Question: What was Raoul Walsh's last directing?

Raoul Walsh

Walsh's first sound film was In Old Arizona in 1929.


Question: What was Raoul Walsh's last directing?

Raoul Walsh

During the filming of the film, Walsh lost his right eye.


Question: What was Raoul Walsh's last directing?

Raoul Walsh

In Old Arizona was followed by the Great West Road, shot as a 70 mm film, with John Wayne playing his first major role.


Question: What was Raoul Walsh's last directing?

Raoul Walsh

[1] During the 1930s, careers began to decline, and under his guidance were no longer such successes as in the 1920s.


Question: What was Raoul Walsh's last directing?

Raoul Walsh

[1] Walsh's career took off a new boom when he signed a contract with Warner in 1939.


Question: What was Raoul Walsh's last directing?

Raoul Walsh

Walsh worked for Warner until 1953, making a couple of films a year.


Question: What was Raoul Walsh's last directing?

Raoul Walsh

[2] [1] Warner's years can be considered the best of Walsh's career.


Question: What was Raoul Walsh's last directing?

Raoul Walsh

In those years, Walsh was among the company's most reliable and lucrative directors.


Question: What was Raoul Walsh's last directing?

Raoul Walsh

[3] The bubbly 20s were followed by film noir forensic They Drive at Night (1940) and High Sierra (1941).


Question: What was Raoul Walsh's last directing?

Raoul Walsh

During the war, he directed functional war films such as The Adventurers of the Ilmo (1942) and The Hero of the Redcoats (1943).


Question: What was Raoul Walsh's last directing?

Raoul Walsh

Both films featured Errol Flynn, who played starring roles in several of Walsh's films.


Question: What was Raoul Walsh's last directing?

Raoul Walsh

Of the postwar Warner films, the most notable was the gangster film classic White Glow (1949).


Question: What was Raoul Walsh's last directing?

Raoul Walsh

[1] After Warner, Walsh's career began to decline, and he also made fewer films.


Question: What was Raoul Walsh's last directing?

Raoul Walsh

[2] His last film was the Western film Fortress of Brave 1964.


Question: What was Raoul Walsh's last directing?

Raoul Walsh

After that, Walsh stopped making films due to his vision impairment.


Question: What was Raoul Walsh's last directing?

Raoul Walsh

[1] Auteur Walsh Walsh was “rediscovered” in the 1950s when critics of “Cahiers du cinéma” began to develop the auteur theory.


Question: What was Raoul Walsh's last directing?

Raoul Walsh

They saw Walsh's production as a thematically cohesive whole and elevated him to the ranks of Hollywood's master directors.


Question: What was Raoul Walsh's last directing?

Raoul Walsh

[1] Filmography (assorted) Sources Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) References on topic elsewhere Category:United States film directors Category:American actors Category:Hollywood Walk of Fame Category:American silent film actors Category:Those born in 1887 Class:Those who died in 1980


Question: How many regiments belong to the division?

Military unit

A military unit is an organization within the armed forces.


Question: How many regiments belong to the division?

Military unit

It includes a certain number of soldiers, ships, vehicles or aircraft.


Question: How many regiments belong to the division?

Military unit

The land forces, naval forces and air forces are organized hierarchically into groups of different sizes for operational, tactical, and administrative reasons.


Question: How many regiments belong to the division?

Military unit

Technically, a unit is a unified military organization like a battalion or regiment and its administrative and commanding functions are counted as belonging to the unit level.


Question: How many regiments belong to the division?

Military unit

Smaller organizations namely companies, platoons and groups are basic units while battalions and regiments are corps units.


Question: How many regiments belong to the division?

Military unit

Larger military organizations are conglomerates.


Question: How many regiments belong to the division?

Military unit

The group is a collection of separate units and is capable of independent combat.


Question: How many regiments belong to the division?

Military unit

Order of Military Units Although there are differences in the armed forces of different countries, the majority are based on models of the armed forces of Britain or the United States.


Question: How many regiments belong to the division?

Military unit

The symbols in the following table are used in NATO and many countries not included in this military alliance.


Question: How many regiments belong to the division?

Military unit

SymbolName (maav.


Question: How many regiments belong to the division?

Military unit

) the number of personsDirector of military units (most common military rank) XXXXXXWar Domain Lot2+ Army GroupGeneral or Field Marshal XXXXXArmy Group2+ Army General or Field Marshal XxxArmyLot2+ Army General or Field MarshaalXXXArmy30000+2+ DivisionGeneral Lieutenant-XXDivision10000—200002—4 Brigadier-General MajorxBrigade2000—50002+ Regiments or 3—6 Battalion Colonel or Brigadier-General Regiment2000—30003—4 Battalieutenant-Colonel or Lieutenant-Colonel or Patteristo300—10002—6 CompanyLieutenant-Colonel Company or batter100—3003—6 platooncaptain•••Platoon or Division30—402+ group lieutenant or quarters••Group4—12−sub-officer•Patrol3—5−sub-officer or corporal See also Defence Forces Military rank Category:Military units Class:Key to screening Articles EN:Organic unit


Question: What is the area of Odessa?

Odessa Oblast

Odessa Oblast () is an administrative region in southwestern Ukraine, on the Black Sea.


Question: What is the area of Odessa?

Odessa Oblast

Its capital is Odessa, [1] with a population of 40% of the region's population.


Question: What is the area of Odessa?

Odessa Oblast

It covers an area of 33300 square kilometers.


Question: What is the area of Odessa?

Odessa Oblast

The population of the region was 2395160 at the beginning of 2013, which corresponded to 5.3% of the population of Ukraine.


Question: What is the area of Odessa?

Odessa Oblast

[2] The geographical dimension of the region in the north-south direction is approximately 330 km and 230 km in the east—west direction.


Question: What is the area of Odessa?

Odessa Oblast

The region is bounded on the south by Romania remaining on the other side of the Danube, to the west by Moldova, to the north by Vinnytsja and Kirovohrad regions, to the east by Mykolajiv Oblast and the Black Sea in the southeast.


Question: What is the area of Odessa?

Odessa Oblast

[1] The region was established on 27 July 1932 in the then Soviet Ukraine.


Question: What is the area of Odessa?

Odessa Oblast

The administrative division Odessa Oblast was divided in early 2014 into 26 districts (raion) as well as seven cities directly under the administration of the oblast.


Question: What is the area of Odessa?

Odessa Oblast

[3] Districts are divided into smaller settlements.


Question: What is the area of Odessa?

Odessa Oblast

There are 19 cities in the region, of which seven are directly subordinated to the regional government and 12 are subordinate to the districts.


Question: What is the area of Odessa?

Odessa Oblast

There were 33 urban-type agglomerations and 1124 villages.


Question: What is the area of Odessa?

Odessa Oblast

There are 439 village councils in Odessa Oblast.


Question: What is the area of Odessa?

Odessa Oblast

[3] The largest cities in the region were (2013): Odessa (1014852 as.


Question: What is the area of Odessa?

Odessa Oblast

), Izmajil (73007 as.


Question: What is the area of Odessa?

Odessa Oblast

), Illichivsk (59718 p.)


Question: What is the area of Odessa?

Odessa Oblast

and Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi (50246 p.).


Question: What is the area of Odessa?

Odessa Oblast

[2] Cities Urban districts or cities directly under the administration of the territory are marked with an asterisk.


Question: What is the area of Odessa?

Odessa Oblast

Odessa* (region capital) Ananjiv Artsyz Balta Berezivka Bilhorod-Dnistrovsky* Biljajivka Bolhrad Vylkove Izlmajil* Illitšivsk* Kilija Kodyma Kotovsk* Reni Rozdilna Tatarbunary Teplodar* Južne* Districts in brackets administrative center.


Question: What is the area of Odessa?

Odessa Oblast

Ananjiv District (Ananjiv) Artsys District (Artsys) Balta District (Balta) Berezivka District (Berezivka) Bilhorod-Dnistrovsky District (Bilhorod-Dnistrovsky) Bilyajivka District (Bilyajivka) Bolhrad District (Bolhrad) Velyka Myh'ailivka Ivanivka District (Velyka Myh'ailivika) Ivanivka District ( Ivanivka) Izmajil District (Izlmajil) Kilija District (Kilija) Kodyma District (Kodyma) Kotovsky District (Kotovsk) Ljubašivka District (Ljubašivka) Lyman District, ex.


Question: What is the area of Odessa?

Odessa Oblast

Kominternivske District (Dobroslav, former.


Question: What is the area of Odessa?

Odessa Oblast

Kominternivske) [4] Mykolajivka District (Mykolajivka) Okny District (Okny) Ovidiopol District (Ovidiopol) Ren District (Reni) Rozdilna District (Rozdilna) Savran District (Savran) Sarata District (Sarata) Tarutyne District (Taruryne) Tatarbunary District (Tatarbunary District Ary) Zah'arivkan district (Zah'arivka) Žyrjajeve district (Žyrjajeve) Sources on the topic elsewhere *


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Working time is the daily or weekly time in which he performs work in accordance with his or her duties (effective working hours) or at least, by contract or rule of office, they must be available to the employer at the workplace (nominal working hours) [1].


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

There are international conventions on the maximum length of working hours.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

In Finland, this is currently laid down in the Working Time Act (605/1996), [2], apart from which there are separate laws for some professions.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Under current legislation, regular working hours should not exceed 8 hours a day and 40 hours per week.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

If it temporarily is longer, then it is overtime, for which you have to pay an increased salary.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

In part-time work, working hours are shorter than said above.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Finns have the shortest working week in the EU, according to Eurofound's survey by the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

In Finland, the average weekly hours of full-time work was 37.8 hours in 2011, including possible overtime and absences.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

[3] Out-of-hours time is (at least in terms of working life) leisure time.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

However, leisure time is usually more narrowly understood so that it does not include, for example, time spent on sleeping or household work.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

[4] Normal working hours are normally referred to as time on weekdays from Monday to Friday between 8am and 4pm or 9am to 5pm.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

This corresponds to the time of office of state and municipal agencies as it has been in Finland since the 1960s.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

[5] The same working hours are observed in a number of private workplaces, especially in office work and also in industrial workplaces where technical reasons do not require otherwise.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

In addition to weekends, holidays usually include ecclesiastical holidays, as well as May Day, in Finland, Independence Day, Midsummer's Eve and Christmas Eve.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Previously, working days, though already mostly shortened, were also Saturdays.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

In recent decades, especially in office work, sliding hours have also become more common, in which the starting and end times of the working day are not strictly prescribed but are within certain limits decided by the employee himself, provided that the combined working time for a certain period, e.g. a few weeks within a period of time, there is a certain amount.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

In this case, the employee may accumulate a positive or negative working time balance, which is used to track the so-called working time bank.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

For all workplaces, normal working hours are not suitable, but work must be done at other times, usually as shift work.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

However, in this case, there is an increased salary, according to the law, for night and holiday work.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

There are also job tasks where working time is not specified in the contract, but only requires that some work task performed independently must be completed by the deadline.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

In this case, the working time is up to the employee himself.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

History In the old agrarian society, one could hardly talk about regular working hours in the modern sense.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

[6] The actual time spent on the work varied very much in different seasons.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Thus, in the busiest harvest times, work had to be done practically the entire bright time of the day, while at other times of the year, much less work had to be done.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

In the handicraft professions of the pre-industrial period, the length of working hours was limited, above all, by the length of the bright period, which, although especially in the northern countries, was very different at different times of the year.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

For fire safety reasons, it was generally forbidden to make crafts under the light of a candle.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

[6] Furthermore, working hours were limited mostly by public holidays held on religious grounds.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

In Christian countries, work was generally not done on Sundays or ecclesiastical holidays unless it was quite necessary.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Work on public holidays was also once restricted by criminal provisions for the crime of the Sabbath.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

It was considered particularly important that no work was carried out at the time resulting in noise or other disturbance.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

In Germany, the concept of “Blaue Montag”, which refers to the custom once used in some craft professions to keep not only Sunday, but also Monday as a weekly holiday when the working situation permits.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

In the early days of industrialisation, working hours in general industrial work were very long, often 14 or even 16 hours a day throughout the year.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

[1] However, as early as the 19th century, the labour movement began calling for a reduction in daily working hours to 8 hours, which was one of its main objectives.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

[1] In many countries this was done after the First World War.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

In Finland, for example, a law was enacted in 1917.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

[1] According to it, working hours were not more than 8 hours per day and 47 hours per week.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

A week had to have a continuous period of at least 30 hours of free time, which, if possible, had to be in connection with Sunday.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

If it was at any other time of the week, an increased salary had to be paid for Sunday work.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Even before the 1917 Act, the issue was progressing through collective bargaining agreements.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

On 25 March 1907, Kymin Oy entered into a collective agreement with the Finnish Association of Paper Industrial Workers, which included eight hours of work in three-shift work.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Previously, work had been carried out in 12-hour shifts.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Beginning in 1909, however, this agreement was no longer in force because the employer side refused to enter into collective bargaining agreements.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

The so-called Baker Act came into effect on 1 July 1909.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

It limited bakers' working hours to 48 hours a week.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

[7] The Baker Act had been passed by Parliament on 22 October 1907.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

[8] In the 1930s, the International Labour Conference recommended a reduction in weekly working hours to 40 hours.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

[1] In many countries, this was accomplished in the 1960s.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

In Finland, for example, such an amendment was made to the Working Time Act in 1965 and had to be implemented by the beginning of 1970.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

[9] In practice, this meant at the same time a shift to a five-day working week, when, in addition to Sunday, Saturday is also a day off.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

For example, in Finnish government offices, a five-day working week was observed in the summer months since 1966, as well as from the beginning of April 1969 year-round.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

[10] However, the reduction in annual working hours at one time was not quite as large as could be suggested from the foregoing, because for several years afterwards there was also work on Saturdays on weeks when there was another public holiday in addition to Sunday.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

[10] However, the annual working hours at one time did not decrease quite as much as could be suggested, since even before that, since the late 1950s, working hours had generally been shorter than usual on Saturdays and on the eve of holidays, often 4 to 5 hours [5] [10]) and the normal working week 45- hourly [5].


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

However, when switching to the five-day working week, these reductions were removed for both the Eve Days and the remaining working Saturdays (with the exception of Midsummer and Christmas Eve, which were at the same time entirely agreed to as holidays; previously these had been similarly abbreviated working days.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

[5]) The long working Saturdays of weekbank weeks caused widespread dissatisfaction, which led to the rescheduling of the Epiphany and the Chart to Saturday.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

(However, in 1992 they were restored, but today the working hours are correspondingly shorter in the weeks they happen to be.)


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Trade unions and a number of politicians have called for a further reduction in working hours.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

The goal has been considered a 6-hour working day and a 30-hour work week.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Moving to a four-day working week has also occasionally been suggested.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Reduction of working hours has been justified, inter alia, by the fact that work could be shared among more people to reduce unemployment.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

For example, a general shift to two-shift work has been proposed, where some staff would be on duty from 7am to 1pm, for example, and some from 1pm to 7pm.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Opponents, however, have pointed out that while this arrangement might work, for example in several service sectors, there are still a lot of tasks that are not practically possible to distribute in this way between more people, or at least it would entail considerably additional costs due to the increased need for communication.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

[11] Current legislation The Working Time Act currently in force in Finland dates back to 1996.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Here is the middle content of the law.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

The full text of the law can be found, for example, in the Finlex database and must also be displayed in every workplace.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

In addition, there are special provisions on the working hours of young workers.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

The Act applies, with some exceptions, to employees in employment and also to public authority holders.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

It does not, however, apply: directors of a company, entity or foundation to certain employees of the Church and other religious communities, the work carried out by the employee at home or otherwise in such circumstances that it cannot be considered for the employer to control the arrangements for the time spent on it; with some exceptions in forestry, forest improvement and bathing work for children, family day carers of the employer's family members; reindeer herding; fishing and handling of immediately related catch; works for which working time is provided for by a separate law, with certain exceptions officials of the Armed Forces and Border Guard.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Working hours are the time spent on the job as well as the time the employee is obliged to be available to the employer at the workplace.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Statutory or contractual daily rest periods shall not be counted as working hours if the employee is allowed to leave the workplace unhindered at these times.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Time spent travelling is not counted as working time unless at the same time it is considered work performance.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

The reservation period The employer and the employee may agree that the employee must be available in his apartment or elsewhere in such a way that he or she can be invited to work if necessary.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

The reserve period is not counted as working hours.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

The length of the reserve period and the repetitiveness of the reserve shall not unduly prejudice the employee's use of leisure time.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

When the reserve is agreed, the compensation to be paid must also be agreed upon.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

The amount of compensation shall take into account the limitations arising from the reserve on the use of the employee's leisure time.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

At least half of the time spent on reserve in the employee's apartment must be compensated either in money or equivalent free time given during regular working hours.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

If the reserve is necessary for the quality of work and for very compelling reasons, no public authority or office holder shall refuse it.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Regular working hours Regular working hours are up to eight hours a day and 40 hours per week.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Weekly regular working hours can also be arranged for an average of 40 hours over a period of up to 52 weeks.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

However, for certain tasks listed in the Act, regular working hours may be arranged to not exceed 120 hours for a period of three weeks or not more than 80 hours for a period of two weeks: for the purpose of orderly organisation of work or for employees in order to avoid inappropriate shifts, regular working hours, by way of derogation from paragraph 1, may be arranged in such a way as to exceed 240 hours during the next three weeks or three subsequent two weeks.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Regular working hours shall not exceed 128 hours in either three-week period and 88 hours in any two week period.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

The daily working hours of the driver of a motor vehicle shall not exceed 11 hours during a single period following 24 hours of daily rest.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Where the work of the driver of a motor vehicle cannot otherwise be arranged appropriately, the daily working time may be extended to a maximum of 13 hours if the working time does not exceed 22 hours during the 48-hour period following the extended working time.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

In certain cases, derogate from the above provisions by collective agreement concluded by employer and employee organizations.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Subject to the collective bargaining agreement, the employer and the employee may agree to extend daily regular working hours by up to one hour.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Regular working hours should then level off to an average of 40 hours per week over a period of up to four weeks.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Weekly working hours shall not exceed 45 hours.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

In agricultural work, regular working hours should level off to an average of 40 hours per week over a period of up to three months.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Occupational Safety Commissioners may allow exceptions for jobs where work must be carried out only for certain periods of time.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

By way of derogation from the above provisions and the provisions of regular working hours in the collective agreement, the employer and the employee may agree on a rolling working time so that the employee may, within the agreed limits, prescribe the daily start of his work and the expiration date.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

When agreeing on sliding working time, at least fixed working time, daily slip time, placement of rest periods and maximum accumulation of regular working time overruns and vessels shall be agreed upon.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

In sliding working time, regular daily working time is reduced or extended by the slide time, which can not exceed three hours.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Weekly regular working hours on average is no more than 40 hours.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

The maximum accumulation referred to in paragraph 1 shall not exceed 40 hours.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

The employer and the employee may agree to reduce the accumulation of overruns of working hours by the time off given to the employee.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Reduced working hours The Employment Contracts Act provides for the employee's right to partial care leave.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

If, for other social or health reasons, an employee wishes to work for a period shorter than regular working hours, the employer must endeavour to arrange the work so that the employee can work part-time.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

The employer and the employee shall enter into a contract valid for part-time work not exceeding 26 weeks at a time, indicating at least the length of the daily and weekly working hours.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

If an employee, in order to enter into a part-time retirement, wants to work shorter than regular working hours, the employer must endeavour to arrange the work so that the employee can work part-time.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Reduction of working hours is carried out in a manner agreed by the employer and the employee, taking into account the needs of the employee, as well as production and service activities.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

(26.7.2002/634) Additional and overtime Additional work is work carried out on the initiative of the employer, in addition to the working hours agreed upon by the employer, which does not exceed the maximum regular working hours permitted by law.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Overtime is the work carried out at the initiative of the employer in addition to the regular working hours referred to in paragraph 1.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Overtime may only be commissioned with the individual consent of the employee for each time.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

However, the employee may give their consent for a specified short period at a time if this is necessary for the work arrangements.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Additional work may be commissioned only with the consent of the employee, unless the additional work is agreed in the employment contract.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

However, in this case, the employee has the right to refuse additional work on the days of holidays indicated on the roster for justified personal reasons.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

If the employee has agreed on the reserve, he shall be deemed to have consented at the same time to the additional and overtime required during the reserve period.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Where additional or overtime work is necessary because of the quality of the work and for very compelling reasons, no public authority or office holder shall refuse it.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Unless otherwise agreed by the labour market organisations, overtime may not exceed 138 hours over a four-month period, but not more than 250 hours per calendar year.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Emergency work When an unforeseen event has caused an interruption in regular activities or seriously threatens to lead to such an interruption or endangerment to life, health or property, the prescribed or agreed regular working hours may be extended to the extent specified for the reasons specified require it, however, for a period not exceeding two weeks.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

When calculating the maximum amounts of overtime, emergency work is excluded.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

The employer shall, without delay, make a written notification to the occupational safety authority about the cause, extent and likely duration of the emergency work.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

The employer shall reserve the Trustee, Trust Councillor or OSH representative of emergency workers the opportunity to attach their statement to the notice.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

After examining the matter, the OSHA may either leave it to the notification it receives or take measures to limit or stop emergency work.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Additional and overtime compensation for additional work shall be paid at least equivalent to the salary payable for the agreed working time.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Salary paid for the first two hours exceeding regular working hours per day by 50% and 100% for the following.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

An increased salary of 50% must be paid for hours exceeding the weekly regular working hours.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

For the first 12 or 18 hours exceeding regular working hours, the starting and closing work shall be paid by 50% for the first 12 or 18 hours exceeding regular working hours and 100% of the following hours.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

If the period has been interrupted due to the termination of the employee's employment or that he has not been able to work due to leave, illness or other acceptable reasons, calculate the number of hours the average working time during the unfinished period is eight per day spent at work hours longer.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

The first two average overtime hours of this number of hours must be paid by 50% and an increased salary of 100% for the following hours.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

The salary paid for additional or overtime may be agreed to be exchanged for part or all of the corresponding time off during the employee's regular working hours.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

The length of leisure corresponding to overtime shall be calculated in accordance with Article 22, where applicable.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Leisure time shall be provided within six months of additional or overtime, unless otherwise agreed.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

The employer and the employee must endeavour to agree on the time of leisure.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

If it cannot be agreed, the employer determines the time, unless the employee insists on the payment of compensation in money.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

The employer and employee may also agree that time off as compensation for extra or overtime will be combined with savings leave within the meaning of the Annual Leave Act.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Night work Work that is carried out between 11pm and 6am is night work.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

At the request of the occupational safety authority, the employer shall notify it regularly of the night work he has commissioned.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Night work may be carried out: in periodic work; in work organised in three or more shifts; in work organised in two shifts, but not exceeding 1 o'clock; in maintenance and sanitation of public roads, streets and airports; in pharmacies; work in magazines, news and picture agencies and other media and newspaper distribution work; maintenance and repair work necessary to maintain or work for the regular flow of work carried out in undertakings, entities or foundations; which cannot be carried out simultaneously with regular work at the workplace or are necessary to prevent or limit damage; on peat sites during the peat lifting season; in drying plants; heating greenhouses and drying plants; with the agreement of the worker in urgent sowing and harvesting work, work directly related to calving and sickness treatment of livestock and other agricultural work which, by its nature, cannot be postponed; with the agreement of the worker in bakeries; However, consent for work carried out between 5am and 6am is not required; in work which, by its nature, is carried out almost exclusively at night; and with the permission of the OSH Office and under conditions prescribed by it, in work where the technical quality of the work or other specific reasons require.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

In shift work, shifts must change regularly and change during pre-agreed periods.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Shifts are considered to change regularly when the shift continues for up to one hour in conjunction with a work shift or when no more than one hour is missed between shifts.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

The OSH Office may grant permission to derogate from what is provided for in the first sentence of this subsection.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

According to the roster of work, the employee is allowed to work a maximum of seven shifts of night work in a row.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Night shift means a shift, of which at least three hours are located between 11pm and 6am.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Rest periods and Sunday work If the daily working hours are longer than six hours and the employee's workplace is not necessary for the continuation of work, he shall be given regular rest periods of at least one hour during the shift, during which the worker is allowed to leave unhindered from their workplace.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Rest periods shall not be counted as working hours if the employee is allowed to leave the workplace unhindered at these times.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

The employer and the employee may agree on a shorter rest period, but at least half an hour long.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

The rest period should not be placed immediately at the beginning and at the end of the working day.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

If the working time exceeds 10 hours per day, the employee has the right to maintain a rest period of up to half an hour after eight hours of work.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

If the working time in shift or periodic work is longer than six hours, the worker shall be given a rest period of at least half an hour or an opportunity to eat during the work.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Employees shall, subject to certain exceptions, be given an uninterrupted rest period of at least 11 hours following the start of each shift and at least nine hours during the period, unless the work referred to in Article 14 or during the reserve period is not provided for below. otherwise due.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Where appropriate arrangement of work requires, the employer and the employee representative referred to in Section 10 may agree to a temporary reduction of circadian rest with the employee's consent.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Circadian rest may also be reduced in sliding working hours when the employee decides on the time of their entry and departure.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

However, circadian rest should be at least seven hours.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Certain exceptions have been provided for drivers of a motor vehicle.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Weekly leisure Working hours shall be arranged so that the worker receives at least 35 hours of uninterrupted time of free time, which, if possible, must be placed on Sunday.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Weekly leisure can be arranged for an average of 35 hours over a 14-day period.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

However, free time should be at least 24 hours a week.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

In uninterrupted shift work, free time can be arranged for an average of 35 hours, up to 12 weeks.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Where technical conditions or work arrangements so require, if the employee's consent is required, can be done in a similar manner.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

This may be deviated if regular working hours do not exceed three hours per day, as well as in agricultural farm animal nursing and urgent sowing and harvesting work.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Where an employee is temporarily required for work during his leisure time to maintain the regular flow of work carried out in an enterprise, community or foundation, or if the technical quality of the work does not allow some workers to be fully exempted from work, the provisions on weekly rest may be subject to the provisions on weekly rest deviate.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

In such cases, the worker shall be compensated for the time spent on the work referred to in paragraph 1 by reducing his regular working time for the same period as he has not received the time of free time provided for in Paragraph 31 (1) or (2).


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

The working time shall be reduced no later than three months after the completion of the work, unless otherwise agreed.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

With the consent of the employee, such work can also be compensated by making a cash allowance equivalent to overtime pay in addition to over and Sunday work payments.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Where there is a deviation from the provisions on weekly rest in the nursing of agricultural livestock or urgent sowing and harvesting work, the unreceived weekly leisure time shall be compensated as provided for in paragraph 2.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Sunday work on a Sunday or ecclesiastical feast day may only be commissioned if, due to its quality, it is carried out regularly on the dates mentioned or if it has been agreed by an employment contract or if the employee gives his consent to it separately.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

A 100% increased salary must be paid for Sunday work performed during regular working hours.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

If the work is additional, over or emergency work, it shall also be subject to the compensation provided for therein, calculated from the employee's unincreased salary.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

A roster list shall be drawn up for each workplace indicating the time of the start and end of the employee's regular working hours and the rest periods referred to in Section 28.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

The roster shall be drawn up for the same period as the working time equalisation scheme, unless it is extremely difficult due to the length of the equalisation period or the irregularities of the work carried out.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

However, the roster must be drawn up for as long as possible.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

When drawing up the roster, the worker or the representative referred to in Paragraph 34 (2) shall comply with the requirements of that subparagraph.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

The roster shall be brought to the attention of employees in writing in good time, no later than one week before the start of the period referred to therein.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

After that, the roster may only be changed with the consent of the employee or for a weighty reason related to the arrangements of the work.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Reducing working hours Reducing working hours is out of pay The wage increase thief before some was used to reduce working hours, some to increase pay.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Because productivity growth has slowed, people have wanted to spend the entire increase on wage increases.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Therefore, after 1992, working hours have no longer been reduced in Finland.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

Support for job-sharing plummets if sharing is said to reduce pay.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

[12] Working hours have decreased a lot Average annual working hours in Finland by almost 30% in the 20th century.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

[13] In addition, a man's career used to be 70% of the life cycle, now less than half.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

[12] Life used to be mainly work, now mainly leisure.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

A 6-hour working day a Gothenburg nursing home's trial of a six-hour working day was suspended in 2017 because it became too expensive.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

The nursing home had to employ 17 new workers, costing 12 million kronor, 1.2 million euros.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

[14] Daniel Bernmar, who is responsible for elderly care, still considers that reducing working hours is preferable to spending more when there is enough money, but in the “reasonable term” the general reduction of working hours is quite prohibitively expensive.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

[15] According to Mikko Härmä, Postdoctoral Professor of the Institute of Occupational Health, in experiments, reducing working hours improves health, but costs are the problem.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

He thinks that eight hours of work is still the best option for most: it rhythms the clock most ideally for work, sleep and leisure.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

[14] Reduced working hours in Germany workers have also been transferred to a shorter working day instead of redundancy.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

This has increased the flexibility of the workforce when, as demand demands, companies have been able to increase hours worked.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

[16] According to Economic Messages, the fault of this feature is that the model locks employees into existing companies rather than laying off somewhere and moving the workforce to other sectors.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

This is how creative destruction is prevented.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

[16] Salary increases have been at times in the category of per cent or even negative.


Question: Do all countries have 12 months in a calendar year?

Working hours

[16] See also Annual holiday Working time reduction leave Partial care leave Zero-hours contract Store opening hours Sources References on topic elsewhere STTD, 2017 Yle, 2017 Category:Work Law Category:Work Category:Key articles in screening


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The city of Oulu is the oldest in Northern Finland: it was founded as early as 1605.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Naturally, the history of the Oulu region began long before the city was founded.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Stone Age Stone Age discoveries have not been made in Oulu, as the water completely covered the area.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

At the end of the Stone Age c. 1800 BCE.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

the coast had advanced within the boundaries of contemporary Oulu, but it was still approx.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

15 km from the current river mouth.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

From this period, grave sites and dwellings have been found at Hangaskangas, Peursuo and Halosentörma along the border between the city of Oulu and Muhos municipality, where both Eastern and Scandinavian and even Central European origin have been found. bronze artefacts.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

During the Stone Age and the Bronze Age there was a strong settlement in the Oulujoki area with trade links to the west, south and east.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The Bronze and Iron Age in the Bronze and Early Iron Ages there was still settlement in the area of the river basin of Oulujoki.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

During the Iron Age, settlement along the Oulujoki River and along the coast deteriorated judging by the decline in the number of finds.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

On the other hand, Iron-Age discovery poverty may be partially apparent, and at least Sami settlement may have existed in the Oulujoki watershed throughout the Iron Age.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

In the area of the city of Oulu, Kaakkur, 12 graves, rich weapons and jewellery, have been explored in Kaakkur.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The artifacts link the tombs and the settlement behind them to western, Scandinavian-European cultural contexts.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Kalmisto joins the strong Iron Age settlement of Southern Ostrobothnia.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[1] During the Late Iron Age and the Early Middle Ages, Finns and Hälmen made fishing, trading and taxation expeditions to the north.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Norse wildernesses also moved around the Oulunjoki area since the 8th century, but the busier fishing of the Hälsinglanders in the Bothnian district is probably more lively.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

According to one interpretation, the Vikings are commemorated by the old Varjakka-origin place names of the Oulu region.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[1] From the 12th century onwards, the Oulu region became the subject of Karelian catching and trading trips to the north from the flourishing population centres on the shores of Ladoga.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Oulujoki became the route of passage for Karelians to the Gulf of Bothnia.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

This is evidenced by many settlement names of Karelian origin, such as Oulun Iinatti, which comes from the Orthodox personal name Ignatij, Ignatius.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The Karelian settlement in the Oulu region also tells a document from 1345.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

According to it, Archbishop Hemming of Uppsala baptized Karelians who lived in the Church of Tornio into the Roman Catholic faith as well.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[1] From the Middle Ages to the 16th century, in the peace of Nutäsaari between Sweden and Novgorod in 1323, the Oulu region remained, according to traditional interpretation, as Novgorod region.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Today there is also support for the notion that Northern Ostrobothnia remained an area of shared enjoyment between the two kingdoms in the peace treaty.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

However, as early as 1345 Sweden annexed the territories as far as Kemijoki to the Diocese of


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Ownership of the territory became controversial, and in the following centuries, Novgorodians and later Russians made disposal expeditions as far as Ostrobothnia and Oulu.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Around the year 1375, the first facilities of Oulu Castle were built in the estuary of Oulu.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The 15th century was characterised by repeated invasions of the region by Russians.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The most recent and destructive was 1496, when Northern Ostrobothnia was eradicated from Tornio all the way to Siikajoki.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Houses were burned, populations were massacred and taken as prisoners to Russia.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

After the turn of the century, there were fewer skirmishes.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[2] King Gustav Vasa of Sweden granted Oulu, Kemi, Tornio and Ii permission to operate as trading posts in 1531.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[3] In the 16th century, Oulu was the most important market place in Ostrobothnia.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

During the Long Hatred, the defence of Ostrobothnia was ordered to be organised by Admiral Peter Bagge, Ostrobothnia's commandholder, who was tasked with the construction of a castle on Merikoske Island.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

However, the castle remained an evil log fittings.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

In the Peace of Tokusinä of 1595, Russia recognised Swedish ownership of the territories of the Oulu region.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The establishment of the town and 17th century on 8 April 1605, King Charles IX of Sweden ordered Isak Behm to rebuild the endowment and establish a town on the site.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The following year, the burghers of the city were granted a 10-year tax exemption and in 1610 Oulu received city rights.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The town became a center for the tar and salmon trade.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Residents in the town numbered about 400 people in the early stages.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

However, the burghers of Oulu were not permitted to conduct foreign trade, but had to sell their merchandise to Stockholm and Sweden's Baltic ports and export timber to them and import grain and salt from there to Oulu. Trade in tar, the main export goods, was given in 1648 to a private for the tar company and the town's tar establishment was assigned to be very small.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Industry began to emerge in the 17th century, as between 1617 and 1638 the only auger mill producing rifles in Finland was active in Plaatan Island.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The growth and development of Oulu was very slow throughout the 17th century.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

In medieval times, Oulu, which had been a chapel in Liminga, was separated into its own parish in 1606.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

After the Russians burned the first church in 1590, a new wooden church was built in 1613.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The first pedagogy was established in Oulu in 1611 and in 1682 it was converted into a trivial school.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Halfway through the year, a fire raged in the town on two occasions: in 1652 most of the buildings in the town burned down, down to the bridge that led to the castle.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The 1655 blaze, which originated in the mayor's brewery room, caused lesser damage.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

18th century The next major devastation the town was faced in 1705, when the fire broke loose on two occasions, in June and August, destroying a total of 144 houses.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[4] During the Great Hatred of 1714—1721, Oulu, like the rest of Northern Ostrobothnia, suffered badly from repeated robberies and terror by Russian troops.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

A bourgeoisie guard had been assigned to defend Oulu.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

In March 1715, the Russians burned down the already badly dilapidated Oulu Castle.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The whole of Northern Ostrobothnia became poorer and refugees roamed in the Oulu region in abundance.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[5] The burghers and weathermen from Oulu fled to Sweden's Western Bottom and Stockholm.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

During the war years, five percent of the city's population was taken as slaves to Russia, most of them children.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

One of them was Kristoffer Mikkelinpoika Toppelius, who after years was able to return to his native region.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Kristofer was the paternal grandfather of Zacharias Topelius, and the subject of the Birch and the Star fairy tale.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The family's household, the House of Toppelius still remains in Torikadu.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

With the fires and war of 1705, the city's population plummeted from 1,000 inhabitants at the beginning of the century to 350 people.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[2] With the coming of peace in 1721, the city gradually got back on its feet.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The boom in Oulu began in 1765, when the city gained the tapulitown rights enabling foreign trade.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The wars raging around the world brought tar burning to a new heyday in the 1770s and 1780s.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Transporting tar necessitated a good water route from tar lands to clap town.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

It was formed by Oulujoki and so in Oulu specialized in the tar trade.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The most prominent merchants in Oulu formed a merchant society in the 1770s, which established a tar court on the shores of Toppilansstrami in 1777.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Shipbuilding began to get busy and the burghers of Oulu were engaged in freight traffic as far as the Mediterranean and America.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

At the end of Swedish rule, Oulu was the second most substantial market town in the Gulf of Bothnia.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The seat of the landlord was placed in Oulu in 1775 when the county of Oulu was established.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

A pharmacy was established in Oulu in 1762, a district doctor started in 1773, a city doctor in 1784 and a hospital in 1792.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The stately town hall was built in 1771 and a stone church in 1776.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

At the end of the 18th century, Oulu, with a population of 3000 inhabitants, was the second largest city after Turku, located in the area now belonging to Finland.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The remains of Oulu Castle were finally destroyed in 1793 when lightning ignited the fort's gunpowder cellar.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Today, only ruins are commemorated of the castle.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

19th century A major change in the development of the town occurred in 1822, when a fire destroyed the entire downtown area.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Based on a sketch by Johan Albrecht Ehrenström, Carl Ludvig Engel drew up a checkerboard scheme in 1825, the checkering of which was broken only by the Cities and surrounding parks, and according to which the houses in the centre are still built.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Throughout the 19th century, Oulu was by far Finland's largest tar exporter.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

During the Crimean War of 1854, an English naval detachment burned the ships in the port of Oulu and the warehouse in the port of Toppila — the tar court, causing thousands of barrels of tar to burn.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The English also burned thirty ships of Oulu's merchant fleet, the second largest in the country after Turku.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Ship carvings — varves — were numerous in Oulu, and ships were also made to be exported elsewhere.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Shipping traffic was abundant anyway, over 300 ships could visit the port during the year.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

In 1882, another extensive fire raged in the town.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

In 1886, the Ostrobothnia line was built, connecting Oulu to Southern Finland.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

There was a shift from tar to the sawmill, leather and food industries, and in commerce to modern wholesale and individual trade.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

In 1860, Oulu merchants established a steam sawmill in Iin Kestilä and a sawmill was established in Korkeasaari in 1874, Toppila in 1878 and Varjakka 1900.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

In 1863, Weljekset Åström Oy leather factory was established in Myllytullii.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The first companies in the metal industry were the Oulun Konepaja founded in 1874, the railway machine shop founded in 1886 and the Oulu Iron Industry founded in 1903.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The Oulu wool factory started in 1896.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Electricity was provided for streetlights starting in 1889 by a city-owned steam engine located on Kiikelin Island.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Even before this, Åström's factories and Seuraroom had been illuminated by their own electric plants.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The City of Oulu Electricity Plant was the fourth oldest company in Europe when completed.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[6] The timber industry company Ab Uleå Oy started operations in 1912.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

A marine school was established in Oulu in 1864.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

In the same year, a business school also started operating.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

In the 19th century, the trivial school was transformed into an upper elementary school and a high school was attached to it.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The well-known Oulu Finnish private lyceum started in 1872 and it turned into the Oulu Lyceum in 1883.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Oulun Wiikko-Sanomat, Finland's third Finnish-language newspaper, appeared in Oulu from 1829 to 1869, and the most significant magazine since then became Kaiku, published in 1877—1949.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Elias Lönnrot's Bee began to appear in 1836.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The first half of the 20th century Tar's importance in shipbuilding declined sharply when the town's rebuilt tar door burned in a 1901 fire.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The Tervahov fire thus also ended the time of the Oulu tar burghers.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The streets of Oulu were given their current names in the 1907 city plan.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Oulua was first presented as a higher education site as early as 1917.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

However, the University of Oulu did not start operating until autumn 1959.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

In 1916, a fire raged again in the town, destroying an entire block and providing the final impetus for the establishment of a permanent fire department.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

However, due to the troubled times associated with Finland's independence and civil war, the project did not come to fruition until 1921.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

In total, Oulu has burned ten times in its history.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[7] Armed independence activities in Oulu With the intensified political situation after the turn of the century, opinions became more favourable to armed action in order to achieve independence.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

This happened in more than one stage.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

In 1905, the working people of Oulu and the constitutional bourgeoisie cooperated against the Russians.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

During the Great Strike in November 1905, the town was held by working people and constitutionalists.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[8] The police department, railway station and telegraph were overrun, road links from the town were cut off.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The Russian garrison remained aloof from the events, but gave refuge to the city's gendarmes.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Power in the city passed to the People's Council, half of whose 40 members were working people, half were constitutional.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Order in the city was kept by the National Guard of the People's Council.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The Guard was divided into two sections, the Base Guard for those with military training and the General Guard for the more inexperienced crew.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

At its maximum, the Guard comprised 700 men, though the weapons numbered only 50 unfit rifles.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[9] The People's Council held the city under its administration for a week.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Conflicts arose among constitutionalists and working people already during the strike.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

As the general political situation in the country intensified, the intermediate breach deepened and separate armed organizations for both were soon established in the city.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The Oulu branch of the Power Federation The force federation was established to push for independence by force of arms if necessary.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The Oulu Department was established in December 1905.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Nominally the activities were sports activities, the front organisation was the Oulun General Sports Association.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Weapons The Force received the gun ship SS John Grafton from its cargo, totaling just under a couple hundred rifles and fifty revolvers.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The power union organized arms exercises and sports competitions.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The organization was held together until at least the summer of 1906.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[10] The Oulu Red Guard After the Great Strike in the Oulu Workers' Association, it was decided in late January 1906 to establish a Red Guard.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

There was no rush to make arrangements for the case, as the Chief of the Guard was not elected until July too.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The Red Guard did not play a central role in the activities of the Oulu Workers, due to the large proportion of moderates in the leadership of the movement.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

For example, the local labour newspaper People's Will practically fell silent on the Red Guard's activities.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

After the Viapori Rebellion was defeated in early August, the Guard was disbanded.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[10] 1906—1917: The repressive period and the ice cap movement in Oulu, when the Emperor was defeated in Russia in the pursuit of power, the regime's retaliatory measures began, and in Finland the Second period of repression.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

After World War I ignited, the regime's grip became even tighter: efforts were made to remove Finland's special status


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

In this case, in Finland, the idea of an armed pursuit of independence gave rise to an ice warfare movement that secretly delivered men for military training to Germany, Russia's enemy country.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[11] In Oulu, activists from the ice cap movement were found in both right-wing and working people.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Recruits and frontmen included Esko Riekki, a later bar iceman, and Oiva Rustanius and Erkki Merikallio, both later ice keepers themselves.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

In addition, merchants and other bourgeoisie were involved, but also central figures of the local labour movement: Jaakko Kemppainen, a vateur, and the newsagents Yrjö Mäkelin and Hannes Uksila.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

All were active in the labour movement: Kemppainen's former perennial president of the workers' association, Uksila Youth Department functionary and MP for Mäkel.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[12] The Jääkärikokelaat were first assembled in the editorial staff of the local workers' magazine, Mäkelin and Uksila's workplace, from where they were delivered to Kemppainen's clothing shop and further to Sweden.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Activists of the labour movement also paid off, of 41 Oulu ice heads, nearly half, or 18 men, came from a workers' home.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Some were from the families of the leading figures in the likke, for example Leo Mäkelin and Otto Ahmala.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

However, only five of them participated in the fighting against the Red Guards, the others resigned or were separated from the Jääkär Battalion.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[12] The Russian regime did not consider the illegal assembly of ice keepers by idly.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

A strict and vigorous pro-Russian colonel, Axel Fabian af Enehjelm, was installed as governor of Oulu County in 1915.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Gendarmerie forces were increased and a 2,000-man border patrol was in place for border control.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Despite this, the ice cap movement's advance operations continued.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[12] Civil War 1918 During the Civil War in January—February 1918, armed Guards and Red Guard troops fought battles in Oulu.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The city's 1100-man-strong Russian garrison surrendered without battle to the Whites.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The fighting ended with the victory of the Whites who had received reinforcements from the south.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The total number of fallen was about 60.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Captive were 800 Red Guards who were delivered to the Raat prison camp.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The Russian garrison was kept imprisoned in their barracks until they were delivered to Russia.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

In all, about 1,000 people were incarcerated at various stages in the prison camp.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

By the end of the summer, plenty of 50 lives were killed in the camp, and in addition, a dozen Reds were executed by whites.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The death rate in the Oulu camp was relatively low — about 6%, compared with 15% to 19% in the Raahe camp, for example.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[13] The period between the World Wars in the 1920s focused on housing and modernizing the urban structure.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The plumbing and sewerage system were built, as well as buildings familiar to Oulu people today such as the Triangle House and Tuira Maternity Hospital.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

During the 1920s and 1930s, the port of Toppila was still bustling, but nationwide its importance was small, as freight traffic was concentrated in the major ports of southern Finland.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The main imported products were grain and hides, which were imported as raw materials for industry.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Exports still went almost exclusively timber.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

In 1927, the Indian Water Tower was completed, thanks to the pressure created by which the water could be led directly to the houses.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Pavement paving was carried out in the 1930s when the city organized emergency relief work for the unemployed due to a shortage period. [6].


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The Oulu-Nurmes section of line was completed in 1930, restoring the connection to the east.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The first major pulp manufacturing companies were the sulfite cellulose factory established in 1931 by Toppila Oy and the Oulu Oluimakki cellulose factory was completed in Nuottasaari in 1937.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

During the Winter and Continuation War 1939—1945 Winter War, Oulu was an important accommodation and maintenance city.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The city was bombed two times during the war.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

At the beginning of the war, there was no anti-aircraft defence at all until Flygflottilj 19 volunteered from Sweden, bringing a squadron of two interceptors to Oulu.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[14] During the intermediate peace from summer 1940 onwards German troops were transported through Oulu to northern Norway.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Continuation War and German troops During the Continuation War, Oulu operated training, maintenance and staff centres for both Finns and Germans.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

In Tuira, the Germans built a village of nearly 300 barracks, which was called Little Berlin.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The village of 24 barracks was built in Laanila as a gathering place for the troops.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

At most there were German troops in Oulu over 4000 men, half of which were SS Division Nord troops.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Administratively, the Germans only had power over their own forces, the city was run by Finnish civilian and military authorities.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[15] The port of Toppila was the main supply port for the Germans in Finland, and the entire staff supervising port shipments in the country was stationed in Toppila.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The Wehrmacht Commandant's Office, transferred from Capri in Italy, was based at the Seurroom, that is, the present town hall.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

A maintenance and training centre for SS troops operated near Tuira railway station, with the Isko and Pyykösjärvi areas as training terrains.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

In addition to a Finnish war hospital, the city also housed hospitals for the Wehrmacht and SS troops, operating in several buildings across the city.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[15] The Germans on Hiesaari built an international prison camp for political prisoners, and in addition there were camps for Russian prisoners of war.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Prisoner labour was used in forced labour, for example, in Oulu Oy, at the construction site of the Merikoske Power Plant and when building the Toppilansalmi bridge.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Economically, the presence of Germans meant prosperity for the city; the Germans hired plenty of labor and paid well.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Maintenance of the troops also required ample supplies to be bought from locals.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The city's tax badge remained the same throughout the war.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[14] During the Continuation War, the city was bombed a total of five times.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The major devastation caused by bombing occurred in February 1944, the worst devastation was caused by an 80-90 bomber attack on 28 February.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The bombardment caused only a dozen casualties, but 1,000 buildings were damaged.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Construction damage amounted to around EUR 150 million in current money.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[15] The Germans' new aerial surveillance and fire control radars were of great help in the fight against air.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Lapland War 1944 In accordance with the Armistice Agreement, German troops came to be removed from the country: the Lapland War began.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

A truce line along the Ouluriver and a joint withdrawal plan were established with German forces.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The Germans were to withdraw north of the river no later than 12 October, and from the entire city no later than 14 October.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Part of the deal was that the city would not be razed.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[15] In retreat, the Germans chartered four times the amount of cargo per day from the port of Toppila in Oulu, compared to the normal loading capacity of the port.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

For loading to help their own troops, the Germans produced prisoners of war, and employed the local population, even Finnish soldiers who were on leave.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The Germans knew that not all the goods could be loaded by the deadline, so control was easy and the loss of goods was high when the locals taxed freight.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[15] Combat Division West withdrew, as agreed, to the north of Oulu, behind the Kiiminki River.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The port of Oulu was surrendered on 14 September.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The Germans left in Oulu, among other things, another hundred horse-drawn carriages full of military equipment.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The only incident in the withdrawal occurred when the Finns shot down a two-man German motorcycle patrol moving south of the river after the deadline.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[15] The invasion of Tornio, which started the actual fighting in the Lapland War, was made from Oulu.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

During the war, troop maintenance passed through Oulu; because of the destroyed bridges, Oulu was for a long time the northernmost terminus of the railway network.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[15] During the Lapland War, Oulu was not subject to bombings or other attacks.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

After the wars, the city of Oulu had already made minimal use of the hydropower of the Oulu River in the Myllytulli Power Station built on a side branch of the river in 1903.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

On 1 August 1939, the decision was made to build the larger Merikoske Hydroelectric Power Station.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The first generator at Merikoske Power Station, built partly during the war, went into operation in 1948.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The power station was completed in 1954.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Production at Typpi Oy's factories started in 1952.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Ten people were killed in an explosion at the factory in January 1963 and the 40 metre-high saltpeter warehouse and the granulation tower located next to it were destroyed.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[16] Except for a short production outage caused by the destruction, operations have continued to this day.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Today, the chemical industry is operated by Kemira Oyj factories.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

As early as 1915, Merijal, a confectionery factory had been established in Tuira, whose best-known products were tar lion lozenge (1934) and Pastirol.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

In the 1970s, the plant passed to Rettig and in the 1990s to Leaf, which ceased operation of the plant in 1996.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

In 2007, the site of the mill is being zoned for housing.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Regional aid and other regional policy decisions balancing the differences between southern and northern Finland have played a significant part in the development of Oulunk.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The development of modern Oulu began when a university was established in the city in 1958.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Oulua had already been presented as a higher education site in 1917.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

In fact, the university started its activities in 1959 and the university's activities took off very well: Northern Finnish students were happy to study in the North, when earlier, getting an academic degree required moving to Helsinki or Turku.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The university was established as a safeguard for the development and prosperity of the city.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The Faculty of Medicine, established at the university in 1960, also provided good conditions for the operation of the pharmaceutical industry, and the first products of pharmaceutical manufacturer Medipolar (now part of Orion group) were already on the market in 1962.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Today, Oulu is especially known as a technology city and the economic driver of Northern Finland.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Founded in 1982, Oulu Technopolis was the first technology village in the Nordic countries.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[17] Industrialisation in Oulu, which began in the 20th century, prospered the whole business and soon became overcrowded by the city limits.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

New building land for the growing urban population was obtained by annexing parts of the smaller municipalities surrounding it to Oulu.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

In 1911, Alalaanila was annexed to Oulu, 1917 Tuira,1924 Kurkelanranta, 1938 Koskela, Pyykösjärvi, Hintta and Parkkisenkangas, 1947 Värön-Kastelli district, 1961 Kuivasjärvi, Korvendirect and Myllyoja, 1965 the main part of Oulujoki municipality and Pateniemi from Haukiputa municipality, from which the so-called Oulu municipality was annexed in 1979. Jylky area.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Ylikiming Municipality was annexed to Oulu in early 2009.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

A major annexation took place in early 2013 when Haukipudas, Kiiminki, Oulunsalo and Yli-Ii from the surrounding municipalities were annexed to Oulu.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The area of Oulu then increased by 3,113.04 km² and the population became 191,000.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Some other municipalities were planned to be annexed to Greater Oulu, which did not materialise.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Oulu celebrated its 400th anniversary in 2005.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Population development The table below describes the development of the population of the city of Oulu between 1815 and 1939: Year1815 [18] 1840 [18] 1850 [18] 1860 [18] 1870 [18] 1880 [18] 1890 [ 18] 1900 [18] 1910 [18] 1920 [18] 1923 [18] 1930 [19] 1938 [19] 1939 [19] Population3,5435,0965,7617,0187,9559,70512,66516,30619,80221,33221,78524,18628,02128,670 See also Oulu crystal night Salmon dam Sources Citation replace error, with {{cite book| author = Kai Ala-Häälälä| title = Prisoner of whites.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Oulu Prison Camp 1918| publisher = University of Helsinki | year = 2000| version = Master's Thesis in Finnish History | id = URN: NBN:FI-FE20011131}} Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Aimo Halila| title = Northern Ostrobothnia and History of Lapland IV| publisher = Regional Unions of Northern Ostrobothnia and Lapland | year = 1984| version = Northern Ostrobothnia and Lapland during the Great Northern War and Great Hatred 1700—1721| id = ISBN 951-99561-9-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Gustav Hautala| title = Oulu City history IV 1856—1918| location = Oulu| publisher = Oulu city| year = 1976| accessdate = 14.7.2008}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Gustav Hautala| title = History of Oulu City V 1918—1945| publisher = Oulu city| year = 1982}} Check date values in: | accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Paulaharju Ahti, Oulu Castle.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

WSOY, 1968 Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Vahtola, Troop| title = White City Phases (ed.


Question: What year is the city of Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Julku, Kyösti) | chapter = Oulujokisuu Central Station in the 16th century| location = Jyväskylä| publisher = Historical Society| year = 1987| id = ISBN 951-749-014-3| page = 59—77}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = A. H. Virkkunen| title = History of the City of Oulu I| publisher = Oulu city| year = 1953}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kalevi Rikkinen, Hannes Sihvo, Matti Eskola, Allan Tiitta| title = Finlandia, Otava iso maammekirja 8| location = Keuruu| publisher = Publishing Company Otava| year = 1986| id = ISBN 951-09142-0142-0142 5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Enbuske Matti, Fält Olavi K., Lackman Matti, Onnela Samuli, Rossi Matti, Ukkola Jukka, Vahtola Jous| title = Oulupolis, History of Oulu International| location = Oulu| publisher = Suomenmaa Oy| year = 1999| id = ISBN 951-91-234-74-8}} References On topic elsewhere *


Question: When did Roman Rotenberg become deputy director general of SKA?

Roman Rotenberg

Roman Borisovich Rotenberg (born April 7, 1981, Leningrad) is the son of businessman Boris Rotenberg, a member of the board of ice hockey club Jokers and chairman of the board of directors of the company that owns Hartwall Arena.


Question: When did Roman Rotenberg become deputy director general of SKA?

Roman Rotenberg

In addition, he owns part of the KHL club SKA Saint Petersburg and is the Vice President of Gazprombank (with responsibility for customer activities) [1] and a member of the Board of Directors.


Question: When did Roman Rotenberg become deputy director general of SKA?

Roman Rotenberg

He is an entrepreneur, a leader and a major sports influencer.


Question: When did Roman Rotenberg become deputy director general of SKA?

Roman Rotenberg

Rotenberg is the first deputy general manager of the Russian Ice Hockey Federation, head of the headquarters of the Russian ice hockey national team including analytical and statistical departments; deputy general manager of the board of KHL, deputy general manager and board member of SKA hockey club; Doktor sport company (among others, Vitawin- brand, production and sale of sports nutrition), as well as the founder of other sports marketing, media side of the industry, as well as companies producing sportswear.


Question: When did Roman Rotenberg become deputy director general of SKA?

Roman Rotenberg

Roman Rotenberg holds Finnish and Russian citizenship and speaks fluent Finnish.


Question: When did Roman Rotenberg become deputy director general of SKA?

Roman Rotenberg

In July 2015, he was placed on a U.S. sanctions list meant to oppose Russian policies in eastern Ukraine and the Crimean peninsula.


Question: When did Roman Rotenberg become deputy director general of SKA?

Roman Rotenberg

[2] According to Kommersant magazine, he also holds British citizenship.


Question: When did Roman Rotenberg become deputy director general of SKA?

Roman Rotenberg

[3] Rotenberg spent part of his childhood and youth in Finland.


Question: When did Roman Rotenberg become deputy director general of SKA?

Roman Rotenberg

He dabbled in hockey and matriculated from North Haaga Sports High School.


Question: When did Roman Rotenberg become deputy director general of SKA?

Roman Rotenberg

[4] Life Roman Rotenberg was born in 1981 in Leningrad.


Question: When did Roman Rotenberg become deputy director general of SKA?

Roman Rotenberg

His mother Irina Harase had a good place in the city's trade embassy, Roman's father Boris Rotenberg was a professional athlete, a judoka who won several Soviet championships and taught self-defense at a militia academy.


Question: When did Roman Rotenberg become deputy director general of SKA?

Roman Rotenberg

The paternal grandfather was of Jewish ancestry.


Question: When did Roman Rotenberg become deputy director general of SKA?

Roman Rotenberg

He advanced to manager at the Krasnaya Zarja Telephone Factory in Leningrad.


Question: When did Roman Rotenberg become deputy director general of SKA?

Roman Rotenberg

The maternal father, on the other hand, was Mikko Haranen, an Inger Finnish native of Toksova, Leningrad Oblast.


Question: When did Roman Rotenberg become deputy director general of SKA?

Roman Rotenberg

Boris and Irina had just encountered in Toksova.