Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

[2] Kamenev was rehabilitated during the period of Mikhail Gorbachev in 1988.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

[1] Sources Literature Stephen Kotkin: Stalin — Volume I: Paradoxes of Power, 1878—1928.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

Penguin Books in 2014.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

Christer Pursiainen: Trotsky.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

Gummerus, Helsinki 2011.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

Robert Service: A History of Modern Russia — From Nicholas II to Putin.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

Penguin Books, London 2003.


Question: Where did Lev Kamenev die?

Lev Kamenev

References Category:Bolsheviks Category:Heads of State Category:Soviet politicians Category:Soviets executed Class:Those who died in Stalin's persecutions Class:Born in 1883 Class:Those who died in 1936


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

Korisliiga is the main league of men's basketball in Finland.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

The men's main league has been played under the Korisliiga name since the 2005—06 season.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

In the 2004—05 season, the name Sparliiga was used for the series according to its main sponsor.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

For the 1999—2004 seasons, the series was played under the name SM-koris and prior to this the name of men's basketball SM-sarja has been used.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

The Finnish Men's Basketball Championship has been played since 1939, when the championship was won by the Ylioppilasbasketball players from Helsinki.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

The most Finnish championships (14 in all) have been won by the Panthers.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

According to an article published by Sports Messages in January 2015, Korisliiga is the 15th best national premier league in Europe.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

[1] In the spring of 1939, the Finnish Basketball Association assembled a twelve-team indoor kit to compete for the first time for the men's national basketball championship.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

In the first season, eight teams from the Helsinki Metropolitan Region were involved, two teams from the Kotka region and two teams from Vyborg.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

[2] The first points in Finnish Championship history were scored by Kaarlo Einiö of Eiran Kisa-Veikkot.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

[3] As a league system, the first season was a two-loss cup, from which the top four teams qualified for the final series.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

Matches of the season were played during March—April.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

Eiran Kisa-Veikot and the first team of the Student Basketball Players survived to the final.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

However, Kisa-Veikot forfeited the match because the football series had already started and the same men represented the club in football as well.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

The first Finnish championship in history was thus won by Ylioppilasbasketball players.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

[2] For the second time the Finnish championship was played in autumn 1940.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

This was the first actual basketball championship series, as for the first time all eight teams in the series faced each other once.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

The championship series matches were also taken at the newly founded betting agency Oy Tippaustoimisto AB (later.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

Veikkaus Oy) as traction sites.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

The popularity of basketball in Finland increased considerably thanks to betting.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

In 1940, Eiran Kisa-Veikot was the winner of the series, which was awarded for the first time a circular prize decorated with bear patterns donated by Oy Perkko AB.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

Based on the rotation award, the championship series began to be called the Bear Trophy Series as well.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

In the 1940 and 1941 championship series, all eight teams were Helsinki-based, in addition to army detachments.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

The 1941 championship series was won by a team from the Cadet School.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

In early 1941, the Basketball Association imposed a special restriction on the championship series in relation to the current situation of basketball, as the restriction stipulated that the series was not allowed to be played by players whose length exceeded 190 centimeters.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

[2] After Continuation War Due to Continuation War, basketball's SM-sarja went unplayed in 1942 and 1943.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

However, sports organisations tend to keep up activity even in difficult times to maintain mental health.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

The Finnish Basketball Association was one of the most active sports organizations during the war years, and instead of SM-sarja, basketball was played in the so-called war series, whose matches were also found on the betting list.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

[2] After the war years, after a three-year hiatus, SM-sarja was launched in autumn 1944, when the seven-team simple series was won by Helsinki-based Kiri-Veikot.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

In the same year, the Finnish Women's Championship was also played for the first time, which was named Helsingin Tarmo.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

The Basketball Association had been cooperating for many years with the Workers' Sports Association and the federations organised a joint Finnish championship series in 1945 and 1946.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

In 1945, eight teams played in the SM-sarja, of which Kiri-Veikot took the victory.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

The following year ten teams played in the series, of which the Finnish championship was won by the Helsinki NMKY.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

[2] The Finnish Basketball Association joined the Finnish Gymnastics and Sports Federation in 1946.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

As a result, TUL severed its eight-year affiliation agreement with the Basketball Association.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

However, in April 1947, the Basketball Association wrote a new union cooperation agreement with TUL and the federations agreed that the 1947 Finnish champion would be decided in a mutual match between the internal champions of both federations.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

The Finnish championship was won by Helsinki NMKY, who played in the SKL series, by defeating TUL champion Työkäen Maila-Pojat in the final.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

[2] In June 2015, the Finnish Basketball Association and Elisa announced a 3+1-year cooperation agreement, according to which the Elisa Entertainment service will broadcast all regular season and playoff matches worldwide in Korisliiga.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

Viewing matches on mobile devices is also possible.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

The broadcast technology utilizes automatic cameras installed in the arenas in the previous season.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

[4] In October 2014, Korisliiga and the clubs started streaming all Korisliiga matches via Korisliiga TV as a three-year project.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

The matches were available to watch around the world.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

Camera production took place with the help of a Belgian company producing a similar service for the Euroleague, and the distribution platform was produced by a Finnish company.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

The service was produced using motion-sensing automatic cameras.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

In addition, Korisliiga TV produced compilations of matches, coach interviews as well as real-time prime-time moments from matches.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

Not all matches were expounded.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

Korisliiga TV was paid, and viewing rights could be purchased in the regular season either for individual matches, all matches of a particular team, or all matches of all teams.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

Of the playoffs, KorisLiigaTV showed, due to matches televised in part the rest of the season, 12—31 matches.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

[5] [6] In addition to Korisliiga TV, Yleisradio aired Korisliiga matches on its Sports Weekend broadcasts.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

[7] Sports Messages aired matches to its subscribers weekly, [8] and VeikkausTV broadcast a few matches.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

Teams in 2017—2018 2000s main league clubs in timeline Statistics and lists Audience averages Sources: [9] [10] [11] [12] Largest audience numbers Maximum audience numbers in regular season.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

[13] Championships Complete list of champions in List of Finnish men's basketball medalists 14 championships — Panthers 9 championships — Torpan Boys 7 championships — Espoo Honka, Helsinki NMKY 6 championships — Kotkan Työkäen Pallojat, Tapiolan Honka 5 championships — Helsinki Kisa-Taverit 4 championships — Kouvot, Turku NMKY 3 championships — Tampere Pyrintö 2 championships — Lappeenranta NMKY, Namika Lahti, Nilan Bisons 1 championship — Eiran Kisa-Veikot, Cadet school, UU basket sharks, Student basketball players, Joensuun Juniper In 1942 and the 1943 Continuation War prevented play for the championship.


Question: Where was the basket league founded?

Korisliiga

Awards The Finnish Basketball Association annually awards the best of the season in the following categories: Player of the Year Finals Best Player of the Year Defensive Player of the Year Rookie of the Year Most Advanced Player of the Year Best Sixth Player of the Year Aliens of the Year coach Referee of the Year All-time player stats See: Lists of Korisliiga Sources on topic elsewhere * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

A caravan, or caravan, is a towed trailer on the back of a vehicle intended for temporary housing.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

Jokingly, the caravan is also referred to as a caravan and its users “caravans”.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

The words come from the British English word caravan, which is also taken from the name of the Finnish caravan organisation SF-caravan.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

More commonly, a caravan is used to forge a wagon intended to be permanently placed.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

They can be solidly connected to water systems and mains.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

The caravan has wheels and a drawbar for short transfers, but they are not meant to be towed over long distances.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

When moving longer distances, a caravan (or house trailer) is transported on a truck platform.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

However, when mobile, it does not necessarily need a building permit and is thus an alternative to a solidly built holiday cottage.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

The caravan usually has a kitchen as well as a living and sleeping area.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

In small carriages these are usually combined, but in more spacious carriages the sleeping area is occasionally separated from the lounge/kitchen area Most carriages can be turned into beds.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

Manufacturing and selling of caravans in Finland The first Finnish caravans were made in 1949 in Seinäjoki, with car body factory Penko Oy as builder.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

Ten pieces were made of carriages, so it was a small-scale serial production.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

The wagon had an unlagged weight of about 400 kg and was designed to fit the Volkswagen Bubble to be towed.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

The carriage load-bearing structure was welded from corner iron, its walls were made of plywood, and the roof was clad in tar sheaf.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

The carriage had a vertical front wall and three windows, and inside was fitted with a LPG powered cast iron stove, benches for bed bottoms and several closets.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

[1] Mass-produced caravans were first produced by taxi driver Onni Mäkivirta in Punkalaitumi.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

About 400 pieces of OM wagons built by Mäkivirra were completed between 1962 and 1967.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

The hill stream was developing the structure of their carriages throughout, and they eventually proved so durable that they have been seen in use even decades later.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

In 1962, imports of foreign caravans to Finland also began; these were British Sprite carriages.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

[1] In the 1960s, Merchant House Bensow, known as an importer of various raw materials and a banker's shop, expanded its activities to include the manufacture of mopeds, oil heaters and lamps and dynamos for bicycles.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

As a result of the audience competition, the products were named Solifer.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

In 1964 Bensow built a prototype caravan, and at the turn of the year 1965—1966 a caravan assembly line was completed at the Bensow factory in Herttoniemi, Helsinki.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

The second major Finnish caravan brand became Matkaaja, whose manufacture began in Korso, Helsinki rural municipality, in 1967.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

Kafi Oy, founded in 1974 in Teuvalla Ostrobothnia, was formed as a wagon manufacturer slightly smaller than the previous ones.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

In addition to these, several smaller caravan manufacturers have been active in Finland especially in the 1960s and 1970s, and wagon brands such as Ekerina, Matkamaja and Matka-Mökki: Solifer wagons manufactured by Bensow were also marketed through various sales channels as Jupiter and Goldie. with names.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

From the outset, the possibility of year-round use of caravans became the main development site in the development of caravans, and sales were directed not only at home but also to export markets.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

Due to the recession of the early 1990s, sales of caravans in Finland collapsed, the manufacture of Kafi and Matkaaja caravans was discontinued and the only Finnish caravan brand remained Solifer.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

[1] In 1969 there were 2194 caravans registered in Finland.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

[2] At the end of 1983, the 27945 caravans registered in Finland represented 75 different brands, 60 of which were no longer in production at the end of the same decade.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

In the peak year 1989, almost 7200 new caravans were sold in Finland.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

In 2013, 758 new caravans were registered in Finland, and at the end of the year there were 67562 wagons on the register.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

At that time, there were 117560 motorhomes in Finland.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

[1] According to the legal text, the first trailers for tourism were (housing) wagons, such as in the decisions of the Ministry of Access and Public Works at the time.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

Especially in the 1960s, several other designations were used in informal contexts, in addition to the caravan and caravan, among others: a caravan, a travel home, a travel home, for living on wheels.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

[3] Under the Vehicles Act 2002, a car trailer (vehicle of category O1 to O4) is “a towed vehicle manufactured for the transport of persons or goods or for tourist purposes” (Vehicles Act (11.12.2002/1090), Section 17).


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

Caravan Structure The caravan consists of a frame with a basket on top.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

The wheels are either on a single axle or in a bogie.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

There is a drawbar at the front of the frame as well as a mounting device to attach the carriage to the tailhook of the towing truck.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

Fastening devices also include a safety wire.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

If the caravan comes off the car, the brakes on the caravan tires automatically start to brake.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

Normally, the brakes engage when the mass of the wagon exerts a thrust force on the hand as the towing car slows down.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

An electrical cord is also attached to the car, through which the caravan's electrical system is powered.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

At the front of the carriage there is a space for LPG cylinders.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

Other stuff can also be stored there.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

When loading, it should be noted that the driving weight specified for the car is not exceeded.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

Features A trolley heater is usually powered by LPG, but an electrical resistor can also be connected to it, which can be connected to the mains.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

In some wagon models, the resistor also operates at a voltage of 12 volts.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

Heating can be air circulation heating, underfloor heating or water-circular radiator heating.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

For indoor lighting, I use 12 volt DC, the energy required for which is stored in the carriage's own battery.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

In addition, the 12-volt system can be connected to entertainment electronics such as radio, television, laptop or mobile phone charger.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

The carriage may also have an inverter, from which you get a working voltage of 230 for a lower load.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

For high power needs (such as electric heating or air conditioner), this is not enough, but a connection to a stationary power grid is required.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

The trolley battery begins to charge automatically when connected to the mains.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

Carriages usually have an automatic charger or smart charger.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

An aggregate can be connected to the external electrical connection of the trolley if no fixed power grid is available.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

Fuel cells powered by LPG or methanol are also on the market, which can provide electric power to a 12-volt system.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

Power is enough for lighting and consumer electronics, but not for heat dissipation, cooling and other items that need a lot of power.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

Depending on the carriage and towing car, the battery is also charged from the car's electrical connection.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

DHW is transported in either one or two detachable plastic canisters of 10 to 20 litres, or in larger wagons in a fixed tank of more than one hundred litres.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

In this case, the carriage may also have fixed washing facilities with showers.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

At this time, the carriage also has a hot water system.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

The heater operates either on gas or mains.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

Water is sucked by an electrically powered water pump into the taps.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

The kitchen equipment of the trolley may be limited to gas-powered hotplates and refrigerators, or especially larger trolleys may also have an optional freezer and oven.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

The refrigerator (and freezer) are usually three-functional, that is, they run on gas, battery power or 230V mains voltage.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

Battery power is needed, for example, during ferry transport, when gas is not allowed to be used and mains power is not available.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

In the sanitary room there is a chemical toilet (kemssa).


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

Its tank is removable and is emptied if necessary.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

Often when camping with a carriage, a front tent, a roof or awning is used.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

They increase the area of living and living areas.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

Modern carriages can be used even in winter.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

As a rule, caravans require the same lamps and reflectors as in other car trailers.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

Wagons shall be fitted with front-facing white front lamps and reflectors and rear-facing red rear and brake lamps, brown-yellow direction indicators, white number plate lamp and red triangular reflectors with the tip upwards.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

White reversing lamps may also be fitted to the rear of the caravan.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

[4] Association Activities Caravan owners organize social activities.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

The SF-Caravan Association is an umbrella organisation formed by caravan owners and other organisations and individuals interested in camping tourism.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

The organization's mission is to work towards developing amenity in campsites, improvements to motorhomes, road safety among caravans, and to raise awareness of environmental issues.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

The SF-Caravan Association also selects the Caravan of the Year region each year.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

[5] See also Motorhome Trailer Sources on the topic elsewhere.


Question: Where were the first Finnish caravans made?

Caravan

Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Siukosaari, Ances| title = Motorhome vehicles 50 years in Finland, Comfortable travel| publisher = Alfamer| year = 2015| id = ISBN 978-952-472-225-4}} Category:Dwellings Category:Towed vehicles


Question: Where did philosophy come about?

Philosophy

Philosophy () dates to about 600—400 BCE.


Question: Where did philosophy come about?

Philosophy

a tradition of thought and doctrine born in ancient Greece that seeks to explore, among other things, the nature of reality, the general conditions of knowledge, the existence of beauty and values, the conditions of a good society, the nature of being human, and the general topics connected to them.


Question: Where did philosophy come about?

Philosophy

The word 'philosophy' originates from the Greek words philia and sophia, the former signifying loving or friendship and the latter being wisdom [1] [2] — philosophy thus means “loving wisdom”.


Question: Where did philosophy come about?

Philosophy

[3] Although no definition of philosophy is indisputable and the field of philosophy has changed over history depending on the issues addressed in each period, it is generally considered that philosophy is more a method of study than a set of statements or doctrines.


Question: Where did philosophy come about?

Philosophy

Philosophical research is based on reason and rational reasoning, and tends to avoid baseless assumptions.


Question: Where did philosophy come about?

Philosophy

The aim of the study is systematicity, generality and understanding of things.


Question: Where did philosophy come about?

Philosophy

[4] [5] Philosophy may also refer to the unified worldview, worldview, learning system or outlook on life of a person or school, as well as an activity that seeks to form such a person or school.


Question: Where did philosophy come about?

Philosophy

In everyday language, a philosophical attitude towards life may refer to a calm and moderate attitude towards things encountered in life.


Question: Where did philosophy come about?

Philosophy

[6] Although the word “philosophy” derives from the tradition of Western philosophy, many thinkers in other cultures, for example within oriental philosophy, have also dealt with similar topics in their own ways.


Question: Where did philosophy come about?

Philosophy

A scholar or thinker in philosophy is called a philosopher.


Question: Where did philosophy come about?

Philosophy

[7] Philosophy scholars, however, may not create a new philosophy, but might, for example, study the history of philosophy.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Definition and Nature of Philosophy The origin of the word Philosophy is in Greek and literally it means loving wisdom or friendship.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

However, there is also a side to the word Sofia that refers to skill or pursuit.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Thus philosophy can be seen as an action: the pursuit of one's own desire for knowledge and intellectual curiosity.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

[8] Central to philosophy is not knowledge, but to ask and question the foundations of knowledge already acquired.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

[9] Philosophy explores general conceptions of reality, knowledge, and human life and their foundations.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

[6] Philosophy is the study of the most general and abstract aspects of reality, as well as categories of our thinking; such as concepts such as' reason ',' truth ',' testimony ',' mind 'and 'matter'.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

In philosophy, the concepts by which we deal with reality become objects of study in themselves.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Philosophers, however, have disagreed at different times on the extent to which a “pure” or “first” philosophy with an aprioric attitude is possible.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

[10] Philosophical activities often aim to achieve truth, that is, to find out and explain how things are.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Different views on this have been expressed by, among others, Karl Marx and Ludwig Wittgenstein, according to which philosophical activity had other ends: for Marx, philosophy was about changing social conditions, [11] for Wittgenstein, in turn, the unraveling of conceptual problems and the meaning of clarification.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

[12] Methods in philosophy can be very variable in nature.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Philosophers often strive for the precise use of concepts, analysis of concepts, as well as accurate argumentation, but on the other hand, there is also a “declarative philosophy” whose nature is quite different.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

In general, however, it can be outlined that philosophical methods include at least being critical of what was previously learned, questioning truisms, and systematic examination.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

There are several ways of philosophy making and philosophical writing.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Plato's custom, for example, was to write dialogues (dialogues) that often depicted the philosophical conversations the philosopher Socrates had with his students.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

A method often used is the style of systematic treatise developed by Aristotle, which involves the systematic description and division of phenomena and related concepts into subconcepts.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Some philosophers, for example Wittgenstein in his early philosophy, have used a method borrowed from mathematics in which doctoral theorems and sentences derived from them are systematically presented.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Phenomenological philosophy seeks to describe phenomena as they manifest to us, in which case a more cursive or poetic expression may be necessary.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

What is common to several ways of writing, however, is that they do not present a single outcome along the lines of natural science research, but instead intended to increase understanding of phenomena, concepts and their relationships.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Philosophy and Sciences Philosophy's status as a science and relationship with special sciences Initially the goal of philosophy itself has been to acquire universal, general knowledge of reality.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

In this case, 'philosophy' has been conceived as a synonym for 'science' in a way.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Until the 17th century, all research on nature, man, or society was called philosophy, and only later have certain areas of research become separated into their own specific sciences, for example natural sciences, psychology, and sociology.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

[6] Special sciences, such as physics, began to separate themselves from philosophy at the beginning of the new age with the scientific revolution, and have developed for each of them their own research and methods of research.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Psychology, for example, became distinct from philosophy at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

[6] Philosophy has historically been considered the basis of other sciences because it explores general terms of acquiring knowledge and science.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

For this reason, philosophical arguments have been used to criticise the starting points and claims of various disciplines, including the natural sciences.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Philosophy has also seen the task of forming an overall picture of research outcomes in separate sciences: philosophy has thus been seen as a form of general science, with the task of trying to integrate research results in the special sciences into coherent scientific systems.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

[6] Philosophical research differs from special sciences in that it is often oriented towards the general basis of reality, with questions such as “What is meant by values?” , “What is societal separation of powers based on?” and “How can one achieve certain knowledge?” Specific sciences, on the other hand, study limited areas of research, such as physical phenomena (physics), historical events and their effects (history), the functioning of the human body (medicine), the functioning of human communities (sociology), or the ways of narrating written text (literary science) ).


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Similarly, philosophies in particular fields, such as philosophy of physics, philosophy of history and philosophy of law, aim not so much to solve problems in physics, history or law as to explore the concepts upon which the study of these fields is built and to raise them. the grounds and pre-assumptions upon which the subjects are based.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Thus philosophy can be seen as the end result of the discipline becoming aware of itself.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

However, drawing the line between first-order and second-order (thinking) thinking is not always straightforward.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Philosophical problems often change as disciplines develop, and accordingly philosophical activities can influence the direction disciplines take.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

[10] The set of fundamental assumptions in philosophy is smaller than in separate sciences, so it is more susceptible to change and in different periods and different philosophies there are divergent notions of what philosophy is and what its relation is to society, special sciences, religion or values.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Determining the identity of philosophy is made difficult precisely by the low number of basic assumptions, as philosophers also argue about these fundamental assumptions, such as what constitutes philosophy's field of study and methods of study.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Philosophy's position among the sciences has also been called into question because no philosophical system has remained permanent and did not achieve such universal acceptance as research results in special sciences.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Thus philosophy cannot be considered to have advanced in the same way as other sciences.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

On the other hand, the separation of the special sciences has meant a more specific area of philosophy.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Specific sciences describe reality each in its own way; the task of philosophy is to study in general the foundations of knowledge and science, the ultimate nature of reality, the purpose of being, and the position of man in the world.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

[6] Philosophy as an academic subject and science Philosophy can be seen as a discipline itself also in the sense that it is organised into universities as well as other fields of study, philosophical research is carried out with the same funding as other research and is taught in universities as a major.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Among academic subjects, philosophy is the first in Finland and in other countries.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

When Turku Academy was founded in 1640, six professors of the Philosophical Faculty were appointed to its teaching staff.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

The fields represented by these were morality and history (practical philosophy), logic and poetry (theoretical philosophy), Greek and Hebrew, eloquence, mathematics, and physics.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

[13] Ilkka Niiniluoto has said that philosophy has all the external characteristics of science in Finland and elsewhere: a well-established position as an academic subject, its own series of publications, scientific societies, congresses and international cooperation organizations.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

In this regard, philosophers have a scientific community in it like any other scholar.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

The eccentricity of philosophy is revealed when looking at its research subjects and methods.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

[14] Philosophy is also a compulsory subject in Finnish secondary school since 1994.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

[15] Breakdown of Philosophy Subdivisions Theoretical Philosophy: The Theory of Knowledge examines what knowledge is, what we can know and how we obtain new knowledge.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

[16] [17] Philosophy of science is a subfield of the theory of knowledge that studies the nature, general foundations, and scientific function of scientific knowledge.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

[18] Metaphysics studies to be of the ultimate nature.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

It thus tends beyond physics and empirical observations.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

[19] Metaphysics studies reality on a general level as a whole and man as part of it.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Ontology, that is, the doctrine of what is, explores reality (“that which is”) conceptually.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Ontology is a component of metaphysics and can be divided into substance-siontology, formal ontology, and fundamentaalontology.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Logic studies the laws of logically valid thought.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

It is an independent discipline and a subdivision of philosophy that seeks to form a coherent and non-contradictory axiomatic system as the basis for mathematics and other thinking.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Philosophy of language seeks, through philosophical (conceptual) thinking, to elucidate the essence and phenomena of language.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Practical philosophy: Ethics, or moral philosophy, examines what can be said to be morally good or evil and how one should live.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Social philosophy studies the structures and relationships that arose through the organization of people, such as the relationship between the individual and society, from a moral perspective.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

[6] Political philosophy explores the justifications of the state, public morality, and coercive power, and the collisions of the rights and freedoms of the people who live.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Aesthetics explores beauty and what can be said to be beautiful.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Philosophy of art explores what art is.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Any area of human activity can be viewed philosophically.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

There are, for example, philosophies in special sciences (philosophy of physics, philosophy of biology, philosophy of mathematics), philosophy of language, philosophy of mind, philosophy of theonology, philosophy of religion, philosophy of history, and philosophy of law.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Theoretical and Practical Philosophy is often divided into theoretical and practical philosophy.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

The division dates as far back as Aristotle.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

According to contemporary conception, theoretical philosophy is tasked with examining questions of existence and human knowledge, and practical philosophy is tasked with examining human action.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

[6] [20] In some universities (such as Helsinki), the study of philosophy is further divided into theoretical and practical philosophy.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

[21] The field of theoretical philosophy includes first and foremost logic, metaphysics, theory of knowledge and philosophy of science, with practical philosophy above all ethics and social philosophy.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

[6] The division is in itself arbitrary, for practical philosophy is none more practical than theoretical.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

The methods are largely the same, so the only delineating factor remains the subject lines.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Even that limit is not strict, and many things can be studied equally within theoretical as practical philosophy.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

In most universities, such a dichotomy of philosophy is not made.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

History of Philosophy Western Philosophy Ancient Philosophy Western philosophy originated in Ancient Greece.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Reportedly the first words “philosophy” and “philosopher” were used by Pythagoras.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

[22] Socrates and his students established the use of the terms in their modern sense.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

[23] Apart from Socrates, the most prominent philosophers of antiquity are his pupil Plato and his pupil Aristotle.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

However, many people who lived before Socrates corresponded in one way or another to the philosopher's description.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

These thinkers are called pre-democratics.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

[24] [25] During the first hundred years of the history of philosophy, Athens became a centre of philosophy, with students coming to its many schools of philosophy all the way from Rome.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

The emergence of philosophy was influenced by the prosperity of the Greeks through commerce and conquests, leaving time to think about matters which were not necessarily of immediate practical benefit.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Information was acquired because of its intrinsic value.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

There was also an advantage of democratic statesmanship and religious libertarianism.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

In this case, it was possible to think freely about the fundamental questions of life, and justification was needed to get one's way — no longer invoking ancestry, social status or physical strength was sufficient.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

[26] Philosophical tendencies of the Golden Age of Ancient Greek and the Hellenic period included Plato's academicism, peripateticism, cynicism, Stoicism, Epicurolism, and skepticism (such as pyrrhonism).


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

In the transition to the Roman period, Stoicism and Epicurolism became the most important.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

During Late Antiquity, Neo-Platonism developed.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

For example, Emperor Marcus Aurelius was also a Stoic philosopher.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

[24] [25] [27] Medieval and Renaissance Philosophy The period of medieval philosophy in western Europe and the Middle East stretches roughly from the fall of the Roman Empire to the Renaissance period.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Medieval philosophy is described by the rediscovery of ancient philosophy, as well as the need to address theological problems and combine religious teachings and secular wisdom.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

[28] The philosophy of the Middle Ages was predominantly religious-oriented.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

In medieval universities, the most significant discipline was theology, and philosophy was conceived as an auxiliary science to theology, the “servant”.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

One of the prevailing medieval philosophical trends or methods was scholasticism, in which Christian theology and philosophy inherited from antiquity sought to reconcile.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

[28] Christian mysticism also combined theological and ancient thought.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Major philosophers of the Middle Ages included Augustine, Anselm of Canterburylaine, Thomas Aquinese, Duns Scotus and William the Occamite.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Initially, medieval philosophers tried to associate Christian theology with Platonism (such as Augustine and many mystics), but later many (such as Thomas Aquinese) ended up with aristotelism.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

[28] Similarly, scholars in the Islamic world sought to associate the teachings of the Qur'an with aristotelism.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Such Islamic scholasticism was represented by Averroës and Avicenna, among others.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

In Jewish philosophy, similar thinking was represented by Maimonides, among others.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

These works also had a significant impact on Western European thought.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

[28] For the period of Renaissance philosophy, approximately the years 1350—1600 are read.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

The Renaissance marked a major shift in the way people think.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

It is often portrayed as a return of medieval Europe to the sources of classical culture.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

In philosophy, it is described by humanism's struggle against scholasticism and aristotelism, and the new rise of Platonism.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

[29] Early New Age Philosophy (circa 1600—1800) New-age philosophy is considered to have originated with the new rise of skepticism and the development of modern natural science.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

[30] Chronologically, the time covers the 17th and 18th centuries and is often considered to have ended with Immanuel Kant's attempts to combine Newtonian mechanics with traditional metaphysics.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

[31] In the new age, philosophers turned philosophy's attention above all to the theoretical questions of knowledge.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

The key problem was what natural science research and knowledge were based on.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Francis Bacon and René Descartes initiated the most significant philosophical trends of the time, empiricism and rationalism.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Empiricism was developed especially by the British John Locke, George Berkeley and David Hume.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

In the 18th century, empiricism also migrated to France, evolving into sensualism and materialism there.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

On the European continent, rationalist thinkers, in turn, built the most influential metaphysical systems of the 17th century.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

In addition to Cartesioism named after Descartes, rationalist thought of the time was represented by Baruch Spinoza and Gottfried Leibniz, among others.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

[32] [33] Thomas Hobbes was a prominent developer of political philosophy.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

[34] [35] The 18th century saw the emergence of an intellectual movement in Europe known as the Enlightenment, which emphasized civilisation, sanity and individual freedoms.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Some of the most famous Enlightenment thinkers include Jean Jacques Rousseau and Voltaire.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

[36] The later philosophy of the new age (circa 1800—1900) A new turn in philosophy was brought about by Immanuel Kant, who considers that the thing itself (Ding an sich) is excluded from the ability to know, and all human knowledge can only concern phenomena, or creatures as they appear to us.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

After Kant, so-called German idealism sought to return to bold philosophical speculations, in which the philosopher attempts to point to the “essence of the spirit” by delving deeper into how the world has been attributed to the initial spirit.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Such philosophy was particularly represented by J. G. Fichte, F. W. J. Schelling, and G. W. F.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Hegel.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

[37] [38] In the latter half of the 19th century, many philosophers focused first and foremost on theoretic and philosophical questions of science.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

The public opinion was that we must abandon metaphysical attempts to study the “essence” of the being or its “initial foundations”, and instead limit ourselves to merely studying phenomena.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Such a view was represented by positivism developed by Auguste Comte, among others, as well as neo-canism.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

[39] Many philosophers rejected idealism, and initiated trends in thinking that have influenced well into modern philosophy.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Charles Peirce and William James initiated pragmatism, Edmund Husserl in turn phenomenology.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

The works of Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell provided tools for early analytic philosophy.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Søren Kierkegaard laid the groundwork for existentialism, as did Friedrich Nietzsche, who considered questions of the future of morality and humanity.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

[39] English steep empiricism was represented by J. S. Mill.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Naturalistic directions such as materialism (Ludwig Büchner et al) and naturalistic development philosophy (Herbert Spencer and Ernst Haeckel) also gained support, which also led to pessimism (Arthur Schopenhauer and Eduard von Hartmann).


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Social philosophically, Mill represented utilitarianism.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, in turn, developed Marxist social philosophy.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

[39] Modern philosophy The twentieth century marked a major upheaval in Western philosophy as a whole, which on the one hand has led to conflicts and a strong division of the entire philosophical field.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

[39] Many traditional truisms have been abandoned, replaced by new scientific, logical, social and economic problems.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Over the past hundred years, philosophy has also increasingly become a study practiced in universities, while at the same time becoming increasingly specialised and distinct from the natural sciences.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

The schools of philosophy of the 20th century and beyond can be divided into: Analytical philosophy — Logical Empiricism — Positivism — Pragmatism Continental philosophy — Hermeneutics — Phenomenology — Existentialism — Post-structuralism — Postmodernism Marxist philosophy — Frankfurt School—Radical Feminism Tomism — Neo-tomism Metaphilosophical views have been divided into positivist and interpretive schools through time.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

This division is realised to some extent in contemporary philosophy, where the former has been represented by analytic philosophy emphasising logicality and the latter by a more life-philosophical continental philosophy, which today relies mostly on hermeneutics and phenomenology.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

However, the previous stricter dividing line between analytic and continental philosophy, influenced above all in academic philosophy, has today somewhat dissipated.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

[39] Some of the most prominent philosophers of the 20th century have been Ludwig Wittgenstein of the analytic tradition and Martin Heidegger of the Continental tradition.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Among the most prominent Finnish philosophers are Eino Kaila, Georg Henrik von Wright and Jaakko Hintikka.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

More famous to the general public are perhaps the author, the existentialist philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre, and the Finns Esa Saarinen and Pekka Himanen.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Oriental philosophy Oriental philosophy refers specifically to various philosophical traditions that arose in India, Persia, China, Japan, and to some extent also in the Middle East.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Due to the spread of Abrahamic religions, “Oriental philosophy” partially overlaps with Western philosophy.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Philosophical thought resembling Western philosophy has been appearing in India and China since millennia ago almost without any association with the history of European philosophy.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

It is customary to refer to oriental philosophy as oriental thinking trends that emphasize independent use of reason and reject mystical revelation.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

However, Western commentators on oriental thought have not always drawn a clear distinction between oriental religions and actual oriental philosophy.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Part of the reason for this is that, like the Western world, in Asia, several of the most important philosophical thinkers have incorporated religious material into their teachings and have not seen the distinction between philosophy and religion as essential.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

In the Western world, Oriental philosophy has mainly influenced the philosophy of life.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

The most famous oriental philosophers include Kapila, Yajnavalkya, Siddhartha Gautama, Aksapada Gautama, Nāgārjuna, Confucius, Laozi, Zhuangzi, Mengzi, Xunzi, Zhu Xi, Wang Yangming, Dharmakirti, Adi Shankara, Ramanuja, Narayana Guru, Vivekananda, Sri Aurobindo and Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Indian philosophy Born on the basis of Aryan-Vedic culture, Hindu philosophy forms a central part of the culture of southern Asia.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

It is the earliest of the Dharmic philosophies, and has influenced philosophical thought and religions throughout East Asia.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

The six astika- or orthodox schools of Indian or Hindu philosophy include yoga, nyaya, purva mimamsa, samkhya, vaisheshika and vedanta.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

The multiplicity of Hindu thought is the result of the liberal universalism that is part of it.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

In addition to Hindu philosophy, Buddhist and Jainan philosophy as well as carvaka originated in India.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Although the Indian way of thinking differs from the thought habits of Europeans, the same major hypotheses of world explanation have been formed in Indian philosophy as in the Western world.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Indian philosophy can also be best compared to Western philosophy of the Oriental philosophies.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

For example, the ancient Hindu nyaya school studied logic in a manner reminiscent of modern analytic philosophy.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Similarly, the carvaka school was openly atheistic and empirical.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

However, Indian philosophy placed emphasis on the teachings of entire schools and ancient scriptures rather than individual philosophers.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Persian Philosophy The roots of Persian philosophy go back as far as ancient Indo-Iranian philosophical traditions.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

They were particularly influenced by the teachings of Zarathustra.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

As a result of the Macedonian, Arab and Mongol conquests, Persia received extensive cultural and political influences, which allowed a large number of different trends to develop in the region, from Zarathustranism, Manichaeism and Mazdaism to various forms of Islamic philosophy up to school municipalities.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Chinese Philosophy Philosophy has been of great importance to Chinese society and East Asia as a whole.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Like Western philosophy, Chinese philosophy encompassed a wide variety of subfields and includes a number of different orientations.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Many notable philosophical schools arose especially during the Spring and Fall and Fighting County States periods.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Because of this, the era is referred to as the Hundred Schools.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Of the schools that originated in that period, the most notable are Confucianism, Taoism, Mohism and Legalism.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

During the Later Tang Dynasty, Buddhism that spread from India also became a major philosophical and religious doctrine in China.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Other philosophical traditions Other philosophical traditions include, for example, African and Aztec philosophy.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Philosophy and Other Practices Philosophy and Religion Philosophy often seeks to answer questions about life and death, the meaning and value of life, and actions and their consequences.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

In doing so, it often comes close to the domain of religions.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

In this case, philosophy differs from religions in that it requires rational justifications for each claim, and is willing to make every claim subject to study and criticism.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

[6] Philosophy and Art Many thinkers, for example Friedrich Nietzsche and Arthur Schopenhauer, have seen a close kinship between philosophy and art.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Many philosophers have already pursued artistic beauty in their way of presentation.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

Philosophy has been written in all forms of poetry: doctrinal poem, dialogue, monologue, novel, fairy tale, aphorism, essay etc. [40] See also Finnish philosophy Wikipedia Encyclopedia of Philosophy Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hetemäki, Ilari (ed.


Question: Where was philosophy born?

Philosophy

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Philosophy

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Philosophy

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Question: Where was philosophy born?

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Question: Where was philosophy born?

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Question: Where was philosophy born?

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Question: Where did philosophy come about?

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Question: Where did philosophy come about?

Philosophy

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Question: Where did philosophy come about?

Philosophy


Question: Where did philosophy come about?

Philosophy


Question: Where did philosophy come about?

Philosophy

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Question: Where did philosophy come about?

Philosophy


Question: Where did philosophy come about?

Philosophy

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Question: Where did philosophy come about?

Philosophy

Drafted on the basis of WSOY's encyclopedias.


Question: Where did philosophy come about?

Philosophy

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Question: Where did philosophy come about?

Philosophy

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Question: Where did philosophy come about?

Philosophy

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Question: Where did philosophy come about?

Philosophy

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Question: Where did philosophy come about?

Philosophy


Question: Where did philosophy come about?

Philosophy

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Määttänen, Pentti| title = Philosophy: Introduction to Basic Questions| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 1995| version = S. 263-274: Vocabulary| id = ISBN 951-662-708-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Saarinen, Esa| title = Philosophy! | location = Porvoo Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2004| version= S. 155-204: Dictionar| id = ISBN 951-0-29308-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Salonen, Hope| title = Words and concepts of Philosophy | location = Rovaniemi| publisher = University of Lapland| year = 2003| Version = 3. revised edition| id = ISBN 951-634-902-1}} On topic elsewhere Encyclopedias:.


Question: Where did philosophy come about?

Philosophy

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Question: Where did philosophy come about?

Philosophy

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Question: Where did philosophy come about?

Philosophy

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Question: Where did philosophy come about?

Philosophy


Question: Where did philosophy come about?

Philosophy


Question: Where did philosophy come about?

Philosophy

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Where did philosophy come about?

Philosophy

Periodicals:.


Question: Where did philosophy come about?

Philosophy

Yearbook of the Finnish Philosophical Society. Philosophical Magazine. Philosophical cultural magazine. Interdisciplinary Period Publication. Interdisciplinary seasonal publication.


Question: Where did philosophy come about?

Philosophy

Change: Finnish philosophical web portal.


Question: Where did philosophy come about?

Philosophy

...... Philosophy Open Access Periodicals.


Question: Where did philosophy come about?

Philosophy


Question: Where did philosophy come about?

Philosophy

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Where did philosophy come about?

Philosophy

Secondary School Compulsory Course Learning.


Question: Where did philosophy come about?

Philosophy

Articles by Tommi Vehkavaara:.


Question: Where did philosophy come about?

Philosophy

so & thus 2/2001, 27—33.


Question: Where did philosophy come about?

Philosophy

Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: What does klaffi mean?

Klaffi

A claff (also claffboard, synchronous, or pacing board) is a blackboard or marker board used in film production of films, as well as a hinge.


Question: What does klaffi mean?

Klaffi

There are also electronic models of claffboards, where instead of flicking, the board has a flashing indicator, a strong sharp beam, and a digital timecode display either without or with a traditional hinged bar.


Question: What does klaffi mean?

Klaffi

The bar hinged to the top of the claffboard, often with a bevelled stripe in pattern, is quickly slammed against the solid, correspondingly reverse-striped bar at the top of the board, resulting in a strong sharp-toned glancing.


Question: What does klaffi mean?

Klaffi

At the start of the shooting situation of a single shot of the scene, once the camera and recording have started, the claff table is displayed in the direction of the camera showing the information of the shot and recorded in the image.


Question: What does klaffi mean?

Klaffi

The person using the klaff, most often the 2nd Camera Assistant, first indicates in a clearly audible voice at least the scene, picture and shot numbers that are recorded in the recording.


Question: What does klaffi mean?

Klaffi

The klaff is then fished, whose sound and movement are recorded, and the claff is taken away from the front of the camera, after which the play action of the shot begins with the director giving the order to do so.


Question: What does klaffi mean?

Klaffi

The use of the claffboard originated from the need for film shooting of sound films, where, in addition to the film camera, the sound recorded on a separate audio recorder must have been synchronised with the image when cutting the film.


Question: What does klaffi mean?

Klaffi

The claff board allows the film cutter to very accurately schedule the film image and audiotape with each other at the same rate.


Question: What does klaffi mean?

Klaffi

In addition, based on the information shown in the film image of the claff table, the clipper can verify from the audio tape that an image film and audio tape of the same shot are on the operating table.


Question: What does klaffi mean?

Klaffi

A claff is usually struck at the start of the shot, but an afterclaff after the shot is also possible.


Question: What does klaffi mean?

Klaffi

That's when the klaff is kept hitting upside down.


Question: What does klaffi mean?

Klaffi

This can be used in particularly long cohesive shots to ensure to the clipper that the sound and image have remained at the same pace from the beginning to the end of the shot.


Question: What does klaffi mean?

Klaffi

In video shooting production, the claff table is used for the same reason as in film shoots, if the sound of the shooting situation is recorded by a separate sound recording device or the shot is shot on several camcorders simultaneously.


Question: What does klaffi mean?

Klaffi

The editor paces a separate video image and audio track or more camera images and audio material with each other in the same way as in a film cut.


Question: What does klaffi mean?

Klaffi

The following important things are noted on the board: Film name Scene number Otto or picture number Monesko film/tape camera is Director's name Filmer's name Filming date INT/EXT DAY/NIGHT Production numbers and codes Category:Filmmaking


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

A synthesizer (or colloquially also synth) is a sound-producing electronic device used to create music and effects.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

Generally synthesizers are controlled from a device resembling a piano keyboard, but there are also, for example, guitar synthesizers, as well as synthesizers that are not intended to be played by hand.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

Moog and early synthesizers One of the most important figures in the history of modern synthesizers was American Robert Moog.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

He began building Theremin instruments in the 1950s mainly as his own hobby, and in 1964 the first Moog synthesizer for wider use appeared, with a subtractive synthesis implemented with analog electronics as its main idea, in which the signal from the oscillator is controlled by a filter through.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

At the same time, Don Buchla was designing a similar device for producing avant-garde music.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

Although the Moog's contribution to the history of synthesizers is undeniable, the first electronic instruments were built as early as the last quarter of the 19th century.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

In addition to Moog's creations, electronic instrument instruments worth mentioning in this context include at least the Theremin (1917), Ondes Martenot (1928), and Trautonium (1930).


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

Modular Synthesizer The first analog synthesizers were modular in structure.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

In them, each electronic unit was a separate module to be installed in a set of devices.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

Different connectors were used on the front panels of the modules to connect them with each other by cables as the user wanted.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

The keyboard was also detached and could only be played one pitch at a time because the synthesizer was monophonic.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

The modular synthesizer was very flexible in design for the musician using it.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

Its configuration could be changed if necessary, or already when ordering a synthesizer, it could be built according to the wishes of the musician.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

The modules of the player could be combined in an almost arbitrary way.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

Using a modular synthesizer was not easy at first.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

The musician also had to understand the basics of electronic processing of an audio signal so that the instrument could be induced to produce a sound consistent with the musician's vision.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

A basic synthesizer, which is eligible as an instrument, normally has at least the following modules: VCO, a voltage-controlled oscillator, which serves as the actual source of sound.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

The oscillator produces such waveforms that are feasible by common and simple basic electronics couplings, for example sine wave, saw-wave (ramp wave), triangle wave and canteen wave.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

These waveforms, excluding the sine wave, contain many uptone multiples relative to the fundamental frequency, allowing them to be creatively modified using filters.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

With more oscillators, a more chorus-like scope is obtained to the chord sound, or chorus effect, by mixing different waveforms with each other and tuning the fundamental frequencies of the oscillators slightly different from each other.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

The frequency produced by a voltage-controlled oscillator is controlled by electrical voltage brought into it from the outside, which is more commonly obtained from the contacts.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

The frequency of the oscillator can also be controlled by connecting cables from the rest of the module if necessary.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

VCF, or voltage controlled signal filter.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

There are three different types of filters: low-pass filter (LPF), bandpass filter (BPF) and high pass filter (HPF).


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

There is also a reverse-working version of the bandpass filter, namely the Band-Impact Filter (BRF).


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

Generally, synthesizers use three previously mentioned filter types or at least one low-pass filter (LPF).


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

Filter limit frequencies are adjusted by the control voltage imported from the module's own controls or outside, from the other module.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

In addition, filters usually also have a resonant coupling feature to emphasize the strength of the signal being passed through from the filter precisely at the cutoff frequency.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

VCA, that is, voltage controlled amplifier.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

With this module, the chord can be given its final volume form as acoustic instruments usually have.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

The volume of the signal being driven through the amplifier is driven by the electrical voltage being imported into it, more commonly by the control voltage generated by the curtain curve generator (ADSR).


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

Control voltage can also be brought to the VCA from some other module and thus modify the timbre by amplitude modulation.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

ADSR or any other curtain curve generator (diaper generator).


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

The most common purpose of a generator is to create a volume control characteristic of timbre, which changes at certain time intervals.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

More commonly, the variable control voltage it produces is directed to a voltage-controlled amplifier.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

Of course, curtain voltages can be used to control any other module, such as a filter or oscillator.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

The curtain curve voltage created by the generator is normally triggered from the down press of the contact, but its initiation can also be controlled from other pulse sources.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

In addition to these, the modular synthesizer usually has other modules as well, for example: Noise generator Low frequency oscillator (LFO) Ring modulator [1] [2] Signal sampling (sampler) Signal translator Summation and separation amplifier Delay for audio signals or for control voltages Distortion or any other module for waveform modification (waveshaper) Signal mixers Sequencer Portable synthesizers Modular synthesizers are generally very versatile but heavy construction instrument instruments whose use is predominantly in music studios.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

As their successors, simplified synthesizers were developed, incorporating the more standard base modules of the synthesizer fixed.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

The modules were internally connected to each other in an order that worked for audio signals, with the use of connecting cables no longer required.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

A commonly used basic example was to place the modules and its controls in the control panel from left to right in order VCO, VCF, ADSR and VCA.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

In addition, these synthesizers had a contacts fixed on it.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

Mixed models of portable synthesizers were also produced, with modules firmly mounted on the device and internally pre-interconnected basic, but could also be connected by external connecting cables if necessary to improve flexibility in use.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

One of the most famous synthesizer models of this kind is the ARP 2600, manufactured by the US company ARP, which could be sealed with the lid into a single suitcase for transportation.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

In the 1980s, synthesizers were developed for the performance situation of music, which, like a guitar, have a portable keyboard on the shoulder strap.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

These are most often played on stage with one hand.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

On the other hand, a handle is left, next to which are located vibrato and glide controls.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

Such synthesizers are not very common.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

Guitar synthesizers into which sound values are fed instead of keyboards from a controller similar to an electric guitar, or by means of additional hardware mounted on the guitar became well known in the 1980s.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

Programmable Synthesizers Programmable analog synthesizers were progressively introduced into digital technology that allowed synthesizers to be better used in live performance.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

Beyond that, digital technology also brought with it polyphonicity, that is, playing more than one tune at the same time.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

The main benefit of adding digital technology to analog synthesizers was depositing control settings and calling them out of memory, allowing various programmed chord tones to be switched quickly.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

Digital programmability gradually removed the rotatable controls from the synthesizer's operating panel and became more keys-only.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

Nowadays, some synthesizer models have appeared on the market, where the audio signal path is fully analog and controls traditionally implemented with twisting knobs, but the control settings are still stored in the synthesizer's chord memory digitally.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

Such instrument designs are completely new design patterns and re-production from the old known analog synthesizer models.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

As electronics developed, the use of IC circuits replacing discrete components also became common in synthesizers.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

IC circuits made the operation of oscillators more stable in particular.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

The oscillators of earlier synthesizers built with separate components were plagued by a change in their pitch, a common cause of which was a change in properties due to warming due to component induced warming.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

[3] Digital synthesizers Modern synthesizers use digital audio samples (wavetable synthesis) to generate waveforms instead of analog oscillators often use digital audio samples (wavetable synthesis) or sound from analog synthesizers to imitate aspiring functions (modelling synthesis).


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

In digital synthesizers, audio signal processing takes place either partially or fully digitally.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

In partial processing, the initial source of sound is digitally created, so there are no actual analog oscillators in the player, but the initial sound is still modified by analog switches.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

In fully digital musical instruments, a signal that mimics analog audio is processed digitally from start to finish.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

In the 1980s, a MIDI bus was developed to connect digital synthesizers and other digital musical instruments to be used to control instruments from different manufacturers with each other.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

Prior to the MIDI standard, control voltage interfaces (CV) were used to control synthesizers outside.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

There are also special cases of digital synthesizers where traditional audio signal processing is not used at all to modify the chord tone.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

Examples of these customs are the FM synthesis used by Yamaha, which is characteristic of 80s pop music, and the PD synthesis (Phase Distortion) developed by Casio.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

At least Kawai has manufactured synthesizers based on additive synthesis, in which sound is generated by adding up sine waves.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

The lack of the first digital synthesizers was cumbersome programming with user interfaces difficult to clear.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

This made the change of timbre parameters in the playing situation virtually impossible.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

This in itself led to the use of extensive ready-made chord selections and the actual features of the synthesizer were not necessarily exploited.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

[4] The electric piano playing of Yamaha's DX 7 is a well-known example of this.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

For the same reason, it is difficult to perceive when programming a change to sound by changing some parameter, unlike in an analog synthesizer, where you can deduce from experience from the position of the switches what the sound sounds like and the change in which parameter brings the desired result.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

In response to the problem, so-called virtual analog synthesizers entered the market.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

The interface is similar to an analog synthesizer, although the technology that produces and modifying the tones itself is digital.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

This allows for changes in the playing situation itself and makes it easier to create and understand the structure of the chord color.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

Software synthesizers with contacts made for them, with the possibility of parameter adjustment, have replaced these especially in studio work.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

[4] Software synthesizers in computer synthesizers or virtual instruments (engl.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

software synthesizer) sound synthesis can occur exclusively on a computer by computing.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

In the early days of computers, computation took place slowly with punch cards controlled and the result was written on magnetic tape.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

Since then, processor power has grown so that counting and sound generation can take place in real time while the user wrenches authentic three-dimensional looking control buttons with the mouse from the screen and instantly hears the final result.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

Today, many software synthesizers have grown into whole virtual studios, or softastudios, which already contain all the functions of synthesizing, composing and signal processing of sound in themselves.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

Such programs include e.g.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

FL Studio, ReBirth RB-338, Reason, Orion (Platinum) and Jeskola Buzz (Tracker), which basically allows you to make a song from start to finish on home PC without any external software or hardware.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

As computer programs, virtual VSTi synthesizers also exist.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

They are plugins that require a virtual studio to use.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

Well-known manufacturers of synthesizers ARP (United States) The company no longer exists.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

The most famous player models 2500, 2600 and Odyssey Korg owns the ARP brand name and has in 2015 launched the original Korg ARP Odyssey model Casio (Japan) Most famous player models WK and CZ model series Clavia (Sweden) Most famous instrument models Nord Lead and Nord Wave Dave Smith Instruments (USA) Most famous instrument model series Mopho and redesigned Prophet Doepfer (Germany) Most famous instrument models A-100 modular synthesizers EMS (England) Most famous player model EMS VCS 3 Korg (Japan) Most famous instrument models Triton, OASYS and MS- model series Moog (USA) The most famous instrument model Minimoog, of which there is also a modern variation Moog Voyager Oberheim (USA) The most famous musical instrument models Oberheim 8 voice and separate modules of the SEM model series Roland (Japan) The most famous musical instrument models Fantom, Juno- and Jupiter- Roland's GR range is notable in the development of guitar synthesizers Sequential Circuits (United States) The company no longer exists.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

Most famous instrument model Prophet model series Yamaha (Japan) Most famous instrument models DX and Motif model series, analog CS series See also Electric organ Sources Lindeman, Osmo: Electronic music, p. 114.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

Helsinki: Otava, 1980.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

ISBN 951-1-04817-1.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

Arvola, Tapani & Kämäräinen, Gudrun & Tapio, Brita: Music and Me, p. 203.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

Helsinki: Music Fazer, 1980.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

ISBN 951-757-068-6.


Question: Who invented the filter?

Synthesizer

References on the topic elsewhere * Category:Keyboards Category:Electronic Musical Instruments Category:Key Articles in Screening


Question: Where is Guernica located?

Guernica (painting)

Guernica () is an oil painting representing Cubism by the Spanish painter Pablo Picasso from 1937.


Question: Where is Guernica located?

Guernica (painting)

The work, inspired by the bombing of Guernica in the same year, is one of his best-known paintings.


Question: Where is Guernica located?

Guernica (painting)

It is today exhibited at Madrid's Museo Reina Sofía.


Question: Where is Guernica located?

Guernica (painting)

Black and white, measuring 776 x 349 cm, the painting is Picasso's largest.


Question: Where is Guernica located?

Guernica (painting)

It was completed for the 1937 Paris World's Fair, after which the painting toured various parts of the world, eventually ending up at the Museum of Modern Art in New York in 1939.


Question: Where is Guernica located?

Guernica (painting)

At Picasso's wish, the painting was not returned to Spain until 1981, after General Francisco Franco's military dictatorship had ended and a democratic constitution enacted for the country.


Question: Where is Guernica located?

Guernica (painting)

[1] According to Guernica, the gobeline was exhibited between 1985 and 2009 in New York at the entrance to the UN Security Council Chamber.


Question: Where is Guernica located?

Guernica (painting)

Originally completed in 1955 for former Vice President of the United States Nelson A. Rockefeller, the gobeline differs slightly in coloring from the original painting.


Question: Where is Guernica located?

Guernica (painting)

[2] Today it is on view at the San Antonio Museum of Modern Art.


Question: Where is Guernica located?

Guernica (painting)

[3] Guernica depicts human suffering and its subject matter derives from the bombing of the Nazi German air force during the Spanish Civil War on 26 April 1937, which destroyed the town of Guernica in the Basque Country almost completely.


Question: Where is Guernica located?

Guernica (painting)

An estimated 1,700 civilians were killed in the attack.


Question: Where is Guernica located?

Guernica (painting)

The bombardment of Guernica was then the largest and most destructive aerial bombardment in recent military history.


Question: Where is Guernica located?

Guernica (painting)

[4] Sources on the subject elsewhere Category:Pablo Picasso Paintings Category:History Paintings Category:Spanish Civil War Category:Cubist paintings Category:1937 Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Which other automaker did Auto Union form Audi with?

DKW

DKW is a former German automobile and motorcycle brand.


Question: Which other automaker did Auto Union form Audi with?

DKW

In 1916, Danish engineer Jørgen Skafte Rasmussen established a factory in the state of Saxony to manufacture parts for steam equipment.


Question: Which other automaker did Auto Union form Audi with?

DKW

That same year, he attempted to manufacture a steam-powered car, the DKW (Dampf-Kraft Wagen,).


Question: Which other automaker did Auto Union form Audi with?

DKW

However, this failed and in 1919 he made a two-stroke toy machine called Des Knaben Wunsch ().


Question: Which other automaker did Auto Union form Audi with?

DKW

He also fitted a slightly modified version of his engine on a motorcycle, thus becoming Das Kleine Wunder, meaning “little miracle”.


Question: Which other automaker did Auto Union form Audi with?

DKW

In the 1930s, DKW was the largest motorcycle manufacturer in the world.


Question: Which other automaker did Auto Union form Audi with?

DKW

In 1932, DKW merged with Audi, Horch and Wanderer to become the Auto Union, but all brands continued until World War II.


Question: Which other automaker did Auto Union form Audi with?

DKW

After the war, Auto Union's ownership changed a few times, first to Daimler-Benz in 1957, until it was finally acquired by Volkswagen Group in 1964.


Question: Which other automaker did Auto Union form Audi with?

DKW

In Spain, DKW (pronounced “de-ca-uve”) became a generic term for a van and is still used today.


Question: Which other automaker did Auto Union form Audi with?

DKW

In Finland, DKW was sold as a Donau brand from the 1950s until the end of 1960.


Question: Which other automaker did Auto Union form Audi with?

DKW

Vehicles made before World War II DKW cars were produced from 1928 to 1966.


Question: Which other automaker did Auto Union form Audi with?

DKW

They always had a valveless two-stroke engine and starting in 1931 the company pioneered front-wheel drive cars with a transverse-mounted engine.


Question: Which other automaker did Auto Union form Audi with?

DKW

Their best-known cars, model names F1—F8, were made by the DKW after World War II; these had front-wheel drive and a transversely mounted two-cylinder engine.


Question: Which other automaker did Auto Union form Audi with?

DKW

These models also had an unusual arrangement in which the DC alternator also acted as a starter motor and was directly connected to the crankshaft; the system was called Dynastart.


Question: Which other automaker did Auto Union form Audi with?

DKW

DKW also produced a lesser-known series of rear-wheel drive cars (Schwebeklasse and Sonderklasse) with a V4 two-stroke engine.


Question: Which other automaker did Auto Union form Audi with?

DKW

These engines had two additional cylinders acting as a flush pump, so the engines externally resembled a V6 engine without spark plugs in the forward cylinder pair.


Question: Which other automaker did Auto Union form Audi with?

DKW

In 1939, DKW made a prototype of the first three-cylinder engine.


Question: Which other automaker did Auto Union form Audi with?

DKW

This engine did not enter production until after the war, first as an engine for the IFA F9 (later Wartburg), and then in DKW's own production 3=6 or F91 cars.