Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Charlemagne abandoned the Anglican Church, and although this brought him popularity in Scotland, he became unpopular in England.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Charles soon began to despise his Scottish masters and presumably rejoiced upon receiving the news of the Covenanters' defeat at Dunbar in September 1650.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Despite everything, the Scots remained Charles's best hope of returning to the throne.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Charles II was crowned King of the Scots at Scone on 1 January 1651.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

[1] When Cromwell's forces began to threaten Charles's position in Scotland, the decision was made to invade England.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Many Scots (including Archibald Campbell, Marquis of Argyll, and other leading covenanters) refused to participate, and only a small number of English royalists joined Charles's strength.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Charles's army moved south, but the ground attack ended in defeat at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Charles is said to have hid thereafter in an oak tree (known as the Royal Oak) at Boscobel House.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Parliament promised a reward of £1,000 on the king's head and a death sentence to anyone who would help him.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

After six weeks of escaping, Charlemagne managed to leave England and escape to France disguised (see also: Charles II's escape).


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Charlemagne was unable to garner sufficient support to be able to challenge Cromwell's regime.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Despite the Stuart family's affiliations through Henrietta Maria and the Princess of Orania, France and the United Provinces allied with Cromwell's government, forcing Charles to turn to Spain.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

He tried to assemble an army, but failed because of funding problems.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Restoration After Oliver Cromwell's death in 1658, Charles's chances of the crown looked slim.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Oliver was succeeded as Lord Protector by his son Richard.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

However, the new Lord Protector enjoyed neither the support of Parliament nor the military — the New Model Army.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Richard was forced to relinquish power in 1659.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

The English protectorate was abolished and the Republic () revived.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

During the ensuing unrest, the Governor of Scotland, George Monck, marched with his armies to London and forced the Long Parliament to dissolve itself.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

For the first time in more than twenty years, MPs faced elections.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Elected came the predominantly royalist House of Commons.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

The Convention Parliament () met on 25 April 1660 and soon heard of the Breda Declaration of Peace (8 May 1660), in which Charlemagne, among others, granted amnesty to many of his father's enemies.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Later, Parliament declared Charles II to have been the legitimate ruler since Charles I's execution in 1649.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Charles II returned to England and arrived at Dover on 23 May 1660 and London on 29 May, which is considered the date of the start of the English Restoration and which was Charles's 30th birthday.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Although Charlemagne granted amnesty by law () to Cromwell's supporters, he excluded those involved in his father's execution from the pardon.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Many of those involved in the beheading were executed in 1660 in a gruesome medieval manner (“hanged, drawn, and quartered”), in which the condemned was first hanged (but not to death), then had his insides removed, beheaded, and his body torn into four pieces.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

The bodies of Oliver Cromwell, Henry Ireton and John Bradshaw were exhumed from their graves and subjected to posthumous execution [2].


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

The cavalier Parliament of the Convention Parliament was dissolved in December 1660.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Shortly after Charles II's coronation at Westminster Abbey on 23 April 1661, a second parliament was formed — the so-called Cavalier Parliament ().


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Since the parliamentarians were largely royalists, Charles had no need to dissolve it for more than seventeen years.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

A number of initiatives by Charles's chief adviser, the Earl of Clarendon, Edward Hyde, were approved by the Cavalier Parliament.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Lord Clarendon sought to remove all non-conformism from the State Church of England.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Under the Corporation Act of 1661, all civil servants were to belong to the Anglican Church and the Uniformity Act (), enacted the following year, decreed the use of the Book of Common Prayer Book compulsory for teachers and priests.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

[3] The Convention Act of 1664 () prohibited all ecclesiastical gatherings of more than five people excluding those approved by the Church of England.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

The “Five Mile Law” () in 1665 prohibited clergy from coming five miles closer to the parish where they were set to be put.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

These laws survived throughout Charles's reign.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Charlemagne agreed to renounce the archaic feudal levies introduced by his father and received, in exchange, an annual allowance of £1200,000 from Parliament.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

However, the sum was only the maximum amount the king was permitted to receive from the state treasury.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

For most of Charles's reign, the actual amount of money raised was lower.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Charles invited George Downing to reform the state's fund-raising and tax collection.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Foreign policy In 1662 Charlemagne married the Portuguese princess Catherine of Braganzan (), with whom as dowry came Bombay and Tangier.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

However, in the same year Charlemagne sold Dunkirk (Dunkirk) — a much more important destination strategically — to his cousin King Louis XIV of France for £40,000.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

In gratitude for the assistance he had received in his ascension to the throne, Charlemagne donated the lands of North America, then known as the Carolinas (which had been named after Charles I), to eight nobles in 1663.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

The Maritime Laws (1650), which damaged Dutch commerce, were the cause of the First (1652—1654) and Second Anglo—Dutch Wars (1665—1667).


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

This showdown started well for England as they occupied New Amsterdam (later renamed New York after Charles's brother James, Duke of York, the future James II).


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

However, in 1667, the Dutch surprised the English fleet on the Thames.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

The Dutch sank the entire fleet with the exception of the flagship Royal Charles, which was taken as a victory sign to join the Netherlands.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

The Second Anglo-Dutch War ended with the Peace of Breda concluded in 1667.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

As a result of the Second Anglo—Dutch War, Charlemagne sacked his assistant Lord Clarendon, whom he used as a scapegoat for the war.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

The Lord moved to France when he was convicted by the House of Commons for treason (which involved the death penalty).


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Power passed to a five-person group of politicians known as the cabal.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

It included Thomas Clifford, Baron of Clifford; Henry Bennet, Earl of Arlington; George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham; Anthony Ashley Cooper, Baron of Ashley (later Earl of Shaftesbury); and John Maitland, Duke of Lauderdale.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

In 1668, England allied with Sweden and its former enemy the Netherlands to be ready to wage war against France and Louis XIV in the War of Dévolution.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Louis was forced to make peace with the Triple Alliance, but he continued his hostile ventures.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

In 1670 Charles, anxious to solve his financial problems, agreed to the Peace of Dover, on the basis of which Louis XIV would pay him £200,000 each year.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Charlemagne promised Louis troops and convert to Catholicism “as soon as the welfare of his Kingdom would allow it”.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Louis offered him a force of 6,000 to suppress those opposed to the conversion.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Charlemagne sought to ensure that the peace treaty — especially the turning point — remained secret.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

It has remained unclear whether Charles ever intended to convert to Catholicism.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Meanwhile, around 1670, Charles II, by five Acts, granted the English East India Company autonomous rights over their territories.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

The Great Plague and the Great Fire of London In 1665 Charles II faced a major health crisis: a plague epidemic broke out in London.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

It is believed to have come with Dutch ships importing cotton from Amsterdam.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Rats and fleas spread the disease and the death toll peaked at 7000 lives per week.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Charles and his family moved, together with the court, to Oxford in July 1665.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

On 2 September 1666, the woe was compounded by the disaster later known as the Great Fire of London.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

While the blaze effectively destroyed the rats and fleas that spread the plague, it also destroyed 13200 houses and 87 churches including St Paul's Cathedral.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Meanwhile, a comet was visible in the night sky.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

It was assumed to be God's message and the aforementioned trials were the result of God's wrath.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Initially, hatred was directed at Charles and his court, but later shifted to blaming Catholics.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

The situation was not helped by the conversion of Charles's brother James to Roman-Catholicism in 1667.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Disputes with Parliament The Cavaljer Parliament, which had previously been favourable to the Crown, distanced itself from it in the 1670s due to the king's wars and religious practices.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

In 1672, Charlemagne issued a notice of the Royal Declaration of Indulgence, which aimed to abolish laws punishing Catholics and other dissenters.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

In the same year, Charlemagne openly advocated Catholic France and initiated the Third Anglo—Dutch War.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

The cavalier parliament objected to the announcement on constitutional grounds (arguing that Charles had no right to randomly abolish laws) on more than political grounds.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Charles II withdrew his notice and also acquiesced to the Test Act, which not only required officials to receive communion imposed by the Church of England, but also forced them to denounce certain teachings of the Roman-Catholic Church as “superstition and idolatry”.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Parliament also refused to fund the Anglo—Dutch War, which England was losing, forcing Charles to make peace in 1674.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Charles's wife Catherine was unable to produce heirs to the throne, all pregnancies resulted in miscarriages or stillborn children.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Consequently, Charles's likely heir to the throne was James, his unpopular Roman-Catholic brother.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

In 1678, Titus Oates, a former Anglican churchman, warned against an unsubject “papal conspiracy” to assassinate the king and replace him with James.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Charlemagne did not believe the claims, but ordered Thomas Osborne, Earl of Danby, to investigate the incident.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

The Earl was highly skeptical of Oates's revelations, but reported it to Parliament.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

People were gripped by anti-Catholic hysteria: judges and jurists across the country condemned supposed conspirators, scores of innocents were executed.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

In late 1678, Osborne was indicted by the House of Commons for treason.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

While most of the state wanted war with Catholic France, Charles II had secretly negotiated with Louis XIV, trying to achieve a treaty by which England would remain neutral against money.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Earl Osborne was hostile to France, but was content with Charles's wishes.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Unluckily for Osborne, the House of Commons did not consider the Earl to have been a reluctant participant in the scandal but believed him to have been the father of the whole scheme.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

To save the earl from prosecution, Charlemagne dissolved the Cavalier Parliament in January 1679.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

The new Parliament, which met in March 1679, was rather hostile to the King.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Osborne was forced to resign his post as Lord High Treasurer, but he received a pardon from the king.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

In defiance of royal will, Parliament held that its dissolution did not interrupt proceedings.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

When the House of Lords seemed ready to impose driving into exile as punishment — which the House of Commons thought was too lenient a punishment — the prosecution was suspended and the Earl was sentenced without trial.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

As on many occasions in his reign before, Charles II bent to the will of his opponents and ordered an earl to the Tower of London.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Earl Osborne was held for the next five years without charge.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Last years The next political storm that befell Charles was a successor issue.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

The Parliament of 1679 was fiercely against the Catholic king.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

The Earl of Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper (formerly Baron Ashley and member of the cabal dissolved in 1672) introduced the Exclusion Bill (the “Exclusion Initiative”) which sought to remove James from the line of succession.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Some even suggested that the crown be given to the Protestant Duke of Monmouth, who was Charles's eldest illegitimate son.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

The “Inhooji” — who opposed the Exclusion Bill — became the Tory Party, while its supporters became the Whig Party.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Fearing the Exclusion Bill would be passed, Charlemagne dissolved Parliament in December 1679.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Subsequently, two more parliaments were convened in Charles's reign (one in 1680 and the other in 1681), but both were dissolved in their attempt to pass the Exclusion Bill.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

During the 1680s, public support for the bill began to wane and Charlemagne enjoyed popular popularity, many of his subordinates saw Parliament as overconfident.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

For the rest of his reign, Charlemagne ruled practically as an autocrat.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Charles's opposition to the Exclusion Bill angered some Protestants.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Protestant conspirators formed the Rye House conspiracy, a scheme to murder Charles and James while they were on their way back from horse racing at Newmarket.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

However, most of Newmarket was destroyed in a major fire and the races were cancelled and the plan to have been so went unrealised.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Before the conspiracy was exposed, its main perpetrators left the country.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Protestant politicians such as Algernon Sydney (Sidney) and Lord William Russell were embroiled in a conspiracy and beheaded for treason albeit on the basis of very poor evidence [4].


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Charlemagne died unexpectedly on Wednesday 6 February 1685 from renal failure from the following symptoms of intoxication, namely uremia.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

When Charlemagne knew he was going to die, he asked Father John Huddleston to arrive secretly at his bedside and converted to Catholicism.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Charles II was buried in Westminster Abbey.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

He was succeeded as king by the Duke of York, who became James II of England and Ireland as well as James VII of Scotland.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

[5] The inheritance Charles II had no legitimate heirs.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

However, she had numerous children with many of her mistresses (many of whom were wives of nobles).


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Many of the mistresses and illegitimate children received dukedom or earldom.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Publicly, Charlemagne acknowledged fourteen of the children he had with seven women.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

[6] Six of the children were given birth to the notorious Countess of Castlemaine, Barbara Palmer (originally Villiers), to whom Charlemagne gave the Duchy of Cleveland.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

His favourite mistresses also included Louise de Kérouaille, Duchess of Portsmouth, and Nell Gwynne.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Charlemagne also acknowledged the children of Lucy Walter, Elizabeth Killigrew and Catherine Pegge.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

The present Dukes of Buccleuch and Queensberry, Richmond and Gordon, Grafton and St Albans are, on the paternal side, direct descendants of Charles II.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

The wives of the current heir to the throne Prince Charles Princess Diana and Camilla, Duchess of Cornwall, are both related to Charles II's illegitimate child Duke Charles Lennox of Richmond [7] [8] Consequently, Diana and Charles' son, Prince William, who currently stands as runner-up succession to the throne, would, on entering power, be the first relative of Charles I to rule Great Britain since Queen Anna's death in 1714.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Charles II's eldest son, James Scott, Duke of Monmouth, led a rebellion against James II, but was beaten at the Battle of Sedgemoor on 6 July 1685, captured and beheaded.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

James II, on the other hand, was overthrown in a great revolution in 1688.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

James was the last Catholic monarch to rule England.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Charlemagne, who was a patron of the arts and science, helped establish the Royal Society.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

This group of scientists at the time included, among others, Robert Hooke, Robert Boyle and Sir Isaac Newton.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

[9] Charles's personal patronage was the architect Sir Christopher Wren, who helped in the reconstruction following the Great Fire of London of 1666.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

[10] Wren also designed the Royal Hospital Chelsea, which Charlemagne opened in 1681 as a home for retired soldiers.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Since 1692, there has been a statue of Charles II designed by Grinling Gibbons in 1676 in front of the hospital.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

The anniversary of the Restoration (which is also Charles's birthday) on 29 May has been celebrated in Great Britain as the “Day of the Oak Apple” (), according to the Royal Oak, where Charles is said to have hid while fleeing Oliver Cromwell's troops.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Before the celebration included dressing in oak leaves, among other things.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

[11] Charles II's children and mistresses Charles had no legitimate heirs, but an untold number of illegitimate children.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

He recognised fourteen of these as his own including Barbara Fitzroy, who quite certainly was not Charles's daughter.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

[6] Marguerite or Margaret de Carteret According to some sources, she bore Charles a son named James de la Cloche in 1646.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Lucy Walter (1630—1658) James Crofts, later James Scott (1649—1685), who became Duke of Monmouth (1663) in England and Duke of Buccleuch (1663) in Scotland.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Mary Crofts (born circa 1651), was not recognized.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

She married William Sarsfield and later William Fanshaw and worked as a spirit healer in Covent Garden.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Elizabeth Killigrew (1622-1680) Charlotte Jemima Henrietta Maria Boyle (Fitzcharles) (1650-1684) Catherine Pegge, Lady Green Charles Fitzcharles (1657-1680), was known by the nickname “Don Carlos”, he became Earl of Plymouth (1675).


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Catherine Fitzcharles (born 1658, died young) Barbara Palmer (1640-1709, of her own family of Villiers), Countess of Castlemaine and Duchess of Cleveland.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Anne Palmer (Fitzroy) (1661-1722) Charles Fitzroy (1662-1730), who became Duke of Southampton (1675) and Cleveland (1709).


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Henry Fitzroy (1663-1690), who became Earl of Euston (1672) and Duke of Grafton (1709) Charlotte Fitzroy (1664-1718), Countess of Lichfield, George Fitzroy (1665-1716), who became Earl of Northumberland (1674) and Duke of Northumberland (1683).


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Barbara (Benedicta) Fitzroy (1672-1737), probably, however, the child of John Churchill, later Duke of Marlborough, Eleanor “Nell” Gwyn (1650-1687) Charles Beauclerk (1670-1726), who became Duke of St Albans.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

James Beauclerk (1671-1681) Louise Renée de Penancoet de Kéroualle (1648-1734) Charles Lennox (1672-1723), who became Duke of Richmond (1675) in England and Duke of Lennox (1675) in Scotland.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Mary 'Moll' Davis, courtesan Mary Tudor (1673-1726), was married to Edward Radclyffe (1655-1705), Earl of Derwentwater in the years (1687-1705) and afterwards married Henry Graham (son and heir of Colonel James Graham) and upon his death married James Rooke in 1707.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

With Edward, Mary had four children.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Other mistresses Cristabella Wyndham Hortense Mancini, Duchess of Mazarin Winifred Wells, Queen's court maid Mrs Jane Roberts, churchman's daughter Mary Sackville (earlier Berkeley, of her own family Bagot) — widowed Countess of Falmouth Elizabeth Fitzgerald, Kildare Countess Sources On the subject elsewhere Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

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Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

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Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

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Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

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Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England


Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

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Question: By what name were Oliver Cromwell's troops known?

Charles II of England

Category:Rulers of the Stuart family of England Category:Scottish rulers Class:Born in 1630 Class:Those who died in 1685 Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina or Bosnia-Herzegovina [1] (in Bosnian,, BiH,, Бих, BiH) is a state in the Balkans.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

It is bordered by Croatia, Montenegro and Serbia.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

The state of Bosnia-Herzegovina consists of two political entities: the Federation of Bosnia-Herzegovina and the Bosnian Republika Srpska.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

As separate concepts, both Bosnia and Herzegovina are historical-geographical and have no administrative significance today.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

History The Slavs colonized the territory of Bosnia-Herzegovina in the 6th century, [2] when Illyrian tribes lived there, and in the 8th century control was divided between the kingdoms of Serbia and Croatia.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

In the 10th century, the area came under the control of the Kingdom of Hungary, and around the year 1100 it became independent as its own kingdom.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia remained independent until 1463, when it was annexed by the Turks to the Ottoman Empire.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

During the Ottoman rule, many residents converted to Islam.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

At the end of the 19th century, Slavic nationalist movements began to gain strength in Bosnia-Herzegovina, and in 1875 a peasant revolt against Ottoman rule broke out in the country.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

After Serbia, Montenegro and Russia came to the aid of the rebels, the Ottoman ceded Bosnia-Herzegovina in the 1878 Treaty of Berlin to Austro-Hungarian control, although formally the area remained part of the Ottoman Empire.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

On October 7, 1908, Bosnia-Herzegovina was annexed as part of Austria-Hungary [3].


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

After the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo by Serb nationalist Gavrilo Principi on 28 June 1914, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia and Europe drifted into World War I.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

After the war, Bosnia-Herzegovina became part of the new state, renamed in 1929 Kingdom of Yugoslavia.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

After Yugoslavia had fallen under German occupation in 1941, parts of Bosnia-Herzegovina were subjugated to the control of the Croat nationalist Ustaša movement and some were given to Fascist Italy.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Thousands of Serbs, Jews, Roma and opponents of the Ustaša movement were killed by the Ustaša regime.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Communist partisans led by Josip Broz Tito fought the Ustaša and German occupying forces.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

After World War II, Bosnia-Herzegovina became one of the six republics of the federal government of communist Yugoslavia.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Following the separation of Slovenia and Croatia from Yugoslavia in 1991, aspirations for independence began to mature in Bosnia-Herzegovina as well.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

At the same time, tensions between the ethnic groups escalated.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Following the referendum, Parliament declared Bosnia-Herzegovina independent on 5 April 1992.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnian Serbs backed by Serbia had declared their own Republika Srpska established even earlier on 9 January, and the bloody Bosnian War began.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

The confusion and violence of the war was compounded by the Croat turn against the Bosniaks in 1993.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

In particular, Serb and Croat forces committed war crimes and ethnic cleansing, the largest of which was the mass execution of some 9000 Srebrenican men and boys by the Serb army in July 1995.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

The United Nations has condemned the mass execution of Srebrenica as genocide.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

The war ended with the Dayton Peace Agreement signed on November 21, 1995.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

In 2007, it was estimated that almost 100000 people were killed in the war (estimated to have been up to 200000 in 1994, but this estimate included those unaccounted for) [4] and more than 1,5million, mostly Bosniaks, had to flee the country.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Politics on the political system of Bosnia-Herzegovina was agreed in the 1995 Dayton Peace Agreement.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

The country is not fully autonomous, but is controlled by the international community through the UN.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

The High Representative of the International Community () wields considerable control over the country.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

The country additionally has a European military force, Eufor, which replaced the NATO-led SFOR on 2 December 2004.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

On 7 March 2007, the European Union decided to reduce troop strength over the next three months from 6500 men to 250.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

In addition, the country has a European police force (European Union Police Mission).


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

The country consists of two political entities, the Federation of Bosnia-Herzegovina (51% of the country) and the Bosnian Republika Srpska (49%).


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

The federation, in turn, is divided into ten cantons.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Both the Federation and Republika Srpska have their own parliaments, presidents and governments, as well as the cantons have their own parliaments and administrations.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

The country has a total of 700 elected representatives and more than 140 ministers.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Approximately 60% of the state budget is spent on maintaining the system of government.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

[5] The Central Government Parliament (Parlementarna Skupština Bosne i Hercegovine) has two chambers.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

The House of Lords, or House of Peoples (Dom Naroda Bosne i Hercegovine, Дом народа), has 15 members: five of each nationality.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Its members are appointed by the parliaments of the Federation and Republika Srpska.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

The House of Nations ensures that no law becomes enacted without being passed by all groups.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

So one group effectively has veto power.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

The Chamber of Deputies (Predstavnički Dom, Zastupnički Dom, or Представнички Дом) has 42 members elected by proportional list election.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Twenty-eight of the delegates come from the Federation and 14 from Republika Srpska.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

The term of representatives is four years.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

In the elections held on 1 October 2006, representatives from 12 parties were elected to the House of Representatives.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

One of the members of the three-member Council of Presidents acts as head of state for eight months at a time.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Each member represents a different nationality.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Presidents are elected by direct election for four-year terms.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

The Serb president is elected from the Republika Srpska and Bosniak and Croat presidents from the federation.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

On 9 February 2007, four months after the election, the Parliament of Bosnia-Herzegovina confirmed Nikola Špirić, who took office on 4 January, and a representative of the Serb Independent Social Democrats (Савез независних социјалдемократа).


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Under the agreement that ended the 1992—95 wars, the country's government includes representatives from the country's three main ethnic groups.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

[6] The government of Špirić, who represented the Serbs, was the first after the wars to operate without international oversight.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Špirić's government resigned in late October 2007 in protest at demands by Miroslav Lajčák, the High Representative of the International Community, to strengthen the central government and push through reforms that would allow the country to enter the European Union.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

In Serbia's view, the transfer of power to central power would lead to Muslim domination in the country.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

[7] However, he was reappointed on 10 December.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

The election took place on 3 October 2010.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Since then, the process of forming a government has stretched to more than a year long.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

[8] Geography of Herzegovina is a triangular region in the south of the country, with one tip of the triangle touching the Adriatic Sea so that the land has a short shoreline.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

The northern part of Bosnia is a plateau, and much of the farmland is located there.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

The southern and central parts are mountainous.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

39% of the land is covered with forests.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

The Dinaric Alps extend south to the Serbian and Montenegrin side.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

In the mountains there are ski resorts such as Sarajevo.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

[9] In the mountains, winters are cold and summers cool and rainy.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Elsewhere, winters are milder and summers hot and dry.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

On the coast, a Mediterranean climate prevails.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

[9] There are three national parks in the country: Sutjeska National Park in the south of the country near the border with Montenegro, Kozara National Park in the forest area in the northern part, and Una National Park along the Una River on the western border of the country.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

The country's highest mountain, Maglic (2386m), is located on the territory of Sutjeska National Park.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

[10] [11] [12] The Skakavac, the highest fall on Earth, is 98 metres high.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

[13] Economy The currency of Bosnia-Herzegovina is the Bosnia-Herzegovina Convertible Mark (konvertibilna marka/конвертибилна марка).


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

It was introduced in 1996; it was top-tied with the Deutschmark in a ratio of 1:1.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Since the introduction of the euro, it has been pegged at a fixed rate to the euro.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

The most economically significant natural resources in Bosnia-Herzegovina are coal, iron, bauxite, manganese, copper, chromium and wood.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Other natural resources include aluminum, lead and zinc.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

[14] The most significant export products are textiles and timber.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

The main export countries are Italy (29%), Croatia (18.5%), Germany (17.3%), Austria (9.3%), Slovenia (6.7%).


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

The main importing countries are Croatia (24.3%), Slovenia (15.5%), Germany (13.6%), Italy (12%), Hungary (7.6%), and Austria (6.6%).


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

The iron mine Ljubija, located ten kilometers from Prijedor, was already among the largest iron mines in Europe during the Yugoslav period.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

In 2006, Ljubija produced 1.2 million tonnes of iron ore.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Population At the 1991 census, 44% of Bosnia-Herzegovina's population were Bosniaks, 31% Serbs, 17% Croats and 6% declared themselves “Yugoslavs”.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

In 2000, it was estimated that 48% of the population were Bosniaks, 37.1% Serbs, 14.3% Croats and 0.6% others.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosniaks are Muslim by religion, Serbs Orthodox and Croats are Catholic.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

The majority of the population calls themselves Bosnians to avoid confusing religion with everyday life.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

However, in terms of the maintenance of the Finnish language, the inhabitants of Bosnia-Herzegovina are Bosniaherzegovinans.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

[15] [16] In 2007, it was estimated that Bosnia-Herzegovina is likely to achieve five of the UN Millennium Development Goals, and the other two are also possible.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

These two are the objectives of basic education and sustainable development.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

[17] Culture Bosnian cuisine has influences from both Turkey and Eastern Europe.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Cabbage and meat are eaten a lot, bosanski lonac is a meat-cabbage stew.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Cevapcici minced meat bars are eaten with “lepinja” between bread, most often with onion and vegetable caviar called “ajvar”, cevapit may be made with pig, pig beef or just beef minced meat, and savory and sweet pies are baked in a wide variety.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

[9] The UNESCO World Heritage List lists two sites from Bosnia-Herzegovina: the Mehmed Paša Sokolović Bridge in Višegrad and the Old City and Old Bridge of Mostar.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

[18] Bosnia and Herzegovina participated in the Eurovision Song Contest for the first time in 1993, and the country has not yet won them once.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Sport The most important international sporting event in the history of Bosnia-Herzegovina was the XIV Winter Olympics held in Sarajevo from 7 to 19 February 1984.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

The most popular sport in the country is football.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

The species originated in 1903 but its popularity increased considerably after World War II.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Sarajevo (1967 and 1984) and Željezničar (1972) have both won the Yugoslav championship.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Several Bosniaks including Josip Katalinski, Dušan Bajević, Miroslav “Ciro” Blažević, Ivica Osim, Safet Susic, and Mirsad Fazlagić played in the former Yugoslavia national football team.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Among the most notable current Bosnian players are Vedad Ibišević, Edin Džeko, Sejad Salihović and Zvjezdan Misimović.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

The national team qualified from qualifying for the 2014 World Cup.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia-Herzegovina won the volleyball tournament at the 2004 Paralympic Games.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Many of the team's players had lost a leg in the Bosnian war.


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

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Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

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Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

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Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

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Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina


Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

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Question: What was the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2018?

Bosnia and Herzegovina

|| | |-|| | * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Ancient Egypt, or Egypt of the pharaohs, was in northeastern Africa, primarily in the area of present-day Egypt and Sudan, roughly during the period 3150—30 BCE.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

flourished historical civilization.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

It was one of the oldest high cultures in the world.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

For most of its history, ancient Egypt was ruled by kings, or pharaohs.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Farming arrived in Egypt in the Stone Age around 5500 BCE.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

by.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

It initiated population growth and eventually the creation of large agglomerations and city-states.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Egypt emerged as city-states ruled by local tribes, the nomos, united in wars eventually under the rule of a single ruler.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The unified Egyptian Empire emerged from the unification of Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt around 3150 BCE.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

At its strongest, Egypt was a superpower whose influence stretched from Syria to Libya and Nubia.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The history of Egypt is divided into dynasties, ruler genera whose kings, or pharaohs, ruled the country from about the 300th century BCE.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

all the way up to the year 30 BC.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

until.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The three thousand-year history of the kingdom included three heyday periods: the Old Empire, the Middle Kingdom, and the New Empire.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Each kingdom was followed by one intermediate period marked by turmoil and anarchy.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Finally, Egypt became part of the Roman Empire.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Egyptian settlement was mainly concentrated along the Nile and its fertile shores up to a few kilometres wide.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The country's business life depended on the annual floods of the Nile, which spread fertile, black silt to the land.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Large harvests were made possible by large populations and cities, the most notable of which were Memfis, Thebes, Heliopolis, Sais and Tanis.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The Egyptians built large tomb monuments to their kings, many of which, such as the pyramids of Giza, have survived until modern times.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

They also decorated their tombs with objects, paintings and inscriptions, thanks to which Ancient Egyptian culture is quite well known today.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The discipline that studies Egypt is called Egyptology.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Name The ancient Egyptians referred to their own land as kemet, meaning “black earth”, which meant cultivable land.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The name of the uninhabited desert was deshret, meaning “red earth”; this name they also used from all foreign lands.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The Egyptians referred to themselves as remet-en-kemet, “the people of the Black Earth”.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[1] The country's current name Egypt comes from its Greek name Aigyptos.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

It derives from the Egyptian name of the city of Memphis, hat-ka-ptah, meaning house of the creator god Ptah's ka-soul.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[2] The history of Egyptian prehistory (pre-dynastic) and Egyptian unification with North Africa's wetter-than-current climate began to dry out around 5000 BCE.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

As a result, nomads in the area sought to the Nile Valley, where cattle could graze and land could be farmed.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The green belt formed by the banks and estuary of the Nile Valley and the oases on the western side of the river allowed foraging beyond the needs of the population, making the genesis of Egyptian high culture possible.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[3] The Egyptian Neolithic period began around 5000 BCE.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

and lasted until about 3500 BCE.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

until.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Its main cultures were the Badari and Naqada cultures, during which there was a shift to the use of copper.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The future organized society and culture is already anticipated by necropolises and religious artefacts.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[4] With the advent of writing skills, a historical period of the years 3100−3000 BCE began in Egypt.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

around [5].


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Egyptian culture was already fully developed in its essentials by the beginning of the historical period.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The rules of art and the writing system were the same as in later times, and the Egyptian concept of dualism had already emerged.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Desert roads and trade links with the rest of the world were also probably already complete.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The Nile was practically the only thoroughfare.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

In the south, though, connections were limited by the waterfalls of the Nile, or cataracts.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[6] Egyptian imasto of the year 3000 BC.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

around the time was apparently cooler and wetter than today and the fauna richer than today [7].


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Prior to the unification of Egypt by the years 3100—3000 BCE.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

around the time, the country consisted of two cultural districts, southern Upper Egypt and northern Lower Egypt.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

These additionally consisted of several petty states ruled by princes.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[8] Upper Egypt's capital was Nekhen (Hierakonpolis) and Buto of Lower Egypt [9].


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Even before 3200 BC.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

was an Upper Egyptian culture spread to Lower Egypt, possibly as a result of population growth, trade policies, or climate change.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Egypt was united around the years 3100 and 3000 BCE.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

between.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Most likely, Upper Egypt, more developed than its neighbour, took over Lower Egypt, but there is no definite record of this.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[10] The pharaohs Menes, Narmer and Hor-Aha are mentioned as unifiers of Egypt.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Historical research is however unable to tell whether three different pharaohs were involved, or whether the name Menes referred to either Narmer or Hor-Aha. [11].


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Palettes preserved from the period of Egyptian unification include images of the eradication expeditions of pre-unification Upper Egyptian kings to Lower Egypt, among other things.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[12] Early Dynastic, or Thinite period 3000—2686 BCE. Dynasties 1—2, Egypt consisted of two clearly distinctive parts after unification.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

This was reflected in the pharaoh's double crown and the pharaoh's titles “King of Upper and Lower Egypt” and “Lord of Both Lands”; moreover, in other languages, the name of Egypt was always “two countries”.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

There are no definite records of the first two dynasties.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The kings of both dynasties hailed from Thinisi, in whose region they were buried in their mastaba tombs, but the first capital of a united Egypt was Memphis, located on the border between the two countries [13].


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The royal tombs of that time were still made of clay brick and undecorated.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[14] Old Empire 2686—2160 BCE., Dynasties 3—6 The Old Empire was the first great heyday of Egyptian culture.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

During that time, the Pharaoh's might was at its greatest, and the pharaohs called the son of the sun god Ra built huge monuments, temples and pyramids made of stone for themselves.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The Stair Pyramid of Sakkara, built by Pharaoh Djoser of the Third Dynasty, was the first monumental stone building.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Builders of the largest pyramids were Khufu (Greek: Kheops), Khafre and Menkaure of the Fourth Dynasty.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[15] At the foot of the pyramids of Giza they built, a sphinx showing a human headed lion was also mined from the rock.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[16] During the Old Empire, Egyptian relief art and inscription were not yet as refined as in later periods [17].


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The first evidence of Egyptian foreign trade dates from the Fifth Dynasty [18].


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The power of the pharaoh declined towards the end of the period as the leaders of the fiefs, or nomoses, wowed more power to themselves.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The longest-time ruler was Pharaoh Pepi II, but shortly after his death, disputes over succession to power began.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The old kingdom ended in a jumbled intermediate period when unconsciousness arose about the Pharaoh's successor and the local superiority began to pursue power.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[19] First Intermediate Period 2160—2055 BCE, Dynasties 7—10 After the dissolution of the Old Empire, the central government imploded and the kingdom sank into chaos.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Typical features of the era included widespread violence, looting of tombs and temples, labour shortages, and famine.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Civil war was fought in some parts and on the other, other kingdoms took advantage of Egypt's weakness and invaded the country.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Some parts of the country remained admittedly peaceful, as they were ruled by local fiefdom princes.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

These began to exercise the titles of king themselves and established parallel dynasties.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

During the Seventh Dynasty, the pharaohs switched to the strict.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Not much is known about the Eighth and Ninth Dynasties, but the latter ruled possibly for a time the whole country.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The Tenth and Eleventh Dynasties waged battles against each other until the Eleventh Dynasty finally managed to reunify the country.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[20] The problems of the first intermediate period were exacerbated by the drying out of the climate, which had begun in the 13th century BCE.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The ancient savannas deserted and to secure farming, the Egyptians were forced to create a diverse system of canals.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Control of the canal system gave county princes even more power.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

At the same time, they also set about taxing the crop.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[21] Middle Kingdom 2055—around 1650 BCE., dynasties 11—12 The middle kingdom, or middle kingdom, comprised the 11th and 12th dynasties.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

At its beginning, Intef I and Mentuhotep II of the South reunited fragmented Egypt.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Art, literature, commerce and language flourished.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

During the Middle Kingdom, kings were usually buried in rock tombs.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Pyramids were also built, but they were smaller than previously thought and made poor use of time-resistant clay brick.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[22] Amenemhat-Itjtawi was established as the capital of the kingdom near Lisht in the time of Amenemhat I.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Egypt expanded southwards, to Nubia.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[23] The swampy Faijum area was taken up for farming use by dams and landing canals and the Lake Moeris reservoir was built [24].


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

By the Second Intermediate Period 1650—1550 BCE, Dynasties 13—17 The Pharaohs' grip on power had faded by the end of the 12th Dynasty, and the kingdom began to disintegrate.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The 13th Dynasty was admittedly still a peaceful time, even though the 14th Dynasty ruled side by side with it.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The periods of the pharaohs were often quite short, and not very much is known about the time.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

After Eje, the pharaohs lost their grip on the whole land and eventually no longer controlled the environment of Thebes.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The Hyksos from Asia conquered and founded the 15th Dynasty.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The Hyksos brought a horse to the land, adopted the customs of the Egyptians, and chose Seth as their god.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

As their capital, they took the estuary Avaris and left Upper Egypt in the hands of the resistance.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The Egyptians' own 17th dynasty ruled from there in parallel with the Hykso dynasties, and eventually the Hyksos were expelled from Egypt by the 18th Dynasty at first.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[25] New Empire 1550—1069 BCE, dynasties 18—20 The new kingdom represented the true Great Power period of Egypt.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The kingdom was at its greatest under Pharaoh Thutmosis III of the 18th Dynasty: it stretched from the eastern parts of the Mediterranean as far as the Fourth Cataract of the Nile in the south.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Great warrior pharaohs were, besides him, Ramses II and Ramses III.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The period is also known for its impressive temples in Luxor, such as the temples of Karnak and Luxor, as well as the Valley of the Kings, the grave site of many pharaohs.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

One of the greatest builders of the period was Amenhotep III.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[26] During the 18th Dynasty, which hailed from Thebes, Egypt underwent a rare religious change when Pharaoh Akhenaten elevated the sun god Aton to chief god, thus dethroning the mighty clergy of Thebes for eighty years.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

In this so-called amarna period, Egyptian art also became more free and natural [27].


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Akhenaten was soon followed by Tutankhamon, who died at a young age, during which Amon's power was restored, and who is remembered for his well-preserved tomb.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[28] The military capture of Horemheb, the commander-in-chief of the army, at the end of the dynasty brought strict discipline into the administration of the country, and the cult of Aton was eradicated once and for all.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[29] During the pharaohs of the 19th Dynasty, especially during the reigns of Seti I and Ramses II, Egypt rose to the peak of its greatness.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Ramses II, who ruled for 67 years, built numerous temples and gigantic look-out statues.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[30] Ramses's successor Merenptah repelled the Libyan attack [31].


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Egypt's last great pharaoh is considered Ramses III of the 20th Dynasty, after which the country can be said to have embarked on a very slow cultural downhill from which it no longer returned to its former glory.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Ramses III was followed by a series of new Ramses whose reigns were left invalid.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

By the end of the dynasty, pharaoh's power had been confined to the estuary, and in troubled Upper Egypt power was held by the clergy of Amun.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[32] Third Intermediate Period 1069—747 BCE, Dynasties 21—24 at the end of the 20th Dynasty, High Priest, Commander-in-Chief of the Egyptian Army and Viceroy of Nubia Herihor took power for himself in the south at the same time that Ramses XI still ruled in the north.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

After Ramses's death, Smendes I rose to power in the north, but the clergy continued to hold power in the south, and the beginning of the 21st dynasty has been called the “priestly dynasty”.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[33] The Libyan-born 22nd dynasty was founded by Shoshenk I, and north and south were united again.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Parallel to the 22nd Dynasty emerged in the Southern Delta to be ruled by the 23rd Dynasty, followed by the 24th Dynasty, and three kings had been proclaimed for the country as the Nubians began to move again in the south.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[34] Late period 747—332 BCE, dynasties 25—31 The twenty-fifth dynasty of Egypt, or “Kushite dynasty” or “Nubian dynasty”, originated from the Kush country of Nubia, whose capital was Napata.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Nubia, the southernmost part of Egypt, had gradually broken away from Egyptian influence and gained independence.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The Amon cult had also gained a strong foothold in Nubia.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Under the Piye king, the Nubians took over Egypt and ruled it for about a hundred years.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

During this period, tomb pyramids were again built in Egypt after a thousand-year hiatus.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

From Taharqa's reign, their grip on Egypt began to slip, weakened by the Assyrians.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

During the Tanutaman period, the final withdrawal of the Nubians from Egypt took place.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[35] Psametik I founded the so-called Saite 26th dynasty of Egypt and ruled for 50 years.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

In his day, Egypt, after a break in tradition, pursued its old glory, and time was peaceful.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Of the pharaohs of the dynasty, the most notable was Nekau II.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

He built a canal to link the Nile and Red Sea, as well as establishing Egypt's first proper fleet.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[36] The Persian king Kambyses II took over Egypt and land began in 525 BCE.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

rule the Persian 27th Dynasty.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

In 404 BC.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Amyrtaios rebelled against the Persians and founded the 28th Dynasty.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

In this case, Egypt regained its independence for some time.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

In 398 BC.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Nefaarud I founded the 29th Dynasty.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

In 380 BC.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Nektanebo I seized power and established the 30th Dynasty, which also remained the last Egyptian-born dynasty.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

In 343 BC.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The Persian king Artaxerxes III retook Egypt and established the 31st dynasty, which was the last numbered dynasty.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[37] Hellenistic period 332—30 BC.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Alexander the Great recaptured Egypt in 332 BCE.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

After his death, the Macedonian-born Ptolemy I became ruler of Egypt, who later proclaimed himself king and pharaoh.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[38] Alexandria, founded by Alexander in the Nile Delta, became the capital of Egypt as early as the 320s BCE.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

and the Centre for Hellenistic Culture and Science, the site of the most famous educational institution of its time, the Library of Alexandria.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[39] The last Ptolemy ruler of Egypt was Queen Cleopatra VII, who ruled Egypt until 30 BC.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

In this case, the Roman general Octavianus took Egypt and made it a Roman province, at the same time consolidating his own power: he became the first of the Roman emperors, monarch-named Augustus.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

With Cleopatra's suicide, an independent Egypt ceased to exist.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[40] Administration Ancient Egypt was an absolute monarchy in statesmanship, meaning the pharaoh was a complete monarchy.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

He dictated laws and regulations and elected officials and priests.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The king was also the supreme warlord of the land, and many pharaohs took part in the war expeditions themselves.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

He was also responsible for diplomatic and trade relations in foreign countries, often through marriages.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[41] The highest official in Egypt was the vizier who was in charge of overseeing the executive.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

At some times there was one vizier, but in the New Empire, Upper and Lower Egypt had their own vizier.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The vizier was the king's deputy, oversaw the administration, and performed duties related to jurisdiction.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

He was also responsible for the construction of the king's tomb.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[42] A wide and privileged civil service in relation to the common people led the major projects of business.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Artists, craftsmen, scribes and scientists were also included in them.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Officials were often rewarded with an upscale priesthood at the end of their careers.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[43] The administrative regions, or counties, of Egypt were particularly responsible for tax collection, land allocation and recruitment of labour.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Provincial governors were also high priests of local temples until the time of the New Empire.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Governors take care of the justice and order of their county with the police department.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[44] Law in Egypt was reportedly written law even before the Late Period: according to one Greek writer, Pharaoh had prepared a collection of eight books of law.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The pharaoh was the supreme judge and his word was law, but in practice high officials and vizors acted as judges.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The principle of justice used the land, the concept of righteousness.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Sometimes a verdict was requested from the oracle.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Forms of punishment included death, expulsion, and imprisonment, for example for desertion from military service or escaping from government work.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[45] The armed forces in Egypt did not yet have a standing army by the time of the Old Empire, but the army was summoned and trained if necessary.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The wage army was introduced in the Old Reich.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The weapons of the Egyptian army at that time included the mace, war axe, dagger, shield, spear, extractor and bow.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[46] Weapons technology developed considerably at the beginning of the New Empire, when the Hyksos brought into the country a horse and chariots, which the Egyptians took for their own use as soon as the Hyksos left the country.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The Egyptians' chariot contained two men, a pilot and a warrior who wielded a bow, and the chariots were pulled by a pair harness.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

A bronze tip began to be used on the quilts, and bronze was also used for protective equipment for soldiers.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The sickle sword was adopted from the Asians.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The Egyptians had no warships, which is why their routes, especially on the Eastern Front, were often predictable.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[47] The only one known of the Egyptian expeditions is Pharaoh Ramses II's war against the Hittites in 1274 BCE.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Ramses's army set out to conquer the fortress town of Kadeš from two directions, but they were ambushed by the Hittites.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Ramses's forces were almost wiped out, but with the help of reinforcements, he managed to retreat back to Egypt, where the war expedition was celebrated as a great victory.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[48] Population The population of Egypt has been estimated at the time of the country's unification in 3000 BCE.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

from about half a million inhabitants to one and a half million.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

During the Old Empire, the population was between 2 and 2.5 million and 4.5 million during the New Empire.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

By the time the Romans occupied the country its population may have been as high as 8 million, although more general estimates are roughly in the category of five million inhabitants.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[50] The population numbers of the largest cities moved in a few tens of thousands [51].


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The infant mortality rate in Ancient Egypt has been estimated at 30%, with an average lifespan of 30—40 years for an Egyptian who survived to become an adult.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[50] Genetically, the population of ancient Egypt was closely related to the peoples of the Near East, the Anatolian Peninsula and Europe.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The gene lineage of Black Africa did not exist in Egyptians at that time in the present quantities.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[52] The Egyptians were light-skinned in the Mediterranean, and they resembled mainly modern day Greeks in appearance.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[49] Society Ancient Egypt was divided into strict social classes, but through education the working boys could rise to the upper classes too.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The highest-ranking of all was the pharaoh, lower than whom were members of the clergy and the overlords.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Beneath these were soldiers, then scribes, merchants and craftsmen.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The second lowest class was formed by farmers, below which were only labourers, most of whom were slaves.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[53] Pharaoh Pharaoh was the sole leader of ancient Egypt.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

He was worshipped as a terrestrial manifestation of the god Horus, son of Isis and Osiris [55], and later as the son of the sun god Ra [56].


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Pharaoh's duties included, among other things, leading an army and worshipping the Egyptian gods.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Pharaoh must always strive in his decisions to uphold Maath, justice [57].


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Some of the most prominent and famous pharaohs Clergy The priests of ancient Egypt handled the worship expenditures in the temples: they delivered offering deliveries and recited prayers.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

At the top of the hierarchy was the High Priest, below which were the lay priests in charge of the temple cult, wab priests changing every four months.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

In addition to them, there were full-time ritual and reader priests with training for their work.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[72] Egyptian priests were not spiritual leaders, preachers or religious experts, as priests are today [73].


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

At the end of the New Empire, clergy power grew so mighty that it assumed power over Upper Egypt from the pharaoh [74] Slaves Actual slavery in Egypt did not exist in the oldest times, but serfdom was common [74].


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Egyptian slaves were mostly prisoners of war imported from other countries.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

With the expeditions of conquest of the new kingdom, many slaves were obtained, especially from Nubia, Canaan Land and Syria, as well as from the sea peoples.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

An Egyptian who was unable to pay his debts may also have been slaved, but debt slavery was abolished in the Late Period.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[75] At the time of Roman rule, 10% of the inhabitants of Egypt are estimated to have been slaves.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Slaves worked variously in various capacities, often especially on the holdings of pharaohs, overlords and clergy.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Slavery was often heritable.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

No actual slave market is known to have existed.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The status of slaves in Egypt was relatively good compared to other societies, and did not always differ from that of an ordinary laborer.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Prisoners of war were not always slaved for life; instead, after a certain period of time, they might be let go free.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[75] Architecture Tombs and Pyramids The pharaohs of the first two dynasties of the Old Empire initially built low pew-like clay brick mastabas as their tombs.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Stair pyramids formed from mastabas laid out on top of each other.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[76] Of these, the first made of stone and therefore well preserved was the stair pyramid of the Third Dynasty pharaoh Djoser at Sakkara.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The great pyramids of Giza were built by the pharaohs of the Fourth Dynasty, the largest of which is originally the 146 metre high Pyramid of Kheops.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[77] Subsequently, the appreciation of the pyramids began to decrease: they began to be built smaller than before, and poorer preserved materials were used as building materials.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[78] The pharaohs of the New Empire were buried in the inaccessible rock tombs of the Valley of the Kings and more easily guarded than the pyramids.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

By the time of the 21st Dynasty, royal mummies were gathered together and concealed in safe hiding places.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

One of these was the tomb of Amenhotep II, discovered in 1898, containing a total of 16 royal mummies.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Another similar cache was also discovered in the 19th century.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[79] Temples Ancient Egyptian god temples were intended for the maintenance of the state religion; they were ruled by priests, and were places forbidden to common people.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

At the heart of the Great Temple was the “most holy”, an enclosed dark chamber where the god lived and where the image of the god was.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[80] The pharaohs were taken to their pyramidal tomb through the valley temple and the temple of death that were connected to the pyramid.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

At the death temple, daily rites were supplied to the king after his death, guaranteeing his well-being in the afterlife.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

After kings began to be buried in rock tombs, the Temple of Death became their only visible monument.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Most of these temples have already disappeared.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[81] The Sphinx of Giza is located on the Giza Plateau in front of the Pyramid of Khefren.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

It is a statue about 20 metres high and 73.5 metres tall with a human face and the body of a lion.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The sphinx is hewn into limestone projecting from the bedrock.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Within it are three shafts, inside of which nothing has been found.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[82] There is no full certainty as to the identity of the sphinx at Giza, although most often it is considered to portray Pharaoh Khafre, who ruled during the Fourth Dynasty.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

According to some theories, the Sphinx might also present Khafre's predecessors Djedefra or Khufu.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Between its front paws there may have been a statue of a king; now it has a so-called unisteela.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[82] Sphinxes also exist in other parts of Egypt, such as Karnak, and some of them have the head of a ram or a hawk.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

In Egypt, the Sphinxes had a mythological connection with the sun god and pharaoh.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[82] Obelisks Obelisks were columns of a single stone, usually of red granite, quadrangular at the base and upwardly tapered, with a pyramid-shaped pinnacle.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The obelisks were symbols of the sun god.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Two obelisks usually stood in front of an ancient Egyptian temple.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[83] Culture Language The inhabitants of ancient Egypt spoke the Egyptian language, which belongs to the Afro-Asiatic language.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Egypt is already a dead language, but its grammar is well known.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

During the Old Empire, ancient Egyptian was spoken: about it, in particular, pyramidal texts have been preserved, which were written in the rooms of the pyramids.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

During the Middle Kingdom, spoken Egyptian was called Middle Egyptian, meaning Classical Egyptian.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The Egyptian of the New Empire was neogyptic, later evolving into the Coptic language.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[84] Writing skills were invented in Egypt no later than 3200—3100 BCE.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The Egyptians' writing system, hieroglyphics, may have arrived from Mesopotamia, or the Egyptians had exported their hieroglyphs or their idea as Mesopotamian pictorial writing.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[84] According to some timings, there would have been hieroglyphs in the tomb of a king named Scorpio I between 3300 and 3200 BCE.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

and in some pot shards from 3400—3300 BCE.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[85] The use of hieroglyphs declined by the period of Ptolemy and Roman rule at the latest.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Once and for all, their use was abandoned by 300 shares., at which time Egyptian began to be written in Greek letters, to which seven demotic characters were added.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

The reason for the abandonment of old scripture was probably that Egypt had already become a Christian country, and hieroglyphs were considered pagan.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

[86] There are four types of hieroglyphics in the content text: individual sound signs, characters in groups of letters, word marks, and unpronounceable, clarifying characters.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Some of the hieroglyphics are pure picture writing.


Question: When was the Second Persian Empire established?

Ancient Egypt

Hieroglyphs were not learned to reinterpret until the early 19th century.