Question: Can an adult person get measles?

Measles

The rash begins on the upper body.


Question: Can an adult person get measles?

Measles

It does not itch as much as, for example, chickenpox.


Question: Can an adult person get measles?

Measles

[4] The measles virus attacks B and T immune cells, which also include memory cells of the immune system that remember human infections.


Question: Can an adult person get measles?

Measles

[5] Measles can cause post-disease, the most common of which are inflammation of the middle ear and pneumonia.


Question: Can an adult person get measles?

Measles

The virus can damage the central nervous system, and the most feared complication of the disease is encephalitis.


Question: Can an adult person get measles?

Measles

[4] The risk of severe afterdiseases of measles is greatest in adults, young children and immunocompromised individuals.


Question: Can an adult person get measles?

Measles

Sufferers, if suspected of measles, should contact their own health centre in advance for instructions for action.


Question: Can an adult person get measles?

Measles

[1] You can give medicine for fever, but measles is cured on its own.


Question: Can an adult person get measles?

Measles

You can make the child feel easier by dimming the lights and putting on itching talc.


Question: Can an adult person get measles?

Measles

Vaccination against measles is a vaccine usually administered in Finland as a combination MPR vaccine.


Question: Can an adult person get measles?

Measles

[6] The so-called herd protection against the spread of measles occurs when 96% to 99% of the population have been vaccinated.


Question: Can an adult person get measles?

Measles

[7] In many places, MPR vaccine coverage has fallen below the 95% threshold.


Question: Can an adult person get measles?

Measles

In addition to the Pietarsaari region, this has happened, for example, in Helsinki and Tampere.


Question: Can an adult person get measles?

Measles

[2] According to the HealthMap transmission model, one case of the disease results in two infections within 70 days if the population is comprehensively vaccinated.


Question: Can an adult person get measles?

Measles

If, on the other hand, only 60 per cent have been vaccinated, there will be 2800 new infections in the same time frame.


Question: Can an adult person get measles?

Measles

[7] Before the vaccination programme, an average of three people died from measles per year in Finland.


Question: Can an adult person get measles?

Measles

[2] Since the introduction of the vaccine, mortality has decreased in other infectious diseases [8].


Question: Can an adult person get measles?

Measles

In Finland, vaccinations began in 1975.


Question: Can an adult person get measles?

Measles

[6] History The first scientific description of measles was given by Al-Razi (860—932) when in his book he distinguished measles from smallpox and chickenpox.


Question: Can an adult person get measles?

Measles

Measles worldwide Measles deaths decreased by more than 80% between 2000 and 2017 [9], according to WHO.


Question: Can an adult person get measles?

Measles

The decline in mortality is due to improvements in resistance and vaccination of children against measles, according to the WHO.


Question: Can an adult person get measles?

Measles

[6] In 2014, 296629 people were infected with measles, of which 20499 Europeans [10] and three Finns were affected.


Question: Can an adult person get measles?

Measles

According to WHO statistics, in 2017 there were 110,000 deaths, mainly children under the age of five.


Question: Can an adult person get measles?

Measles

[9] Measles in Finland Measles is rare, with an estimated fewer than five people getting sick each year.


Question: Can an adult person get measles?

Measles

[11] On the basis of the vaccination registry, pox coverage for measles in children born in Finland in 2015 is more than 94%, in some places less than 90%, while it should be more than 95%, that there should be no illnesses.


Question: Can an adult person get measles?

Measles

Previously, coverage was cleared by sampling.


Question: Can an adult person get measles?

Measles

[12] [13] In August 2011, four people fell ill at the Defence Forces Santahamina garrison with measles.


Question: Can an adult person get measles?

Measles

[14] Measles usually arrives in Finland from abroad.


Question: Can an adult person get measles?

Measles

In January 2014, one child was diagnosed with measles from Asia in Sammati's Steiner School.


Question: Can an adult person get measles?

Measles

Parents of Steiner school children are more reluctant than average to vaccinate their children.


Question: Can an adult person get measles?

Measles

According to doctor Tanja Nummila, the disease can be transmitted sensitively and airborne.


Question: Can an adult person get measles?

Measles

Nummila said those receiving the vaccine are protected from infection and others will have to wait for the disease to germinate in their home for possible sprouting.


Question: Can an adult person get measles?

Measles

Nummila stated that the incident also put children at a neighbouring kindergarten at risk.


Question: Can an adult person get measles?

Measles

[15] In 2013, two people were infected with measles in Finland, and in 2014 a total of three people were infected with measles, all of whom were laboratory confirmed cases.


Question: Can an adult person get measles?

Measles

[16] In November 2018, one case of measles was diagnosed in Luo.


Question: Can an adult person get measles?

Measles

An estimated 300 individuals were exposed to the disease.


Question: Can an adult person get measles?

Measles

[17] The infected child had not been vaccinated against measles.


Question: Can an adult person get measles?

Measles

[18] Sources on the topic elsewhere Arno Forsius: (historical review) THL: THL (e.g.


Question: Can an adult person get measles?

Measles

adhesion, symptoms, prevalence), thl.fi Category:Viral diseases Category:Key articles in screening


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

Map projection is a method in which the surface of the Earth or part of it is projected onto a two-dimensional plane as a map.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

Because the Earth's surface is spherical, it cannot be applied directly into a plane or imaged on a plane surface without distorting either spacing, surface areas, shapes or directions.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

The distortions are at their greatest on world maps.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

Therefore, several different map projections have been developed that are suitable for specific uses, showing the necessary things as truthful as possible.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

Many map projections are not actual projections in the true sense of the word, as they are calculated according to mathematical formulas.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

The map projection should also take into account the flattening of the Earth.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

Projections by plane The map can be projected directly onto a surface to be applied to a plane or plane, such as a cylinder or cone.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

In accordance with this, map projections are divided into plane, cone and cylindrical projections.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

Planar projections In plane projection, or azimuthal projections, the ground surface is thought to be projected onto a plane tangential to the Earth at some point.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

Viewed from this central point, all directions appear correct.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

The projection is called basic or normal position if this lateral point is at the north or south pole.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

If it is at the equator, it is transverse position, i.e. transversal, and if it is somewhere else, it is an oblique projection.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

[1] In basal projection, meridians are straight and latitudes are concentric circles, and they are used especially in polar maps.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

[1] The so-called perspective plane projections include orthographic, stereographic, and gnomonic projection.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

[1] Each of these may be normal, transverse or oblique.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

An orthographic projection shows the Earth as it would appear when viewed from far away space; also, if one photographs a map sphere while the camera is located far enough from it, a map consistent with the orthographic projection is obtained.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

The map can show no more than half of the Earth's surface.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

The projection is also commonly used on maps of the Moon because it shows the Moon as it appears from Earth with a telescope; after all, the Moon always has the same side turned towards the Earth.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

A gnomonic projection can be thought of as being formed by having a lamp placed at the center of the translucent map sphere, and the membrane-like plane tangences the surface of the sphere at some point.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

A map according to the gnomonic projection would then be depicted on this film.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

On such a map, all the isocircles of the ground surface, for example, the equator and meridian circles, are straight, which is why the projection is used in mm.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

in the design of flight paths.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

[1] At one time, it is possible to present less than half of the Earth's surface.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

The gnomonic projection is believed to be the oldest map projection; it was developed by Thales in the 5th century BCE.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

A stereographic projection can be formed in a similar way; however, the lamp must think of being located on the surface of the Earth at a point opposite to the lateral point of the imaging plane (hence, for example, at the South Pole, if the tangential point is at the North Pole).


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

The projection is right-angled, i.e., angular precise (see.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

below).


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

Especially in the past, projection has also been commonly used as a transverse position on two-part world maps, where the eastern and western hemispheres are depicted on two separate circular maps.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

In this case, the flanking points are located at opposite points at the equator.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

These projections are probably easiest to understand using such geometric-optical constructs, but they can also be defined using mathematical formulas.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

In a basic orthographic projection, latitude φ is matched by a circle with radius R · k · c o s {\ displaystyle cos\ phi}, in gnomonic again R ·k · cot {\ displaystyle\ cot\ phi} and in stereographic 2 · R · k · cos 1 + sin {\ displaystyle {\ frac {\ cos\ phi} {1+\ sin\ phi}}}, where R is the radius of the Earth and k the scale of the map at the pole.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

If the lateral point is not at the pole, the formulas are formed more complex.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

In addition, there is a right-midlength plane projection, where distances from the tangential point are proportionate.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

The UN flag depicts the globe in such a projection with the North Pole as the centerpiece.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

Cylindrical projections In cylindrical projection, the Earth is placed inside an imaginary cylinder on which the surface is projected.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

In world maps, the equator is usually chosen as the lateral line.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

After that, the cylinder is applied to a plane.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

Both latitude and meridian circles are then shown as straight lines [1], and distortion of shapes or areas increases when going away from the tangential line.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

Different cylindrical projections differ in what distance from the equator different latitudes are placed on the map.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

Mathematically the simplest is the so-called square map, where the distances from the equator are proportionate, that is, the meridians are depicted in the correct length.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

The projection is neither right-angled nor -surface.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

However, the most commonly used cylindrical projection has been the Mercator projection, which, due to its right-angularity, is especially suitable for nautical maps.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

[1] Especially in the early 20th century, it was also perhaps the most commonly used map projection on ordinary world maps, despite the fact that the surface areas are very flawed and areas far from the equator appear disproportionately large.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

In it, both the latitude and longitude scale increase as you go away from the equator.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

In right-surface cylindrical projections, by contrast, the distances of latitudes are reduced towards the poles so that the surface areas are depicted proportionately.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

This requires the latitude distance from the equator to be proportional to the sine of latitude.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

However, the shapes of the regions are noticeably distorted, except in the vicinity of some chosen latitude where the scale is the same in all directions.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

The Peters projection (Gall-Peters projection), which has sparked quite a bit of debate in recent decades, is a right-facing cylindrical projection, where 45 degrees north and south latitude have been chosen as such latitudes.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

The shapes of the regions in the vicinity of these latitudes are correctly described, but the equatorial regions stretch in a north-south direction, the regions near the poles again in an east-west direction.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

Conic Projections In cone projection, a globe is imagined inside a cone tangential to the surface of the earth at some latitude.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

[1] The cone can also cut the Earth's surface along two different lines, causing the scale distortion not to grow very large.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

The cone projections are particularly suitable for maps of regions that are somewhat distant from the equator [1] and are long from the east-west direction, for example European maps.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

The main cone projections are the flat-spaced cone projection, the Albers right-face cone projection, and the Lambert right-angled cone projection.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

Projections according to the correctness of the epithet In any map projection, not all distances are displayed in the correct proportion.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

However, there are projections where the angles, surface areas, or distances between directions from some center are everywhere correctly described.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

Accordingly, many major projections can be classified as follows: [1] Right-angle projections display the angles between air directions correctly.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

This property corresponds to the mathematical concept of conformal description.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

In these projections, though, the length scale varies in different parts of the map, but locally, at a certain point on the map, the scale is the same in all directions and thus small areas appear in the right shape.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

Right-angled projections are used, for example, in shipping.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

Examples: Mercator projection Gauss—Krüger projection UTM projection Stereographic projection Lambert right-angle cone projection Right-facing projections show areas of areas as true.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

For example, they are used in the presentation of information relative to regions in various themed maps.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

Examples: Lambert right-face cylindrical projection Gall-Peters projection Albers projection Lambert right-face plane projection Mollweide projection Hammer projection Sanson—Flamsteed projection i.e., sinusoidal projection Werner projection Eckert's II, IV and VI projection Goode's right-hand projection In right-center projections, distances on a map from a centre or some latitude or meridian (for example, the equator) remain proportionate to the actual distances.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

Examples: Uniform cylindrical projection Equal cone projection Right-medium length plane projection Sanson—Flamsteed projection Werner projection Eckert's I, III, and V Projection There are also projections where none of the epithets are entirely correct.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

The result is a compromise that seeks to strike a balance between different distortions, or to make the map simply look good.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

Examples: Robinson projection van der Grinn projection Miller cylindrical projection Winkel tripel projection Gnomonic projection A projection band Projection band (,) is the geographic region on a sphere or ellipsoid from which objects are described by map projection level.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

In Finnish maps, the Gauss-Krüger projection is commonly used in Finnish maps, which is formed in principle as the Mercator projection, but where the line of flanking the cylindrical goes down to some meridian, [1] in Finland most commonly 27° east of Greenwich, but also meridians 21°, 24° and 30° have been used on maps of smaller ranges.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

Since Finland is narrow in the east-west direction, the areas in Finland are not yet sadly distorted, but in some parts of the country the map north, i.e. the direction towards the top of the map, is already significantly different from the polar north, i.e. the direction directly up to the meridian towards the north pole.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

The atlastic coordinate system (KKJ) of Finland's previous terrestric reference framework (KKJ) was formed using the Gauss-Krüger projection.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

Description occurred into six projection bands with central eridians of 18°, 21°, 24°, 27°, 30°, and 33°.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

Of these, the IDs KKJ0, KKJ1, KKJ2, KKJ3, KKJ4 and KKJ5 were used.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

With Finland's current terrestric reference framework EUREF-FI, several map projection is used.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

The whole Finnish is described to the ETRS-TM35FIN plane coordinate system using a transverse Mercator projection.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

In addition to this, there are projection bands defined in one-degree intervals for small-scale mapping, into which the description occurs by the Gauss—Krüger projection.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

In turn, the recommendation of the public administration is to use Lambert's conformal cone projection for large-scale mapping, and in statistical maps or in a description that would otherwise have to be area-accurate, Lambert's area-accurate projection.


Question: Who developed the map projections?

Map projection

Sources CD-Facta 2005 References on Topic Elsewhere * Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: What is the area of the Elbow Pond?

Elbow pond

Elnärlampi [1] [2] is a pond in Luhala Bay in Ikaalis, Pirkanmaa, which belongs to the Sipsiöjärvi catchment area of the Ikaalinen route catchment area in the Kokemäenjoki River basin.


Question: What is the area of the Elbow Pond?

Elbow pond

Elnärlampi is part of the Sipsiönjärven-Vahojärvi region.


Question: What is the area of the Elbow Pond?

Elbow pond

[1] [2] Geographical information The length of the pond is 350 meters, width 250 meters and its area is 6 hectares.


Question: What is the area of the Elbow Pond?

Elbow pond

It is located north of the Sipsiönjoki route and in the pressure between Ohistonlami and Silmikkeenvuori.


Question: What is the area of the Elbow Pond?

Elbow pond

Two forest ditches descend into it and its downditch leaves the southern end of the pond and descends 100 metres to Millpond.


Question: What is the area of the Elbow Pond?

Elbow pond

The downswing undercuts connecting road 2764 on its way.


Question: What is the area of the Elbow Pond?

Elbow pond

The length of the shoreline is 950 metres and three farms are located in its surroundings.


Question: What is the area of the Elbow Pond?

Elbow pond

Three second homes have been built on the beach, to which roads lead from connecting road 2764.


Question: What is the area of the Elbow Pond?

Elbow pond

Mount Eyekeenvuori rises about 30 feet above the water level.


Question: What is the area of the Elbow Pond?

Elbow pond

[1] [2] History In the 1955 printed base map, the pond's name was spelled “Elbow pond”.


Question: What is the area of the Elbow Pond?

Elbow pond

[3] Sources Category:Sipsiönjärven—Lake Vahojärvi region Category:Ikaalinen lakes Category:Luhalahti


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

The ants (Formicidae) are a family of community-living authenticocial, stingy insectivores.


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

Of the more than 12000 described species of ants, about 60 live in Finland.


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

[1] [2] The tribe of ants has been around for over a hundred million years, so they are a very old group of animals compared to humans, for example.


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

Ants are now divided into 19 subfamilies, three of which are extinct, fossil-based tribes.


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

[3] [4] Four of the subfamilies occur in Finland: stink ants (Dolichoderinae), scum ants (Formicinae), stinger ants (Myrmicinae) and sting ants (Ponerinae).


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

[5] Ants are highly adaptable animals, which has allowed them to spread throughout the globe, except for the polar regions and a few distant islands.


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

A colony of ants may include members from just a few up to tens of thousands of individuals.


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

The number varies by species.


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

The most obvious distinguishing feature of ants is the waist, which is formed by one or more divisions.


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

The science that studies ants is called myrmecology and ant scientists are called myrmecologists.


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

[6] Ants structure The body of ants is three-pronged like other insects, they have six legs as well as knee-high sensory horns.


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

Like other insects, ants too have a hard chitin shell that acts as an external exoskeleton.


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

Ants have web eyes and their sense of smell is located at the end of their tactile horns.


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

Ants have strong jaws with different numbers of teeth in different species.


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

Ants have no blood supply and no lungs.


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

The abdomen of ants is twofold: they have a “social abdomen” on which they store the nutrition given to others (such as queens and larvae), and their own abdomen, the contents of which they consume themselves.


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

[7] Prehistoric ants Ants have existed since about 120—160 million years ago.


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

The oldest amber fossils have been found dating back 100 million years.


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

These initial ants were primitive and resembled the intermediate form of wasp and ant.


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

[8] These ants, which have been named Sphecomyrma (wasp ant), were about five millimetres in length.


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

They had short jaws with only two teeth; the sensory horns were longer and narrower than in the current species.


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

When the dinosaurs went extinct, the ants survived the mass extinction and were very successful.


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

One of the factors that led to their success was the social lifestyle, which existed not only with stingers but termites.


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

The remains of ants resembling Sphecomyrma were discovered in an Australian museum in 1977.


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

Based on the timing of these remains, it was concluded that there might be a surviving species that very much resembled early primordial ants.


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

It took dozens of years for this species to be found alive, as it was rare and moved mostly only at night in contrast to ants in general.


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

This species (Nothomyrmecia) [9] was a sensation when found near a town called Poochera, as it was only now possible to observe very primitive ants.


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

Evolutionary history Ants have evolved from wasps [6] about 100—112 million years ago.


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

In 1966, a missing ring of ant evolution was found.


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

Prior to this 1966 discovery, the history of ants was known only 40 to 60 million years away, as the oldest fossils by then had only been found in rock strata from the Eocene period.


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

It was known that ants had spread throughout the world about 25—40 million years ago, during the Oligocene period.


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

The oldest fossils of that time were mostly ants caught in amber found in the Baltics.


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

However, ants of the Oligocene age bore such resemblance to current ants that early ants had to have evolved much earlier.


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

A breakthrough in the study of the evolutionary history of ants came when a Frey couple living in New Jersey discovered a piece of amber containing two worker ants in the cliffs of Cliffwood Beach.


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

The amber to which the early ants had been caught was derived from mammoth predators of the Cretaceous.


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

The ant turned out to be about 90 million years old, so it became a sensation.


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

The ant turned out to be very primitive, and it resembled a lot of wasp.


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

It was given the scientific name Sphecomyrma freyi by its discoverers.


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

Later fossils older than this have been found, but the discovery of Sphecomyrma freyi proved the conclusions regarding the evolution of ants correct.


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

Dominance Ants are found all over the globe except the polar regions and a few distant islands.


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

Ants exist on Earth in about ten thousand trillion individuals [10].


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

For example, in the Amazonas region, the dry weight of ants is almost four times the weight of mammals, reptiles, amphibians and birds in the region combined.


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

Ant species of Finland There are about 60 species of ants present in Finland.


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

In the forests of southern Finland, there are a few ants on hectares, in the north less.


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

[11] Ants are mostly considered pests, although they are important beasts in Finnish forests.


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

Although ants are vermin to humans, they also eat other pests.


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

On the other hand, some species, for example, the Celtics, milk aphids, which are garden pests.


Question: How many top lads are there in the sting?

Ants

An ant in the garden is more useful than harmful, because plants rarely suffer from the presence of ants.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

[12] One of the most common indoor pests is the Moorish (Lasius niger), which causes particularly high levels of destruction on food and yard plants.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Moorish, among other things, lift sand over yard tiles and dig holes in corridors and flower beds.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Moorish nests in marigolds at the same time cause drying of plant roots.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

In addition, the Moorish might bite across plant spring buds in hopes of liquid.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

The horse ant (Camponotus herculeanus) may damage the structures of wooden houses by digging its corridors into the wood.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

[13] Dwelling places Ants have other places to live than mere keos.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

For example, they might form a huge front that eats all slow enough creatures lost in the road (for example, birds, rats).


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Such wanderer ants do not settle in place, but stay overnight in certain places and continue in the morning ororto the morning.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

The queen is carried, for it cannot interrupt the laying for a moment.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

The workers carry its eggs all the time, and the wanderer ants are born in the middle of a fierce march.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Some ant species make their nest from needles and dead leaves as well as miscellaneous material, while some sew it from live leaves.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

In some places, ants have caused a lot of trouble to humans.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

In the 17th century, certain settlements in the West Indian archipelago were even going to be abandoned, as the ants living on them had begun to terrorise the settlements.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

[14] A substantial reward of £10,000 was offered for the Ant Destroyer at that time, but no one was successful in the mission.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

The ants eventually disappeared at their own times, the cause of which is not yet known.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Leaf cutter ants carrying leaves to their nest.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

On top of the leaves, they grow their mushroom cultures.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Black ants (Formica fusca).


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Society Caste system An ant colony consists mainly of a queen (or in some cases several queens) in the role of an egg-laying machine, the kuhnur, that is, the males required to fertilize the queen and the females, that is, the labourers who do all the colony's work food retrieval for the care of offspring.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

In ants, as with other authenticocial insects, queens and laborers differ considerably in both appearance and behavior.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Ant-workers are wingless and usually smaller than the queen as well.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Laborers also do not reproduce (except in exceptional cases), as they are sterile.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Society depends on all castes, and if even one of them completely disappears, the whole nest dies.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

The spread of queen queens is tied to whether the nest is monogynous or polygynous.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

From monogynous, or single-queen nests, new queens embark on a mating flight.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

After mating, the queen digs a nest burrow suitable for herself and gives birth to the first workers, who, as soon as they give birth, begin to build a nest.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

In polygynic, or multi-queen nests, new queens may mate on the nest surface and remain in the home nest to lay eggs.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

After mating, the queen sucks away her wings, and its wing muscles fuse for sustenance.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

It will never leave its nest again.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Gradually, the nest grows and the queen's only job remains to bring the offspring into the world.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

As the nest grows and stabilises, the queen begins giving birth to new virgin queens, who soon leave to continue the lineage.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Communication between the queen and the laborers is carried out with the help of various pheromones.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

However, communication is not conversation, but rather communication tends to the use of different triggers.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

The Queen does not force the workers into anything, but urges them to various tasks.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

The queen may be regarded as a prisoner of the nest rather than the leader, as the labourers will not let it leave the nest.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

If the queen tried to escape for any reason, it would immediately be carried back to the nest by mob to continue laying.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Many ant species have multiple fertilized queens in the same nest.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Some species accept only one lord (with the exception of virgin queens) as their nest.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

The researchers anesthetized such a nest, removed the queen, and added five new queens to the nest.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

When the ants awoke, they initially set about serving all queens, but then they began executions, leaving only one queen alive.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

The Laborers keep the nest alive; they acquire foraging, care for the queen's eggs and queen, clean the nest from the dead, and specialize in a wide range of tasks.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Workers are always females and are therefore all siblings with each other.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

The ant nest has the largest number of workers and their job is to take care of the nest's operation.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Workers don't live very long, and their lives are very dangerous in some places.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Laborers are forced to make defiant foraging expeditions far from the nest, from which only some return.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

In many ant communities, in addition to the caste system, specialization of laborers for specific tasks occurs.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

One example of highly developed workers' specialization is leaf cutters (Atta), who have their own workers for growing mold, cutting and carrying leaves, and guards to scoop on a portable magazine.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Soldiers Sometimes laborers specialising in different tasks of the same species have evolved to be structured so that they have the highest possible chance of performing their duties.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

An example of such highly specialized laborers are soldiers found in some ant species.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Soldiers are large and usually carry some form of armament (large and strong jaws or poison injection).


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

The task of soldiers is to defend the nest, and the vast majority of them die in various battles.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Soldiers shelter laborers on foraging expeditions and prevent intruders from entering the nest.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

The Malaysian banging horse ant also resorts to suicide on behalf of its nest: it detonates its bomb gland with formic acid lethal to ants inside, causing it to die itself in the process.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Some species (such as horse ants found in Finland) do not have actual soldiers, but larger than usual laborers used to defend the nest.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Weather scientists The meteorologists are laborers tasked with sending new virgin queens and kuhnur on their maiden flight at the time of the best weather possible.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

They stick to the back of the bump/virgin queen, and let it go when the weather is good.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

This ensures that whoever embarks on a maiden flight has as good a chance as possible to meet members of the second nest and mate.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Mesh tanks Because ants use neither tools nor containers, they have been forced to develop other methods of foraging.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

A clever way of solving problems has been invented among the brow ants: “living containers” of ants, i.e. selected laborers, stick their jaws to the ceiling of the nest and hang in it until food is brought to them.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

The laborer who collected the nutrition takes the ant down and vomits it into the palate for nourishment, after which the “tank” again attaches itself to the ceiling.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Gradually, the rear body of such “living containers” swells huge, as it is filled with nutrition.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

When laborers need nourishment, they take the “tank” down and touch with their front legs the head of the latter, causing the “tank” to vomit food on them.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

If the nest is overrun, the containers are not killed like other ants, but taken to their own nest and likely emptied, after which they become slaves.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Mesh containers only exist in mesi ants.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Instead, all species collect food in their “public belly”, that is, their domes, but nevertheless much less than mesh containers.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Ants have two stomachs: a social stomach, from which they feed on other ants, and their own private abdomen, the contents of which they use to feed themselves.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Kuhnurit Kuhnur, as their name suggests, do not work, as they have the ability to transfer their genes to an entire next nest.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

The Kuhnur have wings in the manner of virgin queens and are just waiting for the right moment to take flight.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

On maiden flight, the kuhnur pair with as many queens as possible.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Then their wings come off and they wander on the ground until they die of starvation or are killed by an animal - normally a bird.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Growing to a specific caste The care of eggs and larvae determines which caste the ant grows into.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

In particular, the nutrition received by the larva has an effect on whether an individual develops into a queen or a laborer.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Kuhnur arise from unfertilized eggs.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Slaves Only a fraction, 2 to 4 percent of all ant species hold slaves.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Typically, ants using slave labour periodically rob offspring from nests of their host species nearby.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Slaves are thus laborers looted from second nests usually as a caterpillar or enclosure.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Always looted slaves are not content with their status, but risk sabotaging the society of their new masters by killing or neglecting their descendants.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

The looted individuals develop into full members of the nest, taking care of the usual workers' tasks such as foraging, brood care, and nest sanitation.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

The degree of enslavement varies: other species have retained the abilities necessary to maintain the nest and take care of these tasks in conjunction with their slaves, while other species are entirely dependent on their slaves.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

For example, Teleutomyrmex ants have no laborers at all.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Their queens do not set up their own nest, but invade the nests of other ants and stick them on the backs of much bigger queens, and the queen cannot shake them off.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

The labourers nurturing the Queen do not notice the change, but tend to the eggs of both queens.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Temporary parasites should not be confused with slaves.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

The parasite is, for example, a paper ant found in Finland (Lasius fuliginosus), whose society is based on the Moorish, in whose nests the queen of a certain Celtic species nests and slowly ignores the “indigenous population”.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

After that, the paper ant does the same to the Celtics.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

The paper ant or celtic is therefore unable to start a new nest itself, and will always need a displaced “host species” underneath them.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Superorganism Superorganism is the concept that an anthill is a coherent organism; workers are its lungs, heart, and all other important organs, kuhnur and queens being reproductive organs, while soldiers are like hedgehog spines.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

The nutrition exchanged between the ants, on the other hand, corresponds to blood and other bodily fluids.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

The concept of the superorganism began to become established among myrmecologists in the early 20th century, when many myrmecologists began to consider the subject and write treatises on it.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Perhaps the most illustrious of these was Willian Morton Wheeler's The Ant Colony as an Organism (Finnish. Ant society as an organism).


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

In his work, Wheeler argued that the anthill is indeed an individual and not just its counterpart.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

It has characteristic characteristics of size, organization and behavior that society passes on from generation to generation.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

The concept of a superorganism began to disappear as biologists made increasingly new observations about ant communication and caste system, allowing them to invent the secret of the order of the nest.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

By the 1960s, the concept of “superorganism” had already almost disappeared from among scientists.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Since then, as knowledge has increased, including morphogenesis and sociogenesis, comparisons of biological order levels between organisms and societies have returned.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

[6] Nests Some ants live in coats, but other types of nests also exist.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Some ant species live completely without a nest, some sew a leaf nest for themselves in the tree branch, some dig a nest for themselves in rot or fresh wood.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Large underground networks have been observed in leafcutter ants, which may have a combined volume of up to more than 20 cubic metres.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

[6] Nest of eco-ants Reproduction The reproduction of ants occurs during the maiden flight of cucumbers and virgin queens, during which they mate with each other.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

The bump, or male, hands over the only copy of its chromosome to the offspring, but the queen has a double chromosome from which it donates one side.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

This way every worker in the same nest is 75% related to their siblings.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

[15] In humans, siblings are only 50% related in their genes, and identical siblings are 100% related.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Ants in reproductive flight are called plane ants.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

[16] Birth and death An ant's life begins when the queen fertilizes her egg with one of countless sperm and soon spins an egg.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Wedding around the queen, the “court maids”, or labourers, grab the egg immediately and begin to care for it.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Ants tightly guard their eggs and immediately take them to safety deeper into the nest if any danger threatens them.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

The egg soon develops into a larva, which begins to be fed.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

The larva grows and experiences metamorphosis as a cocoon stage, after which a new ant hatches from it.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Often an ant striving out of its enclosure cannot break it itself, so some laborer in the nest will have to help the ants that have just become fully grown.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

When it dies, the ant simply looms in the corridor of its nest.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

At first, the others fail to notice its death, but as the characteristic odor disappears and oleic acids appear in the body, the others realise their nestmates are dead.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

They cling to the dead with their jaw and carry it to an out-of-nest trespass.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

In the experiment, scientists brushed a live ant with oleic acid and let it into the nest, after which it was carried out immediately.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

The laborer tried to return, but the others always carried it to the trestle.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

[6] Food and its acquisition Ants eat other insects, carrion, plant seeds and honey dew secreted by aphids, among other things, but they can also grow and eat mushrooms.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Several ways of foraging for ants have evolved, the three most common of which are: Livestock breeding Ants can breed livestock (usually aphids in Finland), which they protect from enemies.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

While cattle are aphids, the ants start watching over them, evicting their enemies - such as ladybirds - away and transporting them to new food crops.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

In return, ants “milk” aphids, from which a sweet liquid, honey dew is obtained.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Ant milking aphids.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

An ant of the species “Camponotus compressus” watching over aphids.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Red ant collecting birch sap.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Cultivation Certain species of ants are also adept at growing mushrooms.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

When setting up the nest, the queen takes some mushrooms from its old nest, which it “plants” in its new nest.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Mushrooms multiply very quickly, provided they are well cared for, providing a good reserve for the nest for a period when there is little sustenance available.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Some species have even developed the ability to trample the ground to be suitably spongy for mushrooms.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Hunting and other foraging are the most common means for ants to acquire their sustenance.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Upon finding a good place to eat (for example, a suitable flower or scavenger), the laborer runs back to the home base, leaving an odor mark on the ground that the other laborers follow to the prey.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

For good food spots, sometimes fierce battles are fought among ants, which the larger nest usually wins.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Ants may also eat their dead nestmates, as they contain a lot of energy.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

However, it is more common to loot the bodies of enemies killed in battle.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Ants also need water to live.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Taking advantage of their small size and water surface voltage, ants are able to carry water droplets to their home nest [15].


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

One South Indian species (Dicamma rugosum) has developed a knack for lining the nest entrance with feathers that collect moisture from the air at night [15].


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Behavior Aggressiveness Ants are very aggressive insects.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Some soldiers have developed large jaws with which they shred their opponents, some soldiers inject a painful corrosive liquid over their enemies.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

The peaceful co-existence of different nests is possible only if one nest has subjugated another, which is not very often the case, or if one of the nests is a parent colony.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Upon meeting another ant, the laborer immediately finds out about this characteristic odor.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

If it is not the same as its own nestmates, it will either attempt to subdue the intruder or kill him.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Altruism Ants behave altruistically: they do not seek to acquire their own offspring, but to secure the intake of the offspring of their sisters (virgin queens).


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

This custom was to scrap Charles Darwin's theory of evolution on natural selection, [6] in which each individual seeks primarily to have their own genes passed on to their offspring.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Darwin added a note to the theory that an ant can make up for the genes it lost by helping its sisters multiply the number of offspring.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

However, there were flaws in the theory that eventually allowed it to be understood that ant siblings are related to each other 75% rather than 50% as had been thought.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Because of the high kinship ratio among siblings, it is worth the sisters to help their mother produce new siblings at the expense of the proceeds of their own children.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Ants are ready to sacrifice for their nest.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Laborers venture out on dangerous foraging expeditions and soldiers risk blowing themselves apart if the nest is harassed by the enemy.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Sacrifice is not entirely voluntary, as the hormones secreted by the queen manipulate ants into these dangerous performances.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Communication Ants are community insects that communicate mainly by smell, touch, and vibration.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

In particular, the chemical (smell and taste) senses of ants are highly developed, which makes language based on their odor signals one of the most diverse communication systems in the animal world.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Ants produce several different pheromones using their excretory glands.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Using these pheromones, among other things, they warn their nestmates of imminent danger, agitate others to go on an attack on intruders, identify their nestmates or lead laborers to food.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

War and Strategies The inherent aggressiveness of ants leads to frequent fierce battles between different species and nests.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

These struggles to defeat the ants have developed different war strategies.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Myrmecologists studied for a long time how ants of the species Pheidole dentata were able to live peacefully in areas of the fire ant species Solenopsis invicta, despite hundreds of times more fire ants — under closed laboratory conditions, the fire ants of Solenopsis invicta won Pheidole dentatat effortless.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

A solution to the dilemma was soon found; the Pheidole dentatas had developed an advanced war strategy for themselves: The first step of the strategy is to prevent attacks.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

The Pheidole dentatas kill all the fire ant scouts, leaving the fire ants unable to learn of their existence.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

However, if the fire ant scout survives back to home base, there will be war.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

In this case, soldiers of the species Pheidole dentata settle in front of the nest.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

They have large overgrown jaws with which they chop the enemy apart.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

The fire ants launch an attack, but the soldiers delay them.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Meanwhile, the nest of Pheidole dentata finds itself engulfed in turmoil.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Everyone escapes and even the Queen escapes as does the individual laborer.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

When soldiers die and fire ants take over the nest, it will be empty.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

The Queen and her workers have evacuated to their hideout, where they will remain for some time.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Soon, the fire ants abandon the overrun nest and return to their home base.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Then the Pheidole dentata ants return to their nest and breed new soldiers.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Enemies Ants' enemies include birds that are happy to eat workers who have gone on a reconnaissance expedition.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Other enemies include termites and ant-eating ant bears, as well as ant cones.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Man is an enemy of ants, too.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Ants are the worst enemies to each other.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

In clashes between nests, piles of ants die and often entire nests are overrun and mass slaughtered.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Ants and emergence Ants are an example of emergence, ie how: quantity (thousands of ants) is transformed into quality (total activity of an anthill) simple local action (small intellect of an individual ant) transforms the ant nest into a smarter global as function (a more complex intellect).


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

individual things when networked become more complex entities.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

The ability of ants to mesh, form entities larger than a single ant is based on chemical communication, among other things.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

A single ant leaves odor marks, for example, when returning from predation.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

By monitoring and selecting odor traces of different strengths, the ant leaving the nest can easily find the best food sources even far away from the nest.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Ants and Man In the garden, however, ants are beneficial to man.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

For example, flowerbeds and growths thrive on a wide variety of pesting insects kept at bay by ants.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

In addition, ants take advantage of dead plants in the yard and shape the soil.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

[12] In particular, in Lapland, ants benefit humans.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Fell birch pests occur there, caused by fell meter larvae.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

They can eat leafless extensive areas of birch.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

However, there are areas where fell birches have retained their foliage.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Studies have found that there are also colonies of artificial ants in these areas.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

The reason for this is that ants use aphids that thrive in birches as their dairy cows, thus destroying the larvae of the fell meter.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

As a result, trees are spared, although they give up some of their vitality to the food of aphids and, by extension, ants.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

[12] Many ants are considered vermin by man because they destroy gardens, spread diseases in hospitals, and ruin food and the foundations of wooden houses.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Known pests in Finland include Moorish, or sugar ant, and pharaoh ant.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Abroad, some ants dispose of the grain crop worth millions of euros each year.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

[15] One example of ant tenacity is the bullfire ant imported from Brazil to the United States.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Since 1957, the U.S. government has spent more than $200 million on ant-fighting chemicals, but even so, attempts to eradicate these ants have always proved unsuccessful.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Ants for human consumption Ants and their larvae are used for human consumption in different parts of the world.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

In Mexico, ant larvae, called by the local name escamoles, are served as a delicacy in many restaurants.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

In Colombia, ants are sink-fried alive and eaten.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

This tradition has come from the native Guanes Indians of the country.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

In some parts of Thailand, ants are prepared for food in several different ways.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

In Khorat, ant eggs and plane ants are eaten as a snack type snack.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

The ant's eggs, larvae, and the ants themselves are used in Thai salad (), and in a dish from Isan called Yum Khai Mod Daeng (, red ant salad).


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Ants are tangy in taste.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

In South Africa, ants are used as an aid in cultivating rooibos, an otherwise difficult-to-grow herbal tea bush.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Honey ants are dug out of its nest and eaten because of the sugar it contains.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

See also List of ant species in Finland Ant bears Ant cones Ant flies Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hölldobler, Bert & Edward O. Wilson| title = Ants| publisher = Art House| year = 1996| version = ( Initial work: Journey to the Ants, 1994.)


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Translated by Kimmo Pietiläinen| id = ISBN 951-884-194-2}} On the topic elsewhere Finnish ant site - Forum and wiki on ants and their breeding: Comprehensive site about ants in the world and their identification: Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: How many of the upperlators are there in the sting?

Ants

Oy Transmeri Ab * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: When is Mattel founded?

Mattel

Mattel is an American company that manufactures toys.


Question: When is Mattel founded?

Mattel

Its products include Barbie dolls, Hot Wheels and Matchbox play cars, and board games.


Question: When is Mattel founded?

Mattel

Barbie dolls generate more than 80 percent of Mattel's revenue.


Question: When is Mattel founded?

Mattel

Mattel owns American Girl and Fisher-Price.


Question: When is Mattel founded?

Mattel

Mattel is one of the largest toy companies in the world.


Question: When is Mattel founded?

Mattel

[1] In 2015, Lego went past it, leaving Mattel as the second largest.


Question: When is Mattel founded?

Mattel

[2] History Elliot Handler and Harold “Matt” Matson (from first names born Matt-el) founded Mattel in 1945.


Question: When is Mattel founded?

Mattel

Elliot Handler's wife, Ruth Handler, later became CEO of the firm.


Question: When is Mattel founded?

Mattel

The company originally produced flat-screen dramas and dollhouse fittings from waste from flat-screen rams.


Question: When is Mattel founded?

Mattel

Due to the popularity generated by dollhouse fittings, the company directed its gaze to toys.


Question: When is Mattel founded?

Mattel

Ruth Handler founded the Barbie production line in 1959.


Question: When is Mattel founded?

Mattel

The company was listed on the stock exchange in 1960.


Question: When is Mattel founded?

Mattel

Throughout the 1960s, Mattel expanded its operations by buying smaller toy companies with their products.


Question: When is Mattel founded?

Mattel

[3] The company made ill-fated attempts with video games and faltered on the brink of bankruptcy in 1983.


Question: When is Mattel founded?

Mattel

The reorganisation included a focus on core businesses.


Question: When is Mattel founded?

Mattel

In 1988, the company secured a comprehensive agreement with Disney that, on the one hand, gave it exclusive rights to many toys based on Disney's favorite films, on the other hand guaranteed the toys high visibility in Disney amusement parks.


Question: When is Mattel founded?

Mattel

[3] In 1993, Mattel merged with Fisher-Price.


Question: When is Mattel founded?

Mattel

[4] 1996, Mattel acquired Tyco Toys, known for its Matchbox toy cars, which was the third largest toy manufacturer at the time.


Question: When is Mattel founded?

Mattel

[5] Products Toys American Girl Barbie and Ken Dolls Batman Big Jim BraveStarr Cabbage Country Brats (Cabbage Patch Kids) (1994-2000) Computer Warriors (1989-1990) Chatty Cathy (1959-1965, 1969-1971, 1998, 2001) Ever After High Fisher-Price Hot Wheels Justice League Unlimited Masters of the Universe (He-Man series) Magic 8 Ball Major Matt Mason (1966 - 1970) Matchbox Max Steel Monster High My Scene My Meebas Winx Club Pixar's Cars Polly Pocket Popples plush toys Pound Puppies See 'n Say Strange Change Machine (1968) Superman Tyco R/C Vertibird Rock 'Em Sock 'Em Robots (1966) Thomas Locomotive Games Othello (Reversi) UNO Scene It?


Question: When is Mattel founded?

Mattel

MAD GAB Sonar Sub Hunt Skip-Bo Boomo Uno Rommy Consoles in the early 1980s Mattel manufactured Intellivision, Aquarius and Hyperscan game consoles.


Question: When is Mattel founded?

Mattel

In 1987, Mattel handled distribution for the Nintendo Entertainment System in some European countries, as Nintendo did not yet have a European division at that time.


Question: When is Mattel founded?

Mattel

Some early European consoles read “Mattel Version” under the Nintendo Entertainment System.


Question: When is Mattel founded?

Mattel

Trivia Barbie and Ken dolls are named after the Handlers' children.


Question: When is Mattel founded?

Mattel

Sources Elsewhere Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When is Mattel founded?

Mattel

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: When is Mattel founded?

Mattel

Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When is Mattel founded?

Mattel

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: When is Mattel founded?

Mattel


Question: When is Mattel founded?

Mattel

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: When is Mattel founded?

Mattel


Question: When is Mattel founded?

Mattel

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: When is Mattel founded?

Mattel

Category:U.S. plaything manufacturers Category:U.S.-listed companies


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Mammals (Mammalia) are flat-tempered, vertebrate animals that usually give birth to live chicks.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

The mothers feed the chicks with milk secreted by the mammary glands through structures called the mammary glands.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

A characteristic feature of mammals, namely lactating from the old name, is also that during the gestation period oxygen and nutrients are transferred to the fetus through the placenta from the mother's body.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Other typical features include sweat glands, a coat of hair covering the skin, three middle ear bones (hammer, anvil, and stirrup), four legs, an isocortex region in the brain [1], and a lower jaw consisting of one bone.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

In mammals, the muscular diaphragm separates the heart, lungs and other organs from the abdominal cavity, while in other vertebrates the diaphragm is either membranous or absent at all.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Most mammals have teeth specialized in different food types.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Mammals also have a four-compartment heart, double and complete blood supply, as well as unlike other vertebrates their (fully developed) red blood cells lack a nucleus.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

[2] [3] [4] Furthermore, mammals have only a left curving aortic arch, while birds have right-curving and fish, reptiles and amphibians have aortic arches curving in both directions.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

[5] Mammals differ from all other vertebrates in particular in that they give birth to live chicks, i.e., are viviparous, while birds and (most) reptiles lay eggs.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

This is often seen as a mammal-binding trait; however, it is not entirely absolute, as five species in the order of beaked animals belonging to mammals lay eggs.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

In addition, the category of mammals includes a number of other groups that can be divided into two parts based on the mode of reproduction.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

For marsupials (Metatheria), the initial development of the fetus occurs inside the mother, after which the fetus enters a special pouch, where it develops for the rest of the time.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Marsupials, like beaked animals, are typical of the Australian fauna.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

In placental mammals (Eutheria), development occurs longer in the womb.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Mammals evolved from Therapsida class synapsids that lived about 200 million years ago.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Carl von Linné coined the name for the class of mammals in 1798 after first classifying plants based on their reproductive organs, and continued along the same line to classify animals, drawing attention to the nipples, or nipples (lat.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

mammae).


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Diversity Although there are few mammals in terms of species compared to other animal groups, mammals include a highly variegated array of animals adapted to different conditions and habitats.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

According to the third edition of the book Mammal Species of the World (2005), which relies on the foundational works of mammalian research, 5416 mammal species live in the world.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

[6] In the earlier, second edition (1993), there were only 4629 species.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

[6] Species are divided among 29 orders, the largest of which in species terms is the rodent sect with 2277 species.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

[6] About 4000 prehistoric and extinct mammal species are known.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

[7] Mammals have adapted to both aquatic and terrestrial life, or both simultaneously — seals, otters and hippos as examples of these.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

The majority of mammals live on four legs on the ground surface, but nearly one-fifth of them have flight ability (bats) or slightly more limited splicing ability (kaguans, gliding squirrels).


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Some species, such as contians, again live underground and only come to the ground surface intermittently.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Among squirrels and monkeys, you can find species that live mostly in trees.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

The world's largest mammal is the blue whale, which can weigh 220 tonnes and be more than 30 metres in length.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

[8] Of the terrestrial mammals, the largest is the African elephant, measuring about 3.5 metres in height and 6.6 tonnes in weight.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Already extinct on land, Indricotherium weighed three times as much on the African elephant.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

The smallest mammals include the Etruscan-headed and pork snout bat, which weigh between two and three grams.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

The lifespan of mammals ranges from less than a year (headwaters) to nearly 200 years (Greenland whale).


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Mammals include animals active both during the day and at night, which use meat, plants or insects as food.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Some mammals, such as humans and rats, are omnivores, that is, do not specialize in any particular food type.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Evolution and taxonomy Evolution Origin and evolution to the end of the Jurassic period The evolution of mammals began about 200 million years ago with Cynodontia synapsidas of the order Therapsida that lived in the Triassic.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

In reptiles, the lower jaw consists of several bones, but with Therapsida synapsids, the number of bones gradually decreased together and the bones transitioned into middle ear bones.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Cynodontia synapses had specialised teeth like mammals: anterior, angular, intermediate and molars.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Typically, reptiles do not have teeth specialized for different tasks, but all teeth are similar to each other.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

In addition, Cynodontia synapsids were flat-thermal and travelled like current mammals, i.e., the bones of the limbs had settled parallel to the body.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Thrinaxodon synapsids from the Triassic, belonging to the subfamily Cynodontia, had tactile moustaches and possibly fur on the basis of their skull bones.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Its teeth only regenerated twice during life (multiple times in reptiles) and it may have had a diaphragmatic muscle that facilitates breathing, which were well matched with mammalian traits.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Fossils of the earliest mammals have been found in North America and Africa, but there is reason to assume the animals were more widely distributed.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

The first mammals apparently evolved in the area of present-day Africa.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

The reasons for the development of mammals are largely based on the climate of the Permian period.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

The climate was dry and cool in the inner parts of the Pangea continent (Africa), as evidenced by a huge glacier in the southern hemisphere.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

This was an unfavourable climate for exchange temperature reptiles, but the flat-tempered, fur-coated and flat-tempered Cynodontia synapsids that lived in the late Permian period were able to remain active even during colder periods.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

With the warm seasons, other reptiles also awoke from hibernation, thus maintaining the development of lizards.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

[9] At the end of the Permian period about 251 million years ago, mass extinction occurred, killing 70% of terrestrial vertebrate species, but Cynodontia synapsids were spared in many respects.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

The end of the Permian period and its mass extinction ushered in a new period in Earth's history called the Mesozoic World Age.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

It consists of three seasons, which are in chronological order Trias, Jura and Cretaceous.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Some of the most famous animals of the Mesozoic World Period are lizards called dinosaurs.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

The mammals of the Mesozoic World Period were left small in size, the largest being the size of the present beaver or slightly larger.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Mammals ate either plants, insects, or small vertebrates.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

[10] Diet can be easily deduced from, among other things, the shape of the teeth.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Based on preserved fossil finds, it has been estimated that a large proportion of mammals from the Mesozoic World Period lived in trees.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

[10] Of the earliest animals to be classified as mammals, the Hadrocodium animal had a middle ear similar to modern mammals.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Among the first early mammals are species of Morganucodon, Megazostrodon, Adelobasileus, all of which belong to the subclass Prototheria (order Triconodonta).


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Their fossils play an important role in evolutionary research as they represent a transitional stage from reptiles to mammals.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

In appearance, they resembled current heads and their sizes do not differ much from each other.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

The earliest Morganucodon fossil finds are 205 million years old.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

They ate insects and moved around in the dark, leaving no threat from shift-heated carnivores.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

They still had, as reptilian features, the composition of the lower jaw, and apparently also laid eggs in the manner of other early mammals.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

[11] They also developed mammary glands.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

[12] The Prototheria subclass also includes the order Multituberculata, which evolved at the end of the Jurassic period and was the largest in species count of its time.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

They were the first mammals to eat plants, although their diet also included meat.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Their size varied between present-day mice and beavers, and they greatly resembled current rodents, although they were not closely related to each other.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Some of the species had adapted, in part, to climbing in trees.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

They may have evolved from reptiles separate from other mammals and survived for nearly 130 million years, but became extinct 35 million years ago.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

The developmental branches of present-day vivar (marsupials and placental mammals) mammals and beaked animals diverged from each other in the Jura period about 166 million years ago.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

[13] [14] In the Jura period, the break-up of the Pangea continent into the continents of Gondwana and Laurasia began.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

The decay knew for animal and plant species that evolutionary development would increase clearly in the future.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

In the Late Jurassic, called Crusafontia, a much squirrel-like insect-eaten tree prey with an infectious tail.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

It has been inferred from the lumbar bone that it gave birth to its young while they were still at an early stage of development, in which case it would represent the developmental branch that led to marsupials.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Based on fossil discoveries, marsupials began to evolve in Europe, from where they migrated to present-day South America.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

The developmental branches of placental mammals and marsupials diverged about 130—148 million years ago at the beginning of the Cretaceous.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

The separation of the continents into what is now the continents of Eurasia, Africa, South and North America prompted the development of new types of mammals.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

The divergence of the African and South American continents took place around 100—120 million years ago, which fits with the results of molecular studies that saw the evolution of placental mammals detached African mammals (Afrotheria) into their own branch, which are only found today in Africa.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

The South American impaired teeth (Xenarthra) and the Boreoeutheria clade formed the rest of the placental mammals of the time.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Inflatable teeth living in areas of present-day South America of Gondwana branched off from Boreoeutheria mammals about 88—100 million years ago.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Boreoeutheria dispersed 79—88 million years ago further into pre-primates Euarchontoglires and Lauraasian mammals (Laurasiatheria).


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

[15] [16] Marsupials migrated from South America via Antarctica to Australia at the end of the Cretaceous.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

The land bridge between Australia and Antarctica was not broken until the Eocene period.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

This explains why, even today, marsupials can be found in South America and Australia.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

After the dinosaurs, Dinosaurs prevented mammals from evolving into plant and carnivores, as well as day-active, as they dominated precisely these ecological compartments.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

The situation changed rapidly, however, with dinosaurs becoming extinct rapidly from the entire Earth.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

The cause was the impact of a meteorite on Earth at the end of the Cretaceous about 65 million years ago, which altered living conditions on Earth so dramatically that life chances for dinosaurs became impossible.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

The change in conditions did not have such a great impact on low-nutrition and smaller-sized mammals.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

The emptying of ecological compartments provided the mammals with the opportunity to refill these.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

The mammals thus grew larger, became accustomed to new nutrition, and began to move around during the day.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

This also meant rapid sorting.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Even after mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous period, mammals have dominated terrestrial life.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Some mammals also began adapting to non-land life, such as early bats that lived in the air and whales adapted to marine life.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

The rapid development of mammals is well illustrated by the fact that some 21 different mammal thighs have been identified from the Cretaceous period, but already in the Paleocene period the number of tribes increased to 37 and 86 at the end of the Paleocene.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

The evolution of the existing mammalian sects began in the Eocene period, the post-Paleocene epoch between 55.8 million and 33.8 million years ago, from which a total of 111 tribes are known from the period.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

[17] [18] Based on the similarity between Paleocene fossil finds in North America and Europe, it has been speculated that the sites were connected by a land bridge that ran through Greenland and Iceland, [19] but which has since been broken off.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

The mammals did not take over the released ecological compartments immediately; it took an apparently long time for this to happen.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

The reason is thought to be that plants took their own time to recover from the impact of the meteorite.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

The climate of the Cenozoic World Period was humid and warm in its early stages, favouring the development of tropical mammals.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Extensive forests began to take over the sector, affecting the evolution of mammals living in wood.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

The earliest primates were such woodanimals.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Primates evolved about 65 million years ago in North America or Europe, which were then still connected by a land bridge, or possibly as early as 20 million years earlier.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

However, the earliest, approximately 55 million years old, primate fossil has been found in North America.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

The closest relatives of primates (of those currently living) are tree-headed and kaguans.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

All three tribes share a common ancestor with rodents and their close relatives lagomorphs (Euarchontoglires).


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Evolution of whales began equally about 55 million years ago from the same progenitor with hoofed animals.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

The evolution of the whales began with the Pakicetidae carnivores that lived in Asia, which resembled hoofed dogs.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

These cetacean predecessors lived on the shores of the then Tethys Sea and the structure of the inner ear certifies them as relatives of whales, as no similar structure is found as in whales.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

The development of the Pakicetidae prewhales, on the other hand, had begun with a branch, the second part of which eventually developed into a hippo belonging to ungulates.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

The evolution of bedbugs differed from ungulates in the very early Paleocene.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Horses and tapires evolved in North Africa, while the ancestors of rhinos originated in Asia.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Vegetation was initially more favourable to bedbugs compared to ungulates, and consequently bedbugs lived quite abundant at the expense of ungulates.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

However, this is believed to have enabled ungulates to have a digestive system different from other mammals, better handling plant food.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

The situation for ungulates called ruminants became more favorable as the climate became more favourable to grasses.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Grasses are inconveniently exploitable food, so the number of species of bedbugs began to amuse and ruminants accordingly increase about 20 million years ago.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Predators (evolved about 40 million years ago) and ant cones evolved from the same progenitor with bedbugs.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Bats appeared in the late Paleocene period along with rodents and primates, but are extremely distant related to each other.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Taxonomy Phylogenetically, Mammalia is defined as descendants of the closest common stock form of beaked animals, marsupials, and placental mammals.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

This means that some extinct “mammal groups” do not belong to the Mammalia class itself, although many of them have traits defined as characteristic of mammals that would otherwise classify them as mammals.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

These “mammals” are usually classified in the class Mammaliaformes.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Previously, mammals were classified into three subclasses, which were marsupials, beaked animals and placental mammals.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

This kind of classification proved incorrect, and today mammalian scientists divide the mammal into two subclasses, which are Prototheria (“egg-laying mammals”) and Theria (“giving birth mammals”) [20] [21].


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

The only sect in the preceding subclass is the beaked animals, [22] and the latter is divided into subclasses of marsupials and placental mammals, which include all other existing mammalian sects.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

[20] The reason for this solution is that the previous classification gave the impression that marsupials would have no placenta at all.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

[23] Below the classification of mammals corresponding to the current conception.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

[20] [6] Theria — Giving Birth Mammals Appearance Skin Characteristic features of mammals are a thick skin with a coat of hair except for the ant cone, which has developed into scaly plates, as well as whales and dolphins, a few species of which have yes hair cover during the fetal period, but eventually disappears.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

[24] Thanks to thicker skin than other vertebrates, mammals manage to reduce energy loss and evaporation of water from the body.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Mammals are the only animals with sweat glands; however, sweat glands are not present in all mammals.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

[25] Like other vertebrates, the skin of a mammal consists of two layers, the epidermis and the dermis below it.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

New cells are created in the so-called basal cell layer between the epidermis and the dermis and the new skin cells push older cells upwards towards the skin surface.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

When passing towards the surface, sulfurous keratin accumulates in them and they die.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

These keratin-filled, plate-like and dead cells form the outermost part of the skin, the stratum corneum, or stratum, which is a type of skin tread.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Dead skin is constantly peeled off, for example, by flaking.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

The skin also protects the internal structures of the animal, for example, from mechanical abrasion, and is also water resistant.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

[4] In the skin there are a lot of pressure and heat-sensing nerve endings, which cause tactile sensation, but also various glands.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Of these, the most common is the sweat gland, of which there are two different types.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

The large, or so-called apocrine sweat gland, usually connects to the skin's hair bulb and produces an odorant characteristic of sweat.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

In humans and chimpanzees, sweat glands of this type are comparatively low, in humans they havemainly in the armpits and in the genital area.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Small, or eccrine, sweat glands are more dominant in the case of chimpanzee and humans and are located all over the skin.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

In other mammals, small sweat glands are less common.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Their function is to produce sweat on the surface of the skin, which, when evaporated, cools the skin.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Mammals cool themselves by other means as well, such as pounding or twisting in the mud.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Small mammals such as rodents do not have sweat glands.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

[25] The function of the sebaceous glands is to produce an oily substance called sebaceous, whose function is to keep the hairs pliable and to form a waterproof layer on the skin surface.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

A similar function is with earwax glands, which produce groans to prevent the eardrum from drying out and keep it elastic.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

The olfactory glands the animal uses either for turf marking or for other communication between individuals.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

The location of the olfactory glands varies from the head and neck area to the wrists and tail end


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

[25] Mammalian mammary glands have evolved from apocrine sweat glands or sebaceous glands.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

The function of the mammary glands is to secrete milk during the female's breastfeeding so that the newborn chicks receive nourishment.


Question: How do mammals reproduce?

Mammals

Chicks suck milk through the neck on the skin surface, namely the nipple.