Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The canal bracket usually has traffic lights with red and green lights on the signage to tell you when to drive into the canal.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Lighthouses and splendours are bus control, so not actual traffic lights.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

See also Traffic telematics Traffic planning Ampelmännchen Sources on the topic elsewhere Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

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Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

(in French) Category:62.41 Land Transport Category:Traffic Planning Category:Road Traffic Category:Automation Category:Key articles in screening


Question: Who invented the relay?

Relay

A relay is an electrically controlled electromechanical switch, the operation of which is based on an electromagnet.


Question: Who invented the relay?

Relay

The relay was invented by Joseph Henry in 1835.


Question: Who invented the relay?

Relay

Using a separate control current, the relay is used to control higher voltages and electric currents.


Question: Who invented the relay?

Relay

Large relays for controlling the main circuit are often called contactors.


Question: Who invented the relay?

Relay

Principle of operation When power is connected to the coil of the relay, it generates a magnetic field that pulls the moving tip of the relay into a stationary contact (or disconnects it from it, depending on the structure of the relay).


Question: Who invented the relay?

Relay

When the relay is cut off the control voltage, the tip returns to the so-called resting position by spring force (in certain relays it can also remain in place).


Question: Who invented the relay?

Relay

Uses Controlling a high voltage circuit at low voltage Controlling a strong current with a weak current (for example, car lights are controlled by relays.)


Question: Who invented the relay?

Relay

JA according to Boolean logic can be implemented by series coupling of relays and PARALLEL coupling of OR relays.


Question: Who invented the relay?

Relay

These couplings are used in safety-critical logics such as nuclear waste treatment.


Question: Who invented the relay?

Relay

For sound output mm.


Question: Who invented the relay?

Relay

In bells: In hibernation, the anchor is attached to the bell's dome.


Question: Who invented the relay?

Relay

The power in the control coil is switched in series with the circuit controlled by the relay.


Question: Who invented the relay?

Relay

In it, a current passes as the relay armature touches the dome, which is connected to the zero potential.


Question: Who invented the relay?

Relay

The coil begins to pull the anchor towards itself and when the anchor comes off the dome, the current breaks off and the spring strikes against the anchor's dome and a sound is generated.


Question: Who invented the relay?

Relay

This will repeat itself as long as electricity is available.


Question: Who invented the relay?

Relay

Types of relays Step relay Step relay (also impetus relay, impulse relay or pulse relay) changes modes whenever the control current is switched on and retains status even if the control current is cut off.


Question: Who invented the relay?

Relay

Step relays are used for lighting control, for example, if button-shaped switches are used.


Question: Who invented the relay?

Relay

Time Relay The time of operation of the time relay can be adjusted.


Question: Who invented the relay?

Relay

For example, timing can work in daytime cycles (outdoor lighting and car heating sockets) or start over when pressing the switch (stairlight vending machine).


Question: Who invented the relay?

Relay

(Cf.


Question: Who invented the relay?

Relay

clock switch) Contactor Relays for high power are called contactors.


Question: Who invented the relay?

Relay

They are used in the control of electric motors and large groups of luminaires.


Question: Who invented the relay?

Relay

Thermal relay Thermal relay turns off power in case of overload.


Question: Who invented the relay?

Relay

They are usually used in overcurrent protection of electric motors.


Question: Who invented the relay?

Relay

Semiconductor relay Semiconductor relay does not contain moving parts, so it is much faster and can withstand more switching times than a mechanical relay.


Question: Who invented the relay?

Relay

The tips have been replaced by transistors or other semiconductor switches.


Question: Who invented the relay?

Relay

Reed relay Reed relay (also referred to as language relay) consists of ferromagnetic contact strings located in a tube protected from moisture, and a coil around a tube that generates a magnetic field.


Question: Who invented the relay?

Relay

When an electric current is passed to the coil, the strings bend together or apart depending on the type of contacts.


Question: Who invented the relay?

Relay

Reed relays do not withstand high currents, but they are fast and can withstand multiple switching times.


Question: Who invented the relay?

Relay

Similar to the Reed relay, there is also a magnetic proximity switch used in burglar alarms: a permanent magnet attached to the door magnetizes the tongue relay attached to the door wrong, which closes.


Question: Who invented the relay?

Relay

When the door opens, the magnetic field is eliminated and the tongue relay opens.


Question: Who invented the relay?

Relay

Types of contacts The relay may have one or more contacts.


Question: Who invented the relay?

Relay

The closing contact (NO, Normally Open) lets the current pass when the relay pulls.


Question: Who invented the relay?

Relay

The opening contact (NC, Normally Closed) turns off the power when pulling the relay.


Question: Who invented the relay?

Relay

The shift contact (CO, Change Over) includes both functions.


Question: Who invented the relay?

Relay

Category:Electronics Components Category:Key Articles in Screening


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Horses have been present on the territory of Finland since prehistoric times.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Horse gear has been found in Middle Iron Age tombs.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

There has hardly ever been a wild horse population on the territory of Finland.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

In 2014, Finland had 16000 horse stables and 74600 horses [1].


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

3000 foals were born, 1300 horses were imported, and the equine sector employed 15000 people.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

[1] Of the horse population, about 20,000 were Finnish horses, 25,000 were warm-blooded crayfish, 20,000 were mounted horses and 10,000 were ponies.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

[1] Horses are used most in Finland for racing, the next most important use is riding.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

To some extent, horses are also used in work driving (for example, forestry work and tillage) and as a therapy animal.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

History Horses were in Finland for a long time mainly used by the superiors and the army; the main driving and working animal of the common people was the bull.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

The oldest known document of the Finnish horse trade dates back to 1299, when Pope Gregory IX, in a letter to the Gotland merchants, reproached their method of selling horses to Finnish pagans.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

[2] [3] Later, horse trading turned to export profits.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

For example, one Russian chronicle mentions “Tamma-Karelia” apparently referring to an illustrious horse-breeding area.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

[4] [5] Later in the 16th century, Olaus Magnus mentioned the good quality of horses used by the then Finns.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

[4] As early as 1347, King Maunu IV of Sweden felt it necessary to restrict the export of horses from Karelia.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

[2] [4] In 1520, Gustav Vasa observed the Finns taking horses to Lübeck by shipload, and prohibited such trading [2] and the sale of horses under 7 years of age as detrimental to the local population.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Breeds The most common single horse breed in Finland (about a third of the population) and the only native horse breed is the Finnish horse of the common horse type.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

In addition, Finnish half-bred and Finnish mounted pony have been developed from foreign horse stocks.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

The Finnish horse is descended from horses that have been transported to Finland with humans, with a wide variety of breeds and horse types mixed and deliberately crossed over time.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Beginning in the 16th century, the original miniature Finnish-land strains and mixed cross-breeding influences began to be refined to a bulkier and more powerful horse.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

In the 19th century, four different types of the Finnish horse were known, which later merged with each other.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Crossing activities continued to fade until the late 19th century, when, with the development of Finnish national feeling, the Finnish horse type, which was perceived as a symbol of Finland, wanted to be refined into a breed and extraneous traits to be pruned out.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

In 1894, Finland's first equestrian breeding association Hippos, now the national trade association Suomen Hippos, was established in the position.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

The breeding work resulted in the Finnish horse, whose studbook was established in 1907 and declared in 2011 the official national symbol of Finland.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Horse meat Finnish eats an average of 0.5-0.6 kg of horse meat annually.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Approximately 4000 horses are removed each year, of which around 40% were used for food in 2014.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

In the 2010s, horse meat has been produced in Finland to an increasing extent, up to 450 tonnes in 2014.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Horsemeat was imported from Canada, Mexico, South America and Europe in 2050 tonnes.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

[1] Horse Equipment Class harness The main link in Finnish driving horse culture is class harnessing.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

According to Gustav Vilkuna, you can find the first information about the classes in Finland and Estonia.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

In ancient poems, the class harness is very ordinary and the first written mention is from the 1430s in Bishop Henry's slaying poem.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

In Estonia, mention can be found in 1494.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

In Russia, written information about the class can be found considerably later.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

In Sweden there are no old records, explorer Carl von Linnékin first saw the class in 1732 in Finland.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

In the old tax books, the class was the property of the house, Lemun Nyynäinen house was marked 1549 by two painted classes.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

In the tax books of the 18th century, the class was common throughout the country.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

The area of use of the class is very uniform, in addition to Finland and Estonia, the class is used by Russian and Finno-Ugric peoples.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

The western border runs through Curonia, Latvia.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

The name commonly used in Finland is class or class, in Karelia vemmel, vempele and vembel in Vepsä.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

The word class taasen is uniform in Finnish, vatja, Estonian and vest.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Vehicles In 1587, John III issued an order to build roads.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

The Häme bull road from Turku to Hämeenlinna was Finland's first highway.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Finland's first factory producing horse vehicles was located in Uskela, Varsinais-Finland.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

The chariots came mainly for the use of the exalted, the rags were not allowed to use or manufacture them.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Ordinary people travelled mainly by water in summer, sleighs were driven in winters and also in summer.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

In the 17th century, roadways were mainly mounted roads.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Inns kept men, horses and carriages on call for passengers.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Until the 17th century, it was the duty of peasants to arrange a so-called holly ride for journeymen when necessary.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Holly shifts varied from house to house and their length depended on the size of the space.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

In the 18th century, Finnish roads had been built and could be used to drive with carts.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

In France, the Royal Palace of Versailles was built at a distance from Paris and light chaises were developed for the transport needs of the servicemen.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

From France, chaise spread to other parts of Europe and through Sweden to Turku and from there further to the provinces.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Vehicle manufacturing was concentrated in specific localities.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

In Häme, the carts were produced in Hauho and Tuuonen, in Karelia in Valkjärvi and Liperi, in Ostrobothnia first in Närpiö and in Ylimarku.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

In the 1780s, horse vehicles began to be produced at the Könn factory in Ilmajoki.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Production lasted there until 1865.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

In addition to vehicles, other blacksmiths were also manufactured as well as watches.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

The factory plant was extensive with many departments, apprentices and workers were abundant, as well as subcontractors as far away as Lake Alajärvi.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

In Kurika Kampinkylä, carts began to be manufactured by Juho Siltala.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Juho's father, Kisko-Sameli, had already made church caps for sale.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Juho had inherited his skills from his father and watched the works of Könn's masters.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

1797 Gustav Samelinpoika Könni-Ujanen was born in a blacksmith's croft and went to the clockmaker's doctrine in Stockholm.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Gustavus Ujanen was married to Maria Simoonindaughter Juvel, or Talvitie.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

He became particularly famous for the carriages and chaises he made.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

By the early 19th century, urban sparse wagon makers could no longer satisfy demand, and the manufacture of carts and sleighs began to develop as a means of livelihood even in rural areas.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Initially, production was on the procurement of weathermen and bourgeoisie.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

As roads improved, demand began to grow more and more and in the middle of the 19th century began to be additionally influenced by the easing of carts.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Heavy size cart bodies were replaced by small-gauge and the cart suspension was greatly improved.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Old-style chaise bows were robust iron or wooden bows supplemented by groaning leather straps.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

As the metal industry developed, a thin but flexible and durable steel molding started to be produced cheaply when pre-rolled.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Lighter but more powerful cart springs could be built from it.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

The manufacture of church baskets also became easier thanks to the highly worked irons of the industry and the improvement of tools.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

After 1850, demand for vehicles increased rapidly as carts spread to the use of peasant regulation.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

In Ujaistenkylä, stately and heavy chaises began to be manufactured by “Juuveli” and his sons, and he was helped by a “föörissmith” born in Sweden.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Born in 1847, Valentin Kuusisto is said to have been the first sleigh maker to start making sleigh timber parts during the latter years of the 1860s.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

He took them to the Big Coke to be reinforced and traded them there for grains.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

This suggests that Nopa did not yet have blacksmiths specialising in vehicles.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

By the 1860s, the vehicle industry in the larva villages of Kurika was not very extensive.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

The main product was sleighs and they were not made in abundance yet.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

The production was mainly based on the professional enterprising nature of the Kisko-Samel family.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

The roots of the drift metal industry in Kurika and Nopankylä are in the work of the Kisko-Samel family and the masters of Könn.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

In 1865 production ceased in Könn after the last master Jaakko Ala-Könn died.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

At Yli-Könn, the descendants were too young to continue producing, despite attempts it was no longer successful.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Cheap “bloom watches” began to come from abroad, supplanting Könn's stubby designs.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

In 1869, the larva villages of Ilmajoki, Noppa, Viitala, Kamppi and Kurikka emerged as the main vehicle manufacturers in Ostrobothnia.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Mass production of chaises began only after learning to know the light and graceful “turku” cart model.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

1869 the vicar's assistant became G.A.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Rydman from Turku, he brought a line stroller with him.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

They began to be replicated in Nopa, soon in Kurika Viitalankylä, from where the model spread to other parts of Kurikka.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

By 1875, Noppa had gained the specialised skill required for large-directional driving tools.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Dice's vehiclesmiths and nickers had come there from Kurika from neighbouring villages.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Mentionably the blacksmiths Jaakko Frigård and Jaakko Saari, Nikkari Juhani Tuomela and painter Matti Huhtasaari.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

In the 1880s, vehicle manufacturing was very extensive throughout Finland, carts were also exported abroad to Sweden and Russia.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Valentin Kuusisto carved the first “turkulas” and sold it to Juho Mahlamäki in Ilmajoki Huiss.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

The vehicle industry really got off the ground from the Midsummer Market of 1880, about which there was a newspaper story: “Cartwheels and incomparably poorly, that is, sensibly made cage strollers have been in the market square”.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Apparently, the Ostrobothians had modified the turun model in the author's opinion in an inappropriate way or the carts were roughly and primitively made (T.Virrankoski).


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

In Alavuja, horse driving tools began to be produced in earnest in the 1880s, when Matti Vihtori Pukkila, a blacksmith, hired a painter, a blacksmith and a carpenter, with whom the manufacture of racing games for sale began.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

In Alavuja, the cart master Jussi Seppälä from Kuivaskylä, he was an all-rounder who mastered the forging of iron as well as the carving of wood.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

1890 Matti Kananoja, Pakan Matti was a noted businessman in the drift metal industry.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

He was engaged in drift tools industry in Viitalankylä and built a very large factory building next to his house.In the best times he had a considerable number of men working “planing”, also along Viitala, Kamppi and Nopankylä.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

There were two wicker buildings for rubbing sleighs and carts, in addition to that, drift tools were rubbed by blacksmiths from Nopan, Kamppi and Viitalankylä.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Mati also had a mixed goods shop that his wife Amalia (o.s. Autio) operated mainly while the host was often “on wheels” in the world.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

In addition to the cart industry, he was engaged in a comparatively large cart and sleigh brokerage business.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

He bought in 1908 pretty much all the works done by the masters of Viitala and Kampinkylä finished.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

The prices paid by Mat were generally satisfied.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

The products he sold mainly on the market all the way from Pori to Rovaniemi, even to Russia and Sweden.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Especially in Sweden they began to go when the cart from Kananoja had won the second prize at the agricultural exhibitions held there.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

1894 on 13 May, the Kurika Craftsmen's Association was founded on advice from Blunqvist's suggestion.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

The association did not immediately take off, but resurrected after a few years with the latest force.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Blunqvist, in particular, drew attention to the drifter industry, which he had not seen anywhere else in Finland developed and grown so far.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Blunqvist suggested to the cart masters that they should join together and establish an association.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

1898 in Nopankylä, Finland's first cooperative shop was established in “topuä” in Rehula's hemkamari.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

1899 The Kurika Craftsmen's Society came to life with carpenter Emmanuel Johanson on 9 July.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

The meeting was led by teacher Kaarlo Saari, under whose leadership the association developed into a diverse and able-bodied organisation.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

The goal of the Kurika Craftsmen Association was to improve quality in the products of the drift tool industry, as well as diversify the Kurican industry.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Oskari Hanka, a blacksmith, made a proposal to introduce a trademark “patronage mark”, which was struck on the products of the association members as a mark of quality.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

In addition, products had to be hit with their own brand.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

As a result, this operation had a significant improvement in the quality of the drift tools.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

At a meeting in February of the following year, the question of the establishment of a craftsman school was raised.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Teacher Saari began to drive the issue anxiously and began to be taken as an evening class three times a week, the subjects included drawing, calculus and measurement doctrine.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Particular attention was paid to the drawing, and through it the models of drift tools stylish and at the same time practical.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Efforts were also made to give birth to new and more beautiful drifter designs.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Teaching was also sought to be given in practical drift work.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

1900 Kurika Driving Link School started operations in the spring.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

The school encompassed all areas of drift bone work: wood, metal, painting and padding.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Learning time was 3 years on the upside of the house.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

The reputation of Kurikkan drift tools was initiated when Jaakko Huhtanen received an 1899 grant from the Vaasancounty Agricultural Society for the old Turku Driving School.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

After a year of school paid off, Huhtanen immediately put into practice the knowledge and doctrines obtained from there.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

He set about acquiring a driving school in Kurikka, there were difficulties and funds were needed beyond the 1500 mk of state aid he received.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

A pictorial price list was printed at the Kaiu print of Suupohja in Kristiina, Huhtanen realized the power of advertising and announced in the press.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

He also stopped visiting the market and in its place created a network of agents and direct sales.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

The early 20th century until the First World War was a period of glory for the manufacture of Nopankylä carts.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

At best times, the carts were reinforced in the workshop for 25 pieces.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

On the hill of Teemu there was a calcatus out of twenty dikes.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

The manufacture of carts was such a large industry in Nopankylä and Kurika that drift tools were commonly called “Kurikkans”.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Nopa, Kamppi and Viitala carts were available for sale in the Mettumaari market in Vaasa from the end of the 19th century onwards.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

1901 made an important contribution to the development of racing carts by Jaakko Huhtanen of Kurika driving grade school.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

The first model was a “hard-wheeled racing cart”.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

1902 Kurika's Board of Craftsmen had awarded a 100 mk travel grant to send a representative to the Saint Petersburg Craft Exhibition.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

J. Huhtanen, the head of the drifting school, who, upon his return from there, gave the required clearance.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

1904 In 1904, the Kurikka craftsmen's cooperative planned to resurrect the Könn watch industry and the matter was thought through and studied more than once.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

However, the final project did not come to fruition.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

1905 a shop was completed for the cooperative shop in Nopankylä.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

1906 a handicraft exhibition comprising a whole country was organized in Kuopio.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

The Kurika Craftsmen Co-operative and the Kurika Driving School decided to take part in the exhibition.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

The works of both were awarded, but the first prize was not given to either of them.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

The review was harsh, the Danish model cart made of curly birch in the drift school took second prize.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

The products of Pukkila's drift shop were awarded the first prize at the Kuopio Exhibition.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

1907 After Huhtanen's death, the model of the racing cart still in use today was designed by Oskari Hanka, a blacksmith.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Oskari Palonen built a neo-model racing cart in a workshop at Kurika Driving School.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

The load-bearing structure was a frame made of metal tubing, to the forks of which air-rubber tyred surface wheels were attached.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

1908 According to a study by Lauri Kuoppamäki, 79 men participated in the manufacture of drift tools in 1908 in Kurika, excluding family members.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

There must have been the same number of cart makers in Nopankylä.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

1910 Nice had driving gunners from 20 to 30, carpenters were needed twice as many.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

In addition, there were painters, toppers, auxiliaries and specialists in sales.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

The drifters involved about 90 men, 2/3 of the village of 700 were involved in some way with drift tools.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

From the beginning of the 20th century, Nopankylä was the most significant centre of artisan industry in Ilmajoki until the 1950s.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

To the Mettumaari market in Vaasa, the “Kurikkans” are reported to have driven a Hoijakka “train” one and a half kilometres long.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

The newspaper's market reporter grew tired after counting 250 carts.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

At first, 4-5 carts were pulled at once on the horse, later, when breeding work produced a larger swamp horse, the number of carts increased to seven sometimes eight.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

1911 Kurika Craftsmen's Co-operative planned to set up a share company, but the project did not proceed further until 1911 when the cooperative bought the Huhtanen drift mill after his death.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Juho Luhtase became Jaakko Huhtanen's “second-in-command” and ran a driving school after Jaakko's death.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Due to a nasty fire at a driving school, Juho Luhtase was made a scapegoat for what happened and had to serve a castle sentence for it.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

It was later found and told by descendants he was not to blame for what happened.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

1913 at the Pan-Russian Domestic Exhibition in Saint Petersburg, Pukkila's racing games won the first prize.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

1914 During World War I, the drifter industry received a severe warning about the impact of cyclical cycles on industrial production.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

During that time, drift tools were almost not traded and the cause was the crippling of the sawmill industry as exports stopped due to the war.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

After the war, demand increased and drifters again had outlets.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

1924 At the Helsinki Fair, rubber-wheeled hunting carts made in Vihtori Pukkila's workshop were awarded with gold medals.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

In the 1930s, the Pula period hit hard again as forest incomes were left low.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Technical advances also led to a drop in demand for equine vehicles.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

As the number of cars increased and bus traffic developed, travelling long distances became easier.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

1935 In Kurika, the drift metal industry was the largest and oldest branch of industry, it gave a large number a living and livelihood opportunity.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

1945 After the Second World War, demand increased again in the drifter industry until the fifties.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

The number of automobiles and mechanized vehicles was small after the war, but development moved inexorably forward eventually displacing the horse and its stern connected vehicles, as well as tools.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

1955 The last cart blacksmith in Nopankylä, Arvo Hautamäki, closes the door of his workshop.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

The production of horse driving tools had come to the end of its way over time, as the replacement industry became furniture manufacturing.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

After the 1960's, the only horse racing tools to be manufactured were light training and racing carts, thanks to the strong growth of racecourse racing.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

However, in Kurika and Nopankylä, the manufacture of drift tools ended for good.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

1990 -Keski-Hirvelä Kurikan Pääla starts the production of four-wheeled trills again, modelled on the trilla that participated in Kuopio's 1906 craftsmanship competition in Kuopio.


Question: Where have horses come to Finland?

Horse in Finland

Sources Category:History of Finland Category:Horse


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Mao Zedong (pronunciation in Mandarin, courtesy name: Rùnzhī, 26 December 1893 — 9 September 1976) was a Chinese communist, soldier and politician who developed a doctrine and communist tendency known as Maoism.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

As the first chairman of the Communist Party of China, Mao led the Communists to victory in the Chinese Civil War, and on October 1, 1949, he founded the People's Republic of China, led by a sovereignist until his death.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

In China, he was referred to in his time by the title “Big Four”: “Great Teacher, Great Leader, Great High Commander, Great Helmsman” (大， 大， 大， 大， 大), and especially since the start of the Cultural Revolution, the cult of personnel developed around him reached enormous proportions.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Compiled from Mao's speeches and writings, the so-called Little Red Book is, according to estimates, the most printed work in the history of the world after the Bible and the Quran, making him also the most read political writer in the world and one of the most read writers in general.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Mao's notable merits have included elevating China back to a superpower after the dominance of foreign countries that began with the opium wars.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

He has been considered to have unified previously fragmented China, dismantled the feudalistic system and at least aided in the expulsion of Japanese conquistadors.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Instead, most of his campaigns, the most famous of which were the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution five years later, resulted in the perishing of tens of millions of Chinese and disruption of China's development.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

According to modern China, “Mao was 70 per cent right.”


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

[1] [2] During Mao's reign, an estimated total of about 40—70 million Chinese died in forced labour, famine (exemplified by the Great Chinese Famine) and “purges”, making Mao a greater murderer than, say, Adolf Hitler and Josif Stalin.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

[3] Despite this, China's population also increased during his reign in 26 years from about 500 million to nearly one billion.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

He is often referred to as “Speaker Mao”.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Adolescence Mao Zedong was born as the third child of a relatively prosperous farming family in Shaoshan village.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

He had two brothers, Zemin and Zetan, and one sister.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Mao's father Máo Yícháng (), born in 1870 and his mother Wén Sùqín (), born in 1867, went into an engagement arranged by their parents when Yichang was ten years old.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Five years after the engagement, Mao's parents married.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Shortly after this, Yichang went into the army to earn money, which was a common custom in China.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

At no point, however, Yichang had to wage war and after a few years he had earned enough money to be able to pay off his family's debts.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Upon returning home, he bought more land and began raising pigs and farming rice.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Soon he was one of Shaoshan's richest men.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Despite his wealth, Yichang was very frugal.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Childhood When Mao was born in 1893, he was the third son in the family, but two of his older brothers died in their childhood years.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Mao's brothers Zemin and Zetan were born between 1896 and 1905.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

During his early childhood, Mao spent quite an easy life with his mother's family Wenie in their home village.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

The Wenie family treated Mao very well and Mao loved his mother greatly.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

During this time he worked light jobs and learned to read.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Mao returned to Shaoshan at the age of eight in 1902.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

After coming to his father's home village, young Mao began studying under the guidance of a private tutor.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

At that time, Chinese study largely encompassed memorization of Confucian works.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

The same training included studying Chinese language and history, as well as poetry.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

However, nothing came of Mao's study.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

At the age of 10 he ran away from school for the first time.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

In total he was expelled from three schools


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Yichang, as the payer for Mao's education, did not like this, and they constantly had conflicts.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Where his mother pampered him, Yichang was unhappy with Mao's low school performance, laziness and lack of access at work.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Mao hated manual labour all his life, and “he shunned it as soon as his peasantry days were over.” [4] Since Mao's father was himself a laborer, he hated Mao's inactivity.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

If Mao wasn't amused to work, Yichang beat his child.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Mao quarreled with his father frequently, but in between also “won” fights.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Generally, the father with his authority and Mao's breadwinner, however, prevailed and when Mao 1907 was again expelled from school, the father decided to stop paying for his son's education.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Thus, Mao now became a full-time farmer.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

First Marriage Since the feudal period in China — early 20th century China was increasingly feudalistic — the only means of reaching the better places of society and all the way to Mandarin, was through study, and especially the study of Confucian classics, Yichang nevertheless hoped his son would continue studying.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Thus, Yichang and Mao made an agreement that the father would finance Mao's studies if Mao were to marry his cousin.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

The marriage to Luó Yīxiù (), four years older than Mao, was contracted in 1907, when Mao was 14.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

However, arranged marriage was not exactly to Mao's liking and he began to hate arranged marriages.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Mao and Luo had time to be married for less than three years.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Luo died of dysentery in 1910 and Mao was widowed at the age of 16.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

After the death of Youth Luó Yīxiù (), Yichang tried to entice Mao to run his rice trade in a nearby town.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

However, Mao wanted to continue studying, as the old Imperial and Confucian schools had been abolished and modern schools teaching Western subjects had been replaced.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Around this time, China was undergoing a huge transformation: in the 19th century Britain had humiliated China in the Opium Wars.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Many European states, including Britain, France, Russia and Germany, controlled large areas on Chinese soil as a result of the Second Opium War.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

The Qing dynasty, which ruled China from the 17th century, had instituted a series of reforms with the most significant aim of transforming Imperial China into a constitutional monarchy by 1917.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

[5] Mao went to school in Wen County.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

School fees were quite high, but Mao and his maternal family pressured Yichang, who eventually agreed to pay Mao's school and accommodation fees.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Mao was at this school for only a few months, after which he began studying in Changsha in 1911.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

While studying in Changsha, Mao came into contact with radical movements.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

The republican turmoil in 1911 China was very intense and Mao took part in it enthusiastically.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

On 10 October 1911, the Wuchang Uprising toppled the empress rule that ruled China for 4000 years and the Republic of China was established in China.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

The ruler of the new republic became Yuan Shikai, but upon his demise in 1916, the Chinese state practically disintegrated into petty states ruled by local warlords.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

In any case, there were a lot of different study opportunities in the young republic.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Mao, however, enlisted in one of the republican armies, but resigned from it after a few months.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

After that, he returned to study.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Since there were significant attempts to improve education in China in the 1910s, studying to be a teacher was free, for which career Maokin embarked.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

He transferred to Peking University in 1918.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

At the university, his teacher was Li Dazhao, possibly giving impetus to Mao's idea of a revolution leaning on rural populations.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

For a short time Mao was a librarian in Beijing, but did not perform very well at the university and after less than six months in Beijing he returned to Changsha, where he was a part-time history teacher.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Establishment of the Communist Party At the 1919 Paris Peace Conference, it was decided that Japan would be allowed to keep the Shangdong it had taken from Germany.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Geographically and historically, however, the area was part of China.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

The Chinese Nationalist Party Guomindang (also Kuomintang) organized protests and the Chinese government was criticized for “selling the land”.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

[4] Riots broke out in China and Japanese products were boycotted and shops selling them were destroyed.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

An armed students' union was established in Changsha, which also included teachers.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Maokin joined the Students' Union and was the editor-in-chief of its journal, Xiangjoki.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

The magazine was not very notable for Mao's sole responsibility for most of its content and only appeared in four issues.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Going forward, Mao wrote articles for other journals.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Mao's mother died on October 5, 1919 and perhaps inspired by it some of the articles dealt with equality between men and women, which Mao advocated.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

In late 1919, students and teachers in Hunan Province attempted to depose the warlord Zhang Jingyaonn.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Mao was part of a delegation intended to go to Beijing to present his pleas to the central government to oust Zhang.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

However, the delegation failed in its goal.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

On that trip, however, Mao met various Chinese radicals, including his former teacher Li Dazhao and the most prominent Marxist of that time China, Chen Duxiu.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

This was planning at the time to establish the Communist Party of China.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

The newly formed Comintern supported the idea.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

On July 1, 1921, the Communist Party of China was founded at a girls' school in the French district of Shanghai, as it was not viewed favourably by the regime.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

The party had 57 members at the time, 12 of whom were there to establish it.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Its difference to other organisations was initially quite small, but the situation changed with the membership base.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

The party participated in the Comintern.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

On the other hand, Jung Chan posits in his book Mao that the party would have been founded in 1920 and that Mao would not have participated in its founding in any way, but rather the history of the Communist Party would have been forged by the People's Republic of China.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

[4] At the time of the party's founding, Chen commissioned Mao to open a bookstore selling communist literature in Changsha.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

As a bookstore owner, the 27-year-old Mao was thus involved in spreading communist ideas.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Later, Mao co-founded a branch of the Communist Party in Changsha and was recruiting people for communist trade unions.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Meanwhile, Mao began a relationship with Yang Kaihui, eight years younger than himself.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

In January 1920 while Mao was in Beijing, Yang's father died.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Later that year, after Mao returned to Changsha, he lived together with Yang at the school of which he was principal.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

However, they were not married and Mao often cheated on Yang with other women.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Mao and Yang married in late 1920 and moved in for good to live together.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Since Mao and Yang did not marry according to traditional rituals and marriages at that time in China were usually not registered, there is no official certificate of union.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

After Mao married for the second time, the Comintern began to go to greater lengths to bring about the Red Revolution in China.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Soviet agitators were sent to China and the Comintern became active in financing the activities of the Chinese communists.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

It was decided to hold the first party convention of the Communist Party of China, and a few Chinese communists, among them Mao Zedong, were sent invitation letters.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

The 1st Party Convention of the Communist Party of China began in Shanghai on July 23, 1921.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

It involved 13 people and there were 57 party members at that point.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

However, there was no Li Dazhao or Chen Duxiu at the 1st party convention, even though Chen was the leader of the party.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

By July 30, the party's program had been formulated (though not confirmed) and by the evening the Communist Party of China was declared established.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

As Communist leader in Hunan, after the first meeting of the Communist Party, Mao returned to Hunan.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

The Soviet Union, through the Comintern, sought to gain influence in China and to assist the Communist Party of China.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

So it funded the Chinese Communist Party massively.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

From October 1921 to June 1922, of the party's expenditure of 17655 yuan, about 95% was covered by foreign, or Soviet, grants.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Part of the funding thus also went to Mao, who was tasked in Hunan to serve as the head of the local branch of the Communist Party while also recruiting people for the party and trade unions that Mao was to establish.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Such an arrangement suited Mao very well.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Around this time, Mao was doing two jobs; principal and editor.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

As a practitioner of two professions, Mao had to do a lot.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

The subsidy money from the party meant considerable relief to this and it is plausible that Mao used some of the money he received to his own advantage.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

In any case, Mao earned enough from his work and the party money that he was able to establish a common home with his wife, Yang Kaihui, in October 1921.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Mao, meanwhile, sought to recruit people to be part of communist organizations.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

However, he did not perform very well in this position.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

The people he recruited were his friends or already politically active.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Jung Chan writes, “Unlike other founding dictators [...] Mao did not gather, with his oratory skills or ideological appeal, a passionate crowd of supporters around him.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Instead, he sought out willing recrytes in his immediate circle [to do the work he wanted].” On the other hand, most statements are contrasting, and Mao has been viewed as a charismatic leader.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

[6] Now, however, Mao had sufficient members and established a party branch in Changsha.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

The creation of trade unions did not fare any better from Mao.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

[4] However, a trade association of about 3000 men was established in Hu'nan.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

In 1922, the union organised major strikes, when its leaders — not Mao — were arrested and executed.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Due to his inefficiency, Mao no longer attended the 2nd Party Conference of the Communist Party of China in July 1922.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

At this meeting, among other things, the official accession of the Communist Party of China to the Comintern was decided.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

After the party conference, Mao stepped up his activities in Hu'nan and organised several demonstrations and strikes.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

He was also often negotiating on behalf of trade unionists.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

He also happened to be in the negotiation when Yang Kaihui and Mao had their first child Anying (Significant Person) on 24 October 1922.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Mao in the National Party In June 1922, the Communist Party of China had only just under 200 members in all of China.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

In contrast, China's National People's Party, the Kuomintang, was a very large party.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Nationalist Guomindang had several million members and even more supporters.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Partly under pressure from the Comintern, the Communist Party began infiltrating the Kuomintang.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

In 1922, Kuomintang leader Sun Yat-sen had asked the Soviet Union for help and in return would have given the Soviet Union a Uighur majority Sinkiang.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

In the Soviet Union it was decided to give the National Party full support and from 1923 the Comintern began funding the Kuomintang.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Where the Soviets tried to exploit Sun, Sun tried to exploit the Soviet Union.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

The ultimate goal of the Soviet Union was to bring the Bolsheviks into power in China.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

However, the Chinese Communist Party was too small, and so Josif Stalin, a leading figure who had risen high in the Soviet Union and the Comintern, speculated that the Communists, with their limited support, were unable to rise to power.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Thus, Chinese communists pursued Guomindang by infiltration to manipulate it.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Mao believed this policy to be a good means of elevating the Communists to power, and did not believe the chances of the little Communist Party to emerge as such as a major party in China, as he made clear at the 3rd Party Conference of the Communist Party of China.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

The endorsement of this policy and significant “mole work” in the Kuomintang re-elevated Mao to one of the KKP's prominent figures.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

The Kuomintang was reorganized and Communist Party members received a significant share of the National Party posts.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

At the same time, the Soviet Union significantly financed — as well as it had also funded the Communist Party — the Kuomintang and trained soldiers for it.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Mao was active in the Kuomintang and he even made it to become a member of its highest body, the Executive Central Committee.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Later, however, Mao began to become estranged from both the KKP and the Kuomintang.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

During 1924 his activities began to be passivated and at the end of the same year he was slowly ousted from various posts in the KKP.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Thus, he moved back to his old hometown of Shaoshan.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Around this time, the Communists were still consolidating their power in the Kuomintang and the National Party began to resemble the Communist Party in many respects.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

This period Mao spent in Shaoshan acting more or less actively in the National Party.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Nationalists' rise to power In 1926—27, the Nationalists began a campaign known as the Northern War Expedition with the aim of replacing the Beijing government with a new Nationalist government.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

This excursion also encompassed Hunan, where the Nationalist Provincial Government in Changsha was erected.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

In practice, this meant the establishment of numerous communist-type unions and associations and the disintegration of the old, feudalistic social system.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

It also meant that small, semi-autonomous territories controlled by warlords were effectively abolished.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

The violence began when the poor rural population started raiding the wealthier ones and murdering them.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

In December 1926, violence in Hunan spiralled out of control and Mao was asked as one of the most prominent organisers of the working population to calm the situation.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

On December 20, Mao gave a speech in Changsha in which he urged moderation not yet to dismantle the power of warlords and the richer population, but instead to focus on improving the economy and working conditions.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

However, the violence in Hunan did not subside, but rather surged — hardly because of Mao's speech.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

The wealthier population was arbitrarily massacred.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

When Mao was asked in March 1927 for instructions of action he stated that “one or two dead is not a very big deal.” [4] At the same time, land distribution was also implemented, partly arbitrarily by the peasants' own decisions, partly enforced by committees.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Mao also served on such committees and in April 1927 he was promoted in the KKP back to the Central Committee, from which he had been dismissed two years earlier.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

The collapse of the opposition with the emergence of the Nationalists as the most significant concentration of power in China (the Kuomintang formally ruled all of China, although much of the territory was held by local governments) began to experience Soviet and communist opposition in the Kuomintang.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

The Soviet Union was no longer necessary in the power struggle for Chinese supremacy and long-held discontent within the National Party over the adherence to the Moscow line reached power.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

At the 2nd Kuomintang Party Conference in January 1926, these opinions were also brought to light.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Of the party convention delegates in the Kuomintang, about a third were communists, thus significantly more than the number of communists of all members.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

The situation escalated rapidly and within a year most of the high-ranking nationalists (with the exception of Communist opposition) distanced themselves from the Soviet Union and demanded it from the party's general line as well.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

On 6 April 1927, the extent of the opposition was revealed in its entirety when the Beijing-based government, as a result of investigations by the authorities, gained possession of a series of Soviet documents from which it became clear that the ultimate goal of the Soviet Union was to impose a socialist puppet government in China.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Equally, the documents survived the Communist Party of China's links to the Soviet Union and similar attempts at revolution.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

On April 12, Nationalist general Chiang Kai-šek issued an order for the purge of the Kuomintang and published a list of those to be arrested, among them Máo Zédōng.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Purges under Chiang Kai-šek began in the same April 1927, when about 60 Chinese communists, among them Li Dazhao, one of the most prominent leaders of the KKP, were arrested.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Many of them, including Li, were executed by strangulation.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Orders were issued to arrest the Communists, and in Shanghai, where the Chinese Communist Party headquarters was based, a campaign to arrest the Reds began.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

However, the party's leadership failed to destroy in its entirety; it was pressed “underground” in Shanghai.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

An effort was made to disarm the armed forces of the communists, which to some extent was also successful.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

At the same time, Wuhan based Kuomintang leader Wang Jingwei initiated the persecutions of the communists on his own side and declared himself on the side of Chiang Kai-šek.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Chiang Kai-šek had virtually emerged as a leading figure in the Chinese National Party.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

By the end of the year, tens of thousands of communists had been killed.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

So Mao now went on the run from persecution, but it was not easy, as Chinese public opinion in Kuomintang-controlled areas was anti-communist.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Revolution Early years of the revolution In 1927, Mao participated in the famous Autumn Harvest Revolt in Changsha, Hunan, where he led one of the communist armies.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Another prominent leader of the rebellion was Zhou Enlai, who later became Mao's foreign minister.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Here Mao commanded a detachment called the “Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army”, but the army was beaten in numerous battles.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

The beaten troops retreated to Jiangxi, where the force was reorganized.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

In connection with the reorganisation, an order was also taken into force that a political commissar appointed by the party was to be placed in every company, who would issue policy instructions based on the provisions of the CCB.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

However, due to pressure from the Nationalists, the Communists were forced to retreat to the Jinggang Mountains where he met local warlords Yuan Wencai and Wang Zuo who began to cooperate with Mao.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

[7] From the Jinggang Mountains, Mao eventually expanded his area of support to a very large one.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

When Zhu De's army which had suffered severe losses against the Nationalists withdrew to the region, it and Mao's own forces joined together and formed the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

[8] From the Jinggang Mountains, the Reds waged a very successful guerrilla war against the central government.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

In the mountains, Mao also married a local woman, He Zizhen.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

In 1930, the Reds began drawing up a plan to establish a communist state in China's southern heartland, which would also cover some major cities such as Changsha and Nanchang.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Mao was tasked with taking over Nanchang.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Another prominent Red general, Peng Dehuai, was tasked with taking Changsha.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Both men had about 15000 men under their command, [9] which was a very large army in China of that time.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

However, Mao failed in the takeover of Nanchang, while Peng gained control of Changsha, where he proclaimed communist rule and presided over the establishment of headquarters in a former Bible college founded by the Americans.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

[10] Peng was able to hold his position in Changsha for a total of eleven days, after which the Nationalists, with the support of the US gunboat USS Palos, drove the Communists from the city.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

When the combined forces of Peng and Mao attempted to retake the city, it resulted only in drastic losses and the execution of Mao's former wife, Yang Kaihui.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Long march General Chiang Kai-šek, chairman of the Kuomintang Party, decided to destroy the communists.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

He tried several times to subdue the Jianxi Council, but Kuomintang forces succeeded in this only when Mao was ousted by the Communist Party leadership, which had followed Soviet instructions, by the leadership of the Communist Party.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

In September 1934, the communist army, under Mao, embarked on a long march from Jianxi to Shaanxi.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Although this 9,600-mile-long journey brought the Communists respect and credibility among the people, most of Mao's soldiers perished along the way.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

The Red Mao of Yanan began leading the communists' fight against the government from Shaanxi until the Japanese invaded China.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

He temporarily allied himself with the Kuomintang and fought against the Japanese in the Sino-Japanese War of 1937—1945.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

The Birth of Communist China After the end of the war, China sank into a civil war again, which the Communists eventually won.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Experiencing huge losses and losses, the Red Army conquered the former Qing Dynasty era capital, Beijing.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Chiang Kai-šek and soldiers loyal to him fled to the island of Taiwan.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

On October 1, 1949, Mao Zedong declared the People's Republic of China to be born, after which the capital of China moved from Nanjing to Beijing again.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Mao paid a state visit to Moscow on 4 January 1950 [11].


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

At the head of the People's Republic, China began to be made a communist state, and Mao wanted to collectivize the country as quickly as possible.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

The country also saw a series of reforms, including the Hundred Flower Campaign launched in 1956 and the anti-right-wing campaign that followed.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

However, the model for governance continued to be viewed from the Soviet Union, and an effort was made to raise heavy industry according to the Soviet model.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Thus, in 1958, Mao Zedong launched an economic and social plan called the “Great Leap” (ksin.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

大, Dàyuèjìn).


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Its goal was to use China's large population to transform the country from a predominantly agricultural-dominated, peasant-dominated economy into a modern and industrialized communist society.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Mao Zedong based his program on the theory of productive forces.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

During the Great Leap Forward, among other things, millions of laborers were put into making steel in homemade blast furnaces.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Mao believed that the Great Leap Forward would allow China to surpass Great Britain in steel production within the next 15 years.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

However, the miscalculations he made caused no one to harvest the crop again and agriculture collapsed.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Record-large crops were destroyed and as many as 40 million Chinese had had time to starve to death before the leap was stopped in 1960.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

An even bigger factor besides overworking farmers in the great famine was the Lysenko agricultural doctrine recommended by the Chinese leadership, which, among other things, recommended fertilizing fields with dry clay and planting plants as close together as possible.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

The Great Leap Forward is seen today both inside and outside China as a major economic failure and a huge human catastrophe.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

The reasons why Mao's regime responded so slowly to the suffering caused by the Great Leap Forward in the countryside were many.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

In rural areas, commissioners did not dare to tell the truth upwards on the party ladder, and therefore the suffering of the countryside was not visible in cities until food supplies to them were disrupted.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Due to the failure of the Great Leap Forward, Mao's grip on the leadership of the Communist Party weakened for a while.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

[12] Around the same time relations with the Soviet Union grew cold downright hostile.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Mao regarded rising to power Nikita Khrushchev as too right-wing and described the Soviet Union as a “revisionist renegade clique.”


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Liu Shaoqi and Deng Xiaoping had created a pragmatic model of governance in China, but Mao did not see it as consistent with the ideals of communism.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

On the other hand, art was critical of China's leaders, implicitly including Mao.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

In 1964, the famous work Extracts from the Works of Speaker Mao Zedong, or Little Red Book, was published which featured the ideas of Mao Zedong.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

The work became the second most common book in the world immediately after the Bible.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

The following year, Zedong published 23 passages in which he urged citizens to freely criticize all Chinese leaders, with the exception of him himself.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

The Cultural Revolution that took off from this gave rise to the Red Guards, hordes of enthusiastic youth who set up their own courts and freely eradicated old cultural markers from China.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

The Red Guards went on intellectuals and the leaders of the country and the situation, especially in the cities, turned into total chaos, which was no longer led by anyone, not even Mao himself.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

China sank into anarchy and chaos that scientists believed halted the country's development for the next ten years.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Mao ended the Cultural Revolution, which claimed an estimated 1 million casualties, in 1969, but officially it is not considered to have ended until his death.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

However, the Cultural Revolution propped up Mao's power and he became a great idol of Chinese youth.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

As he grew older, depending on various sources, he contracted either ALS or Parkinson's disease, and a power struggle ensued over the position of his successor.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

The left wing, led by the Four Kopla, demanded continued mobilization of the masses and began to smear Mao's reputation.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Aided by Zhou Enlai, Mao appointed Hua Guofeng as his successor, who gradually made way for the economic reforms pushed by Deng Xiaoping.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

On 9 September 1976 [13], Mao Zedong passed away from a seizure of illness at the age of 82 in Beijing.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

His body was embalmed and taken to a mausoleum in Beijing, which today serves as a popular tourist destination.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Mao's Personal Cult Mao's Personal Cult began to be built after his rise to power in 1949.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

The cult of persons became a formidable tool, which Mao also used to beat his enemies and prop up his own power.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Mao began appearing increasingly on propaganda posters of the Communist Party of China from the early Fifties onward.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

As the Great Leap Forward led in part to Mao's ouster, the power of the cult of personnel also diminished.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

However, it re-elevated to grandiosity during the Cultural Revolution, when Mao's collection of citations The Little Red Book quickly became the most common book in the world after the Bible.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

The Red Book was reported to “... provide the breath of life in the Tibetan Highlands to the gasping soldiers, had enthusiastic labourers lift the sinking city of Shanghai two inches, made inaccurate meteorologists predict the weather correctly and surgeons to stitch back on dislodged fingers in place.” [14] With the help of Lin Biao, the Chinese People's Army was also made a tool for the propagation of the cult of personnel, similarly, the Red Guards assembled from Chinese youth spread the cult of personnel.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

After the Cultural Revolution, more religious features of the Mao cult began to be weeded out.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

At the latest, with the extinction that began after Deng Xiaoping came to power, the cult of persons was dismantled once and for all, although Deng made sure that Mao was not publicly criticized as his own reign.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Private Life Family Mao had several wives: Luó Yīxiù (, 1889-1910), Shaoshanite, married 1908-1910 Yáng Kāihuì, (, 1901-1930) Changshan, in marriage 1921-1927 to Hè Zŭzhēn, () Jiangxian, in marriage 1928-1939 Jiāng Qāng, 1914-1991), in marriage from 1939 until Mao's death His parents were: Mother Wen Qimei, (, 1867-1919) Father Mao Yichang (, 1870-1920), the name is also sometimes spelled Mao Shunsheng () or Mao Jen-sheng Grandfather Mao Enpu () Mao's siblings who lived until adulthood: Mao Zemin, Mao Zehong, younger brother of Mao Zeta (, 1905-1935), a younger brother of Mao Zehong, (murdered by Guomindang in 1930), Mao's parents had a total of six sons and two daughters.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Two brothers and a sister died as children, the surviving sister at a fairly young age.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Mao's brothers Zemin and Zetan were communists whom Mao used as his assistant.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Both brothers died during the Chinese Civil War, as did Mao's second wife Yang Kaihui.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

The same ze () appears in all of Mao's sibling names as in Mao's Zedong name.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

This is a typical Chinese naming custom.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

The name Zedong means illuminator of the east (ze, enlighten; dong, east).


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

The brothers' names were Zemin and Zetan, where Zemin meant the illuminator of the people and the illuminator of Zeta “tan” (where tan possibly means Xiangtan Province).


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

The surname Mao () signifies hair.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Mao had at least four children: Mao Anying (), Yang Kaihui's son, married Liu Siqi ().


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

They had a son Liu Songlin ().


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Mao Anying died in the Korean War.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Mao Anqing (1923—2007), son of Yang Kaihui, married Shao Huaa ().


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

They had a son Mao Xinyu () and granddaughter Mao Dongdong who is the last surviving man of Mao's family.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Li Min (), daughter of He Zizhen.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Married Kong Linghua ().


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

They had a son Kong Ji'ning () and a daughter Kong Dongmei ().


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Li Ne (), the daughter of Jiang Ching () (), was married to Wang Jingqing ().


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

They had a son Wang Xiaozhi ().


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Many sources report that Mao also had several other children who, during the revolution and the long march, had to be left to various local families in care.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

[15] Neither these children nor their descendants are known for certain.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Private life Mao was a gourmet who was really specific when it came to rice.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

[16] Mao's tea was the best tea variety in China, Dragon's Well.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

There may have been five women in Mao's bed at once.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Mao justified his gendered behavior with the lineage that the first emperor to rule China was immortal after having sexual intercourse with 1,000 young virgins.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

[17] Doctors Mao disliked because of these pessimistic.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Mao also didn't wash up for days.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Also, the regular daytime rhythm was an abomination for Mao.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Li Zihui, the doctor who treated Mao, told me Mao combed things getting stuck in place and, according to Zihui, Mao loved upheavals.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

In pursuit of his goal, Mao ignored the number of people dying.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

[18] According to Li, Mao's emotional abilities were really lacking.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Mao felt neither love nor warmth.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

[19] Mao was, according to Li Zhisui, a callous, paranoid narcissist suffering from a personality disorder: Mao was really sensitive to criticism, accusing his fellow party members of conspiracies and making servants taste their dishes for fear of being poisoned.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

[20] See also History of the People's Republic of China Mao swimming in the Yangtze Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Chang, Jung & Halliday, Jon| title = Mao| location = Helsing| publisher = Otava| year = 2006| version = (Mao: The unknown story, 2005.)


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Translated by Jaana Iso-Markku| id = ISBN 951-1-13168-0}} Data giant — Gummerus one-volume encyclopedia, ISBN 951-20-2429-2 Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Solution moments: 100 events that changed our world| location = Helsinki| publisher = Selected palaces| year = 1995| version = Based on the English book When, where, why and how it happened.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Original title editor-in-chief: Asa Briggs| id = ISBN 951-584-073-2}} References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Mao Tse-tung| title = Poems | location = Helsinki| publisher = Tambi| year = 1973| version = Translated by Pertti Nieminen| id = ISBN 951-2681 -7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Pantsov, Alexander V.| title = Mao: The Real Story| location = New York| publisher = Simon & Schuster| year = 2012| version= Translated from Russian by Steven I. Levine| isbn = 978-1-4516-5447-9}} On topic elsewhere.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Dictator Exchange. Murros.net. Socialism.net. CNN.com.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

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Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead. The Encyclopedia of Marxism.


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong


Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

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Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

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Question: How long did the Liu family rule China?

Mao Zedong

. (in French) Category:Atheist thinkers and activists Category:Dictators Class:Leaders of the People's Republic of China Class:Chinese Communists Class:Maoists Class:War theorists Class:Born in 1893 Class:Those who died in 1976 Class:Screening key articles


Question: When did Genghis Khan rise to power?

Genghis Khan

Genghis Khan (, original name Temüžin (Тэмжин), 1155/1162/1167 — 18 August 1227) was a prominent medieval military leader and lawmaker who conquered much of Asia and even part of Europe.


Question: When did Genghis Khan rise to power?

Genghis Khan

He was the first Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, and is considered the father of the Mongolian state.


Question: When did Genghis Khan rise to power?

Genghis Khan

As a result of tribal wars, Temüdzin, experienced tough youth, was united by the fragmented Mongol tribes and was proclaimed Genghis Khan in 1206.


Question: When did Genghis Khan rise to power?

Genghis Khan

He embarked on extensive war expeditions by which he gained control of large parts of Eurasia.


Question: When did Genghis Khan rise to power?

Genghis Khan

These included invasions of the Karakitai Empire, the Caucasus, the Khwarezmian lands, the Tangut Empire, and the invasion of the Jin dynasty.


Question: When did Genghis Khan rise to power?

Genghis Khan

Genghis Khan started the jasa law collection, which replaced the old clan customs based on kinship relations with a hierarchical system where status was determined no longer so much by kinship relations as by abilities and accomplishments.


Question: When did Genghis Khan rise to power?

Genghis Khan

Jasa also dealt with various honor codes, and punishments were severe.


Question: When did Genghis Khan rise to power?

Genghis Khan

Before his death, he named Ögedei as his successor and chopped his conquests into khanates for his sons and grandchildren.


Question: When did Genghis Khan rise to power?

Genghis Khan

There is no definite information on the cause of Genghis Khan's death.


Question: When did Genghis Khan rise to power?

Genghis Khan

One of the most common theories is that he was killed after falling off a horse in the middle of a battle in 1227.


Question: When did Genghis Khan rise to power?

Genghis Khan

[1] Early Stages Birth Due to lack of contemporaneous sources there is very little factual information about Temüdzin's early years.


Question: When did Genghis Khan rise to power?

Genghis Khan

A few sources that deal with this period are often contradictory.


Question: When did Genghis Khan rise to power?

Genghis Khan

Temüdzin was born in 1155, 1162 or 1167 in Delüün Boldog near Mount Burhan Haldun.


Question: When did Genghis Khan rise to power?

Genghis Khan

The secret history of the Mongols states that a child was born with a blood clot in his hand, as a traditional predictor that a child would become a great leader.


Question: When did Genghis Khan rise to power?

Genghis Khan

He was the third son to his father Jesügs, Khan of the Khamag Mongols and ally of the Togrul Khan of the Kereites, and the eldest son to his mother Höelun.


Question: When did Genghis Khan rise to power?

Genghis Khan

According to the same source, Temüdzin was named after a Tatar captured by Jesügei.


Question: When did Genghis Khan rise to power?

Genghis Khan

The name might also indicate that he would have a family history of blacksmithing.


Question: When did Genghis Khan rise to power?

Genghis Khan

The Jesügei clan was called the Borjigins (Боржигин), while Höelun was a Olkhonuth, related to the Ogirats (Хонгирад) tribe.


Question: When did Genghis Khan rise to power?

Genghis Khan

Like other tribes, they were nomads.


Question: When did Genghis Khan rise to power?

Genghis Khan

Since Jesügei was a chief, like his predecessors, Temüdzin belonged to the upper class.


Question: When did Genghis Khan rise to power?

Genghis Khan

This was helpful in requesting assistance and later reunification of tribes.


Question: When did Genghis Khan rise to power?

Genghis Khan

Early years and family Young Temüdzin had three brothers, Hasar, Hachiun and Temüge, sister Temülen and half-brothers Behter and Belgutei.


Question: When did Genghis Khan rise to power?

Genghis Khan

Like other nomads, Temüdzin's youth was not an easy time.


Question: When did Genghis Khan rise to power?

Genghis Khan

Father Jesügei arranged a marriage for her, and at age nine he was delivered to the family of his fiancée Börte to the tribe of the Ongirats.


Question: When did Genghis Khan rise to power?

Genghis Khan

Temüdzin had to live under the rule of the new head of the family, Dei Sechen, until reaching the age of marrying at the age of twelve.


Question: When did Genghis Khan rise to power?

Genghis Khan

Returning home, Jesügei met Tatars, longtime enemies, and later died of the poison they offered him.


Question: When did Genghis Khan rise to power?

Genghis Khan

Upon hearing this Temüdzin returned to take his father's place.


Question: When did Genghis Khan rise to power?

Genghis Khan

However, the Borjigins did not want such a young son as their leader, but abandoned Höelun and his children, leaving these unprotected.


Question: When did Genghis Khan rise to power?

Genghis Khan

In the years that followed, Höelun and his children lived in poverty, surviving mostly on wild plants, ox carriages and small game, such as groundhogs, which the boys hunted.


Question: When did Genghis Khan rise to power?

Genghis Khan

On some hunting expedition, ten-year-old Temüdzin killed his half-brother Behter; the dispute apparently arose over waste of prey.


Question: When did Genghis Khan rise to power?

Genghis Khan

This made him a criminal.


Question: When did Genghis Khan rise to power?

Genghis Khan

On another occasion in 1182, he was seized and imprisoned by his father's former allies, the Tayichiuds.


Question: When did Genghis Khan rise to power?

Genghis Khan

He became a slave, but with the help of a friendly guard, he managed to escape at night and hide in a river crack.


Question: When did Genghis Khan rise to power?

Genghis Khan

Around this time he was joined by two future generals of Genghis Khan, Dželme and Bo'orcu.


Question: When did Genghis Khan rise to power?

Genghis Khan

Temüdzin also gained some notoriety as a result of his escape.


Question: When did Genghis Khan rise to power?

Genghis Khan

As Temüdz's father had agreed in time, Temüdz married at around the age of sixteen from the tribe of the Ongirats of Börte.


Question: When did Genghis Khan rise to power?

Genghis Khan

The intention was to establish an ally relationship.


Question: When did Genghis Khan rise to power?

Genghis Khan

Börte bore four sons, Joch (1185—1226), Chagatai (1187—1241), Ögedein (1189—1241), and Toluin (1190—1232).


Question: When did Genghis Khan rise to power?

Genghis Khan

Shortly after getting married, Börte was kidnapped by the Merkites.


Question: When did Genghis Khan rise to power?

Genghis Khan

Temüdzin regained him aided by his friend (and future opponent) Jamuha and his patron, Togrul Khan of the Kereites tribe.


Question: When did Genghis Khan rise to power?

Genghis Khan

After Börte gave birth to Jochi months later, this was brought on by paternity doubts that Temüdzin himself did not diminish.


Question: When did Genghis Khan rise to power?

Genghis Khan

Despite this, Börte remained the most important wife and mother of heiresses, although Genghis Khan had other wives and children.


Question: When did Genghis Khan rise to power?

Genghis Khan

Sons are documented, daughters are not.


Question: When did Genghis Khan rise to power?

Genghis Khan

The religion of Genghis Khan has been speculated to have believed in Shamanistic tengrism, which was typical among the Mongolic and Turkic peoples of central Asia.


Question: When did Genghis Khan rise to power?

Genghis Khan

However, he was quite tolerant in matters of faith, and interested in the philosophical and moral teachings of other religions.