good farmland, for it is flat and fertile.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Most of it has been taken up for farming.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[10] In the central and southern parts of mainland France lies the Central Highlands (French.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

le Massif Central), covering approximately one-sixth of the country's surface area.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

A high and dry limestone plateau lies in the southern parts of the Central Highlands, but extensive mountain ranges have emerged from youthful and worn-out volcanoes in the northwest, and stubborn granite massifs in the southeast form a steep wall along the valleys of the Rhône and Saône rivers.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

The highest point in the Central Highlands is the 1885 metre-high Puy de Sancy.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[10] The Central Highlands are bisected by several river passages.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

The Rhône valley is among the largest, separating the Central Highlands from the Alps.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

The Alps dominate the landscape of south-eastern France and form a natural border with Italy.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

North of the Alps are the high limestone Jura Mountains separating Switzerland and France.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

The Jura Mountains are bisected by the Rhône, which flows from Lake Geneva towards Lyon.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Other mountainous areas include the Pyrenees in the south, on the border with Spain and Andorra, and the forested Vogees on the edge of the Rhine valley.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[11] Climate Mainland France is located in the temperate zone except for the very southernmost part where a Mediterranean climate prevails.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Although rainfall in northern and southern France is about the same, northern France is in a belt of westerly winds and it rains steadily throughout the year.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

In the south of France, almost all the rain is brought in the cool winter time.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[12] In northern France, as for example in Brest, the average lowest temperature of the coldest month is about four degrees and the warmest has an average highest of about.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

In the south, Nice, the average lowest temperature of the coldest month is around five degrees and the warmest average highest is about.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[13] Vegetation Northern France, north of Paris belongs to a deciduous forest zone with an Atlantic climate.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

The natural vegetation in the area is mixed forest formed by beech and winter water, which values the marine climate.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

European yew and ivy also characterize the natural vegetation of northern France.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

In central France, as in the Bordeaux region, natural vegetation is, like northern France, deciduous forest for winter, but mediterranean features are also visible in the vegetation, with temperate deciduous forest features.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

On the Mediterranean coast, vegetation differs dramatically from the rest of France, hence the typical always-hated Mediterranean vegetation, woodlands formed by cork oak and iron oak and macchia shrublands.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

However, the sea also grows few summer vegetables for the winter with trees stealing their leaves.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

In Corsica, on the other hand, summer vegetable trees are already completely absent.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Nature and Nature Conservation Even in the Stone Age French territory was entirely covered by forest, but the vast majority of forests have been cut down to make way for farming, and large areas of forest are no longer in mountainous and uncultivable areas.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

In the 20th century, coniferous forests have been planted in the land, and today it has about a quarter of its area.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[14] Large-sized land mammals living in France include wild boar, red deer, roe deer, wolf, fox, bear, badger, gems and mountain oats.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Dolphins live in the oceans.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[15] A total of 565 species of birds have been found in France.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[16] Among them are the target of special protection are the rye and small windhawk, as well as some birds of prey, such as vultures.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[17] Mainland France has six national parks: Vanoise National Park, Port-Cros National Park, Pyrenees National Park, Cévennes National Park, Ecrins National Park and Mercantour National Park.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

In addition, the overseas territories include the national parks of Guadeloupe, Réunion and French Guiana.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[18] History Early History Remnants of cultures from the early days of humanity have been found in French caves.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Both sides of the Pyrenees were inhabited in the Stone Age about 30,000 years ago by hunter-gatherer peoples, and around 4500 BCE.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

a village settlement began to emerge.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

The area was settled from the 5th century BCE.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Celtic peoples, which the Romans called Gauls.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[19] Present-day France covers most of ancient Gaul, conquered by Roman warlord Julius Caesar in 58—52 BCE.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[19] Middle Ages After the dissolution of the Roman Empire, the territory of France was part of the Frankish Empire, whose rulers were first the Merovings and later the Carolings.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

The most powerful ruler of the kingdom was Charles the Great, who in 800 was also crowned Roman Emperor.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[20] The French state can be considered to have arisen in 843, when the three grandsons of Charles the Great divided the kingdom between themselves by the Treaty of Verdun.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

The westernmost of the states thus born was West Frankia, with Charles the Bald as its ruler.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

After the Carolingians came to power in 987 Hugo Capet.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

His descendants include all the later kings of France, the Kapetings, also the Valois and the Bourbons who belonged to offshoots of the genus [2].


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Of the kingdoms established by the Treaty of Verdun, the middle one, the kingdom of Lothar, was short-lived and soon disintegrated into many principalities.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Some of them, including Burgundy, Provence, Franche-Comté, Alsace and Lorraine, were later annexed to France.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[21] Great Power period under Louis XIV (1638—1715), France was Europe's central superpower.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[22] After the French Revolution, France became a republic in 1792 and lasted until Napoléon Bonaparte's coup d'état.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Napoleon proclaimed himself emperor.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

After the defeat of the Revolutionary Wars and the expulsion of Napoleon, France became a Kingdom for the years 1814—1848.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

In 1830, the July Revolution broke out in which King Charles X was deposed, but the kingship was not abolished, but instead became the new king as a constitutional monarch by his distant relative Louis Philip.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[23] The foundation of French colonial rule was laid in the 17th century.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

France first captured territories from North America, the West Indies and South Asia.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

The actual colonial period began in the 19th century, when France established new colonies in Africa and Southeast Asia.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

At the end of the 19th century West Africa was almost entirely in its possession.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[24] In the “mad year of Europe” of 1848, Louis Philip was deposed in the February Revolution.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

France became a republic, and Napoleon's nephew Louis Napoleon was elected as its president.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

However, he proclaimed himself within a few years as emperor under the name Napoleon III.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

After the War against Prussia of 1870, France was again declared a republic.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[22] World Wars In World War I France fought on the side of the Circum-Powers and suffered great human and economic losses.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

In the 1920s, France garrisoned itself against Germany with an effective defensive system, the Maginot Line.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

In World War II, however, France soon lost to Germany and was forced to surrender in June 1940.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Under the armistice agreement, northern and western France were left occupied by Germany.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

The south of the country, Vichy France, was ruled by Marshal Pétain's government, but in practice it was a vassal state of Germany.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

In the final stages of the war, the Allies made the Normandy landings to France and the country was liberated.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[22] During World War II, France lost several of its colonies and no longer regained areas of Southeast Asia, for example, but gained independence.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

In Africa, the French colonies gained independence in the 1950s and 1960s, the last Algeria in 1962 at the end of a bloody war.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[25] From the colonial era, French possession still holds territories, mostly small islands, which are no longer referred to as colonies, but referred to as “overseas territories”.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[26] Present-day France After World War II, the war effort in Algeria and Indochina caused discontent, and government after government fell.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

A coup and civil war threatened until General Charles de Gaulle was summoned as president by Parliament in 1958.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[22] The constitution of the current French Fifth Republic was confirmed in 1958.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

In it, presidential prerogatives were raised to the same level with parliament, in what is known as the semi-presidential system.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Two periods of cohabitation have been experienced during the Fifth Republic, after the 1986 and 1997 elections, when the president and prime minister were from different parties.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

In such a situation, the prime minister's position is relatively strong, while the president is forced to seek support from the opposition.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[27] De Gaulle resigned in 1969 after his proposal for a constitutional amendment had lost a referendum.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

After him, the presidents of the Fifth Republic have served as Georges Pompidou (1969—1974), Valery Giscard d'Estaing (1974—1981), Francois Mitterrand (1981—1995), Jacques Chirac (1995—2007), Nicolas Sarkozy (2007—2012), Francois Hollande (2012—2017) and Emmanuel Macron (2017—).


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[22] The Algerian War ended with the country's independence in 1962, and gradually most colonies became independent, with the last Vanuatu in 1980.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[28] Economic growth from World War II to the years of the oil crisis of the 1970s (Trente Glorieuses) was at record strength.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[29] The spring 1968 student riots triggered a two-week general strike, and there were even fears of a revolution.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[30] Between 2005 and 2006, the country experienced extensive riots involving, above all, young people from immigrant backgrounds from the suburbs.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[25] The far-right nationalist National Front has emerged from marginal to a central party during the period.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

In the 21st century, its popularity has been buoyed by the economic crisis and unemployment in the eurozone.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[31] The party's presidential candidates have been successful in the 21st century: Jean-Marie Le Pen reached the second round in 2002, [25] and in 2012 his daughter Marine Le Pen's record-high vote catch brought third place.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[32] During the Fifth Republic, France has invested in European cooperation.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

It was one of the six founding members of the EU, and President Mitterrand pushed for approval of the Maastricht Treaty.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

France rejected a proposal for a European constitution in a referendum in 2005, bringing its ratification process to a halt, but during its presidency France supported the Lisbon Treaty, which replaced the constitution.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[22] The election to succeed Sarkozy was accompanied by plenty of dramatics when Dominique Strauss-Kahn, considered a strong Socialist candidate, was forced to drop the candidacy because of a sex crime charge.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

The October 2011 primary and the May 2013 actual election were won by François Hollande.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[33] In 2017, Emmanuel Macron took office as president.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[34] Politics and governance France is a semi-presidential republic.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

The current Constitution of France, the Fifth Republic, was adopted by referendum in 1958.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

The constitution strengthened the dominance of the president and ministers over parliament.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

The president is elected by direct election for a five-year term.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

He establishes laws, appoints a prime minister, heads the government and armed forces, and signs international treaties.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Since 1962, the president has been directly elected by a two-stage election.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[22] [35] The French Parliament has two chambers: the National Assembly (Assemblée Nationale) and the Senate (Sénat).


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

The National Assembly is elected by a two-stage round election method for a five-year term.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

In a two-stage election, a candidate is elected directly if he/she receives more than half of the votes in the constituency; otherwise, a second round is held among those who received over votes.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

There are 346 senators and are elected by indirect election for six years at a time.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Electors have about representatives (grands électeurs).


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

The system favoured the countryside, and the Conservatives had a majority in the Senate from the beginning of the Fifth Republic until the fall of 2011. [36].


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Elections to the Senate are held every three years, but not all senators are exchanged at one time.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[1] Both chambers of Parliament have almost identical legislative powers, but if the National Assembly and Senate are in disagreement until the end, the government may refer the matter to the National Assembly to decide.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

The Government can have considerable influence on future laws before Parliament.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

A prime minister appointed by the president must enjoy the confidence of the lower house, so he usually comes from the largest party.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[37] The party field in France is unestablished, but it is divided fairly equally between the right and the left formed around the Socialist Party (PS).


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

The prevailing ideology on the right has been Gaullism, currently represented by the Union pour un Mouvement Populaire (UMP), founded in 2002 to support Chirac.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Even ten million voters can switch their positions between left and right depending on how charismatic leaders and a workable agenda they have.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[38] France's place in world politics is significant.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

It is a permanent member of the UN Security Council, a founding member of NATO, and has its own nuclear weapon.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[22] French Armed Forces France has undergone a major overhaul of its armed forces since 2008 and, after a 40-year hiatus, has begun to take an active part in NATO's military activities.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Under Sarkozy, France grew closer to NATO and was active in the ISAF mission in Afghanistan and the Iranian nuclear issue.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

It was a key factor in the international community that hit Libya in the spring of 2011.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[22] The nuclear deterrent remains an important part of its defence strategy.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[22] France operates the nuclear-powered aircraft carrier FS Charles de Gaulle.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[39] The armed forces are divided into four defence branches: the Land Forces, the Navy, the Air Force and the Police Corps under the Ministry of Defence, or gendarmes (la Gendarmerie nationale).


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[1] The army today consists only of mercenaries, as general conscription was reduced to one day of call-up in 2001.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

The total strength is about.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[22] The administrative division of mainland France and Corsica is divided into 22 regions (French.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

région), which are further subdivided into 96 numbered departments (département).


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Departmental numbers are used in postcodes and car registration plates.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

The departments are divided into 329 arrondissements (arrondissements), which are further subdivided (cantons) and cantons into 36685 communes (communes) (situation 1.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[40] Regions and departments of France Largest cities The number of inhabitants of cities has been reported both by the population of the main town and the population of the urban area as a whole (2012).


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[41] French overseas territories from the colonial period France also includes non-European territories with inhabitants.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[42] The overseas territories of Guadeloupe, Martinique, French Guiana, Réunion and Mayotte are departments and belong to the European Union and use the euro as their currency.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

The currency of the French Pacific Territories is the French Pacific Franc (CFP).


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[43] Economy France's market-rate gross domestic product was around USD 2.7trillion in 2013, in purchasing power adjusted figure was approx.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[44] At market prices, the French national economy is the fifth largest in the world, with purchasing power parities ranking a couple of notches lower.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

In a World Bank statistic, France's purchasing power adjusted GDP was the third largest in Europe in 2012, after Russia and Germany.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[45] Approximately of GDP is agriculture, 18.5% of industry and the remaining almost eighty percent of services.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

France is a member of the G8 group of the world's leading industrialized nations and the World Trade Organization.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Its currency is the euro, which replaced the previous currency the French franc.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[1] France's most important agricultural product is wine.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

The main products of the industry are aircraft, automobiles, machinery, chemicals and electronics [1] such as microchips produced by the “French Silicon Valley”, i.e. the Grenoble region.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[46] Although purposeful privatisation has taken place since the mid-1990s, the State still regulates much of the economic activity and owns stakes in many enterprises in sectors such as banking, energy, transport and telecommunications.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[22] The financial crisis that escalated in late 2008 and the recession that began in 2009 brought French unemployment in 2010 and 2011 to more than 9%.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[1] In 2010, France announced that it would spend around EUR 26 billion to be distributed as stimulus cash to companies on the brink of bankruptcy.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[47] Agriculture France is the main agricultural producer in Europe.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Agriculture no longer has the same importance to the national economy, but still accounts for the majority of exports.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

For example, a variety of wines and cheeses are exported from France.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

The considerable overproduction of European agriculture has also reduced profitability in France, especially in winemaking.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[48] [49] Wheat, barley, oats and rye are grown in large quantities, mainly in the Paris Basin and northern parts of the country.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Maize is most grown in the southern parts of the country, but gradually also further north.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Root vegetables such as beetroot, potatoes and sugar beet are grown in cooler areas in the northernmost parts of the country.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[48] Fruits are grown a lot in different parts of the country: Normandy and Brittany are known for their apples and Aquitaine for their plums.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

In the warm valley of the Rhône, apricots, peaches, raspberries and chestnuts are produced.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[50] [51] Wine is grown almost throughout the country, with France in the second place immediately behind Italy in total wine production.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Around hectolitres of wine were produced annually in France during the period 2008—2019.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[49] [52] Languedoc produces the largest quantities of wines per year, but quality wines are produced most in Bordeaux.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[48] Well-known wine-producing areas also include the Loire, Alsace and Champagne.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Only sparkling wine made in Champagne may be referred to as champagne.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[53] In livestock farming, cattle are the main farming animal.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Northwest France produces the most dairy products, while more meat cattle are raised in the Central Highlands.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[48] Pigs, sheep and goats are also raised.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

The finest French cheeses are made from goat and sheep's milk; Roquefort, for example, is made from sheep's milk.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[54] Services The service sector has grown rapidly and most new jobs have been created there in recent years.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[22] France is visited by over tourists each year and is the most popular tourist country in the world.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

The Eiffel Tower alone is visited by 5.6 million tourists each year.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

The country has an open to the public and.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[55] The most popular places to visit are Brittany, the Dordogne and the French Riviera as well as the rest of Provence, and many tourists also visit Paris.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[56] Industry in mainland France has few valuable mineral deposits.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Iron ore was once heavily mined, but since then deposits have depleted.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Aluminium ore, bauxite, was mined for the first time in the small village of Les Baux, from whose name the word 'bauxite' is derived.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[48] Uranium ore has been excavated from the Central Highlands as an energy source for nuclear power stations, but the deposits are small and depleting.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

They are no longer enough for nuclear power stations, which provide copious three-quarters of the energy needed by mainland France.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Extensive river basins have been utilized by the construction of hydroelectric power stations.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Fossil fuels no longer produce less than a tenth of the total energy capacity, and increased nuclear and hydroelectric generation has reduced the amount of energy imported.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[57] Industry is concentrated in the area around Paris and Toulouse, where a lot of aeroplane and aerospace technology has emerged.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Aerospace Valley, a centre for space and aircraft technology around Toulouse, employs 120,000 people in industry and 8500 in research.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[58] Toulouse-based Airbus is the largest aircraft factory in Europe.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[59] France also has a large number of petrochemical industries, and steel production is one of the largest sectors of industrial activity.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[48] The best known French-made car brands are Renault, Peugeot and Citroën.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Michelin is well known for car tyres.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[60] [61] Transport in France is.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Fourteen has a runway more than two miles long.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

There are 29640km of railway and 951200km of road.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Port cities include Calais, Dunkerque, Le Havre, Marseille, Nantes, Paris and Rouen.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[1] The fastest trains are called the TGV (Train à Grande Vitesse) and reach speeds of 320 kilometres per hour.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[62] There is a fast and efficient train network between major cities, but for small localities public transport links are poor.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[63] Population In 2012, the population of France was estimated at, and mainland France had a population of.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[64] France's population has been increasing in recent years, and at the current rate it would cross the border by 2050.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

The ageing population is eroding the dependency ratio.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[65] Languages In France, French is mainly spoken, which is the only official language in the country according to Article 2 of the Constitution.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[66] As a native language, French is also spoken in Switzerland, Belgium, Monaco and Quebec, Canada.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

As a second language, it is spoken especially in the former French colonial states of Africa.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[67] French is spoken by an estimated people as their native tongue [68] and 190 million as their second language.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[69] French was used from the 17th to the 20th century as the language of diplomacy and other international activities, and was also the working language of the higher-education European population until English supplanted French as the common international language.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[70] [71] [72] Traditional minority languages of France include Celtic Breton of Brittany, Flemish dialects spoken in the direction of Dunkirk, Alsace from the eastern frontier provinces, Catalan of the Perpignan region and Basque around Biarritz.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Also in Corsica, one speaks its own Corsican language, which is more similar to Italian than French.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Minority languages have been viewed negatively for centuries.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Today, however, they are allowed to be taught in school as optional subjects.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[66] The languages of recent immigrants include Turkish, Arabic and Berber languages.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[73] Religions in France state and religion are strictly separated according to the laïcité principle, and those belonging to different denominations are not officially stated.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

The greatest religion is Catholicism, the confessor of which is informed by the French.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Approximately attends church regularly.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

The number of people who consider themselves Catholic has declined rapidly since the early 1990s.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

People who register as atheists now are the French.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[74] France has a fairly large Muslim minority, as most of North Africa was French colonies until the 1950s.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

There are about French Jews.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

[75] Education Schooling is free of charge from the age of two, and compulsory education is valid for 6 to 16-year-olds.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

The public education system is centralist, and most private schools are operated by the Catholic Church.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Higher education has a long tradition, as the University of Paris was founded in 1150.


Question: What was the population of France in 2018?

France

Today, a university and educational institution operate in the country.