Question: What is the most famous teaching of Gnoscicy?

Gnosy

Morality and Ritual Practices According to the testimony given by the Source Texts, Gnostic morality has been very ascetic and pleasure-negative in its basic nature, which was evident above all in sexual behaviour and diet.


Question: What is the most famous teaching of Gnoscicy?

Gnosy

This produced problems for opponents of heresies who wrote about Gnosticism, for it was also their preferred lifestyle.


Question: What is the most famous teaching of Gnoscicy?

Gnosy

In doing so, they would also have been forced to support the deity doctrine of their opponents.


Question: What is the most famous teaching of Gnoscicy?

Gnosy

Opponents of heresies generally avoided the problem by not mentioning the issue and instead slandered the Gnostics, accusing them of libertarianism or saying their ascetics was based on misinterpretation or deceitfulness of the scriptures.


Question: What is the most famous teaching of Gnoscicy?

Gnosy

Contemporary Gnosticism Many prominent movements and figures have been influenced by Gnosticism, among them Carl Jung, William Blake, and Eric Voegelin.


Question: What is the most famous teaching of Gnoscicy?

Gnosy

The influence of Gnosticism seems to have increased with the translation and spread of Nag Hammadi's works.


Question: What is the most famous teaching of Gnoscicy?

Gnosy

For example, the Gnostic Society [13] operates in Finland and the “Gnostian Church” [14] In addition, Ecclesia Gnostica Catholica serves as the liturgical branch of the Finnish Ordo Templi Orientis.


Question: What is the most famous teaching of Gnoscicy?

Gnosy

Written sources of Gnosticism The nature and teachings of Early Christian Gnosticism cannot be entirely certain, because the teachings of Gnosticism are complex and because much of the material on Gnosticism has long come from critics of the orthodoxy from the defenders of Christianity.


Question: What is the most famous teaching of Gnosicry?

Gnosy

In his work Against Heresies, Irenaeus described several different second-century Gnostic schools in a derogatory tone and often in sarcastic detail, comparing Gnosticism to Christianity as a defeat of the former.


Question: What is the most famous teaching of Gnosicry?

Gnosy

Despite these problems, the study of Gnosticism has long relied, above all, on the writings of Irenaeus and other opponents of heresy, prompting the fact that the tone opposing heresies has long penetrated even more modern research.


Question: What is the most famous teaching of Gnosicry?

Gnosy

Of the original Gnostic works, only some isolated cases were known for a long time, such as Pistis Sofia.


Question: What is the most famous teaching of Gnosicry?

Gnosy

However, the state of things changed in 1945 when a series of 3rd-century Coptic manuscripts, many of them probably based on earlier Greek texts, were discovered near Nag Hammadi in Egypt by chance.


Question: What is the most famous teaching of Gnosicry?

Gnosy

These inscriptions are today known as the Nag Hammadi Library.


Question: What is the most famous teaching of Gnosicry?

Gnosy

Some of the best known texts of the discovery include the Gospels of Tumaa and Philip.


Question: What is the most famous teaching of Gnosicry?

Gnosticist

The discovery has allowed researchers for the first time to gain access to authentic information about Gnosticism.


Question: What is the most famous teaching of Gnosicry?

Gnosticist

Inscriptions have been translated into modern languages more widely starting in the 1970s.


Question: What is the most famous teaching of Gnosicry?

Gnosticist

The texts found later include, for example, the Gospel of Judas.


Question: What is the most famous teaching of Gnosicry?

Gnosticist

See also Agnosticism Antinomianism Apocryphal books Esoteric Christendom Gnosiology Gnosis Mandeanism Setiality Theosophy Valentinism Zarathustranism Nag Hammadi Library Sources Literature in Finnish Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Dunderberg, Ismo & Marjanen, Antti (ed.


Question: What is the most famous teaching of Gnosicry?

Gnosticist

) | title = The Hidden Wisdom of Nag Hammadi.


Question: What is the most famous teaching of Gnosicry?

Gnosticist

Gnostic and other early Christian texts| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2006| version=3. revised edition| id = ISBN 951-0-26043-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Marjanen, Antti & Dunderberg, Ismo (ed.


Question: What is the most famous teaching of Gnosicry?

Gnosticist

) | title = Gospel of Judas.


Question: What is the most famous teaching of Gnosicry?

Gnosticist

Introduction, translation and interpretation| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2006| id = ISBN 951-0-32399-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Pagels, Elaine| title = Gnostic gospels| location = Helsinki| publisher = Art House| year = 2006| version = Gnostic Gospels , 1979.)


Question: What is the most famous teaching of Gnosicry?

Gnosticist

English translation Outi Lehtiwood| id = ISBN 951-884-416-X}} In English Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jonas, Hans| title = The Gnostic Religion| location = Boston| publisher = Beacon| year = 1963}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Layton, Bentley (ed.


Question: What is the most famous teaching of Gnosicry?

Gnosticist

) | title = The Rediscovery of Gnosticism| location = Leiden| publisher = E. J. Brill| year = 1981}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Layton, Bentley| title = The Gnostic Scriptures| location = London| publisher = SCM Press| year = 1987| id = ISBN 0-334-02022-0}} Citation error , replace with {{cite book| author = Marjanen, Antti (ed.


Question: What is the most famous teaching of Gnosicry?

Gnosticist

) | title = Was There a Gnostic Religion? | location = Helsinki| publisher = The Finnish Exegetical Society| year = 2005| id = ISBN 951-9217-42-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Markschies, Christoph| title = Gnosis: An Introduction| location = London| publisher = T & T version Clark| year = 2001| = Translation by John Bowden}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Robinson, James McConkey| title= The Nag Hammadi Library in English| publisher = HarpersanFrancisco| year = 1990| id = ISBN 0-06-066934-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Rudolph, Kurt| title = Gnosis: The Nature & Structure of Gnosticism| location = Edinburgh| publisher = R&T Clark| year = 1983| id = ISBN 0567086402}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Turner, John D.| title = Sethian Gnosticism and the Platonic Tradition| location = Québec| publisher = Les Presses de l'Université | year = 2001| id = ISBN 2-7637-7834-8}} On the topic elsewhere in the Gnosticism pages of the Department of Exegetics of the University of Helsinki. Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What is the most famous teaching of Gnosicry?

Gnosticist

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What is the most famous teaching of Gnosicry?

Gnosticist

Category:Key articles on screening


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

The International Family () is a new religious community originating in the United States.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

The community has previously been known by the names Children of God (engl.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

Children of God, from 1968—1977), Family of Love (engl.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

The Family of Love, 1978—1981) as well as The Family (engl.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

The Family, from 1982—2003).


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

The movement is often known today by its original name “Children of God”.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

The movement currently has an estimated population of just over 11000 members in about 100 countries.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

The movement itself considers itself to be a Christian evangelism organization.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

The International Family has been controversial as an organization since its founding.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

In particular, its early years habit of recruiting young people as its members and sending them to live in community commune, away from their families, provoked opposition.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

Parents of young people who joined the movement founded their own organisation in 1971 to help their children and disconnect them away from the community of the Children of God.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

This organization, Free Our Children from the Children of God (engl.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

Free Our Children from the Children of God, commonly known by the acronym FREECOG) was the first widely known anticult organization, which in turn served as a model for several later similar organizations.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

History of the Movement Children of God (1968—1977) Children of God was born in 1968 in Huntington Beach, California, United States, within the locally powerful Jesus movement.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

The Jesus Movement had emerged within the hippie movement of the 1960s, and its value world and also idealism was similar to that of the hippie movement.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

Typical of the Jesus Movement's views of faith was an emphasis on unorthodox and opposition to authority, pacifism, and especially opposition to the Vietnam War, keeping ecology on display and organic living, and small basic communities that emphasized equality.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

On the other hand, the Bible view of the Jesus movement tended to be quite fundamentalist, and the second coming of Jesus, for example, was often urgently anticipated.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

All these ingredients also appeared in the community of the Children of God.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

The founder of Children of God was Reverend David Brandt Berg (1919—1994), whose mother was a radio evangelist and father a Swedish-born priest.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

Later, he was popularly known in the movement as Father Moses, Father Mo or simply Father.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

David Berg himself served as a priest in his youth, but later left office after coming to the conclusion that living Christianity affects outside all churches.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

In the late 1960s, he founded the New Light Club, a café for young people, where he preached the speedy second coming of Jesus in the spirit of the Jesus movement and held Bible and prayer circles.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

In 1968, he organized the groups of young people gathered in his cafeteria into one organization, the Children of God.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

David Berg saw the young people gathered around him as the bridal congregation of God's Last Days, God's Chosen Children who would endure through the apocalyptic ordeals that would soon begin.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

From the parents of young people in the surrounding world and the school establishment to the governments of the states, Berg saw Satan as possessed and through and through evil.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

They came with him to turn his back.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

Berg therefore urged young people who joined their community to leave their parents and families and move to communities of believers founded by the Children of God, the commune.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

In them, equality and the connection of property prevailed.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

Within a few years, Berg had established more than 300 communities in California and surrounding states, with residents mostly young, between the ages of 15 and 30.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

In the early 1970s, David Berg began proclaiming the prophecy he received that California would sink into the ocean in a major earthquake in 1979.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

Because of this, he urged his followers to move from there to safer states inland.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

Berg himself, too, moved out of California.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

According to David Berg, the world was at high speed nearing its end and the millennial kingdom was already close.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

In his view, the end of time would culminate in World War III, in which the United States and Israel would suffer defeat to the Soviet Union and the Arabs.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

Since Berg said it was only possible to cope with the coming destruction in connection with the children of God, he saw the task of his adherents before the rest of the vigorous missionary work to persuade as many as possible to join the ranks of the rescued.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

Berg urged his supporters to devote all the traffic time to reach people in turku and square and convert them.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

In addition to the Bible, the tracts written by David Berg, MO letters (engl.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

MO-letters).


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

In 1974, Berg urged female members of the movement to engage in sex with men should this be necessary to convert them.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

In some cases, men may also have used the same method to convert women.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

This practice, which became known as Flirty Fishing, very soon attracted great negative attention.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

The practice was officially discontinued in 1987 because it attracted much negative publicity and because members of the movement were wanted to guard against the raging AIDS epidemic.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

David Berg kept the threads of the community he founded firmly in his hands.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

He led his organisation through shepherd letters, or MO letters, which he wrote before else.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

Some of the MO letters were intended to be publicly disseminated in missionary work, some as internal bulletins of the organisation.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

Some of the letters were intended only for commune leaders.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

The Mo letters, which could contain very detailed instructions and orders, were considered in the organization as the spirit revelations of God, the word of God for this time.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

Thus, they were practically unreciprocated.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

The Mo letters also contained prophecies about the future received by Berg.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

However, Berg got it wrong several times, which he himself had to admit.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

Family of Love (1978—1981) In February 1978, David Berg unexpectedly announced that he was disbanding the strict hierarchical organization of the Children of God.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

The organisation's communes became their own independent units, which, though still, acknowledged David Berg's authority as God's speech horn.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

The reasons that led to the dissolution of the organisation have never been exhaustively clarified.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

Probably at least part of the blame were the actions that threatened the organisation for luring minors away from their homes, child sexual abuse and financial ambiguity.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

Flirty fishing evangelism must have also been a part of the cause.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

It provoked plenty of polemic and tension within the movement, besides, the movement was threatened by several lawsuits accusing it of prostitution.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

When the organisation was disbanded, David Berg singled out about 300 members of the movement's leaders, including his own daughter Deborah Davis, from the connection of the Children of God.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

Along with some of the other expelled, Deborah David founded her own community, No Longer Children, which has at times very vehemently attacked the Children of God, accusing it of child abuse and sexual abuse among others.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

In various trials, however, the movement has repeatedly been found not guilty.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

Family (1982—2003) The controversial practice of flirty fishing was officially discontinued in 1987, at the same time the movement declared that sexual intercourse with a non-member of the movement is grounds for separation.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

However, Love's family continued to vigorously evangelize through other means, including door-to-door work, street evangelism and sharing tracts.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

Also in importance was the movement's own music.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

In the United States, a major medium of evangelism was the radio station Music with Meaning owned by David Berg.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

In the 1980s, Family activities became internationalized.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

Communes of the movement emerged in Europe, Africa, and Latin America in addition to the United States.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

Especially since the 1990s, the Family began to take part in various humanitarian development aid projects along with traditional missionary and evangelism work.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

Thus, its methods began to converge with the missionary work carried out today by traditional churches.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the International Family, along with several other Christian communities, began vigorous missionary work in the Eastern European region.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

The movement's leader, David Berg, died in October 1994, and his secretary and common-law wife Karen Zerby, known within the movement by the names Mama Maria, Queen Maria, Maria David and Maria Fontaine, rose to the leadership of the movement.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

She married her perennial partner Steven Douglas Kelly, known as Peter Amsterdam or King Peter and who, legally, changed his name to Christopher Smith.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

Because of living an isolated life, Karen Zerby became Christopher Smith his public representative and Speaker.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

In February 1995, Karen Zerby published a new charter for the movement.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

It further defined the rights and obligations of those in the movement and of the commune.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

The Charter established a new, more permissive lifestyle in the International Family.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

It was now easier for the supporters of the movement to choose their own path and make independent solutions in their lives.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

The de facto sovereignty of the commune was also increased.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

The charter defined the type of support movement members had the right to expect from the community, as well as what responsibilities the membership had to the community.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

For example, they are expected to provide financial support for the movement in the form of tithes, three per cent support for the Families Support Fund and one per cent support for local needs.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

The charter also more closely regulated family life and the status of children in the community.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

It said children from families belonging to the community had the right to a safe and protected childhood and to their parents' upbringing and support.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

At the same time, the charter made a clear hive difference to practices that had attracted criticism outside the movement, such as violent parenting methods and support for underage sexuality.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

International Family (2004—) In 2004, the community changed its name to International Family.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

At the same time, the Community's strategy and practices were changed, in part back to earlier times.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

The movement's publications began to emphasize members' full-time and full-hearted devotion to God and the movement.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

The importance of evangelism also began to be re-emphasised.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

The second half of 2004 was devoted to activating members so that these would dedicate themselves whole-heartedly to serving the movement.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

Supporters of the movement were divided into groups according to how holistically these were devoted to its principles.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

Membership was divided into Family Disciples (FD), Missionary Members (MM), Fellow Members (FM), Active Members (AM), Active Members (AM), and General Members (GMs).


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

According to the International Family's own member registers, there were 1238 commune in the world at the beginning of 2005, with a total of 10202 members living.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

Of these, 266 commune belonged to family disciples, of which there were 4884, 255 to missionary members numbering 1769, and 717 to comrade members, who in turn numbered 3549.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

Lower categories of members were not stated because they do not live in community commune.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

Doctrine of the Movement The International Family says they belong doctrinally to the Protestant branch of Christianity.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

According to it, the Bible is the supreme foundation and guideline of all doctrine and life.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

The bible view of the movement is fundamentalist.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

According to it, the text of the Bible is in its entirety breathed by God and therefore infallible.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

The movement rejects the theory of evolution, for example, and instead teaches the creation of the world in six literal days.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

Its creation vision can be characterized as young-earth creationism.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

The movement recognizes the Old Church teaching of God, who has declared himself as three persons, Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

So it confesses to the tri-common God.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

Likewise, the movement recognizes the Christological dogmas of the early Church regarding the divine and human nature of Jesus, or the so-called bi-nature doctrine.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

In the theology of the International Family, Jesus is the Son of God, who is the Savior and Redeemer of all mankind.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

The movement teaches the Protestant doctrine of salvation that man is saved alone from faith and alone by grace.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

By believing in Christ and receiving him as his personal Savior, man goes from evil to God's power and is saved.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

According to the doctrine of movement, a man once saved is always saved, meaning man can no longer lose the bliss he has achieved.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

The International Family emerged as part of the Charismatic Movement, and gifts of the Holy Spirit remain central to its theology.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

According to Paul 1.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

The gifts of the Holy Spirit mentioned in the 12th chapter of the Epistle of Corinthians are manifested even today in the parish.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

According to the doctrine of the movement, its members can receive guidance from God through prophecies, and God can heal the sick.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

According to the conception of the movement, God maintains contact with humanity through the spirits serving, angels.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

On the other hand, the late saints can also serve as messengers of God.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

Many of the members of the movement report that they receive messages from the departed, and many mention the dead as their teachers or spirit guides.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

According to the teaching of the movement, all life is the gift of God and therefore sacred.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

Both abortion and euthanasia are condemned as contrary to God's will.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

The theology of the international family differs from traditional churches mainly in that it does not deliver (water) baptism nor communion.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

Both, according to the teaching of the movement, must be understood spiritually and spiritually.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

Baptism is, according to it, a metaphor for the rebirth of the Holy Spirit, while communion describes a prayer connection with God.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

The international family has become quite permissive in sexual morality over the years.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

According to it, sexuality is God's good and precious gift of creation, aimed at, not only procreation, but also the production of pleasure for people.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

Movement embraced by so-called According to Jesus' Law of Love, heterosexual relationships between adults are not a sin.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

In practice, today this law applies only among members of the movement.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

In contrast, homosexual acts are condemned as anti-nature.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

A distinctive doctrine in the organization is also the idea of “loving Jesus”.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

The teaching is related in part to Old Ecclesiastical Bridal Mysticism, in which the believer feels that he associates with Jesus as his bride (“Bride of Christ” is a grammar image of the congregation used in the New Testament).


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

However, in the theology of the International Family, the idea of loving Jesus has acquired heavily erotic traits.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

Movement members are instructed to think about associating with Jesus as they make love or masturbate.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

To avoid homoerotic evocations, male members are advised to identify with the woman in this context.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

“Loving Jesus” is considered to create a particularly close and intimate relationship between Jesus and the believer.


Question: Who has founded the Children of God community?

International Family

Links Category:Christian Movements


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

Korpilahti (informally) is a former municipality of Finland located in central Finland, between Muurame and Jämsä, on both sides of Päijänne.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

The municipality joined the city of Jyväskylä in early 2009.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

The neighbouring municipalities of Korpilahti were Joutsa, Jyväskylä mlk, Jämsä, Jämsänkoski, Luhanka, Muurame, Petäjävesi and Toivakka.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

The municipality of Korpilahti had a population in 2009 [1] and about 4500 cottagers in addition to these during the summer period.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

The municipality covered an area of km2, of which km² were bodies of water.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

[2] It contains land on both sides of Päijänne, and there are about 200 lakes in the area.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

The population is almost entirely Finnish-speaking.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

In the sub-division of Jyväskylä, Korpilahti forms the Korpilahti Sub-Region.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

In 2009, the Korpilahti Sub-Region had 5,071 inhabitants and in 2016 it had a population of 4,960 [3].


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

Traffic through Korpilahti passes through Highway 9, formerly also Highway 4.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

In the former Korpilahti district, on the Korpilahden-Luhanga highway (No.610), the Kärkistensalmi Bridge, built between 1995 and 1997 and replaced the loss, is located.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

Sub-regional road 610, the only road connection connecting the western and eastern parts of Korpilahti, continues through Luhanga to Joutsa, where it joins Highway 4 (formerly Base Road 59) east of Päijänne.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

At the end of the 1970s, a short track from Jämsänkoski to Jyväskylä was completed through Korpilahti, and it greatly shortened the train journey from Tampere to Central Finland.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

The railway section has the longest railway tunnel in Finland in the Korpilahti region, the Lahtenvuori Tunnel, approximately 4.2 kilometres long.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

The railway is irrelevant for local transport conditions as it has no passenger transport facilities in the Korpilahti district.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

Korpilahti belongs to the catchment area of both Jyväskylä and Jämsä; the centre of each is about 30 km from the Korpilahti church village.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

[4] Distances from Korpilahti Helsinki 240 km Jyväskylä 30 km Lahti 145 km Tampere 120 km History Prehistoric artifacts found in the Korpilahti area show that people have moved around the region at least 5000, perhaps as early as 7000 years ago.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

Hämäish lot visitors appeared in the Korpilahti area around the 400—5th centuries after the beginning of the period, as is inferred from the oval fire stones found.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

However, a solid settlement did not form until much later, and the area remained the hinterland of Jämsä for a long time.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

The eastern part of Korpilahti in Päijänne was a wilderness area for the keepers of Askkala and Sääksmäki.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

Disputes arising from wilderness holdings were also resolved by the district authorities, and the Jämsä district protocols for 1492 and 1495 mentioned names such as Korospohja, Särkäntaipale and Kiikäsvaha.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

According to the Land Book of 1539 there were 13 houses in the area of present-day Korpilahti.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

[4] Korpilahti was formed as Jämsä Chapel in 1691 and included the later Muurame and Säynätsalo.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

The first church of the keeper was damaged during the Great Wrath and a new church was completed in 1755 under the leadership of Arvi Junkkarinen, a Leppävirtan.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

The present church was built according to drawings by architect Charles Bass between 1823 and 1826.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

Korpilahti was ordered by an imperial letter of order in October 1861 to be separated into an independent parish, but the first vicar of its own was not obtained until 1872.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

Korpilahti had a maximum population of over 10,000 people in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

Muurame separated from Korpilahti in 1920 — the population of Korpilahti declined by almost 3000 people — and Sääynätsalo further from Muurame in 1923.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

[4] Korpilahti was inhabited after the Continuation War by settlers from Valkjärvi.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

[5] Korpilahti remained a traditional farming and forestry manager until the 1950s, when small-scale industries began to emerge in the locality.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

Until 1960, Korpilahti belonged to Häme County, from where it was transferred to the newly created Central Finland County.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

During the 1960s, Korpilahti's population began to decline sharply, even more than in many more remote municipalities.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

Exclusively during 1965, the population decreased by 197 people.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

Nearby Jyväskylä attracted especially young migrants.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

[4] Population The following graph shows the population trend of Korpilahti every ten years between 1880 and 1970 with an additional 1975 population.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

In 1920, Muurame was separated from Korpilahti, which had 2,763 inhabitants at the time.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

The Muurami was further separated in 1923 into the parish of Säynätsalo by an area with a population of 581 people.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

[6] Villages Korpilahti villages include e.g.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

Moksi, Tikkala, Oittila, Saukkola, Ylä-Muuratjärvi, Putkilahti, Saakoski and Sarvenperä.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

Attractions Along Seututie 610, just under ten kilometres from Kärkistensalmi towards Luhanga, is currently a nature reserve, which rises more than 120 metres above the surface of Päijänne, whose plant variety is exceptionally abundant compared to the environment.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

The mountain had one of the steepest climbs of Finnish national roads until the current road was completed on the eastern side of the earlier road in 1984.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

Imatran Voima was planning a pumped power station on the mountain since the 1960s, which was intended to be the first of its kind in Finland, but this project was finally buried in the early 2000s.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

One of the protected measuring points of the UNESCO World Heritage listed Struve chain is located on the former Korpilahti, Oravi Mountain.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

A consultative referendum on accession to Jyväskylä was held in Korpilahti.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

There were 2,505 people who voted, of whom 1,303 (52.0%) opposed the union and 1,055 (42.1%) were in favour.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

Despite the outcome of the vote and the civic debate, Korpilahti Municipal Council decided by a vote of 17-10 that the municipality would merge with Jyväskylä on 1 January 2009.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

Jyväskylä also approved the joint.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

In addition, according to the decision of 18 February 2008, the new city was joined by the rural municipality of Jyväskylä.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

An amendment to the division of municipalities was submitted to the Ministry of the Interior to annex the southern part of Korpilahti to Jämsa.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

The area proposed for annexation accounted for 20.8% of the municipal area and 12.9% of the municipal population lived in the area.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

Twenty-two comments arrived in the municipality by the deadline, 6 in favour and 16 opposing the proposed annexation to Jämsä.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

Anssi Nykänen, the former mayor of Korpilahti, and Markku Andersson, the mayor of Jyväskylä, supported the union with Jyväskylä.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

Instead, Jyväskylä MPs and city councillors Petri Neittaanmäki and Ahti Vielma opposed the union.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

Food culture Korpilahti's keeper dishes were named in the 1980s as blood palttu and lingonberries and rattamate, or berry warmth.


Question: What is the area of Korpilahti?

Korpilahti

[7] Sources on the topic elsewhere * Category:Key articles on screening


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Ionizing radiation is high-energy radiation capable of altering the electrical charges of atoms, that is, to ionize them.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Ionization occurs when an atom loses an electron from its electron shell.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

In this case, the chemical reactivity of atoms changes and the compounds that consist of them can decay.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

The biological effects of radiation are based on this.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Ionizing radiation can be particle radiation, such as electrons, or electromagnetic radiation such as X-ray radiation.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

The term “radioactive radiation” is imprecise, but usually refers to ionizing radiation — “radiation associated with radioactivity”.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Radioactivity refers to the tendency of certain atoms to emit radiation.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Since radiation is not composed of atoms, it is not, and even can't be radioactive.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Moreover, nearly all ionizing radiation is not the result of radioactivity (for example, cosmic radiation, X-ray radiation).


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Radiation Species Typical types of ionizing radiation include X-ray radiation, cosmic radiation, and radiation from various radioactive substances, which is further divided into the three most significant types of radiation: alpha beta and gamma radiation.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

As a radioactive atom decays, the atom radiates some of its energy as high-energy radiation into the environment.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Depending on the type of nuclear reaction that occurred, the radiation generated consists of nuclei of a helium atom, i.e., alpha radiation, electrons, or beta radiation, or electromagnetic radiation, i.e. gamma radiation.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

There are also other, less common types of particle radiation, such as neutron radiation.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Compared to low-energy electromagnetic radiation, for example radio waves, the ability of ionizing radiation to penetrate matter is low because ionizing radiation due to its high energy is sensitively absorbed by the substance.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

In the case of particles, the permeability is even weaker: alpha radiation already stops on a sheet of paper or cloth, and an aluminum foil or glass plate is sufficient to stop beta radiation.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

As electromagnetic radiation, gamma radiation does not similarly stop completely upon impact with a layer of matter, but is gradually attenuated.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

In the case of gamma radiation, the term half-life thickness is usually used, which is the sufficient amount of matter to halve the radiated power, for example, in the case of concrete, a few centimeters.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

The half-life depends on the energy of the gamma radiation and the elemental composition of the medium, as well as the density.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Because the damping effect increases exponentially — twice the half-life thickness attenuates the radiation to a quarter of the original — a metre of concrete is enough to dampen even strong gamma radiation practically completely.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Radiation detection Ionizing radiation cannot be detected with senses.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Instruments are used to detect it, the most common of which are Geiger detectors, proportional counters and various semiconductor detectors.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Biological influences Nature is rich in sources of ionizing radiation: for example, cosmic radiation comes from space and there is naturally radioactivity in the soil (e.g.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

radon gas generated as a decay product of uranium).


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Among the atoms of most substances, there are also radioactive isotopes.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Consequently, all substances, organisms and also humans are constantly exposed to weak ionizing radiation and organisms, including man, are adapted to normal environmental radiation.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

The radiation dose is measured in millisieverts, mSv.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Annual doses from natural radiation are normally between 2 and 20 mSv.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Strong radiation causes harm to biological organisms when their cellular chemistry is disrupted under the influence of excessive ionization.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

A large enough dose of radiation will eventually cause direct cell destruction and mutations in DNA.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

In humans, the first effects detected in accurate medical tests occur at a single dose of about 500 mSv, which is therefore about 100 times the regular annual dose.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

At such a low dose, a person does not perceive the effect himself, and no symptoms of radiation sickness occur, but the dose must be tested.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Radiation sickness occurs when a single dose is thousands of mSvs.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Early symptoms of the illness include fatigue, weakness, vomiting and general nausea.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Mild radiation sickness may not be accompanied by other symptoms, but will improve in due course without treatment.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

At higher doses, more severe symptoms often occur only after a couple of weeks of exposure, with infections, intestinal damage and blood anaemia due to bone marrow damage, depending on the dose magnitude.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Radiation sickness is treated with symptomatic measures: usually hydration, blood transfusions and antimicrobials.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

The prognosis for a person suffering from radiation sickness is quite good if the dose is below 5000 mSv.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

The lethal radiation dose is approximately 10000 mSv.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Hazardous doses of radiation are extremely rare.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Available data comes mostly from the Hiroshima and Nagasaki nuclear bomb threat zones and nuclear reactor accidents.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

History knows cases where occupational exposure, for example, by those working with X-ray machines or radioactivity, has accidentally caused a dangerous dose of radiation.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

This happened to a large number of power plant workers and rescue staff members at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, about thirty of whom received a rapid fatal dose of radiation in the 1986 nuclear accident.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Continuous, i.e. chronic doses of radiation normally obtained from nature (2—20 mSv/v), have been found to cause long-term effects in addition to the immediate (acute) symptoms mentioned above.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Unlike acute effects, chronic effects on the body manifest themselves at random.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

In other words, chronic radiation exposure doesn't inevitably cause you to get sick, but rather affects your risk of having deformed children or later contracting cancer or leukemia later.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

In the short run, for an individual, the effect of radiation dose is often negligible because the change in the likelihood of getting sick can be small compared to the risk of getting sick that exists anyway.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

In a single case of cancer, its cause in general can not be determined with certainty.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Instead, when determining the impact of radiation, the population dose due to high radiation exposure and its relationship to the prevalence of cancer occurrence in the population is assessed.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Radiation doses received in the affected areas of Hiroshima and Nagasaki have been so high that there has been a marked increase in cancers.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

[1] In Chernobyl deposition areas, thyroid cancer and malformations have also become significantly more common.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Radiation Protection about the safety of nuclear facilities is described in the article Nuclear safety.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Shielding against ionizing radiation is usually carried out by quite simple actions.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Since the biological effects of radiation depend on the radiation dose, the goal of conservation efforts is to limit it.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

The main means of protection from radiation are: Time The radiation dose depends on the time, so the time of exposure to radiation should be limited Protection The medium between the radiation source and the human protects from radiation Distance Increasing the distance between the radiation source and the human dampen radiation Ionizing radiation travels in a straight line like light, and the radiation does not spread through ventilation and contaminates the room.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

You can cover the radiation source with a shade that is not penetrated by radiation.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

For example, in X-ray, those parts of the body that are not photographed are often covered with poorly radiation-permeable, for example, made of lead, shade mats.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

On the other hand, if you can turn off the radiation source, the radiation will disappear immediately.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

The body that received radiation does not itself become radiant.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

For example, there is no “afterglow” left in the room used for X-ray imaging; the radiation disappears immediately when the X-ray tube is turned off.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Even if radiation cannot spread or remain in the environment, radioactive substances can spread into the environment where other substances are.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

For this reason, fine-grained powdered radioactive material is particularly dangerous.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Powder can easily pass into the body, for example, through the lungs or digestive system.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

In this case, for example, an alpha emitter can also be hazardous to health.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Some of the radioactive substances, like many metals, are also chemically toxic.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Chemical toxicity is not related to radioactivity.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Radiation-related phenomena Ionizing radiation carries with it relatively large amounts of energy, so it can cause many different physical and chemical phenomena when absorbed.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

For example, many self-illuminating meter displays, clock visors, compasses, et al., derive their energy from radioactive material, the radiation emitted by which does not penetrate the shell of the object, but donates its energy to the medium, which in turn emits visible light.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

The phenomenon is called fluorescence.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

In the reactor core of a nuclear reactor, you can see a phenomenon called Cherenkov radiation, which occurs when particles moving in the reactor exceed the speed of light in a medium, usually water acting as a reactor retardant.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Cherenkov radiation includes all wavelengths from a wide band.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

The main part of it is ultraviolet radiation, and short wavelengths predominate in the range of visible light, hence purple and blue.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

This phenomenon is visible to the naked eye almost exclusively when looking at the reactor core, which you can safely do when there is enough water (usually meters) in between to dampen the radiation.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Possibly these phenomena have inspired cartoonists and film sets when they present radioactive substances or ionizing radiation as a visible glow.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

In reality, ionizing radiation will never be visible, not even when accompanied by a visible phenomenon like the one described above.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Alpha and beta radiation cannot be seen because they are particle radiation.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Gamma radiation is electromagnetic radiation like light, but its wavelength (approx.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

10 pm) is so short that it can't be detected by the human eye.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

In general, radiation does not involve any immediate phenomenon that can be observed in human senses; its existence can only be established by a meter.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

At high doses of radiation, however, even solids can react perceptibly to ionizing radiation.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

For example, the internal microstructure of polymer materials such as plastics and wood is broken under intense gamma radiation, causing materials to lose strength and break down easily.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

For example, on wood, a dose of 6.5 mGy causes a breakdown of the structure.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

[2] Use of Radiation Ionizing radiation is utilized in many ways.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Since ionizing radiation is easy to detect with a detector, extremely small amounts of radioactive isotopes are sufficient to become tracers.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

This feature is exploited in areas such as water exploration in arid regions, farming, industry and research.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Radiation is used in pest control by sterilizing insects and thus reducing populations.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Radiation is used in medicine so for imaging (e.g.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

X-ray), radiotherapy, as well as sterilization of medical instruments, bandages and others.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

In physics research using ionizing radiation is common.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

In space exploration, ionizing radiation is both observed and exploited in radioactive power sources, which are the only practical source of energy for many far-flung spaceflights.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Sources of ionizing radiation found in homes include many smoke detectors, light colours for watches and compasses (non-radiant phosphorence is also used), fluorescent lighters, eyeglasses, lenses for cameras and binoculars, welding needles, and glow socks for petromaks oil lamps.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Even gems can contain trace amounts of radioactive materials to deepen the colours.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

In the past, porcelain products used radioactive salts as colours, but now their use has been abandoned.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

The shelf life of foods can be improved by sterilizing them with ionizing radiation.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

This used to be more common in the preservation of spices, but due to the stir that has arisen by irradiation, sterilised spices are hardly sold in Finland and such spices must have a mention of irradiation.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Radiation cannot be transmitted to foods upon sterilization; instead, the effect of radiation on food chemical agents is seen as a potential health risk.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Generally, this effect is assessed as equal in all sterilization procedures and no health risk is considered essential.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Units of Exposure and Measurement The effect of ionizing radiation is called exposure: a coulomb per kilogram (C/kg) is the SI unit used to measure exposure to ionizing radiation.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

The unit measures the amount of radiation that causes a charge of one coulomb in one kilogram of matter.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

The effect of ionizing radiation on a living body has more to do with the amount of energy radiation has left in the target substance per unit mass.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

This is expressed by the absorbed dose: Gray (Gy), indicates the amount of radiation with which 1 joule of energy is transmitted to 1 kilogram of any matter.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

The equivalent dose describes the radiation dose induced by ionizing radiation and specifically its biological effect: Sievert (Sv), a unit of radiation dose that can be calculated from the absorbed dose by means of weighting factors dependent on the nature of the radiation.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

See also Radon Nuclear Energy Radiation therapy Radiation sickness Sources Silvennoinen, Martti: Heartbeats after Hiroshima — Diary of a World Traveler, Book Workshop, Helsinki, 1973.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

ISBN 951-621-070-8.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

(p. 16—17) References elsewhere (pdf) Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Is there ionizing radiation inside the tracks?

Ionizing radiation

(pdf) Category:Radioactivity Category:Electromagnetic Radiation Category:Carcinogens Category:Key articles in screening


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The Finnish Civil War was fought between the Senate of Finland, or the government, and troops led by the Finnish People's Delegation that had rebelled against it from 27 January — 15 May 1918.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The armed forces of the Senate were white troops and the Finnish Red Guard, or Red Guards, as the People's Delegation.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The army of the German Empire supported the Whites by capturing Helsinki, Lahti and other southern Finnish cities.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

Soviet-Russia supported the Reds by donating weapons to them.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The Civil War was part of the state and social transformation in Europe caused by World War I.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

In 1917, World War I led to the dissolution of the Russian Empire and a political struggle for power, and eventually to the Russian Civil War.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

As a result of the collapse of Russia, a part of the Empire, the Grand Duchy of Finland, declared independence as Finland on 6 December 1917, but the intensification and dissolution of internal tensions within Finnish society led to the dissolution of state power within 1917 and a military crisis which resulted in the formation of two centres of power equipped with armed forces in the country.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

[1] The crisis culminated at the end of January in 1918 with a civil war between the Reds and Whites.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The Reds ruled Southern Finland, the Whites controlled Central and Northern Finland.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The military strength of both sides was about 80,000 troops.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The Whites arrived to be supported by an additional 13,000 soldiers strong force of the German army.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

Russia supported the Reds mainly by handing over weapons to the Red Guards.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The settlement battles of the war took place in March—April 1918.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The Battle of Tampere began on 16 March and ended on 6 April C.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

To the victory of the white forces led by G. Mannerheim.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

On 3 April, the German Army's Baltic Division under Major General Rüdiger von der Goltz had come ashore in southern Finland with a strength of about 13,000 troops, taking Helsinki, Lahti and other southern Finnish cities during the same month.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

At the end of April, the Whites still took Vyborg.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The Reds offensive phase, which began in February 1918, ended in almost total failure [2].


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

Germany's entry into the Finnish Civil War shortened the war and saved, among other things, Helsinki from devastating battles.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

[3] The civil war ended with the victory of the white Finnish and German army.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

Russia's reign ended in Finland, but the country passed into the reign of Imperial Germany for the remainder of World War I.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

After Germany lost the Great War, the independence gained by the Finns in December 1917 took full effect.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

In this case, projects to transform Finland into a Kingdom were also abandoned; the country became a republican democracy with the contribution of the Western Great Powers of Europe.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

[4] The civil war is the most conflicting event in Finnish history, whose effects on Finnish and Finnish society have been exceptionally long lasting.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

As is often the case with infighting within nations, there was widespread terror during and after the war.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

While the war effort was underway, both sides committed political terror and brutality.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

As the war wore on at the hands of the Reds, 1424 whites died executed, 4 died in a prison camp.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

At the hands of the Whites, 7370 Reds died executed, 11652 died in a prison camp, most after the war effort had already ended, as the capture and execution of Red or Red suspects continued on a large scale even after the last combatants surrendered.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

[5] In total, the civil war claimed about 38,000 casualties.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

[6] Some 75% of them were Reds, most killed in executions during the war and after the end of the war in prison camps from starvation and disease.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

In the actual combat action, nearly equal numbers of both red and white died.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

Of the terror victims, a minority were white, and Russian citizens were also executed.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The other casualties of the war were mainly German and Russian soldiers fallen in the fighting.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

[7] The civil war deepened the divide of the Finnish people.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The winning party considered the worst material in society to have risen, with Russian support, to revolt against the legitimate government, so those who lost were largely viewed as criminals.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

However, the outcome of World War I strengthened the position of moderate and broad-based national thought oriented populations in society.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

This allowed for slow defragmentation among populations.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

[8] War designations The war has been given a variety of names reflecting the power political and social tendencies of different historical times as well as ideological emphases.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The most coloured names in this regard include the Revolutionary War, the Class War, the Red Rebellion, and the Crofter Revolt.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

More balanced names include Civil War, Revolution, Rebellion and Brotherly War.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The most neutral expressions are the War of 1918 (in Finland), the Finnish War 1918, the events of 1918 or, to paraphrase Veijo Merta, the events of spring 1918.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The Revolution was one of the first appointments of the 1918 war on the side of the People's Delegation.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The Red Party also called the war a class war and a rebellion.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

In addition, the freedom fight name was used, for example, in obituaries and funerals of Red Guards.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The civil war name was commonly used on both sides of the front during the war.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

Whites additionally used the names Red Rebellion and Rebellion.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

In the late stages of the war and beyond, the victors” side began to emphasize the national nature of the war as a war of liberation against Russia and the Reds it supported.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

[9] In part of historical research, the war is now mainly referred to as the Civil War, which is also better suited to international practice.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

Although it is artificial and developed to suit the needs of the historiography of the moment.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The civil war term describes the nature of war neutrally (cf.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

the Revolutionary War, Class War) and include foreign powers involvement in the war.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

On the other hand, since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the use of the term freedom war has experienced a subtle renaissance in Finland.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

[10] [11] [12] The Roots of War Fundamentals In the 19th century, the Grand Duchy of Finland became industrialised, economic and political activities became vacant and the population grew.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

This changed the structure of the prevailing legal society and created conflicts.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The internal dominance of the enactments changed as the peasants and bourgeoisie grew stronger.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

However, the most significant change was the growth of non-regulated populations, the number of land and industrial working people and the rise of self-worth, socialism, nationalism and also liberalism as their tools.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The Finnish labour movement emerged at the end of the 19th century from the foundations of folk and revival movements, with the slow but steady progress of mental and material conditions.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The labour movement acquired a national character under the influence of Fennomania, and its breakthrough was significantly promoted by the Great Strike that broke out in Russia and Finland in 1905.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

Subsequently, the radical parliamentary reform in Finland in 1906 did not reduce social tensions, as the Russian Emperor and the Finns mutual conflicts prevented the full functioning of the parliament between 1907 and 1916.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The influence of the regulation system thus continued until 1917, and the Finnish political system was in an unsettled state of change.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

This slowed down the implementation of social reforms and sharpened the attitudes of working people.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

With the Russification periods 1899—1916 (years of repression) and the intensification of Finnish nation-thinking, efforts to detach Finland from Russia and also to achieve state independence increased.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

In addition to peaceful resistance and action, activism in favour of armed resistance arose in the country and the ice cap movement with it.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

[13] The decisive factor behind the 1918 war was the increased internal instability in the Russian Empire since the beginning of the 20th century, most strongly influenced by World War I.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The Great War had led to an internal crisis in Russia and the fragmentation of the entire empire, as well as the creation of a wide power vacuum and a struggle for power.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

[14] With the dissolution of Russia in the Revolutions of March and November 1917, Finland first fragmented state power.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

Together, these caused a political, economic and military crisis in the country and eventually led to the breakdown of Finnish society as a whole.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

[15] The Bolsheviks led by Lenin who sought power in Saint Petersburg, with their support and demands, pressed the Finnish labour movement to carry out the revolution.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

[16] The Bolsheviks in Finland were in close contact with the Russian Bolsheviks, and the Finns helped the Russian Bolsheviks hold their secret meetings in Finland, where the ohrana activities of Russian intelligence were not as effective as in Russia.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

[17] [18] However, the Russian revolutions of 1917 did not spread and were not separately spread to Finland; the country was immediately within their sphere of influence as part of Russia.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

Thus, the process of disintegration of society and the struggle for power were simultaneous and similar in the mother country and Finland.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

They were mainly due to the same circumstances [19] The German Empire was another superpower besides Russia, whose takeover plans and economic interests in Eastern Europe influenced events in Finland between 1917 and 1918.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The Finnish ice cap movement was part of German plans.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

Activists in Finland planned to extract the country from Russia using German bayonets and ice hangers.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

In the 1917 situation of World War I, the German leadership decided to support the Bolsheviks financially, as well as to promote the relocation of Lenin and some other Bolsheviks from exile in Switzerland to Saint Petersburg in April.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The hope was that Lenin would seize power in Russia and renounce the war, which in turn would free Germany from a heavy two-front war.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

Thus, Germany contributed two ways to the emergence of civil war.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

[20] Divided people As a result of the long-established social system in the country, the Finnish people were divided in two economically, socially and politically.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The division is described by counterparts: weathers—raffish, independent—unindependent and ownership—non-owning population, employers—workers, civility—"people”, upper class—lower class.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

Industrial capitalism increased the standard of living of working people steadily from the late 19th century onwards, but on the other hand the standard of living of the upper class increased more.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

With the fracture of the emperor's rule in 1917, no national unity emerged in Finland to develop the country as well as to create a new internal order.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

Instead, social division led to fierce domestic political infighting and the emergence of the so-called dual power that preceded the civil war.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The dispute took advantage of Finland's dependence on Russia, and the power struggle was linked to the internal Russian crisis and the war between Germany and Russia as a question of Finnish control.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The pursuit of Finnish sovereign independence was one of the few objectives on which the Finns were finally unanimous.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

However, the goal was drowned out under internal power disputes.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

[21] The internal struggle for power and the breakdown of society during 1917 was reflected by many phenomena.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

These included unwillingness and inability to make political compromise, as well as the food and unemployment crisis and resulting unrest.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

Problems with working conditions and local democracy, including working-time legislation and the lack of universal and equal suffrage in municipal elections, caused rife strikes in industry and agriculture, eventually joining the struggle for state power.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

When, since March, there was no ordinary-keeping power jointly accepted by different groups of power in Finland, the upper layer of society began to establish their own ordinances (later.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

patronage municipalities) and the working population of the Ordinary Guards (later.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

Red Guards).


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

Their arming and radicalization, especially during the Great Strike of November 1917, fuelled fear, threat thinking and political violence in the country, and also altered power relations within power groups.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

During the winter of 1917—1918, both within the labour movement and the conservatives and bourgeoisie, decision-making power shifted from moderate circles to soldiers and armed troops (the so-called armed fortresses of Southern Finland and Southern Ostrobothnia), eventually leading to military conflict.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

[22] Pre-war events March Revolution The drug of freedom Emperor Nicholas II relinquished power on 15 March 1917.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

In Russia, power was taken by the Duma and the provisional government imposed by it.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

In the Grand Duchy of Finland, the second and at the same time last period of Russification ended on 20 March with the manifesto of the so-called March of the Provisional Government, which restored the situation between Finland and the mother country to a time before the reign of Nikolai Bobrikov.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

For the first time, the Finnish Parliament gained the dominance imposed on it in 1906.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

On 26 March, on the basis of the SDP's electoral victory in the 1916 parliamentary elections, a Tokai Senate was appointed to the country, with six socialists and six non-socialists as its members.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The Senate program included efforts to expand democracy and the removal of a temporary government veto.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

Furthermore, the aim was to develop municipal democracy and working conditions, including working time laws and social insurance, and the enactment of the Compulsory Education and Religious Freedom Act.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The conservatives (RKP, Old Finns and Young Finns “swallows”), as well as other bourgeois, non-socialists (liberal NuorFinns “sparrows” and the Agrarian League), welcomed the bourgeoisie of the provisional government and the fall of the quasi-dictatorial empress and to the end of the repressive period.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The future seemed to increase opportunities for the diversification and development of entrepreneurship and economic activities.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

Despite the bourgeoisie nature of the Provisional Government, from the perspective of the labour movement, the development was even more cataclysmic; the power of the Socialist-majority parliament grew and regulations that limited the workforce's activities, including the ban on strikes, barriers to freedom of speech and print, fell.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The working population seemed to finally have the opportunity to achieve a position already belonging to its population in society.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

[23] The Year of Fears and Hopes, however, the narcotic and positive outlook of liberation remained short-lived.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

Finland's domestic political situation deteriorated, and the breakdown of society that began in March proceeded at an accelerating pace.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

In the broad picture, the Finns of 1917 were “at the interface” where the legal society was becoming a more democratic civil society.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

On the one hand, traditions and attitudes of the old system were still prevalent, but on the other hand, with the spread of popular thinking, the inequalities of the regulation system previously considered natural were no longer accepted.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

In 1917, the new system was still looking for its way, and the direction of development became a major subject of controversy and struggle.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The change and its momentum began to frighten conservatives and non-socialists alike.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

For the labor movement, development looked too slow.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The cataclysmic shift from enactment power to parliamentarianism and universal suffrage caused by the 1905 Great Strike influenced the actions of both the working people and the bourgeoisie in 1917.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The workers' circle did not want a repeat of the “Tsarist setback” of 1908—1916, and on the other hand, in 1905 it had also been learned that revolution may have been the quickest path to “progress”.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The loss of state (enacted) power faced by conservatives and burghers in 1906 was not concreted until the March 1917 Revolution and then the situation threatened to lead to a decline in economic power as well.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

[24] In terms of the economy, the situation of both the industrial working population and industrial employers deteriorated significantly during 1917.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

In 1914—1916, the First World War caused a positive “war boom” in Finnish economic life, which clearly strengthened the economy of not only employers but also workers.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The March Revolution collapsed this development, causing unemployment and strong inflation.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The sudden deterioration of the working people's finances, coupled with the deteriorating food situation, created uncertainty and fear in the workers, laying the groundwork for strike movement and other unrest.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

[25] The Senate of Tokai formed a weak government from the Tokoi Senate.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The fundamental problem was that neither the social democrats nor the burghers participated fully in the government.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

Due to a power dispute between power groups and fear of political careers becoming scarred, the best forces of the SDP and the non-socialists were not included.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The politically advantageous situation long awaited by the Socialists, despite the majority in Parliament, could not be exploited because the working population lacked economic power.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The burghers had economic power, but they pursued a bourgeois majority parliament and senate as an extension of it.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

[26] The weak political position of the Tokai Senate and later the Svinhufvud Senate characterised the dissolution of state power in 1917—1918.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The power lost by the Russian emperor in March 1917 was dispersed in several directions: in addition to the Provisional Government, the Senate of Finland, Parliament and other administrations, power was transferred to a significant extent on the street to workers' and military councils, strike organisations and mass rallies, as well as employers for active interest groups.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

[27] Crisis blanks During its short life cycle, the Tokai Senate had to contend with at least four problems: the strike movements of spring 1917, food shortages and Finland's position in relation to Russia, and the question of ordinal power.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The Senate survived fairly little of the strike crafting that began in April—May 1917 in industry and agriculture.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The main requirement of working people in strikes was an eight-hour working day.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

There was also a desire for wage increases to offset rising inflation.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The strikes were resolved mostly through negotiations between employers and workers, and mainly for the benefit of workers.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The outcome of the dispute elevated working people's self-esteem and faith in mass power, but embittered employers over economic losses and unrest associated with the strikes.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

In addition, the labourers had used Russian soldiers in some places as support for their demands.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The upheaval caused by the March Revolution increased the mass power of the working population significantly also through the increased organization of workers; from late 1916 to the end of 1917, the number of members of the Finnish Vocational Organisation more than quadrupled to about 160,000.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The employer side was also organized, in the autumn of 1917 the Finnish Employers Confederation and the Confederation of Agricultural Producers were established.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

[28] Frontier prices had been imposed for food as early as 1914 and in 1917 food shortages continued to worsen as imports of bread grain from Russia collapsed.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

Mainly because of that, a food law was enacted in Finland (2 June 1917), under which the state had the right to confiscate excess food stocks and distribute them for public use.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

However, the enforcement and implementation of the Act was left completely halfway, resulting in higher food prices and some supply disappearing into bootlegging due to food inventory inspections, seizures and border prices required by law.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

[29] However, food shortages were mainly grain shortages and specifically a price crisis for the poorest part of the population affected by unemployment.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

Some of the bread shortages could be offset by other products because bread grain accounted for 10 to 20 percent of the average family's food consumption.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

Food products were on the cards, queued up and were periodically in short supply, but large-scale hunger was not seen in southern Finland until the 1918 war.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

[29] [30] However, the issue developed into a political issue between the working people and the producers and the producers, where “the fear of starvation was a punk”.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

Many agricultural producers saw food confiscations and inventory inspections as socialist class policies encroaching on private ownership, and urban working populations in particular were embittered by expensive bootlegging, food export trade to Saint Petersburg, among others, and perception, that there was something deliberate about the trouble.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The provocative news coverage of the newspaper press also played a large part in the escalation of moods as the year 1917 wore on.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

[31] [32] [33] Power Law The struggle for power to Nicholas II, Grand Duke of Finland, has been considered to have passed to the provisional Russian government after the March 1917 Revolution.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

However, its position was uncertain throughout its short lifespan, and ultimately unclear with regard to Finland.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

In the revolutionary situation, as the internal disintegration of Russia progressed due to war and infighting, the composition of the government changed several times and on the other hand the power of local regional councils and committees increased.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

[34] The Russian Provisional Government was to function until the Russian Constituent National Assembly would decide on the country's future statesmanship.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The restoration of autonomy and the extension of self-government in Finland just before the Russification periods, and finally the realization of full independence, were essentially the objectives of all parties in 1917.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

Due to infighting and social unrest, conservatives began to hesitate to increase the power of the socialist-majority parliament.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The Social Democrats, for their part, are seeking to expand the country's independence and, by means of it, as a follow-up to the political victories of spring and early summer, their domestic political power.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The SDP initially sought cooperation with the Provisional Government on the issue and sought support from the Russian parties for their plans, but ultimately received positive backlash only from the Bolsheviks led by Lenin.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

Lenin was planning a coup as early as the summer of 1917 and supported the intentions of the Socialists as they contributed to weakening the position of the Provisional Government.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

[35] Two lines arose in the Tokoi Senate to resolve the issue of supreme power in Finland: Lex Tulenheimo named after Senator Antti Tulenheimo, who was responsible for judicial affairs, and the idea of transferring power to parliament, matured within the SDP.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

According to Lex Tulenheimo, the provisional government's power over Finland would have been transferred mostly to the Senate.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

In the mother country, it would have been decided on the convening, opening and disbanding of the Riksdag, as well as military affairs and foreign policy.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The Power Law, on the other hand, sought to concentrate most of the power in the Finnish parliament, and Russia would have had more to say in foreign policy and military matters.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

One cornerstone of the power bill was the wish for changes in the makeup of the interim government or its overthrow.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

In Lex Tulenheimo's parliamentary proceedings, the contents of the bill were completely transformed into parliamentary authority, thus becoming a power law.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

It was adopted in parliament in an emotive vote of Socialists, partly Agrarian and bourgeois independents (e.g.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

activists) by votes on 18 July 1917.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

The Parliamentary Powers Act was staunchly opposed by Conservative MPs, with some lodging calls to resign from parliament.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

[36] However, Aleksandr Kerenski, who rose to head the Provisional Government in Russia, did not accept the power law.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

He strengthened military forces in Finland, as well as dissolving parliament on 31 July.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

Early parliamentary elections were ordered to take place in October 1917.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

In the summer of 1917, Finland acquired a new meaning for Russia.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

In addition to and instead of being a supplier of food and goods, the land became a military outpost of the city of St. Petersburg, which could not be abandoned.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

[37] The short story of Tokoi's broad-based Senate in Finland ended 13—17.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

on August 1, with key socialist senators resigning from it, and from 1 to 2.


Question: Who were the Military Boys?

Finnish Civil War

In the early parliamentary elections on October, the SDP suffered an electoral defeat and remained in opposition.