Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

In the 18th century, constitutions were usually read as the King's Arch of the Land Law, the Reichstag Order, the Privileges of Ordinance, as well as a number of other statutes.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

During the time of freedom, it became a perception that changing these laws required the consent of all the enactments of the Riksdag.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

Following the coup d'état of 1772 by King Gustav III in 1772, constitutions were understood to be the constitutions of 1772, the Reichstag order, the privileges of the four acts, and the 1789 Code of Association and Collateral.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

Although Alexander I, when confirming the Finnish constitutions in 1809, did not specify what specific laws he meant, the consensus formed in the early 19th century found this list exhaustive.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

Sometimes an Act of 1734 was additionally counted in the list.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

The regular convening of the Reichstag was initiated in 1863 by Emperor Alexander II, and in 1869 a new Reichstag order was enacted.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

Attempts were made to bring about the codification, or systematization, of the Finnish constitutions throughout the latter part of the century, but Russo-Finnish disagreements prevented this.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

However, as a new constitution, the Reichstag Order of 1906, adopted by the 1905 Decree Riksdag, came into force.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

The order of this Act finally laid down in 1919 the Finnish form of government, and supplemented it by the Law on the right of Parliament to check the lawfulness of the functions of the members of the Council of State and the Attorney General and the Ombudsman of the Parliament, namely the Law on Ministerial Responsibility (274/1922) and the Law of impeachment (273/1922).


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

Eventually, the Reichstag Order took on a new, modernized form in 1928.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

The Constitution of Finland was enacted as a single law only in 1999.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

In this case, the acts that were in the form of government and ministerial responsibility were mostly transferred without amendment to the new constitution.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

Instead, only essential acts concerning the composition of the Parliament, the manner of election, the inviolability of representatives and other similar matters were transferred from the Riksdag to the Constitution.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

Impeachment was only briefly enacted in the Constitution.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

Instead, all statutes relating to the normal, day-to-day operation of both bodies of state were transferred to standard levels of law to the Rules of Procedure of the Parliament and the Act on Impeachment.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

This reduced the need to amend the constitution whenever minor changes were made in daily routines, thereby reducing the work of parliament and, on the other hand, increasing the pristine status of the Constitution.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

Position and enactment The Constitution is placed higher than ordinary laws in the Finnish legal source doctrine in the hierarchy of legal sources.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

[5] This higher hierarchical position of the Constitution is reflected by the provisions introduced into the Constitution over the preference of the Constitution, as well as the prohibition of applying a law incompatible with the Constitution of a lower degree of legislation.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

The Constitution also has an increased force of law, that is, it is more difficult to enact, amend and repeal it than ordinary laws.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

[5] In Finland, the Constitution can be amended by two different modalities: either the Parliament approves the draft amendment to rest, after which it is adopted by a majority of at least two thirds in the elected parliament after the next election, or the Parliament declares urgency of the proposal by a decision supported by at least five sixths of the votes cast, followed by a majority of at least two-thirds This order of enactment for Constitutional matters was already established by the Reichstag of 1906; in the same order, they must be dealt with according to the current constitution.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

As a Finnish specialty, laws may also be laid down in the order of enactment of the Constitution which do not change the wording of the Constitution, but constitute a departure from some provision of the Constitution.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

Such an order has been enacted at various times, among other things, a series of economic rationing laws containing an exception to the protection of property rights established by the Constitution.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

The same procedure has a few times (most recently 1973) also provided for the law under which the presidential election has been conducted in a different order or the person named by law has been elected president.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

Especially during the Second World War and for a few years thereafter, this exceptional law procedure was in abundant use, and that order also provided for example the Land Acquisition Act and also the Law on Punishing Guilties of War.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

Whether any bill complies with the Constitution or requires the order of enactment of the Constitution is decided by the Constitutional Committee by a simple majority vote.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

Structure Chapter 1 — Basics of State Order The first chapter of the Constitution contains provisions on the fundamental principles of the Constitution.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

These define Finland's independence, a republican form of government and provide for the territory of the kingdom and the grounds for Finnish citizenship.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

Constitutional rule springs from the principle of popular sovereignty: According to this principle, Parliament is the supreme body of state to which both government and jurisdiction are subordinate.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

[6] Immediately thereafter, the Constitution dictates that the members of the Council of State should enjoy the trust of Parliament.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

Since the President of the Republic's exercise of power occurs through the presentation or contribution of the government, political responsibility under the principle of parliamentarianism permeates the entire apparatus of government.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

Courts, on the other hand, are defined as being independent.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

Their activities are permitted by Parliament to be regulated only at the general level by legislating.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

Instead, in individual cases, each court is independent of all other state actors.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

[6] The boundaries of Finnish state power are defined by the territory of the state and the district of its citizens.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

Of these, the permanence of the territory of the state is emphasized by providing for it in the first chapter


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

It can only be amended by a decision of the Parliament, which is mandated by a qualified majority of two thirds elsewhere in the Constitution.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

Finnish citizenship is more generally regulated.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

Citizenship is obtained, as a rule, either by nationality of the parents (jus sanguinis) or by birth.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

More precise provisions are left to be enacted by ordinary law of parliament.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

Separately, however, it is stipulated that a person who is also a national of another State cannot be deprived of Finnish citizenship on grounds governed by law.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

The purpose of the provision is to enforce the human right to citizenship of a state.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

[6] Membership of the European Union On 1 March 2012, a constitutional amendment entered into force that Finland is a member of the European Union.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

[7] Chapter 2 — Fundamental Rights for Finns Chapter Two of the Constitution is perhaps the most important chapter of the Constitution today, which the Constitutional Committee of Parliament has to interpret from time to time when regulating ordinary laws.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

The chapter provides for fundamental rights and provides criteria for addressing those rights.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

For example, in 2006, the Constitutional Committee issued an opinion on more than 60 bills, and most of these considered bills from the perspective of interference with fundamental rights.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

[8] Several bills were subject to amendments on the basis of these statements.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

Also, in cases where courts consider failing to apply a provision of the law under the preference of the Constitution, there are almost always problems with fundamental rights.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

[9] The content of Chapter 2 of the Constitution The main fundamental rights include the equality of people before the law, the right to life and dignity, the principle of criminal law and freedom of religion and conscience.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

These rights form the core of what is known as fundamental rights, which cannot be limited even in exceptional circumstances.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

[10] Almost all fundamental rights belong to all people.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

The exception is freedom of movement, which is wider for Finnish citizens than for foreigners.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

The entry of a foreigner into the country may be restricted, while Finnish citizens always have the right to enter the country.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

In practice, more precise implementation of fundamental rights is almost always provided for by laws that also reconcile fundamental rights incompatible with each other.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

In the chapter, the phrase is laid down in more detail by law.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

This means that any restrictions on fundamental rights must always be regulated at the level of law.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

For example, regulations, municipal rules, budgets or regulatory regulations are not enough grounds to restrict the implementation of fundamental rights.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

Fundamental rights include not only traditional fundamental political rights (e.g. freedom of association, assembly, speech and religion), but also so-called economic, social and cultural rights.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

These include, but are not limited to, the right to a decent life, access to education without insecurity, the right to social security, the right to one's own culture and the right to work.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

All fundamental rights are safeguarded by the right to have their case dealt with by an impartial judicial body.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

Therefore, every decision of authority concerning the right or duty of man has the right to appeal.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

In addition to fundamental rights, the second chapter of the Constitution also provides for one obligation: [11] The subject of fundamental rights, that is, persons entitled to enjoy them are people, i.e. natural persons.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

So legal entities do not have independent fundamental rights.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

However, they may receive the protection of fundamental rights when an individual implements their fundamental right through the community.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

For example, the property of a limited liability company is protected, as this wealth is indirectly the property of the people who own the limited company and is necessary for the exercise of the right to business by the owners.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

On the other hand, freedom of speech protects the publishing house, which acts as a conduit for authors' free speech.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

Religious freedom is largely carried out by people through their religious communities, and most often freedom of association and assembly is practiced within nonprofit associations.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

[12] On the other hand, for example, animals [12], the deceased [13] or foetuses [12] do not have the protection of fundamental rights.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

Chapter 3 — Parliament and MPs Chapter 3 of the Constitution contains the basic provisions on the composition of the parliament and the status of the MP.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

The chapter provides for e.g.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

the structure of the Parliament and the term of office.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

Furthermore, the legal status of MPs is enshrined in this figure.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

[14] Chapter 4 — Activities of the Parliament The fourth chapter of the Constitution provides for the assembly of Parliament and the various institutions of Parliament and their election.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

It also lays down general provisions for the preparation and consideration of cases in Parliament.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

Chapter 4 of the Constitution also compiles provisions on mechanisms for communication between Parliament and the State Council, as well as the means of Parliament to measure the trust enjoyed by a functioning government.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

In addition, the chapter provides for some general issues related to the functioning of Parliament, such as the publicity of parliamentary work and the languages used in parliamentary work.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

[14] Chapter 5 — The President of the Republic and the Council of State Chapter 5 of the Constitution includes regulation e.g.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

on the election, term of office and decision-making of the president.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

As regards the Council of State, the chapter includes provisions on the formation and resignation of the State Council, the forms of decision-making of the Government and the preparation of cases in the State Council.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

Combining the regulation of the President of the Republic and the Council of State in the same chapter is necessary for the functional link between the President and the Council of State decision-making.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

[14] Chapter 6 — Legislation The Sixth Chapter of the Constitution compiles the regulation of legislative procedure, from the initiation of a bill until the publication and entry into force of the Act.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

The chapter also includes an article on the Constitutional Order.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

[14] Chapter 7 — State Finance The provisions on the taxation power of the State and borrowing by the State are contained in Chapter 7 of the Constitution.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

Regulation on the processing of the state budget makes up a significant part of the figure.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

However, detailed regulation in this regard is now contained in the Rules of Procedure of Parliament.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

The chapter also includes a number of provisions, e.g.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

state holdings and the Bank of Finland.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

Chapter 8 — International Relations Chapter 8 of the Constitution contains regulations that were not previously present in Finland at the Constitutional level.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

The chapter includes the basic provisions on foreign policy decision-making, the provisions for the adoption and entry into force of international agreements and the provisions necessary for membership of the European Union.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

[14] Chapter 9 — Jurisdiction This chapter contains provisions for the supreme courts and the structure of the judiciary.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

In addition to this, the chapter includes provisions for the appointment of judges as well as the right of judges to remain in office.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

The chapter has also included regulation of impeachment, its composition and functions.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

[14] Chapter 10 — Control of Legality The tenth chapter of the Constitution has taken precedence in the Constitution and the constitutional and lawfulness control provisions of acts lower than the law.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

The role of the Attorney-General and the Parliamentary Ombudsman is also laid down in this context.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

The provisions previously contained mainly in the Ministerial Responsibility Act on the initiation and deliberation of ministerial responsibilities have also been revised in this chapter.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

[14] The preference of the Constitution (section 106) implies that courts have the opportunity to disapply a provision of ordinary law in an individual case if its application were in apparent conflict with the Constitution.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

This so-called obviousness requirement significantly limits the application of the priority section, and in practice its application has remained rare.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

[15] While the court may give preference to a provision of the Constitution, however, the courts do not have negative legislative power, namely the right to overturn the law.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

Decrees or lower-order acts incompatible with the Constitution may not be applied to a court or other authority (§ 107) [16].


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

Chapter 11 — Organization of Administration and Self-Government The eleventh chapter of the Constitution contains provisions on the grounds for the organization of state administration and, where necessary, for self-governing colonies.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

Provisions on eligibility requirements for posts and criteria for appointment and appointment to office would also be included in this context.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

[14] Chapter 12 — National Defense The twelfth chapter of the Constitution contains regulation of the foundations of the Defense Establishment.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

All citizens are provided with the obligation to participate in the defense of the fatherland, but at the same time it is stated that the right to refuse armed national defense is provided by ordinary law.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

In addition, this chapter provides for the role of the President as Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

Some other European countries have a very broad set of rules on exceptional circumstances in the Constitution.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

In Finland, however, no need or justification for such extensive exceptional regulation has been seen at constitutional level.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

In exceptional circumstances, the section on restrictions on fundamental rights is placed in the second chapter of the Constitution.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

[14] Chapter 13 — Final Provisions The last, thirteenth chapter of the Constitution contains the necessary regulation for the entry into force of the Constitution as well as the repeal of previous constitution-level acts.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

The arrangements for transition and entry into force required by the Constitution were provided for by its own separate law.


Question: In what year is the Finnish Criminal Code written?

Constitution of Finland

[14] See also 1919 Reichstag Order of 1906 Reichstag Order of 1869 Sprengtporten Constitution Proposal (1786) Sources on the subject elsewhere Yle, 2018 Category:Constitutions Constitution Category:Key to screening Articles


Question: When did the Fingerpori cartoon first appear?

Pertti Jarla

Pertti Jarla (born October 25, 1971 in Nastola [1]) is a self-taught artist and cartoonist.


Question: When did the Fingerpori cartoon first appear?

Pertti Jarla

He is particularly known for his Fingerpori comic, which appears in several newspapers.


Question: When did the Fingerpori cartoon first appear?

Pertti Jarla

Life and career As the son of a farming family in Nastola, Jarla found himself interested only in drawing during school years.


Question: When did the Fingerpori cartoon first appear?

Pertti Jarla

As his greatest paragons, he considered underground cartoonists Juho Juntus and Gilbert Shelton.


Question: When did the Fingerpori cartoon first appear?

Pertti Jarla

[2] Inspired by Juntusen and Shelton, Jarla already offered his comics to the humour magazine Pahthasia as a high school student.


Question: When did the Fingerpori cartoon first appear?

Pertti Jarla

He became a long-time contributor to the magazine, and between 1991 and 2000 numerous of his comics were published in Pahkasia.


Question: When did the Fingerpori cartoon first appear?

Pertti Jarla

Between 1996 and 2007 Jarla worked as a lecture visualizer at Jari Sarasvuo's coaching company Trainers' House with the task of drawing cartoons on topics discussed during business coaching sessions.


Question: When did the Fingerpori cartoon first appear?

Pertti Jarla

[3] At the conclusion of the event, the comics were amplified and distributed to customers.


Question: When did the Fingerpori cartoon first appear?

Pertti Jarla

According to Jarla, the feedback was ambivalent: some customers did not like the drawings at all, some were so elated that they ordered more illustrations from Jarla for their companies' publications.


Question: When did the Fingerpori cartoon first appear?

Pertti Jarla

[2] He also illustrated Sarasvuo's business training book Sales High Tension (1998).


Question: When did the Fingerpori cartoon first appear?

Pertti Jarla

[4] In addition to his drawings, Jarla took fine art and animation courses at Laajasalo University, the City of Helsinki Youth Workshop and the Lahti Institute of Design.


Question: When did the Fingerpori cartoon first appear?

Pertti Jarla

[2] Jarla participated in the strip category of the Nordic Comics Competition Kemi in 2006 with her cartoon Karl-Barks-Stadt.


Question: When did the Fingerpori cartoon first appear?

Pertti Jarla

It received the third prize and appeared for November of the same year as the domestic comic of the month of Ilta-Sanomat.


Question: When did the Fingerpori cartoon first appear?

Pertti Jarla

[5] [6] Eeva Lepistö, the comic book editor of Helsingin Sanomat, drew attention to Karl-Barks-Stadt and asked Jarla to become the magazine's new cartoonist.


Question: When did the Fingerpori cartoon first appear?

Pertti Jarla

The comic, which was changed to Fingerpor, appeared in Helsingin Sanomat for the first time starting on 5 February 2007.


Question: When did the Fingerpori cartoon first appear?

Pertti Jarla

[7] Nowadays Fingerpori has also been distributed in numerous other magazines and several albums have been released.


Question: When did the Fingerpori cartoon first appear?

Pertti Jarla

In the 2012 presidential election, Jarla was a member of the civic delegation supporting Pekka Haavisto of the Greens.


Question: When did the Fingerpori cartoon first appear?

Pertti Jarla

[8] He illustrated the pro-Haavisto campaign website “Kakkonen on numberen”, which rose to one of the most clickable pages in Finland.


Question: When did the Fingerpori cartoon first appear?

Pertti Jarla

[9] Jarla also writes the blog “This on tultu”, published on the Finnish Kuvalehti website, where, among other things, he takes a position on current affairs and explains his own worldview.


Question: When did the Fingerpori cartoon first appear?

Pertti Jarla

[10] Jarla considers himself a skeptic.


Question: When did the Fingerpori cartoon first appear?

Pertti Jarla

[11] His wife is comics artist Emmi Valve.


Question: When did the Fingerpori cartoon first appear?

Pertti Jarla

[12] Jarla's company Full Hand Oy has published Saku Sämpylä's cartoons by Saku Sämpylä.


Question: When did the Fingerpori cartoon first appear?

Pertti Jarla

Eetu and Riku: series of images from 1931-32.. Publications Fingerpori comics List in the article Fingerpori.


Question: When did the Fingerpori cartoon first appear?

Pertti Jarla

Other comics Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Birds of Lapinlaht| publisher = Arctic banana| year = 2011| id = ISBN 978-952-5768-64-0| accessdate = 2.8.2013}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Captain Tserep| publisher = Arctic banana| year = 2011| 3| id = ISBN 978-952-270-079-7| accessdate = 2.8.2013}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Freezing Spede — comic memoir| location = Helsinki| publisher = Like| year = 2015| id = ISBN 978-952-01-1141-0}} Bookillustrations Sarasvuo, Jari Sales: High Tension (1998) Schatz, Roman: Zoo — Animal Story (2009) Schatz, Roman: Handbook (2010) Sources Elsewhere Harri Römpötti:.


Question: When did the Fingerpori cartoon first appear?

Pertti Jarla

Helsingin Sanomat on 4 February 2007.


Question: When did the Fingerpori cartoon first appear?

Pertti Jarla

(Archived page) Eija Väliranta:.


Question: When did the Fingerpori cartoon first appear?

Pertti Jarla

Aid on 24/11/2009.


Question: When did the Fingerpori cartoon first appear?

Pertti Jarla

Armi Suojanen:.


Question: When did the Fingerpori cartoon first appear?

Pertti Jarla

Helsinki News 27.3.2010.


Question: When did the Fingerpori cartoon first appear?

Pertti Jarla

Sanna Posti Sjöman:.


Question: When did the Fingerpori cartoon first appear?

Pertti Jarla

Sheriffi.se May 26, 2010.


Question: When did the Fingerpori cartoon first appear?

Pertti Jarla

Category:Finnish comics authors Category:Finnish skeptics Category:People born in 1971 Category:Living persons


Question: Where does the Easter creep tradition come from?

The refreshment

Refreshment or powering is a children's tradition of visiting at Easter time touching on decorated willow cat jokes, wishing good luck and health to the neighborhood in general.


Question: Where does the Easter creep tradition come from?

The refreshment

[1] [2] Often children are dressed as Easter witches [1].


Question: Where does the Easter creep tradition come from?

The refreshment

Viroming is a custom already belonging to the early Christian period.


Question: Where does the Easter creep tradition come from?

The refreshment

This is evidenced by the fact that the Finnish word virpa is derived from the Ancient Russian form.


Question: Where does the Easter creep tradition come from?

The refreshment

This is equivalent in Modern Russian by the verba ().


Question: Where does the Easter creep tradition come from?

The refreshment

[3] The word snare is connected to the vigorous branch [4].


Question: Where does the Easter creep tradition come from?

The refreshment

When refreshing, a bouquet of willow cats is waved in front of the refreshment and a refreshment number is pronounced.


Question: Where does the Easter creep tradition come from?

The refreshment

A refreshment is given a joke and a stream might receive sweets as a reward.


Question: Where does the Easter creep tradition come from?

The refreshment

The commonly used refresh figure is: “Virvon varvon freshness will be healthy.


Question: Where does the Easter creep tradition come from?

The refreshment

Vitsa to you, pay me”.


Question: Where does the Easter creep tradition come from?

The refreshment

[5] [6] There are also other rhymes, such as “Miepä virvon vitsasella.


Question: Where does the Easter creep tradition come from?

The refreshment

I skew on a birch branch.


Question: Where does the Easter creep tradition come from?

The refreshment

For you I hope health with the twig of refreshment — —.


Question: Where does the Easter creep tradition come from?

The refreshment

Originally, the refreshment is a blessing palm Sunday tradition associated with Orthodox Christianity.


Question: Where does the Easter creep tradition come from?

The refreshment

Within the Orthodox population, the custom is still part of the ecclesiastical tradition.


Question: Where does the Easter creep tradition come from?

The refreshment

Willow branches are blessed in the church on the occasion of the vigilia worship service on the eve of Palm Sunday.


Question: Where does the Easter creep tradition come from?

The refreshment

In Vigilia, a priest blesses willow branches and distributes them to parishioners after worship.


Question: Where does the Easter creep tradition come from?

The refreshment

At home, children decorate blessed branches in the morning.


Question: Where does the Easter creep tradition come from?

The refreshment

If possible, the child flows on the branches first his own godparents, then other relatives and neighbors on Palm Sunday.


Question: Where does the Easter creep tradition come from?

The refreshment

[3] The refreshment is made to commemorate the palm leaf salute of Jesus.


Question: Where does the Easter creep tradition come from?

The refreshment

It has served as a blessing, a bringer of health and a repellent of evil.


Question: Where does the Easter creep tradition come from?

The refreshment

The power of willow jizzes is based on touching the world's most powerful person, Jesus, according to the Christian conception of the people.


Question: Where does the Easter creep tradition come from?

The refreshment

Along with the blessing of consecration water, according to this view, the “people of Jesus” move to the branches from the time of the palm leaf salute in Jerusalem.


Question: Where does the Easter creep tradition come from?

The refreshment

[3] The willows have been thought of as having magical powers.


Question: Where does the Easter creep tradition come from?

The refreshment

The Finno-Ugric peoples have had a habit of branching away evil spirits.


Question: Where does the Easter creep tradition come from?

The refreshment

[7] Pajunoksa was given to the refreshed at the end of the chapter and the pay was to be picked up on Easter Saturday [8].


Question: Where does the Easter creep tradition come from?

The refreshment

In Ostrobothnia, children dressed as witches, or trulls, go to trullet on Easter Saturday, and pay is received at the end of the “viburnum”.


Question: Where does the Easter creep tradition come from?

The refreshment

[9] Traditionally, flowering children did not receive a reward until the coming Sunday, when the Easter fasting had ended.


Question: Where does the Easter creep tradition come from?

Reinforcement

Since then, a reward, for example a bun, could be obtained immediately in Karelia.


Question: Where does the Easter creep tradition come from?

Reinforcement

[3] In Orthodox tradition, pay has typically been a red painted egg, chocolate egg or the like given at Easter.


Question: Where does the Easter creep tradition come from?

Reinforcement

Blessed jingles obtained when refreshing are customary to be kept on top of home icons throughout the Easter season, that is, until the early hours.


Question: Where does the Easter creep tradition come from?

Reinforcement

After that, they are disposed of by burning.


Question: Where does the Easter creep tradition come from?

Reinforcement

[10] In the post-war period, the tradition of refreshment passed into a common Finnish custom through schools and kindergartens.


Question: Where does the Easter creep tradition come from?

Reinforcement

It was interspersed with the folk culture of Central and Western Finland's way of dressing up as Easter trulls.


Question: Where does the Easter creep tradition come from?

Reinforcement

These habits merged in part together.


Question: Where does the Easter creep tradition come from?

Reinforcement

[3] Orthodoxies have criticised the fact that young children are dressed as witches and circulate in a mass of strangers.


Question: Where does the Easter creep tradition come from?

Reinforcement

This, according to them, is a blending of the Western-Finnish Easter witch tradition and the Eastern Finnish tradition of virtue.


Question: Where does the Easter creep tradition come from?

Reinforcement

[7] In Western Finland, refreshment has not been practiced since its old age.


Question: Where does the Easter creep tradition come from?

Reinforcement

[11] [12] [13] However, the refreshment delivered by children in witch costumes is closely related to the Pan-Nordic spring traditions of dressing up as witches as well as decorating branches and “whipping” with them.


Question: Where does the Easter creep tradition come from?

Reinforcement

In Sweden, for example, children have handed out Easter jokes (påskris) and cards dressed as Easter ones, Denmark and Norway again decorate sprigs (fastelavnsris) with which children have traditionally “whipped” their parents awake in the morning.


Question: Where does the Easter creep tradition come from?

Reinforcement

Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Virpomaloruja| location = Joensuu| publisher = Joensuu Kalevalese women| year = 1984 (3rd edition 1990) | version = compiled by Kyllikki Takala}} On the topic elsewhere.


Question: Where does the Easter creep tradition come from?

Reinforcement

Orthodox.NET.


Question: Where does the Easter creep tradition come from?

Reinforcement

. Handed over to Karjala.fi. National Bureau of Museums. The Ingers' Message 4/1962.


Question: Where does the Easter creep tradition come from?

Reinforcement

Category:Easter traditions Category:Finnish traditions


Question: When was the Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

The RMS Titanic was a passenger ship of the White Star Line which on its maiden voyage on the night of 14 and 15 April 1912 collided with an iceberg in the North Atlantic and sank, taking around 1500 people with it.


Question: When was the Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

The ship's master was the White Star Line's Commodore Edward J. Smith.


Question: When was the Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

Along with its sister ships RMS Olympic and HMHS Britannic, the Titanic was the largest and most glorious steamer of its time and was said to be “practically unsinkable” due to its new type of bulkhead construction.


Question: When was the Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

The sinking of the Titanic is one of the most famous maritime accidents in history.


Question: When was the Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

Concepts that have become famous for sinking the Titanic include “women and children first,” “the captain sinks with his ship” and “the orchestra plays until the end.”


Question: When was the Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

In accident investigations, the sinking was found to have been the result of Chief Smith failing to heed iceberg warnings and the ship did not slow its speed in the danger zone.


Question: When was the Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

The accident was exacerbated by the failure to fully load the lifeboats.


Question: When was the Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

Prior to the Titanic shipwreck, the carrying capacity of lifeboats had been determined according to the ship's load-bearing capacity, and no ship was required under British law to carry more than 16 lifeboats.


Question: When was the Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

On the Titanic, the lifeboats would have accommodated only about half the passengers.


Question: When was the Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

The number had been calculated mainly in case the Titanic received a machine failure or leak but would remain afloat until passengers could be transferred to another ship.


Question: When was the Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[1] As a result of the accident, a number of changes were made to the maritime safety regulations: for example, the number of lifeboats had to be calculated on the basis of the number of passengers on board.


Question: When was the Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

An international ice patrol was also established and the still valid SOLAS agreement was concluded.


Question: When was the Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

The accident also significantly increased the use of radio equipment in shipping.


Question: When was the Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[1] The wreckage of the RMS Titanic was discovered in 1985, some 73 years after the accident.


Question: When was the Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

The wreck, which rests at a depth of 3798 metres, has been the subject of much research.


Question: When was the Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[2] In 2012, the wreck was admitted to the UNESCO Underwater Cultural Heritage Agreement.


Question: When was the Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

The story of the Titanic is being showcased at the Titanic Belfast Museum, among others.


Question: When was the Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

Titanic and its turma have been the subject of several films, books and episodes of the television series.


Question: When was the Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

Construction The idea of building the Titanic came about in 1907 when J. Bruce Ismay, president of the shipping company White Star Line, had dinner with William Pirrie, general manager of the shipyard Harland and Wolff.


Question: When was the Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

White Star was in trouble due to competitors' larger and more luxurious passenger ships, and therefore the shipping company began planning to build two new ships.


Question: When was the Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

A third ship was added to the plans later.


Question: When was the Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[3] The main trumps of the new ships would be speed rather than large size and luxury.


Question: When was the Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

Titanic was built in conjunction with its sister ship RMS Olympic at Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast, Northern Ireland.


Question: When was the Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[4] With the help of ships, White Star Line sought to gain a competitive advantage in transatlantic passenger service.


Question: When was the Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[5] The Harland and Wolff shipyard originally had three compartments, which were combined so that the Titanic and Olympic could be built side by side.


Question: When was the Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

More than 8000 new shipyard workers from Ireland were recruited to build the Titanic.


Question: When was the Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[6] The ship's hull was laid into the waters on 31 May 1911.


Question: When was the Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

By January 1912, the ship's interior was complete, and it was unfinished ready to go to the waters.


Question: When was the Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

A total of 15 ship builders were killed in occupational accidents.


Question: When was the Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[7] The designer of the Titanic was Thomas Andrews, CEO of Harland and Wolff, [6] who had previously worked on White Star Line ships.


Question: When was the Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[8] The Titanic was nearly identical to its sister ship, Olympic, but Ismay added extra amenities and cabins to the Titanic's boat deck after the Olympic's maiden voyage.


Question: When was the Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

Therefore, the Titanic was slightly heavier than the Olympic, and was said to be the largest ship in the world.


Question: When was the Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

The Titanic steam engines were, in their time, the largest in the world.


Question: When was the Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[7] A total of 159 coal grates in 29 boilers produced steam for two four-cylinder piston steam engines and one low-pressure Parsons turbine, [9] which powered the ship's three propellers.


Question: When was the Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

The ship's top speed was reported as 23 knots, or about 43 kilometres per hour.


Question: When was the Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[10] The fourth chimney on the Titanic was in reality an air conditioning flue, [9] which for appearance reasons was built to look like a chimney.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[4] The ship's rudder was 23.98 metres high, 4.65 metres long and weighed 100 tons.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

The rudder was propelled by its own steam engines.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

There were two machines, but only one was used at a time, with the other being a spare aircraft.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

The rudder planes were by springs separate from the ship's hull so as not to be affected by heavy shipping.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

In case both rudder planes failed, the rudder could be turned by ropes propelled by the same engines as the ship's five anchors.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[11] The Titanic had room for 3547 passengers and crew members.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

The ship was approximately 269 metres long, 28 metres wide and had a volume of 46328 gross register tons.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[12] Luxuries Titanic was the most luxurious ocean liner of its time.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

Rare running water and a dishwasher were used in the dwellings of the rich at the time.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[7] One of the most famous places on the Titanic was the main staircase, [7] whose glass dome in the ceiling let in natural light.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

Titanic also had four lifts (three for 1st class passengers and one for 2nd class passengers), meeting rooms, library, barber shop, indoor swimming pool, Turkish bath, squash court and gym.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[13] [14] Also the third class of the Titanic was an exceptionally comfortable place to travel with its restaurant salons and public areas, so the third class cabins on other ships would have been classed as second-class cabins.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[7] The Titanic also served as a mailer.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

For this reason, the letters RMS were added in front of the ship's name, which is an abbreviation of the English words Royal Mail Ship (sometimes also steam-ship or steamer), meaning “Royal mail (steam) ship” in Finnish.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

“Unsinkable Ship” The press called the Titanic practically unsinkable thanks to the ship's compartmentalization.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

If there was a leak to one part of the ship, the watertight bulkheads and compartment doors that extended through the ship's hull would prevent water from entering the other compartments and the ship would remain afloat even if the first four or two compartments in the centre were filled with water.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[1] The Titanic had 20 lifeboats—16 standard boats and four pleat boats—which could accommodate a total of 1178 passengers.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

This exceeded the authority orders of the Privy Council's Commerce Department.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[15] Nearly 20 years old lifeboat regulations were based on the carrying capacity of the ship, not the number of passengers.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[16] At the time the regulations were enacted, the carrying capacity of the largest ship was only a quarter of that of the Titanic.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[1] The ship's outer decks Titanic had nine decks, the bottom four of which were completely watertight.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[17] The bridge was on the top deck, and behind it were the cabins of the co-pilot.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[18] Some of these cabins have been fairly well preserved on the ocean floor.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

There were, among other things, third class cabins and an anchor on the outer deck, mooring ropes and a mast for lookouts slightly further afield.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[19] Behind them, right in front of the bridge, were hatches in the cargo hold.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

Below the bridge was the first class walking deck.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

Behind the bridge, atop the cabins of the co-pilot, was the ship's forward chimney.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

Behind it were a glass dome skylight, a second chimney, and a gymnasium for first class passengers.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[18] On the second lowest outer deck were the first class private walking decks, which extended up to the stern.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

The ship's third chimney was roughly the case for second-class moorings.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

Near the fourth chimney, there was a skylight from which light came into the second-rate restaurant salon.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

Behind the moorings was a couple of storeys lower, a second-class walking deck.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[20] Closer to the stern was the third-class deck, and the stern of the ship was also occupied by third-graders.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[19] The maiden voyage of the Titanic was lowered into the waters on 31 May 1911, and began its maiden voyage from Southampton to New York on 10 April 1912 at 12 pm.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

Before crossing the Atlantic, the Titanic still visited Cherbourg, France, and Queenstown, Ireland (now Cobh).


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[22] Those travelling on board included millionaire John Jacob Astor IV and his wife Madeleine, mining owner Benjamin Guggenheim and his mistress Madame Leontine Pauline Aubert, Denver socialite madam Margaret Brown, Scots baron Sir Cosmo Duff-Gordon and his with his costume designer wife Lady Lucile, Isidor Straus, owner of Macy's, the world's largest department store, and his wife Ida, Colonel and military historian Archibald Gracie, Countess of Rothes Noël Leslie, businessman George Widener, Grand Trunk Railroad general manager Charles Hays, and U.S. Presidential adjutant, Major Archibald Butt.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[23] The Titanic sailed across the ocean at full speed, although it was not designed to break the Atlantic crossing speed record.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[24] The ship was scheduled to arrive in New York on Wednesday 17 April, and the voyage went without a hitch until April 14.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[25] [26] The morning of Sunday 14 April dawned rainy, but during the day the sky began to clear and the weather became colder.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

The Titanic received numerous iceberg warnings from other ships during the day, but they were not always given special attention.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[27] By nightfall the weather was clear, and the sea was in my mirror style.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

However, there was no moonlight, which made it difficult to detect icebergs, and you could not notice them from the waves either because the sea was calm.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[28] Having given instructions that Second Mate Charles Lightoller should call Chief Smith, if Lightoller had any doubts about the situation, the master left the bridge to his cabin at 21:20.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[29] At ten o'clock in the evening, first mate William Murdoch began his duty on the bridge.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

Meanwhile, in the wetness of the lookouts, the “magpie's nest”, came in turn Frederick Fleet and Reginald Lee.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[29] Sinking Colliding an iceberg The lookout's watch went peacefully until 11:40pm [note 1], when they detected an iceberg about 450 metres away.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[30] The Titanic had a speed of about 21.5 knots.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[31] The lookout Fleet rang the bell of the lookout booth three times, which meant something was in front of the ship, and immediately afterwards he rang the bridge.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

Sixth mate James Moody answered the phone and heard Fleet's words: “Iceberg right in front!” [32] Moody immediately forwarded the message to Murdoch, who ordered to turn the helm to starboard and the machines to full rear.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[33] The ship began to turn, but the pace was too hard and the rudder too small.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

The iceberg hit the side of the ship, tearing it more than 90 feet in length.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[34] Murdoch ordered the watertight doors closed, and Chief Smith hurried to the bridge to find out about the situation.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[31] Several passengers felt the collision but did not necessarily understand what had happened.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[35] Designer Thomas Andrews and CEO J. Bruce Ismay were picked up for the bridge.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

The ship's planes had been intercepted.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

After a brief investigation, Andrews realised that an iceberg had torn gaps in the side of the ship at the first six compartments.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

The first five wards were badly flooded and water began to enter the sixth as well.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

The Titanic had been designed to stay afloat even if water flooded into four successive compartments, but now six compartments had a leak that could not be blocked.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[36] The waterproof bulkheads reached as far as the E deck, but when at least five compartments were filled with water, the bow would sink deeper by the weight of the water so that the E deck would depress below the waterline and the water would flood over the bulkheads into all 16 compartments of the ship.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

Andrews estimated the ship to remain afloat for no more than an hour and a half [36] and Smith for two hours.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[37] The pumps on the Titanic were started, but their power was insufficient to drain compartments of water.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

Chief Smith instructed the electrifiers to send a distress message to other ships.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

Initially, these telegraphed the traditional CQD distress call but then used the new SOS sign.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[38] The nearest ship to respond to the call was RMS Carpathia, but even that was four hours away.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[39] The only ship close enough was the SS Californian.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

However, its electrifier, Cyril Evans, had gone to bed after receiving a rude response from Jack Phillips, the Titanic's electrician, to a message in which he tried to report that the Californian had spotted icebergs in the area where the Titanic was sailing.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[29] Lifeboats deployed Chief Smith ordered to distribute life jackets to all passengers and guide women and children to lifeboats.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

The first lifeboat was lowered into the sea at 0.45am.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[40] The boats were initially loaded only on their sides, as many considered it safer to remain onboard.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[41] Furthermore, the crew feared that the lifeboats could sink if they carried too many passengers.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

For example, boat number 1 had only 12 people, although most of the boats were intended for between 60 and 70 people.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[42] On the port side — where second mate Lightoller was responsible — the order was strictly observed that no men were to be counted on lifeboats, but on the starboard side — where the first mate Murdoch was responsible — men were allowed in if enough women were not nearby.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[43] The number of lifeboats was originally planned to be 64, but in order to increase travel comfort, the number had been reduced first to 32 and then 20.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[4] The small squash hall ten metres above the keel was already under water just after midnight.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[44] By that time, almost all steam boilers had been turned off.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

By midnight, the Titanic had banked about 5 degrees to the starboard side.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

Fourth mate Joseph Boxhall saw on the port side the lights of the other ship and tried to give it a sign with a morsel lamp.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[45] The first emergency rockets were fired at 0.45am.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[46] They were visible as far as California, but the rockets were colourless and the Californian cover cover did not realise they were signs of distress from the Titanic.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[47] To prevent a stampede from occurring, the Orchestra of the Titanic had played dance music in the lobby of the first class.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

Later, musicians moved on to play on the boat deck.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[48] The Stuerts circled around the cabins, waking up those who were still asleep.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[49] As the ship tilted and the bow fell deeper, the escape was unleashed.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

By 1:15 a.m., the bow had sunk into the water already down to the ship's name.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[50] Seven lifeboats had been laid into the sea, none of which were full.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[51] At 1:18 a.m., the Titanic began to tilt to the port side.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

The boat deck was filled with lifeboats from aspiring passengers in distress.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

Around this time, first class passenger Benjamin Guggenheim went to his cabin to change his best clothes to be ready to “sink like a gentleman.”


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[52] In the next twenty minutes four lifeboats were lowered into the waters.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

At 1:45 a.m., an accident had to occur when boat number 15 was lowered too fast, and boat number 13 was in danger of getting underneath.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

However, the landing ropes of the boat taavet below were cut across at the last minute.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[53] At 1:30am, fifth mate Harold Lowe fired a warning shot to prevent a group of men from jumping into boat number 14.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[54] As the last boats were already being lowered into the waters, Titanic radio telegraphers Jack Phillips and Harold Bride still continued to send distress calls to other ships.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

Carpathia received a final message from them at 1:45 a.m.: “The engine room is under water until the boilers.” [55] Then Chief Smith relieved the electrifiers of their duties.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[56] At 2:00am, the water was only three metres below the walking deck.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[1] The richest passenger on the Titanic, John Jacob Astor IV, helped his pregnant wife to the last lifeboat but remained on the ship himself.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

According to the story, the orchestra played the last hymn “Nearer my God to Thee” (“Towards you, My Lord”), [57] which bandleader Wallace Henry Hartley would have liked to have been played at his own funeral.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

The hymn is also known today as the “Titanic Anthem”.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

However, some of those saved from the Titanic have told me that since then the orchestra played still-swinging ragtime music.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[58] The ship's designer Thomas Andrews and Master Smith sank with the ship, making no attempt at all to save themselves.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[59] Director J. Bruce Ismay, on the other hand, boarded the pleat boat C.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

After the accident, magazines particularly owned by William Randolph Hearst mocked Ismay and praised those men who “died gloriously”.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[60] Ismay's reputation was not even saved by the fact that a board of examiners found that he first helped the passengers onto the boat and only afterwards boarded it himself.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[61] The landing of the last two draped boats was still in progress, with the boat deck already beginning to sink underwater.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

Boat B fell upside down on the boat deck and did not have time to turn it around before it was wiped out to sea.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

However, many managed to gape on the bottom of the upturned boat, including second mate Lightoller.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

Boat A, which was lying on deck, also capsized and people fell into the sea.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

A group of people managed to climb back into the boat filled with water.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[62] Last moments When the last lifeboats had been lowered into the waters, there were still more than 1500 passengers on board who had no hope of being rescued.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

By 2:10 a.m., the stern of the ship had risen into the air and exposed the propellers.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[63] The ship became increasingly tilted, and between about 02:10 and 02:15 the foremost chimney capsized and fell into the water on the port side, giving the pleated boat B enough momentum.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[64] Minutes later, another chimney crashed on the starboard side.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

The machinery crew had been able to keep the ship's lights burning until the closing moments, but they eventually turned off completely.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[65] The stern of the ship was elevated higher at all times, and the inclination of the ship towards the bow was approximately 45° when the hull structures failed and the ship broke in half in the middle.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

The stern fell back to a near-normal position, and the rest of the remaining chimneys tumbled into the sea, the third ahead and the fourth to the port.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

The front, which was filled with water, began to sink rapidly, dragging along the back of what was still attached to it, full of people.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[64] Eventually the sinking front came off.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

The stern remained perpendicular for a short time, but slowly it nevertheless sank, taking hundreds of passengers with it.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[66] The ship had sunk completely below the surface at about 02:20.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

[67] People stranded by the water shouted lifeboats for help, but only two boats returned.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

Those too managed to save only nine people, three of whom died shortly after being rescued.


Question: When was Titanic completed?

RMS Titanic

Other lifeboats did not dare to return to the site of the sinking because those on the boat feared the vortex caused by the ship's sinking would suck them up with them, or the boats would be knocked over by people trying to reach the boats.


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[68] Life jackets were enough for everyone, [69] but they did not protect against cold water.


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Within half an hour, almost everyone caught up in the water had frostbitten to death.


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Hitting the bottom, the Titanic's bow traveled streamlined at 55 km/h at an angle of about 15-30° towards the bottom and after hitting the bottom, the bow section did not sustain much damage.


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The stern section ran almost vertically when submerged until it began to implode and turned to sink, curling the stern ahead, causing fragments of the stern to come off.


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By the time the stern hit the bottom, it had imploded and disintegrated so badly that it broke up almost completely.


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[70] After the accident Rescue works The passenger ship RMS Carpathia arrived at the crash site first at 4:00am and began rescuing people in the lifeboats, some of whom had nevertheless perished in the cold.


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By 9 a.m., all 706 rescued had been rounded up to safety.


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[71] The Chief of Carpathia announced by telegram the accident that had befallen the Titanic.


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The ship's doctor examined the worst colded passengers and who had been in shook; others were given warm drinks and blankets.


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Passengers from Carpathia even gave the rescued their own clothes and handed them their cabins.


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[72] Carpathia was bound for the Mediterranean but returned to New York to take the Titanic passengers to their destination.


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After being saved, Bruce Ismay sent a telegram to the White Star Line's New York office saying the Titanic had sunk and the accident had claimed numerous lives.


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The U.S. Senate Investigative Committee, which investigated the accident, praised Carpathia's systematic rescue efforts.


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[73] Had the significance of the rockets sent by the Titanic been understood, many could have been saved from death.


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According to maritime rules, emergency rockets were required to depart every minute, while the Titanic rockets were dispatched at an average interval of 7—8 minutes.


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In total, eight rockets were fired from the ship within about an hour.


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[74] The SS Californian was 20—30 miles from the Titanic stalled for safety reasons overnight in place.


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Emergency rockets were also seen from the ship and attempts were made to make contact with the Titanic using a morsel lamp, but no response was received and the electrifier was not awakened.


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[75] However, a bright light was installed on the ship's mast for two hours.


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The U.S. Senate Study Committee found the Californian crew showed indifference and irresponsibility.


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Radist Cyril Evans had shut down his equipment and gone to bed just moments before the Titanic crash.


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[76] The Californian radio electrician turned on its equipment at 3:30 a.m., [76] and when the ship received word of the Titanic shipwreck, it departed for the crash site, where encountered Carpathia.


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It was left to the Californian to search for possible survivors.


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[77] The extent of the accident becomes clear Newspapers were initially forced to operate on extremely incomplete information.


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The first papers to appear after the sinking reported that not a single person had died in the Titanic shipwreck and that the ship was being towed to Halifax.


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[78] Soon, however, the extent of the accident became known in its entirety.


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White Star Line chartered two ships, CS Mackay-Bennett and CS Minian, to retrieve bodies from the crash site.


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In addition, three other ships also brought bodies ashore.


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A total of 337 deceased were found, of which 128 were buried at sea.


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209 bodies were brought ashore, and 150 of them were buried in Halifax's three cemeteries.


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[79] Victims Eventually it was understood that this was the greatest maritime accident of peacetime, which had claimed 1517 victims.


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Only 706 [80] people survived the crash.


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More men travelling in first class were saved than third-grade children.


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[81] Various estimates have been given for the number of victims and those who travelled on the Titanic.


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[82] The uncertainty arises from a number of factors, including the fact that some people who bought a ticket canceled their trip at the last minute.


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[83] Seventy-two per cent of adult women who travelled on the Titanic, 50 per cent of children and 16 per cent of adult men survived the accident.


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Ninety-one per cent of the ship's female staff survived and 21 per cent of male staff.


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[84] The most famous victims of the crash were businessman John Jacob Astor IV, ship designer Thomas Andrews, Archibald Butt, military aide to the President of the United States, mining magnate Benjamin Guggenheim, and Macy's department store owner Isidor Straus and his wife.


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Memorials have been erected to many of the victims of the crash.


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These include a statue of Chief Smith in Lichfield, [85] the Titanic Orchestra Memorial in Broken Hill [86] and Ballarat [87] in Australia, the memorial to Wallace Henry Hartley at Colne in Lancashire [88], and the memorial to Isidor and Ida Straus in New York, USA.


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[89] In 2012, after a hundred years since the accident, a Titanic-themed museum, Titanic Belfast, was opened in Belfast.


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[90] Of the dogs that travelled on the Titanic, only three lapdogs and their owners were saved, although the dogs were released from the ship's kennel.


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Many passengers reported seeing dogs running along the deck.


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[91] Accident investigation After the accident, public hearings were held in both Britain and the United States.


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The American occasion began on 19 April, and was chaired by Senator William Alden Smith.


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[92] The British hearing began under Lord Mersey 2.


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on May.


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[93] On both occasions the same conclusions were drawn: legislation on the number of lifeboats was outdated and inaccurate, [94] Chief Smith had failed to heed iceberg warnings, [95] [96] lifeboats had not been properly filled [97] [96], and the ship had not slowed its momentum.


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[95] [96] The Californian chief was heavily criticized for the ship's failure to go to aid the Titanic.


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[98] Many survivors who travelled in third class later complained that the ship's staff helped the first class passengers but that at the same time the ship's doors were locked so that third-class passengers were prevented from entering the lifeboats.


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[99] However, no justification was found for the allegation in the post-crash investigation.


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[100] Neither hearing considered negligence in respect of IMM or White Star Line to be the cause of the crash.


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The crew had only followed normal practices, so the accident could be classified as having been caused by a “natural phenomenon”.


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[101] The British consultation further found that Chief Smith had followed a traditional course of action which had not previously been considered dangerous.


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[102] The final report also pointed out that British-flagged ships alone had carried 3.5 million passengers in the previous ten years and lives were lost in the same period only 73.


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[103] Consequences A number of guidelines were introduced as a result of the accident intended to improve maritime safety.


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More lifeboats were mandatory on ships, lifeboat exercises had to be held regularly, and passenger ships had to have telegraph use 24/7.


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An international ice guard was established to guard the iceberg situation in the North Atlantic, and an international SOLAS agreement was agreed to coordinate maritime safety guidelines.


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[104] The accident also caused financial losses.


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The White Star Line's liability was settled in insurance litigation that began in the United States in June 1915 under District Judge Julius M. Mayer.


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Prior to that, on February 22, 1913, there had been a decision that a U.S. court had the right to hear damages claims in the case.


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Under United States law, the liability of ship owners was limited only to the salvage price of the ship (engl.


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salvage value), which had been estimated to be around USD 97000.


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However, a separate ruling found that British law applied to the total amount of claims, which totaled $16.8 million.


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Claims had to be sent to the court by 14 January 1913 and could be made in four categories: loss of life, loss of property, loss of life and property, and maiming and loss of property.


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Claims made by individual individuals ranged from $41 for loss of property to nearly $180,000.


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In addition, an importer filed a claim for compensation on behalf of its clients amounting to more than $220,000.


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The largest claim for loss of life — $1 million — was made by the widow of one theatre owner.


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The claims were processed by 28 July 1916, with compensation allocated totalling $663,000.


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[105] Causes of Sinking The sinking of the Titanic once provoked much fear and prejudice against shipping.


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After all, it was a maritime accident that claimed the most fatalities of its time.


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[106] There are several theories about sinking.


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According to the oldest conception, the iceberg ripped gaps in the side of the ship, but it has later been suggested that it twisted loose the rivets with which the metal plates were attached.


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In either case, water would have flooded in from the side of the ship, submerging it.


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[107] Some studies have found that the metal plates were of low quality and easily stainless steel.


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The cold water may well have frayed them, and because of them the ship could have been sunk.


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However, this is not credible, as steel made in the same way was used around that time in the majority of ships built in Great Britain.


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The steel used by Harland and Wolff has also been said to have been first-rate in its own time.


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[108] [109] The latest theory posits that rib damage according to traditional conception — especially if the steel was fragile — would be very unlikely.


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Rising water levels inside the ship would suggest, rather, that the damage was created to its bottom, not to its side.


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If the ship had received gaps in its side, it would have tilted to one side.


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Furthermore, data on the water situation in the engine rooms and auditory observations of continuous, scratching sound do not support the idea of flank damage.


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When a body moving at high speed in water collides with an object heavier than the side, it moves away from the action of kinetic energy at the first collision and does not swing back and forth a hundred meters.


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It is most likely that the Titanic ran over the underwater part of the iceberg, causing the bottom of the ship in its bow part to receive leaks.


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[110] This also explains why ice fell from the iceberg on the decks of the ship.


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Although the ship's mass was negligible compared to the iceberg, it moved quickly and tilted the mountain, allowing the upper parts of the mountain to come into contact with the superstructures.


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According to several witness accounts, the ship stopped briefly after the collision but then resumed its journey only slightly slower than before the collision.


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Chief Smith had received an overly optimistic report from the machinery master about the damage and did not expect final information from the co-pilot he sent down for the review round.


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The Titanic would have endured four compartments filling with water.


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However, the iceberg drew a cut of more than 90 metres on the ship, filling six compartments with water.


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[36] One reason for the sinking of the Titanic was that the roofs of the compartments separated by waterproof partitions were not watertight, allowing water to flood over the partitions to other parts of the ship.


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[111] After impact, the Titanic steamed forward for another ten minutes, which accelerated the sinking significantly, as it increased the pressure at which the water tirazed in.


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J. Bruce Ismay, the head of the White Star Line, is said to have demanded Chief Smith continue to advance after the collision, causing him to unknowingly aggravate the disaster.


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[112] Shortly after the sinking, it was thought that the Titanic would have remained afloat had the ship been driven directly facing the iceberg.


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Then only the bow would have been destroyed and the water would not have been able to flood four more successive compartments.


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However, according to modern understanding, the force of the collision would have been so great that the impact would have severely damaged the hull throughout the length of the ship, several rivets would have broken and the joints failed.


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The Titanic probably would have sunk much faster and under more mayhem circumstances than what actually happened.


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[113] However, even if the Titanic rudder was within the limits of its size, it cannot be considered particularly up-to-date.


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According to researchers at the Titanic Historical Society, the ship's high and narrow rudder was to cancel from 18th-century sailing ships and only a fraction in size, for example, the rudder of the Cunard Line RMS Mauretania or the RMS Lusitania.


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Apparently, the designers hadn't exactly considered how the 269-foot-long ship would be able to make an emergency turn to avoid a collision.


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[114] Perhaps an even more fatal design flaw was the Titanic's three-propeller design.


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The side propellers were powered by piston steam engines whose direction of rotation could be changed, but the centre propeller was powered by a steam turbine with no reversing gear.


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When the first mate ordered the planes to cancel, he simultaneously unwittingly deprived the ship of the turnaround capability.


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As the turbine of the central propeller in front of the rudder did not have reversing gear, it was stopped, greatly reducing the ship's maneuvering ability.


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If the ship had merely been turned without reducing speed, it might have been able to dodge the iceberg.


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[1] Some images taken of the Titanic have been theorized that damage can be seen on the right flank of the Titanic from the fire.


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One of the machinists reported that there had indeed been a fire in the ship's coal stores for as long as three weeks and was extinguished.


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This had already happened during the construction phase of the Titanic.


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The machinist reported that the fire had been so intense that the fuselage had glowed red from the heat.


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The damage had not been repaired but had been painted out of sight.


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It is theorized that the fire would have weakened the ship's hull, which ruptured on impact.


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[115] Discovery of wreckage and investigations The wreck of the Titanic could not be localized for decades due to unsophisticated diving technology.


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[116] The wreckage was not discovered until 1 September 1985, [117] when Robert Ballard, using an underwater Argo camera, discovered the engine room boiler of a giant ship lying on the seabed.


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Seventy-three years earlier, the discovery of a sunken glory cruiser attracted much attention.


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Incorrect information had been circulating about the location of the wreck, which is why it was not discovered until 1985.


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[118] The wreck of the Titanic lies on the bottom of the North Atlantic at a depth of 3798 metres 560 kilometres from Newfoundland.


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[119] The port side propeller has come loose after the ship has pushed to the seabed.


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Water pressure has shattered the glass dome and other windows to shattered, the bow mast has toppled and the gymnastics hall's roof collapsed.


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Rust has obscured the Titanic nameplate and formed a figurehead like formation on the bow, although there was no figurehead on the Titanic.


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There is a lot of bulk in the vicinity of the wreckage.


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[120] The wreck is badly decayed and damaged, and iron-eating bacteria have been calculated to dispose of more than 45 kilograms of iron from it every day.


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[7] Tourist dives have also begun to take place on the wreck, which will contribute to damage to the wreck.


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[2] In particular, the forward deck of the ship has suffered in handling miniature submarines.


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In addition, the wreckage of the Titanic is covered in debris left by tourists, and scientists have concluded that it is no longer archaeologically clean.


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[2] The Titanic is not buried at the bottom of the ocean, making it completely free of protection against degradation caused by bacteria, and much of the smaller parts of the ship have already been destroyed.


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The bow of the ship is still whole and in relatively good condition, but in about a hundred years, there will probably be only small parts left of it too.


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[7] In 2012, the wreck of the Titanic made it onto the UNESCO conservation list, therefore selling, destroying and breaking up the wreck is prohibited.


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[116] [121] The RMS Titanic company was granted exclusive rights in 1994 by court order to lift artifacts from the wreck of the Titanic.


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By 2010, some 5500 objects had already been raised to the surface.


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[2] The company funded a three-dimensional mapping carried out in 2010 to provide as accurate information about the wreck as if it had been raised to the surface.


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[122] In the same year, a US court ruled that the company was entitled to a withdrawal fee, the sum of which would be equal to the sum of the fair market value of the objects raised between 1993 and 2004.


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[123] Based on studies conducted by the RMS Titanic company, a documentary “Titanic on dry land was made.”


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A pre-unknown bacterium species was discovered in the rust of the wreck of the Titanic in 2010, which was named Halomonas titanicae.


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[124] [125] Legends and Myths Light on the Horizon Some of the passengers and crew members later reported that they observed the light of a vastly smaller ship on the horizon, on the port side of the Titanic.


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Fourth mate Joseph Boxhall concluded the ship was so close that he gave it signs with a message lamp.


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Rowing towards the light began to be rowed, but no lifeboat reached it.


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[126] The light could not come from California because it was north of the Titanic, that is, on the styyrboard side.


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[127] Afterwards, it is thought the light came from a small seal-catching vessel that would have been only ten kilometres from the Titanic.


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The ship steamed away because the crew were in illegal tinkering and fearful of being arrested.


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[7] SOS Contrary to popular belief, the crash of the Titanic was not the first time an SOS emergency badge was used.


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[128] The use of the SOS emergency sign was proposed at an international conference in Berlin as early as 1906, it was ratified in 1908, and has been in use ever since.


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In place of the SOS emergency badge, though, British electrifiers used the older CQD emergency badge.


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Chief electrifier Jack Phillips used CQD until Harold Bride, an auxiliary electrician, told him: [38] “Send SOS; it"s the new call, and this may be your last chance to send it.”


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(Send an SOS, it's a new ID and this might be your last chance to use it) Phillips, who died in an accident, switched to a CQD SOS ID after prompting.


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Superstitious explanations and conspiracy theories about the causes of the sinking, the destruction of the Titanic has provoked superstitious notions as well.


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For example, it has been argued that the Titanic's working number was 390904 in the dock and would have produced misfortune because the mirror image of the number sequence can be read “NO POPE”, meaning “no Pope”.


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[129] According to another explanation, between the double base built in haste were left dead builders whose souls would have caused the accident.


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However, the working number according to the first claim is just a story, and the shipyard's builders were not inexplicably lost during the work.


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[130] [131] The “Curse of the Titanic” has also been proposed as the cause of the sinking of the Titanic.


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The accident, for example, has been linked to the Curse of the Hope Diamond, even though the diamond was never even on the Titanic.


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[132] A mummy found in Egypt in the 1890s by a priestess of the Temple of Amon-Ran, which would have been concealed in the cargo of the Titanic by its owner, William Thomas Stead, has also been suggested to be the cause of the curse.


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He is alleged to have bought the mummy from the British Museum.


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In reality, the mummy has never been preserved in the British Museum, where only the cover of its sarcophagus is still exhibited.


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[133] Following the sinking of the Titanic in December 1913, the Federal Reserve System was established by the Federal Reserve System of the United States.


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Conspiracy theorists have sought to link events by suggesting that John Jacob Astor IV, Isidor Straus, and Benjamin Guggenheim, who perished on the Titanic, would have been against the creation of the Federal Reserve, and that the Titanic had been deliberately scuttled in their out-of-the-way clearance.


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The Jesuits, J. P. Morgan, and the Rothschild lineage have been put forward as the ordained entity to immerse the Titanic.


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[134] Torpedoes launched by an undisclosed German Navy submarine or a clash with the Titanic have also been suggested as the cause of the sinking.


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[131] Literary coincidence In 1898, Morgan Robertson published a miniature novel called Futility (“Futility”), which told the story of a glory cruiser named Titan sunk due to an iceberg collision, which would have been the most luxurious ship of its time.


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The ship depicted in the novel is slightly shorter than the Titanic and smaller in power, but otherwise similarities have been seen in the Titanic's data in the book.


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Robertson admittedly published a new version of his book in 1912, in which the ship's dimensions had been altered to reflect more of the Titanic.


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[135] Titanic in literature and film, the Titanic has had a significant influence on popular culture since its sinking.


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The accident has inspired numerous books, plays, films, poems and works of art, and various interpretations have been made of its meaning, purpose and consequences.


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Immediately after the crash, numerous poems on the subject were published.


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Of these, Thomas Hardy's “The Convergence of the Twain” (1912) was one of the most notable.


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Texts recounting the experiences of survivors of the turma — such as Margaret Brown, [136] Charles Lightoller [137], and Violet Jessop [138] and Archibald Gracie [139] — were published either during their lifetimes or posthumously.


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In addition, several pencilors attempted to profit from the tragedy by producing sensationalist books whose information was often extracted from inaccurate newspaper stories.


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[140] In 1955, Walter Lord's acclaimed non-fiction book Titanic's Night of Fate (A Night to Remember) was published, based on several survivors' narratives.


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[141] Several drama films about the Titanic have been made.


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The first of them, Saved from the Titanic, was released just 29 days after the ship sank.


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Its lead was played by silent film star Dorothy Gibson, who survived the sinking of the Titanic.


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[142] Nazi Germany exploited the accident in the propaganda film Titanic (1943).


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In addition to this, the story has appeared in the American melodrama Titanic (1953).