Question: When did the maiden flight of the Mitsubishi A5M fighter jet take place?

Mitsubishi A5M

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Question: When did the maiden flight of the Mitsubishi A5M fighter jet take place?

Mitsubishi A5M

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Question: When did the maiden flight of the Mitsubishi A5M fighter jet take place?

Mitsubishi A5M

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Question: When did the maiden flight of the Mitsubishi A5M fighter jet take place?

Mitsubishi A5M

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Question: When did the maiden flight of the Mitsubishi A5M fighter jet take place?

Mitsubishi A5M


Question: When did the maiden flight of the Mitsubishi A5M fighter jet take place?

Mitsubishi A5M

References A5M Class:Japanese fighter aircraft Class:1930s fighter aircraft


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Alcoholism, that is, alcohol dependence (lat.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

alcoholismus, ICD-10: F10.2 [1]) is a disease in which the sufferer feels a compulsive need to drink alcohol.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Alcoholism is a condition in which the ability to control alcohol use is definitively lost.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Alcoholism is one of the forms of substance addiction.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

It is impossible for an alcoholic to control his drinking, so he suffers from both physical and psychological addiction and withdrawal symptoms.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Alcoholism can be divided into two species: seasonal (Alcoholismus episodicus) and continuous drinking (Alcoholismus chronicus).


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

One to two per cent of Finns are alcoholics.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Alcoholism is heritable and occurs in certain genera: some people are more congenitally prone to alcoholise regardless of habitat than others [2].


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Alcoholism can also mean prolonged or repeated overuse of alcohol.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

[3] It negatively affects an individual's life through accidents and economic harm, as well as causing health harm such as injuries, liver and spleen problems, and gastrointestinal cancers.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Alcoholics often hide their drinking [4] and promise to stop drinking [5].


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Alcoholism is not a justification for disability if it is not caused by organ defects.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Alcoholism is the cause of an increasing number of disability pensions.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

[6] Alcoholism and mental health problems are often linked, i.e. the background of alcoholism reveals a mental health problem [7] in which case it is a so-called double diagnosis.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Alcohol consumption, high consumption and alcoholism In 2007, alcohol consumption in Finland was 10.5 litres per capita per year.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

[8] High consumers of alcohol are at risk for alcoholism.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

High consumption of alcohol is a lifestyle that cannot yet be classified as alcoholism, i.e.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

the actual addiction has not yet developed.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Despite this, high consumption is harmful in many ways and endangers health.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Persons who regularly drink alcohol above the risk limit are considered to be a major consumer of alcohol.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

For men, this limit is 24 doses and 16 doses per week for women.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

[9] In order to reduce the health harm of alcohol, abstinence or alcohol consumption is recommended to a level of no harm on average (the risk limit is considered 1.5 for women and 3 doses per day for men).


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

[10] One serving of alcohol is, for example, one small bottle (0.33 l) of medium beer or cider, one glass (12 cl) of light wine or a drink (4 cl) of 40% liquor.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

According to a survey by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 10% of major U.S. alcohol consumers are alcoholics.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Major consumers were defined as men who consumed at least 15 doses of alcohol per week and 8 servings per week by women.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

[11] Overall 90% of large consumers are not alcoholics.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Of those surveyed who reported drinking ten times or more times a month, only a third were found to be alcoholics.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

[12] Health consequences Effects on the brain and nervous system Abundant and long-term alcohol consumption is often associated with factors such as inability to concentrate, irritability, insomnia and loss of appetite.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Alcohol prevents the emergence of new neurons and connections between them, leading to memory and learning problems early on, and later even brain atrophy [13].


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Cerebral tissue loss is a disease even more common than cirrhosis in alcoholics, and large consumers often experience impairment of memory and reasoning ability, decreased initiative and motor problems [13].


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Quitting drinking improves performance, but if the changes are large, full recovery to the former level may no longer occur [13].


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Damage to the nervous system associated with high alcohol consumption is a major health problem and, for example, white brain matter loss is more common in alcoholics than cirrhosis.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

A symptom of white brain matter loss is dementia, which can be detected by neuropsychological tests on average in every second major consumer of alcohol.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Mild dementia has occasionally been observed to rectify during the long sober season.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

In contrast, the front of the cerebellum appears to be destroyed, often permanently, and a typical symptom of alcohol-induced cerebellar atrophy is walking insecurity.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

However, the most serious brain damage is brain injuries caused through accidents, more than half of which were sustained while drunk.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Accidental brain injuries are three times more common in alcoholics than the average in the general population.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Alcohol also increases the risk of cerebral artery occlusion and leakage under the plaque.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Long-term use of alcohol can cause almost any neurological symptom or finding.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

[14] Thumble|Effects of alcohol on the body (in English) Alcohol may cause blockages and ruptures of cerebral arteries when abundant ingested, which can lead to a lack of oxygen that corrupts the brain.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

A strong state of hops can lead to brain damage, especially in young people, because they have too low blood sugar levels and the brain's energy supply is inhibited [13].


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Alcoholics have a higher than usual risk of dying from a stroke.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

[15] Effects on mental health Alcoholism can also cause mental disorders such as alcoholic psychosis.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

One of the alcoholic psychoses is drunkenness, or delirium tremens, which can follow from the abrupt end of heavy drinking.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Another form of alcoholic psychosis, alcoholic sensitivity manifests itself as palpable hallucinations.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Delirium doesn't include it.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Overconsumption of alcohol can additionally cause depression and panic or other anxiety disorders [16].


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Alcohol-induced brain damage and neurological diseases can also arise during the alcohol cessation phase unless, among other things, the vitamin balance has been able to be taken care of during the alcohol cessation phase, [17] the strongest evidence supports the contribution of vitamin B1 deficiency in Wernicke and Korsakoff syndromes pathogenesis.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

[18] [19] Alcoholics experience more depressive symptoms than normal.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

[15] Alcoholism always includes a psychological dependence on alcohol — not physical alone.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Alcoholism is often treated with both therapy and drug therapy.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Somatic consequences Abundant and prolonged alcohol consumption is often accompanied by sweating, thirst, heart palpitations, diarrhea, poor bowel function and constipation, decreased general condition or premature aging.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Alcohol also affects the body's hormonal system by altering the hormone production of many endocrine glands [20].


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Abundant consumption of alcohol often also brings with it organ diseases such as fatty liver, later alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis, which can have dramatic effects on balance senses and vision in low light conditions.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Alcohol also predisposes to many cancers (see.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

alcohol and cancer).


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Long-term alcohol consumption also predisposes to myocardial damage and body muscle degeneration [21].


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Those drinking large portions, i.e. four to six restaurant servings at once, have an increased risk of death from a heart attack [15].


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Types of Alcoholism Alcoholism is a condition in which alcohol has already developed an addiction.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

[22] [23] It is life-threatening in advanced development and often ends in death; especially due to liver disease and internal bleeding.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Among alcoholics, there are additionally risks of getting alcohol poisoning, getting into accidents under the influence of alcohol, dying as a victim of violence, or committing suicide.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Alcoholic diseases usually also affect those close to an alcoholic.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Currently, alcoholics are predominantly male, but the number of female alcoholics has also increased in recent years.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

In the youth portion, girls' alcohol consumption has outstripped boys' alcohol consumption in some age groups.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Alcohol addiction is very hard for many to break off.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Among the first symptoms of alcoholism is an increase in tolerance.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

This is very dangerous over time, because at some point there will be a boundary against it, and the cells will be damaged.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

At that time, it becomes even more difficult for an alcoholic to disengage, as at this stage the performance increases as a result of drinking alcohol, and withdrawal symptoms are severe.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

It is a dangerous situation, as resilience has dropped by that time.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

[22] The tendency to alcoholism is partly genetic.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Alcoholism is also divided into different types of subtypes.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Alcoholism appears to be at least associated with the functioning of the serotonin- and dopamine-mediated neural systems.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

[24] It has been suspected that, for example, type I alcoholism develops only if, as a result of dopamine metabolism, a person receives an oversized dopamine stimulation from ethanol, and in this case the euphorising effect of alcohol is overwhelming: an immediate desire for more alcohol is the result.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

[22] Dipsomania means seasonal drunkenness: dipsomania is characterised by heavy drinking tubes lasting days or weeks, with distinct periods between them.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

A puliukko (also boltsari in slang translation) is a folksy term for a decadent alcoholic who is a person who has fallen out of society entirely, who, for example, has no housing and whose social contacts are mostly limited to other alcoholics and police officers.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

The word puliukko comes from the Swedish word polityrgubbe and refers to the habit of degenerative alcoholics seeking intoxication in all available products, such as furniture polisher (“pulituuri” or “puli”), where the polishes were dissolved in the alcohol.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

[25] Type I alcoholism In type I alcoholism, the function of the dopamine system of the brain's pleasure center appears to be reduced.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Periods of excessive alcohol consumption and full sobriety or low alcohol consumption vary in the lives of alcoholics suffering from type I alcoholism.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

This group, wind drunks, would seem to include about 80% of alcoholics.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

They also appear to have fewer dopamine binding sites than healthy controls.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Type II Alcoholism Type II Alcoholism, which is most often a form of alcoholism that begins in adolescence, is often accompanied by disorders of impulse control, among other things.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

[22] A type II alcoholic often starts drinking at quite young ages and quickly becomes addicted, unlike a type I alcoholic whose development of addiction can occur slowly over several years.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Type II alcoholics have not often been diagnosed with a lack of dopamine, for example; the disorder is likely to be associated with another neurotransmitter system in the brain, such as the serotonenergetic system.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

There are different degrees of alcoholism type II.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Some of the people who suffer from it just boob constantly, some drink unreasonably constantly.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Type II alcoholism appears to have an association with issues such as experience-seeking and antisocial personality, often involving violent behaviour and domestic violence (particularly involving aggression when drunk).


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

[22] [26] Type II alcoholism is often accompanied by strong impulsivity, aggressiveness, and antisociality.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

This type of alcoholic also often does not experience alcohol consumption as a problem and therefore does not seek to sober up himself.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Type II alcoholism, linked to crime and violence, accounts for approximately 15 to 20 per cent of alcoholism.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

In type II alcoholism, there appears to be at least heritability of predisposition.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

The well-known abstinence education book “Turmiolan Tommi" [27] describes a male type II alcoholic, and this type of addiction is more common in men.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Treatment of Alcoholism Different types of treatment models have been developed for the treatment of alcoholism.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Treatment can simultaneously combine both medical and therapeutic therapy to obtain the best result.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Therapeutic Treatment and Peer Support Therapeutic therapies are mostly therapeutically operated psychological change and support interventions that seek to support a change in sobriety and help learn other types of anxiety and stress management methods than alcohol consumption, as well as learning new modes of regulation of emotion.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Support for the cessation of alcohol use is available in addition to public health care on the social side in substance abuse treatment units [28] and from a number of private foundations and organisations, the best known of which are the A Clinic Foundation and Alcoholics Anonymous.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Alcoholics Anonymous or AA is an international peer support community where alcoholics strive to achieve sobriety and stay sober [29].


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

The AA is fully self-sufficient and is funded only by its own members [30].


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

A-clinics provide treatment and rehabilitation services for alcoholics as well as perform preventive substance abuse work.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

The A clinics operate with the support of the Health and Social Care Organisations Assistance Centre and funded by municipalities [31].


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

A mini-intervention by quick-trained amateur psychologists has been trialled in three weeks in India to treat depression and alcoholism.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Preliminary results are promising.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

[32] Medical treatment Inter alia disulfiram (antabus), naltrexone [33], acamprosate [34] and topiramate [35] have been used to prevent actual alcohol consumption.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Severe to moderate acute withdrawal symptoms may be medicated with, for example, long-acting benzodiazepines [36].


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Interventions also include tackling health damage associated with quitting alcohol consumption by, among other things, worrying about levels of vitamin B1, which if left untreated can lead to brain damage.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

In the treatment of alcoholism, anti-depressants are also used, among other things, because cessation of alcohol consumption is often accompanied by depression, among other things.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

See also A Guild AA Movement Al-Anon Alcohol Use Minnesota Treatment Sobriety Rat Park Finnish Alcohol Culture Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Graham, James| title = Drunk Crazies in Power Handle: Encrypted by Alcoholism history| location = Helsinki| publisher = Thought | year = 2006| version = (The secret history of alcoholism: The story of famous alcoholics and their destructive behavior, 1994.)


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Translated by Heikki Salojärvi| id = ISBN 951-20-7159-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kojo, Raimo O.| title = Get rid of booze: New views on alcoholism and attitude | location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 1998| id = ISBN 951-154-176}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Koistinen, Sponge| title = Is there too much: Alcohol use and its consequences| location = Helsinki| publisher = University Weight| year = 1994| id = ISBN 951-570-190-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Koponen, Anne| title = Fates of silence: Children exposed to intoxication during the fetal period | location = Helsinki| publisher = Kotu| year = 2004| id = ISBN 951-580-388-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kujasalo, Anne & Nykänen, Hannele| title = Wine: Woman alcohol trap| publisher = Helsinki: Book Workshop.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Orimattila: Mill Care Association| year = 2005| id = ISBN 951-607-216-X}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Loiri-Blacksmith, Lilli (ed.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

) | title = Survival stories| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gummerus| year = 2010| id = ISBN 978-951-20-7722-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Seppänen, Juhani| title = Clearly drunk | location = Helsing| publisher = Otava| year = 2006| id = ISBN 951-1-20914-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Isoviita, Kikka & Nyman-Janatuinen, Eija| title = Bad girl: Hooked on booze, men and work| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 2011| id = ISBN 978-951-1-24945-0}} Citation error, replace with {cite book| author = Toiviainen, Seppo| title = Heel table suction: Drunk culture as choice and compulsion| location = Helsinki| publisher = Tambi| year= 1997| id = ISBN 951-31-1049-4}} On topic elsewhere Tapio Ollikainen:.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

University Gazette 6/2008. Yle Satakunta on 12 April 2012.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Laitinen, Jorma:.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

so & thus 4/1997, 48—53.


Question: How much has alcohol use gone up?

Alcoholism

Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Singapore (; Chinese:新; Pinyin:Xīnjiāpō;), officially called the Republic of Singapore (; in Malay: Republik Singapura; Chinese:新; Pinyin:Xīnjiāpō Gònghéguó; in Tamil:), Ciŋkappūr Kudiyarasu), is a city-state in Southeast Asia.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Singapore lies 137kilometres north of the equator, on the islands at the southern tip of the Malaka Peninsula, the most notable of which is its main island.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

North of Singapore on the other side of the Johor Strait is the Malaysian state of Johor, to the south the Strait of Singapore separates the country from the Riaus Islands, which belong to Indonesia.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[1] Singapore is one of the most densely populated cities in the world; its main island is home to more than five million people, about a fifth of whom are migrant workers from neighbouring countries.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

More than three-quarters of the population are Chinese, Malays make up about 15% and Indians about 8%.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[2] [1] Singapore became a British colony in 1819, and in 1867 it was merged into the Strait Colonies.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

In World War II, Japan occupied Singapore.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

From 1963 to 1965, Singapore was part of Malaysia, but gained independence from it in 1965 due to disagreements.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Following its independence, Singapore developed into Southeast Asia's most substantial port and trading post.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The country's economy is based on trade, downstream industries and banking.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[2] Geography Physical Geography and Climate Singapore consists of a strait-shaped main island and the small, mostly uninhabited islands around it.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

To the south of the islands is Singapore Strait.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Approximately the size of the Finnish metropolitan area, about 40km in diameter, the island is located at 1°22 N latitude.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[3] Between 1965 and 1987, as a result of an extensive land fill programme, the area of the island increased from 586 square kilometres to 636 square kilometres.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

There are 193km of coastline.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Of Singapore's smaller islands, Jurong Island, Pulau Tekong, Pulau Ubin and Sentosa are the largest.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[4] [5] The highest geographical point in Singapore is the 164 metre high Bukit Timah, located in the central part of the main island with many granite hills.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

There are low but steep hill lines in the western and southwestern parts of the island.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The eastern part of the island is instead formed by a flat floodplain into which streams have burst steep-edged valleys.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[3] Singapore has many short rivers, some of which descend into lagoons, mangrove zones or extensive estuaries.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The largest rivers have been dammed into reservoirs.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[3] Two new reservoirs were opened in 2011, after which rainwater is collected from two-thirds of Singapore's area recovered.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[6] Rainwater satisfies half of Singapore's water needs, the rest is supplied from Malaysia.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

In addition, water resources are recycled.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[7] Desalination installations using seawater provide 10% of the water needs.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[8] The climate of Singapore is, according to the Köppen climate classification, a tropical climate with no distinct seasons.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Its climate is characterized by uniform temperature and atmospheric pressure, high relative humidity of air and abundant rainfall.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The temperature ranges from 23 to 35°C.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Relative humidity averages around 90 percent in the morning and 60 percent in the afternoon.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

During prolonged periods of abundant rainfall, relative humidity can often be 100 percent.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Prior to the spread of human settlement, the island was covered with tropical rainforest and mangrove crops.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[3] Cityscape The actual city of Singapore is located in the southern part of the main island, but with urbanization the boundaries between urban and rural areas have become blurred.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The government's Housing and Development Board has distributed services to different areas of settlement, and about four-fifths of citizens now live in high-rise tower blocks in residential areas of the city of Singapore, or in so-called new towns, which include Woodlands, Tampines and Yishun.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Traditional Chinese trading houses have faded away from Singapore's old city, too, to make way for new buildings.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

In addition, there are a few more traditional Malay villages built on piles.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[9] The Indian district of Singapore Little India is located on the east side of the Singapore River, north of Kampong Glam.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Its center, Mustafa Center, is open almost around the clock, and there are many Indian restaurants in the area.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Similarly, the centre of Chinese culture is Chinatown, which, in addition to restaurants and low-cost shopping venues, houses a museum about the city's Chinese history.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

A Buddhist temple completed in Chinatown in 2007, the Buddha Tooth Relic Temple and Museum, preserves the Buddha's tooth.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[10] More than 1.6 million guests visit Singapore Zoo each year.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The animals are not behind bars, and feeding shows and elephant working shows are held at the zoo.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

There are more than 300 species of animals, about 2800 animal specimens.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[11] Nor are the birds in the Jurong Bird Park in separate cages; the 20-hectare park consists of four large cages, which visitors have access to pass among the birds.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Approximately 900,000 visitors visit the park each year.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[12] Other attractions include the 165 metre high Singapore Flyer Ferris Wheel, Universal Studios Amusement Park, Science Centre on Jurong Island, Botanical Gardens, historic Raffles Hotel and the modern Marina Bay Sands Hotel Casino and Entertainment Centre.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[10] Nature Only small areas remain of Singapore's native nature, such as riverine rainforests and coastal mangrove.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Many plants have been imported to the island from abroad, mainly for ornamental use.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Among the mammalian species, the largest on the island are the Javanese macaque, slowlori and Malay ant cone.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[9] Nearly four thousand species of tube plants grow in the Singapore region.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

364 species of birds, 295 different species of day flies, 98 species of reptiles, 52 species of mammals, 28 species of amphibians and 255 different species of rock corals have been found there.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[13] Of the region's native species, more than half occur in protected areas alone, and many species have become extinct.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[14] Approximately half of Singapore's area is green spaces, and five per cent has been pacified as nature reserves.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The Singapore Parks Department manages about 300 parks and nature reserves.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

One of the most popular parks is East Coast Park, which is visited by about seven million visitors each year.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[13] Protected sites include Bukit Timah Conservation Area, Labrador Conservation Area and Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve, [15] as well as the extensive Central Catchment Nature Reserve (CCNR).


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[16] History Early stages The location of the present-day Singapore region at the southern tip of the Malaka Peninsula was early on at the crossroads of Southeast Asian trade routes.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Through it passed trade routes from India and Arabia to China and from the rest of the Malay archipelago to China and India on the other.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

In the 6th century, the area of Singapore became part of the Srivijaya Empire and there is thought to be a miniature port.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

In the 14th century, the present island of Singapore was also known as Temasek.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The early town of Temasek was located at the mouth of the present-day Singapore River.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[17] [18] In 1299, the ruler of Srivijaya's capital, Palembang on Sumatra, established a trading base on the island and renamed it Singapura ('lion city').


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[17] The origin of the name is told according to the story to be invented by Sang Nila Utama, Prince of Srivijaya, he is reported to have seen an animal ashore that he thought was a lion.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Singapore's name derives from the Malay word singa (lion), which again derives from the Sanskrit same meaning word सिं, SimHa, and from the Sanskrit word पुर, pura (city).


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[19] The Srivijaya Empire gradually regressed, and the kingdom disintegrated in the 14th century.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The break-up was mainly due to the increase in power of merchant ships coming from China's direction.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Srivijaya was also a frequent target of attacks from the direction of Java and Siam.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

With the dissolution, the new emerging great powers of the region, Majapahit and the Ayutthaya Kingdom sought the region for themselves.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[17] [20] King Paramesvara of Palembang fled the 1388 conquests of Majapahit to Singapura, where he received refuge.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

However, he assassinated the ruler of Singapura and usurped power for himself.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

However, his rule lasted only a few years before he relocated to Malaka, where he established his new centre of power, as Malaka on the mainland was in a more sheltered place against the Majapahites.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

In Malaka, Paramesvara converted to Islamism and founded in 1414 the Malacca Sultanate, which soon conquered Singapura as well.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[17] In the 16th century Europeans arrived in Southeast Asia.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The Portuguese conquered the Malacca Sultanate in 1511.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The Sultan of Malacca fled to Johor and established the Johore Sultanate there, to which Singapura also belonged.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[21] The Portuguese burned down the trading base of Singapura in 1611, and the island was left without significant settlement for a couple of centuries.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[17] Establishment of Singapore in the 18th century The Sultanate of Johore began the cultivation of gambiir lucrative for trade and due to huge demand, its cultivation was also started on the island of Singapore in the early 19th century.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[17] During the same period around the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, Britain and Holland engaged in a heated struggle over their colonial status in the Malay archipelago.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Holland had lost territory because of wars in Europe.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The British conquered Java in 1811 but it was returned back to the Dutch as early as 1816.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[22] [23] After the loss of Java, Britain wanted to reassert its dominance in the Malakansas Strait, and in 1818 Thomas Stamford Raffles, who served as Governor of Java, was ordered to seek a new location for a British trading port.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

On 29 January 1819, Raffles beached at the mouth of the Singapore River, where a few hundred people lived at that time.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The area was formally ruled by the Sultan of Johore, with whom Raffles began negotiations to establish a base.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[24] [25] Meanwhile, a dispute over the succession of power was underway in Johore after the death of the Sultan.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Raffles positioned himself to support Tengku Hussein, an older son living in exile, although Britain and Holland had already recognised the younger son Abdul Rahman as the new Sultan.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

On 6 February 1819, Raffles and Hussein signed an agreement whereby the English East Indies Trade Company was allowed to establish a trading colony on the island and at the same time Hussein was recognised as the legitimate sultan of the Johore Sultanate.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Raffles's self-initiated activities rubbed relations between the British and the Dutch.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[24] The newly established Singapore was very successful from the outset, with the main reason being its status as a free port for East Indian commerce.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

It attracted not only merchants but also a permanent population to Singapore.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The new Sultan Hussein of Johore built his palace there, because of which many Malays moved there.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Another large group of migrants were the Chinese in the Southeast Asian region, who hoped to benefit from free trade that they did not have access to elsewhere.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[24] Raffles left the colony after the establishment, and was left to be led by William Farquhar.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The administration's budget was negligible, and because of its free-port status, it received no revenue from customs duties.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

To patch up the budget, Farquhar legalized gambling as well as the sale of opium and strong arrac liquor, causing major organizational problems.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Singapore's other bigger problem was the wads between immigrant groups.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Raffles returned to Singapore in October 1822 and began planning a new town.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Administrative and business blocks came to the coast and ethnic groups were given their own, separate neighbourhoods.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Raffles also overhauled the administration.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[24] Raffles also sought to reduce the power of the Sultan of Johore and the upper class and succeeded in doing so in June 1823, when the Johoreans agreed to a fixed monthly allowance.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Before Raffles returned to Britain in October 1823, he appointed John Crawfurd as Resident of Singapore.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Crawfurd continued Raffles' fight against slavery and piracy, but nevertheless re-legalised gambling.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Singapore's status as part of the British Empire was strengthened by the Treaty between Britain and Holland on 17 March 1824.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The treaty split the Malay archipelago in two, along the Malakansas Strait, with the British gaining the northern part (the Malaka Peninsula and Singapore) and the Dutch the southern parts.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[24] Altogether Singapore passed under British control in August 1824 when Crawfurd secured a negotiated treaty with the Johore Sultanate.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

By treaty, the British gained Singapore and all islands within 10 miles of it.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[26] Singapore grew very rapidly; by 1824 Singapore already had 11000 inhabitants [23] and by the 1870s there were already nearly one hundred thousand people living in the area.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[22] Many commodities were traded in the region, including spices, tea, opium, products from plantations and forests, tin and cloth.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

75% of the inhabitants were Chinese emigrants who served as traders, as well as gambiir and pepper breeders.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[22] The Straits Colonies of the East India Trade Company formed in 1826 an administrative area, the Strait Settlements, which included Malacca, Singapore and Penang.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[23] [27] Penang served first as the capital, but Singapore was made the capital of the Strait Colonies in 1832.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

However, the colonial bureaucracy proved burdensome and costly, and the Strait Colonies were soon transferred to the governor-general of India.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The colonies were not happy with the situation, however, as their economic ties were chiefly to London.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Furthermore, the Indian administration continually sought to revoke the colonies' free-port status, and India was unable to properly protect the settlements against pirates.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The colonies became a crown colony on April 1, 1861.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[27] In this case it also received its own governorship.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The Governor was assisted by an Executive Council and Legislative Council, in which Singapore played a leading role.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[28] Singapore saw a strong increase in trade in the 19th century.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Commerce was based on transit trade.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

In trading between Europeans and Chinese, Chinese brokers played a key role.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Because Chinese brokers used consignment, the risks of doing business were high.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The main problem of trading was pirates from Mindanao and northern Borneo.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

In the 1850s, pirates even crippled trade between Singapore and Kochinchina.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Piracy was brought under control by entering the 1860s.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

It was substantially influenced by the growing influence of European colonial powers in Southeast Asia, as well as the 1860 treaties with China.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[27] In the 19th century, the settlement of Singapore was concentrated in the harbour area and its immediate surroundings.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The rest of the island was jungle and mangrove.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Farming had been attempted with little success in the 1830s and 1840s.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The only successful crops were pepper and gambir.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

An abundance of firewood was required for breeding Gambiir, at the end of which the plantations moved to the new area.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Coming into the 1860s, most of the island's jungle had been beaten and gambire farmers moved across the strait to Johore.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[27] The largest population group in Singapore were the Chinese who had migrated to the island from the Malay Archipelago and the Malaka Peninsula.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Towards the end of the 19th century, more and more Chinese from the southern provinces of China also migrated to Singapore.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

In the first half of the 19th century, Malays were still the second largest population group in Singapore, but towards the end of the century the second largest group were Indians.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

A significant proportion of Indians were former prisoners.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[27] Towards the end of the 19th century, Singaporean businessmen were increasingly interested in the riches of the Malaka Peninsula.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Singapore had long been the centre of transit trade in the Malay archipelago, but now became a transit point for Chinese labour.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Among other things passed through Singapore were Chinese, some of whom remained permanently in Singapore.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The colonial administration established a Chinese protectorate in 1877, with William A. Pickering as its first protector.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Initially, the Protectorate was intended only to protect incoming migrants from exploitation, but soon its mandate also included eliminating forced prostitution.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[28] Singapore's position as a trading centre was further strengthened in the latter half of the 19th century.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The opening of the Suez Canal made the Malakansas Strait the most popular route to the East Indies.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The new steamers required additional fuel at regular distances, and Singapore was one of the refuelling points.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Commerce was also buoyed by the ever-expanding influence of colonial powers from Southeast Asia and the opening up of Thailand under King Chulalongkorn.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Singapore had previously focused mainly on commerce, but in the 1890s light industry was also established in Singapore, refining tin from the Malaka Peninsula, among other things, for the needs of the automotive industry.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[28] The organization of the defence of Singapore had been an ongoing problem since the establishment of Singapore.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

However, traders were staunchly opposed to any taxes and fees needed for defence.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

However, British-Russian relations deteriorated due to Afghanistan in 1886 so much that Britain began fortification work on Singapore.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Traders were also forced to contribute to this, although the sums remained less than what Britain had originally demanded.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The defeat of Russia in the Russo-Japanese War of 1905 calmed the situation in Asia for Britain, and the organization of Singapore's defences was no longer a priority.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The First World War had little effect on Singapore.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[28] The national awakening of the Malaka Peninsula began slowly in the mid-1920s.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The Malay Society of Singapore, the first political party of Malaysian Malays, was founded in Singapore in 1926.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

It did not oppose British colonial rule but was above all opposed to Chinese merchants, whose hands were basically the economy and local government of the entire Malaka Peninsula.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

In the 1930s, Singapore became a hub for Malay opposition due to the lack of free scope for action for the opposition elsewhere in the Malay archipelago.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[29] World War II Japan's trading power in the Malaka Peninsula region grew in the 1930s and became a major competitor to Europeans.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

By the time of the Depression of the 1930s, Japan was perceived as an increasingly high threat in Europe, leading Europeans to begin to impose constraints on Japanese products imported into colonial territories.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Japan felt left more isolated and the United States and Britain were perceived as hostile states.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[30] World War II spread to Singapore in February 1942.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Japan attacked first attacked Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941 and destroyed most of the U.S. Pacific Fleet.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The next day, Japan began the Pacific War by coming ashore in the northern part of the Malaka Peninsula on 8 December 1941.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The Battle of Malay was fought from 8 December 1941 to 31 January 1942.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

By February 1942, Japan had conquered the entire Malaka Peninsula.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[31] [30] The Japanese continued their advance to Singapore Island and from 8 to 15.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

On February 1942, the Battle of Singapore was fought.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[32] The British resources were in the war in Europe, and insufficient investment had been put into the defence of Singapore.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[30] After the Battle of Singapore, the British Army surrendered unconditionally.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[31] [33] At least 5000 Chinese were executed in Singapore by Japanese occupiers and [33] and Europeans were taken to concentration camps.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[30] In Japanese-occupied Singapore, conditions for the population were abysmal.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Tens of thousands of people were killed in Japanese atrocities.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

In addition, the population died from starvation and disease.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Singapore was occupied by Japan for three and a half years.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[30] [25] Japanese forces surrendered only after atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[30] Post-war period and self-rule following the surrender of Japan on 15 August 1945, the British returned to the Malaka Peninsula three weeks later.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The Malaka Peninsula was important to the Britons because of its natural resources, because the eruption of colonial rule that began elsewhere nipped the natural resources needed to rebuild Britain.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

In October 1945, the British announced the establishment of the Malay Federation.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

It would include not only the nine Malacca Peninsula Sultanates, but also the Strait Settlements.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The British decision triggered a fierce storm of protest.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

On the one hand there was opposition to the domination of the British in the Malay League, and on the other hand the Singaporean Chinese.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

As a result, the Malays established the United Malay National Organization (UMNO) with the aim of preventing the emergence of the Malay Federation.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

In talks between UMNO and British administration, the British abandoned the planned Malay alliance.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The British of that rank established in February 1948 the Federation of Malay, to which Singapore was not a part.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[34] After the establishment of the Federation, Singapore continued to remain a British crown colony.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[35] Following the 1955 election, David Marshall became the first official Prime Minister (“Chief Minister”) of the Crown Colony of Singapore, although Singapore did not have full autonomy, so his powers were incomplete.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Marshall's period at the head of the country was difficult, as pro-communism forces sought to destabilise the government by launching strike campaigns.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Unrest erupted in the country as authorities sought to break up illegal picket cordons.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The British were not willing to grant the country full autonomy, as there was fear of communist influence in Europe and it was not believed that Singapore could prevent riots.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[36] Confederation and Independence In the 1959 elections, Lee Kuan Yew of the PAP saw the rise of Lee Kuan Yew of the PAP, who first cut civil servants' salaries, forced laborers to abandon their demands for wage increases and abolished opposition newspapers.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[37] With the coming to power of the PAP, there was a fear in Britain that Singapore was developing into a communist state.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

However, party leader Lee himself was not pro-communist.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[25] [38] Lee and Malay Federal Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman began discussions on confederation in 1961.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Singapore felt that it would be difficult to survive as an independent state, and the British, for fear of communism, did not want to recognise full independence.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[25] [38] The confederation came to fruition on 16 September 1963, with the establishment of the present state of Malaysia.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

After the creation of Malaysia, Lee continued to remain Prime Minister of Singapore, so Malaysia had two prime ministers at the same time.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[37] The creation of a Malaysian state was not approved by neighboring Indonesia.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The country's president, Sukarno, felt that Sarawak and Sabah, which are annexed to Malaysia, on the island of Borneo, should also belong to Indonesia.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Indonesia initiated a violent conflict against Malaysia known as Konfrontas, with disputes over control of Sabah and Sarawak.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Singapore was also targeted with terror and Indonesia sought to create political instability in Singapore by spreading political propaganda, especially among Singapore's Malay population.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[36] The Malay population of Singapore had hoped that accession to Malaysia would bring them the same privileges that the Malay majority of the Malay federal Malay majority prior to confederation.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

There was no acceptance within the PAP that Malay domination would spread to Singapore.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Similarly, UMNO, which holds power on the Malaysian mainland, feared Singapore's Chinese population and Lee's high popularity among it, as the country had a sizeable Chinese minority.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[38] The accession to Malaysia had also been a disappointment in Singapore, as the country did not want tax funds to flow to the poorest regions of Malaysia.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

There was also no progress in the implementation of the common market.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[38] [36] As the Konfrontas continued, Kuala Lumpur also required a greater share of Singapore's revenues to sustain increased national defence expenditure.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Political tensions between Kuala Lumpur and Singapore were high.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[36] Confrontation between the Malay population and the Chinese population grew and violent clashes broke out in Singapore between Malays and Chinese in July 1964.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

On the Malaysian mainland, it was considered that separation of Singapore from the confederation was the only solution to its long race dispute and the spread of Chinese rule.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[38] [36] Conflicts led to the fact that in the summer of 1965 the Malaysian Riksdag enacted a law separating Singapore from Malaysia.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[37] The separation of Singapore was a major setback for Prime Minister Lee, who would have been happy to see Singapore as part of Malaysia.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

After separation, the independent Republic of Singapore emerged on 9 August 1965.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[38] [39] Period of independence In its year of independence 1965, Singapore was accepted as a member of the UN.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Domestically, however, Singapore quickly became a one-party dictatorship led by Prime Minister Lee.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[37] In Singapore led by Lee, the opposition had a couple of nominal representatives in Parliament.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

However, the party programs of the opposition parties did not significantly differ from that of Lee's own party.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[40] The country's government sought to establish a multiracial and multilingual Singaporean identity in independent Singapore.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The government's policy of conciliation was effective and Singapore has escaped social unrest.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[41] [42] Singapore's ability to function as an independent state was doubted, as the country lacked exploitable natural resources, energy production, and no agriculture.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Foreign investors began to be attracted to the country and the country rapidly developed into an important financial centre and export production area.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[43] In the 1970s, Singapore emerged as the economic centre of Southeast Asia due to its modern banking sector and stock exchange.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[44] Lee remained Prime Minister until 1990, a term of 30 years.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Goh Chok Tong, who sidelined Lee's son Lee Hsien Loong, long considered the heir to the throne, was elected as the next Prime Minister.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Lee, however, continued to influence Singapore politics in the scenes.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Officially, his title was “elder statesman”.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[40] Goh remained Prime Minister until 2004.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

After him, the younger Lee became prime minister.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[25] Politics Singapore is a parliamentary democracy based on the Westminster model and whose head of state is the President.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The president was mainly ceremonial at first, but the power of the president was increased in 1991.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The unicameral parliament has 94 members, 84 of whom are elected.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The term of Parliament is five years.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The government is headed by the Prime


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[9] The People's Action Party (PAP) has ruled the country since independence.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

In 2011, its vote share was lower than ever before, no more than 60%.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Despite this, the opposition won only six seats - even that was more than ever before.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[45] The PAP's philosophy is “socialist democracy”, and its policies incorporate many features of socialism.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

For example, most of the population lives in government-built housing and state-owned enterprises play a significant role.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[46] Transparency International has long regarded Singapore as the least corrupt country in Asia and one of the cleanest in the entire world.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[47] However, the authoritarian style of governance of Lee Kuan Yew, who served as prime minister for a long time, has attracted criticism.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The country's third prime minister-elect, Lee Hsien Loong, is Lee Kuan Yew's son, but insinuations of nepotism have been met with libel charges.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[48] A few opposition politicians, including Francis Seow, J. B. Jeyaretnam and Chee Soon Juan, say the judicial system favors the PAP.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

PAP representatives have not lost a single defamation trial, but three charges brought by the opposition have ended in a mediation settlement outside the court.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[49] All magazines, TV stations and radio stations in the island nation are controlled by two companies.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

MediaCorp is state-owned, Singapore Press Holdings has close links to the ruling party.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

According to Freedom House, the state punishes so hard for criticizing authorities that the media engages in self-censorship.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

In 2010, there were 3.6 million Internet users.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Pornographic content is filtered, but other dubious material is restricted by licensing control and legal pressure.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[50] Singapore is a non-aligned country and a member of the UN.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

It has participated in UN monitoring and peacekeeping missions in Kuwait, Angola, Namibia, Cambodia and East Timor.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

It strongly supports anti-piracy activities.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Regional cooperation in Southeast Asia is important to it and is active in organisations in the region such as ASEAN and APEC.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[51] In Singapore, penalties for crimes are severe.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Some offences may carry heavy fines, caning or the death penalty.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The country has the highest number of people executed in the world, according to Amnesty International's estimate.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The death sentence can be carried out for first-degree murder and narcotics offenses.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Most of the 400 people hanged between 1991 and 2004 were guilty of drug smuggling.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[52] For a long time, chewing gum was entirely in the pan, but after a free trade agreement with the United States, so-called “health gum” can now be purchased in pharmacies.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The identity of the customers is verified and the information is registered at the time of purchase.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[53] You can get arrested for spitting or throwing rubbish on the ground, and you can face jail time for drunk driving.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[54] Homosexual sex between men is prohibited in Singapore.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Consensual oral and anal sex by straight couples was allowed in 2007.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[55] The economy in Singapore is a highly developed market-based economy.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

In 2010, Singapore ranked number 27 in the Human Development Index and second place in the Economic Freedom Index.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[56] [57] The island nation's gross domestic product per capita corresponds to the rich countries of Europe.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

On a per-capita basis, only Liechtenstein, Qatar, Luxembourg and Bermuda are richer than Singapore.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[58] Purchasing power adjusted gross domestic product in 2011 was USD 318.9 billion, or US$60500 per capita.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The unemployment rate was two percent.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[59] According to the Global Financial Centres Index list, Singapore was the fourth most significant financial centre in the world in 2011.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[60] Agriculture employs 0.1% of the labour force.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Its share of GDP is not significant, but the products are distinctive: they include orchids and aquarium and pond fish, as well as vegetables, poultry and eggs.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[59] The city-state's economy creates numerous high- and low-skill jobs, for which it needs foreign labour to fill.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The country's workforce consists, for the most part, of locals, Indians, Malaysians and Filipinos.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The government is working to assimilate the migrants and offer them citizenship.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Approximately 76 per cent of Singaporeans aged 25 to 64 are in employment.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[61] In 2011, unemployment was 2%, among the 12 lowest in the world.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[59] The most significant export products are electronics, machinery, pharmaceuticals and other products of the chemical industry.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[59] The country's economy is highly dependent on exports as well as its position as a centre of international commerce.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Singapore enacted a Goods and Services Tax (GST) in 1994.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Tax reform boosted state revenues by $1.6 billion and reduced revenue dependence on the electronics industry.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

VAT is seven per cent.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[62] Singapore was badly hit by the 2001 global recession and the Economic Review Committee (ERC) created a plan to reform the economy.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[63] The economy has since recovered, with economic growth of 8.4% in 2004.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The government hopes to find new growth areas in the long term that are less vulnerable to changes in external business cycles, but aims to keep Singapore as a hub for business and high tech in Southeast Asia.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[64] Transport Modes of transport of particular importance to Singapore's economy are maritime and air transport.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The shipping and maritime industry employs more than 150,000 people and accounts for about 7% of Singapore's GDP.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[65] Air transport and aerospace are responsible for a generous 5% of GDP and employs around 119000 people.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

If the contribution of air transport is added through tourism, it is estimated that the importance of air transport will reach almost 9% of Singapore's GDP.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[66] Singapore is a major hub for air transport and an important hub for both intra-Asian and European-Australian flights.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Changi International Airport is one of the busiest connected airports in Asia, [67] and has often been considered one of the best airports in the world.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[68] Changi is the home ground of Singapore Airlines, Singapore's national airline.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The Port of Singapore is among the busiest cargo ports in the world, along with the ports of Shanghai and Hong Kong.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[69] The bridge between Woodlands and Johor Bahru can also be reached on the Malaysian side by car or train.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[70] There are busy ferry services from Singapore to Batam and Bintan islands in the Indonesian Riaus Islands south of the strait.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[71] Singapore's road network is well developed, but congestion is an ongoing problem.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

In the 1980s and 1990s, the government developed the Mass Rapid Transit subway system (MRT) to connect major outfit centers with jobs and the city center.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[9] MRT is the main rail transport network for public transport in the country.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[72] Singapore is connected to the Malaka Peninsula by a railway bridge at the point of Johor Bahru city.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[9] Population Ethnic groups, religions and languages Singapore is home to more than five million people (5,399,200 at the end of 2013 [74]).


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

After decades of family planning, the country has a low birth rate, which is being sought to be raised by incentives.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Singapore is the second most densely populated country in the world.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

About 85 per cent of Singaporeans live in housing provided by a government agency called the Housing and Development Board (HDB), which builds the flats and then sells them at low prices to residents who need housing.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[75] The population is diverse compared to many other countries.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The Chinese, who have been the majority since the colonial period, constitute 76.8 [59]% of Singaporeans.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Malays, who are indigenous people of the country, make up 13.9 [59]%.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[76] Indians are the third largest ethnic group, they comprise 7.9% of the population.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[59] They are for the most part native to Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka in southern India and speak Tamil.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[76] Other smaller populations make up 1.4% of the population.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[59] Ethnic harmony has been a major issue since the racist riots of the 1960s.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

It is emphasised across society, for example in education, the armed forces and housing policy.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Each year, a special day of ethnic harmony is celebrated.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[77] In the 2015 census, 33.2% of Singaporeans were Buddhist.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Christians made up 18.8% of the population, Muslims 14.0%, Taoists 10.0%, Hindus 5.0% and other religions represented 0.6% of the population.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The non-religious population accounted for 18.5%.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[78] Islam is the main religion of the Malay population.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Taoism, Confucianism and Buddhism have merged into one for the majority of the Chinese population.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The majority of Tamil people are Hindu, which is the sixth largest religion in the country.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[76] The national language is Malay for historical reasons.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The official languages are English, Mandarin Chinese, Malay and Tamil.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[59] English has been popular as the language of the country since independence and is spoken by a majority of the population.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The Speak Mandarin Campaign (Speak Mandarin Chinese Campaign) has encouraged the Chinese population to study Mandarin Chinese.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Initially, Chinese immigrants did not understand each other because they originated from different parts of China, but during the campaign, Mandarin Chinese became a unifying factor.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[79] [80] Healthcare Singapore's health care and social security are based on social security accounts.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Citizens finance, among other things, their health care, unemployment and pensions themselves through compulsory deductions from wages, and for example, there is no unemployment benefit [81] and the state helps only in emergency cases.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Singapore has some of the lowest healthcare costs in the world and quality and performance among the best.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[82] Singapore has lower health expenditure per capita than in Finland or the United States, for example, but still has a longer life expectancy.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[83] Singaporeans pay for their health care one-fifth of what U.S. citizens, but their health is better.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

This is largely due to incentives: people pay a big deductible for their health spending themselves.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Health accounts (Medisave), insurance and, in case of emergency, government assistance ensure that everyone receives adequate care anyway.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[84] According to WHO, in 2010, the Singapore State spent USD 2273 per capita on health care, i.e. 4% of GDP, while Finland spent US$3281, or nine per cent of GDP, in the same year.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[85] The infant mortality rate in Singapore is the lowest in the world, at 2.31 children per 1,000 births (3.47 in Finland) [86].


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Education The six-year primary school is compulsory in Singapore.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Elementary school teaching requirements are set by the Ministry of Education in conjunction with public and private schools.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The country has no clear boundaries between public and private schools.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[87] In January 2003 compulsory education was enacted for all school-age children.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Under the law, it is punishable to fail to enroll a child in school and to fail to worry about the child's regular schooling.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[88] English is the first foreign language and language of instruction in many subjects.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

According to former Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew, English is the language that unites all Singaporeans regardless of ethnic and cultural background and incorporates Singapore to the rest of the world.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[79] The National University of Singapore (NUS) is one of the most prestigious universities in the world.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

In 2012, it was ranked 29th on the World University Rankings list.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[89] Culture Language and identity Singaporean culture is unique due to the variegated background of the population, and the country has had to build its own identity during its existence since independence from Malaysia in 1965.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Historically Singapore belongs to Malay culture, the language of the country has again been influenced by colonial power Britain.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Yet Chineseness and internationalism are the most noticeable cultural things in Singapore.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The country has sought to create a single cohesive culture out of many influences.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[90] The most famous examples of the country's culture have been retrieved from Singaporean cuisine; the culture's metaphor is the rojak salad, whose diverse ingredients indistinguishable, although everything is covered by a distinctive peanut sauce.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Singaporeanism is compared to a sauce that binds the different ingredients together.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[91] The English language used in Singapore is predominantly British English tinged with American English.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The local dialect or creole language is known as Singapore Colloquial English, but usually only the name singlish is used from it.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

It has borrowed vocabulary and grammar from Chinese languages, Malay and Indian languages.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Singlish very much resembles Manglish (English spoken in Malaysia).


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Singlish's occupancy varies.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

In everyday life it is commonly used, but in official contexts English is spoken.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The Speak Good English Movement has encouraged Singaporeans to speak “good” English.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[92] Recently, the meaning of singlish has also been seen as an important part of cultural identity.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The use of English has increased since it was introduced as the main language in Singapore's education system.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

English has been used in Singaporean literature since the 19th century, but today literature appears in all four major languages: Chinese, English, Malay and Tamil.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[93] The goal of the state has been to create a cosmopolitan and multicultural society.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Until the late 1990s, the government has sought to promote Singapore as a hub for arts and culture such as theatre and music.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

In 2003, the Esplanade - Theatres on the Bay was completed.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

In 2005, gambling was legalised and a decision was made to create “integrated resorts” with casinos.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

At the same time, bar-top dancing and bungee-jumping were legalized.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The decisions were preceded by heated political debate.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[94] Film The Singapore film industry actually began in the 1930s, when two Singaporean film companies began producing re-filmatisations of Indian films.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The directors were predominantly Indian, the scripts were kept intact, but the actors were local.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The films had plenty of dance and singing scenes and proved to be very popular.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

After the break caused by World War II, film production followed a pre-war success formula: refilmatisations of Indian films, in which song and dance numbers and romantic plots played a significant part.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

This feature has persisted in Malayalam and Singaporean films into the 21st century.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[95] Film production increased considerably in the 1950s and is considered to be the golden age of Singaporean and Malaysian cinema.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

It was also then that the genres typical of Malay cinema began to take shape.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The Bangsawan- and Indian-influenced musical continued to be popular.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Alongside it came a crime film influenced by Chinese and film noir films, as well as a horror film that drew on both Hollywood horror film imagery and Malay's own mythology.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Own film production gradually began to clot starting in the 1960s as Hollywood and Hong Kong films took over the market.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[95] Singaporean film production took a new boom in 1995, as Bugis Street and Mee Pok Man performed well.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The state began supporting film production in 1998.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Jack Neon Money No Enough broke 1999 records with profits of 2 million Singapore dollars and also made it to international circulation.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[95] Salmician culture During the 19th century, a distinctive Strait Chinese culture developed in the Strait settlements.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

It is a mixed culture that combined Chinese, Malay and Western elements.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

Typical in architecture were the two-story terrace houses of Chinese merchants, uninhibited combining different styles.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The temple architecture emphasized the traditions of southern China, as most Strait Chinese people were native there.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The temple architecture influenced the clan houses of the Strait Chinese, which were the centre of social life of one genus or community from the same locality.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

In the arts, the Strait Chinese brought in Chinese tradition.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The most characteristic of the Strait Chinese art form was finger puppet theatre.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[96] Salmician culture disappeared with the Great Depression in the 1930s.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

There are no more townhouses left of it especially in Malaysian Malaka and George Town, as well as some in Singapore.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

In addition, finger puppet theatre is still somewhat popular.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

[96] Sports Singapore Sports Centre is a sports complex located in Kallang District, centred on the National Stadium, completed in 2014, which replaced the former National Stadium when completed.


Question: What period did Grenada belong to the West Indies Federation?

Singapore

The new stadium can accommodate 55,000 spectators.