Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[46] Clinical core symptoms of depression Depressed mood Decreased in experiencing interest or pleasure Pessimistic Fatigue, asthenia Insomnia or excessive sleep Decreased or increased appetite Decreased or increased appetite Decreased concentration, indecision Psychomotor agitation or inhibition Feelings of worthlessness and guilt Thoughts associated with death or suicide Symptoms of psychotic depression Delusions and hallucinations Unrealistic sense of guilt Psychomotor disorders Impaired cognitive performance No daily mood swings Close family bipolar disorder Fear of somatic illness Hopelessness, anxiety and sleep disorders Diagnostic criteria for depression The ICD-10 disease classification system defines the diagnostic of depressive state Criteria as follows: F32 Depressive state The diagnostic code includes: Depressive period A single episode of reactive depression In a typical mild (F32.0), moderate (F32.1) or severe (F32.2 and F32.3) depressive state, the person suffers from a decrease in mood and vigour and lack of activity.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The ability to enjoy things and feel interesting in them is impaired.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Even the slightest effort leads to exhaustion.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Other common symptoms include: decreased concentration and attention loss of self-esteem and self-confidence experiences of guilt and worthlessness bleak and pessimistic thoughts regarding the future suicidal, suisidal thoughts or acts sleep disturbance decreased appetite Mood every day does not vary much and usually does not depend on conditions.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Sometimes anxiety, agony and physical restlessness can be more dominant symptoms than depression.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The change in mood may also be masked under irritability, alcohol overuse, attention-seeking behaviour, increased phobic symptoms, obsessive or hypochondric symptoms.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Usually, diagnosis requires that symptoms have been present for at least two weeks, but even a shorter period is sufficient if the symptoms are abnormally strong or their beginning is very sudden.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Diagnosis of mild (F32.0), moderate (F32.1) and severe (F32.2 and F32.3) depressive episode is used only from the first depressive episode.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Other depressive episodes belong to subgroups of the recurrent depressive episode (F33).


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Distinguishing between mild, moderate and severe depressive episodes is based on the number, quality and severity of symptoms.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

A person's ability to work and social function are indicative in assessing the severity of depression, but as such are not diagnostic criteria for severity.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Diagnostic criteria: G1.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The depressive episode has lasted for at least two weeks.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The person has not previously had a hypomanic or manic episode (F30) G3.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

{Most common exclusion diagnoses}: Symptom not due to substance use (F10—F19) or organ mental disorder (F00—F09).


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Somatic syndrome With mild and moderate depression (F31.3, F32.0, F32.1, F33.0 and F33.1), the presence of so-called somatic syndrome is expressed by the fifth sign.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Diagnosis of somatic syndrome requires the patient to be diagnosed with four of the following symptoms: loss of interest and sense of pleasure waking up in the mornings many hours earlier than usual exacerbation of depression in the mornings marked psychomotor retardation excitation loss of appetite weight loss libido decreased F32.0 Mild depressive state Depressed mood, lack of interest and increased fatigue are the most common symptoms of a depressive episode.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

At least two of these should be observed and at least two other symptoms listed below in section C.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

However, none of the symptoms are severe.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

A mild depressive condition causes some disturbing symptoms and a decrease in normal functioning, but does not lead to complete paralysis.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The total duration of the period is at least two weeks.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Diagnostic criteria: A.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The disorder meets the diagnostic criteria for a depressive episode (F32).


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

B.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

At least two of the following symptoms are noted: A depressed mood occurring most of the day and most days of the cycle that is exceptional for the person.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

This mood is not dependent on external factors and has lasted for at least two weeks.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Loss of interest or pleasure in things that a person has habitually been interested in or that have brought him pleasure.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Decreased resources or exceptional fatigue.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

C.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Any or some of the following symptoms so that there are at least four symptoms in total: a decrease in self-confidence or self-worth unfounded or unreasonable self-blame repeated thoughts related to death or suicide or suicidal behavior subjective or observed difficulty concentrating, which may manifest as indecision or chasing things psychomotor change (excitation or retardation), which may be subjective or observed sleep disturbance increase or decrease in appetite accompanied by a change in weight at the fifth sign indicate whether the patient has been diagnosed with somatic syndrome (for criteria, see F32) F32.1 Moderate depressive state Moderate depressive state contains at least two key symptoms of the depressive episode and additional accompanying symptoms with a total of at least six symptoms.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Moderate depressive state significantly impairs both performance at work, participation in hobbies and personal life management.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Many of the symptoms can be severe, but this is not necessary for diagnosis if the spectrum of symptoms is wide enough.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The disorder lasts for at least two weeks.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Diagnostic criteria: A.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

B.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Occurs at least two of the symptoms listed in F 32.0, Criterion B.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

C.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

In F32.0, Criterion C, there are so many symptoms that there are at least six symptoms in total.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The fifth sign indicates whether the patient has been diagnosed with somatic syndrome (criteria, see F32) F32.2 Severe depressive state without psychotic symptoms The diagnosis code includes a single episode of agitated depression without psychotic symptoms Severe depression single episode without psychotic symptoms A single episode of vital depression without psychotic symptoms In a severe depressive state, all three main symptoms of the depressive episode are present and, in addition to them, four other symptoms, some of which are severe.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

In the event of significant psychomotor agitation or retardation, it may be difficult for the patient to describe the symptoms in detail.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

In such cases, the depressive period can be assessed as severe.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Severe depressive condition causes significant pain, restlessness, or psychomotor retardation.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The collapse of self-esteem, as well as feelings of needlessness and guilt, are commonplace.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

In particularly severe cases, the risk of suicide is obvious.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Almost always there are somatic symptoms mentioned earlier in the list.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

A person is incapable of doing his or her usual job, participating in hobbies or controlling their private life.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The disorder lasts for at least two weeks, but the diagnosis can be made before if the symptoms are particularly acute or severe.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Diagnostic criteria: A.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The disorder meets the diagnostic criteria for a depressive episode (F32).


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

B.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Of the symptoms listed in F32.0, Criterion B, all occur simultaneously.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

C.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

In F32.0, Criterion C, so many symptoms occur that there are at least eight symptoms in total.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

D.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Not stating hallucinations, delusions or stuporspace.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

F32.3 Severe, psychotic depressive state Diagnostic code includes Individual episodes of psychotic depression Individual episodes of severe, psychotic depression Individual episodes of psychogenic depressive psychosis Individual episodes of reactive depressive psychosis episodes The symptom of a psychotic depressive state corresponds to the symptoms of severe depressive state (F32.2), but in addition, hallucinations, delusions, psychomotor retardation or stuportila appear.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The patient may be convinced that he has committed a crime or sinned, or that he is completely destitute.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

He may also believe a catastrophe or destruction is coming for which he himself feels responsible.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Hearing hallucinations are often derogatory in tone.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The patient may report feeling the smell of rotten flesh or waste.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Diagnostic criteria: A.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

B.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The disorder meets the criteria for the diagnosis of “severe depressive episode without psychotic symptoms” (F32.2) with the exception of section D (hallucinations, delusions or stuportila).


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

C.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The disorder does not meet the criteria for schizophrenia (F20.0—F20.3) or the depressive form of schizoaffective disorder (F25.1).


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

D.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Either of the following occurs: delusions or hallucinations that are not typical of schizophrenia (criteria G1 (1) b, c and d (F20.0—F20.3) for schizophrenia), i.e. other than completely impossible or culturally inappropriate delusions or auditory hallucinations that are not in the third person or commenting.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The most common are delusions or auditory hallucinations whose contents are depressed, nihilistic, accusatory, stalking, suggestive, or hypochondric depressive stuportila.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Differential diagnosis: The stupor state associated with depression differs from the stupor associated with catatonic schizophrenia and organ mental disorders.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

This diagnosis is used only for individual depressive episodes with severe psychotic symptoms.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

For subsequent periods of illness, a subtype of recurrent depression (F33) should be used.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

F33 Recurrent depression The diagnosis code includes Season-dependent depression Endogenous depression Grass depression Manic codepressive psychosis/reaction/disease Manic-depressive psychosis/reaction/disease Melancholy The disorder is characterized by recurrent depressive states ( F32.0—F32.3) which do not involve phases of elevated mood and increased vigour that would meet the criteria for a manic episode (F30.1—F30.2) .This diagnosis should be used if the depressive episode is followed by a hypomanic phase (F30.0), for example in the treatment of a depressive episode.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The first episode of recurrent depression usually occurs after the age of 40 and individual episodes last three to 12 months, averaging six months.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Usually patients recover asymptomatic between depressive episodes, but some of them develop a prolonged depressive state.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

This is especially true of the elderly.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The onset of symptoms is often preceded by burdensome life events.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The disorder is about twice as common in women as in men.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Individuals with recurrent depressive episodes also experience manic stages more often than usual.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

If a person has a history of mania, the diagnosis of bipolar disorder (F31) is used.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Diagnostic criteria: G1.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

In the past there has been a depressive episode lasting at least two weeks (F32.0—F32.3) and the current depressive stage is preceded by a period of at least two months in which no symptoms of affective disorder have occurred.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

There has been no hypomanic or manic phase (F30) G3.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

{Most common exclusion diagnoses}: The disorder is not caused by substance use (F10—F19) or organ mental disorder (F00—F09).


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Previous stages of the disease are recommended to be classified according to their severity (mild, moderate, severe, more precisely unspecified).


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Depression Assessment Since depression belongs as a term in everyday language but is additionally a diagnosable mood disorder, it is important to define exactly what is meant by depression in a clinical sense.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

According to Isforest (1999), depressed mood refers to a depressed emotional feeling that has become more persistent.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Instead of a transient feeling, there is the issue of long-term vigour, which can last continuously for days, weeks, months or even years.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

If there are other related symptoms in addition to depressed mood, we are talking about depressive syndromes, i.e. depressive conditions.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

In this case, there is a case of mental disorder.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

A study by Arve (1999) found, [47] that depressive individuals self-identify their depression much more often than those who treat them.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Nursing staff identified depression in only 40% of those patients who, according to Zung's scale, were depressed.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

At the same time, it was noted that depressed individuals clearly distinguish themselves from non-depressed in their attitudes towards life.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The depressed weren't happy with their lives, they didn't feel needed, and they had no plans for the future.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The depressed also felt lonelier and met fewer of their friends.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

According to Arvi, questions such as this one like “Do you feel necessary?” or “Do you have plans for the future?” , too little has been put to good use in identifying depression.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The examination of a depressive person does not end with the determination of the diagnosis.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Even if a treatment plan has already been established after depression has been established and treatment initiated, the patient should still be assessed at all appointments.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Each time, the depth of depression, the potential risk of suicide, the need for hospitalization, and the benefits and potential harms of drug therapy are assessed.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The severity of depression is assessed in ICD-10 according to the number of symptoms (mild 4—5, moderate 6—7, and severe 8—10 symptoms), but can also be assessed by symptom metrics (e.g. Hamilton Depression Scale, Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Scale 2, Beck Depression Scale) [48] by means of, or on the basis of impairment of functioning associated with depressive status.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Methods of screening for depressive conditions that are useful in healthcare include Finnish DEPS, Beck's Depression Scale, and Prime-MD's two-question sieve (depressed mood and pleasure loss).


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[21] The Local Government Association of the Southern Savo Hospital District commissioned a study [49] on the usefulness of a short mapping depression scale used for the assessment of depression when employed by workers with different quality training in elderly care.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

In this study, Markkanen and Ruohonen (1995) compared assessments performed by home nurses and home assistants on the same metrics with the same subjects.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Regardless of the evaluator, the scale proved to be reliable.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.82, meaning the result was very significant.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The results showed that an employee with no actual psychological training can act as an LKDA user.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The more employees involved in the planning and implementation of treatment have access to reliable tools, the greater the chance of timely identifying a person suffering from depressive symptoms and preventing premature admission to the facility.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

However, use must be justified and familiarization of employees with training is essential.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Huttunen (1996) writes that diagnostically it is important to remember that even a person suffering from severe depression may not subjectively perceive themselves to be actually depressed, nor does the symptomatic picture offered to the doctor primarily bring to mind a depressive state.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The symptoms of a depressive state may thus include fatigue, irritability, various prolonged aches and somatic symptoms, anxiety, insomnia, antisocial behaviour in adolescents, overuse of alcohol or medications, and various cognitive disorders and pseudodementia in the elderly.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Arve (1999) emphasises that often depression only becomes apparent when it is already severe and significantly impedes the patient's ability to function.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Furthermore, it has been observed that older people, for example, are often impatient for long and intrusive queries.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Therefore, it would be good to develop instruments that would at once extensively map the patient's psychopathology, physical illnesses and social difficulties.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Nowadays, a two-step model is recommended to be used, in which the first phase would exclude those who lack the symptom to be examined, and in the second phase, the subjects who may be suffering from depression are examined more closely.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Assessment of depression on the Hamilton Depression Assessment Scale Scientific studies often use the so-called “17 assessment criteria” instead of formal diagnostic criteria. The Hamilton scale, where symptoms experienced by the patient during the last week are systematically scored so that it is theoretically possible for the total score to vary from 0 to 52.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

For example, a suicide attempt, extreme hopelessness and a headache that severely lowers function each produce four points, while worrying about small things, regretting past actions, nervous impression given by the patient at the reception, slowness of falling asleep, constant severe fatigue and complete disappearance of appetite is counted each as a two-point symptom.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

If the total number of points is 8 to 16, the patient is assessed as mildly depressed.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The limit for severe depression is exceeded by 25 points.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Hamilton's assessment scale differs from the disease classification used in Finland, among other things, in that when using that scale, a patient may be assessed as depressed even if they do not show any depressed mood or decrease in interest.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[50] Other Depressive Conditions Atypical depression Atypical depression is a mood disorder in which depression includes “reverse vegetative symptoms” such as oversleepiness, increased appetite and gaining weight.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Negative and positive environmental factors clearly affect the emotional tone of the depressed person, which is very reactive (sensitive).


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Although these symptoms are considered to be non-typical depression, [51] these patients are also considered to suffer from clinical depression.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Despite its name, atypical depression is the most common form of depression.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Characteristic features of atypical depression include Mood reactivity (paradoxical anhedonia) and positivity Significant weight gain or increased appetite Excessive sleep or sleepiness (hypersomnia) Asthenia Notable social inability due to hypersensitivity to be fought by other people Dysthymia Dysthymia is a long-term, mild depression that lasts a minimum of two years.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

There must be persistent, persistent depressiveness for at least two years.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Symptoms are not as pronounced as in severe depression, but people with dysthymia have a higher likelihood of experiencing episodes of severe depression as well.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

This disorder often begins in adolescence and continues throughout life.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Individuals who have been diagnosed with severe depressive episodes and also have dysthymia are said to have dual depression.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Dystitis disorder develops first, and then one or more episodes of severe depression occur later.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Bipolar disorder Bipolar disorder type I is a periodic illness in which moods alternate between mania and depression.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Bipolar mental disorder used to be called manic-depressive mood disorder.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

This term is no longer used in the medical community, although depression (regarding ineptitude and suicidality) plays a larger part in this disease.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

“Manic-depressiveness” is increasingly frequently used outside medical circles.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Bipolar disorder type II is a periodic illness with a higher incidence of depression, but there is evidence of hypomania.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

If the patient has already experienced a manic phase or significantly elevated mood, the disease is often diagnosed instead of major depressive disorder as bipolar disorder.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Depression without periods of joy or mania is therefore sometimes referred to as unipolar depression, because the mood only varies in one direction, in a way, that is, never rises better than normal.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Melancholic depression Melancholic depression or “depression with melancholic traits” manifests itself as an inability to feel pleasure from positive things combined with physical restlessness, insomnia, or decreased appetite.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Approximately 10% of people with depression have melancholic depression.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Characteristic features of melancholy are the absence of a sense of pleasure (anhedonia) in most of the activity Partially or completely absent pleasure reactions The quality of the depressed mood is steeper than, for example, in loss or sadness Worsening of symptoms in the morning hours Waking up early morning Psychomotor exhaustion Anorexia (severe weight loss due to loss of appetite, not to be confused with medical eating disorder anorexia nervosa) Postpartum depression Postpartum depression is a depression that occurs within two years childbirth.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Due to physical, mental and emotional exhaustion, as well as a decrease in sleep, a woman is easily exposed to depression.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Also, postpartum changes in oestrogen production can predispose to depression.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Gestational depression Gestational depression nearly as common as maternal postpartum depression has been found in a study published in the late 2000s.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

According to the study, maternal depression during pregnancy significantly increases the child's risk of developing schizophrenia later if the child additionally has a hereditary predisposition to the disease.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[52] Grass Depression The peoples of the North experience how in autumn the shortening of days affects mood.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[53] For some, it causes lower temper, for others severe depression.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Kamaos has been found to affect neurotransmitters in the brain very strongly.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Canadian researchers have shown that sufferers of chaos depression [54] have less than normal levels of the brain neurotransmitter serotonin, which regulates emotional states and energy balance.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The serotonin transporter molecule cleans excess serotonin away from the brain.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The more actively the transporter molecules work, the less serotonin in the brain.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Driver activity was significantly higher in winter than in summer.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

So this leads to a serotonin deficit, which may explain why even healthy people experience undercoolness and powerlessness in the run-up to winter.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Although catastrophic depression has been known for a long time, its biological cause has been unclear.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[55] Treatment of gastric depression The most effective treatment for severe depression and gash symptoms is clear light therapy taken during the winter months.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[54] Approximately four out of five people suffering from severe depression recover from symptoms as long as light therapy is carried out correctly.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Bright light bulbs can be purchased at stores selling lighting fixtures.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

In bright-light therapy, a person spends 30 to 60 minutes daily in a bright artificial light of 2,500 to 10,000 lux, keeping their eyes open.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The intensity of light depends greatly on the distance of the light source.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

It is therefore important that those taking phototherapy sit close enough to the device.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Light therapy will be more effective if taken regularly in the mornings from 5:30am to 9 a.m.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Phototherapy is the more effective the earlier it is taken, the best time is in the morning immediately after awakening.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Some patients also benefit from light therapy taken at other times of the day.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The effect of bright-light therapy occurs about a week after the start of the course of treatment.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Phototherapy should be continued daily for at least 2—4 weeks.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Symptoms usually recur within 1—3 weeks after the end of phototherapy, which makes it worthwhile to continue phototherapy either for periods of 1—2 weeks or without interruption at least five mornings a week until March.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[54] In addition to phototherapy, some antidepressants may also be used in the treatment of depression.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Depression and multiple disorders Simultaneously with depressive syndrome, symptoms of other mental disorders or illnesses may also occur.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The existence of other concomitant mental disorders (psychiatric comorbidity) generally impairs the psychosocial functional capacity of depressive patients, as well as complicates, and often also prolongs, treatment of the depressive condition.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Typical concomitant disorders: anxiety disorder (approx.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

50%) (panic disorder, fear of social situations, generalized anxiety disorder) personality disorder (approx.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

50%) Substance Abuse Disorders (10-30%) The co-occurrence of personality disorder has shown in numerous studies to be a clear predictive factor in terms of benefits of treatment, recovery in symptoms, risk of relapse and overall social survival ( Pilkonis and Frank 1988, Keller 1990, Shea et al 1990).


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

However, it should be understood that personality disorder diagnoses made during a major depressive episode are unreliable, and that, having hoped for depression, possibly even a majority of people with “personality disorders” no longer meet the criteria for diagnosis (Stuart et al 1992).


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Therefore, personality assessments performed during a depressive state should be very critical.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[56] Approximately 20-30% of patients also experience panic attacks either isolated or meeting the criteria for panic disorder during the depressive state.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The risk of developing a major depressive disorder with panic disorder is also significantly increased (Keller 1990).


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The occurrence of panic attacks or other anxiety disorder at the same time as a depressive state would appear to be clearly associated with a worse-than-usual response to treatment (Grunhaus 1988) and an elevated risk of relapse (Coryell et al.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[56] Substance abuse problem is generally considered to be a significantly impairing factor of prognosis in severe depressive states, and this is particularly true for men (Keller 1990).


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

According to one study, the risk of relapse does not appear to increase with substance abuse problems, although overall psychosocial dysfunction and relationship with spouse were found to be significantly poorer in alcoholics (Hirschfeld et al.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[56] The association of depression with somatic disease appears to be linked to a higher risk of recurrence and chronicling of the depressive state.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The concomitance of depression and somatic disease often produces differential diagnostic problem situations and easily leads to underdiagnosis and undertreatment of depression (Cassem 1988, Keitner et al.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[56] If a major depressive state sufferer has suffered more than two years of milder depression meeting the signs of dysthymic disorder before the actual episode of major depressive disorder, the so-called “depressive disorder” is the case. “double depression”, the prognosis of which is significantly worse than that of uncomplicated severe depressive states.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Normalization of the condition after an actual period of illness is less likely and there is an increased risk of recurrence of major depressive condition (Keller et al.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[56] Major depressive conditions are also common in primary eating disorders: they have been estimated to occur in about half of all cases.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The prognosis of depression, especially with bulimia, is clearly weaker than usual (Keller 1990).


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[56] Remarkably, as many as 25-80% of anorexics are severely depressed during their lifetime.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

History In Ancient Greek medicine, it was thought that depression, or melancholy, was caused by the presence of too much black bile in the body.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[57] Already in antiquity it had been observed that artists were often prone to suffering from intermittent depression.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[58] Consequences of depression It has been estimated that depression would be the most harmful of public health problems, both because of the deterioration in the quality of life and the cost.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

A pessimistic attitude to life has been found to shorten lifespan.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

A person suffering from depression often sees and experiences things negatively.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

This will lead to perhaps the most unnecessary disappointment and mood.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The future may seem so bleak that a patient with depression doesn't want to continue suffering as it feels endless.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Often depression causes a person to feel that they are not valued or perceived by other people as bad, which can lead to a decline in self-worth and a sense of shame to avoid social contact.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

In children, depression can show up as challenging behavior.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[59] Depression can lead to a low level of physical activity and, through this, a deterioration in physical fitness and a further downward circle of self-esteem.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

A prolonged depressive state can contribute to memory impairment, and even noticeable changes in brain imaging (for example, in the hippocampus region as a decrease in volume.)


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The depressive state causes long-term suffering, decreased quality of life and increased morbidity for the sufferer.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

It is difficult or impossible for someone with clinical depression to concentrate on work and is not always up to talk to people or start projects.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

People retire almost twice as often as often as they were in the mid-1990s due to depression.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

There are 38,000 people retired due to depression in Finland.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[60] Depression is the single most common cause of disability pension.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[61] It is widely believed that some of those with a diagnosis of depression on disability retirement may suffer from other diseases or disorders that may cause a depressive state or co-occur with depression, making recovery difficult, and which are hampered by identification and treatment underdiagnosis, as well as too few treatment resources.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Such diseases include thyroid diseases [62] and complicated substance abuse disorders.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[63] A patient with depression is more prone than others to end up attempting suicide — even suicide and, in extreme cases, murdering others.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

A person with severe psychotic depression may interpret his own situation as completely hopeless, and in extreme cases he may interpret the situation as hopeless enough that neither children nor loved ones could manage without him after his death, in which case the consequence may even be so called extended suicide, in which the perpetrator first kills others (for example, his family) and finally himself.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Risk of suicide in depression Anyone dealing with a depression patient, both nursing staff, loved ones and colleagues, must remember that the risk of suicide is approximately 20 times higher than the rest of the population in depression patients.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

In most depression-related suicide cases, the depression patient has not received appropriate treatment.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Of all suicides, about two-thirds have been found to be associated with depressive conditions.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

This corresponds to around 600 to 700 suicides related to the depressive state in Finland each year.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[21] The self-harm of a depressive patient is not always at its highest in the deepest stage of depression due to lack of energy, but only in the recovery phase.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Suicidal thoughts may also be activated with changes in drug therapy.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Suicidal thoughts should always be tactfully but clearly and directly asked a patient with depression at the beginning of treatment and at appropriate intervals during treatment.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Asking about suicidal thoughts does not incite self-harm; on the contrary, the depression patient usually finds discussing the subject easier.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Factors that protect against suicide include children, other relatives or religious beliefs, and the possible existence of these should be clarified.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The best way to confront a loved one with depression is his accepting listening and sincere effort to understand his life situation.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[45] Factors indicating a high risk of suicide: Severe depression (symptoms specific to severe insomnia, inability to concentrate, hopelessness, feelings of guilt, shame and worthlessness, loss of experiencing pleasure) Male Sex Anxiety Abundant alcohol consumption Past suicide attempts Related Suicides Concomitant substance addiction, personality disorder and/or somatic illness Lack of social support Current negative life events Persistent, compulsive and detailed suicidal thoughts caused by the patient it is difficult to manage the easy availability of suicide equipment (e.g.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Medicines, weapons) Death-related arrangements (e.g. a will, sale or donation of property or goods) If a person appears to be at imminent risk of suicide, they must be delivered to a psychiatric hospital and must not be left alone.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

If a person suffering from severe depression, who is at risk of suicide, opposes going to hospital, it is appropriate to consider referring them to a psychiatric hospital for evaluation regardless of his will (M1 referral).


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[64] In case of doubt, resort to psychiatric emergency services, the specialist on duty will assess the need for treatment and the severity of the situation.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Making such an assessment is not the task of a layman close to the patient.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

When it comes to depression and potential risk of suicide, no doctor's visit or contact with medical staff is pointless, but every depression detected too late and a life lost, on the other hand, is.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Treatment of depression The key to recovery is that depression is diagnosed and treatment is started as early as possible.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

According to one theory, depression will gradually worsen if it continues untreated for a long time, causing increasingly significant changes in the brain and central nervous system.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

These changes prolong the time it takes to recover and are apparently irreversible because they increase the risk of recurrence of the depressive condition.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

When left untreated, recurrent depressive episodes are often more severe.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Depression can only be managed or prevented to a certain limit, because depression, especially severe, is an involuntary disease.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The accepting atmosphere contributes to the treatment of depression because often the person with depression does not value themselves, is afraid of stigma and experiences very strong guilt, as well as shame for being ill, even though he himself has not been able to affect his illness.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

A depression patient may also be incapable of believing that anyone could help him.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Psychotherapy and antidepressants play a central role in the treatment of depression.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Therapy forms have evolved by leaps and bounds, and the oldest antidepressants have been in use for about 50 years.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The importance of drug therapy is especially emphasized in the treatment of severe depressive conditions.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Patients with depression benefit from regular exercise.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

However, exercise in no case is a substitute for other treatment of depression, but may be recommended as part of overall therapy.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[65] Treatment of depression can also be enhanced by diet and several dietary supplements.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Among other things, omega-3 fatty acids favorably affect the communication network in the brain, which is of great importance for the normal functioning of the brain (Castrén 2005).


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[66] Hospitalization is used if the risk of self-medication is high or the patient has symptoms of psychosis.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[64] In India, quick-trained amateur psychologists have been trialled in three weeks for the treatment of depression and alcoholism by administering conversation therapy.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Research suggests that effective treatment of depression does not require a professional degree.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[67] The attitude of a health centre physician An understanding and listening work with his patients is the most necessary and accessible individual treatment before possible psychotherapy, especially in the acute phase of patients with first disease.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

A good patient-physician relationship is also sufficient in most situations as part of treating depressed or anxious patients.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

(Source missing) Psychotherapy Psychotherapy refers to the interactive conversational assistance provided by a person receiving therapy training in psychological problem situations.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Depressive symptoms have been found to ease most rapidly with short-term therapies, however longer follow-up has been found to have had the greatest effect with long therapy [21].


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Forms of psychotherapy used to treat depression include, for example, shorthand therapy, cognitive psychotherapy, solution-centered psychotherapy, interpersonal psychotherapy, and psychodynamic psychotherapy.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Therapies are carried out both in the public sector, and in the receptions of private therapists.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Some patients cannot choose between different forms of therapy because only some are practically available to them.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[68] A Finnish doctoral thesis published in 2018 shows that already four acceptance and value-based psychological therapies may be of up to years to help depression related mood symptoms.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The short therapy studied sought to strengthen the ability of a person to accept even difficult feelings and thoughts and to find a direction towards a life consistent with their own values.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The mood symptoms of those who received treatment decreased by almost half on average, even though those giving therapy were psychology students.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Just over half of those who participated were re-examined after five years, when it was discovered that the effects of therapy were still visible. [69].


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The abundant prevalence of mood symptoms in those studied is associated with the fact that they generated a judgmental attitude in the patient.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The treatment results suggested that a decrease in explicitly judgmental attitudes due to treatment was linked to positive effects of treatment.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[70] Long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy is a justified form of treatment where depression occurs in the context of other varied or long-term symptoms or personality disorders.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[21] Psychotherapy should be started as early as possible, because if prolonged, depression may worsen and its treatment become more difficult.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[71] According to the Finnish Recommendation, psychotherapy should not be used as an exclusive treatment for severe depressive conditions and is generally not suitable as a treatment for the acute phase of psychotic depression.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[21] Reasons to make an appointment to a psychotherapist (psychologist) to treat depression: First visits assess the symptoms of your depression, assess your need for treatment, and discuss different treatment options for depression.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Reel supported depression rehabilitation psychotherapy if you already have a psychiatrist's opinion on the need for psychotherapeutic rehabilitation for depression.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Self-published shorthand therapy without statements and medication.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Psychiatry in the treatment of depression Reasons to make an appointment to a psychiatrist to treat depression: Seeking an opinion on the need for rehabilitation psychotherapy Supported Rehabilitation Psychotherapy Prescribing antidepressant medication, drug therapy monitoring and prescription renewal Follow-up visit on the effectiveness of rehabilitation psychotherapy Preparation of a rehabilitation plan Continuation of sick leave in long-term depressive states Applying for a B opinion for Kela rehabilitation support, fixed-term disability pension and indefinite disability pension.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Treatment of mild depression Mild depression can improve over time with home constein.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Advantageous in terms of recovery are positive changes in life, positive thinking and the practice of so-called conscious presence.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Self-treatment of a mild-grade depressive condition can include, for example, regular outdoor activities, regular eating, healthy varied diet, regular sleep rhythm, good night's sleep, avoiding extra stress and maintaining social relationships.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[72] In addition, keeping a diary and creating realistic plans in life has also been recommended.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[71] A person with mild depression is often capable of work, although work requires extra effort and work efficiency and resistance to stress are often reduced.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

In the treatment of mild depression, the importance of psychotherapy is emphasized and the importance of drug therapy is less important.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Treatment of more severe depressive conditions A severe depressive condition is a disease completely independent of the sufferer's will.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[73] [15] It does not heal itself, on the contrary, and seeking medical advice as soon as possible is necessary.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[56] [74] A person with severe depression is not fit for work.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Severely depressed people often find themselves seeking treatment.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Therapy isn't automatically offered either; the condition is treated with medication, despite the recommendations.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[74] If depression is very severe, if patients experience psychosis symptoms, or if depression is associated with a risk of self-destruction, hospitalization may also be required.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[64] In the treatment of someone who is severely or psychotically depressed and suicidal, it is necessary to include relatives or loved ones and to treat the situation in a multiprofessional manner.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

In severe depressive states, psychotherapy should not be used as an exclusive form of treatment and is generally not suitable as an acute stage treatment for psychotic depression.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

A large number of people with severe and especially recurrent severe depressive episodes benefit significantly from the use of antidepressants combined with psychotherapy.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Antidepressants can both shorten depressive episodes and prevent their recurrence.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[21] [56] The presence of psychotic features (delusions and hallucinations) during a depressive state has a significant impact on responses to treatment, among other things, and is usually associated with the most severe depressive conditions in the symptom.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Recovery from individual episodes of illness is generally slower in psychotic depressions and decreased function and residenual symptoms more common, but the long-term prognosis is apparently still not very significantly different than in non-psychotic major depressive states (Schatzberg and Rothschild 1992).


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

If psychotic traits are not in line with mood, or so-called depressive delusions, the long-term prognosis is worse (Coryell and Tsuang 1985).


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[56] Studies have highlighted a strong tendency to relapse of major depressive conditions after successful short treatment of acute depression episodes (Shea et al 1992) and the efficacy of prophylactic drug therapy in relapse prevention.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Continuing antidepressive drug therapy at full doses for three years after the first episode of depression greatly reduces the risk of relapse (Frank et al 1990, Klerman 1990).


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Some studies have recommended up to five years of prophylactic drug therapy for patients who already have multiple disease episodes and are therefore at significant risk of relapse (Kupfer et al 1992).


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The patient's condition after recovery from an outbreak requires monitoring, and the resumed depressive symptom of a previously severe depressive condition requires immediate attention as well as an assessment of the need for treatment.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

If the patient has experienced more than one disease outbreak, prolonged continuation of prophylactic medication and psychotherapy substantially reduces the risk of chronicisation, disability and suicide.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[56] Drug therapy The therapeutic effects of antidepressants occur slowly, after 2—6 weeks.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The effect has been found to accelerate if NSAIDs are added to the antidepressant.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[75] At least two out of three people with depressive conditions benefit from antidepressants.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

In milder, more chronic depressive states, the effectiveness of drug therapy decreases and the need for it decreases.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

After the acute phase, further treatment should last for about half a year.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

In recurrent conditions, long-term maintenance therapy is in place because it clearly reduces the risk of recurrence of depressive illness.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

In maintenance therapy, the dosage of antidepressive medication, as a rule, is the same as in the treatment of the acute phase.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Treatment compliance, ultimately based on a good patient-physician relationship, is a key prerequisite for drug therapy success.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[68] The choice of antidepressant is influenced by the patient's age, severity and symptom of his or her depression, as well as other possible concomitant diseases and drug treatments.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Currently, the most widely used antidepressants are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, SSRI antidepressants).


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

They elevate a patient's depressed mood by acting on the brain's serotonin transmitter.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

In addition to drug therapy, psychotherapy should also be used, since antidepressant therapy is considered to be only part of the treatment complex.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[21] Despite the recommendations, this recommendation is not followed in Finland, as only 20% of patients complaining of depression are offered psychotherapy.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[76] In mild and moderate depressions, psychotherapies and antidepressant therapy are equally effective in symptom relief, and their simultaneous use is more effective than each alone.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[21] New atypic antipsychotics, thyroid hormone or lithium are sometimes used as an adjunct treatment for treatment-resistant depression.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[77] In some cases, depression can also be treated with stimulants such as bupropion.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

It is generally accepted that in severe or psychotic depressive states it is always worth using drug therapy.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

In psychotic depression, the efficacy of antidepressants is clearly worse than in a non-psychotic depressive state.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Psychotic depression is treated medicationally often by combining an antidepressant and an antipsychotic drug.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Antipsychotics combined with antidepressive medication significantly improve treatment outcomes for psychotic depression.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[68] Pharmacogenetics The absorption of some tricyclic antidepressants and SSRIs is influenced by individual, hereditary characteristics.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

For example, amitriptyline and escitalopram are metabolised via hepatic enzymes CYP2D6 and CYP2C19.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Variations in the activity of these enzymes between individuals lead to different responses to treatment for certain drugs.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[78] Based on the hereditary characteristics of the patient, the appropriate dosage of drugs and the prevalence of possible side effects can be deduced.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

A pharmacogenetic test is used to elucidate these hereditary characteristics.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[79] Other therapies Electrotherapy (ECT) is still occasionally used to treat severe and psychotic depression.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[80] In the 1990s, electrical magnetic stimulation of the cortex was developed, in which an electric current is introduced to the brain by means of a strong magnetic field.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Similar to other electrotherapies, it too has been marketed as a completely safe form of treatment.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

For the duration of magnetic stimulation, the patient does not need to be anesthetized.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[80] The Peijas Hospital in Vantaa is the first in the world to produce preliminary promising results on drug-free TMS device therapy for adolescents with depression.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[81] Recently, in the case of the most severe depressions, the so-called so-called. DBS therapy (engl.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Deep Brain Stimulation), where stimulating electrodes are installed in part of the region of the clamp warp.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[82] Lobotomy has also been used in the past to treat depression, as it was widely regarded as an effective form of treatment despite the fact that a double-blind study on the subject proved that lobotomy had no therapeutic efficacy.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[83] Psychedelic therapy has promising positive effects in the treatment of depression for example, [84] but therapy use of psychedelics is still in the research stage.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[85] [86] For 80 years, alcohol has been the most popular antidepressant in Finland.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

It is used to relieve both anxiety and depressive symptoms.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

However, alcohol on top of the longer does not help, but according to studies, especially in high doses, it strengthens depressive symptoms.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Of course, the use of alcohol or other intoxicating substances makes the depressed person temporarily easier.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Alcohol and depression are, however, a very bad combination between each other, as alcohol consumption clearly increases the risk of suicide in a depressive patient.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

In addition, regular use of alcohol can cause depression in itself.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Drinking alcohol in the longer term is thought to deepen the depressive state, as it indirectly breaks down tryptophanic acid, which impairs the formation of the mood hormone.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Smoking should also be avoided, as it negatively affects the brain's dopamine metabolism and increases the risk of depression.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[87] [88] Depression in different age groups Men's depression The risk of getting sick is 13 percent.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Some experts think both sexes suffer equally from depression, but women are being diagnosed more, this partly because men don't talk as much about their feelings or seek treatment for mental health issues.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[89] [90] The claim “real men don't get depressed” or the notion that men should just hold their ground and suffer quietly, is a particularly pernicious myth devoid of any reality base.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Strong men also suffer from depression.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[90] In men, depression can be much more dangerous than in women because men are more likely to avoid seeking help and depression combined with substance use significantly increases the risk of suicide.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[90] Suicide mortality among Finnish men compared to women is approximately three times higher.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[91] Reasons for higher suicide mortality can be looked up in upbringing and general attitudes: Men are raised to endure adversity in the style of “endure like a man” and “big boys/men don't cry”.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[92] Men also find it harder to recognize their depression than women.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Men easily repel emotions and prefer to resort to action.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[90] Often men's concealment manifests itself in anger, constant underbelly, indifference, seriousness, increased social disposition, disappearance of a sense of humour and challenging behaviour.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Many men resort to alcohol.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The triggering causes of depression can be negative events in one's life, such as work or school issues.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Also, constant failures in relationships and interpersonal affairs can cause feelings of unmanliness and unworthiness in a man, which again can lead to depression.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Feeling bad and unworthy, and divorce in particular, is harder for men to deal with than it is for women.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[93] Gay men have triple the prevalence of depression.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[94] Women's depression The risk of getting sick is good 20 per cent.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

One reason for the higher percentage compared to men may be that women reflect on their feelings and seek professional help more sensitively than men.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Triggering causes for women to develop depression include an unhappy marriage and interpersonal issues.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Kirsi Tuohela has explored the connection of texts revealing the personal feelings of women writers of the late 19th century with perceived depression.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The texts related to womanhood, gendered living space and possibilities for expression.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The writers had stages of mental illness which they took advantage of producing portraits of a woman languishing in lower life, fatigue and pessimism that were often (their own) biographical.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Tuohela's research provides an interesting background for understanding women's depression, its social and psychological dimensions.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

In modern Western countries, depression worsens about twice as often the functioning and health of women than men.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[95] [96] On the other hand, male suicide mortality is significantly higher than that of women: three out of four people who committed suicide in Finland in 2012 were men.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[91] Adolescent depression Depression is by far the most common mental disorder in young people.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

During the five-year follow-up of the High School Study, 11% of young Finns aged 20-24 years had depression, 7% had anxiety disorders, 6% had substance abuse disorders and 6% had personality disorder.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Quite often, various disorders occurred simultaneously.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

At least some mental disorder was present in this young adult data for 24%, which is consistent with the results obtained in other population studies.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Childhood separation experiences, loss, neglect or violence are considered key factors for depression in adolescent depression.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Other causes of depression among adolescents include being excluded from groups formed by peers, lack of mates, school bullying and illness.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Sleep deprivation causes depressive symptoms in young people.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Also, suicidal thoughts are often associated with lack of sleep.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[97] A young person with depression feels empty and self-worthless.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

He may be irritated and lose interest in things that are usually of interest.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

He suffers from sleep problems, fatigue and powerlessness.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Depressive state can also cause physical symptoms: weight changes, body functions slow down.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Abundant substance use, acts of vandalism, and detached sexual relations can manifest the anxiety associated with depression and difficulty in caring for oneself.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Depression almost always affects school work as well.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Depression that started in adolescence almost always improves, but may relapse later.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Early treatment such as psychotherapy often shortens the duration of depression and even prevents the emergence of new depressive episodes.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[98] When depression is caused by sleep deprivation, antidepressants do not help.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

In this case, good results have been obtained from the guidance of parents and adolescents on observing regular bedtimes to ensure adequate sleep for the adolescent.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[99] In adolescents, puberty with its hormonal changes brings with it a mild sense of insecurity and mood swings in all adolescents that fall into the age period.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Normal adolescence also includes a period of development during which grief work associated with disconnection from childhood emotional ties is experienced, during which the adolescent may be downtrodden or grief-minded.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

This is perfectly normal development-related grief work, whereas depression is a growth and development-inhibiting or disruptive disease in which an adolescent's development is entangled at some stage.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Particular care should be taken to cope with young people who are particularly at risk and early identification of depression.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

If a young person is exposed to intense or long-term stress, experiences adversity, or is the victim of bullying, maltreatment or abuse at school, for example, there is an elevated risk of developing depression.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Adolescent loneliness, lack of intimate relationships, unsatisfactory relationship and problems in the parent-child relationship are predisposing factors to depression.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The belittling, subjugation, ridicule and iva experienced by a young person, disappointment in one's own desires or goals, constant experience of failure can predispose the adolescent to depression.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

At a young person's home, parental unemployment, financial difficulties, lack of care, poor family support, long-term conflicts in the family, as well as mental illness in the parent predispose to depression.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Psychological, physical or sexual violence against a young person is a significant risk factor.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Young people should therefore be encouraged to speak openly about their thoughts, feelings and experiences, as well as possible symptoms, and the adult should listen to the young person without criticism and judgment.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Mood related matters should be able to be discussed with a young person showing genuine interest, directly and honestly.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

For a young person with depression, identifying their own need for help can be very difficult.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Adult support is therefore essential, especially at an early stage, so that the affected young person receives help as early as possible, so that recovery is also accelerated.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Symptoms of depression in adolescents are often atypical and thus make it difficult to identify the disease early.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

A young person with depression may not experience himself as depressed, but may also be irritable, angry or cranky.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

For any young person suffering from long-term or severe anxiety, antisocial symptoms or problems with substance abuse, the possibility of depression should also be borne in mind.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Depression in adolescents is rarely clear and may also be accompanied by other disorders, serious bodily illnesses, other serious life problems or adversity, alcohol problem or concomitant personality disorder that, in the worst case, mask depression or take the main focus and even the possibility of suicide remains undetected.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Good relationships and family support, especially for children and adolescents, are factors that protect against depression.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[100] [101] Child depression A child's depression may resemble that of an adolescent.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Depression in infants and infants often manifests itself as a so-called anaclitic depression, which develops when an infant suddenly loses his mother or other important loved one.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Depression in infants can manifest as developmental stagnation or even regression, weight loss, profuse crying, irritability, permanently sad and joyless expression, and empty eye contact.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

The baby boomer moves only a little, does not suck enthusiastically and does not enjoy eating.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Sleep rhythm is disrupted, enthusiasm for the environment and curiosity is absent or low.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Depression in the baby is often associated with the difficulties of parents and the environment in meeting the needs of the baby.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Depression of play-age (3—5 yrs) can manifest as severity, sadness, irritability, scarcity of emotional expressions, mood swings and motor agitation, joylessness, sometimes aggression, strong expressions of disappointment, sometimes disobedience or elopement, sometimes as various somatic symptoms.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Often children complain that no one plays with them.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

In the clips, themes of failure, destruction and death appear, play with other children is reduced.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Depression in school age (6—12 years) is often manifested by downward mood, facial expressions and gestures.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Rejections, losses, reproaches, harm, death and suicide related to the topics of play may also be featured.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

School performances of the child deteriorate, body movements may slow down or accelerate, problems arise in companion relationships.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Often depression can manifest as fatigue, inability to concentrate, various somatic symptoms, aggression, bravado, or behavioral problems.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

Self-esteem is lowered, and self-image is negatively colored.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

[102] Elderly Depression See also Open Dialogue Treatment Model Psychotherapy Antidepressant Suicide Horse Depression Mood disorder List of known mood disorders Mental rehabilitation Serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine Psychedelic therapy Sources Neil Hardwick: Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Like Crazy| location = Helsing| publisher = Otava| year = 1999| version = From the script I'm still here: An unsuccesful suicide note translated by Juhani Lindholm| id = ISBN 951-1-15127-4}} CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Aku Kopakkala| title = Depression - The Great Serotonin Scam| publisher = Basam Books| year = 2015}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Mark Williams, John Teasdale, Zindel Segal & Jon Kabat-Zinn| title = Meaningfully disconnected from depression: mindful presence method| publisher = Basam Books| year = 2009| id = ISBN 978-952-5534-98-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Plot, Jukka| = title Multilingual depression: Everyday recipes for life disease treatment| location = Tampere| publisher = Equipoino| year = 2008| id = ISBN 978-951-768-229-9}}} On topic elsewhere, Health Library: Doctor Book Duodecim, Kustannus Oy Duodecim 2009, Hasse Karlsson LT, M.Sc., Professor of Integrative Neuroscience and Psychiatry, University of Turku and Hospital District/Psychiatry of Southwest Finland; Medical Journals Duodecim 2012, 128 (6) :622-6, Article ID: duo10165 (010.165), Ostrobothnian Depression Districts, Hospital Districts of Southern Ostrobothnia and Vaasa Outi Kokko: Taloussanoat 19.4.2012.


Question: Does electrotherapy affect sleep?

Depression

* Category:Mood Disorders Category:Neuropsychology Category:Psychiatry Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

Hydrogen is the first element in the periodic system.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

Its chemical marker is H ().


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

Hydrogen is a non-metal, but in the periodic system it is placed in the first main group together with alkali metals.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

The electrons of hydrogen are distributed over energy levels in the same way as alkali metals in general: it has only one electron, which is therefore its valence electron.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

At normal atmospheric pressure at room temperature, hydrogen is a colorless, odorless and tasteless, flammable, significantly lighter-than-air gas that occurs naturally as two-atom molecules (H2).


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

The melting point of hydrogen is −259°C and the boiling point is −253°C (approx.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

14 and 20 K).


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

The molar mass of hydrogen as per IUPAC standard is [1,00784; 1,00811] g/mol [1].


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

The most famous hydrogen compound is water with the molecular formula H2O.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

Despite its lightness, water occurs at room temperature as a liquid, due to hydrogen bonds between water molecules.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

Water has a high boiling point, which has made possible the emergence of life similar to the present.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

Hydrogen is most on Earth specifically in water molecules, and is 0.14% of the total mass of the Earth's crust.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

[2] Hydrogen is the most common element in the universe and serves as a fuel for stars in the fusion reactions that occur in them.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

Occurrence in the Universe Hydrogen is the most common element in the universe and accounts for about 74% of the mass of matter present in the universe.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

Of the atoms in the universe, 90% are hydrogen, 9% are helium, and 1% are other substances.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

Measurements made using spectroscopic instruments have found out that most of the Sun and other stars are hydrogen.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

[3] In the sun, hydrogen is continuously fused into helium.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

The reaction is vital to life on Earth, since without the energy generated by the Sun, Earth would not have enough heat for life.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

Hydrogen (and helium) was the first element in the universe, and other elements emerged later in stars as hydrogen fused [4].


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

Metallic hydrogen is at least theoretically possible at high pressure as in the cores of large planets, for example Jupiter.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

Attempts have been made to experimentally produce superconducting hydrogen even under laboratory conditions by lowering the required pressure by producing lithium and sodium hydrides.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

[5] On Earth, hydrogen is the tenth most common element on Earth, so it is clearly less common than elsewhere in the universe.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

Due to the lightness of hydrogen, it accounts for only 0.9% of Earth's total mass and even less of the crustal mass, about 0.15%.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

Of the mass of the universe, the proportion of hydrogen is thought to be as high as 73%.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

[2] [6] As a free element, hydrogen is rare on Earth and almost always appears bound to chemical compounds.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

However, small amounts of hydrogen gas may be released in volcanic eruptions and when drilling for oil.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

[3] Most hydrogen present on Earth is bound to water, which is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

Other naturally occurring inorganic hydrogen compounds include ammonium salts found in soil.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

Hydrogen is also present in almost every organic compound.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

Hydrocarbons only have carbon and hydrogen atoms.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

In other organic compounds, some of the hydrogen atoms are usually bound directly to a carbon atom, but some to an oxygen atom, for example, as in alcohols and carboxylic acids, or to a nitrogen atom as in amines.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

More complex organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen and other elements include such biologically important substances as proteins, fats and carbohydrates, as well as DNA.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

[3] Hydrogen is also committed in fossil fuels [7], of which petroleum and natural gas are predominantly hydrocarbons.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

Also, coal pores usually contain methane (mining gas), the simplest hydrocarbon.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

Seawater can become a fuel source if a controlled fusion operation is achieved on earth.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

Hydrogen is obtained from seawater to fuel a fusion reaction.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

[8] Properties Physical properties Pure hydrogen is a gas in normal conditions.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

Hydrogen gas (H2) is considerably lighter than air: at 0°C and normal atmospheric pressure, hydrogen has a density of about 0.09g/dm3, compared to 1.3g/dm3 air density under similar conditions.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

Also, when liquid and solid, hydrogen density is significantly lower than the densities of other elements in similar states.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

The density of liquid hydrogen at its boiling point is about 0.07g/cm3 and the density of solid hydrogen at its melting point is 0.0763g/cm3.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

[9] Hydrogen has the second lowest melting and boiling points of the elements, since only helium has a lower melting and boiling temperature than hydrogen.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

The melting point of hydrogen at 1,013 bar is −259.4°C and the boiling point is −252.9°C.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

Liquid hydrogen, first produced by British chemist James Dewar in 1898, is colorless otherwise except in large quantities, making it appear pale blue.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

Solid hydrogen is colorless.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

[10] Isotopes Hydrogen occurs naturally as three isotopes: 1H, 2H, and 3H.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

However, laboratories have also been able to synthesise other isotopes of hydrogen, namely 4H, 5H, 6H and 7H.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

They are very unstable and do not occur in nature.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

[11] [12] 1H, or protium (), or common hydrogen, is the most common isotope of hydrogen, representing 99.98% of all hydrogen atoms.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

There is only one proton in the isotope, which is where the name protium comes from.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

So there is not a single neutron in the nucleus of the isotope.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

2H or D, deuterium, (“the second”), is the second most common isotope of hydrogen, of which is about 0.015% of hydrogen on Earth.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

The nucleus of the isotope contains one neutron in addition to one proton.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

Deuterium is not radioactive and does not pose a significant risk of poisoning.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

A water molecule with deuterium instead of ordinary hydrogen is called heavy water.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

Heavy water is used, for example, in nuclear power plants in CANDU reactors as a retarder.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

[13] Many deuterized organic compounds, such as deutered chloroform, are used as solvents in NMR spectroscopy.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

[14] Deuterium will also be used as fuel in fusion reactors in the future.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

[15] 3H or T, tritium (“third”), is a very rare isotope of hydrogen with one proton and two neutrons in its nucleus.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

For all the hydrogen it is.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

Tritium is radioactive, and decays via beta decay to helium-3.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

Tritium has a half-life of about 12.32 years.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

[16] Tritium was discovered by Ernest Rutherford, M.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

L. Oliphant and Harteck in 1934 when they bombarded deuterium atoms with deuterons, i.e., nuclei of a deuterium atom.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

Small amounts of tritium form in the upper atmosphere when cosmic rays strike nitrogen molecules.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

[16] Tritium can also be produced in reactors by bombarding lithium-6 with neutrons.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

[15] Tritium can exist as gaseous, but most commonly in a form where one of the protium atoms of a water molecule has been replaced by it.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

[16] Electrons generated in the decay of tritium can excite electrons from other substances, so it is used as a self-illuminating agent in wristwatch displays and exit road signs.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

[17] Other applications are as a marker in isotope geochemistry and medicine for the study of drug metabolism [16] [18].


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

One of the most promising fusion reactions in terms of energy production is the fusion of deuterium and tritium.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

It releases energy of 16 MeV, but requires a temperature of about 40 million kelvins.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

[15] Ortho- and paravety Multi-atomic molecules may have so-called spin isomers.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

With hydrogen, there are two of them: ortho- and paravety.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

Their existence was discovered by R. Mecke in 1924 spectroscopically, and explained by Werner Heisenberg using quantum mechanics in 1927.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

In orthohydrogen, the spins of the atoms of the hydrogen molecule are parallel to each other and opposite in paravid.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

There are differences in the physical properties of these isomers, and their melting and boiling points, vaporization heats, and heat capacities differ.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

For example, orthohydrogen has a boiling point of 0.24°C higher than paravedic.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

Also, hydrogen compounds such as water have their ortho- and paraisomers.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

[19] [20] [21] At room temperature, 75% of hydrogen is orthoform and the remainder is parahydrogen.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

In liquid hydrogen, the paraform prevails instead because it is then more stable, and at absolute zero point, all hydrogen is parahydrogen.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

Ortho- and paravety are in kinetic equilibrium.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

Orthohydrogen can mutate into a para-isomer.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

Transformation is exothermic, that is, heat release, which causes hydrogen gas to evaporate from its storage bottles.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

To minimize loss, hydrogen gas is passed through aqueous iron (III) oxide in the liquefaction phase.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

Iron (III) oxide, platinum, palladium, or nitrogen monoxide act as catalysts and convert orthohydrogen into paravidex.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

[22] [23] [20] [21] Chemical properties Location in the periodic system According to established practice, hydrogen is placed in the first column of alkali metals in the periodic system.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

However, hydrogen differs in several ways from other elements in the group: for example, it does not react with water like lithium, sodium or potassium, and is generally considered a nonmetal.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

However, from a chemical point of view, hydrogen also has metallic properties such as a positive oxidation rate.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

Sometimes hydrogen is placed in halogens, or 17th group, because the structure of hydrogen is close to that of halogens, that is, one electron away from the full electron shell.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

Today, IUPAC recommends hydrogen to be placed so that it is an elemental element of the first period in the top row of the periodic system, in the middle of the table so that it does not belong to any of the main groups.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

[24] [25] The most common oxidation number of hydrogen is +I, but a few metals may coalesce with hydrogen into hydrides where its oxidation number is exceptionally −I.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

The ionization energy of hydrogen is about 1310kJ/mol, therefore much higher than that of actual alkali metals, where it is around 400—500kJ/mol.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

In this respect, hydrogen resembles more like halogens.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

Also, the electronegativity of hydrogen is much higher than that of actual alkali metals.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

Hydrogen is linked to alkali metals, however, by its low electron affinity, that is, the energy that is released or bound when one electron is added to the atom of an element in gaseous form.


Question: Are neutrons needed to make radioactive materials?

Hydrogen

The electron affinity of hydrogen is 73kJ/mol, i.e., hydrogen binds energy 73kJ/mol.