Question: Were three different versions of the 130/50 N cannon produced?

The calculation criteria for that trade, which was paid for by cellulose, are only on conjecture.


Question: Were three different versions of the 130/50 N cannon produced?

Finland's military equipment procurement during the Winter War

Another major batch of military equipment comprised anti-aircraft guns, the main trades of which were made for the 20 mm anti-aircraft gun Breda M35.


Question: Were three different versions of the 130/50 N cannon produced?

Deals with Italy may also include entirely cancelled batches of war material.


Question: Were three different versions of the 130/50 N cannon produced?

France sold or handed over war material to Finland worth around 600 million marks (around €192 million in 2008).


Question: Were three different versions of the 130/50 N cannon produced?

A significant part of the material released by France was free, though largely e.g.


Question: Were three different versions of the 130/50 N cannon produced?

old-fashioned artillery (the ammunition that came with it was very necessary, however).


Question: Were three different versions of the 130/50 N cannon produced?

The monetary value of the material is based on an estimate.


Question: Were three different versions of the 130/50 N cannon produced?

Great Britain sold or handed over military equipment to Finland for around 500 million marks (v.


Question: Were three different versions of the 130/50 N cannon produced?

2008, converted to EUR 160 million) worth approximately EUR 160 million.


Question: Were three different versions of the 130/50 N cannon produced?

Attempts have also been made to calculate some kind of value for the material obtained for free.


Question: Were three different versions of the 130/50 N cannon produced?

The material sold or disposed of by Belgium was also worth around 500 million marks, although this figure is highly uncertain since Germany began its invasion of the country as early as May 1940.


Question: Were three different versions of the 130/50 N cannon produced?

The United States sold or handed over military equipment to Finland for 270 million marks (v.


Question: Were three different versions of the 130/50 N cannon produced?

2008 adjusted to EUR 87 million) worth approximately EUR 87 million.


Question: Were three different versions of the 130/50 N cannon produced?

Cancelled instalments have been deducted from the figure.


Question: Were three different versions of the 130/50 N cannon produced?

The most important event is the so-called surplus auction for the Finns of Brewster F2A fighters, of which only 8pc arrived in Finland during the war after assembly in Sweden.


Question: Were three different versions of the 130/50 N cannon produced?

Hungary sold or handed over military equipment to Finland for around 100 million marks (v.


Question: Were three different versions of the 130/50 N cannon produced?

2008, converted to EUR 32 million) worth.


Question: Were three different versions of the 130/50 N cannon produced?

The value of the material obtained from Norway was calculated to be around 80 million marks (v.


Question: Were three different versions of the 130/50 N cannon produced?

2008, converted to EUR 26 million).


Question: Were three different versions of the 130/50 N cannon produced?

The price of material obtained from Denmark was estimated at around 70 million marks (v.


Question: Were three different versions of the 130/50 N cannon produced?

2008, converted to EUR 22 million).


Question: Were three different versions of the 130/50 N cannon produced?

The price of material obtained from Spain was estimated at around 55 million marks (v.


Question: Were three different versions of the 130/50 N cannon produced?

2008, converted to EUR 18 million).


Question: Were three different versions of the 130/50 N cannon produced?

The price of material obtained from Switzerland was estimated at around 35 million marks (v.


Question: Were three different versions of the 130/50 N cannon produced?

2008, converted to EUR 11 million).


Question: Were three different versions of the 130/50 N cannon produced?

The price of material obtained from Germany was estimated at around 35 million marks (v.


Question: Were three different versions of the 130/50 N cannon produced?

2008, converted to EUR 11 million).


Question: Were three different versions of the 130/50 N cannon produced?

The German contribution might have increased considerably if the Swedish press had not brought to the attention of the Soviet legation in early December 1939 the transit and arms sales permitted by the Germans through the so-called Bulvans [9].


Question: Were three different versions of the 130/50 N cannon produced?

The spoils of war in the Winter War, the Finns received a significant war booty in relation to the conditions prevailing during the Winter War and the economic resources of the country.


Question: Were three different versions of the 130/50 N cannon produced?

The value of the spoils of war was increased by the fact that the captured war material turned out to be largely modern and fit.


Question: Were three different versions of the 130/50 N cannon produced?

In addition, the use value of the material obtained as prey was increased by the fact that, among other things, for infantry armament, the calibers were consistent with the Finns' own weapons.


Question: Were three different versions of the 130/50 N cannon produced?

There are discrepancies in the statistics of the spoils of war obtained due, among other things, to the failure to report the captured material as well as its subsequent destruction.


Question: Were three different versions of the 130/50 N cannon produced?

[15] War spoils material was introduced immediately after it was taken, with the firepower of the Finnish troops fighting on the front lines immediately increasing.


Question: Were three different versions of the 130/50 N cannon produced?

However, much of the spoils of war had to be sent to the home front to be serviced and repaired.


Question: Were three different versions of the 130/50 N cannon produced?

However, for heavier armament (e.g., artillery), prior to deployment to the front, it was necessary to acquire the rest of the equipment and traction equipment of the finished fire unit and to train personnel.


Question: Were three different versions of the 130/50 N cannon produced?

For example, of the 138 cannons obtained as spoils of war, only 44 guns were allowed to be returned to the front for combat use as ready-to-fire units during the Winter War.


Question: Were three different versions of the 130/50 N cannon produced?

[15] See also Military economy in Finland during the Winter War War War War War in Finland during World War II Foreign aid Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = History of Winter War 1—4| location = Helsinki| publisher = Department of Military Science | year = 1991| version = Office of Military History of the Department of Military Science (ed.


Question: Were three different versions of the 130/50 N cannon produced?

) | id = ISBN 951-0-17565-X}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Finland at war: important days of winter and continuation war| location = Helsinki| publisher = Readers Digest| year = 1988| version=Jorma Järventaus (ed.


Question: Were three different versions of the 130/50 N cannon produced?

) | id = ISBN 951-9078-94-0}} References Category:Winter War


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Also check out the article List of AMC engines, where all engines used by AMC are listed.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

From the mid-1950s, American Motors Corporation (AMC) manufactured V8 engines with a variety of different cylinder displacements and tuning degrees for different applications.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

When AMC in 1987 was merged into Chrysler Corporation, AMC's V8 engines remained in production until 1991, powered by the Jeep Grand Wagoneer.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

[1] The first generation (GEN-1) Nash/Hudson/Rambler V8 (1956-1966) Today, when talking about this engine family, the term “GEN-1" AMC V8 is used, but in its own time it was known as the Rambler V8.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

As part of a larger plan for a possible merger of Packard and Studebaker into the newly formed American Motors Corporation, which had been spawned by the Nash-Kelvinator Corporation and Hudson Motor Car Company in their merger, George W. Mason, then head of AMC, had an oral agreement with Packard that the companies would supply each other with parts and components where appropriate.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

AMC began purchasing Packard's V8 engines in 1954, powering the 1955 large-format Nash Ambassador and Hudson Hornet models.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The engines were supplied as a package along with Packard's Ultramatic automatic transmission.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Because Packard components were pricey, AMC's new general manager, George W. Romney, decided to end cooperation with Packard.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

[2] Romney gave the company's design department the task of developing its own V8 engine for AMC, on as fast track as possible.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

An engine engineer who had previously worked at Kaiser Motors, David Potter, who had already designed his own V8 engine for Kaiser, was hired to assist the design department.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

With his know-how and experience, and with the help of AMC chief engineers John Adamson and Carl Burke, who were part of his team, AMC got its engines from the drawing board into production in less than 18 months.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

In the age of calculus sticks and hand-drawing, this can be considered quite an achievement.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The architecture of American Motors' 1956 Rambler V8 engine was very similar to the '49-'53 Cadillac V-8 engine of the years.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

However, it does contain a few notable features characteristic of the Nash and Hudson engines, such as e.g. The Hudson X type crankcase cross-seat (crankshaft bearing bundles have lateral support to the sides of the crankcase.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Such a design increases the strength of the crankshaft support to a considerable extent), as well as rocker levers that represented the Nash design, which provided the best lubricating properties of its era for cold start.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

[3] The external dimensions of all GEN-1 engines are the same, as is the weight approx.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

601lbs (273kg).


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Many mechanical parts, including forged connecting rods, as well as the crankshaft, are also compatible.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

All GEN-1 V8 engines have the same stroke length of 3.25" (82.55mm).


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Different cylinder volumes have been achieved by modifying the bore: the 250 cid (4.1 l) engine bore is 3.50" (88.90mm), the 287 cid (4.7 l) bore is 3.75" (95.25mm) and the 327 cid (5.4 l) bore is 4.0" (101.6mm).


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The size of the bore is cast as a number at the top of the block, near the rear of the right-hand cylinder head.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

This number is difficult to see when the engine is in machine mode, especially in Ramblers the heating device effectively obscures the visibility, best the number is able to see with a folding mechanic mirror.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

As typical of 1950s V8 engines, the cylinder block hem extends far down, past the crankshaft centerline, thus forming a truly sturdy crankcase.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The order of supply of lubricating oil is from pump to camshaft and crankshaft, front to back, after which it is distributed to both groups of hydraulic lifters, front to back.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

From behind the lifter groups, the oil is lifted up to the rocker shafts, through which the valve machine is lubricated.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Changing the direction of oil travel has been aimed at eliminating the formation of swamps, because at points where oil moves slower, silt is easily formed which may clog the oil channels.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

When comparing the Rambler V8 engine to the Chevrolet small-block engine, the one mentioned below feeds the oil split into three lines simultaneously at the rear of the engine to the camshaft located in the center of the block, the crankshaft, as well as both lifter groups.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Oil pushed forward from the rear is fed from the lifters up to the valve machinery down to the hollow pushrods.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

[4] The 250 250 was American Motors Corporation's first, modern OHV V8 engine of its own time.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

It was in use on various models of AMC from 1956 to 1961.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

In its debut, it made the 1956 Nash Ambassador and Hudson Hornet Special models powered.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

These versions were outfitted at the top of their own model ranges, but were produced on the shorter wheelbase chassis of the smaller Statesman and WASP sister models.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The valve lifters on the 250 engines were hard and the valve gaps had to be adjusted by hand from the rocker lever.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The engines were equipped with a two- or four-throated carburetor, initially a four-throated version was only available for Nash/Hudson Special models.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

In 1957, the 250 V8 was offered as an alternative engine to the Ramblers, and cars of this model year run prosaic as the Rambler V8 or Rambler Six.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Ramblers with 1958 — 60 V8 engines were given the additional model name “Rebel” and thus formed their own model series.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Often causing confusion is the fact that in 1957 AMC produced a limited-series muscle car with 4-door hardtop bodywork and a 327 cid V8 engine, also named the Rambler Rebel.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

In 1961, a clarification came to the names of models of the Rambler line when the Rambler Six and V8 models received the common name Rambler Classic.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Whereas the previously V8-powered Ramblers had been separated into their own model series, the V8 was now one engine variant of the Classic model series.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

287 In 1963, AMC launched a 287-cubic inch (4.7 l) V8 engine.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

[4] The reason for this was a clear lack in the engine range of the Ramblers.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

When the 250 engine was dropped out of the range in 1961, there was no V8 engine available for anyone other than the Ambassador at the top of the range.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The Ambassador was only produced with a 327 engine and that was not what the factory wanted to offer in its smaller models.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The 287 used hydraulic valve lifters, like the bigger 327.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

As this was an engine offered in smaller and cheaper models, it was only fitted with a two-throated carburetor, the quad-throated was not even offered as an option.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The 287 engine was produced until 1967.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

[4] The 327 Nash/AMC 327 was an engine similar to the 250 in external dimensions and mostly internal parts.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

A larger cylinder volume of 327 cubic inch (5.4 l) was achieved by increasing the bore to 4.0 inches (102mm).


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The 327 had hydraulic valve lifters, unlike the 250, which was powered by hard lifters.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The myth lives tenaciously among enthusiasts that AMC's 327 is an engine made by Chevrolet.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

This is not true, Chevrolet introduced its own, though much more famous engine, only five years after AMC.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

[5] The AMC 327 engine got its first introduction powered by the muscle car Rambler Rebel, a special batch of 1500 pieces.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

In 1957, the 327 was not available for any other Rambler model.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

These Special Edition Rebels were externally identified by their silver-coloured painting and flank ornamentation, which forms a spearhead with a gold colour centre.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The 1957 Rebel engine differs from the bow-mounted 327 engines of the same year model Nash Ambassador and Hudson Hornet, in terms of mechanical valve lifters and a higher compression ratio.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Since both versions have been declared at 255 horsepower, it is apparent that the engine power of the Rebel has been declared in the lower deck for some reason.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

[3] 1957 was a time of model changes at AMC.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Traditional names Nash and Hudson changed to Ramblers, with the big Nash Ambassador and Hudson Hornet being replaced by one new model, the 327 V8-engined “Ambassador by Rambler”.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The 327 was the exclusive engine of the Ambassador models and it was not possible to order it to power the smaller Rebel or Classic models until 1965.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Between 1965 and 1966, it was possible to equip the Classic and Ambassador with either the 287 or 327 engine.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

From 1965 to 1967, AMC supplied 327 engines with a two-throated carburetor for the Kaiser-Jeep, to power the Jeep Wagoneer SUV, as well as the Gladiator pick-up.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Jeep gave these engines the name “Vigilante” V8.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

When AMC in 1967 removed the 327 from its ranges, Kaiser-Jeep switched to using the Buick 350 engine.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

AMC purchased the Jeep from Kaiser in 1970, but Buick's V8 remained an engine option for the Jeep until 1972, when it reverted back to AMC's V8 engines.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

From 1960 onwards, 327s were offered in both low- and high-compression versions.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Until then, all 327s produced were high compression.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Low-press versions used two-throated carburettors and four-throated ones in the high-press.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The compression ratio of the “Low” engine was 8.7:1, with the “High” engine it was 9; 7:1.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The change in compression ratio was achieved by different models of pistons.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Electronic fuel injection AMC 327 Electrojector is likely to be the first gasoline-powered serial production engine for passenger cars with electronic fuel injection (EFI).


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

[6] The Bendix Corporation, which developed the system, issued a press release on the subject in December 1956, followed in March 1957 by a price list issued by AMC with an EFI option for the Rambler Rebel.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Deliveries to buyers of cars with this option were due to start after June 15.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

[7] The Electrojector system, which suffered from pediatrics, was eventually installed in only a few cars for development and research use, as well as for press demonstration use.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Some sources suggest that the Bendix-EFI was only installed in about six cars.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

It is absolutely certain that AMC produced two pre-series EFI-equipped Rebels.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The second of them was sent to Florida's “Daytona Beach Speed Week” event, this car sports event being the precursor to the current Daytona 500 race.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Since the Rebel was not yet a production model in manufacture, it was not possible to participate in an official NASCAR Series race so AMC held its own acceleration and speed races at the track.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The fastest car in these races was a 1957 Chevrolet Corvette equipped with mechanical fuel injection, to which the Rebel lost in 0-60mph acceleration some tithes of a second.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The EFI Rebel was arguably the fastest passenger car in Daytona Beach and, as a production model with a four-throated carburetor, it was, in 1957, the fastest passenger car in the U.S.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

[8] [9] EFI 327 engine power was reported as 288 horsepower, compared with 255 hp for models with a four-throated carburetor.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

[10] Rebel's EFI system was much more advanced than other mechanical injection systems on the market, but it suffered especially from poor cold start-up, with warm air the system worked fine.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

[7] The fundamental problem with this first electrically controlled system was that early transistor technology, combined with negative pressure operated mechanics, could not reproduce quickly enough to the changes in parameters given by components observing engine operation from flight.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Presumably all EFI versions were converted to carburetor versions prior to being put up for sale, no cars are known to have passed outside AMC's design department.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Chrysler Corporation adopted this same system, and offered it as an option on the 1958 Dodge, Chrysler, Plymouth, and DeSoto models.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

That experiment also failed, largely for the same reasons as AMC's Rebel.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Bendix Corporation licensed its e-fuel direct injection patent to German conglomerate Robert Bosch GmbH.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Based on them, the Bosch D-Jetronic system was developed, which entered the market in 1967.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Marine Engines Beginning in 1958, modified versions of AMC's 327 V8 engines for boat use were offered by the American Gray Marine Motor Company under the name “Fireball”.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The [11] 250 V8 was added to the range in 1959 and was posthumous from the company's range after 1966.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

A smaller one of the engines was offered in 135-, 160-, 170-, 175-, 178- and 185-horsepower versions.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The 327 had power readings of 188-, 215-, 220-, 225- and 238 horsepower.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The last year that the AMC 327 V8 was offered as a marine engine was 1967, when a 220 hp version was on the market.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

[12] The second generation (GEN-2) AMC short-deck V8 (1966—1970) In 1966, the new generation AMC V8 was introduced, it is also referred to as “GEN-2" AMC V-8.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Launched as the first version, the Typhoon 290 was launched to market mid-model year 1996 powered by the Rambler American Rogue, a two-door hardtop model.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

With a two-throated carburetor, the engine provided power at 200 hp (SAE) and a four-throated carburetor and a higher compression ratio of 225 hp (SAE).


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

New thin-wall casting technology was used in the manufacture of the cylinder block and weighed only 540 lbs (245kg).


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The [13] “Typhoon” engine family included three different variants, 290 cid (4.8 l), 343 cid (5.6 l) as well as 390 cid (6.4 l), sharing the same cylinder block.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Differences in engine cylinder volumes have been achieved by drilling of different lengths and by changing the stroke length.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The external dimensions of all cylinder blocks of this engine family are uniform, making it easy for example to change the engine to a larger one.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

In order to make use of the tools used in engine manufacturing for as long as possible, the distance of the center of the cylinders bore to its neighbor was still the same as in the GEN-1 V8 engines, 4.75 inches.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Otherwise, this engine family was completely different from the preceding GEN-1 engines.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Gen-1 engines are physically the same size class with Ford or GM's big-block engines, and are also referred to in some contexts as big blocks.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The GEN-2 engines are physically closer to the American V8 smallblock, except for the cylinder bore centerline, which is the same as in some big-block engines.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

There is not a single interchangeable part between AMC's GEN-1 and GEN-2/3 engine families.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Contrary to popular myth, AMC's V8s were not those of Ford or any other outside manufacturer, though they do bear similarity to the later Buick 400, 430 and 455 V8 engines.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Both have a similar split-head casing in which both the current splitter and the oil pump are mounted.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Also, oil circulation in the engines of both manufacturers is implemented in the same way.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Some components of the electric side, such as the starter motor and the current splitter, are the same ones Ford used.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

In addition, some versions have used Motorcraft carburettors.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Despite components from outside manufacturers, AMC's design and manufacture of engines was entirely in the factory's own hands.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

AMC's GEN-2 V8 was introduced in 1966, initially it had a cylinder capacity of 290 cid (4.8 l) In its first year it was exclusive to the American model range engine.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

In 1967, 343 (5.6 l) and in 1968 AMX 390 (6.4 l) versions entered the market.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

These blocks remained unchanged in production until 1970.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Cylinder heads of this era are identified by the square shape of their exhaust channels, in English “rectangle port”.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Other versions, due to smaller bore, the 290's cylinder covers use 1.787" (45.4mm) diameter intake and 1,406" (35.7mm) exhaust valves.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The 343 and AMX 390 used the same cylinder head with 2.025" (51.4mm) diameter for the intake valves and 1.625" (41.3mm) for the exhaust valves.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

290 From the factory trail, the standard tuned 290 produced power from 200 to 225 horsepower (SAE) equipped with a 2- or 4-throated carburetor.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

It was manufactured from 1966 until 1970.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The bore was 3.75 inches (95.25mm) and the stroke length was 3.28 inches (83.31mm).


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

In 1966, the 290 engine was only fitted to the bow of the 623's car, these were all two-door Rambler American Rogue models.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

[13] The '66 novelty model Rogue with a new new engine could be equipped with either a three-tier automatic or a four-tier, floor selector controlled manual transmission.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

In particular, the latter option was a great option for the Stoplight Grand Prix, or traffic light races.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The [4] 343,343 engine (5.6 l) had a bore of 4.08 in (103.6mm) and a stroke length of 3.28 inches (83.31mm).


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The engine was produced from 1967 until 1970.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The standard tuned 343 with a 2-throated carburetor produced 235 horsepower (SAE) of power and 345lbs-ft (468 Nm) of torque.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The 4-throated version as an option gave power of 280 hp (SAE) and had 365lbs-ft (495 Nm) of torque.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The four-throated version has a compression ratio of 10, 2:1.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

[14] AMX 390 The large AMX 390 engine had, in addition to the largest bore and stroke length, the crankshaft and connecting rods were made of forged steel.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

AMC did not want a slip on the engine demonstration schedule plan and therefore played it safe.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The forge crankshaft and connecting rods were assorted into the engine due to their known durability characteristics, moreover, the schedule did not allow testing of casting parts.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

And since molds for forging parts were once manufactured, it did not make economic sense to start a test program for casting steel parts.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

This same parts manufacturing policy continued even with the 401 engine that followed.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

As a result, AMC's large engines did not suffer engine damage, e.g., caused by broken connecting rods, like other American high-volume small block engines.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The GEN-2 AMX 390 engine was produced from 1968 to 1970.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

As a power reading, the factory reported it 315 SAE horsepower.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The engine had a bore of 4.165" (105.791mm) and a stroke length of 3.68" (93.47mm).


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

[15] The maximum bore oversize recommended by the factory was 0.020", but machine builders drilled the block to an oversize of 0.030" overall.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

In 1970, AMC changed the design of the exhaust ducts on cylinder heads to be better flowing; in the English-language engine world, they go by the name “dog-leg”, due to their hamstring shape resembling a dog's hind leg.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

[16] Indy 209 Between 1976 and 1979, American racing driver Jerry Grant drove the most high-powered car ever seen in the Indy Series.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

This was an Eagle 74 chassis mounted turbocharged, 209-cubic inch (3.4 l) AMC GEN-2 V8 block based engine with 1100 horsepower extracted.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

[17] The race car in question was fast on straight stretches of the track, but the heavy engine degraded the car's cornering characteristics.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Third generation (GEN-3) AMC tall-deck V8 (1970-1991) In 1970, the structures of all three blocks were redesigned.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The biggest change was block height (deck height), i.e.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

dimension from the centre of the crankshaft to the upper surface of the cylinder block.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

This measure was increased by, e.g.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

to increase the cylinder volume, in addition, all engines received new types of cylinder heads.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Due to these changes, we can talk about the 3rd-generation, or GEN-3, AMC V8 engines.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The block height of the 290 and 343 engines, and the same stroke length, increased to 0.16".


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

At the same time, the engine cylinder volumes increased to 304 cubic inches (5.0 l) and 360 cubic inches (5.9 l).


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

In 1970, despite the new block, the AMX 390 kept its former stroke volume.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

In that year, and only then, the engine used connecting rods and pistons of special dimensions to keep the engine displacement at 390 cubic inches, despite the larger block.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The factory did not give any reason for this solution, but it is speculated that AMC wanted to keep the 390 engine powered by the two-seat AMX until production ceased.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The AMC AMX, with a 390 cubic inch V8 engine, acquired fame and glory for the factory and thus this image of the car and engine was important to the factory.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

For 1971, the AMX 390's stroke length increased to 0.16" and the cylinder volume became 401 cubic inches.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

[18] Another important change from 1970 was the new design of cylinder heads.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The design of the exhaust ducts on the cylinder heads was modified to be better flowing; in the English-speaking engine world, they go by the name “dog-leg”, split cut for their shape resembling the hamstring of a dog's hind leg.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

With the new design of the channels, the flow of these covers is approx.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

20% better than older decks with square exhaust ducts.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

This, on the other hand, has a noticeable effect on engine power


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Two factors contribute to the improvement of the flow: Firstly, due to the shape of the channel its surface area is larger than its predecessors, this helps in the transfer of heat away and, moreover, the round shape is more favorable for the flow of gases than the square.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Secondly, the shape of the base of the exhaust duct was changed from concave to convex per side, where the duct makes a bend and changes its direction from the cylinder to the upper slope.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

At this bend point, the concave shape of the base of the exhaust duct forced some of the gases to rise upwards, towards the top of the channel and this caused turbulence when after the bend point the flow had to be made to fold downwards, towards the manifolds.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

By changing the concave channel base into a convex exhaust flow begins to curve already inside the deck, due to further exhaust manifolds softly, without turbulence and with more efficient flow.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

[18] The position of the middle fastening bolts of the intake manifold was changed to avoid tangling of the GEN-2 and GEN-3 intake manifolds.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Intake manifolds are interchangeable if the bolt holes are machined into new places.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Still, the intake manifold intended for the higher block of the GEN-3 engine causes gasket and intake duct alignment problems if the GEN-3 intake manifold is matched to the GEN-2 cover.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

[18] In 1971, after the horsepower war subsided, the US automotive industry across the board dropped power from its engines, e.g.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

lowering the compression ratio.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

AMC did this by increasing the combustion room of the decks from 50 — 52cc to 58 — 59cc.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Cylinder heads with a higher compression ratio can be identified by their casting number, whose first three characters are 319, or the last three characters are 291 (only on the 360 - 401 engines, the 304's decks were theirs).


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The first three characters of the casting number for decks with a larger combustion chamber are 321, 322, or 323, depending on the year of manufacture.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The older cover version was only produced for the 1970 — 71 engines and are interchangeable with newer decks.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

An enthusiast who builds an engine dating back to those years of transformation should be careful about the fact that both covers of the engine are similar.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The sharp drop in power readings for engines was contributed to by the fact that in 1972 the US automotive industry switched from gross horsepower (SAE Gross Horsepower) to net horsepower (SAE Net Horsepower) in the measurement of power readings.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

304 The 304 engine introduced in 1970 had a cylinder displacement of 303.73 cubic inches (4977cm3) and as a version of 1970 — 71 it produced power of 210 horsepower (SAE gross).


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

[19] The power reading was then lowered at a fast pace.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The 1972 — 78 versions provided power from 150 to 120 horsepower (SAE net).


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

[20] [21] 1979 was the last in which this engine was installed in passenger cars, at that time the power rating was reported as 130.5 horsepower (SAE net).


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

In 1980 — 81 of this engine were still fitted to power the Jeep CJ, at that time the power reading was 125 horsepower.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The 360 AMC 360 had a cylinder volume of 359.21 cubic inches (5886cm3).


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

From 1970 to mid-1971, a two-throated carburetor version of the engine produced 245 horsepower of power and a four-throated carburettor equipped with 290 horsepower (SAE gross).


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

[19] Powers for this version were subsequently drastically dropped and from late 1971 to the end of 1975, engine power was reported as 175 horsepower for the two-throated carburetor and 195—220 horsepower for the four-throated carburetor (SAE net).


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

[20] In 1976 the power reading for the dual-throated carburetor version was 140 horsepower, the four-throated carburetor was 180 horsepower, in 1977 the two-throated version gave power no more than 129 horsepower, and the four-throated 170 horsepower.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The 1978—1991 two-throated carburetor version had a power reading of 160 horsepower.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

[22] The 360 was the last AMC V8 engine still in production after the company ceased to exist.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

It was introduced in 1970 as the standard engine for the AMX, in addition to being in service on the 1970 Rebel, the 1971—1978 Matador, the 1970—1987 Jeep J series, the 1972—1984 Wagoneer SJ, the 1974—1983 Cherokee SJ, and the 1984—91 full-size Grand Wagoneer.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

It also found its way into the engine room of the 1974 Bricklin SV-1 sports car.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

[22] [23] The AMC 360 was also the last V8 engine equipped with a carburetor to be installed in an American-made vehicle.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The only change made to every engine in its manufacturing history was the change of the “360” cast number on the side of the block to “5.9L” on the 1991 model year car engines.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The 401 401 engine has a cylinder capacity of 401.11 cubic inches (6573cm3).


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

As a 1971 version and way of measurement, it produced 330 horsepower (SAE gross), [24] the 1972 — 75 version has a power output of 255 horsepower (SAE net).


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

[20] In 1976, engine power was reported as 215 horsepower.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

As with the 390 engine, the 401's crankshaft and connecting rods are also made of forged steel.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Even with this engine, the factory recommended only an oversize bore of 0.020", but engine builders commonly drilled the block to an oversize of 0.030 inches.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Manufacture of the engine was discontinued in 1979.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Due to its durability and easy tunability, the 401 is highly rated among industry enthusiasts.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

From 1971 to 1975, the 401 was available to power AMC's Javelins, Matadors and Ambassadors, as well as Jeeps.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

As a result of the energy crisis, increased fuel prices, increased insurance premiums and increased emissions requirements forced AMC to drop the 401 out of the range, and from 1975 to 76 the Matador was the only person model in which it was installed and even then only available for government use to versions.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Buyers of the Jeep Wagoneer, Cherokee, and J-10 and J-20 stage models were able to order their cars with the 401 engine until 1979.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

AMC also supplied these engines to International Harvester, which used them to power Light Linepick ups and Travelall station wagons from 1973 to 1974.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

SR blocks AMC provided for maintenance and warranty repairs to its representatives so-called. SR blocks (Service Replacement), which were GEN-3 blocks, but differed from the standard engine equivalents.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The casting numbering is the same as for 401 engines, but there is no casting number on the side of the block that multiplies the cylinder volume.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The bore was the same as in the 360 engine, but the cylinder wall was thicker.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Theoretically, from the SR block, one could build any 343 to 401 GEN-2 or GEN-3 engine.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Trustees were able to keep stock for a block or two, for possible warranty repairs.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

The frame trunks of the 390, 401 and SR blocks are thick enough that extra bolt holes can be worked into the trunks and the frame bearings can be fitted with four-bolt bearing covers, thus making the lower floor of the engine much stronger.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

AMC did not manufacture factory-sized four-bolt blocks themselves, but the factory had a special “Group 19" program through which customers, through AMC representatives, were allowed to order factory tuning parts.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Many of these parts, such as the four-hole frame bearing covers mentioned above, were made by some third party and AMC acted as if as an umbrella and parts distributor.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

[25] [26] Due to their characteristics, SR blocks were also sold for the construction of heavy duty racing engines, and it is presumed that this was the main reason they were being produced.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

As the blocks were prefabricated and freely available in sufficient quantities, they thus met the requirements of the T/A series.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

SR blocks went on sale in 1970, early enough to allow them to participate in the 1971 Trans-Am Racing Series.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

They were used, with factory strong back support, as engines for the Trans-Am Javelins of the Penske Racing Team.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

A Los Angeles-based motor workshop, Traco Engineering, was responsible for bringing the engines to the race vigil.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

[27] AMC Javelin and Penske Racing's number one driver Mark Donohue made a clear mark in the 1971 Trans-Am Series, winning six races in the streak and seven sectionals out of nine in all.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

In the final leg of the year, the Javelins cleaned up the prize table, taking the top three places in the race and winning the marker championship, Donohue additionally won that year's drivers' championship.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Although the SR block had been approved as a standard production engine under the current T/A rules, AMC built the 2501's piece series specially-equipped “Mark Donohue” -Javelin, to gain T/A Series approval for the car's rear spoiler.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

As an engine, however, these special models do not have an SR block but are equipped with standard tuned 360 or 390 engines, at the buyer's choice.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Like all special models, the original “Mark Donohue” Javelins are also highly sought after items in the USA due to their small quantity.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

Since the design differs from the factory standard Javelin only in terms of its rear spoiler and “Mark Donohue” decorations, distinguishing the original from the replica made afterwards is completely impossible.


Question: What does V8 mean in car engines?

AMC V8 engines

On topic elsewhere Sources 8


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

Pesäpallo is a club game between two teams developed by Lauri “Tahko” Pihkala.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The purpose of the game is to hit runs on their own innings and prevent the opponent from hitting runs on the outside innings.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

Indoor players hit the ball in turn, and the outdoor players are grouped on the field.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

One outdoor player serves as a pitcher, or a lock.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

A hitter gets a run after rotating all three bases and returning to home base.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

Pihkala developed pesäpallo in the 1910s out of American baseball and in the early 20th century from kingball played in Finland.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

Pesäpallo quickly began to be spoken of as the Finnish national game, and spread throughout the 1920s—1930s in schools and patronage municipalities.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

It has well maintained its place as Finland's national game, and is the third most popular ball game in Finland.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

Its main series in Finland is Superpesis.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The species is also dabbled on a small scale in some other countries, such as Sweden and Australia.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The Pesäpallo World Cup has been held nine times, with Finland winning each time.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

Nature of the game Description Pesäpallo is a team and racquet game in which two teams compete against each other.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[1] Teams are alternating inside and out.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The team in the innings strives to score as many runs as possible, the number of which will determine the victory of the period.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The wins of the episodes, in turn, determine the win of the entire match


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[2] Players on the team in innings are actively involved in the progression of the match as batters or runners.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The hitter hits a ball pitched from home base by the team's locker in the outside innings.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[2] The locker stands next to the feed plate and throws the pass perpendicular upwards over the feed plate.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[1] The hitter turns into a runner as he leaves home base.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The runner's goal is to rotate all three field bases and score a run when returning to home base.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The other batters on the indoor team tend to help the runner advance.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[2] Players on the outdoor team aim to prevent the indoor team from scoring runs.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

Outdoor players are able to do this by wounding or burning a runner.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[2] Teams switch shifts when three inside players are burned or the inside team has not scored enough runs during their own shift.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

An inning has been played when both teams have been once in an innings.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

Two periods are played during the match, with 2—4 innings each.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

Upon completion of periods, the winner of the tie match will be decided in a super inning followed by a rebound contest.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[2] The team's game tactics are responsible for the game manager, who chooses both offensive and defensive tactics.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The game manager uses a multicolored fan to communicate offensive tactics, with which this informs players the strategy to be used.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[1] Game Slots In the indoor game, players have different tasks.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The forwards are the fastest runners on their team and, in addition, they are good at tipping from the base and have good starting speed.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

Shift hitters are primarily intended to move forwards from one base to another with changeup strokes such as snaps, bounce punches, ground strokes, and punches that hit between the burn line and the coppers.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

Shift hitters usually hit after eteners with numbers 2, 3, and 7.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The homer hitters tend to hit the forwards home.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

They are usually numbers 4, 5 and 8 in the batting order.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

Joker players are also used as home hitters.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The team has three jokers, which are used depending on the team's indoor playing power.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[3] In the outfield, there are a total of nine players in the outfield: a lock, a catcher, three basemen, two focal line players, and two backfielders, or knockers.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

Lukkar's job is to give the hardest possible pitches to the opponent's hitter.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[3] Field In baseball courts, sand grass is usually used as a platform, but baseball is also played on sand and grass courts.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[3] The actual playing area of the Baseball Field includes the home base and the area bounded by the sidelines and the rear border.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[4] The home base area is determined by the arc and frontcourt boundaries of the home base.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[3] The sidelines, on the other hand, leave home base diagonally towards second and third bases.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The boundaries turn directly perpendicular to the home base slightly before nesting and continue straight towards the rear border.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

First base is located along the boundary going toward third base.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[4] The length of the men's field is 96 metres and the length of the women's field is 82 metres.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The width of the men's field at the rear limit, meanwhile, is 42 metres and the women's field 36 metres.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

In the men's field, the starting path from home base to first base is 20 feet and the cross path between second and third base is 36 feet long.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

It's 57.5 yards from the back line to the third base run-line.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[5] In addition to men, the men's field is used by A and B boy juniors and the women's field is used by senior girl juniors and C and D boy juniors.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

In addition to these, there are still junior fields and peanuts.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[4] The home base is located on the home side of the home boundary.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

It is a semicircular area with a radius of five metres in both the men's and women's field.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The home base additionally has a so-called front arch between the side boundaries, with a radius of 270 centimeters from the center of the feed plate.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The feed plate, in turn, is a circular-shaped slab 3—5 centimeters thick with a diameter of 60 centimeters.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The top surface of the dish should be 3-5 centimeters from the surface of the earth.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[4] Instruments Racket Baseball bats are currently manufactured from a combination of glass and carbon fiber.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

Until the 1980s, wood was the only material but has been superseded by fibres.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[6] [7] Only a racket approved by the Baseball Association may be used in games.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

Other restrictions in the rules are not given to adult rackets.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[8] Size restrictions were removed from the rules in the 1960s, but the size of rackets has not changed much since this time.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[6] Pallo Pesäpallo ball is different in size for men's, women's and junior junior games.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The men's ball weighs 160—165 grams, the women's ball 135—140 grams, and the peanball 95—100 grams.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The circumference of all balls is between 21.60 and 22.20 centimeters.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[8] In addition, the Baseball Association has defined standards for ball elasticity: [9] Men's ball the elasticity percentage of the new ball (160km/h) must be between 44 and 45.5% The elasticity percentage of the ball used (70 times/160km/h) must exceed 40% The elasticity percentage of the ball of the new ball (130km) /h) must be between 44,5% and 46% of the ball used (100 times/130km/h) to have an elasticity percentage of more than 43%.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The percentage of elasticity (60km/h) of the peanball should be between 46 and 49% when new.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

In Finland, official baseball is manufactured by L-Tec Sport and Suomipesis.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[10] There are many stages in the manufacture of baseball.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

Its essence is a tightly pressed trassel, on top of which we wrap a piece of wire.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

On top of the wire there is a layer of rubber strip, which is done by hand.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The top layer is glued, and the ball takes its shape in a steel mold in the furnace, where the hot mixture vulcanizes.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The finished ball is weighed, test dumped and stamped.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[10] Other equipment In baseball, you can use a flipper approved by the Baseball Association to facilitate the capture of the ball.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The use of other types of aids is prohibited.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[8] Flippers began to be used in baseball in art of the 1930s.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

Before that, balls were captured with bare hands or gloves.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[11] Head protection is mandatory in official matches played with men's or women's ball.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The head guard must be approved by the baseball federation.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

In an innings, all players are required to wear a head shield on their head during their own batting and when progressing on the pitch.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

If an inside player comes to bat without a head shield, condemning him to be burned immediately (technical fire).


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The lock and coppers of the team on the outdoor rotation are allowed to play in the outfield without a head shield.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[8] Rules Match The official match duration is in men and women and for A, B and C juniors 4+4+1 innings.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

There are fewer innings played in younger age grades.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

In the 4+4+1 game format, the fourth leveling innings will not be played if the team inside has already won the episode.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The episode is terminated if the team playing innings scores the winning run.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[12] At the beginning of the match, the captains of the teams, under the direction of the game umpire, perform a shift selection, known as Hutu soup.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

In it, the home team captain throws the bat to the umpire, who takes hold of it.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The captain of the away team then takes a grip on the bat so that the little finger touches the index finger and thumb of the keeper of the previous grip.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The captains then take turns so that the winner of the Hutu Soup is the one who gets the last-holding hold on the bat.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The winner gets to choose whether his team starts on the inside or out rotation.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[13] The second period, meanwhile, is started by the team that was first on the outside rotation.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[14] When the episodes are tied, a super inning is played, the starter of which becomes a new Hutu soup.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[14] The super inning is terminated with an equalizing turn if the team inside scores the winning run.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

If after the super inning the match is still tied, a repatriation contest will be played.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

Teams select five batters and five forwards to do so.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The etener is placed at third base, and the batter has three strokes to home the etener.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

After this comes the next batter-former-pair.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

If the match is tied after five pairs, the withdrawal contest will be continued in groups of three pairs until the settlement.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[15] A break of 10—18 minutes is held between periods and a 5-minute break before the super inning.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

In the break before the super inning, teams will nominate the participants in the already completed withdrawal contest.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[15] Teams have one time out at their disposal in each period.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[15] Advancing, pitching and hitting Indoor players actively involved in the game are either batters or runners.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The hitter is safe at home base.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

A hitter becomes a runner when he receives three right pitches, a safety from first base, a free wing, is off home base either at booth moment or when the ball is in the possession of an outdoor player at home base, or when the player returns.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[16] A player is in the nest when he touches the nest.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The inside player is also in the nest when he is in the air, but the outside player is not in the nest when he is in the air.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The ball is held by an outdoor player when it is in his hand, in his flipper, or when he has a grip on the ball on the ground.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[16] The pitcher, or locker, must stand next to the pitching plate on the opposite side of the batter.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

He must give a signal of his intention to pitch by making the starting position.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

After that, he delivers a pass with one hand motion straight up on top of the pitching plate and dodges the hitter.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The pitch can be right or wrong.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The pitch is right if the batsman hits, even if it's been wrong.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

A pitch is judged wrong if the lock does not have the pitch right, the pitch is not technically correct, or if the ball does not soar one meter above the top of the lucker's head and does not fall to the pitch plate.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[17] A pass lock gets by throwing the ball from home base to one of the fielders.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[14] For two wrong passes and every wrong pass given after them, the team receives a free pass, which can be exercised by the vertex.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

If there is no forehand in the field, the batsman immediately receives a free right from the first wrong.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

If a lock gives three fouls when there is no forwards on the pitch, the batter can advance to second base.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

If there's a final batter in the innings, he gets a run.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[17] Teams must follow the batting order indicated on the record, which, however, may be altered prior to the second period and super innings.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

Teams may separately use a wildcard player who can be set to bat if the batting player has not yet settled in the turn.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[18] A batsman is entitled to have three assists in his turn.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[18] A punch is illegal if the ball hits directly outside the playing area or directly from the stroke to an inside player, the punch hits the bat on multiple occasions, the bat comes off the batsman's hand or breaks off while batting, or the batsman hits on the wrong turn.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The ball must not be hit off the bounce, nor until it has reached the legpoint of the pass.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[19] The batter is allowed to leave to advance as soon as the ball has come off the pitcher's hand.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

A runner returns at the base plate if he has come off the previous base, where he has a base safety, and the ball is on the outside player on the next base.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

A runner commits a nest break if he comes to the nest without visiting the previous nest.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[20] The runner is wounded when he arrives with a booth beat to the next base.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The wounded player must return to home base.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[21] A punch becomes a booth when an outside player gains possession of the ball without visiting the ground.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

An outside player in such a situation may also make a tactical drop and deliberately drop the ball to the ground after being caught.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[22] When all fielding bases have a runner and a lock gives the batting player this first pitch, a driving situation arises.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

In a driving situation, there is a so-called changeover ball, meaning each runner must advance to the next base with the batting of the player offloading the drive.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[22] An ethnician who visits all nests and gets back to the home base of the invulnerable makes a run.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

On his own batting, a hitter who arrived at third base gets what's known as a run of honor and can stay on base to attempt a double run.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[23] Referees and Penalties There are five referees in a Pesäpallo match.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The game umpire is responsible for the regular conduct of the match.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

He is assisted by a pitch judge and three other referees, as well as a scribe.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The pitch umpire tracks the actions of the lock and hitter, as well as the quality of the pass.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

He also condemns frontcourt illegals.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The second and third base umpire as well as the back limit umpire judge base situations, state the legality of the punches, and show booths.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The referees will decide the situation in favour of the inside player if they cannot for sure discern the outcome of the game event.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[22] As a result of violations committed by players, game managers and team staff members, the umpire may adjudicate technical fire, return of an inside player to the starting base, invalidation of progress, burning, freewheeling, remark, warning, playing penalty, and match penalty.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[24] A playing penalty is usually convicted of mild physical contact, aggravated provocation, aggravated use of language and taking a second ball into play.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

A player with a gambling penalty will be excluded from the match.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

A match penalty is awarded for the more serious physical insult, offensive hand signals and racist behaviour.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

A match penalty automatically results in a one-match game ban.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[25] Players Physical Characteristics The main physical attribute of a baseball player is speed.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[26] Pesäpallo is one of the most run-winning ball games.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The proportion of running in the sport is significant, so many top players are quick.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[27] In the indoor game, the player uses their speed from nest to nest to advance.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

Reaction speed is required when leaving the nest, and especially during hard strokes, explosive speed in batting performance.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

In outdoor play, good reaction speed is also required from the player and explosive speed in throwing performance.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[26] According to measurements taken by sports equipment manufacturer Adidas, baseball players move about 7 to 8 kilometers in men's super baseball matches.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

In addition, the game event with warm-ups lasts about three hours, so good endurance qualities are also required in baseball.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

Speed endurance is especially required of ethers.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[28] Skills Indoor Games Skills Progression and hitting are the most essential indoor playing skills for baseball players.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

Qualities needed in progression include speed, tipping skill, starting from the nest, following the tip finder, rushing to the nest, and following the ball and mark.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

In batting, the player needs to master strength, speed, technique of batting movement, versatility of batting play, situational solutions, and concentration.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[29] Etenija has a distance of 131 metres from home base to home base in men's field.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The key attribute to advancement is speed, of course, but an edenier slightly disconnected from the base is able to shorten the running distance from first to second base by 2—4 yards and from second to third base by 3—6 yards.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[29] Baseball beats are divided into four categories, basic, tap, bounce, and slow motion beats.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[30] Base strokes are all ground or field strokes directed at the firing line, its bypass, and backfield.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

Basic strokes include horizontal clubs, vertical rackets, and golf strokes.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

In horizontal strokes, the hit occurs in the shoulder plane and the movement is strong and continuous.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

It is the basic form of beating.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

In vertical bat strokes, the racket is vertical and the hit point is close to eye level.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

It is used for spaces and baluster baits.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

It's hard for an outdoor player to anticipate the direction of the vertical bat batting.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The golf swing is made well below shoulder level, and in that the trajectory of the racket is horizontal or descending.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The batting is at its best in three-side strokes.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[30] The tap punch is directed at the front field, and may be straight, threaded or short.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

In the vertical bat stroke, the bat and ball are at eye level and the punch is made lightly forward and downward pushing.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

In a horizontal bat stroke, one hand moves in the middle of the bat and only a light movement forward is made with the bat.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

In it, a twist on the ball is obtained by making a sharp pull or push movement at the time of the hit.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[30] The bounce punch is directed to the field side of the front arc and is struck from the top slope.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

It will be directed either to the border or to the burners.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

During the batting step, the body is rotated with its hindwings to make the punching movement as high as possible.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[30] A slow-motion punch is directed either in front of the firing line or past the frontmen.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

In it, the hands slide halfway down the bat and the center of gravity is lower than on the base batting.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The trajectory of the ball is missed by about 10 to 15 metres as a result of less force use.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

A punch can also be done with a normal grip or arm stroke, where the ball's hit point is close to the hands.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

In this case, the stroke can be made at full strength, but the trajectory of the ball is short due to threadiness.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[31] Outdoor Game Skills In outdoor play, the main skills of players are locking, catching, throwing and moving.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The skills required vary depending on whether the player is in the back, middle, or front court.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[27] The more key elements of baseball throwing include throwing speed, accuracy and strength, and situation control.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The basic throw is made so that the ball leans on the front and middle finger and is supported by the thumb and nameless.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The ball is out of the palm of the hand during the throw.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The throw utilizes body rotation, so the right-hander has his left leg in front and the left flank in the direction of throwing.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The weight shifts from the right foot to the left during the throw, which also involves hip movement.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[31] The throwing position must be retrieved before the ball is caught and must be ready when the ball moves to the throwing hand.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

When the ball is already in the throwing hand, the thrower should avoid extra steps so that the throw leaves as quickly as possible.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[31] Tactics Inner game The extremes of indoor tactics are fast, surprising and even risky gameplay tactics and safe tactics.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

In the latter long mode of play, interchange and withdrawal punches are performed only in forced situations.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

After the run, a safe spacebar or a sure-fire cubicle ball is played.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

In the fast mode of play, the team aims to get to third base as quickly as possible.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[32] The choice of internal tactics is heavily influenced by the opponent and the game situation of the match.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

Tactics are chosen according to weak and strong areas of the opponent's outdoor game.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

Before a game, different beat options for certain game situations are usually agreed upon.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[32] The batting order is set according to the characteristics of the players and, for example, is selected as the first batsman a fast and confident forward.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

In addition, teams have so-called wildcard batters in use, which can be used from outside the batting order.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[33] The game manager controls his team's indoor game using so-called signs to show the forwards and batsman whether the next pass is to be switched forward.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The Etenier knows this way even before he hits, whether he should leave to advance towards the next base and the batter knows what kind of stroke he should attempt.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[34] The mark is usually shown with a color threat made for it, where the mark can be associated with the place, direction and order of the colors of the fan.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The main sign includes information about whether the mark is on and whether the wrong one is taken off.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

In the case of erroneous removal, the ethnician does not go running on the wrong pass.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[34] In addition to the main badge, teams have, for example, express, reverse and automatic badges.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[35] Outdoor game Outdoor game tactics are often based in baseball especially on the skill of the lock and knowledge of the opponent's indoor game tactics.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

A general tactic can be either risk-averse or offensive tactics.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[36] Risk-shunning tactics are used especially on open pitches where there is a lot of room for breakthroughs and against hard-hit teams.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The outfield is positioned in risk-mapping tactics so that it closes boundaries and nests' backgrounds well.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The goal is to give the opponent as few opportunities as possible for breakthroughs.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

Locker throws around tactics a lot in an effort to disrupt the batsman's concentration.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[36] In more offensive tactics, the team has their own outfield orders for different situations.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

In addition, teams often have their own orders for hitters, designed to force the batsman into difficult solutions.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

In offensive outdoor play, a team may let a slower advancer into an empty field, for example, in which case this forms a “brake” in front of the faster tip runner.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[37] Competitive activity Finland Series system Finland plays baseball at several different league levels.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

Superpesis is the highest serial level in both women and men.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

There are 14 teams in the Men's Superbaseball and 11 teams in the Women's Superbaseball.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The other series levels in order are Ykköspesis, Suomensarja and Provincisarja.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

In addition, SM-series are played in the A, B and C youth, as well as over 35 years of age.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[38] A double set and two local rounds are played in the men's Superbaseball.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

Each team plays a total of 28 matches in the regular season.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

After the regular season, those ranked 7—10 play mini-relegation games using a best-of-three system.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The top six regular season teams and the winners of the mini-relegation series advance to the quarterfinals.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

Their winners qualify for the semi-finals and eventually the final.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The quarterfinals, semi-finals and final are played using a best-of-five system, but a bronze match with a best-of-three.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The final team of the regular season will be relegated to Ykköspesi, the winner of which will in turn rise to Superpesis next season.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[39] In the Women's Superpesis, 22 matches are played per team.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The top eight from the regular season qualify for the quarterfinals, from which advance to the semi-finals and final.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

These matches are played like men using a best-of-five system.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

As there are 11 teams playing from the Women's Superpesis in the 2016 season, the winner of Ykköspesis will go straight, but no one will fall directly from Superpesis.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[40] Statistics in the men's main series have been allocated medals since 1922 [41] and in women since 1931 [42].


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The most successful club in men is Jymy from Sotkamo, which has won 18 championships and finished 25 times overall for medals.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The next most championships are held by Maila-Veikoilla of Lahti (8), Kiri of Jyväskylä (7), Haminan Palloilija (7) and Helsingin Pallonhitji (7).


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

After Jymy, the second highest number of medals is on Vimpel's Vedolla.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

Of its 22 medals, however, only 3 are golden.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[43] Points have been collected in the Men's Championship Series since 1964 and in the Women's Championship Series since 1981.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

Toni Kohonen, who overtook former record man Pasi Pirinen in 2015.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[44] Pirise, on the other hand, has the most punches.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

Top of the all-time tenor statistics are Sami Haapakoski, Jere Dahlström in hitter statistics and Kari Kuusiniemi in home run statistics.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[45] [46] Other countries Pesäpallo has been spread outside Finland, in particular by Finns who have moved abroad from Finland and by foreigners returning from Finland.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

Baseball is played at least in Sweden, Estonia, Japan, Australia, Germany, Austria and Switzerland.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

For example, Australia plays a series with multiple teams.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[47] [48] In India, baseball has spread independently in the 2010s, with players learning the rules from YouTube videos.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

In 2016, India was estimated to already have some thousands of players.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[49] The Pesäpallo World Cup has been organised eight times.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

First held in 1992, when eight teams from Finland, Sweden, Estonia, Germany, Australia and Japan were involved.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[50] The tournament will play sets for men's, women's and mixed teams.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

Finland has won all 21 golds.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The second most successful country is Australia with nine silvers and seven bronze.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[51] The Pesäpallliitto usually collects the national team through an open search, and the best possible Finnish team does not play in the World Cup.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

For example, the 2015 World Cup was played in the middle of the Superpesis season, so Finns playing in the sub-series were included.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[51] Popularity and status in Finland Pesäpallo, as a national game, has maintained its status well in Finland, although internationally the sport has not offered any significant value race victories.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The sport is also part of Finnish sports culture and was previously considered to have even served as a national unifier.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

There is also a strong sense of locality associated with baseball, as it is typically a very provincial species.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[52] Pesäpallo is one of the most practiced sports in Finland.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

According to a statistic conducted by Kihu, the Centre for the Study of Racing and Excellence Sports, there were more than 16000 licence players in baseball in 2010.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

License athletes outnumbered only football, hockey, floorball, and athletics.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The total number of Pesäpallo enthusiasts was around 52000 in 2010.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

In the 2000s, the number of license players in baseball has been on a slight increase, although the number of total enthusiasts has dropped.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[53] According to the National Baseball Association's own statistics, there were more than 15700 baseball players in Finland in 2014.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[54] Pesäpallo professionals are the third highest number of ball sports in Finland after ice hockey and football.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

In 2013, there were 96 professional baseball players.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[55] Based on a 2014 survey of top baseball players by the Pesäpallo Players' Association, approximately 10% of men's main league players were full professional.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

Thirty per cent of players studied alongside playing and 60 per cent did other jobs.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

About 15 per cent of players made more than €30000 during the season.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

In turn, 90% of the athletes played only with expenses and the annual earnings were between 5000 and 10000 euros.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[56] Pesäpallo's main series ratings are the third highest in Finland.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

Based on statistics from 2011, only ice hockey's SM-liiga and football's Veikkausliiga gather more audiences.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

In addition to the SM-liiga, Veikkausliiga and Superpesis, only Mestis, the second highest league level in ice hockey, averages more than 1,000 spectators per match.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[57] Women's Superpesis is the most followed women's sports series in Finland.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[58] According to statistics from the Baseball Federation, the men's Superpesis followed in 2014 by an on-site average of 1481 spectators per match and 536 spectators for Women's Superpesis.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[59] History Background The first entries worldwide of ball batting games using vertical pitching like baseball can be found in 13th century Egypt.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

In Finland, ball batting games became beached in the 16th—18th century.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

However, a more precise date is unknown.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

As ball-batting games became more common, the course of play and rules were applied in different directions and dozens of different ball games were practiced in Finland in the 19th century.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[60] The first ball games and ball-batting competitions were mainly recreational activities rather than competitive activities.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The most famous of the old games is kingball, the first rules of which in Finnish were published by Ivar Wilskman in 1903.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

[61] The species received a pattern of its related species from the Swedish långboll, the German schlagball and the Russian lapta.


Question: How many districts had a patronage organization?

Baseball

The first official Kingball match was played in Oulu in 1901.