Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

Among the most successful, Hanna-Barbera's Flintstones and Flintstones began on television in 1960.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

[18] New adult television series of the 1970s and 1980s from US television cartoon programmes in the 1990s had, in order to protect children, all suggestions of violence and had no previous mockery either.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

[19] However, in the late 1980s, a new generation of animators began to emerge on cable channels, restoring to animation the restraint of its early days, although not much attention was given to the quality of animation in these new series.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

Of these new, often politically incorrect and position-taking, adult-oriented series, the best known are The Simpsons, South Park, Ren and Stimpy, as well as Beavis and Butt-head.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

[20] Europe German advertising animation was daringly experimental in the 1920s.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

Oskar Fischinger became a prominent animator in Germany in the 1930s, but was forced to leave for the United States in 1936 after falling out of favour with the Nazi regime.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

[21] Adolf Hitler liked Disney's cartoon films, and Joseph Goebbels founded the German animation industry in 1940.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

[22] After the war in the GDR, animation received government support, and there was production, for example, of the Sleeper series (1959—).


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

[23] West Germany's best-known animated series was Nikke Knatterton (1978).


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

[24] Some of Britain's best-known animated films have been, for example, Animal Revolution (1954), Yellow Submarine (1968), and the Wallace and Gromit wax animations produced by Aardman (1989—).


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

[25] In France, Paul Grimault was one of the country's best-known makers of animated films in the 1940s.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

[26] After him, the most important French-language animations were produced in Belgium, most famously the stories adapted from the cartoons of Tintin, Asterix and Strumffs.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

[27] An original, soft way of describing movement was developed in the Soviet Union, which became the hallmark of the country's animation.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

In the early decades, the task of animation was to produce material to construct communism.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

Later, much rotoscoping began to be used in the country.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

Drawn-like animation began to take off in the country in the 1960s.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

One of the country's most respected animation makers was Yuri Norstein beginning in the late 1960s.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

[28] One of the most famous and internationally acclaimed animators in Czechoslovakia was puppet animator Jiří Trnka (1912—1969).


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

[29] The best known of children's animations is Zdeněk Miler's Mole (1956—).


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

[30] Finnish Animation has been done in Finland on a rather small scale, and there have always been few creators.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

The main employer of animators has been television and especially the children's programme Pikku Kakkonen, which has featured short pieces of animation by Camilla Mickwitz and Heikki Partanen, among others.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

Animation pioneer in Finland was Ola Fogelberg, creator of Pekka Puupää.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

Fogelberg made a five-minute Woodhead drawing film in the 1920s, which, however, reportedly has not survived for posterity.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

The opening credits of the film The Flying Fishcock, which came out in 1953, were presented as animation in which a cardboard train with a fish on top and tail moved forward, with the performers' names taking turns in carriages.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

The heyday of animation in Finland was the 1970s, when piece animation became the most popular animation technique.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

Riitta Nelimarkka, together with Jaakko Seeck, made several longer animated films in the 1970s, including Seven Brothers, a 1979 graduate.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

Heikki Prepula has been doing piecemeal animation since the late 1960s, including Kössi Kangaroo.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

Celluloid animation in Finland has been done by Jan-Eric Nyström, known as a trickster photographer.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

His best-known animated film is the 1974 graduate Kidnapping.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

The pioneer of computer animation in Finland was Tööt-Filmi Oy, whose most famous animated films produced is the 1982 graduate Mennen Manner.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

The best known of Finnish puppet animation makers is Katariina Lillqvist, whose animation Girl and Private (1996) was awarded at the Tampere Short Film Festival.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

Lumifilm Oy has produced puppet animation series Turilas and Jajat (2001) and Urpo and Turpo (1996—1997).


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

Since the 1990s, Finnish animation has experienced a new boom, due to both the growth of educational offerings in the field and the development of various computer-aided animation programs.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

In 2001, the computer-animated Self satire series began, and in 2006 the first full-length computer-animated film The Emperor's Secret was completed by the creators of the series.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

Rölli's heart, completed in 2007, is partly a full-evening cartoon made by Finns.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

In 2008, the film Niko — The Pilot's Son was released as a Finnish-Danish-Irish-German collaboration, which also became the most widely distributed Finnish film ever, as its marketing rights have already been sold to over 100 countries.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

Japan After World War II, Japanese animation, anime, began to develop strongly.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

Osamu Tezuka gave guidelines for the anime with his work.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

Japan has become an animation superpower, and more animation is produced there than anywhere else.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

Globally known anime films include Akira, Ghost in the Shell — ghost voice and Hidden by the Spirits.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

Computer Animation Thumbnail Image|293x293px|Short Animation Computer animation originated in 1967 when US artists Charles Csuri and James Shaffer released their ten-minute Hummingbird animation.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

After that, short animations began to be made in other countries.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

In 1982, Disney released a science fiction film using computer graphics, Tron, which had been in the making for seven years.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

[31] The Pixar animation studio released the first fully computer-made full-length animated feature film Toy Story — Toy Life in 1995.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

[32] Use in drama films Animation and drama film have often been combined.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

The monkey episodes of King Kong (1933) had been executed with animation.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

[33] Who set the trap, Roger Rabbit?


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

In the (1988) film, classic animation heroes move alive among humans.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

[34] One form of presentation is the initial text animations of long drama films.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

Often in animations, caricature characters of the protagonists or anything remotely related to the subject are shown in the context of the opening credits.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

For example, City Cowboys used this.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

Animation can also be actually unrelated to the subject, as in the Pink Panther series, whose spin-off created a cartoon series around a cat character.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

Animation techniques There are many types of animation techniques and can also be combined.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

[35] Drawing animation is animation drawn from image, usually attached to background painting.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

Today, drawing animation is often done on a computer, whereby pure-drawn images are scanned into an image editing program where they are coloured and compiled into a series of images.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

Before computers, drawing animations were made on celluloid films, with outlines drawn on one side and colour surfaces painted on the other side.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

The drawing animator first draws the main images, i.e. drawings relevant to movement, and then intermediate images are drawn between them.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

In cartoon animations, the same series of images, that is, cycles, are used quite often, as it saves time.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

[36] Stop motion animation is any animation that is shot screen by screen.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

[37] In puppet animation and wax animation, puppets or wax characters are constructed, which are then depicted in miniature model-like sets.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

[38] In piecemeal animation, characters are formed from pieces of paper or similar material, which are moved on a shooting table and depicted from above.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

Piece animation is relatively quick and cheap to make.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

[39] The object animation involves moving objects and depicting them screen by screen.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

[40] Pixillation animation is filmed by human actors used in the same manner as in puppet animation.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

[41] 3D animation uses 3D computer software, where with modeled characters, animation is implemented.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

The computer calculates the motion sequences of the animation, lighting, camera movements and textures.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

[42] Animation expression Character creation, or characterisation, defines everything characteristic of a character, such as how the character in animation looks, how he moves and voices, and also who he is.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

Animated characters are often exaggerated in many ways but at the same time visually reduced.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

[43] Also, the characters' movements are often exaggerated in an established way.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

Anticipation is a counter-movement preceding actual movement, for example when a character stretches backwards before launching into a run.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

Even in the real world, elongation, flattening, acceleration and deceleration, as well as primary and secondary motion (with strong movement causing smaller movements) must be carefully represented in animation.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

Pauses and rhythm are also important, because without them the animation becomes restless.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

You can also create completely new conditions in the world of animated cinema, such as elastic objects and walls to run through.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

[44] The sounds of an animated film are usually completed prior to the actual animation.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

In the expression of an animated film, music often plays an important part.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

Sound and music can be used not only as a natural background, but also to anticipate future events.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

[45] Calculating the timing of movements is essential, especially in animation.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

In full animation, the characters move at a maximum rate of 12 frames per second, with each movement being shot twice, as the film rotates at 24 frames per second.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

With less number of images, the movement becomes jerky.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

[46] Animation Studios Aardman Animation Cartoon Network Studios DreamWorks SKG Filmation Film Roman Hanna-Barbera Nickelodeon Animation Studios Pixar Studio Ghibli Se-Ma-For Soyuzmultfilm Walt Disney Television Animation Warner Bros.


Question: Who created the Beavis & Butthead animated characters? _

Animation

Animation Animation Programs Pivot Stickfigure Animator EasyToon FrozenMator (created by Frozensolid/Frozenball) Scratch Anime studio See also List of animated films Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Eskelinen, Herkko| title = Animation| publisher = Ilias| year = 2008| id = ISBN 978-952-5679-25-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Gartz, Juho| title = Animated Film| location = Helsinki| publisher = Finnish Film Foundation| year = 1978| id = ISBN 951-9349-08-1}} Citation error, replace with {{ cite book| author = Lehtinen, Jari| title = Animation history| location = Helsinki| publisher = Finn Lectura| year = 2013| id = ISBN 978-951-792-572-3}} References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Leinonen, Tuula| title = 100 years Finnish animation| location = Helsinki| publisher = Aalto University School of Arts, Design and Architecture| year = 2014| id = ISBN 978-952-60-5183-3}} . * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

Vorkuta (,) is a mining town in the coal fields of northern Russia in the permafrost zone of the Komi Republic, 160 kilometers north of the northern Arctic Circle.


Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

[1] It is located in the northeasternmost corner of Europe by the Usa branch of the Pešora River to the west of the northern end of the Ural Mountains.


Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

The Arctic Ocean lies less than 200 miles away in the northeast.


Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

In the west and north, Vorkuta borders the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, on the east by Tyumen Oblast, on the south and southwest by Inta.


Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

[2] The distance to Syktyvkar is 904 kilometres [1], 1030 kilometers by rail.


Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

There is no decent year-round road connection from the capital of the republic.


Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

[2] In general, Vorkuta is especially known for the prison camp that existed there in Soviet times.


Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

Population of Vorkuta Urban District, established in 2005, covers an area of 24200 square kilometers.


Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

In addition to the town, it includes 8 built-up areas and 7 villages.


Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

It has 69000 inhabitants and 110600 inhabitants in the urban district (in 2010).


Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

[3] According to the 2002 census, 71.6% of the inhabitants are Russians, 10.8% are Ukrainians, 3.6% are Tatars and 2.1% are Belarusians.


Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

Over the last few decades, the population of the city has declined sharply (in 1990, 217,000 people lived in the urban district).


Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

[4] With the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the inhabitants of the northern mining towns were more easily able to move elsewhere than before.


Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

History Coal mines maintained by forced labour were established 1930—1931 [2] and 1932 Vorkuta Forced Labor Camp had its start.


Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

It was one of the largest camps (gulag) in the Soviet Union.


Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

There were three larger forced labour camps in or near Vorkuta, as well as at least one smaller one.


Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

More than ten other forced labour camps operated in Inta and elsewhere in the Komi region.


Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

[5] Soviet leader Stalin made the Vorkuta region a major prison camp as early as the 1930s.


Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

The Vorkutinski ITL labour camp, which concentrated on mining and construction work alone, was recorded to have a maximum of 72 thousand prisoners.


Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

[6] The importance of the region increased considerably during World War II when, starting in 1934, forced labourers built a railway through Komi thus connecting Vorkuta in the middle of the tundra with the rest of the world.


Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

A forced labour camp of up to 102,000 prisoners (Severo-Petšorski ITL) built much of the northwestern section of the Komi permeable railway.


Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

[7] By rail, other concentration camps in the nearby area were connected to it, and Vorkuta became a city in 1943.


Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

Thereafter, it was the main gulag in the European-side Soviet Union and the administrative centre of forced labour camps in the Petšora region.


Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

At the end of the war, the Soviet Union tightened its grip on the Baltic states it conquered, for example.


Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

Scores of people were forcibly displaced 1945—1949 to Siberia and northern Russia thousands of miles from their home.


Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

For example, Jaan Kross, a later famous writer, ended up in the Vorkuta region.


Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

Conditions in the prison camps were terrible, and temperatures in winter could drop to —60 degrees Celsius.


Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

In 1953, at one camp, prisoners rose up in a revolt bloodily suppressed by the NKVD and the Red Army.


Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

However, when Stalin died in the same year and power in Moscow passed to his followers, the archipelago of prison camps was slowly pruned and prisoners released.


Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

Estonians were able to return from Vorkuta to their homeland in 1954—1956 and by the time of entering the 1960s most prison camps in Vorkuta had been closed.


Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

Admittedly, it seems that certain prisoners were still held there even when they entered the 1980s.


Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

After the prison camp period, Vorkuta became a fairly ordinary tundra mining town with over 200000 inhabitants at best.


Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

The most famous born in the city today is Andrei Sokolov, a chess master representing France.


Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

The mining industry in Vorkuta began to wane as the Soviet Union disintegrated, mainly because of the costness of the operation.


Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

Miners have often gone on strike since then over unpaid wages.


Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

Transport on Vorkuta's road network is local, it has no connection, for example, to the capital of the republic or to the east of the Urals.


Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

[2] From the far south-west, the 1,700 kilometres long railway line leading from Kotlas in the Arkhangelsk region, once built largely by forced labourers, is the city's key to the outside world.


Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

An offshoot of the line leaves the southwestern side of the city of Vorkuta also behind the Urals to Yamal Nenetsian Labytnang on the western bank of the Ob River.


Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

[8] Additional connections are also brought by the airport of the city of Vorkuta, from where you can fly on state-subsidized flights not only intra-republic flights, Mi-8 chopper, but also to smaller localities.


Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

[9] Business and cultural life The city is the centre of a significant coal mining region.


Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

A branch point of the St. Petersburg Mining Institute operates there.


Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

Among other things, there are machinery companies, a cement factory and a building materials production facility in the city.


Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

High culture is offered by a theatre, a puppet show and a history museum.


Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

[1] Literature Jukka Rislakki: Vorkuta!


Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

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Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

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Question: What is the population of Vorkuta?

Vorkuta

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Question: How big is New York State?

New York

New York or New York City, officially called the City of New York, is a city located in the U.S. state of New York.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

[1] An estimated 8622698 people lived in the town in 2017.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

New York is the most heavily populated and second most densely populated city in the United States.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

[2] There are 23876155 inhabitants in the Metropolitan Area.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

[3] New York is one of the world's most important economic [4] and cultural centres and, according to the Globalization and World Cities Study Group, one of the four most important world cities in the world, along with Tokyo, Paris and London.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

The city is also the seat of the UN [5] and many other international organizations.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

Geography Location New York City is located on the northeast coast of the United States at the mouth of the Hudson River.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

The city is built mostly on three islands, which are Manhattan, Staten Island, and western Long Island.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

The town has a total area of 1214.4km2, of which 785.6km2 is land and 428.8km2 is water.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

Water accounts for 35.31%.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

Of the neighborhoods, only the Bronx is on the North American continent


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

On the west side of Manhattan Island flows the Hudson and on the east side the East River.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

[6] Located in the heart of a New York metropolitan area of 23 million [7] inhabitants, the city is one of the largest urban concentrations in the world.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

The New York Metropolitan Area also includes areas on the side of the states of New Jersey and Connecticut, as well as an area consisting of Nassau and Suffolk counties on Long Island, or “Nassau-Suffolk”, which is considered by some calculations to be an independent city of million.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

Soils in the granitic bedrock of New York City are 100 million years old, but the current topography has arisen for the most part during the late glacial period about 10000 years ago.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

Still reminiscent of the retreat of continental ice are large boulders in Manhattan's Central Park, deep sups in Brooklyn and Queens, and glacier-piled moraine formations.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

The retreat of the ice also furrowed the waters surrounding the city.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

The Hudson and East River are actually Atlantic Ocean estuaries, with tides rising along the Hudson as far north as Troy.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

New York's shoreline is constantly changing as the sea consumes land from one place and piling it up somewhere else.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

Although the harbour is dredged regularly, shipping lanes are constantly filled with silt brought by rivers and are too shallow for modern deep-water vessels.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

South of rocky Manhattan is a sheltered, deep anchorage with easy access to the ocean.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

[8] The southern tip and central part of Manhattan are granite, and the tallest buildings are concentrated in these areas.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

In the Greenwich Village and Chelsea areas, the soil is softer and the building stock is shallower.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

Brooklyn was once a swamp area, with Queens again a farming area until the 18th century.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

[6] More than 90 valuable rock species and 170 different minerals have been found in New York City bedrock.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

[8] Nature The New York ecosystem has undergone large and rapid changes due to human settlement.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

The most common animals are the cockroach and smallrat, which have come to the city from Europe along trade routes.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

Yet 80 species of fish have still been met in the city, dozens of species of birds from peregrine falcons to pigeons and mammals, including raccoons and coyotes.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

Jamaica Bay on Long Island, Clove Lakes Park on Staten Island, and Alley Pond Park in Queens are nature islets that provide refuge for many species.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

Vegetation has diminished and suffered as the city expands, and existing urban plants need to withstand acid rain, ozone and air pollution.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

The city has two botanical gardens, in the Bronx and Brooklyn, and several zoos.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

[9] Climate New York City rains slightly less frequently on average than every three days, least in September—October when it rains about every five days.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

[10] The heat islet caused by the city is most strongly felt on summer nights, when the city is 2—4 degrees warmer than the surrounding countryside.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

[11] The coldest month is January with an average lowest temperature of -4°C, with the hottest being July and August with an average highest of 28 degrees Celsius.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

[10] The coldest ever recorded was -26°C, which was measured in February 1934.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

The heat record dates back to 1936, 41 degrees.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

[12] Cityscape and attractions New York is especially known for its tall skyscrapers, [13] and there are more of them in New York than any other city in the world.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

Although the origins of the modern skyscraper are disputed, according to public perception, it was in Manhattan that a type of building emerged, combining a steel frame and an elevator so that tall buildings became usable.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

The word “skyscraper” () itself was introduced in the 1880s to describe this New Yorker phenomenon.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

[14] Skyscrapers have been built in abundance for residential and office use due to the high land price and population density.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

However, the city has a lot of well-known buildings that represent different architectural trends.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

The Woolworth Building (1913) was made in the Neo-Gothic style, [15] and the Chrysler Building (1930) and Empire State Building (1931), completed in the early 1930s, again represent art deco.


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New York

[16] Newer architecture is represented by the Seagram Building (1957) and the Condé Nast Building (2000).


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New York

Along with skyscrapers, New York City also has many notable suspension bridges that mainly connect Manhattan to surrounding neighborhoods.


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New York

Standing out as the most iconic of New York City's bridges is the Brooklyn Bridge, which was once the longest bridge in the world.


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New York

[17] Also completed in 1964, connecting Brooklyn and Staten Island, the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge was the longest suspension bridge in the world when completed.


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New York

[18] New York City is visited by approximately 47 million tourists each year.


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New York

[19] Popular tourist spots include the Empire State Building, the Statue of Liberty, Ellis Island, Rockefeller Center, Times Square, theatrical productions on Broadway, and numerous museums such as MoMA, namely the Museum of Modern Art or the Metropolitan Museum of Art.


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New York

Famous parks include Central Park, Washington Square Park, the New York Botanical Garden, and the Bronx Zoo.


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New York

[20] Fifth Avenue and Madison Avenue are well-known shopping streets.


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New York

[21] Areas of New York are divided into five administrative districts, each of which is the size of a major city in terms of population.


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Population estimates are for 2007: Manhattan — New York County, 1620867 [22] inhabitants.


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Manhattan is the most densely populated borough.


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New York

Bronx — Bronx County, 1373659 [22] inhabitants.


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New York

The Bronx is the northern part of the city, and the only borough located on the mainland.


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Brooklyn — Kings County, 2528050 [22] inhabitants.


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Brooklyn is the most populous borough in the city.


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New York

Queens — Queens County, 2270338 [22] inhabitants.


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Queens is the largest borough in terms of area.


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[23] Staten Island — Richmond County, 481613 [22] inhabitants.


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New York

History Early history and the advent of Europeans The original inhabitants of the New York area include the Lenape Indians.


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They were hunter-gatherers, but also engaged in farming and cultivated maize as well as tobacco.


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By the time the Europeans arrived there were about 20,000, but much of them were soon wiped out by diseases from Europe.


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[24] Dutch settlers founded the Nieuw Amsterdam () on the southern part of Manhattan Island in 1626.


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[25] The town was recaptured by the English in 1664 without a fight, and it was named New York after the Duke of York.


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New York

After the Second Anglo-Dutch War, in 1667, the Netherlands ceded New York to the English and in return received the Colony of Suriname.


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New York

[26] Time of British rule Nature has bestowed on New York City possibly the best port on the Atlantic shores, which greatly increased the importance of the city in the 18th century as New England settlements prospered with commerce.


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Among the Yankee residents of Dutch and English origin in New England, there were excellent seafarers.


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New York

Typically, triangle trading was traded.


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Apart from legitimate trading, New England Yankee sailors did not shy away from engaging in even more morally dubious ventures.


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New York

The most lucrative and least respectable of the triangular routes was the “slave triangle”, for whose traffic the mass production of agricultural products in the southern colonies meant much.


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New York

[27] The Yankees were ready for outright piracy.


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New York

The Peace of Utrecht of 1713 deprived captains of the legal right to plunder England's enemies, but in practice it meant only merchant ships of all countries falling prey.


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[28] New York was the refuge of leading pirate chiefs and the port most favored by their crews.


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New York merchants liked the inexpensive merchandise brought by pirates, as well as their generous spending of money.


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By the stages of 1700, Captain William Kidd and his men regarded New York as their meeting place.


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A short time later, the governor of the colony demanded a ship from the London Admiralty that would be fast enough to destroy the pirates.


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Nothing happened for a few dozen years, however, and those in the regular trade preferred Boston, where the order and stability of a decent Quaker city prevailed.


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New York

As recently as 1770, New York was only the fourth most significant port of the colonies, after Philadelphia, Boston and Charleston, which was also affected by the slowness of economic development in the Hudson and Mohawk River Valley.


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[29] In the American War of Independence, New York was taken over by the British, and it did not become vacant until 1783 after the British backed down.


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[30] In the 19th and 20th centuries, New York was an important port of entry for emigrants from Europe in the 19th and 20th centuries.


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[31] Organised crime with an Italian background gained a firm grip on the city during Prohibition in the 1920s.


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New York

[32] After World War II, the city was mired in economic difficulties and New York City decayed as the population moved to the suburbs and the decline of industry.


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New York suffered severe race riots in the 1960s, and in the 1970s it gained a reputation as a hive of crime.


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New York

As a bottom-line in 1975, the city came close to devolving into bankruptcy.


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New York

[33] Wall Street and New York City again became the center of the international financial industry and banking industry in the 1980s.


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People and emigrants who embraced a cosmopolitan lifestyle moved into the city.


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The 1990s saw a significant drop in crime due to a zero-tolerance policy introduced by Mayor Rudolph Giuliani (1994—2001) and an increase in police forces.


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[34] 2000s In 2001, in the September 11 attacks, terrorists struck two passenger airliners into the twin towers of the World Trade Center and destroyed the buildings.


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[35] More than 2,700 people were killed in the attack.


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[35] A new World Trade Center is under construction on the site of the destroyed buildings, with One World Trade Center as its most famous and tallest building.


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[36] Hurricane Sandy caused over $15 billion in devastation in the city in 2012.


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[37] It halted both air and rail traffic.


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[38] Residents in some places were forced to be without electricity for up to two weeks.


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[39] Governance Throughout history, there have been two tensions in New York governance: on the one hand, the struggle with the state over the self-government of the city and, on the other, the attempt by the city's subdivisions to decentralize government.


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[40] The City of New York is governed by a mayor and a city council ().


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[41] The current mayor of the city is Democrat Bill de Blasio.


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[42] The mayor elects the heads of city institutions () and criminal justice judges () and prepares an annual budget.


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New York

The mayor has considerable power, but he constantly faces a struggle over it with the city council.


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The mayor and city councillors are elected by universal suffrage once every four years, for a maximum of three terms.


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Since La Guardia's time in the 1930s, mayors have generally also been leaders of their own party and have had more power than other party leaders.


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[40] The council approves the city budget, oversees the activities of city agencies, institutions and officials, decides on land use, and issues regulations on a variety of other matters.


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Such have included restrictions on smoking in public areas, restrictions on assault weapons, waste recycling and election funding.


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[41] The City Council consists of 51 members elected from 51 electoral districts: there are 8 electoral districts in the Bronx, 16 in Brooklyn, 10 in Manhattan, 15 in Queens, and three in Staten Island.


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In 2012, there were five Republicans and 46 Democratic Party representatives on the council.


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[43] New York City's administrative structure took shape when the current boroughs were merged in January 1898.


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After referendums, Manhattan was annexed by the independent city of Brooklyn, the Bronx that included Westchester County, Staten Island, and the vast majority of Queens County.


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These five boroughs, which were soon also made counties of New York State, formed the basic units of territorial government.


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The post of Chairman () was established for each borough.


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From 1901 to 1990, the presidents of the boroughs were members of the New York Economic Board (), which was responsible for the city budget.


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Today, presidents act as intermediaries between the borough and the mayor, appointing members to the Local Boards (), the Town Planning Committee (), and the Board of Education ().


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They face a lot of pressure that comes from an ongoing struggle between mayors pushing for a strong central government and local leaders seeking independence.


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[44] With the exception of Staten Island, every borough of New York City would, as an independent, be among the largest cities in the United States.


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Borough representatives constantly complain that their concerns are ignored, and many believe that local benefit is sacrificed for the benefit of New York County, or Manhattan.


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This view led Staten Island to explore in the 1990s the possibilities of seceding from New York City and becoming an independent city.


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New York

[44] Economy New York has been able to prosper economically and maintain its position, although it has had to go through a lot of changes.


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The city's strength lies in its versatility.


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New York

[45] New York was in an economic trough in the 1970s.


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New York

As recently as the 1950s, there had been more than one million manufacturing jobs in the city, but between 1960 and 1975 more than 600,000 of them disappeared.


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New York

The old economy collapsed and the city became practically bankrupt.


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New York

High rent levels, crowding, arson and crime drove businesses and the middle class out of the city.


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New York

To address the crisis, industrial parks were established in New York City, where businesses were offered cheaper rents, better services and a safe environment, and tax breaks were promised to businesses remaining in the city.


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New York

Even the exchange threatened to leave, but in the 1990s it decided to stay in Manhattan and build new premises.


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New York

Banking and financial services became the new engine of development, along with traditional book printing and marketing industries.


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New York

[45] Changes were also made at the port.


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Harbor pools were widened to accommodate container ships and thoroughfares dredged deeper, and a direct rail link was planned between Manhattan and Brooklyn.


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New York

The old piers were demolished or put into other use, such as recreational areas.


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Although the port has lost some percent of its traffic, it is still the busiest on the east coast of North America.


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It has billions of dollars in revenue and provides thousands of jobs.


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New York

The manufacturing sector has been losing ground, but New York still has a lead in the ready-to-wear industry and in manufacturing specialty items such as ties, handbags and leather goods.


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[45] A substantial portion of the information technology industry in the United States is based in New York.


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The city's economic superiority was evident in the 1990s, when the Dow Jones index quadrupled and profits soared to highs on the New York Stock Exchange.


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New York banks managed both Latin America's debt crisis in the 1980s and Asia's financial collapse at the end of the 1990s, when it became the “capital of the world's economy.”


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Despite all the changes, the New York metropolitan area still maintains its domicile with more than a fifth of the companies on the Fortune 500 list.


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[45] New York City has been one of the most prominent business centres in the world, along with London.


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[46] [47] Asian cities such as Hong Kong have been projected to take their place in the coming years.


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[48] The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is the largest securities exchange in the world as measured by the aggregate market value of shares.


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[49] As measured by the daily number of share trades, the world's largest exchange is the NASDAQ.


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[50] The exchange is located on Wall Street in the center of the Financial District, the financial hub of Manhattan.


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[51] The city's largest employers are on the side of the public sector: the city itself employs almost 150000 people.


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Other majors include the school agency, the Department of Transportation, or MTA, federal government, and public health care.


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[52] In 2012, most of the city's largest private employers were active in the health care, banking or retail sectors.


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The top five were North Shore-LIJ Health System, Walmart, JP Morgan Chase, Wegmans Food Markets and Verizon.


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[53] Transportation New York has three main airports through which millions of passengers pass per year: John F. Kennedy International Airport, LaGuardia Airport, and Newark International Airport.


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[54] Finnair flies daily to New York from Finland.


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A total of 2.63 billion trips are made on public transportation in the New York region each year — one-third of all public transit trips in the United States.


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[55] The New York City Subway opened in 1904.


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[56] The Staten Island Ferry is also part of the city's public transit system.


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[57] New York City has two main train stations, Grand Central Terminal in the eastern part of Midtown and Penn Station in the western part of Midtown.


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Grand Central Terminal is used by local trains of the Metro-North Commuter Railroad and Penn Station by local trains of the Long Island Rail Road and New Jersey Transit, as well as Amtrak's long-distance trains.


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In addition, several subway and bus lines pass through both stations.


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[58] Grand Central Terminal is the largest railway station in the world by number of station platforms, while Penn Station is the busiest railway station in North America in terms of passenger volume.


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[59] [60] Six notable bridges have been built in the early 20th century: the Madison Avenue Bridge, Pelham Bay Bridge, Borden Avenue Bridge, Manhattan Bridge, University Heights Bridge, and Queensboro Bridge.


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[61] Much of Manhattan's streets are named by numbers.


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Most east-west directions are named Street (e.g., 42nd Street), and north-south orientations are called Avenue (e.g. Third Avenue).


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New York

[62] Port operations in New York and New Jersey are managed by a joint corporation, two of whose seven terminals are located in the New York City area: Brooklyn Marine Terminal and Howland Hook Marine Terminal on the north shore of Staten Island.


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New York

[63] Population The demographics of New York City have changed continuously throughout its history.


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New York

Increasingly new populations have taken turns adapting to the city for better or worse, criticizing the crowds of people who have come there after them.


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Already in 1643, 18 languages were spoken in the town.


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In the Revolutionary War, both Dutch and English merchant lineages fought for independence, and when perhaps a fifth of the town's inhabitants were slaves in 1776, many of them won freedom for themselves.


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New York

[64] The proportion of Irish people began to increase in the early 19th century.


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In 1844, the town had 15 Roman Catholic congregations with 80,000 Irish members, and New York was becoming distinctly Irish even before the Great Famine caused migration from 1845 to 1849.


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There were also over 24,000 Germans living in Manhattan, and the number grew rapidly after the revolutionary attempts of the 1840s.


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New York

By the time of the American Civil War, more than half the city's residents had been born overseas


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[64] The arrival of new colonists from Eastern and Southern Europe after 1880 changed New York City again as Italians, Greeks, Russians, Hungarians and Poles flooded the city.


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A new emigrant reception center was built on Ellis Island in 1892, through which about 12000 people per day arrived in the United States.


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New York

Around 1900, the Lower East Side's population density was among the highest in world history.


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The New York Times wrote that “purity is unknown to these people,” and the police commissioner lashed out at the nation in 1909 by claiming that half of the city's crimes were committed by Russian Jews.


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However, the city was so fragmented that every major group remained a minority, and so tolerating “others” became a virtue in New York.


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[64] In the early 20th century, many African-Americans also migrated to New York City, fleeing the restrictions of rural Southern United States.


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New York

They settled mostly in Harlem, where lived in 1930 already more than 200,000 African-Americans.


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Growing ethnic and economic hostility drove whites to move out, and only East Harlem remained largely populated by Italians.


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New York

[64] At the end of the 20th century, about 200 different nationalities were represented in the population of New York City.


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New York

The fastest-growing demographic group are Asians, whose proportion rose to more than a tenth of the population by the end of the 1990s.


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New York

The largest number of immigrants came from the Dominican Republic, Russia and China.


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New York

[64] The influx of Dominicans, Cubans, Colombians and Mexicans has changed New York's demographics abruptly in one generation.


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New York

In the 1990s, the number of Latinos increased by about 400 thousand and bilingualism became a reality.


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New York

New York City is home to about 2.2 million Latinos and they are the single largest demographic group.


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New York

An estimated fifth of city dwellers speak Spanish as their home language.


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New York

[64] In the 2010 Census, 44% were white from their ethnic group, 25.5% were black and 12.7% were Asian.


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New York

A total of 28.6% reported being Latino (), meaning of Spanish or Hispanic descent.


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[65] Compared to the population of the United States as a whole, therefore, New York has fewer whites and more other populations.


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New York

[66] In the 2000 census, 72% spoke plain English.


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Of the other languages, Spanish was by far the largest (13.6%), followed by Chinese (2.1%), Italian (1.7%) and Russian (1.2%).


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New York

[67] In 2015, according to a study published by the New York City Health Department, five percent of New Yorkers suffer from depression, substance abuse, suicidal thoughts, or similar mental health problems.


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New York

It is a mental health crisis that is constricting the city socially and economically.


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New York

Eight per cent of city residents suffer from depression and eight per cent of those who have gone to city schools have attempted suicide.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

[68] Development of the number of inhabitants year1750220001790494001800792001810119700182015210018302423001840391100185069610018601174800187014781001880191170018902507400 Annual Residents1900343720019104766900192056200001930693040019407455000195078920001960778200019707894900198070716001990732260080080002010 [65] 8175133 Religion According to a 2014 study Catholics are 33% of urban residents, Protestants 23%, 8 per cent, Muslims 3 per cent, Hindus 3 per cent, Buddhists 1 per cent, Orthodox 1 per cent, Jehovah's Witnesses 1 per cent, other religions 2 per cent and non-religious 24 per cent of the population.


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New York

[69] The largest Protestant denominations in New York City include the Methodist Church and Baptist churches [70].


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New York

St. Patrick's Cathedral is the episcopal seat of the Catholic Archdiocese of New York and one of the central locations of Catholic life in the United States.


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[71] The Temple of Emanu-El is the largest synagogue in the world, it seats more than 2500 people, which is more than St. Patrick's Cathedral.


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New York

[72] Crime Organized crime has long had active activity in New York City.


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New York

The first organized criminal organization in the city was the 40 Thieves, founded in the 1820s.


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New York

There were already more than 200 “wars” between gangs in New York City in the 1850s.


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At the time, gangs used fist irons, for example, as weapons.


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Gangs of that time included such as the Daybreak Boys, Swamp Angels and Fourth Avenue Tunnel Gang.


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New York

[73] In the 21st century, mafias as well as youth gangs such as Bloods, Crips, Latin Kings and MS-13 have intensified in the city.


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New York

[74] [75] In the 1990s, New York's crime rate plummeted to less than half of what it used to be, according to police statistics and victim surveys.


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New York

[76] In 2009, New York's murder rates had dropped to their lowest in more than 40 years, and New York had become the safest major city in the United States, according to the FBI.


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New York

[77] Services Education Public elementary and secondary education in New York City has approximately 1.1 million students [78].


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

Basic public education, however, has been in crisis for a long time in New York.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

Beginning in the 1960s, school administration became politicized and corruption spread while teacher prestige and wage levels decreased.


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New York

The special needs of ethnic minorities were ignored, racial segregation increased, and violence became widespread.


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New York

At the same time, learning outcomes deteriorated and the number of school leavers increased.


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New York

The lengthy decadence of the public school system has benefited schools run by churches and private, even though tuition has increased considerably.


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New York

[79] Many public high schools in New York City have retained their good reputations, however, including Stuyvestant, who prepares for college, Bronx Science and Brooklyn Tech, and LaGuardia, who specialize in natural sciences and engineering, and LaGuardia in music and theatre.


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The education system also offers evening schools for adults and hands-on courses for a wide range of immigrants.


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[79] New York is one of the most important university cities in the United States.


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There are more than 80 colleges in the metropolitan area, from the Ivy League to public colleges.


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Throughout the United States, prestigious ones include Columbia University (founded 1754), New York University (1831), Fordham University (1841), Cooper Union (1859), and Rockefeller University (1901).


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New York

The huge public City University of New York (City University of New York, CUNY) has more than 20 units and has its roots in City College dating back to 1847.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

[79] Healthcare The New York City Health Agency was established in the 19th century, and its first tasks included improving drinking water quality and organizing milk inspections.


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New York

At that time, the main causes of death were tuberculosis and pneumonia.


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New York

Throughout the 20th century, there was a fight against the spread of typhoid fever, and vaccination campaigns against polio and smallpox were organized.


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New York

In the 1950s, heart disease emerged as the main cause of death and in the 2000s cancer, diabetes and influenza came alongside them.


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New York

[80] Today, the agency has more than 6000 employees and has a budget of $1.5 billion.


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New York

Challenges in recent decades have included the 1980s AIDS epidemic and subsequent prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis, the spread of West Nile virus, which is part of arboviruses, to the city in 1999, and the threat of SARS and bird flu in the 21st century.


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[81] There are a total of 148 hospitals in the New York metropolitan area.


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New York

[82] Energy and water supply to New York City is produced drinking water from reservoirs, some of which are located inland up to 200 miles away in other parts of New York State.


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New York

Drinking water is of good quality.


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New York

[83] New York produces 4.9 billion gallons of wastewater per day.


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New York

In 2011, a plan to use silt separated from sewage for methane production was announced.


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New York

[84] In New York, electricity is produced using oil and gas.


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New York

Other parts of the state also have nuclear power, hydroelectric and wind power, as well as other renewable energy sources.


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New York

[85] Culture New York's cultural appeal is strong.


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New York

For more than a century, talented but still unknown artists and ambitious aspirants of fame around the world have applied to the city they have known as their spiritual home.


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New York

In any field of the arts, New York is a place you have to go to see if you can succeed.


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New York

No other environment offers a tougher challenge.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

[86] New York replaced Boston as the center of culture in the United States as early as the middle of the 19th century, when its press and artistic freedom attracted dissent.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

Greenwich Village became a refuge for the non-assimilated before World War I.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

Modern sculpture, beat poetry and abstract expressionism are just three examples of 20th-century art trends that originated in Greenwich Village.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

[64] Fine Arts New York is the leading art city in the United States.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

It is an international centre for contemporary art and the city has received some grant for art from the state, but usually by collecting donations from various companies [87].


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

Art is heavily present in all parts of New York City and art appreciated.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

Each year, an art fair focusing on contemporary art is held in the city, the most relevant in the United States since the similar fair in Miami, as it was attended by 154 art galleries and 340 other exhibitors in 2006.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

[88] In the 19th century, Manhattan was influenced by the Hudson River school of painters, and the Tenth Street Studio was built in Greenwich Village.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

In the 1930s, Jackson Pollock moved from the West to New York City, created Abstract Expressionism and changed the direction of modern art.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

[86] Graffiti, born in Philadelph, developed its own forms in New York [89] and graffiti artists such as Keith Haring rose from the streets to galleries.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

[90] Music in the western parts of the Bronx emerged hip hop [91], the city's underground clubs emerged disco [92], and emigrants from Latin America combined the rhythms of their countries in the 1960s and developed salsa [93].


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

Jazz flourished in Harlem, whose best-known performance venues were the Apollo Theatre and the Cotton Club [94], and the borough of Greenwich Village was a hub for folk music in the 1960s [95].


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

Performing Arts The performing arts are ever-present in New York City.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

Their spectrum ranges from prohibitively expensive fashion shows to free amateur shows and are enjoyed by audiences of all kinds.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

[96] Broadway (theatre) has been the main theatrical centre in the United States since the 1890s, the Great White Way.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

In New York, serious theatre and glorious musicals are produced and performed for the general public, but also thousands of other acts, followed only by real enthusiasts.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

The city's off Broadway and off Broadway theatres will feature more experimental theatre and feature new scripts, performers and directors.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

In the late years of the 20th century, new performance venues in Times Square, in skyscrapers and along 42nd Street, which had suddenly become fashionable, attracted a new audience and ticket prices rose with the growth in popularity.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

However, there are also free Shakespeare shows in Central Park, and discount tickets for on-going shows are always available.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

In each borough, local groups offer more shows than anyone has time to follow.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

[96] Completed in the 1960s, Lincoln Center is a mecca for performing arts favourites, with the Metropolitan Opera, the New York Philharmonic and the New York City Ballet.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

The finest concerts take place at Carnegie Hall.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

Good options are also offered by Manhattan's Town Hall and Brooklyn's Academy of Music, the oldest performing arts centres in the United States.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

[96] Film and television No city is as recognizable to Americans as New York: its searing nightlife and rugged living areas are part of the national consciousness.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

Film directors are happy to use the city as a filming location, and the city administration has encouraged that.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

New York is also an important production location for documentaries and independent films.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

Prior to World War I, Queens was the center of the early film industry, and an equally Astoria studio center operates there.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

[96] The city has also been the venue for many successful TV series.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

With the advent of such series as The Goldbergs, I Love Lucy, Family Is the Worst and Seinfeld New York has become part of the common cultural experience of Americans.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

[96] Museums and Libraries The most famous museum in the city and most popular with visitors is probably the Metropolitan Museum of Art.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

The Cloisters specialise in medieval art, while avant-garde is on display at the Museum of Modern Art and the Whitney and Guggenheim museums.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

Natural sciences and astronomy are presented by the American Museum of Natural History, and pre-Columbian and Ancient Egyptian art can be viewed at the Brooklyn Museum.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

[86] The Public Library's huge collections are the second largest in the United States after the Library of Congress.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

Scholars are also attracted to the Morgan Library, especially its medieval and Renaissance European manuscripts, and the Ellis Island Migrant Museum.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

[86] Literature New York, its charms and dangers have been portrayed by literary figures as diverse as Washington Irving, Herman Melville, Walt Whitman, O. Henry, members of the Algonquin Round Table, Rex Stout and Evan Hunter.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

[86] Media The headquarters of ABC, CBS and NBC, and the cable network HBO, are in New York.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

[98] [99] [100] [101] Well-known New York-based newspapers include [102] New York Daily News (newspaper) New York Times (newspaper) New York Post (newspaper) Metro (free distribution magazine) Foreign Affairs (6 issues per year) Newsweek (newsweekly magazine) The The New Yorker (40 issues per year) Harper's Magazine (monthly) BigNews (monthly) Street News (every six weeks) Food New York's many nationalities have brought there their own heritage dishes, which have evolved further over the years.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

Many famous dishes or own variations of well-known dishes have emerged in New York City, such as hot dogs bun, pizza, pastrami sandwich, burger, clam chowder and cheesecake [103].


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

Sports The most nationally successful professional sports club in the New York City area is the baseball club New York Yankees, which has won the MLB championship World Series 27 times.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

[104] There is also another baseball club from the town, the New York Mets.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

At Madison Square Garden, their home matches will be played by NHL team New York Rangers, NBA team New York Knicks, and New York Liberty, which plays in the women's NBA.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

[105] In addition, the NBA team Brooklyn Nets play in the city.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

[104] In addition, there are several other major league level teams playing in the New York metropolitan area.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

The ice hockey team New York Islanders plays their home games on Long Island.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

The New Jersey state side playing American football is played by the New York Jets and New York Giants, [105] whose home stadium MetLife Stadium was, at its completion in 2010, the most expensive sports stadium in the world.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

[106] New York City is also home to football teams New York Red Bulls [107] and New York City FC.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

A major sporting event held annually is the New York City Marathon, which for several years has been the largest marathon in the world.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

[108] In addition, one of the four tennis Grand Slam tournaments, the United States Open, is played annually in the borough of Queens.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

[109] There have been no Olympic Games in New York City, but the city has applied for the Games for the 2012 and 2024 Olympics.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

[110] Twinning cities New York has ten twinning cities: Tokyo, Japan Beijing, China Madrid, Spain Cairo, Egypt Saint-Domingue, Dominican Republic Budapest, Hungary Jerusalem, Israel Tel Aviv, Israel London, United Kingdom Johannesburg, South Africa Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lehtipuu, Markus| title = New York - Finnish Travel Guide| publisher = Finnish Travel Guide| year = 2010| page = 23-24}} References Elsewhere Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: How big is New York State?

New York

Category:44 North America * Category:Key articles on screening


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

The Viking Age is a period related to the prehistory of the Nordic countries, marked by Viking raiding and conquests.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

The plunder of Lindisfarne Abbey in 793 and the Battle of Stamford Bridge in 1066 has often been regarded as the starting shot of Viking expeditions.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

Once these year numbers have been changed to round numbers, a timing of 800—1050 has been obtained.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

In reality, of course, it is misleading to date an era like the Viking Age with the accuracy of a year or even a decade.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

Source material The Viking society was known for writing skills and used runic writing, which had been developed in the North Germanic cultural sphere even before the Viking Age.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

However, runic inscription was used mostly for religious purposes, as well as for counting and calendar entries; no documents or notes are known to have been drawn up.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

Society operated on an oral basis, so the Vikings left almost no literary imprint on themselves.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

[1] Saga literature based on oral stories about the Viking Age did not emerge in Iceland until centuries after the end of the Viking Age.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

Nevertheless, the sagas are the best written material describing Viking society and culture, although many of their determinations of time and place are vague.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

Information has also been preserved from the poems of the court poets employed by the kings, the skalds.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

[1] The source material that is more detailed in time and locally than the sagas are Western chronicles and annals, which, though mostly, depict the ravages of Viking raiding and eradicating expeditions.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

Information has survived from the British Isles, the Frankish Empire and, for example, in the annals of the Benedictine monasteries of Fulda and Xanten.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

Apart from these entries, a few texts characterised as historiography have survived about the Vikings, the most extensive and significant of which is the History of the Bishops of Hamburg (Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiae Pontificum) written by Adam the Bremen of 1075.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

Also notable is the Russian Chronicle of Nestor, compiled in the 12th century, describing the Vikings' part in the genesis of the Russian states.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

In addition to these, there are also a few Oriental sources, such as the Byzantine emperor Constantine VII's (913—959) book on state administration (De Administrando Imperio), which describes Viking expeditions on Russian rivers.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

The knowledge of written sources has already been largely utilised, but archaeology is constantly revealing new information about Viking society.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

[1] Overview of History The Viking Age was defined by a set of social, cultural, economic, military and political development processes and series of events.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

These developed gradually as the 7th and 8th centuries wore on, and faded away partly as early as the 9th century, partly only in the 10th and 12th centuries.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

Such Viking Age phenomena included: Plundering and conquests in the British Isles and around the North Sea: Sporadic looting in the 7th century, from the 860s until the early 9th century the aspiration for permanent conquests.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

There was a new phase of conquest in the British Isles in the early 10th century, Ireland and Scotland by Norse invasions in the 12th century.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

Buoyant commerce: In the 7th century, towns such as Birka in central Sweden emerged in Scandinavia.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

Most of these ancient cities were deserted in the 9th century.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

In the late 9th century, there was a wave of establishment of new cities (e.g. Lund and Sigtuna).


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

These towns, founded as bases of royal power and church, have survived to the present day.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

Movement along the river routes of the Viking East in Russia: Scandinavians were around Ladoga already in the 7th century, where they founded Aldeigjuborg, the oldest city in modern Russia.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

From the 8th century there are records of Scandinavians in the Byzantine Empire as traders and on raiding expeditions.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

The Swedish Vikings established Russia's predecessor, the kingdom of Kievan Rus', in the 880s.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

The Vikings established several towns there, but they assimilated into the local population there by the mid-9th century, causing the vibrant eastern trade of the Vikings to wane in the late 9th century, but close relations between the Swedish and Russian principalities remained even after this.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

Birth of unitary kingdoms: some form of unitary state was formed in Danish territory perhaps as early as the 6th or 7th century, but more clearly in the late 9th century.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

Similar developments also occurred in Norway and around 1000 in more fragmented Sweden.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

The spread of Christianity: true since the late 9th century, but to some extent even earlier.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

Expeditions of discovery in the North Atlantic: colonization of Iceland and the Faroe Islands in the 8th century.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

In the 10th century, settlements were established in Greenland and momentarily even on the east coast of Canada.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

Object culture characteristic of the Viking Age: best known types of weapons and jewellery as well as decorative styles based on archaeological finds.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

Viking settlements and expeditions Vikings drove their expeditions for the same reasons that have always motivated adventurers: new lands, riches and fame.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

The dearth of farmland easily became a problem in Scandinavia, especially in Norway, driving people to become emigrants in the 19th and 20th centuries as well.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

It has often been speculated that the typical Viking expedition was a well-nourished younger son of a family who had fallen out of the inheritance when the eldest son inherited the family estate, and who hoped to find land and property for himself.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

Inhabitants of Swedish territory (East Scandinavians) Inhabitants of Swedish territory, such as the Göthans and Sveans, made war and fiscal expeditions to the coastal areas of the Baltic Sea perhaps as early as the 5th century.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

Their passage headed across the Baltic Sea and into Russia following two big rivers.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

The “Swedes” established Aldeigjuborg on the shore of Ladoga to control the water route of the Olhava River.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

In the upper reaches of the river, they established a Rurik castle on the shore of Lake Ilmajärvi and made it the dominant trading centre of the two freeways leading to the south.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

Another route ran along the Dnieper to Kiev, where another centre was established, and onwards to the Black Sea.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

At the end of the route was located the Byzantine capital Constantinople (Viking Miklagård).


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

Another route, the Volgan-Baltic River Route, took a nearly 4000 km journey from the Volga to the Caspian Sea, beyond which caravan routes to Baghdad ran.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

To the south, the Scandinavians were especially drawn by silver, which was obtained from the silver mines of the Islamic world.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

In return, they traded furs and slaves, which were obtained as booty or gifts from Slavic peoples.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

The barter easily turned into looting.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

The Vikings made war expeditions even against the mighty Constantinople in 860 and again in 907.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

Although both attacks were repulsed, the latter of them persuaded the Byzantine emperor to offer trading rights to the North men in exchange for peace.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

Later, a Scandinavian bodyguard, the famous Shadow Guard, was also employed by the emperor.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

The inhabitants of the Danish territory (southern Scandinavians) When the “Swedes” headed east, the “Danes”, or Dans, looked south.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

Their influence was most strongly felt in England and in the Frankish Empire ruled by Charles the Great.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

The Franks were at first start powerful enough to repel the invasions, but in 843 the kingdom was divided between three rival heirs, and the Northmen seized the opportunity.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

On Easter Day 845, the Vikings invaded Paris after travelling 100 miles upriver up the River Seine.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

From 850 onward, the “Danes” changed their tactics from swift strikes to conquest-type warfare.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

They began wintering on the lands they had conquered, and operated from the bases they established on the river mouths.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

The next stage in development was extensive settlement, and in 865 the first of many Danish armies arrived in England.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

By this time, the country had split into half a dozen rival kingdoms, and were not strong enough to resist the intruders.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

By 880, only the southern kingdom of Wessex under its king, Alfred the Great, remained to resist any expansion effort.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

By then more than half of England was under the control of the “Danes”, and they left their imprint on language and law in the region.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

The “Danes'” conquests in England served as a permanent base for raiding expeditions to France, until in 911 King Charles III decided to offer Viking leader Rollo (Hrolf) land from the mouth of the River Seine in exchange for repelling rival Viking forces.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

Rollo stuck to the treaty, and within a short time the Northmen became Normans, converting to Christianity and speaking French.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

Duke William the Conqueror of Normandy, a descendant of Rollo in the sixth generation, conquered England in 1066.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

Inhabitants of Norwegian territory (Western Scandinavians) When the “Danes” conquered kingdoms, the “Norwegians” concentrated on exploring less charted areas.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

Most of their looting was concentrated in Scotland, and especially Ireland, where their coastal bases gradually developed into the country's first cities: Dublin, Wexford, Waterford and Limerick being founded by Northmen.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

They also colonized the Isle of Man, the Orkney Islands, the Shetland Islands and the Faroe Islands.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

According to tradition, in 860 two separate groups, one on their way to the Hebrides and the other to the Faroe Islands, drifted off their course and discovered a pre-existing unknown island.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

The news spread quickly, and soon within a decade settlers began arriving to take over the empty land.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

Within the next century, Iceland developed into an independent kingdom with a people's assembly called allting.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

By the end of the 10th century Iceland already had 60000 inhabitants, a quarter of Norway's population.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

When all usable grazing land was taken from Iceland, the dares began to look for new lands to settle.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

In the late 9th century, Erik the Red, convicted of murder in Norway and Iceland, travelled 725 km west to search for a country whose existence had been rumoured for several years.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

Land was found, and in order to attract settlers, he gave the thrusting landmass the appealing name Greenland (green land).


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

In the early Greenland settlements of Scandinavians, by 980, several hundred colonists farming land and catching whales and walruses.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

A settler straying from his route also observed low hills on the horizon which were too south to be Greenland.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

His story inspired Erik the Red's son, Leif Eriksson, to search for this mysterious land.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

Finally, in 1001, Europeans ascended the American mainland for probably the first time, when Leif arrived first on Baffin Island and then at L'Anse aux Meadows near the northernmost tip of Newfoundland.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

The area was given the name Vinland (in ancient Norse, vin meant field or keto).


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

However, the settlers who arrived after Leif received a hostile reception from the native inhabitants (possibly Inuit or Algonquin Indians), and all 250 settlers were driven back to Greenland after three years.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

Thereafter, Greenlanders made short tree-searching trips to the area.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

The last memory-written excursion was made in 1347.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

Viking Age long-distance trade The centres of trade included Haithabu (or Hedeby in present-day Germany) Kaupang (on the west bank of the Oslo Fjord) Birka (present-day Björkö west of Stockholm) Aldeigjuborg (present-day Staraja Ladoga on the southern shore of Ladoga in Russia) Rurik Castle (present day Staraja Ladoga on the southern shore of Lake Ladoga, Russia) Novgorod on the shore of Lake Air in Russia) Gnjozdovo (present-day Smolensk on the banks of the Dnieper River in Russia) (Ancient Scandinavian: Smaleskya) Kœnugarðr (present-day Kiev is the capital of Ukraine) Jorvik (present-day York in central England) The trade products of the Vikings included furs and weapons they traded for things like fabrics, silver and glass containers.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

The inhabitants of the territory of Denmark made trips, especially to the Netherlands and Belgium to France.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

In 911, King Charles the Simple of France gave the mouth area of the Seine, the County of Rouen, then called Normandy, to Rollo, a Viking chief, so that the Vikings would have stopped looting and protect Inner France against the other Vikings.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

In the 10th century, some of the Normandy descendants of the Vikings took control of territories from southern Italy, where the Kingdom of Sicily known as Norman arose.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

England (Viking Danelagen, Danelaw).


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

The looting of Lindisfarne Abbey in 793 is considered to be the beginning of the Viking Age.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

The Vikings formed York (Jorvik of the Vikings) at the site of Old Eboracum.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

Sven Haarabeard of Denmark was the conqueror of England from 1013—1014 and king of Denmark from 986 to 1014.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

His son Knuut II the Great was King of England 1014—1035 and King of Denmark 1018—1035, as well as holding Southern Norway from 1028 to 1035.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

Normandy (Norman) William the Conqueror, a descendant of Rollo, conquered England in 1066th even to Spain, North Africa and Italy like the Norwegian Vikings the inhabitants of the Norwegian territory made trips to Scotland to Ireland.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

At the site of collecting Viking slaves, Dublin (Dyflinn of the Vikings) arose.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

The Vikings also dominated Limerick and Cork.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

To the White Sea to the Vepsas.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

The land of the Vepsäs they called Bjarmaland.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

Residents of the Swedish region made trips, especially to the east (Austvegr), across the Baltic Sea to Russia.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

Aldeigjuborg was founded by the Vikings in 753.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

Sometime around 862, Rurik established kingdoms around Novgorod's predecessor and Kiev which, after many stages, contributed to the birth of Russia.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

To the Dnieper.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

The Vikings founded Kiev (Kjönugård of the Vikings).


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

Along the Dnieper, we also went across the Black Sea to the Byzantine capital Constantinople (Viking Miklagård).


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

Along the Gulf of Finland to the Volga to the Bolgar Empire and even (across the Caspian Sea) all the way to Baghdad.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

The Viking Age of Finland In Finland, the Viking Age was a period of the Iron Age that followed the Meroving Age and preceded the Crusade Age.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

Following Scandinavian research, the Viking Age in Finland is also timed around 800—1050.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

However, many archaeologists have begun to favour the Viking Age Deadline year 1025.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

The latter number of years more accurately dates the time when Crusader-era jewellery types came into use.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

In archaeological discovery material, the Viking Age is determined by certain types of jewellery and weapons.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

The latter are widespread international types, but there is also a local “Finnish” stamp on women's jewellery.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

The discovery materials come mostly from the crest, although archaeological research on the dwellings is also progressing gradually.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

Viking Age cakes are known mostly in Southwest Finland, Satakunta, Häme, Southern Savo and Ladoga Karelia.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

In addition, in the wilderness areas of central, northern and eastern Finland, the number of archaeological discoveries is more abundant than before.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

This is due to settling or the spread of metal objects and new burial customs among the fisherman-hunter population that inhabit the wildernesses.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

In the Western Udelia and Southern Ostrobothnia, gale finds disappear during the Viking Age, although merovingian discoveries in these areas are abundant.


Question: What year is the Viking Age considered to have ended?

Viking Age

There is no consensus among the study as to whether this means deserting areas or adopting new burial habits.