Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

As you go towards the periphery of the city, construction becomes shallower and village-like, but it is still dense, so that the border between settlement and rural areas is steep.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The look of the periphery is dominated by small houses, especially urban villas (Stadtvilla, usually about 2—3 storey houses comprising one or more apartments on their own plot).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Many of these areas are quite expensive, for example, Zehlendorf or Dahlem.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In places on the periphery, higher apartment blocks are also located.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[95] These were built especially during the GDR period in East Berlin (for example, Marzahn, Hellersdorf, Hohenschönhausen), but a few similar areas can also be found in the west, such as Märkisches Viertel.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Famous monuments Due to its history, Berlin is very fragmented and varied in its cityscape.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Much of the old building stock was destroyed in World War II but also in peacetime renewal projects.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The architectural ideals of many different epochs and social systems appear side by side in the city.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Berlin is not in the reputation of a particularly beautiful city, but many specifically appreciate its versatility and colorfulness.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[97] Individual medieval and Renaissance monuments from the most ancient Berlin have not survived much.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The city's medieval core, the Nikolaiviertel (Nikolaikorteli), was almost completely destroyed to the ground in World War II.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

This area, which remained on the East Berlin side, was not rebuilt until the 1980s.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The streets still follow the medieval station plan, and the buildings were made to resemble medieval houses, but many of them are assembled in accordance with the GDR style from precast concrete blocks and so provide only an indicative illusion of the original style.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The centre of the area is the Nikolaikirche (Nikolaikirche), built around 1230, of which only the outer walls survived in the war and is now restored to its pre-destruction neo-Gothic habitation.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[98] Other medieval monuments include, for example, St. Marienkirche, which also dates to the 13th century.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In the Middle Ages, in the 15th century, the first version of the town castle was also built.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Admittedly, the castle experienced many thorough deformations before it was razed in 1950.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The oldest surviving castle in Berlin is the Jagdschloss Grunewald (1542—1543), an early Renaissance hunting castle in the Grunewald Forest.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The oldest surviving residential building in Berlin is known as the Ribbeckhaus and dates to 1624.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[99] Also, many of the boroughs outside the centre, which were once independent cities, have histories stretching back to the Middle Ages.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Spandau, for example, has its own old town, which, like the rest of Berlin, suffered terrible devastation in the Second World War.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

However, along with the medieval town plan, what remains are the Nikolaikirche (13th—15th century), [100] the so-called Gothic house (Gotisches Haus, 15th century), [101] parts of the city wall (14th century), and above all the Spandau fort (Spandauer Zitadelle), which dates mainly to the 16th century.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The fort is considered a marking work of Renaissance-era military architecture.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Its oldest surviving parts date from the 13th century.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[102] The Baroque and Neoclassical capital of kings and emperors, the present centre of Berlin is most strongly characterised by the architecture of the 18th and 19th centuries, which represented at first Baroque and later Neoclassicism as well as other forms of historicism.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In keeping with these styles, the kings of Prussia and German emperors built Berlin their stately capital, which was to embody their pomp.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[103] Among the notable buildings representing the Baroque, one can mention, for example, Charlottenburg Castle in western Berlin, the construction of which was begun in 1695.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

However, the actual centre was formed around the parade street Unter den Linden, along which many of Berlin's well-known attractions lie.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The street begins in the west at Pariser Platz Square and the Brandenburg Gate (1788—1791), a symbol of the city.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Next to the gate is the Reichstag House (1894).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Further east along the street are the main building of the State Library (1914), the equestrian statue of Fredrik the Great, and the Bebelplatz Square, surrounded by, among others, the main building of Humboldt University (1748—1766) and the Royal Opera (1742).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

On the east side of the square are other notable buildings, such as the Neue Wache (1818), originally built to guard soldiers, and the oldest surviving building along the street, the Zeughaus (1695—1730), where today the German Historical Museum is located.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

To the east of this is the Museum Island (Museuminsel), which takes its name from the huge museum complex there (1830—1930) and on which the Berlin Cathedral (1895—1905) also rises.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

A little to the east of it lies, among others, the Red Town Hall (1869).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

South of Unter den Linden, on the other hand, is the Gendarmenmarkt, considered the most beautiful square in the city, with its twin churches (17th and 18th century switchboard).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[104] The city centre is also associated with the Tiergarten Park on its west side, which houses the Siegessäule, a victory column built to commemorate the German Unification Wars of 1861—1871, and Bellevue Castle (1786).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The area west of the Tiergarten, which forms the centre of present-day West Berlin, had long been peripheral, but its development began in the Imperial period.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Among other things, KaDeWe, which remains the largest department store in continental Europe, was built there between 1906 and 1907.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[105] Much of Berlin's neighbourhoods took their present form during the 19th-century building boom (“Gründerzeit”) and the turn of the century, when the main architectural stylistic directions were historicism and Art Nouveau.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Good examples are the boroughs of Prenzlauer Berg, Kreuzberg and Schöneberg.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Social housing in the Weimar Republic during the Weimar Republic was invested in improving the housing conditions of the poor people.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Among other things, the architecture school Bauhaus was strongly influenced by ideas.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Six Berlin neighbourhoods built during that period were added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2008 as examples of the new type of architecture that gave direction internationally, as well as urban and garden design.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[106] Among the landmarks built during the Weimar Republic can also be mentioned, for example, the Berlin Radio Tower (Funkturm).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

During Nazi Germany, unprecedented major construction projects were undertaken in Berlin, although only a small part could be implemented.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Adolf Hitler and Albert Speer planned to rebuild Berlin into a new “world capital”, Welthauptstadt Germania.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

During World War II there was already time to demolish and clear the surroundings of the Reichstag House, where the immense Große Halle (or Halle des Volkes) was to be built.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The German defeat in 1945 nipped these plans in the bud, and of the few completed buildings, many — such as the Reich Chancellery — were razed after the war.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

What remains are the Detlev-Rohwedder-Haus, which was occupied by the German Ministry of Finance, which housed the administration of the Air Force of Nazi Germany, in addition to the Olympic Stadium built for the Berlin Olympics in 1936 and the terminal at Tempelhof Airport, which was, when completed, the European the longest building.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Also worth mentioning is the Schwerbelastungskörper still near Tempelhof Airport, a huge cylinder cast from concrete that was meant to measure whether the city's soil could withstand the weight of massive buildings designed by Hitler and Speer.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Berlin was largely destroyed, first in the final battles of World War II and later in the division of Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The old centre was left bisected by a wall and, for example, Potsdamer Platz, the business centre of the 1920s—1930s, was completely destroyed to make way for the wall.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Major new construction began in both halves of the city.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In the 1950s—1960s, a new centre was built for East Berlin around the destroyed Alexanderplatz.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The former Frankfurter Allee was shaped into a wide parade street by Stalin-Allee (now Karl-Marx-Allee) and flanked with buildings built in the Soviet style.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

On this street, East Germany held its flamboyant victory parades, and the residences along it were intended for party officials as well as distinguished citizens.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[107] A 365 metre high television tower, Fernsehturm, became a landmark in the Alexanderplatz area and all of Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The historic centre, which remained on the East Berlin side, was also being rebuilt: the Royal Palace of Hohenzollerns, which had been badly damaged in bombings, was blown up in the 1950s as a symbol of “Prussian militarism,” and the German Democratic Republic was built on the site Parliament House Palace of the Republic (Palast der Republik) in front of which was a double statue of Marx and Engels.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The palace housed the Volkskammer, the parliament of the German Democratic Republic.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In 2003, the German Bundestag decided that the building be razed because of asbestos and a new cultural centre, the Humboldt-Forum, will be built in its place, with modern interiors but whose facade will become an exact replica of the Royal Palace.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Demolition work was completed in December 2008.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Modernist West Berlin The centre of West Berlin was formed around the trading street Kurfürstendamm.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Its landmark is the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church (Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gedächtniskirche), destroyed in war, whose ruins have been left standing to remind the absurdity of war next to a modernist new church building.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[108] A tower house Europa-Center was also built nearby, which is also one of West Berlin's landmarks.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Milestones of West Berlin architecture during the division include, for example, the Hansaviertel residential area (whose design included Alvar Aalto), the Kulturforum ensemble with the Berlin Philharmonia and many other cultural buildings, such as the New National Gallery (1960 chapter), as well as the Berlin Congress Hall.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

These are all located in the loins of the Tiergarten.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Further west in Charlottenburg lies another convention centre, the ICC, which is among the largest in the world and is also regarded as one of the major works of post-war West German architecture.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Postmodern united Berlin United Berlin has been the subject of lively new construction since the demolition of the wall.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The loss of the wall meant the appearance of a huge unbuilt zone in the middle of the city of a million.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The construction of the new Berlin has been a spectacular economic and symbolic project to build a capital city for a united Germany in line with its European superpower.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[109] Most of the administration of the Federal Republic of Germany has moved from Bonn to Berlin, and a new administrative district has sprung up in the surroundings of the restored Reichstag House, most prominently the new Chancellery Office (2001).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

For example, the joint building of Nordic embassies (1999) south of the Tiergarten has also become famous because of its architecture.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

There are elevated skyscrapers to Potsdamer Platz and a spectacular Sony Center completed in 2000.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

A new Berlin Central Railway Station, the largest junction station in Europe, was completed north of the Tiergarten in 2006.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Attractions in United Berlin also include the new building of the Jewish Museum (1999) and the Holocaust Memorial (2005) unveiled next to the Brandenburg Gate in the former Wall Zone.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Major projects in the coming years include the construction of a replica of the Royal Palace to replace the demolished Palace of the Republic.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Invited to build the united Berlin were the great masters of postmodernism James Stirling of London, Hans Hollein of Vienna, Rob Krier of Luxembourg, Arata Isozaki of Tokyo and Richard Meier of New York.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Influences from all over the world were desired in Germany and were thought to be inspired by German architects.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[110] Berlin therefore accommodates multi-era architecture, but today Germany focuses on ecological construction.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Berlin is investing in using solar energy and using materials less than nature in architecture.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[111] Urban nature and recreation areas For a million city, Berlin is exceptionally green.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The general look of the city is already affected by the fact that most of the streets are lined with timber slopes, including in downtown or suburban areas, mostly except for some parts of Mitte.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In addition, there are more than 2500 parks and other recreation areas within the built up city, covering a total of 11.5% of the area.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[112] The largest and most famous of these parks is the Tiergarten (proverbially “Zoo” or “Zoological Park”) in the heart of the city.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

It takes its name from the fact that it was founded in the 16th century originally as a hunting ground for the Electors of Brandenburg.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The pristine nature of Berlin — as in German cities in general — has been kept more strictly separate from the built city than in Finland.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Thus, residential areas and forests do not mix together in the same way as the suburbs of Finnish cities.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The matter of missing “nearby forests” is driven by built parks.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

However, keeping the community structure tight has allowed extensive unitary forest areas to be left entirely recreational in the periphery of the city.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

These forests cover 18% of the area of the city.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[112] The most famous of them is the Grunewald on the western edge of the city, where one of Berlin's largest lakes, the Wannsee, is also located.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Wannsee, just under 1.3 kilometres long, is said to be Europe's largest inland beach.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[113] A special position among the parks is the Botanical Garden in southwest Berlin, which, with its size of 43 hectares and some 22000 species of plants, is among the largest in the world.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[114] There are two zoos in Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Opened in 1844, just off the centre of West Berlin, the Zoologischer Garten is the world's most species-rich zoo (around 1400 species and 14000 animals).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[115] During the division of the city, the Tierpark, established in East Berlin, has fewer animals, but it was designed to function as a park at the same time.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

It is the most extensive landscape zoo in Europe (160ha) by area.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[116] Culture Theatre, Music and Cinema Theatres in Berlin are counted at 52 with a total of 9729 performances in 2005.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[5] Large, well-known theatres include the Berliner Ensemble, Volksbühne, Deutsches Theater Berlin, Friedrichstadt-Palast and Theater des Westens.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The new musical theatre recently opened on Potsdamer Platz has also received a lot of attention for its part.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

There are three opera houses in Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The oldest of them, the former Royal Court Opera and the current State Opera (Staatsoper Unter den Linden), was founded in 1742.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Due to repair work on the State Opera building, opera performances will be held between October 2010 and 2013 at the Schiller Theater in the Charlottenburg borough.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Alongside the State Opera came the Deutsche Oper Berlin in 1912, as well as in 1947 a further Komische Oper Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In 2004, in order to improve the money distribution between operas, they were incorporated together with the State Ballet (Staatsballett Berlin) into the Berlin Opera Foundation (Stiftung Oper in Berlin).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Three more independent opera societies operate outside the foundation.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[117] Orchestras and choirs in Berlin are also abundant: seven symphony orchestras, about 15 chamber orchestras and choirs around 850.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[117] The best known orchestras include the Berlin Philharmonic, the Staatskapelle Berlin and the Konzerthausorchester Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In particular, the Berlin Concert Hall and the Berlin Philharmonia serve as venues.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

There are around 250 clubs and other venues specialising in performing live music.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[118] From events in the music industry, for example, the world famous electronic music festival Love Parade has attracted 1.5 million participants at best.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[119] Several hundred film and television production companies operate in Berlin, producing more than 300 films each year.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[120] Important filming locations include Filmstudio Babelsberg in Potsdam, founded in 1911.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The Berlin Film Festival, held since 1951, is the most internationally famous part of the Berlin Festival (Berliner Festspiele) and one of the most important film festivals in the world.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[121] Fine Arts Although Berlin has not served as the actual birthplace of German-oriented stylistic directions such as expressionism or neofaciality, the city has been traditionally vibrant and prominent in the field of visual arts.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[122] In addition to large art museums, Berlin has several small galleries and museums, such as the Käthe-Kollwitz-Museum Berlin, which contains the works of prominent female artist Käthe Kollwitz.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

There are plenty of public sculptures on the streets and parks; one of the most famous is the equestrian statue of Alter Fritz, or Fredrik the Great, on Unter den Linden.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[123] The art of painting in art museums since the 13th century is exhibited by the Gemäldegalerie near Potsdamer Platz, among others.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The Alte Nationalgalerie and Galerie der Romantik give a good insight into German 18th—19th century art.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[124] The Neue Nationalgalerie contains a cross-section of the art of Germans and also foreign modernists.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Contemporary art is provided by the Deutsche Guggenheim Art Museum, which holds four major exhibitions a year.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Berlin has served as a traditional and vibrant centre of German Underground art since the 1920s.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The city has numerous performances and happenings organised by local and artists from elsewhere over the year.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[125] Museums Berlin houses several museums of international importance.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Especially famous is the Museum Island (Museumsinsel) in the center of the city, which since 1999 has been included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The oldest museum on the island is the Old Museum (Altes Museum), founded in 1830.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

It was followed in 1859 by the New Museum (Neues Museum), in 1876 by the Old National Gallery (Alte Nationalgalerie), in 1904 by the Bode Museum (Bode-Museum), and in 1930 by the Pergamon Museum (Pergamon-Museum).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

With the exception of the Old National Gallery, which specialises in 19th-century painting and sculpture art, these museums display mainly archaeological collections, including artifacts from ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, Rome and Byzantium, among others.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Most visitors are drawn to the Pergamon Museum, whose well-known attraction nails include the monumental altar found in Pergamon, the Miletos Gate and the Ištar Gate, which was part of Babylon's city wall.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[126] The shelters of the Altes Museum include e.g.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

a bust of Queen Nefertiti.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

There are also numerous notable museums in other parts of Berlin, such as the Gemäldegalerie and the Neue Nationalgalerie exhibiting the art of painting.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The German Historical Museum (Deutsches Historisches Museum) on Unter den Linden presents the history of the country over a period of more than 2000 years.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

More recent history focuses, for example, on the Wall Museum next to Checkpoint Charlie (Mauermuseum — Haus am Checkpoint Charlie).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The Berlin Jewish Museum (Jüdisches Museum Berlin), opened in 1999, which tells the fate of Jews in Germany, has also attracted attention because of its architecture.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

A major museum concentration is located in the Dahlem district, including a museum of Indian art, East Asian art and ethnological, among others.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The Deutsches Technikmuseum Berlin is one of the largest museums of engineering in the world.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Many castles, such as Charlottenburg Castle, and other historical buildings also serve as museums.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In total, the city has more than 170 different museums and about 300 art galleries.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[127] In 1997, the first “Night of Museums” event (Lange Nacht der Museen) took place in Berlin, which has subsequently been modelled around the world.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[128] Food culture Traditional Berlin cuisine includes some of its own specialities, although overall it is part of northern German cuisine.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

You could characterize it as unpretentious and thoughtful.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The main part is meat, especially pork and beef, but because the Berlin region has an abundance of water bodies, plenty of fish have also been eaten there, for example carp, walleye and eel.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Among the traditional vegetables, cabbages, pea crops, as well as various root vegetables can be mentioned.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Typical Berlin dishes include Eisbein (pork pot served with sauerkraut and pea puree), Kasseler (smoked pork), and Bockwurst (a type of sausage containing mainly pork).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

However, traditional foods do not have a very strong position in practice; eating habits are quite international in Berlin, which is already influenced by the size of the city's immigrant population.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The range of ethnic restaurants is considerable, and there are many of them because eating out is common in Berlin on more than holidays.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[129] There are a dense number of shops and stalls offering fast food in Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The local speciality Currywurst (sausage pieces served with tomato-based curry sauce) emerged as the most popular fast food in the late 1940s.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In recent decades, at least as great popularity has been achieved by the kebab, or Döner in German terms, the local variant of which is usually sold for inclusion inside Turkish bread (not pita bread).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The Berlin-based Döner has become widely known, and today local kebab skewers are even exported to Turkey.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[130] The most famous of the Berlin pastries is the Berlin monk, who, although in the city itself, is not called by this name but by the name Pfannkuchen.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Berlin-based beverages are best known outside the city for its beers, particularly the Berliner Weiße type wheat beer, with which it is customary to mix either raspberry or marath syrup, which dyes the beer red or green.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Sports Berlin was the host city of the 1936 Summer Olympics.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

It then went offside for political reasons.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

During the Cold War, awarding the Games of Values to West Berlin would likely have led to a boycott of the Soviet-led Eastern Bloc.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[131] In the spirit of slimming in the 1970s, the city was allowed to host a few initial group matches of the 1974 Football World Cup, as well as the World Swimming Cup in 1978.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Thereafter, the big political frost began to tighten again, and the Grand Games were allowed to wait for the Berlin Wall to fall.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[131] Berlin was one of the host cities of the 2006 Football World Cup.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Berlin qualified to hold the World Championships in Athletics in 2009.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The EuroLeague final four was held at the O2 World in the city during the 2008—09 season.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Among sports clubs Berlin by far the most popular sport is football typically for a German city, where the city has a team in the Bundesliga, Hertha BSC.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In Germany, handball is also typically seen next most in the street image.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

City team Füchse Berlin took their first major win in spring 2014 by winning the DHB-Pokal of the German Cup.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In the modern period, the first official handball match was played in Germany specifically in Berlin in 1917.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Football: Hertha BSC Berlin, 1.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

FC Union Berlin Basketball: ALBA Berlin (Basketball-Bundesliga) Handball: Füchse Berlin (Handball-Bundesliga) Ice Hockey: Eisbären Berlin (DEL) Volleyball: SCC (Bundesliga) Water Polo: Wasserfreunde Spandau 04 (Bundesliga) Berlin Friendlies Berlin First twinning was established between West Berlin and Los Angeles in 1967, and the city today has 17 official twinning cities.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[132] East Berlin also established twinned relations, but these were terminated when Berlin reunified.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In addition to twinning cities, Berlin has cooperation activities with at least Copenhagen, Helsinki, Johannesburg, Shanghai, Seoul, Sofia, Sydney and Vienna.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

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Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

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Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Berlin in fiction Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Döblin, Alfred| title = Berlin Alexanderplatz| publisher = WSOY| year = 1994| version=Finland. Aarno Peromies}} Nonfiction Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Abenstein, Edelgard & Fiedler, Jeannine| title = Berlin: art and architecture| publisher = Ullmann| year = 2009| version = Translated by Pirkko Roinila and Otto Lappalainen| id = ISBN 978-3-8331-8331-8331-71-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Donner, Jörn| title = Berlin — everyday life and threat| publisher = WSOY| year = 1958| version = Finland. Toivo J. Kivilahti}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hapuli, Ritva (ed.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

) | title = Berlin: Author's City| publisher = Society of Finnish Literary Literary | year = 2004}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hentilä, Marjaliisa & Hentilä, Seppo| title = Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Tours in recent history| location = Helsinki| publisher = Bookworks| year = 2008| id = ISBN 978-951-607-693-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Möttölä, Matias| title = Berlin| publisher = Image| year = 2006}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Saarinen, Hannes | title = Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Culture and History| publisher = Otava| year = 1999}} * Category:Key articles of screening Category:41.3 Central Europe


Question: What are keratins?

Keratin

Keratins, or hornets [1] [2], are a group of fibrous, stranded and water-insoluble proteins.


Question: What are keratins?

Keratin

In humans, keratin is especially present in hair and nails.


Question: What are keratins?

Keratin

The structure of keratins is characterized by sulfurous cysteine amino acids.


Question: What are keratins?

Keratin

α-keratins are found in animal and human hair, claws, horns, hooves, and hooves, for example.


Question: What are keratins?

Keratin

Harder β-keratins exist in the scales, claws and shields of reptiles, and in the feathers, beaks, and claws of birds.


Question: What are keratins?

Keratin

[3] The cells of the epidermis of the skin have a keratin-containing support structure, which makes the skin waterproof and, together with collagen and elastin, gives it durability and elasticity.


Question: What are keratins?

Keratin

Sources Category:Proteins Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

Abuja is the capital of Nigeria and the sixth largest city in the country.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

In 2005, its population was estimated at 2.5 million.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

In Nigeria, it was decided in 1976 to move the capital from Lagos to Abuja in the middle of the country.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

Officially the city became the capital of the country in 1991.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

[1] Geography and climate Abuja is located in the central part of the country about 480 km northeast of Lagos.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

It was built on grassy hills called the Chukuku Hills.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

The place was chosen as the capital because of the pleasant climate and central location.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

[2] The hottest months of the year are February and March, when the average top temperature is close to 37 degrees.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

Helle relents slightly in July and August, when the average maximum temperature falls below 30 degrees.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

Medium lowest temperature varies between 15 and 25 degrees.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

Rainfall is obtained from April to October, precipitation in August and September exceeds 250 mm.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

[3] History The present region of Abuja was at one time part of the ancient Kingdom of Zazzau (Zaria) of the Hausas.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

It was inhabited for centuries by many semi-independent tribes.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

In the 19th century, when Zaria fell under Fulani control, King Makau and his brothers Abu-Ja and Kwaka fled south.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

Upon the death of his brother in 1825, Abu-Ja, or Abubakar, began to rule the Kingdom of Abuja, and defended himself successfully against the Fulani.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

Abuja developed into a major center of commerce.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

[4] In 1902, Abuja was conquered by the British.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

They reorganized the kingdoms in the region and began calling them emirates.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

Abuja was a peaceful part of Nigeria until the 1970s.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

[4] In 1975, it was decided to move the capital away from Lagos.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

Abuja was one of 33 candidates and got elected.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

[4] One of the reasons for the transfer of the capital was the uncontrolled growth of Lagos, which made residential and transport conditions in the former capital uncomfortable.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

At the same time, Brazil decided to move its capital to Brasília, with fairly similar arguments.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

Cityscape and attractions The city plan and basic structure of the new capital was designed by Japanese architect Kenzō Tange.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

[5] The shape of the city's crescent is dictated by local topography, but has advantages in terms of infrastructure.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

Muslims also see the form as religious symbolism.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

The town settles between two large rock formations.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

Their names are Aso Rock and Zuma Rock.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

Zuma is said to be located at the geographical centre of the Federal Government of Nigeria and is also referred to as the Gate of the Capital Territory.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

[1] Aso Rock is a 400-metre monolith that competes in impact with Uluru, Australia.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

The main government buildings, the Parliament House, the Supreme Court and the Presidential Palace are located in the Three Arms Zone area built at the foot of Aso Rock.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

From this administrative centre to the eastern part of the city runs a wide park street, the Abuja National Mall.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

Both are designed according to the model of Washington (DC).


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

The station plan also has influences from Tokyo.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

The military leaders who built the town interpreted Tange's plan as allowing the administrative centre to be isolated from the rest of the city, as the river coming from Aso Rock forms a natural moat that can only be crossed by one, easily sealed bridge.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

[5] There are many parks in Abuja, the largest of which is named Millennium Park.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

Ministers Hill is a lookout point in the Maitama district.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

Beyond the Keffi-Suleja highway is the Dutse Nature Reserve, where baboons live.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

[1] Abuja houses the headquarters of the West African Economic Community and the regional office of OPEC.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

[4] Most foreign countries have moved their official legation to Abuja, but retained the old embassy building in Lagos and established a consulate or commercial mission there.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

The Finnish Embassy is located in Abuja, but Lagos is home to Finpro's office and an honorary consulate.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

[6] Photo gallery Central Bank of Nigeria.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

Jab Lake.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

Abuja City Gate.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

National Church.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

The National Mosque.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

Millennium Park.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

National Stadium.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

Zuma Rock.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

Aso Rock.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

Houses of Parliament.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

Abuja Airport.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

NCC headquarters.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

Population At the 2006 census, the population of Abuja was given as 776298, and the population of the entire Capital Territory was 1.4 million.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

[7] Doubt has been cast on the accuracy of all censuses during Nigeria's independence.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

[8] The population of the Capital Territory has been estimated at 3.3 million in 2015 by UNFPA.


Question: What is the population of Madagascar to a million accuracy in 2017?

Abuja

[9] Sources * Category:Key articles on screening


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

A travel agency is a business company that sells products and services related to travel and travel.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

In Finland, travel agents became a licensed business in 1968, travel agents were required to register and provide a bank guarantee. [1].


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

The Consumer Protection Act was enacted for the sector in 1978.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

The Competition and Consumer Agency maintains a register of travel agents [2].


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

Main Types of Travel Agencies Business and general travel agencies Travel agents are agencies whose turnover mainly consists of brokerage fees and service fees.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

Travel agents may specialise in business or special travel.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

Bigger business travel agencies also have their own group and specialty travel divisions and serve their customers nationwide from service centers.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

Finland's largest business travel agencies 2017 are owned by international travel agency chains.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

General travel agencies are smaller and serve locally.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

They convey tickets, club and group trips and other travel services to consumers or a business customer in their own locality.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

Tour operators and group travel agents Club or group trips are packaged by tour operators.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

They sell the travel packages they produce to customers, customer groups or travel agents who have contracted sales.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

The tour operator producing club or group trips purchases transport from the transport service company [3] as a serial or individual group service and reserves hotels and other journey-related services at capacity.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

The tour operator makes voyage/trips a brochure and markets the trips publicly, complying with the “General Terms of Travel and Marketing Guidelines for Club Trips [4] agreed in 1983 and the Package Travel Act [5], which came into force in 1995.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

Incoming Offices Incomig offices specialized in domestic tourism.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

Marketing took place to foreign tour operators, travel agents or individuals.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

The larger incoming-agencies had a private, group and congress branch and were usually members of international incoming travel agency federations and associations.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

Incoming offices worked closely with the Tourism Promotion Centre abroad and in Finland.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

In the 1980s, with the increase in purchases of direct travel services by foreign companies in Finland, the actual incoming-related activity began to decline and has since been transformed into a small area of specialized expertise.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

Online travel agencies Online booking opportunities through self-booking portals were already offered to their customers in the early years of the 2000's.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

At the same time, they also developed online booking tools for leisure travelers.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

In 2007 Kaleva Travel was the largest online seller of travel services in Finland, with annual sales amounting to EUR 100 million [6].


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

Small and specialized online travel agencies have entered the market.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

They sell their own production or broker flights, hotels and car rentals to consumers.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

The first travel agents in Finland issued by the Ministry of Trade and Industry on 13 March 1969 [9] After the entry into force of the Travel Agencies Regulation 442/1968, 65 licences were issued: Ageba, AK Matkatoimisto Oy, Matkatoimisto Oy Area, Oy Aurinmatkat, Oy Matkatoimisto Canarias, Etelä-Suomen Matkatoimisto Oy, Oy Fenal Touring Ltd, Finntourist Oy, Hyvinkää Matkatoimisto Oy, Ideal tours, Imatran Matkatoimisto Oy, Jorma Kaakkolahti, Matkatoimisto Kaleva Oy, Kansan Matkatoimisto Oy, Kar-Air Oy, Keihästours, Keskitöölön Matkatoimisto Oy, Kielipalvelu ARB Oy, School Tourism Office Oy, Kuopion Matkatoimisto Oy, Lahti Matkakeskus, Lahti Matkapalvelu T Hoikkanen Limited Partnership, Lahtitours Oy, Air Matkat Oy, Ltd Air Travel Agency Olympia, Transport Advisor Onni Vilkas Matkapalvelu, LL Touristservice, Loimamaa Travel Agency, Matkatoimisto Oy Lomamatka, Southwest Hämeen Matkat Oy, Länkiskat Ketonen & Ketonen, Matka-Rasila Oy, Travel agency Matka-Sampo Oy, Travel agency Matkayhmä Oy, Mikkelin Travel Agency, Närpes Resetjänst, Pieksämäen Matkatoimisto Oy, Ostrobothnia Matkatoimisto Oy, Oy Travel Agent Polaris Resebyrå Ab, Porin Matkatoimisto Ltd. Saimaa Tourist Association (Lappeenranta Travel Agency), Savonlinnan Matkatoimisto Oy, Scandinavian Express International, Scandinavian Matkapalvelu Oy, Spies-Matkat Limited Partnership, Simon Spies Oy Ab, Suomen Tourism Association, Suomen Matkatoimisto Oy, Oy Suomi-Finland International Summer Schools Ab, O. Swanljung Oy, Sveres Resebureau Ab, Tammer-Matkat Oy, Teljan Matkatoimisto Oy, Oy Travel agency Travek, Oy Tr-tours - TR-Resor Ab, Tourist Service Oy, Uusimaa Seuramatkat Oy, Varkauus Matkat Oy, Ving-Matkat Oy — Vingresor Ab, Student Service — Studentservice ry, Oy Contemporary Journeys Ab, Salon Travel Agency, EK European Language School Oy, Kurirens Resebyrå kommanditbolag, Taxi Transport Oy.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

Transaction History of Business and General Travel Agencies 1909 — 1952 Travel agents primarily sold those services with which they had entered into a sales contract, obtained ticket inventory and ticket writing privileges.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

Other domestic and foreign travel services were mainly booked by letter and as an indication of the purchased travel service, the customer received a voucher.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

In addition to private travellers, travel agencies served groups of schoolchildren and travellers from abroad.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

The Olympic Games in 1952 caused a large workload for travel agents, but the result was poor.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

The Finnish Tourist Association and Finnish travel agencies together prepared 37 pieces of all-inclusive trips with a total capacity of 25,000 foreign tourists.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

However, only 937 trips were sold in total [10].


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

1952 — 1987 In the case of sales, the clerk looked at schedules from the schedule book and prices from the price book, home and foreign hotels in the hotel book and the prices for club trips in the brochure.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

Ordered seats and services were reserved by [Remote|Telex]], telephone or letter.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

The clerk himself booked and wrote the tickets, but larger travel agencies had their own separate booking centers and ticketing units for booking and ticketing functions.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

Club trips were booked by phone from the club tour operator.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

As the question of business travel grew in the 1960sthe first travel service outlets with travel agency rights on the premises of client companies were opened.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

As airline ticket sales grew more important, the booking business needed to be developed.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

Finnair developed the Finnres reservation system, which in the early 1970s began to be installed in travel agencies.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

The development of service technology continued in 1983 when Finnair ticket typewriters were obtained to Finnish travel agencies.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

Pressure for a change in air fares and rules was great.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

In the world, the discount sale of airline tickets began the so-called “bucket shop” ().


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

As a means of information flow and booking, faxes accelerated and clarified communication with customers, tour operators and service providers.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

1988 — 2017 In 1988, after Finnair joined Amadeus, a common reservation system developed by major European airlines, became the main booking systems for Finnish travel agencies.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

A couple of years later, travel agents settled the tickets sold through the Bank Settlement Plan (BSP), an electronic settlement system [11].


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

In 1994, the volume of the Finnish business travel market was around 2.5 billion mark [12] and the three largest travel agencies, with Area, Finnish Travel Agency and Matkakaleva having a common market share of 60% of the business travel volume.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

Travel agents developed a Travel management concept for customer management and acquisition [13].


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

Email in the mid-1990s revolutionized communication and already in 1995 Tardematkat brought the first self-booking system (Travelogix) to Finland.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

In the late 2000s, business travel agents trained bookers in their client companies to book their company's business trips at their own end as self-booking.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

The travel agent wrote the tickets and billed.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

With the advent of the Internet, new portals were also developed to facilitate booking activities.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

Billing and paying operations between the company and the business travel agent began to flow through the travel account.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

As a result of the development work of their international owners, large business travel agencies have been able to offer their customers the mobile booking and travel information services they have developed.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

Travel agency officer training in Finland was originally trained as travel agency officers in three educational institutions.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

1966 — 2005 Pietarsaari Tourism College, which was based at the Pietarsaari School of Commerce.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

1973 — 2000 Porvoo Tourist College.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

1985 — Tourism line and merkonomit degree from Malmi Business School, which continued in 2017 at Perho Business School.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

2018 Travel agency officer training is available in at least the following secondary institutions in addition to Perho [14]: Keuda, Omnia, Luksia, Training Centre Salpaus, Stadi Vocational College, Ekami, Lapland Vocational College, Tavastia Vocational College, Training Centre Sedu and Savo Vocational and Adult College.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

Finnish travel agency associations and associations 19xx Finnish Journeys association 1940 The Finnish Travel Agents Association (SMY) was founded by Matkavirasto Kaleva Oy, the Finnish Travel Agency and Kansan Matkavirasto Oy.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

1975 Private travel agencies established their own union: The Association of Private Travel Agents (YML) 1987 The Central Chamber of Commerce established an advisory board to oversee the interests of business travel companies.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

The Business Travel Association was established from the advisory board.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

1993 The Finnish Travel Agents Association and the Association of Private Travel Agents merge and renamed the Finnish Travel Agencies Association (SMAL).


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

1997 The Finnish Business Travel Association (Finnish Business Travel Association) is the Finnish Business Travel Association (Finnish Business Travel Association).


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

International Travel Agency Chains Global Internet Travel Operators Expedia Inc.


Question: Where was Finland's first travel agency?

Travel agency

The Priceline Group Business Travel or Travel Management company American Express Carlson Wagonlit Travel BCD Travel Hogg Robinson Group Sources *


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

The set of complex numbers is a natural extension of the real numbers.


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

The complex number z is of the form z = x + y i, {\ displaystyle z=x+yi,\,\!}


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

where x and y are real numbers and i is the imaginary unit that can be denoted as i 2 = − 1 {\ displaystyle\ scriptstyle i^ {2} =-1\,\!} .


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

[1] The number x is called the real part of a complex number (Re (z)) and the number y, respectively, as its imaginary part (Im (z)).


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

The set of real numbers is a subset of complex numbers obtained by setting the imaginary part of a complex number to zero: y = 0 {\ displaystyle\ scriptstyle y=0}.


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

If x = 0 {\ displaystyle\ scriptstyle x=0}, the complex number is called purely imaginary.


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

For each -coefficient polynomial equation, according to the basic theorem of algebra, one can find a number of complex solutions corresponding to its degree, which admittedly are not necessarily mutually different.


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

Initially, complex numbers were developed in part due to the need to make an even greater proportion of polynomial equations solvable.


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

For example, the equation x 2 + 1 = 0 {\ displaystyle\ scriptstyle x^ {2} +1=0} has no real roots, as x 2 {\ displaystyle\ scriptstyle x^ {2}} has positive for all real values of x {\ displaystyle\ scriptstyle x}.


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

Among the complex numbers for it, on the other hand, we find the solutions x = + i {\ displaystyle\ scriptstyle x=+i} and x = − i {\ displaystyle\ scriptstyle x=-i}.


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

Calculations Complex numbers can be added up, subtracted from each other or multiplied by applying the laws of connection, switching and stratification, as well as the equation i 2 = − 1 {\ displaystyle\ scriptstyle i^ {2} =-1}: (x + y i) + (x ′ + y′ i) = (x + x′) + (y + y′) i {\ displaystyle (x+yi) + (x'+y'i) = (x+x') + (y+y') i\,} [2] (x + y i) − (x ′ + y′ i) = (x − x′) + (y − y ′) i {\ displaystyle (x+yi) - (x'+y'i) = (x-x') + (y-y') i\,} [2] (x + y i) ⋅ (x′ + y′ i) = x x ′ + x y′ i + x ′ y i + y y ′ i 2 = (x x ′ − y y ′) + (x ′ y + x y′ ) i {\ displaystyle (x+yi)\ cdot (x'+y'i) =xx'+xy'i+x'yi+yy'i^ {2} = (xx'-yy') + (x'y+xy') i\,} [2] on all real numbers x, x', y, y' The division of complex numbers is calculated by means of the divisor's union number, that is, the conjugate.


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

The union number of the complex number z = x + y i {\ displaystyle\ scriptstyle z=x+yi\,} is z 小= x − y i {\ displaystyle\ scriptstyle {z} ^ {*} =x-yi\,}.


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

Defines a module of a complex number, i.e., an intrinsic value | z | = x 2 + y 2 {\ displaystyle\ scriptstyle |z|= {\ sqrt {x^ {2} +y^ {2}}}}.


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

Multiplying the complex number by its union number, we obtain the square of the intrinsic value of the number, which is the real number: z z = (x + y i) (x − y i) = x 2 − y 2 i 2 = x 2 + y 2 = x 2 + y 2 = | z | 2 {\ displaystyle z {z} ^ {*} = (x+yi) (x-yi) =x^ {2} -y^ {2} i^ {2} =x^ {2} +y^ {2} = {\ sqrt { x^ {2} +y^ {2}} ^ {2} =|z|^ {2}} [3] The division of complex numbers is tolerated by lavening the divisor with the union number to multiplication of complex numbers: z 1 z 2 = z 1 z 2 z 2 z 2 = z 1 z 2 | z 2 | 2 {\ displaystyle {z_ {1}\ over z_ {2}} = {z_ {1} {z} _ {2} ^ {*}\ over\ z_ {2} {z} _ {2} ^ {*}} = {z_ {1} {z} _ {2} ^ {*}\ over |z_ {2} |^ {2}}} [4] The union number is also denoted by z {\ displaystyle {\ bar {z}}}.


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

[5] Complex potencies and roots The potencies of complex numbers can be calculated using De Moivre's formula.


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

Then we obtain that the power of the complex number z {\ displaystyle z} n {\ displaystyle n} :s is z n = r n e i n θ = r n (cos (n θ) + i sin (n θ)) {\ displaystyle z^ {n} =r^ {n} e^ {in\ theta} =r^ {n} (\ cos (n\ theta) +i\ sin (n\ theta))}, where r {\ displaystyle r} denotes the complex number z {\\ displaystyle z} modules [6].


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

The root of the complex number z {\ displaystyle z} m {\ displaystyle m} :s is given by = z 1 m {\ displaystyle\ zeta =z^ {\ frac {1} {m}}}.


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

In this case, m = z {\ displaystyle\ zeta ^ {m} =z}.


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

In this case, the root of m {\ displaystyle m} :s is = r m e i θ/m {\ displaystyle\ zeta = {\ sqrt [{m}] {r}} e^ {i\ theta /m}}, where r {\ displaystyle r} denotes the module [6] of the complex number z {\ displaystyle z}.


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

Geometric interpretation Since the complex number is an arranged real number copper, it can be represented as a point [7] or a spatial vector [8] of a two-dimensional coordinate system.


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

The complex number x + y i {\ displaystyle\ scriptstyle x+yi} is described by the point P (x, y) {\ displaystyle\ scriptstyle P (x, y)} and the spatial vector OP. One axis of the coordinate system expresses the real component of the complex number and the other the imaginary component.


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

The summaries of complex numbers and vectors correspond to each other.


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

A plane whose points are defined to match the complex numbers is called the complex plane.


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

A complex number can be represented using the polar coordinate system as z = r (cos θ + i sin θ) {\ displaystyle\ scriptstyle z=r (\ cos\ theta +i\ sin\ theta)}, where r {\ displaystyle\\ displaystyle\ scriptstyle r} is the intrinsic value of the complex number | z | {\ displaystyle\ scriptstyle |z|}, and θ {\ displaystyle\ scriptstyle\ theta} is z {\ displaystyle\ the argument of scriptstyle z}, that is, the directed angle between the positive real axis and the vector OP.


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

[9] In polar coordinate form, the multiplication and division of complex numbers are given in the observational form: z 1 ⋅ z 2 = r 1 (cos θ 1 + i sin θ 1) ⋅ r 2 (cos θ 2 + i sin θ 2) = r 1 r 2 (cos (θ 1 + θ 2) + i sin (θ 1 + θ 2)) {\ displaystyle z_ {1}\ cdot z_ {2} =r_ {1} (\ cos\ theta _ {1} +i\ sin\ theta _ {1})\ cdot r_ {2} (\ cos\ theta _ {2} +i\ sin\ theta _ {2}) =r_ {1} r_ {2} (\ cos (\ theta _ {1} +\ theta _ {2}) +i\ sin (\ theta _ {1} +\ theta _ {2}))\,} [10] z 1 z 2 = r 1 (cos θ 1 + i sin θ 1) r 2 (cos θ 2 + i sin θ 2) = r 1 r 2 (cos (θ 1 − θ 2) + i sin (θ 1 − θ 2)) {\ displaystyle {z_ {1}\ over z_ {2}} = {r_ {1} (\ cos\ theta _ {1} +i\ sin\ theta _ {1})\ over r_ {2} (\ cos\ theta _ {2} +i\ sin\ theta _ {2})} = {r_ {1}\ r_ over {2}} (cos (\ theta _ {1} -\ theta _ {2}) +i\ sin (\ theta _ {1} -\ theta _ {2}))\,} [10] The multiplication of complex numbers can therefore be divided into two steps: for multiplying intrinsic values among themselves, that is, the change in the length of the spatial vector, and the summation of arguments, i.e. the rotation of the vector.


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

In terms of division, the difference between the multiplication of intrinsic values is equivalent to division and argument summary subtraction.


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

The multiplication of complex numbers can also be interpreted geometrically as follows: When a complex number is multiplied by a real number, the length of its spatial vector is multiplied by this real number, but its direction remains unchanged or reversed if the coefficient is negative.


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

When a complex number is multiplied by the imaginary unit i, the direction of its spatial vector is rotated 90 degrees counterclockwise, but its length remains unchanged.


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

Multiplication by the rest of the complex number can be combined from these as well as the summation of vectors.


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

Analytic functions An analytic function defined among complex numbers is studied by function theory, that is, complex analysis.


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

An extended complex plane with a single point added to the complex plane, an infinity point, is often used as a defining set of functions.


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

History The history of complex numbers begins with the invention of solution formulas for third and fourth order equations.


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

The Italian mathematician Girolamo Cardano introduced these formulas in Ars Magna, published in 1545.


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

Cardano did not invent the solution formulae himself, but obtained the formula for solving the third-order equation from Niccolo Tartaglia, who had been assured by Cardano not to reveal the secret of this, as he intended to publish the solution himself.


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

Tartaglia embittered Cardano once after he betrayed his promise.


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

Admittedly, Tartaglia was not the original inventor of the solution formula, but was apparently the first to be invented by Scipione dal Ferro.


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

The formula for solving the fourth order equation was again invented by Cardano's assistant Ludovico Ferrari.


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

When solving the third-order equation using the solution formula, one inevitably concludes with taking a square root from negative numbers if the equation has three real roots different from zero.


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

This case is called casus irreducibilis, that is, the unredused case, as the solution cannot be found in this case without some understanding of the counting rules for complex numbers.


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

Cardano calculates in Ars Magna the formaalist input (5 + − 15) (5 − − 15) {\ displaystyle (5+ {\ sqrt {-15}}) (5- {\ sqrt {-15}})} and gets the correct result 40, despite the fact that he forbids the negative the existence of square roots of figures.


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

It must be remembered that even in Cardano's time negative figures were not always accepted, Cardano himself referred to them as numeri ficti.


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

René Descartes did not approve of complex figures and mocked them by calling them imaginary in his “La Géométrie” published in 1637.


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

Leonhard Euler published in his 1748 book Introductio the important identity known today as Euler's theorem, the special case of which is e i π = − 1 {\ displaystyle e^ {i\ pi} =-1}.


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

Euler also introduced the notation i {\ displaystyle i} to describe the number − 1 {\ displaystyle {\ sqrt {-1}}}.


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

Earlier in the same century, the French mathematician Abraham de Moivre had invented another important formula for complex numbers, the de Moivre formula, although not presented in the form known today.


Question: Who developed the set of complex numbers?

Complex number

See also Euler's theorem Gaussian integer de Moivre's formula Residual calculus Sources Saff, Edward B. and Snider, Arthur David: Fundamentals of Complex Analysis: Engineering, Science, and Mathematics, Pearson 3rd edition References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Spiegel, Murray R.; Lipschutz, Seymour; Schiller, John J.; Spellman, Dennis| title = Complex Variables| publisher = McGraw-Hill Book Company| year = 2009 (1964) | version=Shaum's Outline Series| id = ISBN 978-0-07-161569-9, ISBN 8-0-07-161570-9 (ebook)}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Rikkonen, Harri| title = Long Basic Course in Mathematics II: Differential Calculation of Real Variable Functions| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otapublisher| year = 1969| id = ISBN 951-671-022-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Pitkäranta , Juhani| title = Calculus Fennicus| location = Helsinki| publisher = Open Study Materials ry| year = 2015| id = ISBN 978-952-7010-12-9, ISBN 978-952-7010-13-6 (pdf)}} Category:Complex numbers Category:Key articles of screening


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

A monastery (, closed) is a place where persons wishing to concentrate on religious life can retreat.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

Male permanent residents of the monastery are usually referred to as monks and female nuns.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

Becoming a monk or nun is a big issue, especially in Christian churches that practice monastic activities, and requires commitment.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

The head of the Orthodox monk monastery is the igumenia and the head of the nuns monastery is igumenia.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

The head of a Catholic monk monastery is an abbot and the abbess of a nun monastery.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

A novice is a monk or nun practitioner who is still wondering whether to make a monastic promise for the rest of his life.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

[1] [2] In addition to Christianity, a monastic institution exists in Buddhism, where monks are the core of Buddhism.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

[3] The attraction of monasteries and the number of their inhabitants has varied at different times.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

In the past, there have been Christian monasteries such as the “Caves of Cappadocia”, where more than 50,000 monks lived, and during its period of splendour, a monastery on Mount Athos in Greece which housed 30000 monks.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

Today, the monasteries have been greatly reduced and the largest of them are Buddhist: 15000 monks lived in Drepung Monastery in Tibet before the Chinese invasion.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

[4] Christian monastic institution The genesis of monasteries in Hellenism emphasized the opposite of good and evil, spiritual and material.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

This led to the idea that the soul is considerably more important than the body.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

By this logic, you get to do anything with a worthless body.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

This ensued, in extreme cases, gluttony, drinking drinks and sexual ramblings.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

According to another idea based on the same logic, the body must be mortalized.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

This idea led to asceticism, sometimes even torturing oneself (harsh fasting, self-flogging).


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

As this merged with the Jewish tradition as well as the sexual language passages of the New Testament, a Christian monastic institution began to develop.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

This process intensified after Christianity became a permitted and state-favored religion in the Roman Empire in the 310s.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

Several Christians began to criticize the secularization of the church.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

This caused the need for religious separation, and many retreated as hermits into solitude, practicing asceticism, surrendering fully to spiritual life.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

The phases of monastic establishment in the 3rd century, especially in Egypt but also in the Syrian regions, depression and social repression caused more and more to retreat into the desert to become hermits.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

Quietly, individual hermits formed worship communities, and larger hermit colonies began to emerge.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

Pakomiosta (d. 346) is considered the father of the actual monastic institution: he organized and founded the ascetic community according to tradition in 325.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

The monks were tasked with farming, worship services, prayer, Bible reading, and contemplation.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

In the early days, monks were usually allowed to keep their possessions and continue living with their wives, sure celibate.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

The first monastic rule was developed by Basileios the Great (d. 379).


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

According to the rule of Basileios: The hermit movement came under the authority of the bishop and thus ushered in a healthy state.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

The functions of the monasteries became devotional, mercy and theological study Commits to the monastery to possessions, unmarried and obedience to the head of its monastery In the West, the monastic system had long depended on influences from the eastern parts of the Roman Empire; The monastic rule of Basileios the Great was well known and respected.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

His own version of it was developed by Augustine, among others, while John Cassianus in particular spread the monastic system in line with Egyptian prequels to the territory of present-day southern France.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

On the same basis the monastic rule of Benedict Nursian (480 — 543), which has since gained the greatest influence in the West.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

The rules ordered monasteries to emphasize practical work (“Pray and do work” — “Ora et labora”).


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

The functions of the monasteries were the work of mercy and civilisation.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

Whoever went to a monastery pledged to live in poverty, unmarried and obedient.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

The Benedictine order was extremely hostile to doctrinal civilisation in its early stages, but after a couple of generations began encouraging the brothers to study and spiritual work.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

The monasteries acted as significant depositors of old civilisation, although they were unable to produce new knowledge.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

In 1098, a new Cistercian Rule Board was established, focused on clearing large wilderness areas in Central and Western Europe.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

The Cistercian monks were skilled builders, engineers and metallurgists, and they built many notable cathedrals and made numerous inventions.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

The Brotherhood Templar, which participated in the Crusades, served as the sister organisation and military wing of this Brotherhood.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

Other notable military fraternities of the Crusader period included the Johanniites, or Hospitalites, active in the Middle East, and the Calp Brethren active in the Baltics and their successor the Teutonic Order.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

Urbanization in the Middle Ages led to the emergence of new types of beggar brotherhoods (especially Franciscans and Dominicans).


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

At the same time, they formed a backlash against the wealth of older fraternities.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

Particularly firmly, their vows of poverty were taken by the Franciscans, who had long quarreled with the pope and avoided the verdict of heresy only by skillful policy.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

The organisation, committed to extreme poverty for women, was named Clariscans after its founder, St. Clara.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

The beggar friars did not isolate themselves from humans to remote areas, but lived and operated in conventions set up specifically in cities.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

The Franciscans made their living by working and took as their reward only what was necessary, without touching money.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

Many brothers toured cities and countryside preaching and making a living by begging.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

However, the Dominicans in particular, the Black Brethren, also dabbled in various fields of doctrinal civilization and emerged from their circle the most prominent Western philosopher of the Middle Ages, (Saint) Thomas Aquinas.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

The Dominicans were also the driving force of the Inquisition.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

The last major new rule of the Middle Ages emerged as the Birgittal organisation founded by St. Birgita, whose monasteries had (carefully isolated) male and female sections at the head of the abbedissa.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

The monastic institution, which had been able to distance itself from its original purpose, was heavily influenced by the Reformation.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

The monasteries had gained considerable economic assets and exercised significant secular power in many places.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

Especially in Italy, the lifestyles of monks and nuns were often promiscuous.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

Martti Luther was himself an Augustinian monk, but due to his own experiences denounced celibacy as anti-nature and called for the abolition of monkdom.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

He himself and the young priests who became his students married.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

The Reformation itself did not strictly require the abolition of the monastic institution, but the operation of the monasteries became economically impossible when, in the countries that carried out the Reformation, the large immovable and movable possessions of the monasteries were taken to the state.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

Thus, among others, England, the Nordic countries and much of Germany, the monasteries disappeared.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

The Counter-Reformation, which began in the lands that remained within the Catholic Church, turned its attention to the grievances raised by the Reformation and monastic discipline was tightened.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

A new phenomenon was the Jesuit brotherhood, which became the greatest tool of the Catholic Church.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

The Jesuits resigned themselves to military discipline, underwent more than a decade of high-level doctrinal training, and extensively knew the languages of their sphere of activity.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

At the same time, however, they were fanatically loyal to the Pope.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

Due to their high civility and good manners, the Jesuits were popular confessional fathers among the overlords and exercised significant behind-the-scenes power.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

This exposed them to the ridicule and hostility of the philosophers of the Enlightenment period.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

The Jesuit Brotherhood was banned in several countries when liberal governments came into power.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

Today, the Jesuits are the largest rule in the Catholic Church and represent the internal, liberal opposition of the Church.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

For a long time, two significant factors formed the recruitment base of the monastic institution.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

It provided a good “shelter job” for younger sons of noble families who did not inherit the land.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

These were brought to an honorable assignment where they were not allowed to have legitimate children.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

That's how legacy issues got easier.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

In the same way, nunneries provided a means of getting rid of “excess” women.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

On the other hand, for the lower folk classes, the monastic institution provided a significant pathway to social uplift.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

The son of a peasant may have risen very high in the church by virtue of his own abilities, although the highest positions were usually held by men of noble background.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

Both of the mechanisms described above have in modern society lost their relevance.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

Today, the monastic establishment constitutes an alternative culture rather than an actual culture component in the Western world.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

This has been a particular problem for the Catholic Church, whose priests are required to observe celibacy.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

Buddhist monastic institution Buddhist monasteries arose as early as the Buddha period.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

Parks were donated to monks by lay supporters, and settlements were built in them.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

The Buddhist canon, or Tripitaka (three baskets), is divided into three parts, one of which (Vinaya Pitaka) deals mainly with the instructions of monastic life.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

In Buddhist monasteries, monks spend a significant portion of their time meditating, some schools have up to 14 hours of guided meditation a day.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

Monasteries in Finland Catholic monasteries Helsinki Birgittalais Convention of the Mother of God Carmelite Convent in Espoo Turku Birgittalais Convent Medieval Monasteries Kökar Franciscan Convent Naantal Birgittal Rauma Franciscan Convention Turku Dominican Convention Vyborg Dominican Convention of Vyborg Franciscan Orthodox Monasteries Lintula Holy Trinity Monastery in Heinävesi (founded in Lintula, Kivennava in Karelian Isthmus) Valamo Monastery of Christ Transfiguration in Heinävesi (founded in Kivennava) Valamo archipelago on Ladoga, where under its original name the Valamo Convent of the Transfiguration of the Savior under the Russian Orthodox Church has continued to operate since 1989) Helsinki Vuosaari Monastery Cultural Centre in Sofia (no official monastic status) Community of Pokrova In Kirkkonummi (no official monastic status) as Finnish monasteries practically united with Valamo Monastery in Heinävesi, but officially their own units Konevitsa Monastery (Konevitsa Island in Ladoga has continued to operate under the original name of the Russian Orthodox Church Convent of the Birth of the Birth of Konevitsa since 1990) Petsamo Monastery (at the site of the establishment of the Holy Trinity Monastery in Petsamo has continued to function as Trifon Petsamo Monastery, subordinate to the Russian Orthodox Church since 1997) Lutheran monasteries Ecumenical Carmelite monastery community in Helsinki Enonkoski Monastery Mariandaughters' sister community in Naantali Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Heinonen, Meri (ed.


Question: In what year were Orthodox monasteries built in Heinävesi?

convent

) | title = Waiting for Eternity: Religion in Medieval Culture| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 2000| id = ISBN 951-662-788-9}} * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

James Abram Garfield (November 19, 1831 — September 19, 1881) was the 20th President of the United States.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Prior to the Civil War, Garfield served as a teacher and later principal at a college called the Western Reserve Eclectic Institute.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

After the Civil War ignited, Garfield joined the Union Army, where, thanks to his leadership skills, he quickly rose to the rank of major general.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Garfield eventually left the Army at the request of President Lincoln in 1863 and thereafter served in the United States Congress all the way until 1881.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

In Congress, Garfield focused particularly on economic matters and was known, among other things, as a proponent of the dollar tied to the precious metal stock.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Garfield was unexpectedly selected as the Republican Party's presidential nominee for the 1880 presidential election, when none of the party's top three candidates got enough backers behind him.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

In an exceptionally tight election, Garfield defeated Democrat Winfield Scott Hancock.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

However, Garfield's term as president remained only six months long when he was fatally shot by Charles J. Guiteau.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Life Youth James Abram Garfield is French-British by lineage.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

He was born in a log cabin located in Orange, Ohio, on November 19, 1831.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

James' father, Abraham Garfield, a farmer, died less than two years after he was born, which is why his mother, Eliza Ballou Garfield, had to raise James and his three siblings, Thomas, Mehitabel and Mary alone.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

[1] [2] James' other brother, James Ballou, died as an infant before James was born.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

[3] James Garfield was interested in adventure books when he was young and wanted to become a sailor [4].


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

However, due to his family's poor financial situation, as a teenager, he decided to establish two ferries operating the Ohio Canal.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

From 1851 to 1853 (according to some sources, 1854 [2]), Garfield attended a school called the Western Reserve Eclectic Institute (now Hiram College) in Hiram.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Along with his studies, he worked as a part-time teacher and a carpenter.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

In 1854, Garfield began studying at Williams College in Williamstown, Massachusetts, where he was known as a diligent student and good orator.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

[1] In addition to studying diligently, Garfield is reported to have enjoyed activities such as hunting and fishing, as well as women during his studies.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

At some point in his studies, Garfield is reported to have dated three different women at the same time.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

[2] After graduating from college in 1856, Garfield returned to the Eclectic Institute and began studying Greek and Latin.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

A year later, he was elected president of the school.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Along with his responsibilities at the Ecletic Institute, Garfield was ordained pastor of the Protestant Disciples of Christ [3] church and studied law independently.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

In 1858, Garfield married Lucretia Rudolph, an old fellow student who had served as a teacher.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

[4] Garfield was granted a license to practice the legal profession in Ohio in 1860 or 1861.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

[1] [2] Beginning a political career and a military career, Garfield was already opposed to slavery during his time as a student and was a supporter of the newly formed Republican Party.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

[4] In 1856, Garfield campaigned in Ohio for John C. Frémont, the Republican presidential candidate.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

[2] To his first political office, Garfield was elected in 1859 when he made it from the Republican list to the Ohio Senate.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Already at that time there was a hint of the secession of the Confeder


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

As a senator, Garfield advocated annexation by the Confederate States of America by force back to the United States if the two seceded.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

[1] In addition, he strongly opposed allowing slavery in any of the Western Territories of the United States.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

In the 1860 election, Garfield again campaigned for the Republican candidate - who by this time was Abraham Lincoln.