Question: In what decade did William I Oranian have lived in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

[100] Paradigms Capitalism Industrialization was the starting shot of modern capitalism and its development caused a huge increase in wealth and productive capacity.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian have lived in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

Adam Smith's work The Wealth of Nations (The Wealth of Nations) can be regarded as the foundation of the theory of industrialising capitalism.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian have lived in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

[101] The characteristics of the capitalist economic system include free enterprise, private finance, and free market competition.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian have lived in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

[102] In 18th-century England, a great revolution secured private ownership and financing.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian have lived in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

Securities trading became more legal with the establishment of the London Stock Exchange in 1801.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian have lived in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

The growing industry needed new forms for the organization of its activities and such a limited liability company was formed.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian have lived in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

[103] Limited liability companies were made subject to special permission of Parliament in the Bubble act of 1720 and Parliament issued permits very cautiously.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian have lived in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

[103] In the early 19th century, this law began to prevent the collection of capital needed by industrialization and was repealed in 1825.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian have lived in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

[103] Legislation concerning limited liability companies developed throughout the 19th century.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian have lived in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

[103] The limited liability company was made a legal entity, allowing it to be sued.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian have lived in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

[103] The limitation of shareholders' financial liability to the value of shares was also essential since the middle of the 19th century.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian have lived in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

[103] In Europe came into force in the early 19th century through the Napoleonic conquests, the Code Napoléon Act, which recognized private property and contract law.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian have lived in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

It stated that the loan could be granted against interest.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian have lived in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

[104] The Act also repealed taxes imposed by the old regime, abolished internal duties and abolished the trade union, as well as exempting industrial activities.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian have lived in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

[104] The market economy took long steps.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian have lived in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

[104] Factors of production such as capital and labour markets also developed.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian have lived in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

[104] The market took over the sector in terms of sharing all kinds, both nationally and internationally.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian have lived in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

[104] In Europe and the United States, corporate forms evolved according to the English prequel.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian have lived in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

[103] In the United States, condominiums enabled infrastructure development, such as the construction of canals and railroads.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian have lived in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

[105] Railway companies were granted the right of expropriation, which accelerated the construction of the lines.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian have lived in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

[105] American railroad companies cleared the way for the development of high-production organizations.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian have lived in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

[105] In the United States, banks were also early on allowed to operate as nationwide enterprises.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian have lived in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

[105] At the turn of the 20th century, from large countries only in Russia and the Ottoman Empire, the establishment of limited liability companies was subject to state permission.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian have lived in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

[105] In the early 19th century, trade was much regulated according to mercantilism, with the aim being to favour domestic production, trade and shipping.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian have lived in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

[106] After the Napoleonic Wars, views in support of free trade began to occur in England and these spread to other countries.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian have lived in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

[106] The decisive struggle for free trade was related to grain laws.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian have lived in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

[106] Among the leading economists of the time, Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo participated in the controversy.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian have lived in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

[106] Malthus advocated grain laws because he felt the removal of grain tariffs would lead to an increase in capitalists' profit, resulting in over-investment and underconsumption.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian have lived in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

Ricardo felt that artificially raising the prices of agricultural products by tariffs would increase the price of land and a greater share of workers' money would go to food, again slowing industrial development.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian have lived in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

[106] The grain dispute became a struggle between the old agrarian and the new industrialised England.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian have lived in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

[106] As the dispute escalated, industrial capitalists and urban laborers merged into the “Anti-Corn Law League” movement in the 1830s.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian have lived in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

[106] In Parliament, however, the landowners succeeded in rejecting the initiative.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian have lived in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

[106] It was not until the Great Irish Famine of 1845—1852 that led to the liberalisation of grain imports in 1846.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian have lived in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

[106] Within a few years trade was increasingly liberalised, leading to the specialisation of English industry.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian have lived in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

[106] The sailing rule, which restricted the operation of non-English ships in British ports, was abolished in 1849.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian have lived in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

[106] A trade treaty was concluded between France and England in 1860.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian have lived in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

[106] In the 1860s, free trade was expanded to include colonies and other countries gaining the right to trade freely in food, raw materials and simple industrial goods, both in England and its colonies.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian have lived in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

[106] In this case, the English industry was so superior that it had little competition to fear.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian have lived in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

[106] Karl Marx Karl Marx (1818-1883) and Friedrich Engels published the Communist Manifesto in Europe's mad year of 1848, which had a turning impact on the history of the labour movement.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian have lived in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

[107] It established a revolutionary trend among the working people, questioning the principles of capitalist economics.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian have lived in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

[107] Marxist economics is an economic theory which, at its most advanced, describes capitalism.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian have lived in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

[108] Marxism Marx saw that the process of industrialization was a logical, dialectical consequence of a feudalistic economic model.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian have lived in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

[108] According to the materialist conception of history he devised, this was inevitable for the full development of capitalism, which again represented an important stage before socialism and finally communism.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian live in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

[108] According to Marx, industrialization divides society into two categories — the bourgeoisie who own the means of production (factories, land and so on), and the working class, which does the real work, producing value by means of production.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian live in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

Marx saw the relationship between the two classes as fundamentally parasitic, because the working class always received too little compensation for their work relative to the actual value of the work they did.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian live in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

Thus, the wealth of the bourgeoisie was able to accumulate absurd measures by exploiting workers.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian live in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

In the early stages of industrialization, as a result of rapid changes in technology, many knowledgeable laborers were left unemployed as work in agriculture and other production one after another was mechanized.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian live in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

The exodus of millions of newly unemployed people from land or small towns to major growth centres led to unprecedented poverty, slumming and housing crowding, as well as all the social problems associated with this.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian live in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

At the same time, compared to the working class, a negligibly small bourgeoisie class prospered to unprecedented dimensions.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian live in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

According to Marxism developed by Marx, the class formed by industrial labour eventually develops a class consciousness and rises in revolt against the bourgeoisie.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian live in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

Development proceeds jumpwise through power revolutions.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian live in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

[108] This process eventually leads to a more egalitarian socialist and ultimately communist state, with the laborers themselves owning their means of production.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian live in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

Subsequent waves of industrialization since the Industrial Revolution that began in Britain, development has continued practically non-stop and one can talk about the industrial era.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian live in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

Industrialisation, which began just over 200 years ago, has become global and has accelerated from time to time into new waves of faster development.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian live in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

The goal of economic history is to find out what have been the factors that have contributed to growth.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian live in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

[109] Second Industrial Revolution The insatiable need for sustainable railway rails led to the development of cheap mass-produced steel.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian live in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

Steel is often regarded as the first of several new areas of mass production that is said to have marked the so-called Second Industrial Revolution, which began around 1870.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian live in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

This second wave of industrial subversion evolved at a minimum to encompass the chemical industry, oil refining and distribution, power generation, and, in the 20th century, the automotive industry.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian live in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

In global political terms, it also led to the shift of technological leadership from Britain to the United States and Germany.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian live in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

[110] A new feature of the Second Industrial Revolution was the powerful role of science in the development of technology.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian live in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

[111] Harnessing the hydropower of the Alps allowed coal shortages to industrialize northern Italy until the 1890s.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian live in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

The increasing supply of petroleum products also reduced the importance of coal for industrialization.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian live in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

By the 1890s, industrialization also created the first giant large corporations whose range of operations was often global.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian live in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

Among these were, for example, U.S.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian live in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

Steel, General Electric and Bayer.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian live in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

Third Industrial Revolution The Third Industrial Revolution refers to the development in economic history that began in the late 20th century, in which industry expanded in the Pacific, starting in Japan and the West Coast of the United States and transforming into the rapid industrialization of China and its surroundings and as a competition with the atlantic economy.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian live in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

[2] The main technological innovation driving change is the microcircuit.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian live in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

[112] See also Industrialization Industrial Society Factory History of Technology — Tidal wave of mechanization Post-industrial society The Great Transformation (book) Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Bryson, Bill| title = In!


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian live in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

A short history of almost everything at home| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2011| version = (At Home: A Short History of Private Life, 2010.)


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian live in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

Translated by Laura Beck and Tarja Kontro| isbn = 978-951-0-36967-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ihalainen, Pasi (ed.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian live in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

) | title = Britain.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian live in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

History of European relations in the island kingdom | location = Jyväskylä | publisher = Atena| year = 2002| isbn = 951-796-268-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kero, Reino & Kujanen, Hannu (ed.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian live in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

) | title = From Stone Axe to Information Technology.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian live in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

Social history of technology from the Stone Age to the present day | location = Turku| publisher = Department of History of the University of Turku | year = 1989| isbn = 951-880-296-3}} Laurila, Erkki: Technology and Economy.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian live in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

In Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Little Giant| location = Porvoo Helsinki Juva| publisher = WSOY| year = 1985| isbn = 951-0-12416-8| page = 537—547}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Leppälä, Kari| title = Tar Burning Innovation Economy | location = Helsinki| publisher = Key| year = 2012| isbn = 978-951-692-983-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Schön, Lennart| title = World Economic History.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian live in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

Industrial time| location = Tampere| publisher = Equipoino| year = 2013| version = (Vår världs economiska history.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian live in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

Del 2, Den industriella tiden, 2010.)


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian live in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

Translated by Paula Autio | isbn = 978-951-768-380-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Thompson, E. P.| title = Lords Power and Culture: Power, Culture and Heritage in 18th and 19th Century England| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 1996| version = Translated by Tuomas M.


Question: In what decade did William I Oranian live in the Netherlands?

Industrial Revolution

S. Lehtonen| isbn = 951-662-668-8}} References Category:New Age Category:History of the United Kingdom Category:History of Technology Category:Industrial History Category:Key articles in screening


Question: What is the name of Amedeo Modigliani's common-law wife in the movie From Eli's Day to Day?

I lived from day to day

From Eli's Day to Day (, also Montparnasse 19,) is a black-and-white film premiered in 1958 about the brilliant but self-effacing artist Amedeo Modigliani and his cohabitate wife Jeanne Hébuterne's ill-fated life alongside her husband.


Question: What is the name of Amedeo Modigliani's common-law wife in the movie From Eli's Day to Day?

I lived from day to day

The film is directed by Jacques Becker and starring Gérard Philipe and Anouk Aimée.


Question: What is the name of Amedeo Modigliani's common-law wife in the movie From Eli's Day to Day?

I lived from day to day

Plot Modigliani, nicknamed “Modi,” is an artist living a bohemian life in Paris who is highly regarded by other artists but who can't get his works sold.


Question: What is the name of Amedeo Modigliani's common-law wife in the movie From Eli's Day to Day?

I lived from day to day

He meets young and attractive art student Jeanne Hébuterne, whose parents disapprove of Modigliani, who smokes and consumes a lot of alcohol despite his poor health.


Question: What is the name of Amedeo Modigliani's common-law wife in the movie From Eli's Day to Day?

I lived from day to day

Modigliani's friends, who include art dealer Léopold Zborowski with his wife Hanka, worry about him and send him to Nice to recuperate.


Question: What is the name of Amedeo Modigliani's common-law wife in the movie From Eli's Day to Day?

I lived from day to day

Jeanne Hébuterne runs away from her parents to stay with Modigliani, after which the couple stays together until the end.


Question: What is the name of Amedeo Modigliani's common-law wife in the movie From Eli's Day to Day?

I lived from day to day

After Modi's return to Paris, the Zborowskis are organising a solo exhibition for him at a prestigious gallery.


Question: What is the name of Amedeo Modigliani's common-law wife in the movie From Eli's Day to Day?

I lived from day to day

Although the exhibition is popular, Modi's works are not traded.


Question: What is the name of Amedeo Modigliani's common-law wife in the movie From Eli's Day to Day?

I lived from day to day

A nude painting in the window of the showroom also provokes an outcry.


Question: What is the name of Amedeo Modigliani's common-law wife in the movie From Eli's Day to Day?

I lived from day to day

Modi arouses the interest of cynical art dealer Morel, but Morel refuses to buy his work, as he believes that Modigliani will die soon, causing his works to truly rise in value.


Question: What is the name of Amedeo Modigliani's common-law wife in the movie From Eli's Day to Day?

I lived from day to day

The Zborowskis find an interested client for Modigliani in the United States, but the US would like to market the works, exploiting the blueness of Jeanne's eyes, prompting Modi to disdainfully turn his back on the trade.


Question: What is the name of Amedeo Modigliani's common-law wife in the movie From Eli's Day to Day?

I lived from day to day

Modigliani is depressed because his works do not go into trade and his health is deteriorating.


Question: What is the name of Amedeo Modigliani's common-law wife in the movie From Eli's Day to Day?

I lived from day to day

He tries to sell his drawings on the street and in cafes for a few francs.


Question: What is the name of Amedeo Modigliani's common-law wife in the movie From Eli's Day to Day?

I lived from day to day

He finally implodes in the street and is taken to the hospital where he dies.


Question: What is the name of Amedeo Modigliani's common-law wife in the movie From Eli's Day to Day?

I lived from day to day

Art dealer Morel hurries to Modi and Jeanne's apartment, and buys all of Modigliani's paintings at mock prices from Jeanne, unaware of his death.


Question: What is the name of Amedeo Modigliani's common-law wife in the movie From Eli's Day to Day?

I lived from day to day

In Roles Themes The film relies on the artist myth and makes Modigliani a conflicted, difficult and alcoholized artist character who is struggling with reality.


Question: What is the name of Amedeo Modigliani's cohabiting wife in the movie From Eli's Day to Day?

I lived from day to day

A counterbalance to Modigliani's brilliance and source of problems are alcohol and drugs.


Question: What is the name of Amedeo Modigliani's cohabiting wife in the movie From Eli's Day to Day?

I lived from day to day

In his relationships, Modigliani is presented as hypersensitive, fierce and tyrannical, while the women and muses around him, such as the English critic Beatrice Hastings and Jeanne Hebuterne, are presented, to the point of patheticism, as clingers and nurturers devoted to Modigliani.


Question: What is the name of Amedeo Modigliani's cohabiting wife in the movie From Eli's Day to Day?

I lived from day to day

[1] One of the truer themes deals with the moral dilemma created by the posthumous rise in value of Modigliani's art.


Question: What is the name of Amedeo Modigliani's cohabiting wife in the movie From Eli's Day to Day?

I lived from day to day

Also, in reality, he was not allowed to enjoy success during his life, but died poor and sick.


Question: What is the name of Amedeo Modigliani's cohabiting wife in the movie From Eli's Day to Day?

I lived from day to day

In addition, Jeanne Hebuterne killed herself two days after Modigliani's death.


Question: What is the name of Amedeo Modigliani's cohabiting wife in the movie From Eli's Day to Day?

I lived from day to day

The tragicity of the events brought Modigliani to the consciousness of the general public, causing art dealers to become interested in buying his works and they began to rise to their current value.


Question: What is the name of Amedeo Modigliani's cohabiting wife in the movie From Eli's Day to Day?

I lived from day to day

In the film, the art dealer Morel is presented as a scavenger who consciously and coldly ruthlessly lurks around a weakening Modigliani to profit from his death.


Question: What is the name of Amedeo Modigliani's cohabiting wife in the movie From Eli's Day to Day?

I lived from day to day

[1] Making a film The film was shot in Paris and Nice from August 19 to October 25, 1957.


Question: What is the name of Amedeo Modigliani's cohabiting wife in the movie From Eli's Day to Day?

I lived from day to day

[2] Its first director was Max Ophüls, who nevertheless fell ill.


Question: What is the name of Amedeo Modigliani's cohabiting wife in the movie From Eli's Day to Day?

I lived from day to day

Ophüls chose his friend and colleague Jacques Becker, who was a different director in style, as his successor.


Question: What is the name of Amedeo Modigliani's cohabiting wife in the movie From Eli's Day to Day?

I lived from day to day

Like many new wave directors, Becker was interested in portraying the fates of ordinary people.


Question: What is the name of Amedeo Modigliani's cohabiting wife in the movie From Eli's Day to Day?

I lived from day to day

Becker had already directed some color films, but decided to shoot the film on black-and-white film.


Question: What is the name of Amedeo Modigliani's cohabiting wife in the movie From Eli's Day to Day?

I lived from day to day

The choice was a stylistic efficacy that reinforced the film's inconsolable theme.


Question: What is the name of Amedeo Modigliani's cohabiting wife in the movie From Eli's Day to Day?

I lived from day to day

[1] Max Ophüls died in the spring of 1957 and Becker dedicated the film to his memory.


Question: What is the name of Amedeo Modigliani's cohabiting wife in the movie From Eli's Day to Day?

I lived from day to day

[3] Also read Modigliani, a film completed in 2004.


Question: What is the name of Amedeo Modigliani's cohabiting wife in the movie From Eli's Day to Day?

I lived from day to day

Sources Category:French Movies


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the internet protocol (TCP/IP) to connect more than one billion different IT devices to each other.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

It is a computer network of information networks of various sizes of millions of private, public, academic, business, and state governments that interconnect with each other by means of various technical hardware (e.g., wireless and optical network technologies).


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

The Internet has a wide range of different data pools and services, such as web pages, email, telephone services, online games and peer-to-peer networks used for file sharing.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

The “Internet” designation began to be used in the 1970s when the ARPANET data network, which was established in the 1960s, was also introduced on the university side.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

The information networks of Finnish universities were connected to the Internet in 1988.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

Private Internet connections began to be sold in homes starting in 1993 and by the entry into the 21st century, the Internet had supplanted most forms of communication used in the past, such as BBS (“jars”) and national information networks (TeleSampo and Infotel in Finland).


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

As the Internet entered homes, the World Wide Web (Web sites, or websites) gave face to the Internet as a graphical user interface with not only text but also images.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

In the second half of the 2000 decade, smartphones that became common brought the Internet to cellphones.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

The development of the Internet emerges in the 1960s for the needs of the United States Department of Defense for the Internet base was created in the 1960s in the United States, with the Department of Defense launching funding for the construction of the ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

A widespread perception has been that the purpose of the project was to create a decentralized, nuclear-attack resistant communication system.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

[1] If the data network had been centralised, it would have been degraded when the centre was destroyed.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

For example, the History of the Internet, compiled by the Internet Society, disputes this interpretation, saying that the purpose was simply to create a military information network that would be able to more efficiently distribute resources for use between different actors in the network.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

[2] As one of the key solutions to the development of the Internet, the researcher community developed a packet switched information network based on nodes in which all nodes were equally matched and no entity needed to maintain a mainframe with high resources.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

Each node received and forwarded messages independently.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

This solution was sought because the challenge of early cyber technology was that large packages could clog up other telecommunications for up to days.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

Related to this, the messages were decrypted into smaller packets, which were only compiled into whole messages once they were there.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

The route of passage of the parcels didn't matter.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

They just moved from one node to another until they reached their goal.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

The solution allowed each packet to move in roughly the same size parts, and the larger packets would no longer clog the computer network for hours and likewise, even if a large number of nodes in the network went out of order, the packets would still be able to get there through something else.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

The first users of the ARPANET data network were universities and research institutes, along with the Armed Forces.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

In the 1970s and 1980s, in addition to ARPANET, numerous other computer networks were established and the Armed Forces Information Network erkani from the ARPANET data network into its own Milnet data network.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

As ARPANET became more widely spread into academic use, it first began to be referred to as the “Internet” to refer to the whole set of data networks connected together.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

By the late 1970s, the Internet consisted of approximately 60 server machines across the United States.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

In addition to this, the country had smaller networks (most famously the University of Michigan network) that were used for the same things.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

It could still take more than a day to send the email through the US due to slow telecommunications technology.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

Internet in the 1980s: Emails, newsgroups, file transfer, games, IRC Companies joined in after college and were particularly interested in email and file transfer services.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

In addition to these activities, newsgroups were central to the Internet of the 1980s, where users exchanged their writings on different topics and already at that time multiplayer games that worked online were also played.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

Real-time multi-person conversation channels began to become more common with the advent of the IRC protocol starting in 1988.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

Since the Internet seemed too slow, the NSF (National Science Foundation) project began in 1985 to create a faster network (which was part of the Internet).


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

The intention was to get more users to supercomputers, which would have become expensive to build at every university.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

NSFNet, meanwhile, was the first network connecting all universities conducting research in the United States.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

Previous Internet-connected networks had been reserved for more borderline projects.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

In the absence of enough public funding, which had slowed down the development of computer networks in the United States starting in the 1970s, the project turned to IBM and MCI, of which the former supplied the network's equipment and software with respect to routers and the latter took care of from the hardware of actual network users.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

NSFNet operated from 1988 until 1995, when the United States Congress decided that the Internet was commercial and did not need public support.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

However, the project had succeeded in overhauling the infrastructure of the Internet in the United States by that time.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

In November 1988 Nordic NordUnet and at the same time Funet of Finnish higher education institutions were connected to the von Neumann Supercomputer Center at Princeton University (New Jersey), which in turn was involved in the Internet-connected NSFNET.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

This is how Finland joined the Internet along with other Nordic countries.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

In the 1980s, Funet remained the only way to access the Internet in Finland.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

This was also substantially related to the 1988 erection of Funet's own telecommunications network, using the Cisco company routers that came on the market in the same year.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

They enable a network of data based on many different communication protocols, with data moving in different directions along the same bus.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

The old X.25 protocol thus went down in history.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

A similar transition was also carried out at NordUnet level in the same year.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

[3] Fi. The domain terminal was registered in Finland as early as 1986, two years before the actual accession to the Internet.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

Prior to actual home Internet connections, it was possible to access the Internet from home either by calling a modem to your university's line or by using a modem (or a separate Minitel terminal) using the national computer networks, TeleSammo and Internet services provided by Infotel.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

However, such use of the Internet remained quite a marginal phenomenon.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

However, via TeleSammo, it was possible, for example, to play multiplayer games such as Air Warrior over the Internet.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

1990s: The Internet enters homes, the genesis and breakthrough of the Web, internet hype and the IT bubble in the 1990s, the Internet was monetized and passed over to major carriers.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

After that, it began to spread for use by the mainstream population as well.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

Fast communication connections, easy-to-use graphical user interfaces and new services began to attract private users to experiment with the possibilities offered by the Internet.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

Before websites and browsers became widespread, the gopher protocol that arranged text pages in the early 1990s served as an intermediate step.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

The Web's generalization was slowed, for example, by the slow loading of images by the web technology of that time.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

The website's original purpose was to organize physicists' research databases for better use, but the potential of the WWW later proved to be decidedly wider.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

Developed at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (1993, later “Netscape”) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the MOSAIC browser (1993, later “Netscape”) was a program to popularize the use of the WWW.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

In Finland, the wider spread of the Internet for domestic use began in 1993 when eUNet Finland started providing Internet access to businesses and households.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

[4] In the same year, connections also began to be offered by Tele (now.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

Telia) and HPY (now.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

Elisa).


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

It wasn't until around the mid-1990s that most average citizens outside universities began to hear about the Internet.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

The increasing prevalence of Internet use caused enthusiasm in the media, and beginning in the mid-1990s, there was lofty talk of issues such as “information highway”, “internet surfing” and “interactivity” (interactive services).


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

Around this time, many primary schools were already brought online.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

Internet hype was also linked as a phenomenon to the IT bubble of the late 1990s, when the Internet, along with mobile technology, generated unrealistic earnings expectations in investors.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

Towards the end of the decade, modem traffic using dial-up switched to Internet services [4].


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

The BBS culture that preceded the Internet age began at the latest with the increasing prevalence of high-speed broadband Internet connections around 2000.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

Initially, the popularity of non-Internet national data networks (which, although later also offered Internet services to their users), collapsed even earlier, when, for example, the use of online banking switched to the Internet.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

2000s: social media, smartphones In the early 2000s, the IT bubble burst, but soon began to lay the groundwork for the next regionalization of the Internet, as more and more smartphones with Internet access began to enter the market, which eventually in the late years of the 00-decade began to start replace older cellphones.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

Smartphones not only increased the use of the Internet as a means of communication especially its use for everyday things like map services.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

In the early 2000s, blogs began to replace the “homepages” that surfaced in the early days of the web.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

In the 2000 decade, social media began to be talked about as well, as “web 2.0" services such as Facebook and Twitter increased the amount of Internet communication performed by average citizens.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

With the advent of Facebook in the late years of the 21st century, the Internet really began to become a place where ordinary citizens multilaterally kept in touch with their acquaintances and relatives, sharing their photos, videos and other material.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

Technically this would have been possible before, but the ease and convenience of using Facebook and its ilk attracted hundreds of millions of new users.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

Even earlier, the Internet had shaped social discourse, but with the advent of social media, the question of the influence of the Internet on politics, for example, re-emerged.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

2010s: leak sites, privacy, cyberwar, internet of things In 2010, the WikiLeaks website caused political storms with its data leaks revealing, for example, secret US diplomatic documents.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

Questions of privacy and online espionage made real news headlines no later than 2013 with the Edward Snowden revelations.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

In this case, it became apparent how widely the US authorities pry information about private citizens through online services.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

Cyber attacks, which were already talked about before, have also gained increasing attention in the 21st century as different states have carried out attacks on each other's web servers, often seeking to export state secrets or cause other disruption.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

Connecting various consumer electronics and industrial devices to the Internet gave rise to the concept of the Internet of Things.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

In the public eye, for example, DDoS attacks, which had used objects as a means of attack, as well as internet-connected toys through which hackers could eavesdrop on children.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

Technologies TCP/IP are based on the idea that communication over the entire network scope occurs using similar data sources, IP packets.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

Connections between sender and recipient affect only terminals, similarly, the interpretation of the contents of packets occurs solely on terminals.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

The telecommunications network itself transfers only one type of packets.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

The route used by each package may be different.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

The packet network does not know or care whether the package contains a piece of speech, email, or a multimedia document.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

The development of Internet technologies takes place mainly in various working groups within the IETF organization, which operate on the principles of openness and transparency.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

All Internet standards and policies are published as RFC (Request for Comments).


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

Internet Uses Private Individuals The use of the internet for conversations has been popular since its inception.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

The oldest ways are email, newsgroups, and mailing lists used by email.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

With the advent of Web pages, chats and discussion areas became more common, partly as replacements for IRC and newsgroups.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

Today, the Internet is also used for instant messaging, Internet phone calls, and video conferencing connections.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

In terms of information retrieval, the increasing prevalence of the Internet has meant a revolution.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

Before, information had to be collected laboriously from various entities, such as archives, separate databases or specialised libraries.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

Now search engines provide quick and easy access to the world's largest database.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

However, it is good to bear in mind that much of the information is still beyond the reach of computer networks.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

The Internet is also used for file sharing, before commonly via Anonymous FTP.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

Today filesharing is usually done via the Web and peer-to-peer networks.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

For example, the division includes a variety of writings, music, software and films.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

You can upload files to themselves or give files for others to download.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

Much of the material circulating on peer-to-peer networks is illegally distributed, but they are also commonly used to distribute material that is freely distributed.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

File sharing traffic accounts for the vast majority of total internet traffic.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

Companies Internet has also contributed significantly to the electrification of commerce, especially in consumer trade (e-commerce).


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

Among Internet marketplaces, the biggest ones like Amazon and eBay dominate mass merchandise sales.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

On the other hand, small specialist areas have also been able to find customers via the Internet.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

Online advertising grew rapidly in the 1990s and 2000s and in 2013, more money was spent on online advertising for the first time in the United States than on television advertising.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

€31 billion was spent on online advertising and 29 billion euros on television advertising.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

[5] States and public entities Electronic services have enabled the real-time receipt and electronic processing of various permits and applications for public services in the States.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

This allows the automation of processes and the transfer of work from human handlers to computers.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

In Finland, electronic services are available for example for filing a crime report, applying for income support or student aid and filing tax returns.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

On the other hand, the internet is also used for large-scale data collection and prying by state intelligence organizations.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

So far, the widest uncovered case is the decades-long prying of citizens and politicians by the US National Intelligence Service, revealed by the information leaker Edward Snowden who defected to Russia.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

As a result of prying, discussions began to take place in some countries affected by espionage to protect against prying.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

In Germany, the chancellor proposed the European Union's “own internal internet” and Brazil began preparing its own email system.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

Internet problems The collapse of the Internet has sometimes been predicted due to very serious security problems (for example, spam, viruses, malware and spyware, and security flaws in the software in use).


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

[6] One improvement project is the US-based Internet2.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

On the other hand, it has been suggested that replacing the internet would be so burdensome that more likely is an increase in the use of business-to-business and closed services, as well as data protection methods and encryption.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

[7] In order to prevent crashes, efforts have been made to distribute Internet root servers to a total of 22 locations around the world.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

According to computer security expert Mikko Hyppönen, theoretically, bomb attacks on these places could bring down the Internet.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

He thinks it would be tricky to find a motive for such a terrorist attack, as few would benefit from taking down the Internet.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

[8] Many parents are very concerned about the internet use of children and young people.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

The Internet chat room is a very common concept and gives parents a headache because you don't necessarily know who you're really chatting with online.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

A social addiction can arise to internet use, where real-world activities and real interpersonal relationships are replaced by virtual ones.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

The denomination internet originated from the French Cyclades packet switching computer network [9] when they set their communication to other computer networks and consequently the term inter-net arose, consisting of two English words inter and net, which in direct translation would be between networks, which is used when data networks are connected to each other.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

There is one common information network in the world, the Internet or the internet.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

The name was previously spelled with a capital initial, following the erisnaming rule.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

However, at its meeting in 2007, the Finnish Language Board decided that both options are acceptable in Finnish.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

One can see a difference in meaning between the two ways of writing: When the Internet is written with a capital letter, its meaning as the name of a global information network is emphasized.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

With a lowercase initial, it is more of a means of communication, such as television, radio or telephone network.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

[10] In the style of extreme documentation, for example in legislative text, the terms general information network [11] or international information network [12] or only information network are used from the Internet.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

In its true meaning, internet as a word refers to the transfer of information between networks between different types of subnets or a network assembled from different types of subnets.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

In the word internet protocol (IP) “internet” is written with a lowercase initial, since IP is a common cross-network protocol that, along with the Internet, is used in other networks.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

See also Alexa Internet Internet Phenomenon Software Warfare TCP/IP Network Service Extranet Information Architecture Intranet Web Content Management Website Xanadu Project Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Carr, Nicholas| title = Superficial: What the internet is doing to our brain| location = Helsinki| publisher = Terra cognita| year = 2010| version=( The shallows: What the internet is doing to our brains, 2010.)


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

Translated by Antti Pietiläinen| id = ISBN 978-952-5697-38-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Goldsmith, Jack — Wu, Tim| title = Who Controls the Internet?


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

Illusions of a Borderless Wodls| location = Oxford| publisher = Oxford University Press| year = 2008| isbn = 978-0-19-534064-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Haasio, Ari| title = Dark Side of the Net | location = Helsinki| publisher = Finnish Literature | year = 2013 | id = ISBN 978-952-222-391-3}} Matikainen, Janne — Laaksonen, Salla — Tikka, Minttu (ed.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

): Web and social media research methods.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

Equipoise.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

in 2013.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Saarikoski, Petri etc.| title= Funet to Facebook: Internet cultural history| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 2009| id = ISBN 978-952-495-123-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Internal, Seppo| title = Internet in your pocket: For mobile electronic society| publisher = Infor| year = 2004| id = ISBN 978-952-5123-57-9}} On topic elsewhere. Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

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Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

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Question: Who has created the internet?

Internet

entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy * Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: Where was Markku Juhani Mäki born?

Markku Mäki

Markku Juhani Mäki (born 17 March 1947 in Kotka) is a Finnish specialist in pediatrics and emeritus professor of pediatrics at the University of Tampere.


Question: Where was Markku Juhani Mäki born?

Markku Mäki

He is a prolific researcher known as one of the world's leading celiac researchers.


Question: Where was Markku Juhani Mäki born?

Markku Mäki

[1] [2] [3] Population screening studies show that celiac disease occurs in Finland in 1.5% of children and up to 2.7% of elderly people.


Question: Where was Markku Juhani Mäki born?

Markku Mäki

The incidence of the disease increases with age.


Question: Where was Markku Juhani Mäki born?

Markku Mäki

The majority (about 3/4 in 2010) of celiac disease are undiagnosed, i.e. do not know about their disease and receive treatment for it, as the majority of cases are latent and symptoms are often mild and atypical.


Question: Where was Markku Juhani Mäki born?

Markku Mäki

[4] Mäki matriculated from the Swedish classical lyceum of Turku (1966).


Question: Where was Markku Juhani Mäki born?

Markku Mäki

He studied at the University of Turku, graduating as a doctor in 1973 and a further doctorate in medicine and surgery in 1982.


Question: Where was Markku Juhani Mäki born?

Markku Mäki

[1] His article thesis in English (1982) dealt with diarrhea in children with its causes.


Question: Where was Markku Juhani Mäki born?

Markku Mäki

The work was titled Acute diarrhoea in children.


Question: Where was Markku Juhani Mäki born?

Markku Mäki

[5] Mäki received the qualification of a specialist in pediatrics in 1979.


Question: Where was Markku Juhani Mäki born?

Markku Mäki

[1] Mäki worked as Acting Chief Medical Officer of the Paediatrics Department of the Central Hospital Åland Islands 1973—1974 and as a medical centre doctor in Godby 1974—1975.


Question: Where was Markku Juhani Mäki born?

Markku Mäki

He was then an assistant physician in the pediatrics department at Tampere Central Hospital (1975—1979), assistant teacher of pediatrics at Tampere University 1980—1984, and adjunct professor from 1984—.


Question: Where was Markku Juhani Mäki born?

Markku Mäki

Mäki served as Deputy Chief Medical Officer of Tampere University Hospital (Tayks/Tays) Pediatrics Clinic 1985—1992 and Deputy Chief Medical Officer from 1993— and then Chief Medical Officer.


Question: Where was Markku Juhani Mäki born?

Markku Mäki

He was a Senior Fellow of the Academy of Finland from 1992 to 1995.


Question: Where was Markku Juhani Mäki born?

Markku Mäki

As a part-time professor of pediatrics at the University of Tampere, Mäki was 2000—2001, and a professor from 2001 until his retirement (2015).


Question: Where was Markku Juhani Mäki born?

Markku Mäki

In addition, he has led the Celiac Disease Research Laboratory.


Question: Where was Markku Juhani Mäki born?

Markku Mäki

[1] [6] In addition to his work, Mäki has served as Chairman of the Finnish Association of Celiac Diseases [7] as a member of the board and vice-chairman of the Finnish Pediatrician Association [1], as well as a member of the board of the European Paediatric Gastroenterology Association (ESPGHAN) and secretary general of the association.


Question: Where was Markku Juhani Mäki born?

Markku Mäki

[8] [9] He has been awarded a number of domestic and international recognitions.


Question: Where was Markku Juhani Mäki born?

Markku Mäki

Mäki has been a member of the Finnish Academy of Sciences since 2005.


Question: Where was Markku Juhani Mäki born?

Markku Mäki

[10] He received the Maud Kuistila Prize in 2000, [8] and the 2006 Celiac Society Recognition Award for Celiac Research.


Question: Where was Markku Juhani Mäki born?

Markku Mäki

Based on Mäki's studies, a screening test for celiac disease has been established, from which a Finnish biotech company developed a rapid test.


Question: Where was Markku Juhani Mäki born?

Markku Mäki

[11] In 2009, Mäki was awarded Wm.


Question: Where was Markku Juhani Mäki born?

Markku Mäki

K Warren Jr.


Question: Where was Markku Juhani Mäki born?

Markku Mäki

Prize Award for outstanding contributions to celiac disease research.


Question: Where was Markku Juhani Mäki born?

Markku Mäki

The prize is valued at $25,000 and is presented annually by Wm, based at the University of California.


Question: Where was Markku Juhani Mäki born?

Markku Mäki

K. Warren Medical Research Center for Celiac Disease.


Question: Where was Markku Juhani Mäki born?

Markku Mäki

[7] Mäki was selected as Mark of the Year by the Finnish Markku-federation on 25 April 2010.


Question: Where was Markku Juhani Mäki born?

Markku Mäki

[12] [13] In 2015, the University of Tampere established the International Celiac Disease Tampere Prize (Maki Celiac Disease Tampere Prize) in honour of Professor Mäki, which is awarded in conjunction with the biannual celiac symposium.


Question: Where was Markku Juhani Mäki born?

Markku Mäki

[2] In 2018, Mäki was awarded the ESPGAHN Distinguished Service Award (European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition) [9] and the 2019 Nordic and Finnish Company Medicine Prize.


Question: Where was Markku Juhani Mäki born?

Markku Mäki

[14] Professor Mäki is a prolific researcher who has published more than 400 peer-reviewed scientific articles with his collaborators.


Question: Where was Markku Juhani Mäki born?

Markku Mäki

Of the publications, 300 are related to celiac disease.


Question: Where was Markku Juhani Mäki born?

Markku Mäki

[9] Several of the articles have been published in some of the most prestigious scientific publications in medicine (such as The Lancet, [15] New England Journal of Medicine, [16] BMJ, [17], Nature Genetics, [18] and Plos One [19]).


Question: Where was Markku Juhani Mäki born?

Markku Mäki

He has specifically researched the diagnostics, occurrence, causes, and lineage of celiac disease.


Question: Where was Markku Juhani Mäki born?

Markku Mäki

Among other things, Mäki has developed screening tests for celiac disease and a rapid test for the disease.


Question: Where was Markku Juhani Mäki born?

Markku Mäki

In addition, Mäki's research team has standardized screening tests for celiac disease for European health care.


Question: Where was Markku Juhani Mäki born?

Markku Mäki

[7] Sources Elsewhere Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Where was Markku Juhani Mäki born?

Markku Mäki

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Question: Where was Markku Juhani Mäki born?

Markku Mäki

(google.com) Category:Tampere University professors Category:Finnish professors Category:Finnish doctors Category:Persons born in 1947 Class:Living persons


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

Catastrophism is the theory that there have been sudden upheavals of possibly world-quality on Earth in times past.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

[1] Catastrophism, especially in the past, has often been associated with religious conceptions and creationism, but in the early 19th century the French scholar Georges Cuvier advocated such a theory on purely scientific grounds, without reference to religious doctrines or the Bible.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

According to him, major upheavals had occurred several times, whereby from the area affected by them all plants and animals had died, after which other species had spread to the area from elsewhere.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

Because of this, according to him, in fossil material from different regions of the Earth, the species was found to have sometimes abruptly changed.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

The prevailing paradigm in current geology has long been uniformitarianism, which holds that current Earth forms have arisen under the influence of slow and gradual changes such as erosion.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

According to this view, “the present is the key to the past”, and there have been no natural phenomena different from the present in past times.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

Recently, however, the perception has been reached that, along with slow progress in the geological past, a few major catastrophic upheavals have actually occurred.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

These may have been major sudden floods, sudden formation of large mountain ranges, and asteroid collisions, or impacts.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

History Creationist interpretations of the influence of Christianity in the Western world, even until the 19th century, most scientists believed the biblical creation narrative and narrative of the Flood to be literally true.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

Also known in ancient Greece was the myth of the worldwide flood during the Ogygee period, mentioned in the works of Plutarchus, among others.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

[2] Earth was considered to have formed like the present as a result of repeated disasters in a somewhat short period of time before there was a right-leaning understanding of the length of geologic time.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

In this manner, observations of early geologists were explained through the conception of young Earth creationism.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

Cuvier and natural theology The leading scientific advocate of catastrophism in the early 19th century was French anatomist and paleontologist Georges Cuvier.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

His motive was to explain extinctions and the variety of fauna from different epochs that he and others had observed in fossil material.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

Admittedly, he suggested that the catastrophe that caused the latest major wave of extinction in Eurasia might have been the blanketing of low-lying areas under the sea, but he did not refer to the biblical account of Noah's early deluge.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

[3] Nor did he present divine creation as an explanation for how new species had emerged after extinctions.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

Influenced by the ideas of the Enlightenment period and the French Revolution, Cuvier avoided religious and metaphysical speculation altogether in his scientific writings.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

[4] In Cuvier's understanding, further stratigraphic material showed that there had been several such upheavals, and he considered them to be recurring natural phenomena that have occurred between long stable periods throughout the history of life on Earth.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

From this he came to the notion that Earth was several million years old.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

[5] By contrast, in England, where natural theology had great influence in the 19th century, a group of geologists such as William Buckland and Robert Jameson interpreted Cuvier's results quite differently.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

Jameson translated into English an introduction that Cuvier had written to one of his studies on fossil quadrupeds, in which he addressed his ideas about catastrophic extinctions.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

Jameson published the translation as “Theory of the Earth” and added to it remarks in which he explicitly attributed the most recent upheaval of Cuvier's presumption to the biblical deluge, and the essay he edited had great influence in English-speaking countries [6].


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

Early in his career, Buckland spent much time demonstrating through geological evidence that a deluge had actually occurred.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

He referred several times to Cuvier's studies, although Cuvier had argued that the flood was limited only to a specific geographical area and lasted for long periods of time, while Buckland claimed, in conjunction with the Biblical narrative, that it was global, but short-term flood.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

Later, however, Buckland abandoned flood geology and began to endorse the ice age theory put forward by Louis Agassiz, who had been Cuvier's pupil at some time.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

Influenced by Jameson, Buckland and other proponents of natural theology, the debate over catastrophism took on a religious tone in Britain that it did not have anywhere else to nearly the same extent.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

[7] The rise of uniformitarianism in geology As early as the late 18th century James Hutton, who at times has been referred to as the father of geology, put forward uniformitarianist explanations for the genesis of stratified rock species, and he also explained that the geological period was immensely long.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

Hutton's ideas were further developed by geologist Charles Lyell in the early part of the 19th century and collected observations to support his uniformitarianist theory that Earth features have formed gradually as a result of similar geological processes, which can even today be found to have an effect , but over an exceedingly long period of time.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

Lyell laid out his ideas in his influential three-volume work Principles of Geology, published in the 1830s.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

It challenged theories of sudden geological upheavals put forward by proponents of catastrophism such as Cuvier and Buckland.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

[8] Roughly from 1850 to 1980, most geologists advocated uniformitarianism (“Present is key to the past”) and gradualism (“Geological change occurs slowly over a long period of time”), thus rejecting the idea that catastrophic events like greatly present occurring strong earthquakes, volcanic eruptions or floods would have in no way significantly affected the formation of the earth's surface.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

Instead, they said Earth had evolved to the present as a result of the long-term impact of such phenomena as volcanoes, earthquakes, erosion and stratification.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

In part, the general opinion of geologists stemmed from the impression that the catastrophists of the early 19th century had believed that God had directly brought about the upheavals, thereby ordering the course of the earth's history.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

Some catastrophic theories put forward in the 19th and early 20th centuries were related to religion, and such disasters were regarded as miracles rather than natural phenomena.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

[9] Velikovsky's theories in the 1950s Immanuel Velikovsky put forward catastrophic theories in several of his folk-conscious works.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

[10] According to him, the planet Venus is a former comet that crashed out of Jupiter and passed about 3500 years ago twice, 52 years apart, past Earth at such close range that global natural disasters resulted.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

After that, according to him, it was minimal to collide with Mars, which in turn later almost collided with Earth several times, most recently in 687 BCE, after which it settled into its current orbit.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

Velikovsky tried in this way to explain, among other things, the plagues of Egypt described in the Bible, as well as the case mentioned in the Book of Joshua that “the sun stopped" [11], that is, the rotation motion of the Earth was disturbed, and also the destruction of Atlantis and many events told in Greek mythology.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

Velikovsky's theories were rejected by the scientific community, often in quite stark words.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

[12] Current perception in the paleontological data is evidence that, on a few occasions in Earth's history, large, sudden mass extinctions have occurred, markedly different from continued slow development.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

This is why a theory called neo-catastrophism has emerged, which differs from the general geomorphological way of thinking that assumes only smaller and frequent phenomena.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

[13] Luis Alvarez's collision hypothesis Over the past 25 years, scientifically grounded catastrophism has gained wide acceptance for a few events in the distant past.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

The change in perceptions was prompted by an article published by Walter and Luis Alvarez in 1980.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

It says an asteroid roughly 10 kilometres in diameter collided with Earth about 65 million years ago, at the end of the Cretaceous.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

Under the influence of this collision, or impact, approximately 70% of all species of organisms, among them all dinosaurs, were destroyed, and at the same time a clear interface between the Cretaceous and Paleogene deposits was created.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

The 180-kilometre-diameter Chicxulub crater on the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico, has been considered one candidate for the impact crater then generated since 1980.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

Controversy has been going on since as to whether dinosaur extinctions and other mass extinctions were caused by asteroid collision, extensive volcanic activity occurring at the same time, some other phenomenon, or the combined effect of these.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

Most of the proposed causes are sudden upheavals in nature.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

Observations of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9's collision with Jupiter showed that sudden upheavals occur in nature.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

Comparison to Uniformitarianism One of the most noticeable differences between catastrophism and uniformitarianism is that in order to work uniformitarianism must necessarily require significantly long periods of time, whereas catastrophism is conceivable regardless of the length of time periods.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

Today, most geologists combine catastrophic and uniformitarianist viewpoints.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

The general perception is that Earth's history is generally a slow, gradual narrative, which, however, from time to time has been interrupted by natural catastrophic events affecting Earth and its inhabitants.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

[14] Birth of the Moon Theories have also been put forward that Earth's unusually large Moon was born in sudden cataclysm.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

In a 1975 article they published in the Icarus periodical, William K. Hartmann and Donald R. Davis argued that about 4.5 billion years ago, a large planetesimal nearly collided with Earth, flying around with rock deposits, melting Earth anew and forming the Moon.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

Thus, the lower density of the Moon and the fact that it does not have an iron core was also explained.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

[15] There are a few flaws in this impact theory: some computer simulations suggest that a ring or multiple moons would arise in such an impact, and no elements occur on the Moon in the same proportion as on Earth.


Question: Who developed the catastrophism theory?

Catastrophism

[16] [17] See also Uniformitarianism Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Martin J. S. Rudwick| title = The Meaning of Fossils| location = Chicago| publisher = The University of Chicago Press| year = 1972| id = ISBN 0-226-73103-0}} References On the topic elsewhere “Uniformitarianism and Catastrophism” Category:Geology Category:Creationism Class:Obsolete scientific theories


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

Paavo Matti Väyrynen (born 2 September 1946 in Kemi Rural Municipality) [1] is a Finnish politician who serves as President and MP of the Seven Star Movement he founded.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

In the past, Väyrynen has represented the Centre of Finland and the Civic Party.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

He has served as MP for the Centre Party in 1970—1995, 1999, 2007 to 2011 and 2015, and as an MP for the Seven Star Movement since 2018.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

Väyrynen has been a minister in eight governments.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

As a Member of the European Parliament, he has served from 1995 to 2007 and again from 2014 to 2018.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

[2] He was Minister of Education from 1975 to 1976, Minister of Labour from 1976 to 1977, Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1977 to 1982, 1983 to 1987 and 1991—1993, Deputy Prime Minister from 1983 to 1987, and Minister of Foreign Trade and Development from 2007 to 2011.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

Väyrynen has served as Minister for 5997 days, making him the second longest-serving person in Finland.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

[3] Väyrynen holds a Doctor of Political Science.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

[1] From 1972 to 1980 Väyrynen was vice-president of the centre and from 1980 to 1990 chairman.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

From 2016 to 2017, he was president of the Civic Party he founded.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

Väyrynen was a centrist presidential candidate in 1988, 1994 and 2012, in the 2018 presidential elections he was a candidate through the Electors Association.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

[4] Väyrynen was the honorary president of the centre until 2018.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

[5] Väyrynen was elected in 2017 as a member of the Helsinki City Council from the Christian Democratic candidate list.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

[6] However, in 2018 he started his own Healthy Helsinki delegation group.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

[7] Between 1973 and 1980 and 2005—2017, Väyrynen was a municipal councillor in Keminmaa.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

In April 2018, Väyrynen announced his resignation from the Keskus membership.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

[8] Political career As a youngster, Paavo Väyrynen was born and raised in the rural municipality of Kemi in southwestern Lapland as the son of a farming family.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

After matriculating from the Kemi Coed School in 1965, he studied political sciences at the University of Helsinki, graduating in 1970 with a Bachelor of Arts in Political Science.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

[1] In the late 1960s, Väyrynen worked as a current affairs reporter at Yleisradio.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

[9] Väyrynen was elected to parliament for the first time from the Centre Party list at the age of 23 in the 1970 elections.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

He immediately gained a position as secretary to centrist Prime Minister Ahti Karjalainen in the government that sat between 1970 and 1971, and in 1972 he was elected vice-president of the party.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

At the age of 29, Väyrynen gained his first ministerial seat in 1975 when he was appointed Minister of Education in Martti Miettunen's II government, or so-called Emergency Government.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

Party leader In 1980, Väyrynen was elected chairman of the Centre Party at the Turku Party Conference.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

He defeated his opposing candidate, Johannes Virolainen, who had led the party for 16 years, by a vote of 1737—1611.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

Väyrynen emerged as chairman with the support of young people, but most of those who belonged to the so-called K-line also supported his election.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

The crucial importance was that President Urho Kekkonen supported the change of chairman in the background.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

[10] Väyrynen was 33 years old when he became chairman; in his younger years only Otto Karhi, who had led the Agrarian League, had risen to the leadership of the party.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

In the 1982 presidential election, Väyrynen supported Ahti Karjalaise as the centrist presidential candidate.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

Karjalainen suffered defeat at the Kuopio party convention after losing a reading of 1365—2666 to Johannes Estonian.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

Combating the strengthening position of the SDP as Young Chairman, Väyrynen found himself in a difficult position before all due to the fact that Kekkonen's long presidential term ended only a lavish year after Väyrynen had entered the leadership of the party.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

Social Democrat candidate Mauno Koivisto won the presidential election.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

The Centre Party was badly dispersed after a struggle by Johannes Virolainen and Ahti Karjalainen for presidential candidacy.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

After the presidential election, the Social Democrats considered that they had achieved complete hegemony in Finnish political life, which was reflected in government policies during the 1983—1987 legislature.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

After getting wind of furtive contacts on the axis of the SDP and Coalition, the centrist leadership also sought to intensify contact with the Coalition party leadership in order to achieve at least the same kind of contact that the SDP had.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

[11] At the turn of 1987, Väyrynen entered into a secret letter of intent with the Coalition and RKP Chairmen (the so-called Safe Agreement) which agreed that the three parties would leave to run (with or without the SDP) a centrist-led majority government if they were allowed to more than half of the seats in the new parliament.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

The agreement also agreed that none of the parties would go into government without the other two.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

[12] It was also agreed that an attempt would be made to have Väyry in general bourgeois as Speaker of the Parliament if he was not elected Prime Minister of the new government.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

[12] [13] The industrialists behind the Safe Agreement promised to fund the electoral campaigns of bourgeois parties with larger than usual sums to bring about a bourgeois government.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

[12] However, the Social Democrats had agreed with Harri Holker and a few other coalitionists to form a blue-red government.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

The SDP lost 101000 votes (2.6percentage points of its support) in the 1987 election, but only one assembly seat and remained the largest party despite its electoral defeat.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

[14] The electoral defeat of the SDP was little to render void the agreement with the Coalition.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

However, according to historian Juhani Suomen, Mauno Koivisto suggested that the Coalition could only enter the government in cooperation with the SDP.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

[13] Koivisto appointed Harri Holker, former chairman of the Independent Coalition Party, who, after a palpation, formed a blue-red government at the bottom of the SDP, Coalition and RKP with the Centre Party remaining in opposition.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

Presidential candidacy and municipal elections 1988 The formation of the blue-red government was linked to the 1988 presidential election, [15] for by breaking the bourgeoisie front Mauno Koivisto secured his re-election.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

This was evident even before the election, when Harri Holkeri in the television election debate announced that he would recommend to his own electors that they support the election of Koivisto at a meeting of electors.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

However, the exclusion of the Centre Party from the government laid a good foundation for the success of the party and Chairman Väyrysen in the elections.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

[16] Koivisto did not receive half of the votes cast, so the selection was left to the selectors.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

Väyrynen defeated Prime Minister Holker, and the centre rose for the first time since his 1970 parliamentary election defeat in a state election to more than 20 per cent support.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

After the presidential election, centrist success intensified and in the autumn 1988 municipal elections the party received 21.10% of the vote, raising its support to 0.9%.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

Resignation from President and Parliamentary Elections 1991 In spring 1990 Paavo Väyrynen decided to step down from the position of Chairman.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

After a tight competition, Esko Aho was chosen as his successor at the party convention in Pori, who defeated Eeva Kuuskoski, who was the pre-favourite in the second round of voting.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

In the spring 1991 parliamentary elections, the Centre, under the leadership of Esko Aho, was able to maintain its support and emerged as the largest party.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

Seppo Kääriäinen, then party secretary of the centre, described the result of the election as a “bloody electoral victory”.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

In the election, Paavo Väyrynen stood for the first time as a candidate in the Uusimaa constituency, receiving the largest personal number of votes in the whole country, 22709 votes.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

Paavo Väyrysen became Minister of Foreign Affairs for the fourth time in his career after he became appointed to the bourgeois government headed by Esko Aho.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

The intention had been to form a government of the Big Three to overcome the Depression, but the Social Democrats, due to their weakened support, refused.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

Väyrynen was Minister of Foreign Affairs when Finland submitted its application for EU membership, but resigned from the government in May 1993 to become a presidential candidate.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

Väyrysen was succeeded as Minister of Foreign Affairs by Heikki Haavisto, President of the MTK.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

Väyrynen himself has said that his resignation was due to two reasons: on the one hand, he was dissatisfied with the government's economic policies; on the other hand, he found it difficult to hold negotiations as foreign minister on Finland's possible EU membership, when the presidential candidate also had a centrist fierce interest in EU membership. opponent Keijo Korhonen.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

Presidential election 1994 In 1993, Väyrynen, who resigned from the government, won the centrist primary and emerged as his party's candidate in the first direct presidential election in 1994.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

Väyrynen emerged clearly second in the presidential election, although not only Korhonen, but also Eeva Kuuskoski was breaking up the ranks of the centre.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

However, events in the final days reversed the setups, and Väyrynen dropped out of the second round based on election day votes.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

Väyrynen himself felt that the results of the election day were influenced by the news featured in the media.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

In Väyrysen's view, the media sought to influence the outcome of the election through a “media game” by which he meant publicizing what he thought were entirely misleading polls.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

Väyrynen also accused MTV3 of allowing its news time to Seppo Lehdo, who claimed that a “note” on extremist patriotic organisations sent by Russia was commissioned by Väyrysen.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

[17] In February 2011, at the unveiling ceremony of his new book, Väyrynen said that he was misunderstood and that the tip of his criticism was directed not at the media, but at politicians who exploited the media.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

[18] However, in August 2011, Väyrynen still felt on his blog that MTV had guided voters with bogus polls.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

[19] Finland's membership of the EU and the career of a European parliamentarian Negotiations on Finland's membership of the EU ended in spring 1994.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

Paavo Väyrynen had been in favour of applying for membership in order to determine the conditions on which Finland could join the Union.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

He thinks it would be difficult for Finland to remain outside if Sweden joined.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

Once the negotiations had been completed, Väyrynen considered the terms of membership to be poor, especially with regard to agriculture.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

Väyrynen stood against Finland's membership of the EU, as he felt that a better alternative was available; an already completed agreement on the European Economic Area (EEA) and close Nordic cooperation, for which he used the name “Nordic Community”.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

Väyrynen sought that the party congress in central Jyväskylä would have rejected membership.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

However, under pressure from the party leadership, the party caucus approved taking membership to a referendum.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

Väyrynen campaigned against membership.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

However, when it was approved by a majority in a referendum, the government brought the membership agreement to parliament for approval.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

The government tried to rush approval of the deal so that it would be able to strike a lock before the Swedish referendum.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

For this reason, the so-called braking debate arose in parliament, allowing the final decision to move beyond the Swedish settlement.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

When a narrow majority there approved accession, parliament gave its blessing to EU membership.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

After Finland's 1995 accession to the European Union, Väyrynen was elected to the European Parliament by decision of Parliament.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

Väyrynen took his seat in the 1996 European Parliament elections and was the largest vote rake in the election with 157668 votes.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

He also served as Vice-President of the Liberal Group in the European Parliament.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

As a MEP, Väyrynen has spoken out against the Union's federal development and stressed the importance of the Northern Dimension in euro policy.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

Returning to parliament and government, Väyrynen stood for election in the 1995 and 1999 parliamentary elections in Uusimaa constituency and became elected, but continued his work in the European Parliament.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

In the centrist primary for the 2000 presidential nomination, Väyrynen challenged party chairman Aho, but lost to him clearly in the membership vote in 1999.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

[20] In 2003, Väyrynen participated in the Presidency of the Centre Party, however, suffering another defeat, this time to Matti Vanhanen.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

Väyrynen received only a good hundred of the few thousand votes cast at the party conference.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

[20] In the 2003 parliamentary election, Väyrynen was not nominated, [21] but stood for election in the 2004 Euro elections and was elected.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

In the spring 2007 parliamentary elections, Väyrynen was again nominated from the Lapland constituency and was elected to parliament.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

Even before the election, Väyrynen announced that he would take up the post of MP if he was needed for any key role in domestic politics.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

Otherwise, he would complete his term in the European Parliament.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

Väyrynen returned the power of attorney only after government negotiations had been held in mid-April 2007 and Väyryse had been proposed for a ministerial position.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

Prime Minister Matti Vanhanen unexpectedly chose Väyrysen as Minister of Foreign Trade in his second government.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

His ministry was voted on at a meeting of the centrist party government and parliamentary group, where he defeated his opposing candidate MP Antti Kaikkonen by a vote of 41—36.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

He became the most experienced minister in the new government.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

Among Väyrysen's first projects as Minister of Foreign Trade and Development were the implementation of the Salla track and influence Russia on the issue of increasing timber export levies through the European Union.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

The anti-EU Väyrynen, as minister, opposed the euro.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

He doesn't think Finland should have joined the euro.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

An EU expert, Doctor of Political Science Esko Antola commented in 2009 that Väyrysen's anti-EU comments as Minister cannot be ignored and Väyrysen posed a political risk for Finland.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

[22] Presidency elections 2010 and parliamentary elections 2011 In 2010, Väyrynen stood for the position of President of the Centre Party, but at the party conference in Lahti in June the election for President and Prime Minister was won by Mari Kiviniemi.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

Later, Väyrynen commented in Johanna Korhonen's book that the “media game” was one of the reasons she was not elected president of the centre.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

In July, Väyrynen announced that he would change constituency and stand for election in the Uusimaa constituency in the spring 2011 parliamentary elections.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

[23] In the 2011 parliamentary election, Väyrynen remained unelected to Parliament from the Uusimaa constituency.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

Väyrynen believed that he would have been elected from the Lapland constituency, but he agreed, at the request of party secretary Timo Laaninen, to move as a candidate for the Uusimaa constituency.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

Presidential election 2012 Relating to the presidential election 2012, Paavo Väyrynen was the first to bid for the centrist presidential candidate.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

Efforts were made to find an opposing candidate for him so that the Presidential candidate of the Centre of Finland could be chosen based on a primary.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

The primary was believed to inspire members to endorse a centrist candidate in the 2012 presidential election as well.


Question: How many times has Edgar Savisaar divorced?

Paavo Väyrynen

In August 2011, Väyrynen announced that he was ready to be a joint candidate of centrist and basic Finns in the 2012 presidential election.