Question: What is the population of Iran?

Iran

Armenian monasteries (Taddeus Monastery, Stefanos Monastery and Dzordzor Chapel), Bam Cultural Environment, Behistun, Esfahan Friday Mosque, Golestan Palace, Gonbad-e Qabus, Meidan Emam, Meymand Cultural Landscape, Pasargadae, Persepolis, Sheikh Safi ad-in khanqah and Mausoleum, Shahr-i-Sokhta, Band-e Kaisar, Soltaniyeh, Susa, Tabriz Bazaar, Takht-i Suleiman and Chogha Zanbil.


Question: What is the population of Iran?

Iran

[73] Iranian cuisine is based on fruits and vegetables.


Question: What is the population of Iran?

Iran

Meat, usually mutton, is a side dish.


Question: What is the population of Iran?

Iran

Carbohydrates are obtained from rice and bread.


Question: What is the population of Iran?

Iran

Sweet chunks are eaten more often in the afternoon with tea than with dessert — the meal is preferred to finish with fresh fruit.


Question: What is the population of Iran?

Iran

Different regions of Iran have their own typical sweets, which are exported as fireplaces and offered to guests.


Question: What is the population of Iran?

Iran

These include nougat gaz flavoured with rose water and a neck-like sohan made from saffron, butter and pistachios.


Question: What is the population of Iran?

Iran

In Islamic Iran, alcohol consumption is prohibited in principle but still common.


Question: What is the population of Iran?

Iran

Jews, Armenians and Zarahustrans make local wine, and moonshine is made in almost every village.


Question: What is the population of Iran?

Iran

[71] Persian, hand-knotted rugs are an important part of Iranian cultural tradition, as well as still a major export product.


Question: What is the population of Iran?

Iran

The finest rugs have hundreds of knots per square inch and take years to manufacture.


Question: What is the population of Iran?

Iran

The motifs of carpets are centuries old, but weavers develop, modify and combine them freely.


Question: What is the population of Iran?

Iran

[71] Treasures of Persian visual art include miniature paintings, which were used to illustrate poetry and classical stories.


Question: What is the population of Iran?

Iran

Another manifestation of visual art is calligraphy.


Question: What is the population of Iran?

Iran

Modern Iranian visual artists often use elements of both in their work.


Question: What is the population of Iran?

Iran

[71] The Iranian state has banned the mullet and seeks to promote Islamic hairstyles.


Question: What is the population of Iran?

Iran

[74] [75] Literature and Film Persian literature begins with sacred texts of Zarahustranism and writings from the early Parthian and Sassanid reigns known only through secondary sources.


Question: What is the population of Iran?

Iran

After the Arab Conquest in the 6th century, Arabic became the predominant language of literature.


Question: What is the population of Iran?

Iran

The Persian language returned to literature in the 8th century, and in the following centuries classical Persian literature flourished.


Question: What is the population of Iran?

Iran

[76] In the Western world, the most famous Persian poet of that time is undoubtedly Omar Khaijam (1050—1123).


Question: What is the population of Iran?

Iran

In Persia, he was known first and foremost as a naturalist.


Question: What is the population of Iran?

Iran

[77] In the 20th century, the struggle for independence and Western influences made poetry more straightforward, and political and social themes became more common.


Question: What is the population of Iran?

Iran

Recognized writers of the 20th century include Ali-Mohammad Afghani and Jamal Mir-Saadeghi.


Question: What is the population of Iran?

Iran

[76] Iranian films are well known, Iran has received 300 international film awards in the last twenty-five years.


Question: What is the population of Iran?

Iran

Perhaps the most famous director is Abbas Kiarostami.


Question: What is the population of Iran?

Iran

[78] Media Press freedom in Iran has been relatively high since the period of Khatami's rule.


Question: What is the population of Iran?

Iran

However, the Conservatives are seeking to tighten control of the press.


Question: What is the population of Iran?

Iran

About 20 nationwide newspapers appear in the country every day, but few Iranians read the paper every day.


Question: What is the population of Iran?

Iran

Instead, TV is watched daily by 80% of Iranians.


Question: What is the population of Iran?

Iran

State broadcaster IRIS broadcasts the programme on four channels.


Question: What is the population of Iran?

Iran

Monitoring foreign channels on your own satellite platform is prohibited in principle, but quite popular in practice, and the authorities often turn a blind eye to it.


Question: What is the population of Iran?

Iran

[79] Iran's Islamic regime apparatus decided in October 2006 to fight Western influences by banning high-speed internet access.


Question: What is the population of Iran?

Iran

Providers have been told to limit data speeds to a maximum speed of 128kbps.


Question: What is the population of Iran?

Iran

[80] Iranian MPs, academics and service providers condemn the government's order.


Question: What is the population of Iran?

Iran

Sports Iran has participated in the Olympic Games for the first time in 1900 and since 1948 quite regularly.


Question: What is the population of Iran?

Iran

It has typically had a few people at the Winter Olympics and a team of 20—50 people at the Summer Olympics.


Question: What is the population of Iran?

Iran

[81] In February 2016, Iran national football team was ranked 44th in the FIFA rankings.


Question: What is the population of Iran?

Iran

[82] The country's basketball team won the Asian Championships in 2007 and 2009.


Question: What is the population of Iran?

Iran

With the Asian Championship, the country made it to the world championships in the sport for the first time in 2010.


Question: What is the population of Iran?

Iran

[83] See also Iranian date Iranian philosophy Iranian-Saudi relations Iranian oil exchange Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Green Mountain, Marita & Schreiberhuber, Hermine| title= Iran, land in the shadow of the mullah in the name of Allah| location = in Helsing| publisher = Otava| year = 1989| id = ISBN 951-1-10387-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Alavi, Nasrin| title = We are Iran| location = Helsinki| publisher = Key| year = 2007| version = English Translation: Sari Kumpulainen.


Question: What is the population of Iran?

Iran

- Translated from the English-language institution We are Iran: The Persian blogs, 2005.| id = ISBN 978-952-5524-36-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Liimatainen, Alice | title = Iran: Veil and Challenge: Attempt to understand Iranian society| location = Helsinki| publisher = Like: Finnish peace defenders | year = 2009| version = Vertical earbook| id = ISBN 978-952-01-0231-9}} Sources On the topic elsewhere Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Category:Key articles of screening Category:42 Asia


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

Dan Brown (born June 22, 1964 in Exeter, New Hampshire, United States) is an American author best known for his suspense novels Angels and Demons (Angels and Demons, 2000) and The Da Vinci Code (The Da Vinci Code, 2003).


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

Biography Early life Brown was born on June 22, 1964, in Exeter, New Hampshire.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

He was the pit of a family with three children.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

Brown's father was a math teacher and his mother an organist.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

Brown lived with his parents on the Exeter college campus and participated in college life, which in Exeter was Christian.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

Brown sang in a church choir, attended Sunday school and spent summers in Christian camps.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

[1] [2] Brown was raised Episcopalian and was very religious as a child.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

At school, however, he adopted a scientific worldview after discovering that it made more sense than the explanations of the Bible.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

However, he says at an older age that he began to see order and spirituality in science as well.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

[3] As a musician, Brown attended Amherst College and graduated from the English and German languages line in 1986.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

After his graduation, he tried to build a career as a singer-songwriter and pianist, but without much success.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

Brown was compared musically to Barry Manilow.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

Pursuing a career as a musician, he moved to Los Angeles, taught Spanish there and met his future wife, Blythe Newlon, who was artistic director of the National Academy of Songwriters.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

Brown recorded four CDs of music in all.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

[1] In 1993, Brown returned with Blythe to New Hampshire and received an English Language Teacher position from Phillips Exeter Academy.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

The following year, on his Tahiti vacation, Brown read Sidney Sheldon's novel The Doomsday Conspiracy and felt he could do better.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

Together with his wife, he co-authored the humour book 187 Men to Avoid: A Guide for the Romantically Frustrated Woman.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

[1] Full-time writer In 1996, Brown stopped teaching and became a full-time writer.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

He and Blythe married in 1997.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

Brown's first novel, Unbroken Fortress appeared in the United States in 1998.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

[1] In the same year Brown published the humour book The Bald Book with his wife.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

Brown's second novel, Angels and Demons, was published in the United States in 2000.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

It first appears in it the symbologist Robert Langdon, who also appears in Brown's later novels.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

A third novel, Meteorite, appeared in 2001.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

The first three novels sold moderately, however, each with fewer than 10000 copies as a first edition.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

However, the Da Vinci Code novel, published in 2003, became a major success, climbing to the top of the New York Times sales list immediately the week of publication.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

It had sold over 40 million copies by 2006, and in its wake previous novels have become successes as well.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

The Da Vinci Code completed a film of the same name in 2006, which too was a success.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

In the Lost Symbol, which appeared in 2009, Brown continued his Robert Langdon story.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

The book sold almost 68000 copies in Finland in the year of its publication and was the second best selling in the list of translation books.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

To translate the 2013 book Inferno into all Nordic languages, translators were invited to one place behind strict secrecy arrangements.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

For the fourth time, the book's main character was Robert Langdon.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

In October 2017, Dan Brown published his new novel Alku (engl.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

Origin), which also features Robert Langdon as the main character.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

[4] [5] [6] Criticism of Brown has provoked conflicting ideas in readership and literary critics.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

Many, especially in the United States, have taken the anti-Christian message of Brown's books seriously and dogmatically.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

[7] Literary critics generally acknowledge Brown's skills in plot weaving but at the same time point out the historical errors of his books.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

[8] His use of language has also been criticized as clumsy.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

[9] For example, literary critic Jari Olavi Hiltunen does not particularly appreciate Brown as a suspense writer and has called the religious affiliations of the Da Vinci Code loose and bland.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

He also criticizes Brown's excessive use of overwords.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

On the other hand, Brown, according to him, is able to twist subjects in an interesting way, for example, in Unbreakable Fortress, and he praises Brown's ability to carry the plot in the Lost Symbol.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

[7] Brown himself has responded to the criticism by highlighting the fact that he has a conscious drive to combine fact and fiction in a modern and effective way to tell a story.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

He says some people understand it, but some should just read something else.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

Brown tells me that he writes the kind of books he'd like to read.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

[10] Production of Humor Books 187 Men to Avoid: A Survival Guide for the Romantically Frustrated Woman 1995 The Bald Book 1998 Novels Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Unbreakable Fortress | publisher = WSOY| year = 2007| version = (Digital Fortress, 1998.)


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

English. Raimo Salminen}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Angels and Demons | publisher = WSOY| year = 2005| version = (Angels & Demons, 2000.)


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

English. Pirkko Biström| id = ISBN 951-0-31045-X}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Meteorite| publisher = WSOY| year = 2006| version = (Deception Point, 2001.)


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

English. Jorma-Veikko Sappinen}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Da Vinci code| publisher = WSOY| year = 2004| version = (The Da Vinci Code, 2003.)


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

English. Pirkko Biström| id = ISBN 951-0-30317-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Lost symbol| publisher = WSOY| year = 2009| version = (The Lost Symbol, 2009.)


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

English. Kimmo Paukku, Hilkka Pekkanen and Jukka Saarikivi| id = ISBN 978-951-0-31919-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title= Inferno| publisher = Doubleday| year = 2013}} Finland. Jorma-Veikko Sappinen.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

WSOY, 2013.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Start| publisher = WSOY| year = 2017| version = (Origin, 2017.)}}


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Cox, Simon| title = Lost symbol alphabet| location = Helsinki| publisher = readme.fi| year = 2010| version = (Decoding the lost symbol, 2009.)


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

Translators: Sirpa Vuento, Ilona Ruskoaho, Marita Koskinen| id = ISBN 978-952-220-207-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Rogak, Lisa| title= Da Vinci code creator: Dan Brown ID photo | location = Helsinki | publisher = Bazar| year = 2006| (The man behind the Da Vinci code: The unauthorized biography of Dan Brown, 2005.)


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

Translated by Tiina Sjelvgren| id=ISBN 951-9107-75-4}} Sources on the topic elsewhere.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

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Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

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Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead. Decarinet.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

Jukka Petäjä:.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

Helsingin Sanomat on 12 December 2009.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

J. O. Hiltunen:.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

Vetus Et Nova on September 15, 2012.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

Tuomas Niskakangas:.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

Helsingin Sanomat on 17 May 2013.


Question: Where was Dan Brown born?

Dan Brown

Category:American suspense writers Category:Born in 1964 Category:Living Persons Category:Key articles on screening


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

Gaius Julius Verus Maximinus (circa 173?


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

— 24 June 238) [1] [2], usually Maximinus Thrax (Maximinus the Thracian), was Roman Emperor from 235—238.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

He was the first emperor never to visit Rome, despite the attempt.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

[3] He was also the first soldier to rise to Roman emperor.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

[4] Maximinus was proclaimed emperor after soldiers had become dissatisfied with Emperor Severus Alexander.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

The army mutinied and murdered Alexander and his mother.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

Maximinus' reign has often been considered to have started the so-called 200th-century crisis or period of “military emperors”.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

[5] His period was a continuous war.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

He died en route to Rome murdered by soldiers when the discontent of his troops had grown too great.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

His heads and those of his sons were taken in spear beaks to Rome.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

Early years Gaius Julius Verus Maximinus was born in Thrace or Moesia.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

His year of birth is thought to have been 173, and he would thus have been around 60 years old at the time of his rise to power.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

However, historian David Potter speculates he was 10 years younger, or about 50 years old.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

[6] Almost nothing is known about Maximinus' youth nor his career before the Empire.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

According to ancient sources, Maximinus acted as a young shepherd.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

According to Historia Augusta, his father was Micca who belonged to the Goths and his mother was a subject named Hababa.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

However, this is probably fiction.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

It is known that in 208 he was Gaius Julius Maximinus, under whom Maximinus may have served as a soldier and from whom he may have obtained Roman citizenship.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

However, it is also possible that Maximinus' parents were Roman citizens.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

What is certain, at least, is that Maximinus joined the army at a young age under Septimius Severus and served in several knightly posts under Severus and Caracalla.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

[6] Probably Maximinus was appointed by Severus Alexander during the Persian War to some high office.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

By 234 he had already come a long way, for in the same year Alexander appointed him commander of a military section composed of Pannonian youths.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

Maximinus' task was to train the soldiers for the upcoming war expedition against the Germans.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

[1] [7] The rise to power of Severus Alexander was unpopular among the army, and he was considered weak and hesitant.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

When Alexander announced that he was buying peace from the Germans, the measure of soldiers became full.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

The Germans had raided Roman provinces, and many had lost loved ones and exacted revenge on the Germans.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

Furthermore, soldiers had thus been denied the opportunity for a lucrative war expedition.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

Maximinus' Pannonian recrytes had enough of Alexander and proclaimed their commander emperor in a military camp near the Rhine arm in February—March 235.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

According to the story, Maximinus initially tried to block but eventually agreed.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

Maximinus was an experienced soldier and thus more well-known among the army compared to Alexander, who had no military experience at all.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

[4] The rebellion soon spread to Pannonia and Moesia, whose forces declared their support for Maximinus.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

Maximinus doubled his soldiers' pay, gathered his troops, and set out to march towards Severus Alexander's camp.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

Soon Alexander's forces moved to Maximinus' side.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

Maximinus sent a tribune and a few Kenturios to murder Alexander and his mother, Julia Mamae.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

[8] A number of Alexander's close advisers were also executed, but some of the former regime's supporters were spared.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

[1] Knowledge of the events was sent to Rome to the Senate, which was not happy to hear but nevertheless accepted Maximinus' empiration in late March.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

[7] [3] [9] As emperor, Maximinus did not move to Rome as was normally customary for usurpers.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

Instead, he decided to continue the war expedition against the Germans.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

He probably wanted to consolidate his power among the soldiers.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

Maximinus also had no experience in political life, which made him vulnerable in politics.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

Maximinus, who had lived all his life in military camps, probably wouldn't have experienced feeling comfortable in a big city.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

[9] [3] The Roman Senate considered him a barbarian, but without an army it would have been foolish for senators to resist the will of the soldiers.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

[4] Maximinus crossed the Rhine with his army in the summer of 235 and moved on to the area of present-day Württemberg, where he fought all summer against the Germans.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

Around the same time, the first coup attempt occurred when former consul Gaius Petronius Magnus and several other senators persuaded some soldiers to destroy the bridge leading across the Rhine after Maximinus crossed it and thus isolate Maximinus from his soldiers for the duration of the coup.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

However, the plot was uncovered in time, and the rebellion was defeated.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

Later, archers from Osroene attempted to declare former landlord Titus Quartinus emperor.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

However, Macedo, chief of the archers, changed his mind, executed Quartinus and wished Maximinus a prize.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

Macedo, however, was executed on the orders of the emperor.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

Much to the chagrin of the senators, large images showing the events of the war expedition were placed in front of the Senate meeting site at the behest of Maximinus.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

Maximinus also assumed the title Germanicus Maximus in honour of his successful war expedition.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

[4] Maximinus finally made peace with the Germans and moved to Raetia, perhaps Castra Regina (present-day Regensburg) for the winter of 235/236.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

Maximus led the war effort from Casta Regina against the Germans and moved east of 236, where he fought against the Dakians and Sarmates.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

Maximinus took the titles Sarmaticus () and Dacicus ().


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

[4] Maximinus' headquarters was at Sirmium at that time.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

In the same year, perhaps at the beginning of spring, Maximinus appointed his son Gaius Julius Verus Maximus as his caesar and heir.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

At the same time, he declared his deceased wife Caecilia Paulina a god.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

[1] Maximinus spent the next two winters, 236/237 and 237/238 in Sirmium.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

In 237, Maximinus again fought against the Dakians and Sarmates.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

In 238, a major war expedition against the Germans was to be launched.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

[9] [3] Maximinus paid little tax to the enemies of Rome, nor did he generously distribute commissions and donations.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

However, substandard warring increased government expenses, which was met by raising taxes.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

Rich and poor alike had to pay increased taxes.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

The recruitment of new soldiers also caused discontent.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

Maxinus also disliked senators and believed they committed many crimes.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

Several senators were executed or imprisoned, and their properties confiscated.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

Maximinus quickly became unpopular with the people and the superiority, and in late March 238 there was unrest in the town of Thysdrus in the province of Africa in which the imperial procurator and collector of taxes were assassinated.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

For fear of punishments, the slayers turned to proconsul Mark Antony Gordianus and proclaimed him emperor despite his objections.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

Eventually Gordianus accepted the emperor and assumed the additional name Africanus.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

He travelled to Carthage and took his son Gordianus II as his co-ruler.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

[10] Messagers were sent to Rome to address the Senate.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

In early April, it positioned itself to support Gordianus and declared Maximinus and his son Maximus as enemies of the state.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

[11] Maximinus' picture statues and illustrations were destroyed and their supporters in Rome murdered.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

[3] [9] Gordianus' backers also assassinated Vitalianus, the prefect of the Praetorian Guard, who was loyal to Maximinus and who would have been able to arrest the entire Senate and nullify its provisions if necessary.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

The speed and effectiveness of the revolt has led many contemporary scholars to believe in a conspiracy by senators from African provinces.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

[12] [13] Death Maximinus received word of the rebellion probably about two weeks after its beginning.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

According to Herodianos, he was angry and extremely concerned, but pretended to disparage the issue.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

He assembled his army and set out to march towards Italy.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

Meanwhile, the Numidian landlord Capelianus, loyal to Maximinus, defeated Gordianus II in battle, after which Gordianus I committed suicide.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

However, the Senate did not renounce rebellion.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

Marcus Clodius Pupienus Maximus and Decimus Caelius Calvinus Balbinus were appointed as the new emperors.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

Maximinus eventually made it to Italy and encountered the city of Aquileia, which supported the emperors elected by the Senate.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

Maximinus began a siege of the city, but food and supplies were in short supply.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

At the same time, Pupienus was in Ravenna assembling his troops.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

Maximinus' soldiers were unhappy.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

Legio II Parthica's soldiers feared for their families who were at Alba near Rome.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

On 24 June, soldiers marched in front of 238 Maximinus' tent and tore this image of the war signs in front of the tent.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

Maximinus then attempted to negotiate with the soldiers, but these nevertheless massacred Maximinus and his sons in that place.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

They had their heads cut off and taken in spear beaks to Rome.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

[3] [10] [1] The chronology of the events of year 238 has proved exceptionally difficult to determine due to conflicting papyri and plotlines.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

[10] It has been suggested that the Gordianus' revolt began as early as January and ended in the same month.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

[14] [15] Contemporary scholars have come to an understanding on the matter, and Robin McMahon sets out the following dates: on 22 March Gordianus I and Gordianus II were proclaimed emperor in Africa, on 1 or 2 April the Roman Senate approved the Gordianus' Empire, and on 12 April they are to be killed after reigning for 20 days.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

On April 22, Pupienus and Balbinus are proclaimed emperors in Rome and on 24 June Maximinus and his son Maximus are assassinated.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

[2] Appearance Ancient sources, from the unreliable Historia Augusta to the writings of historian Herodianos, tell of Maximinus as a man who would have been considerably larger than other people of the era.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

[16] [17] In addition to this, he is depicted in ancient images as a man with a large forehead, nose and chin; signs that are symptoms of overgrowth.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

History Augusta says “he was so large in stature, so Cordus reports that men said he was eight feet, six inches tall” [18].


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

The most likely claim is the exaggeration characteristic of Historia Augusta.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

There is already a reference to 'Cordus', which was one of the many invented sources for the work.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

[19] Herodianos, an early official of Maximinus, albeit without going into the exact dimensions claimed by Historia Augusta, mentions him as a man of considerable stature and reports that “he was in any case a man of such appalling appearance and colossal size that not clear no metaphor for any of the best-trained Greek sportsmen or the elite of barbarian warriors”.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

[20] Some historians have interpreted accounts of Maximinus' great size (and other claims to his appearance, such as constant sweating and superhuman powers) as stereotypes that deliberately paint him as the incarnation of a barbarian, [21] or for emphasis on the admiration as well as the revulsion that the image of the soldier aroused among the civilian population.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

[22] His repeated depiction as a man with a large forehead, nose and chin has led some scholars to believe that he would have suffered from overgrowth, at least in the form of acromegaly.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

[23] Inheritance Ancient sources viewed Maximinus negatively.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

He was depicted as a stern, barbaric tyrant and in late antiquity the additional name Thrax, a Thracian, [1] which is first mentioned in the late 3rd century was attached to his name.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

[7] Maximinus' reign has often been considered to have begun the so-called 200th-century crisis or period of “military emperors”, [5] and his reign demonstrated the army's reluctance to accept senatorial commanders, a custom that continued through the course of the 21st century.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

[1] Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Arto Kivimäki and Pekka Tuomisto| title = Roman Emperors | publisher = Karisto| year = 2005| id = ISBN 951-23-4546-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Bowman et al.| title = The Cambridge Ancient History XII, The Crisis of Empire, A.D.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

193—337| publisher = Cambridge University Press| year = 2005| id = ISBN 978-0-521-30199-2| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.}


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Pat Southern| title= The Roman Empire from Severus to Constantine| publisher = Routledge| year = 2001| id = ISBN 0-415-23943-5| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = David S. Potter| title= The Roman Empire at Bay: AD 180-395| publisher = Routledge| year = 2004| id=ISBN 0415100585| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax


Question: In which city was Maximinus Thrax born?

Maximinus thrax

References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Alf Henrikson| title = Ancient stories 1—2| publisher = WSOY| year = 1993| id = ISBN 951-0-18515-9}} On topic elsewhere in category:200th century crisis category:Births in the 10th century Class:In 238 dead Class:Roman emperors


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Amphibians (Amphibia) is a class of vertebrate animals.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

They are semi-aquatic animals and their development includes an aquatic larval stage that breathes with gills.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Amphibians are changeable heat.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The scientific name of the class Amphibia means two living, or double lives in Finnish, [1] which refers to amphibians getting along both on land and in water.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

In seawater, however, amphibians do not live.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Anatomy Skin and Body Shape The skin of amphibians is bare and protected from dehydration by secretions produced by the glands.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Most amphibians even move around at night to avoid drying out in the sunshine.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Amphibian respiration occurs partly directly through the skin because the lungs are more primitive than in other vertebrates.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

There are either one type or two types of glands in the skin of amphibians.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The function of the mucous glands is primarily to keep the fluid balance in the body normal.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

When the amphibian is in contact with water, gland function is increased and more mucus is created.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

This is aimed at ensuring that water does not penetrate the skin.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

In addition to slime glands, some species also have venom glands, which they use to protect themselves against predators.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The venom glands are located diffuse in different parts of the skin and in places as large clusters.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

In addition to glands, the skin is also rich in pigmentation, that is, color cells, the activity of which determines the coloring of frogs.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Skin color may vary to some extent depending on the frog's environment and mood, [1] but not as effectively as in chameleons, for example.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The body shape of amphibians varies by sect.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Worm frogs (Apoda), as their name suggests, are worm-like, their body is narrow and they have turned into hiding agents.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Their skulls are sturdy so their brains wouldn't be damaged when they burrow headfirst into the earth.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Tailed frogs (Urodela) are lizard-like and tailed, they resemble their ancestor.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Frogs and toads (Anura) are tailless, looking like a conventional frog.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

You can tell from their skeletal system the way they move, that is, their leaping.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The tail, which disturbs leaping, has vanished from frogs and toads.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The hind limbs important for leaping, in turn, are lengthened and the pelvis attaches perfectly to the spine, which is short and stiff.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Strong forelimbs and shoulders have been strengthened to secure entry.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The amphibian exoskeleton is largely cartilaginous.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Amphibians have four limbs apart from worm frogs and often have flippers on their toes to facilitate swimming.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

In the larval stage, amphibians are limbless, gill-shaped and have a tail for swimming.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Skeletal and musculature The earliest amphibians had a robust exoskeleton, but from species living today this exoskeleton has already almost completely disappeared.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The backbone of amphibians has also evolutionarily changed shape, specializing in different frog species for different purposes.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The number of dorsal vertebrae varies among different sects; for certain tailed frogs the number might be close to a hundred, while for some actual frogs the equivalent number is six.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

[1] Amphibians have only one cervical vertebra, the so-called atlas vertebra or supporter vertebra, which connects the skull and spine by two “pins”.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Due to the lack of other cervical vertebrae, amphibians are only able to move their heads up and down.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

In amphibians, the shoulder includes two scapulas which are partially cartilaginous, two raven bones, two front vultures, and two clavicles in frogs.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

There is, for the most part, cartilage from the sternum, and the ribs do not extend to it.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Such a shoulder is completely absent in worm frogs, and even in ordinary frogs it is of two types.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

In the archeferous type of shoulder, the clavicles and raven bones are clearly spaced apart and the anterior raven bones are spaced.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

In the more advanced firmisternical type, the clavicles and raven bones nearly touch each other and the anterior raven bones have fused together to form a single large cartilage.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Formed from the ilium, sessile bone and pubic bone of amphibians, the pelvis articulates with the cross-branches of the only sacral vertebra of the spine.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Like the shoulders, worm lizards also lack a pelvis.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Amphibians have four limbs apart from mud lizards.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

[1] Their limbs consist of the same parts of the skeleton as other animals, that is, they have an upper arm, forearm and palm on the forelimbs, and a thigh, shin and foot on the hind limbs.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

In the anatomy of tailed frogs, the ulna and radial bone, as well as the femur and fibula, are separated, and in common frogs the affected bones have joined together into two large bones.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Fingered amphibians usually have four and toes five, but among tailed frogs their numbers may vary.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The hind limbs of common frogs are longer than the forelimbs, but in tailed frogs all limbs are the same length.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The musculature of amphibians is built in accordance with the way they move.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

In the larval stage, the body and tail appendages have split into divisions as in fish, but in adult individuals the situation is second except for a few species of worms and tailed frogs.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

In the limbs, the short muscles are innermost and the long muscles are on top of them.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Offal Nearly all amphibians have teeth with the exception of some species in certain tribes.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

In tailed frogs, the teeth are in the upper and lower jaws, but in actual frogs they are often absent in the lower jaw.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The gripping teeth used for adhesion not only come off easily, but also grow back easily.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Most amphibian species also have a bulky and muscular tongue that is missing in fish, for example.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Its length and shape vary, and in some tailed frog species it is about as long as the animal itself.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

[1] The tongue of frogs is usually attached to the base of the oral cavity in front or behind.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

In certain species, the surface of the tongue is covered by a sticky layer of mucus.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Stickiness is caused by secretions from the glands that open in the mouth.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The language has little use for aquatic animals and most tailed frogs lack it.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

They state the tongue has a muscle layer at the bottom of the mouth.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Also, from some toads almost-adapted to aquatic life, the language has almost disappeared.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The stomachs of amphibians are spacious and muscular.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The gut is short in adult individuals that use small animals for their nutrition, but long in vegetable-eating larvae.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Due to the development of the digestive glands, digestion is fast and efficient.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The brains of amphibians greatly resemble those of fish.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The front halves of the brain that process olfactory sensations are, along with the visual hills of the midbrain, the widest parts of the amphibian brain.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The hindbrain is less developed and is left with minimal transverse folds.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The length of the spinal cord varies among sects; in tailed frogs it extends as far as the tail-end, in frogs only at the base of the tail.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Senses Amphibians have preserved some features of fish in their senses, such as flank line senses found in larval frogs and some species of worms and tailed frogs.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

With this sense, amphibians sense the vibrations of water.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The vibrational sensations act as small tactile nodules, which are organized into rows.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The most important line of sensing can be compared to the fish flank line.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Of the other senses, the sense of taste is located only in the tongue and palate.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The amphibian's fairly good sense of smell is located in the snout, where the olfactory epithelium of the nasal cavity forms the Jacobson organ.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

From the nostril leads through the nasal cavity to the mouth a coan called tubules.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The accuracy of the sense of vision varies depending on the species.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The eyes of amphibians are located near the top of the head.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Frogs that defect to attack their prey tend to have the best sense of sight.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

At ground level, predators tend to tend to have weaker than them.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The toads that stalk their prey are the most myopic.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Worm frogs and some tailed frogs are almost completely blind.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The retina of amphibians has three layers of cells.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

As with more advanced vertebrates, visual accuracy depends on the number of pin and rod cells in the eye.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

In frogs, the adaptation of the eye occurs as in fish, that is, adjusting the lens with special muscles.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The eyes of amphibians are constantly moistened by secretions secreted from the eye glands.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Moving eyelids can completely cover them.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

[2] Of the amphibians, a few vocalize.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The worm frogs are all mute.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Of the tailed frogs, only a few know how to quietly whisk.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Frogs and toads, on the other hand, know how to vocalize the so-called curling.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

When curdling, the frog closes its nostrils and pumps air back and forth from the mouth to the lungs and back from the lungs to the mouth.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

A curling sound is generated by the air passing over the vocal tendons.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The frog can also cucumber in water because it keeps its nostrils closed when it keeps its nostrils closed.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Of frogs, most commonly, only males make noises.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

When threatened with danger, caught or startled, frogs can emit a sound that sounds like parting or squealing from the currant.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

[3] In frogs and villains, the eardrum is located on the surface of the body, just behind the eyes.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

It can be detected by the rest of the skin as a lighter circled area.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Tail frogs don't have an eardrum.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

They sense only oscillations transmitted by the bones of the forelimbs to the skull.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The inner ear consists of two diaphragm sacs, of which the upper are joined by three equilibrium arc passages.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The lower membrane sac includes a certain lengthening corresponding to the cochlear sensory organ of the inner ear of higher vertebrates.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

There is only one auditory bone in the middle ear, the columella, which leads from the eardrum to the tympanic cavity.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Evolutionary History of Amphibians Amphibians were the first animals in developmental history to emerge from water on land.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

[1] This occurred approximately 390 million years ago, or in the Devonian period.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

In ancient times, amphibians lived more abundantly than in modern times.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Many amphibian groups that once flourished have become extinct over the ages.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The vast majority of fossilised amphibians found belonged to an already extinct order of armoured frogs (Temnospondyli).


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Based on the low number of worm frogs and their interconnected skull bones, some researchers have concluded worm frogs to be the direct and vestigial descendants of armoured frogs.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

[1] However, it is also possible that the anatomy of worm frogs is due to their anomalous lifestyles.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The first actual frogs (Protobatrachus) are known from the Triassic.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

In this case, these frogs still had a long tail, but the head and upper body had already developed close to their current shape.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

However, there is also the possibility that the fossils found represented only the larval stage and that adult frogs might have lacked a tail.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

[1] The known evolutionary history of the third order of amphibians, namely tailed frogs, does not begin until the Jurassic period.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

There have been claims that tailed frogs were descended from a different group of ancient fish than other amphibians [1] but there have been many objections to this.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The tailed frogs of the Jurassic period were enough to feed, which is why they could grow up to four metres in length.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

[4] The exact evolutionary history of amphibians is therefore unknown.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Certainly, however, they can be said to have evolved from the heel forms of the order Rhipidistia which lived in the Devonian period belonging to a subclass of stemfish (Crossopterygii).


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The same order Rhipidisti is also considered a common stock group of reptiles, mammals and birds.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Members of the sect of actual frogs thrive best in the tropics.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Their number of species decreases rapidly as they move north and south from the dater.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Most of the species live in the rainforests of South America.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Although rainforests are the most ideal habitat for frogs, they have spread throughout the rest of the world and are found on all continents except Antarctica.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Some species live as far north as the northern Arctic Circle or in the Himalayan mountains even at altitudes above 4000 m.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

[1] The only factors limiting distribution are persistent cold as well as drought.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Also, amphibians' ability to tolerate salt is poor.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Worm and tailed frogs in particular are particularly sensitive to salt.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Some actual frogs have much better tolerance and certain species such as bufo calamita (Bufo calamita), bell frogs (Bombina) and disc tongue frogs (Discoglossidae) can temporarily withstand up to salt grams per litre of water.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Amphibians, due to their poor salt tolerance, cannot live in seawaters.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Classification All current amphibians belong to the subfamily Lissamphibia.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Normally they are divided into three sects.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

They are further divided into tribes, genera, and species according to dorsal vertebrae, teeth, muscles, or other anatomical features.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

There are currently 56 tribes and more than 6000 species.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

[5] All amphibians living today are divided into three sects: Worm frogs (Gymnophiona/Apoda) Tailed frogs aka salamander animals (Caudata/Urodela) Frogs (Anura) The modern classification of amphibian classification has been disputed for a long time and still is not well established.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

It should be taken into account that the term “amphibian” can mean all tetrapods that live in water and land, or the class of animals Amphibia.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

[6] The traditional classification of amphibians, based on the morphology of vertebral nodes, is now apparently obsolete and the group does not meet the criteria for a monophyletic group.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Amphibia comprises only all tetrapods that are not amniotes.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Today, tetrapods are divided into Batrachomorpha and Reptiliomorpha.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The group Amphibia would belong partly to Batrachomorpha, “genuine” amphibians, and partly to Reptilomorpha, to which the ancestor of amniotes belongs.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

[7] Lissamphibian should therefore be the correct designation for amphibians.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Distribution The distribution of tailed frogs is mostly located in the Northern Hemisphere and especially the North American continent.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Totally tailed frogs are absent from sub-Saharan Africa, the Indian subcontinent, the Pacific archipelagos, as well as Australia.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The range of worm frogs extends to fifteenth degrees latitude on either side of the equator.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

They require at least one meter of annual rainfall for their living areas.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Most of the genera live in Central and South America, some in Africa and a few in Asia and especially the Seychellis Islands.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Amphibians There are five species of amphibians regularly found in Finland: frog, cloak frog, toad, water lizard and rupe-lizard.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

[8] During the 1930s—1960s, roaring frogs appeared in Helsinki and Porvoo.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

In 1993 and 1994, an individual green villain was observed in Kotka.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

[9] In the 21st century, new species of edible frog, lessona frog and alpine water lizard have been introduced from Finland.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

[9] The amphibian species is greatly diversified when moving to milder regions; 11 amphibian species are already present in Estonia.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

[10] Lifestyles Amphibians Living in trees A large proportion of common frogs and some tailed frogs live in trees.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

[1] A tribe of amphibians living in trees are leaf-frogs.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Leaf frogs have undergone many anatomical changes over the course of their evolutionary history, allowing them to become amenable to their habitat.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

For example, they have long fingers and toes, between which a piece of cartilage suitable as a sticking plate has developed between the last two bones.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

In addition, the skin of the abdomen of leaf frogs secretes a sticky substance.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Due to the sticking plates and sticky exudate, several leaf frogs are able to stick to erect leaves or even hang on the undersides of horizontal leaves.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Some amphibians living in trees never land on the surface of the earth.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

They usually perform laying on leaves curving over water.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Once developed enough, the larvae begin to produce an enzyme that breaks down the leaf.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Thus, the larvae fall into the water, where they develop according to normal deformation.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Once ascended on land, they immediately climb trees, where they spend the rest of their lives.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The larvae of tailed frogs living in trees grow and develop in small puddles of water formed by nature, for example on the leaves of pineapple and banana plants.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Amphibians specialising in digging Several amphibians use natural pits as their shelter and hiding places, but some species also dig their corridors themselves.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

There are also many species of amphibians specialized in digging within the order of amphibians.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Almost all worms, as well as numerous tailed frogs, live just like this.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Worm frogs are most numerous in the spongy soil of valley bottoms, where they move like earthworms by constricting and stretching their cylindrical body.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Such worm frogs dig their way forward with their hard-nosed head and lay eggs in underground chambers they hollowed out.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Females of some species also guard their eggs until they hatch, [1] but not nearly all species do this.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Also, some actual frogs specialize in digging.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

An example of this is the knife-foot frog (Pelobates cultripes) found in the south of France.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Its habitat is sandwiches and sandy beaches, where burrowing into the soil it spends its days.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

As evening darkens, it emerges from its burrow in search of its sustenance.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

[11] If a frog encounters light in search of nourishment, for example the reflection of a flashlight, it will solidify motionless, waiting for the dark to return.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Feeling safe, these frogs burrow into the sand again.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Aquatic amphibians Aquatic amphibians form their own rather small ecological group.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

As actual frogs fully adapted to aquatic life, honeycomb toads (Pipa), some vocal frogs (Telmatobius), as well as clawed frogs (Xenopus) can be cited as examples.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Of these species, vocal frogs living in the Andes have huge subcutaneous lymphatic sacs, which enable vocal frogs to be able to live at depths of more than 50 metres without having to rise to the surface to breathe.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

[1] In some species of tailed frog, gills persist through life, which is why they live their entire life in water.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Of worm frogs, only waterworm frogs (Typhlonectes) live continuously in water.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Part land and part aquatic amphibians The majority of actual frogs and tailed frogs live part in water and part on land.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Generally, these species thrive in moist areas near bodies of water.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Some species go into the water only to overwinter at the bottoms of bodies of water or to spawn.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Other species such as the fire salamander are even less in contact with water, although they spend much of their lives in the vicinity of water bodies.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Fire salamanders specialize in giving birth to highly developed larvae that can swim already at birth and have large feather gills.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The female only goes close enough to the water when giving birth that its rear end sinks.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

It then lowers its young in the water and rises again on land.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Fire salamanders who spend their youth in water forget their swimming skills when they grow up and a fully grown fire salamander that has fallen into the water may easily drown.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Some amphibian species specialising in a mixture of terrestrial and aquatic life, such as the olms, live their lives in damp caves.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Nutrition All amphibians except mud lizards are carnivorous and eat only live prey.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

[1] Water lizards and aquatic frogs can be partly considered exceptions, as they can also be accustomed to eating immobile prey such as earthworm fragments or the like.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The reason for amphibians' pickiness about immobile food is because they do not pay close attention to stationary targets and therefore cannot distinguish an immobile prey animal from motionless plants.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Overexerting the target triggers the amphibian's predatory reflex.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The amphibian will immediately strike a moving target if it is colourful enough, which will result in amphibians usually catching only plant food driven by the wind.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

They usually spit unsustenance fragments out of their mouths, but many times they have time to swallow parts of plants in their stomachs.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The size of the prey animal is dependent on the size of the predatory amphibian.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Most amphibians are small in size, and insects and invertebrates are preferred for them.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The bulkier amphibians can eat rodents, birds and snakes.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Also, cannibalism is not uncommon among amphibians.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Many amphibians specialize in eating and preying on a particular kind of prey such as termites and some may even settle close to their prey if the prey remains in the same area like ants and termites throughout their lives.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The amphibian offspring in the larval stage eat plant food.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

During shape-shifting, the amphibian's entire digestive system is rebuilt, causing adult individuals to switch to carnivorous.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

In deformation, the area of the mouth of the amphibian changes and the intestine is shortened.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

After the oral region acquires its exact shape, it is ossified and adhesive teeth grow on it.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Reproduction With a few exceptions, amphibians, as a rule, breed in water.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

However, there are some exceptions: as an example, species belonging to the genus Arthrolepsis, which descend their spawning into damp underground passages.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Some species, on the other hand, carry their larvae on their backs, in a sac formed by a fold of skin, or in a vocal bladder.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Some species even give birth to small, but fully developed larvae.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

[1] Mating and subsequent spawning decline are preceded by the soid, the content of which varies among each species.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Among tailed frogs and especially their aquatic species, soid is usually a dance highlighted by skin varices as well as different colours.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

After spawning, the colors fade and return to normal mode.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Among actual frogs, spawning moths do not particularly occur.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Males express themselves in a mating tune by curdling and struggling violently with each other.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

There is also a difference in the mating habits of actual frogs.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The midwifery amphibian (Alytes obstericans) holds the female by the neck, after which it begins to “milk” on its hind legs the female to spawn.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Males of other species cling to the female and do not let go until the female has lowered the roe.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

In frogs, fertilization is external, meaning the male lowers his milk on top of the female's roe.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Again, a few species make an exception and in some species fertilization occurs internally.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

In this case, the larvae develop inside their mother.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Among tailed frogs, fertilization is carried out internally.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The male first lowers small sperm cocoons on the ground which the female sucks into her cloacal intestine and the roe fertilizes.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Worm frog dogs have a special mating organ, which is why even their fertilization occurs internally.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Laying usually occurs in water.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Some species leave their spawning to drift freely, but some attach it tightly to rocks, for example.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Laying eggs on tree leaves or parts of plants curving over water is also possible because once born, the larvae fall directly into the water below and continue to develop.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Amphibian eggs have little reserve food compared to those of birds and reptiles, so hatching larvae are forced to find their food themselves.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The larvae of frogs and connies are called tadpoles.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

They bear little resemblance to an adult individual.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The larvae of tailed frogs are somewhat adult-looking.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The rate of development of the larvae depends on the species, as well as the habitats and the season.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

In some places, development can take years and it is claimed some Central European frog species have been in the larval stage for more than 20 years.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

[1] The size of the larvae also varies from species to species, and the size achieved by individuals of the species when adult is not necessarily affected.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Threats Amphibians are food for many animals.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

A natural threat to adult amphibians include birds and snakes.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

In turn, tadpoles and eggs are threatened by many fish and large aquatic insects.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The number of amphibians, and especially the number of actual frogs, is declining around the world.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Especially since the Second World War, the number of frogs in Europe has fallen to half of the pre-war situation in certain regions, and in some places they remain less than 10% of the stocks that were present before the war.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

[12] The large decrease in the number of frogs is mostly due to human activity.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

In most cases, humans have directly affected amphibian habitats or otherwise hampered the amphibian's chances of survival.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The main factors causing frog loss are pollution as well as land use.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The frogs have already lost most of the wetland areas important for their survival.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Biologists have been aware of the accelerating loss of frogs for ages, but no concrete conservation efforts of any kind have been taken.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The accelerating loss of frogs is a complex and very tricky problem to solve at both local and general levels.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Even in amphibians living in protected areas, species loss and population decline have not been stopped.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

[12] Frog species, especially in uplands, have become much rarer in recent years.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Biologists tended to the rapid loss of frog species no later than the end of the 1970s and 1980s.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

1973 had found a cataclysmic new species, the stomach-churning villain (Rheobatrachus silus), which by studying it was believed to have come closer to treating stomach ulcers.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The stomach-churning villain knew how to control his stomach acids and it was this skill that wanted to be explored further.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

In 1979, scientists believed the entire future of the species was completely secured due to the large numbers of chicks, but even later that year adult specimens of the species had completely disappeared and the teams of researchers failed to find a single specimen.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The last known stomach-churning villain died in the lab in 1983.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Another species rapidly extinct was the “Bufo perigneles” golden toad species.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

In the 1987 breeding season, they were believed to have about 1500 adult specimens left, but as early as the following year no representatives of the species were found and in 1989 the species was declared extinct.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

At the latest it was realised amphibians were at risk all over the globe and worrying news of species loss and stock collapses were heard from around the world.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The problem was not only in densely populated pollutant habitats, but frog species were also at risk in remote areas.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Not only were the rarest species at risk; stocks of common frog species also fell.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

The phenomenon was reported from all continents.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

It was found that in places severe deformities and tumors occurred in frogs' chicks.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

According to a study in the United States, deformities had increased in 42 different states and in some places as many as half of the frogs had some form of deformity.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

[12] As malformations increased, frog fertility also decreased; according to a 1992 study in the western United States, up to 95% of frogs' eggs were destroyed before they were able to develop into larvae.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

[12] The International Organisation for Conservation of Nature IUCN has launched a project to identify the causes of increased deformities in frogs.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

There has been no success in finding a single factor, but IUCN studies suggest that a thinning ozone layer in the atmosphere and UV light reaching the ground may explain some of the deformity.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

An already small increase in radiation levels in a given area might be enough for egg destruction and, at worst, for the decline and perhaps extinction of entire frog populations.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

[12] Another notable factor in the increase in malformations and reduced fertility is environmental chemicals.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Many of the pesticides and chemical fertilizers used end up in the natural cycle, where they affect the animals' ability to reproduce and increase malformations as well as weaken immune defenses.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

[12] The weakening of immune defences leads to the fact that previously harmless bacteria and fungi have become very lethal among frogs.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Currently up to a third of known amphibians are at risk of being lost from Earth and becoming extinct.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

[13] Species loss is faster among amphibians than in any other animal group.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

[13] For example, the number of amphibians at risk exceeds the number of mammals and birds at risk.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

[13] Half of Europe's amphibian species are at risk of extinction by 2050.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

[14] Importance of amphibians to the ecosystem Amphibians are an important food source for several different animals.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Adult amphibians are part of the diet of some mammals and snakes, among other things.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

[15] The offspring of amphibians in the stage of development are also food for fish and various aquatic insects.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Amphibians are not only prey animals, but also predators, and therefore play a great role in the ecosystem.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

See also List of amphibians Sources On topic elsewhere (pdf) Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

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Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

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Question: Do roaring frogs live in Finland?

amphibians

* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forest industry in Finland

The forest industry in Finland is a forest industry sector in Finland.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forest industry in Finland

It includes both the mechanical forestry industry and the chemical forestry industry.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forest industry in Finland

Today, the forestry industry generates about a fifth of Finland's export income, a slightly smaller proportion of total industrial production and about 15% of industrial jobs.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forest industry in Finland

Its share of the Finnish economy has decreased significantly since the 1960s.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forest industry in Finland

The Finnish forest industry, which has long been distributed to dozens of companies, began to merge and make large, somewhat overpriced acquisitions around the world from the 1980s until the early 2000s.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forest industry in Finland

However, it was heavily paper-weighted and entered a cycle of factory closures even in Finland as digitalisation accelerated in the first decade of the 21st century, at the end of which the world economy fell into a further recession.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forest industry in Finland

[1] However, with the arrival of the 2010s, the products of the Finnish forestry industry diversified, and a considerable amount of investment has been made in the sector in recent years.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[2] Forestry industry in Finland's economy The value of forest industry production in Finland totalled around EUR 20.7 billion in 2013, including the furniture industry.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

It produced about 18% of the value of Finnish industrial production and provided about 15% of the jobs in Finnish industry.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[3] In 2013, the forestry industry produced one fifth of the value of Finland's exports (pulp, paper and paper products 15.8% and timber and wood products 4.2%).


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

As recently as the 1960s, forestry industry products covered three-quarters of exports.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[4] Of the individual countries, Finland's forestry products were exported most in 2015 to Germany (16% share), Great Britain (9.8%) and the United States (6.3%).


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[5] In the 2000-decade, more than 40% of export tonnes by sea were products of the forestry industry.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[6] The raw wood used by the Finnish forest industry is mostly harvested from the domestic land, but about 10% is imported from abroad, mostly from Russia but also from the Baltic basin region and Sweden.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

Most of the imported wood is scarce birch pulpwood and coniferous wood available in Finland.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[7] In 2014, about 64 million cubic metres of raw wood were used in Finland.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

The production concentration in southeastern Finland used wood by far the most of geographical areas, almost one third, and up to 70% of imported wood.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[8] The vast majority of wood raw material in Finland is used in the manufacture of paper, approximately 54 million cubes of wood material in 2006.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

Sawmills and other timber industry used 32 million cubes of wood.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

By-products, industrial solid wood fuels and waste broths from the wood processing industry produced more than 15% of the energy used in Finland at the time.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[9] In the forest industry, growth areas include construction and decoration, packaging and tissue papers, and bio-based energy.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[10] There has been a lot of bioeconomy debate in Finland, with the aim of raising bioeconomy output to EUR 100 billion and creating 100000 new jobs.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

In the forestry and wood products sector, this means new types of high-value-added products and services.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[11] New products in the bioeconomy emerge from bioenergy, biofuels and biochemicals, as well as combining wood and fibre with other materials.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[10] Information technology is used to develop smart paper and packaging products as well as building materials.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

An example of smart products already in production are RFID labels.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

With nanoscale technologies, products acquire new kinds of features.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

New applications are emerging alongside existing products, for example, in the food and pharmaceutical industries.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[12] Forestry industry as employer Chemical forestry industry The chemical forestry industry produces paper and paperboard, pulp and mechanical pulp, the latter two of which are used to produce the former.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[13] 25 paper mills, 14 board mills and 15 pulp mills operate in Finland.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

They employ around 22,000 people in Finland (2014).


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[13] Mechanical forest industry Mechanical forestry industry, or wood products industry, manufactures wood products mechanically, i.e. by sawing, planing, turning and gluing.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

The sawmill industry is the largest subdivision.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

The saw and sheet industries are highly automated, and jobs are related to control and quality assurance.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

Hand skills are still needed, for example, in carpentry and boat-building work.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[14] Vocational qualifications related to the wood products industry can be completed in vocational schools and universities of applied sciences.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

Professional titles include at least process manager, carpenter and boat builder.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

Also in universities you can orient towards woodworking engineering or process engineering.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[14] The wood products industry employs around 26000 people in Finland, in addition to around 9000 persons receiving their operations from furniture manufacturing.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[14] The largest companies and labour market associations on the Helsinki Stock Exchange are Stora Enso, UPM-Kymmene and Metsä Board, [15] the latter of which is a listed subsidiary of Metsä Group, owned on a cooperative basis.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

In 2015, Stora Enso was the second largest manufacturer of printing paper in the world.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[16] In addition to the sawmills of large forestry companies, there are also several other larger sawmill companies in the country, such as Versowood, Westas Group and the sawmill operations originally purchased from Vapo by the Austrian company Binderholz [17].


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[18] [19] [20] A small number of forest industry production facilities in Finland are mainly directly foreign-owned, including the Savon Sellu board factory in Kuopio, Nokia Paper tissue factory and Kirkniemi paper mill in Lohja.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[21] [22] Many workers in the forestry industry are organised either in the Paper Union or the Federation of Wood and Special Sectors.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

Employers are represented by umbrella organisations Metsäteollisuus ry and Suomen Sahat ry.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

The association of forest owners belonging to forest management associations is the Finnish Association of Agricultural and Forestry Producers.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[23] Wood species used by the Finnish forest industry Finland's low-species forests consist mainly of a few species of wood, pine and spruce.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

For a long time the forest industry used almost pine and spruce alone, birch was mainly used as a raw material for plywood.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

The appreciation of birch began in the 1980s and the wound in the 1990s.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

As short fibers, birch and aspen are well suited for the manufacture of fine paper.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

Due to the forest management, which favours coniferous trees, as well as natural growing conditions, Finland's hardwood resources are quite small.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[9] Energy and environmental impacts Of the industries, the environmental impacts of forest industry have been the strongest.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

All over Finland have been affected by logging, ditching, forest road networks and discharges into waterways and air.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

Large amounts of eutrophicant and toxic discharges were introduced into the waterways.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

The paper industry and sawmills use a significant amount of Finland's energy production.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

Problems in forest industry processes have also been caused by its being the largest emitter of odour.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

Wood impregnations have contaminated soils and toxic sediment layers of water generated by the pulp industry.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[24] Today the industry is responsible for only a few per cent of the eutrophication load, but locally they are still major hotspots.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

Industrial wastewater discharges are approximately 1.1 billion cubes each year, the vast majority of which is generated in the forestry industry.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[24] The paper industry uses the most energy of the Finnish industry sectors (277000 TJ in 2013).


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[25] The forest industry uses wood both as a raw material and as a source of energy.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

It uses much of Finland's wood fuel.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[26] From the beginning of Finland's independence until the post-World War II period, forests were chipped mainly for firewood.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

Wood use in the forestry industry later supplanted firewood.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

[27] From the beginning of its activity, the chemical forestry industry was the largest water hotspot in Finland until the turn of the millennium.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

Factories were set up on the shore of the watercourses so that the material could be easily transported and so that the water needed in the process was easily obtained from the watershed.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

At the same time, it was easy to lower the sewage into the water system.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

Many factories were established in areas where there was no other industrial load.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

Some of them were above water baths, creating additional challenges to the quality of water purification.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

Emissions have been restricted by laws and a permitting process starting in the 1960s.


Question: What is the most common type of wood used in industry in Finland?

Forestry industry in Finland

The first to start regulating the amount of solids so as not to flatter the water body and the amount of biologically oxygen-consuming substances to protect fish stocks.