Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

He was sentenced for embezzlement to three years in a Quebec prison as prisoner number 6660.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Instead of telling her mother the truth about her steps, she sent her a letter, where she claimed to have found employment as a “special assistant” to a prison officer.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

After being released from prison in 1911, he decided to return to the United States.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

However, he was caught smuggling Italian illegal emigrants across the border.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi was sentenced this time to two years in an Atlanta prison.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

There he became an interpreter for one of the guards.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

The guard used to steal letters from a famous gangster, Ignazio “the Wolf” Lupo.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi became a friend of Lupo's.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

However, as his role model, Ponzi considered another prisoner; Charles Morse.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Morse fooled doctors, claiming he was about to die, and obtained a release order from them.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Symptoms of his illness he accomplished by eating soapy foam.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

After being released, Ponzi eventually headed back to Boston.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

He met his future spouse there, Italian Rose Gnecco.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi did not tell Gnecco about his years in prison, but Ponzi's mother made the announcement in a letter she sent, where she told her about her son's past.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

However, Gnecco decided to stick with Ponzi.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

The couple married in 1918.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi scheme Ponzi worked for numerous different companies before getting the idea to create a list of companies where companies would buy advertising space for themselves.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

This was the same idea developed by others ignorant of Ponzi onwards, and is known as the “Yellow Pages”.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi was unable to sell his idea forward and his company folded soon after this.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi received a letter from a company in Spain a few weeks later.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Inside the letter was an international mail return coupon (IRC), the likes of which Ponzi had never seen before.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

After studying the coupon and pondering the issue, he discovered a weakness in the system, which could, in principle, allow money to be made through coupons.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

The purpose of postal return coupons was to enable customers in one country to send a coupon to another country with a reply request, so that the coupon could be used as payment to mail a reply.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

If the mailing had taken place within the same country, then stamps would have been sent along with the return letter, but official stamps of another country were invalid for payment in another country.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

The IRC was priced according to postage rates in the country of sender, but could be exchanged for stamps of the recipient country, sufficient for postage for the shipment.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

In this way, less had been paid in the country of dispatch than what was received in the recipient country for stamps when they were converted there into money instead of sending a reply.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

The difference was basically profit when operating expenses were deducted from it.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Inflation had reduced Italian postage prices after World War I, when they were calculated in US dollars.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

This allowed IRC to be purchased cheaply in Italy, and could be exchanged in the United States for stamps of greater value.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

The system worked like this: send money overseas, make agents buy IRC coupons there, send IRCs to the US, redeem stamps with IRC for a higher value than what had been paid in the shipper country, sell the stamps for a profit.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi claimed that net profit from this business would have exceeded as much as 400%.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

This was a form of arbitrage, where bought cheaply and sold expensive, which is not illegal.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi asked his friends and acquaintances to support the scheme he invented.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

He offered a 50% return on a 45-day investment.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

He explained that large returns from postal vouchers made such profits easy to achieve.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

He started his own company under the name of the Securities Exchange Company, in whose name he took to market the system.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

The first investors made investments in the Ponzi scheme and received the promised profits.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Word got out and investments started coming in faster and faster.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi hired agents and paid them generous fees for every dollar they brought in to the system.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

By February 1920, the funds received by Ponzi amounted to 5,000 USD, a large sum at that time.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

By March, she had received 30,000 USD.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

The action threatened to explode into hands, and Ponzi hired agents to accept new investments from all over New England and New Jersey.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

During that time, investors were paid hefty interest payments, encouraging increasingly new investors to make investments.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

By May 1920, Ponzi had received an aggregate of USD 420,000.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

He began depositing the money in a bank called Hanover Trust Bank with the hope that his account would one day be so large that he could gain control of the bank.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Another goal was to become its general manager.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

He eventually gained a dominant position in the bank.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

The Ponzi had, by July 1920, amassed millions.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

People mortgaged their homes against investments offered by Ponzi and invested their lifetime savings into the scheme.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Most did not withdraw their winnings, but invested them further in the hope of greater profits.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Although Ponzi brought money in at an absolutely incredible rate, a simple economic analysis would have shown that the activity was carried out at large losses.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

As long as money flowed in, previous investors could be paid with new investors' money, but huge debts were unfolding from promised interest and profits.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi lived a life of luxury.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

He bought a mansion with air conditioning and a heated swimming pool.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

He brought his mother from Italy to the United States in a first-class suite on ocean steam.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

He was a hero in the community of Italians and was praised wherever he went.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Doubts awaken There were already clear signs of Ponzi's eventual downfall.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

A furniture salesman had sold furniture to Ponzi at a time when he could not yet afford to pay for them.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

The vendor sued Ponzi to get his money while Ponzi still had it.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

The suit did not pay off.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

However, it attracted attention and raised the question of how the penniless Ponzi might have become a millionaire in such a short time.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

A mass exodus occurred at Ponzi's company (the Securities Exchange Company) when many investors decided to pull out of its operations.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

The Ponzi paid everyone who demanded their money, and the mass birth stalled.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

On July 24, 1920, the Boston Post published a favorable article about Ponzi and his scheme, followed by a record number of new investors investing in his company.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi was amassing 250,000 USD per day at that time.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Despite the new twist, one of the Boston Post reporters was skeptical of the case and hired investigative reporters to do background checks on Ponzi.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Also, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts (economic community) did his research on him and he met with state authorities the day the Post published his article.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

He dissuaded the authorities from checking his books by offering to stop receiving funds during the investigation; a lucky choice, as proper accounting had not been done.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi's offer temporarily appeased the misgivings of state officials.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Collapse Around this time Ponzi was looking for another target of dealing to get out of the golden trap he had built for himself, but time was running out.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

The Boston Post began a series of articles on July 26 asking tough questions about Ponzi's money-making machine.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Clarence Barron, who was an economic analyst and published a business publication called the Barron's, was contacted by The Post.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

He was due to investigate the Ponzi scheme.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Barron found that while Ponzi offered terrific interest rates on investments, then he did not invest money in his own company himself.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Barron then discovered that to cover investments in the Securities Exchange Company, there would have to be 160 million postal response coupons on the move.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

The United States Post Office, the United States Post Office, cited no mail response coupons purchased in large quantities at home or abroad.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

The percentage gross margin to buy and sell each IRC was huge, but the fixed cost required for purchases and redemption on products, which were bought extremely cheaply and sold privately, would have exceeded the margin.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

(Activity should therefore have been loss-making despite the high margin.)


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

The newspaper stories prompted a mass exodus from the Securities Exchange Company.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi paid $2 million in three days to a crowd that went wild that crowded outside his office.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

He persuaded the crowd, distributing people coffee and doughnuts, and happily told them they had no worries.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Many changed their minds and left their funds in his care.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

There was an inconsistency in Ponzi's cunning.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

He had mobilized a system that was bound to collapse sooner or later.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

He weathered a pile of stacks of cash, but only with the result of running into ever-larger debts.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

From the perpetrator's point of view, he should have gone out of the United States at one particular moment and beyond the reach of the authorities in the country.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Instead, he stayed put and kept paying.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi wanted to appear as honest as possible and, according to his biography, he always hoped to use his increasing fortune to start a new business venture, from where he would get enough money to be able to pay back all the investors and make them rich.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Among the ideas Ponzi supported was to buy for $300 million a U.S. warship and turn it into a floating mall.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

At the same time, patriotism and the economy of the country would have been promoted by filling it with domestically manufactured goods.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

However, this plan was completely unworkable, as were most of Ponzi's business ideas.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

If he had ever had $300 million to pluck out of his out-of-control system, he would have been up to his ears in debt before selling even the first product on his ship ($3 billion by the 2006 dollar value).


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi had urgently hired James McMasters as a consultant to improve his public image.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

However, McMaster soon became skeptical of Ponzi's endless speeches regarding mail return coupons, as well as ongoing investigations.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

He went to the Boston Post calling Ponzi an “idiot on financial matters.”


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

The newspaper offered him $5000 for his report and published a headline on August 2 declaring Ponzi to be irrevocably insolvent.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

On August 10, federal agents raided the Securities Exchange Company and it was shut down.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

The company's premises did not have a large inventory of mail response coupons.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

The Hanover Trust Bank was also closed.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

The Boston Post continued to write its articles.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

In one of them, details of Ponzi's prison stay were revealed and published him smiling in arrest photos taken in Canada.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

By August 13, Ponzi had been arrested and was put on trial for 86 counts of fraud.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi's supporters were furious at the authorities who arrested him.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

17000 people had invested millions in Ponzi (40000 people according to another English Wikipedia article), up to tens of millions of dollars.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Many of those who faced financial ruin were so blinded by faith in Ponzi, or otherwise just unwilling to deny their foolishness, that they still regarded Ponzi as a hero.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Prison and later life Ponzi pleaded guilty on November 1 in 1920.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

He was sentenced to five years in federal prison.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

He was released after three-and-a-half years to face state-imposed charges.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

He was again found guilty and sentenced to nine years in prison.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

[2] Before he could be sent to state prison, he escaped after posting bail and fled to Florida, where he invented a scam involving selling first-rate Florida properties to gullible investors.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Florida authorities soon got there on the Ponzi scam.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

He fled to Texas, where he shaved his head bare, grew a mustache and tried to flee the country as a member of a merchant ship's crew.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

He was caught and sent back to Massachusetts to serve his prison sentence.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Meanwhile, government investigators probed to trace Ponzi's wriggled money patterns to find out how much money he had accepted and where it had ended up.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

They never found out and only concluded that millions had passed through his hands.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi was released in 1934 and was immediately deported to Italy, as he had never become an American citizen.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

[3] His shrewd confidence had evaporated during that time and when he went out of prison, he encountered an angry mob outside it.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

He told reporters before heading out of the country: “I was looking for trouble in my life and I found them.”


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Rose stayed in the country and later divorced her, for she did not want to leave Boston for him.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

However, they continued to send hopeful love letters to each other right up until Ponzi's death.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi tried different schemes in Italy, but nothing really came of them.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

He eventually got a comfortable job in Brazil as an agent for Ala Littoria, the Italian state airline.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

However, during World War II, Brazilians who were determined to side with the Allies discovered that the Italians were using the carrier to cargo strategically important material and closed it down.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi spent the last years of his life in poverty.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

He suffered a seizure in 1948 and died in a hospital for the poor in Rio de Janeiro on January 18, 1949.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

His life had been characterised by one great moment of brilliance, surrounded by strange wild tunings, which inevitably caused him to lose money.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi gave one of his last interviews to a US journalist at a hospital for the poor, telling Bostonians about the experiences they offered: “Even though they never benefited one bit from it, it was still cheap at that price.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

With no evil ulterior motives I had given them the best show ever offered in their area since the pilgrims were admitted!


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

It was lightly worth fifteen million bucks to watch me put the system up.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

“[4] Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Nars, Kari| title= MillionScammers: colorful history of grand fraudsters | location = Helsinki| publisher = January| year=2009| isbn = 978-951-31-6414-0| pages=112-128}} Zuckoff, Mitchell.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi's Scheme: The True Story of a Financial Legend.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

Random House: New York, 2005.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

(ISBN 1-4000-6039-7) on The History Channel.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

“In Search of History: Mr. Ponzi and His Scheme”.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

February 9, 2000.


Question: When was Charles Ponzi born?

Charles Ponzi

(AAE-42325, ASIN 0767016726) References Category:Italian criminals Category:Financial criminals Category:Famous fraudsters Category:Those born in 1882 Category:Dead in 1949


Question: How long is the Indus River?

Ganges

The Ganges (Sanskrit: ग्गा, Hindi: गंगा, Urdu: انیا Ganga, Bengali:) is a major river with its main


Question: How long is the Indus River?

Ganges

It is 2510 miles long.


Question: How long is the Indus River?

Ganges

The river originates in the Himalayas, in the meltwaters of the Gangoti Glacier.


Question: How long is the Indus River?

Ganges

After the Alakananda River connects with it, it flows into the plains of northern India.


Question: How long is the Indus River?

Ganges

In Bangladesh, the Ganges and Brahmaputra merge to form one of the largest estuaries in the world before being lowered into the Bay of Bengal.


Question: How long is the Indus River?

Ganges

The area of the Indus and Ganges River is the fertile Indo-Ganges plain.


Question: How long is the Indus River?

Ganges

Geography The Ganges plateau is predominantly very fertile land, which has created conditions for urbanization and population growth early on.


Question: How long is the Indus River?

Ganges

Today, about ten percent of the world's people depend on water from the Ganges.


Question: How long is the Indus River?

Ganges

[1] However, the Ganges are heavily polluted, and obtaining water for drinking and irrigation is challenging.


Question: How long is the Indus River?

Ganges

The area is also sensitive to natural disasters.


Question: How long is the Indus River?

Ganges

Due to forest logging, monsoon rains often cause devastating floods, as in July/August 2007.


Question: How long is the Indus River?

Ganges

[2] The vast (83000 km²) estuary of the Gangesin-Brahmaputra is afflicted by the flooding of the worst.


Question: How long is the Indus River?

Ganges

Tropical cyclones also wreak massive devastation when they hit the region, as in 1991, when an estimated 138,000 people died as a result of the storm.


Question: How long is the Indus River?

Ganges

Vegetation and fauna The upper reaches of the river in the mountains are 3600 meters downward mountain forest.


Question: How long is the Indus River?

Ganges

Entering the Ganges Valley, forests are reduced to make way for cleared rice fields.


Question: How long is the Indus River?

Ganges

In the Ganges River estuary on the coast of the Bay of Bengal there are dense mangrove forests where, among other things, the Bengal tiger, or Indian tiger live.


Question: How long is the Indus River?

Ganges

Two species of river fishermen, crocodiles and gavials, occur in the river, which are not met anywhere else.


Question: How long is the Indus River?

Ganges

The Ganges of religious significance is a sacred river to Hindus


Question: How long is the Indus River?

Ganges

It is believed to come from heaven and can thus wash away sins if bathed in it.


Question: How long is the Indus River?

Ganges

The most notable pilgrimage site is the Shiva holy city of Varanasi (former.


Question: How long is the Indus River?

Ganges

Benares), where one comes especially for the last pilgrimage before death, as dying in Varanasi is considered to be a shortcut to heaven.


Question: How long is the Indus River?

Ganges

It's the same reason many want their ashes sprinkled in the river.


Question: How long is the Indus River?

Ganges

[3] Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Valpola, Veli (main ed.


Question: How long is the Indus River?

Ganges

) | title = New encyclopedia, part 6 (Ganges) | publisher = Encyclopedia Oy| year = 1961}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Valpola, Veli (main ed.


Question: How long is the Indus River?

Ganges

) | title = New encyclopedia, part 5 (Front India) | publisher = Encyclopedia Oy| year = 1961}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Asko Parpola (ed.


Question: How long is the Indus River?

Ganges

) | title = Indian Culture| publisher = Otava Oy| year = 2005| id = ISBN 951-1-18365-6}} References on topic elsewhere Category:Sacred Places of Hinduism Category:Rivers of India Category:Rivers of Bangladesh Category:Religion in India * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Lauri Allan Törni (since 1954 Larry A. Thorne; 28 May 1919 Vyborg — 18 October 1965, Kham Duc Region, Vietnam) was a Finnish soldier who served in the Army of the Three Countries and a Knight of the Mannerheim Cross.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

He served in the Finnish Army as a Captain, in the Waffen-SS Corps of National Socialist Germany from 1941 as an Untersturmführer and 1945 as a Hauptsturmführer (Captain), and in the United States Army as a Captain from 1960.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Thus, during his life, Törni became an accomplished on the battlefields in the armies of three different countries with the rank of captain.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

He died in a helicopter crash in the Vietnam War and was posthumously promoted after his death to major in the United States Army.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

In 2010, Törn was named an honorary member of the 1st Regiment by the United States Army Special Forces.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[1] In December 2006, Törni was chosen in a reader vote by the Finnish Soldier magazine as the most courageous of the Knights of the Mannerheim Cross.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Swedish metal band Sabaton has scored the song “Soldier of 3 Armies”, which is about Lauri Törni.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Background and youth years Lauri Törni's parents were Saivuri Hjalmar (Jalmari) Törni and Rosa Maria, o.s. Kosonen.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The family's firstborn son had died in June 1918 of smallpox.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Two daughters were born into the family after Lauri, Salme Kyllikki (1920—2010) [2] and Kaija Iiris (1922—2001) [3].


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Father Jalmari served as captain of the small cargo ships of Sugar in Finland.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The Törns lived in Vyborg in the Hieta district in a house they bought from chariot master Hägglund.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The chariot master was the father of Icefer General Woldemar Hägglund and grandfather of General Gustav Hägglund.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The three-storey house had 16 rooms, some of which the Törns rented to outsiders.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

One tenant was the brother of Olympic boxer Sten Suvio, father of artist Aira Samulin.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[4] Called Lasse [5] Lauri joined the patron boys of Vyborg, sisters Salme and Kaija again became the Girl Scouts.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

In the patronage of regional chief and captain Erich Arnicken, the boys were given sports and physical education in addition to military training.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Lasse was admitted to the Vyborg Real Lyseo and worked in Starckjohann's hardware store during the holidays.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

In 1936 he enrolled in the Commercial Assistant School, but the subjects were nonetheless disinterested and he had enough after a year.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[6] Mott Battles Törni volunteered for the army in the 1938 call-ups and entered service on 3 September of the same year.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

He served in the Machine Gun Company and was sworn in his military oath on 8 October.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

In December, Törni was admitted to the sub-officer school and from 1 April he was seconded to the Veterinary Officer School.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Conscript time in Jääkär Battalion 4 ended on 16 November 1939, but due to the threat of war, financial corporal Törni was forced to re-enter service the following day.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[7] In the Winter War, Törni served in Lieutenant Colonel Martti S. Nurmi's Jääkäribattalion 4, which was called Hiipija.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The battalion was moved to the northern bank of Ladoga in the 13th Division area as an attacking unit.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

It suffered heavy crew losses in January 1940, and the battalion commander perished in a car accident early in the war.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The next commander was wounded and perished from blood loss in a field hospital.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Major Matti Aarnio, who later gained the nickname Motti-Matti, was assigned as the new commander.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

In late January, there was a fight over ownership of Pukitsanmäki, which controls the Koivuselä terrain.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The enemy was encircled in the mots of the Regiment and Kitelä.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

From behind its lines, the battle site was also approached by the Separate Battalion 8 of Jääkär Captain Artturi Nikula, aliases named “Seinälukki”, with which contact was to be made.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Törni volunteered for his first patrol behind enemy lines.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The lines were field fortified and enemy assault wagons patrolled the area as well.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

In the darkness of night, the Törn patrol made it through enemy positions and arrived at Seinäluk base as far as the battalion's command tent.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Captain Nikula wondered how they had gotten past the battalion's own sentries.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Törni returned with his patrol back at 8 a.m. and reported the position of enemy positions and ErP 8.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The enemy received an artillery and mortar raid on their necks.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The next night, the Finns went on the offensive.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Törni, who showed his ability, was seconded as head of a diversionary patrol.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

He was then assigned to the Reserve Officers' School (RUK).


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Before the start of the RUK, Major Aarnio assigned Törn as company chief of the Swedish-speaking Separate Battalion 18 in connection with the takeover of the West Lemet mot, as the company's officers had been wounded.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Törn's military rank was, for prestige reasons, an officer pupil.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The Finnish attacks to destroy western Lemet had been fruitless, but now the motti was cut in half and the enemy destroyed.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

It was from these battles that Törn's reputation took its start thanks to war correspondents.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[8] On 5 February, Törni was seconded to RUK's course 45 Niinisalo.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

There he was assigned to the Machine Gun Platoon.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The Winter War ended on 13 March while Törn was still in RUK.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

As an officer coke, Törni served in Infantry Regiment 12 in Estolahti and on 9 May he was promoted to Vänrik.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Lauri Törni found his first love in Virolahti, a matriculation working in the regimental canteen and lota Ilona Oesch, niece of General Lennart Oesch.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[9] Towards Petrozavodsk, Finland was recruited in the spring of 1941 into an SS battalion to fight in the German ranks with the SS Division at Wiking.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

From 6 June 1941, Törni was enrolled with the Finnish battalion of the Waffen SS in Nordost.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Törni did not speak German and, according to those present, also appreciated the German type of lavish and pointless “pockering”.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The lack of officer invasion led to her returning to Finland on 30 July 1941.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

On 8 August 1941, Törni aspired and qualified as platoon leader in Lightweight Section 8 led by Mountemaster Lars Rönnquist.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The detachment belonged to Major General Frans Uno Fagernäs's 1st Division, which fought at Aunus.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Törni was able to lead first a machine-gun and then a tank platoon.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The general offensive of the Karelian Army began on 4 August towards Petrozavodsk.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Törn's tank platoon and also an armoured car platoon led by Ensign Kosi Paukkala, who had returned from Germany, cleared the way by driving in front of the attacking section.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

However, due to their poor ground mobility, the tanks were unable to track the movements of the department.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Törni's platoon was subjected to Lieutenant Colonel Paavo Susitaipale's Infantry Regiment 29, which belonged to Colonel Kaarlo “Kylmä-Kalle” Heiskanen's 11th Division.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The division advanced towards the battles of Prasä, and from there via Matrossa to the main road leading to Petrozavodsk.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The Törn Panzer Division assisted the advance of the infantry by destroying enemy colonies.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

In Petrozavodsk, overrun by the Finns, Törni reunited with his old crush Ilona Oesch, who served as victualling lotto.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The meeting fell short as the Finns continued their attack through Kontupohja to Karhumäe.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

During the Battles of Karhumäki, Törni was forced to surrender his carriage to the 1st Jakeer Brigade, commanded by Major General Ruben Lagus.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[10] The Finns had achieved their objectives in Aunus and the war of positions began.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

In January 1942, Törni was assigned as platoon leader of Lieutenant Colonel Motti-Matti Aarnio's Infantry Regiment 56.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Törni was seriously wounded after skiing on a patrol trip to a mine during the night of 23 March 1942 in Malu.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

He suffered shrapnel injuries to different parts of his body and he was partially paralyzed.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

In March 1942, he was promoted to lieutenant.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

He returned from Seinäjoki War Hospital having been promoted after midsummer 1942 to his former department as Chief of 1st Company.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Scouting Törni was an avid scout man.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

In late March 1942, Törni embarked with Ensign Urho Mölsä and Submachine Gunman Asser Uusi-Jaakkola on a self-intensive interception trip, because of the possibility of extra vacation days for enemy prisoners.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The interception was not successful, but on the way back, Törni skied in a snowtail to the trap wire of a Finnish plumbing mine and was wounded.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Surviving invulnerable, Mölsä and Uusi-Jaakkola moved Törni into the perch and pulled him back into the Finns side.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[11] Törni was admitted to the field hospital in four hours.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Shrapnel was found in his right thigh, right hand and elbow joint.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

He was transferred to the Vaasa War Hospital, where he recuperated until almost midsummer.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Törni was admitted to recovery leave from which he did not return.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Authorities informed Infantry Regiment 56 that Lieutenant Törni had disappeared while on leave.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The response from the regimental staff was that Törni has been on the front line for a longer period of time.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Törni had run away from holiday to the front.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The incident sparked hilarity on the front and elsewhere.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The regiment was stationed on the Isthmus of Maaselä and was traversed by the Stalin Canal starting at Povenza on the northern shore of the Stonen.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The Chief of the Guerrilla Company In January 1943, it was decided to establish two guerrilla companies in the 1st Division, which for concealment purposes were called the Iceman Companies.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Törni was assigned as chief of the 2nd Guerrilla Company.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

A rigorous training phase followed.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

In the spring, Törn guerrillas made several short patrol trips to the enemy side.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Attempts were made to bully the enemy out of the bases, usually without success.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

In April, the guerrilla companies were broken up and in June a Partisan Anti-Partisan Division was established in the 1st Division, with Törni assigned as commander.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The department conducted patrol expeditions, organized ambushes and built mineouts, searched for desants, and secured terrain behind the lines.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

In December, Törni received orders to establish an Icefer Company of about 150—160 men from volunteer fighters, with the hull of the anti-desant division in the Partisan Anti-Partisan Division established in June and the earlier 1 D Icefer Companies (JR 35) and JR 56) the men who served.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[12] [13] Thus Department Törni was born and its official founding date was 3 December 1943.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[14] The emblem of the Jääkärikikomppania became an emblem designed by Olavi Mannose, a Jääkäri of Törn with a yellow lightning strike through the red letter T in the blue triangle [15].


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Detachment Törn became a kind of “operational fist” of the division commander, whose crew were required to have good physical fitness, the military skills of the master class and mental endurance.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Törn's reputation was tough in Finland and the Soviet Union too.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[16] “Bring Törni alive or dead, we will pay three million Finnish marks for him,” Tiltu of Moscow announced in the ether.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[17] At the turn of the year, the company was stationed at Jouhivaara on the southern shore of Seesjärvi.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

In February, a tall man from Turku, Mauno Koivisto, the future President of the Republic, arrived in the company.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[18] The Soviet 33rd Ski Brigade and Infantry Regiment 55 had been stationed on the northern shore of Lake Sees.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The Soviets constantly sent strong patrols to harass the Finns.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

On the night between 16 and 17 March, Red Army troops, with a battalion-strong detachment, attacked the southern shore of Seesjärvi and laid siege to the Finns base.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Department Törni was alerted to the scene, which with its counter-strike cleared the situation.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Of an enemy detachment of about three hundred people, 82 men fell and 32 were taken prisoner.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The spoils of war became 58 submachine guns, five flamethrowers, two sprint rifles and, among other things, 115 pairs of skis.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[19] The second Degtjarev “Emma” sprint rifle was received by Koivisto, a jockey involved in the attack.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Of Törn's men, eight fell and eleven were wounded.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The commander of the II Army Corps, Lieutenant-General Paavo Talvela, conveyed Commander-in-Chief Mannerheim and his own thanks to the troops.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

In particular, thanks were directed to the Jäkärike Company and Lieutenant Lauri Törn.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[20] Following the beginning of the Soviet Grand Offensive in June, Törn's Jakeer Company was forced to take charge of the entire Jouhivaara Block when Separate Battalion 14 was transferred to the Karelian Isthmus.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[21] In one counter-strike, the company destroyed 60 enemy troops.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[22] Detachment Törn was needed on 5 June further south north of Säämäjärvi to repel two advancing enemy regiments.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

During almost two days of fighting, Törn's detachment produced the losses of hundreds of men to the enemy.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

In these battles, the Jääkäri Company lost 31 men wounded, fallen and missing, including three officers.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[23] The Mannerheim Cross and the End of Warring in Finland, Törni was appointed Knight Number 144 of the Mannerheim Cross on 9 July 1944.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[24] “Lieutenant Törni has innate leadership ability, cold-blooded and resourceful,” wrote 1.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Division commander Major General Uno Fagernäs Mannerheim Cross during his presentation on 23 March 1944.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Says in his reasoning.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[25] “In the Winter War and the present war, he has on many occasions shown special valor, skill and advisability.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[26] By virtue of his courage and enthusiasm, he has instilled a brilliant fighting spirit throughout his department and has thus personally contributed considerably to the conditions for combat.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[27] Fagernäs's performance as a knight did not yet produce the desired result.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The renewal motion for the appointment of a knighthood was made by Major General Einar Mäkinen, commander of the II Army Corps, on 8 July 1944.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

In his reasoning, he refers to Fagernäs's performance as added in some respects, as well as stating, “it is desirable that Lieutenant Törni should be allowed to carry the Mannerheim Cross, for his fabled happiness cannot always continue”.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[22] It was only after this replay that the commander-in-chief appointed Törn a knight already the next day.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The Commander-in-Chief justified his appointment decision: “Lieutenant Törni has excelled during this war as the head of the Jaeger Platoon and Company on many combat and long-distance patrol expeditions and, over the past two years, demonstrated that he possesses the best combatant and resourceful guerrilla commander Features.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

“[13] [22] Törni was promoted to captain on 28 August 1944.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The armistice between Finland and the Soviet Union went into effect from 4 to 5.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

on Sept.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Törni was demobilized on 4 December 1944.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[13] In October 1944, Törni hid a number of weapons in Eno's raven forests with Arvo Männistö in case the Russians had occupied Finland after the Intermediate Peace Treaty.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[13] The Törnin—Männistö weapons cache was made on the initiative of Törni, without any connection to the actual weapons cache case.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The men took three boxes of guns, eight boxes of ammunition and 36 hand grenades into the woods.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Included was Mauno Koivisto's personal weapon, the Degtjarev sprint rifle.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Arvo Männistö revealed the weapons cache to the authorities in 1993.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The sprint rifle Mauno Koivisto used in the cache ended up in the War Museum.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

After discharge, he initially lived with his parents in Vaasa, where he met one of his comrades who served in the SS troops, Jalo Kolmu Korpela.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Finnish SS men were not qualified for the Lapland War due to the military oath they had given to Germany — which, although Törn, had not been sworn in.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Germany's 20.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The Mountain Army eventually had to be driven from Lapland fighting and pursuing, with the last Germans disembarking from Kilpisjärvi to the Norwegian side on 27 April 1945.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[13] Moving to Nazi Germany and sentencing for treason, Kolmu Korpela asked Törn to meet with Arthur Björklund, who was a representative of the resistance movement founded by the Germans in Finland when the brotherhood was broken.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Törni and Korpela met Björklund in Vaasa at Restaurant Central.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

With the intention of providing men with sabotage and resistance training at the base of Sonderkommando Nord, part of the German intelligence service, the Resistance Movement was quietly trying to recruit Finnish officers.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

If the Soviet Union were to occupy Finland, the resistance would take up arms, assisted by Germany.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

After training, Törn was to serve as a trainer for other resistance men in Finland.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

At that time Finland was waging the Lapland War against Germany, so the offer meant moving to the enemy side.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[28] [29] Under German intelligence training, Törni took up the offer and boarded a German submarine on the night of 22 January 1945 on the open sea off Kristiinantown, where they journeyed by fishing boat from the small village of Blacksnäs.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[30] In Heringsdorf, Germany, Törni arrived on 28 January 1945.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[31] The pre-period of training began the next day and lasted almost a week with 14-hour lessons, which continued with the two-week leadership training in Stettin.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[31] From Stettin, Törni returned back to Heringsdorff, where he received instruction as an assistant to a staff officer along with four other Finnish SS officers.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[32] Törni continued his studies together with other Finnish SS officers in early April at the SS-Jagd Verband supplementary course in Neu-Streliz, which unexpectedly lasted only a week.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[33] After returning from Neu-Streliz to Heringsdorf, the Finns were told that they would be sent to their areas of operation in Sweden, Finland and the Soviet Union.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

While waiting for further action, they resumed their espionage and intelligence studies, which were interrupted when retreating German troops swooped on the island of Usedom.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The premises of the Sonderkommando Nord Golf Casino in Heringendorf had to be handed over to the front force HQ and Törni was evacuated with others to Flensburg near the Danish border.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[34] Before leaving, new passports were distributed to the Finns, where Törni was named Auli Haapalainen.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[34] The evacuation of the Sonderkommando Nord from Heringendorf to Flensburg took five days by train, which from Törn and his partners went on a drunken basis, as the staff's liquor storage was loaded on the same wagon.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The men were caught for their drunkenness but survived with impunity.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

From Flensburg, Lieutenant Commander Alexander Cellarius ordered the Finns to change their civilian suits and travel via Denmark to Norway, where they were to report to SS-Hauptsturmführer Jouko Itälä or Lieutenant Arvid Ojast (formerly of Valpon chief detective).


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Before embarking on the journey, the Finns attended a quick wedding where their superior, Cellarius, was officiated with Miss Helsingius, chancellor of the espionage staff.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[35] The group's journey to Norway did not go as planned; they were forced to dodge troops returning from Denmark to Germany and eventually the Allied forces that had landed in the area between Cuxhaven and Hassum.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

They were forced to return to the Kiel Canal, from where they began a new journey towards Norway.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Encountering British paratroops, the Finns shared their cover story that they had worked in Germany for the military industry and had just escaped from the Flatow assembly camp.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Furthermore, the men reported that they wanted to join the British in order to fight the Germans, but to this the British commander did not agree, as Britain was at war with Finland.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The Finnish contingent was ordered to continue their journey to Denmark and report to the local military police.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The group obeyed the order and the Danish military police transported them to Åbenråho, where handed the men over to the Danish State Police.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

After interrogations, they were transferred to Copenhagen, where they obtained contact with the Finnish consulate and the necessary documents to move to Malmö on the Swedish side.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

From Malmö, they travelled further to Oslo, where they reported under orders they received from Cellarius at the base of the Marinestadt Stadtpolizei.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

From here the men were commanded to an SS company formed of Finns operating in Norway, on whose headquarters Törni was stationed.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[36] According to the interrogation report carried out by the state police, Törni was not involved in the group that travelled to Oslo.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Instead, Törni heard about it from SS man Kaj Laurell, who reported that the men also hid more than ten million then Finnish marks taken from SS-Politzei's treasury at the Swedish-Norwegian border.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[37] According to Törn's claim, he wanted training from Germany to act on behalf of the government if necessary, and when the Germans demanded espionage activities from him, he refused and was forced to the front, thereby acquiring himself as a prisoner by the Allies.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Törni reported that he was aiming for British troops to fight.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[38] Last stages in Germany There are different accounts of the final stages of Törn in German service.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

According to one version judged unlikely, Törni would have gone to the Russian front to command a German Marine battalion and after fighting there would have eventually surrendered to American and British forces with his men.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[39] According to the second account, Törni would not have had the opportunity to fight, but would have been arrested by an American soldier and his Finnish comrade, and that he would have escaped from a British prison camp a week after the end of the war and went to apply via Denmark to Norway and eventually to Finland.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[39] According to a more recent account, Törni, who had received the rank of Hauptsturmführer on 15 April 1945, encountered in northern Germany with his SS brothers in arms Kolmu Korpela and Juhani Sarasalo the forces of General Wilhelm Steiner.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The Western Allies and the Soviet Union were already facing each other.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

In the fighting, Juhani Sarasalo found himself separated from the duo.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Törni assembled a contingent of German soldiers to fight against the Red Army near Hagenown military airfield, and after getting a group together, Törni surrendered to the Americans despite the Soviets protesting.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

After a week, Törni and Korpela were handed over to the Britons, who had been given control of the area.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Eventually, Törni and Korpela simply walked out of the unattended prison camp and returned to Finland with false personal information in July 1945.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[40] According to Anu Vertase's thesis, Valpo determined that Törn had returned from German sabotage and espionage training while still in Finland, but when Germany collapsed, was again in Germany, where he was in a British prison camp.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Törni escaped from the camp and fled to Denmark, from where he was returned via Sweden to Finland in the summer of 1945.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[41] According to the works of Kallonen and Sarjase, it is impossible for Törni to have travelled back and forth between Germany and Finland.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Returning to Finland, Törni returned to Finland in the summer of 1945.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Red Valpo arrested Törni in Turku, but he ran away during the transport.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Valpo arrested Törni from his apartment in Helsinki during a home inspection on 12 April 1946.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Törni was placed in protective custody and later prosecuted.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Törni was found guilty of treason and illegal crossing of the border, as well as losing his civil trust for four years.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Although Valpo was infiltrated by communists, the Turku Court of Appeal was not the Supreme Court.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

On 10 January 1947, the Turku Court of Appeal sentenced him for treason to six years in a discipline room, which was the minimum term for treason.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The Supreme Court upheld the sentence on May 21, 1947.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The basis for the conviction was enlistment in enemy service after a state of war began between Finland and Germany (15 September 1944), and participation as a proxy in the creation of a pro-German resistance movement in Finland.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[13] [39] In July 1947, Törni escaped from Turku County Prison, assisted by a guard, but was caught in Oulu on 31 July while en route to Sweden after a colourful escape.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

He was arrested along with his former SS buddy Uuno Veli Korpela.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[13] Törni was released as early as 1948 on probation, which would have lasted until 1953 had he not been pardoned by President Paasikivi on 23 December 1948 for parole.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[13] [41] The Finnish military rank of Törni was removed from the list of officers by President of the Republic J. K. Paasikivi on 6 October 1950 on the presentation of General Aarne Sihvo, commander of the Defence Forces.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

However, the decorations were not revoked.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The case has sparked debate.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The rank of military could be forfeited under Section 14a of Chapter 2 of the RL in a situation where the accused was sentenced to lose his civil trust.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Part of Törn's treason conviction was loss of civil trust, which, under the legislation of that time, automatically included the loss of military rank as well.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Törni had regained his civil trust two years earlier in connection with an amnesty.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Military rank is not specifically mentioned in the verdict or pardon.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

According to the Ministry of Justice, Törn had not been reinstated in the amnesty as this should have been applied separately.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The removal from the list of officers was, in the view of the Justice Department, merely a practical measure with no legal significance.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[13] [42] Sweden, engagement, America Törni decided to leave for Sweden, where before him several armaments had fled.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

They have later been called Marttinen's Men after their beakman, Colonel Alpo Marttinen.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Törni crossed the border at Tornio with his old fellow officer, Lieutenant Holger Pitkäsen, under cover of another person's seaman's passport.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The journey continued by rail towards Stockholm, near which fellow officers lived e.g.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Countess Wera von Essen noticed at Skokloster Castle.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[43] In Sweden, Törni became engaged to Marja Kops on 1 January 1950.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

For the aforementioned occasion, Törn's gun suit from Finland to Sweden was smuggled by his future wife.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[44] Since then, Marja Kops was very underneath after Törn travelled slightly after the wedding from Gothenburg on S/S Bolivia first to Venezuela, from where she travelled further to the United States.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[45] After waiting her time, she eventually married a Spanish doctor.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Marja Kops died in 2000 tragically in a car accident.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

He had already learned of the 1999 search in Vietnam at the site of a helicopter crash and had written an obituary for the possible funeral of his former fiancee.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Department Lauri Törni Heritage Guild representative read the obituary in accordance with Marja's wish at a funeral service in Arlington (Virginia, USA) on 26 June 2003.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[46] Törni arrived in La Guaira in the outer port of Caracas, Venezuela, where he was met by Colonel Motti-Matti Aarnio.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[47] In Caracas, Törni received Pest in late summer 1950 aboard the Norwegian cargo ship M/S Libre Villa, whose destination was the United States.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

In the Gulf of Mexico off the city of Mobile in Alabama, he jumped into the sea and swam ashore.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Törni got to New York City, where, with the help of the Finns who lived, he got jobs as a carpenter and a cleaner, among other things.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

In August 1953, Törni received a residence permit and in January of the following year he enlisted in the United States Army.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

He was a 35-year-old rookie.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Törni received basic training at Fort Dix in New York State, mountain and cold weather training at Fort Carson, Colorado, and in September 1954 parachute training at Fort Benning, Georgia.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Törni received basic special forces training at the garrison of Fort Bragg, North Carolina.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

In April 1955, Törni was promoted to corporal and on July 26 he became a U.S. citizen.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Lauri Allan Törni changed his name to Larry A. Thorne.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

In November, he was promoted to sergeant.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

In 1956, on the recommendation of Alpo Marttinen, Thorne was seconded to the Signal Officer Course at Fort Gordon, Georgia.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

After graduating from the course, he was promoted to lieutenant.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Starting in the spring of 1957, Larry Thorne served as an officer of the 11th Immigration Division at Bad Tölz in the Federal Republic of Germany.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

He continued his military career in Germany through the ranks of the 10th Special Forces Group, completed the Italian Alpine Icefer School and exhibited special forces activities in the training film “Phantom Soldiers”.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[48] In 1962, a US Army de Havilland Otter aircraft carrying reconnaissance equipment crashed in the mountains of northern Iran in January.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The primary mission, under the order, was to find the plane's crew.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Two mountaineering teams, an Iranian and a West German, were sent to the crash site at an altitude of 4,300 metres in the Zagros Mountains, which failed.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

In June, it was the turn of U.S. Army Special Forces and Captains Larry Thorne, as well as Herbert Schandler, as leaders of two A platoons.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Thorne made it to the scene with eight men.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Thorne's men found the wreckage and the bodies of two crew members nearby.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Some of the equipment was lost, Thorne recovered the rest and blew up the wreckage of the plane.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Later, a third body was found at the scene.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[49] Vietnamese in Vietnam Thorne fought on two occasions.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

On his first deployment, Thorne was first stationed at Chau Lang Base, where he established a new base at Tinh Bien.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

These were located in the southern part of Vietnam near the border with Kampuchea in the area of the so-called “Seven Mountains” and were, thanks to the effective action led by Thorne, “a thorn in the Viet Cong flesh of the Vietnamese National Liberation Front”.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

In December 1964, Thorne returned to Vietnam, serving in Phuoc Vinh, Phu Quoc Island and Nha Trang.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

In October of the following year, Thorne took part in a secret Shining Brass operation to locate a Ho Chi Minh supply road used by Viet Cong guerrillas.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The original departure date was moved because the weather was rainy, foggy and the mountains were covered in clouds.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

After the weather improved briefly, an operation was initiated and a patrol led by Sergeant Charles Petry was lowered into the operational area.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

A CH-34 Kingbee helicopter carrying Törn was left waiting in the area for the patrol to acknowledge.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Upon receipt of the acknowledgement, the chopper headed for the return trip.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

At dusk and under very bad flight weather, Thorne's helicopter crashed into the mountain wall and was destroyed.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[50] The searches were fruitless, and Larry Thorne was found missing by a date of October 18, 1965.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

On 19 October 1966, Thorne was pronounced dead.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Törni was not declared dead in Finland, but his father and two sisters organised a memorial service for him at Restaurant Laulumieh in Helsinki on 12 February 1967.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Standing in the honour guard at that time were the brothers in arms of Section Törn, who organised arms evenings in later years.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

It is reported that Mauno Koivisto had once left JR 56's party with other Törni men and responded to the trolling of others: “Törni's crew have never informed the others where it is going.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

“[13] The forward air controller plane (FAC) O-1E “Birddog” was also lost on its return flight to Danang with its crew of two.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The Tinh Bien base was also visited by author Robin Moore, who went through special forces training, whose success book Green Beret is considered to be Lauri Törn as the protagonist of “Sven Kornie”.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The book has been made into a film The Green Berets (1968), in which John Wayne plays the main character, Colonel Mike Kirby.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The realized manuscript is quite far from the text of the book.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

James Whitener, who was part of Törn's department in Vietnam, has in turn convinced Moore's book is extremely close to the truth.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[51] Searches The United States Joint Task Force Full Accounting Division is tasked with searching for missing soldiers.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Another thousand American troops remain unaccounted for from the Vietnam War alone.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

In 1998, the Törn sisters received information that the Full Accounting department had possibly found the site where Larry Thorne's helicopter was destroyed.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

According to one resident of the village of Phuoc My, who was hunting, there was an unknown helicopter wreck up in the mountains, in difficult terrain.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

In July 1999, the Full Accounting department sent an expedition to the site, which also involved a team of five Finns, among them Lauri Törni's nephew Loha Rajala.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The crash site is on the jungle mountain, near the Laotian border.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[52] The expedition had to be flown to the site by helicopter, and the landing site was a few hundred metres from the crash site.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The research effort was led by anthropologist Dennis Danielson, who, after plunging into a steep hillside, the helicopter has exploded and caught alight.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Aluminium melted in intense heat, fragments of window plex, cartridges, bullets and various chopper parts, the largest of which was a star engine.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

It was clear from the serial numbers on the rotor blade that it was a Törn helicopter.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Also found in the clay soil was Törn's personal weapon, a Swedish Carl Gustav m/45 submachine gun dubbed the Swedish K in the United States.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The screening also found hundreds of bone fragments and a European-patched tooth.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[53] The remains of the crew were transported to the United States and identified in the spring of 2003.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Törni was identified by a dental map, two of the South Vietnamese crew of the chopper were identified by DNA and one by an hour plate.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Since all the remains of the deceased could not be separated, a joint burial was performed for them.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Case 0174, meaning Larry A. Thorne's fate had finally become clear.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[54] Lauri Törni was buried with military accolades on 26 June 2003 at Arlington Military Cemetery.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The headstone is located in area (“section”) 60 and the stone number is 8136.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Törni's memorial service in Finland was held on 17 July 2003 in Säkylä, Huovinrintee garrison.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

His name and dates of birth and death were also hewn on the tombstone of a family grave in Malmi Cemetery.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

On 3 March 2004, the Department Lauri Törni Perinnekilta's expedition took a steel plaque in honour of a Finnish war hero to the crash site of the Törni helicopter.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The slab is attached to the rock two dozen metres from the crash point, about 830 metres in height.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[55] The coordinates of the accident site are in MGRS coordinates 48P YB 9455 8960, expressed in normal coordinates.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The place is located southwest of Danang, Vietnam, along Highway 14, halfway between Dak Pec and Kham Duc, about 12.5km from the Laos border.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[52] On the same Shining Brass mission, the crash site of an O-1E “Birddog” plane missing in forward air controller duty near Danang was discovered as early as 1992 with the help of a local resident.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

The site was searched in 1993 and the crew identified in the summer of 2001 (incident 0171).


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Conflicting interpretations and treatment in media In their book Unknown Lauri Törni docent Juha Pohjonen and postdoctoral researcher Oula Silvennoinen say that they bring new information about Törni.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

According to them, an erroneous picture of Törni has been given in Finland.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Scholars criticized various authors for having constructed a hero myth about Törni in line with their own ideals and for sweeping Törn's negative traits into hiding.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[56] The work highlights the ambivalent nature of Törn: sober he was well-liked, toned and closed, but aggressive, unpredictable and even dangerous to his environment under the influence of alcohol.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

According to these researchers, Törni was not driven by patriotic love or ideality, but Törni himself told his motivations for action and warring.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[56] Diplomat and author J. Michael Cleverley, who has written Lauri Törni, Born a Soldier (2003), criticised Pohonen and Silvennoinen's work as presenting little new information, containing errors and attitudinely selective.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[57] Cleverley says that Törn was rated among their best officers in all half-yearly assessments by the commanders of the United States Army and was characterised as highly intelligent, correctly behaved, as well as an innate leader.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[57] Jussi Niinistö believes that the book of Pohjose and Silvennoinen does not bring out anything new about Törni.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

According to him, nasty issues such as Törn's alcohol consumption or treason conviction have not been silenced in the past.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[58] Mauno Koivisto says that Törni had its pros and cons.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

He was a kept superior who demanded nothing from his subordinates that he would not have done himself, and he participated in all activities like others in the company.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

He was also closeted, underspoken and at times quarrelsome.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Lack of formal discipline was also a problem.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Koivisto felt that Törni led the company “pretty badly”, another private reported that he wondered “whether we were being led at all.”


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

[59] Service records Finnish Army 3 September 1938 conscript (in reserve) 1 March 1939 Reserve corporal 9 May 1940 reserve ensign 5 March 1942 reserve lieutenant 27 August 1944 reserve captain 6 October 1950 loss of military rank, off the officer list [39] Decorations: 2nd Lk Medal of Liberty 26 July 1940 1st Lk Medal of Liberty 24 August 1940 3rd Lk Cross of Liberty 9 October 1941 4th Lk Liberty Cross 23 May 1942 Mannerheim Cross 9 July 1944 1st Div.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Cross of the Border Ice Corps Cross Bronze Medal of the Defence Forces [39] Germany, Waffen-SS 18 May 1941 Untersturmführer (Nordost) 15 April 1945 Hauptsturmführer (Sonderkommando Nord) Decorations: 2nd Order Iron Cross 11 December 1943 [39] Army 28 January 1954 Private 20 December 1954 Corporal 28 April 1955 Corporal 17 November 1955 Sergeant 9 January 1957 Lieutenant (res.)


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

On November 30, 1960, Captain (res.)


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

December 16, 1965 Major (res., posthumously) Decorations: Bronze Star [60] Army Commendation Medal [39] Purple Heart (× 2) [60] The Legion of Merit [61] Army Good Conduct Medal [60] National Defence Service Medal [60] Vietnam Campaign Medal [60] Vietnam Service Medal [60] Air Medal [61] Combat Infantry Badge [60] Parachute Badge (Master) [60] Distinguished Flying Cross Special Forces' 1st Regiment Honorary Member [1] Sources Literature Alava, Ali: Special Section North.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Karisto: Hämeenlinna 1978.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

ISBN 951-23-1258-1.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Brantberg, Robert: War Heroes.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Northern Lights: Jyväskylä 2000.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

ISBN 952-5170-11-X.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Cleverley, J. Michael| title = Lauri Törni: Born a Soldier.| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 2003| version = Translated by Juha Vääänen| isbn = 978-951-1-20467-1}}} Hurmerinta, Ilmari — Viitanen, Jukka: For Finland: Knights of the Mannerheim Cross 1941—1945.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Gummerus: Jyväskylä 2004.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

ISBN 951-20-6224-0.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Jokipii, Mauno: Hitler's Germany and its volunteer movements.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Finnish Literature Society, Helsinki, 2002.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

ISBN 951-746-335-9.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Kairinen, Paavo A.: Men of Marttinen.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

WSOY, Helsinki, 1994.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

ISBN 951-0-19802-1.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Kallonen, Kari and Sarjanen, Petri: Lionamieli 1919—1949.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Gummerus: Jyväskylä 1997.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

ISBN 952-5170-00-4.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Kallonen, Kari and Sarjanen, Petri: Purppurasydän 1949—1965.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Gummerus: Jyväskylä 1997.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

ISBN 952-5170-01-2.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Kallonen, Kari and Sarjanen, Petri: Crusade 1965—1999.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Gummerus: Jyväskylä 1999.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

ISBN 952-5170-09-8.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Kallonen, Kari and Sarjanen, Petri: Legenda, Lauri Törni - Larry Thorne.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Gummerus: Jyväskylä 2004.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

ISBN 952-5170-38-1.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Karhunen, Joppe: Men of Battles.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

WSOY, Huddersfield 1972.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

ISBN 951-0-00639-4.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lappalainen, Niilo| title = After the Armistice | location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 1997}} Lappalainen, Niilo: Dangerous roads.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

WSOY, Helsinki 1998.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

ISBN 951-022665-3 Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Pohjonen, Juha — Silvennoinen, Oula| title = Unknown Lauri Törni| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 2013| isbn = 978-951-1-23648-1}} Rönnquist, Lars — Vuorenmaa, Anssi: Jäkärit of Törn.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

WSOY, Helsinki 2004.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

ISBN 951-0-19448-4 Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Vertanen, Anu| title = Rintamaa to Ratakadu: Finnish SS men in Communist Valpo 1945-1948| location = Jyväskylä | publisher = University of Jyväskylä | year = 2005| version = Master's thesis, Department of History| accessdate = 11.7.2008}} References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kallonen, Kari| title = Blue-green berets: Finnish soldiers in the Vietnam War| publisher = Northern Lights | year = 2006| id = ISBN 952-5170-56-X}} Pohjonen, Juha — Silvennoinen, Oula: Unknown Lauri Törni.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Otava, 2013.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

ISBN 978-951-1-23648-1 Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Salomaa, Markku| title = I spy: The Silenced Reality of Espionage and Counterintelligence | number = Lauri Törni: Adventure took espion| location = Helsinki| publisher = Chosen pieces - Reader's Digest| year = 2007| id = ISBN 978-951-584-771-3| pages = 294—307}} On the topic elsewhere in Heyno, Jouko: Review of Lauri Törni: Born a Soldier. '


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

(Legenda'i Kallonen — Petri Sarjanen) about Karlauri Törni.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Northern Lights in 2004.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Minister Olli-Pekka Heinonen's reply to a written question by Sulo Aittoniemi on 20 March 2001.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Finland's Kuvaleht 37/2003.


Question: Who was the Finnish officer killed in the US Army in the Vietnam War?

Lauri Törni

Category:Knights of the Mannerheim Cross Class:Finnish SS soldiers Category:American soldiers Category:American Finns Class:People born in 1919 Class:Persons who died in a plane crash Category:Key articles of screening