Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Boroughs The municipality of Athens proper (dímos) is divided into seven major districts (dimotikí koinótita, “municipal colony”).


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The sub-regions, as well as the boroughs and other regions within them, are: Greater Athens and Athens Metropolitan Area The Athens urban area, in addition to the city and municipality proper, includes the municipalities of the regional units of Central Athens, Northern Athens, South Athens and Western Athens.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

These four regional units make up the Greater Athens Region.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Previously, the region formed the Athens Prefecture, which was abolished in early 2011.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The population of the region is 2640701 (in 2011).


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

[1] Greater Athens comprises the following 35 municipalities: in addition to Greater Athens, the conurbated urban area of Athens can be read Greater Piraeus, that is, the five municipalities of the regional unit Piraeus.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

They are Piraeus, Keratsíni-Drapetsóna, Korydallós, Níkaia-Ágios Ioánnis Réntis and Pérama.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

So calculated, the total population of the Athens metropolitan area is 3089698.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

[1] In addition to the five regional units mentioned, a large part of the municipalities of the surrounding East Attica and West Attica regional units may be included in the Athens Metropolitan Area.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The population of the entire metropolitan area is about 3737550.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Climate History Early stages The earliest remnants of settlement in Athens date from the Neolithic period around 4000—3000 BCE.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

[4] [5] At that time, settlement was concentrated on the Acropolis Hill, but no later than the middle Bronze Age, 2000—1600 BCE.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

settlement had also spread to the plateau surrounding the hill, among other areas of the later Agora.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

[4] However, as a city proper, Athens can not be spoken of until the Mycenaean period from the 16th century BCE.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

since, when, according to lore, the goddess Athena won domination of the city from the sea god Poseidon.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Around the same time is also placed, according to tradition, the founding of the city, which took place during the reign of Kekrops in 1581 BCE.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

[6] It is considered likely that Athens, like most other Greek city-states, has been a kingdom in its beginnings.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The Acropolis had a royal palace around 1400—1100 BCE.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

[4] However, the Athenian kings mentioned in ancient sources are, with the possible exception of some of the most late, apparently fabled persons.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Since the end of the Mycenaean period, Athens seems to have survived the other centres more peacefully.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

It was not destroyed in the Doorite conquests like other Mycenaean centres, but still experienced a cultural shift during the so-called Dark Centuries.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

[7] Archaic and Classical periods No later than the 6th century BCE.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The Athenian administration was run by archonts, and there was no more king.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The most famous of the archonts of the mentioned century is Drakon, who also enacted the oldest known laws of Athens.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

By the Archaic period at the latest, the 5th century, the Acropolis had early temple buildings.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Solon reformed the administration, laws and finances of the city around 594 BCE.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The reforms can be seen as one of the opening points of democracy in Athens.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

A little later, however, Peisistratos emerged as tyrant of the city.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The tyranny of the House of Peisistratos lasted the years 561—555 and 546—528 BCE.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

[4] It was not until the constitutional reform of Kleisthenee in 510 BCE that democracy was permanently established.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Under the new system, even the poorest free male citizens of Athens were allowed to be involved in deciding the affairs of the state; by contrast, still not women, slaves, nor immigrants without civil rights.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The citizens met in the so-called People's Assembly (Ekklesia).


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

As early as the 5th century, Athens occupied the entire province of Attica.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

When the Ionian cities of Asia Minor revolted against the Persian Empire, Athens sent troops to support them.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

This prompted the Persians to send two expeditions to Greece (the so-called Persian Wars).


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The war expedition initiated by Dareios I ended up in Athenian victory at the Battle of Marathon in 490 BCE.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Ten years later, Dareios's son Xerxes I planned to take over all of Greece.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

In this attempt, in 480 BCE, the Persians disposed of the city of Athens, but the fleets of Athens and other city-states struck down the Persian fleet shortly thereafter in the Battle of Salam.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The Persians were beaten definitively at the Battle of Plataia in 479 BCE.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

After that Athens was rebuilt.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

During classical antiquity, Athens was the most significant Greek city and the center of culture and commerce of the entire Greek world.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

A large city wall, the Themistoklee Wall, was also built in the town, as well as the so-called Long Walls extending later to the port city of Piraeus.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

[4] Athens established the so-called Sea League of Delos, which included most of the islands in the Aegean Sea.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Over the next few decades, the union became the Athenian Empire and other members of the union became Athenian subjects.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The most prominent leader of that time was Pericles.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Major construction projects on the acropolis, including the Parthenon, took place between 447 and 425 BCE.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

[4] The growing power of Athens prompted Sparta to start the Peloponnesian War in 431 BCE.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The war ended with the defeat of Athens in 404 BCE.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The Spartans put the so-called thirty tyrants in charge of Athens, but democracy was restored as early as the following year.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

3rd century BCE.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Athens partially rebuilt its old empire, but King Philip II of Macedonia was defeated by Athenian and Theban forces in 338 BCE.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Hellenistic and Roman Period In the Hellenistic period, Athens was no longer independent but under Macedonian rule.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

In 146 BC.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

it came under the rule of the Roman Empire.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

As part of the Roman Empire, Athens initially came under the rule of the Province of Macedonia, but since 27 BCE.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

forward to the new province of Akhaia, which included Greece, Thessaly and Epirus.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

In 86 BC.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Sulla ravaged and plundered Athens, for it had sided with Mithridates VI, king of Pontos, against the Romans.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Also in the battle between Pompey and Caesar, as well as Brutus' battle against Octavianus and Antony, the city had taken the wrong side; however, the victors treated the city leniently.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The education of a Roman upper-class youngster most often involved studying in the Philosophy Schools of Athens.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The rich Romans also favoured the city by making donations to it, and especially Emperor Hadrian (117—138) took special care of the city.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Among other things, he built one entirely new borough there and restored several old buildings.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

In 267, a tribe of Heruls belonging to the Goths ravaged the city, which effectively meant the end of the classical city.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The population retreated to a small area north of the Acropolis.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

[4] One hundred years later, in 396 the Western Goths plundered the city under Alarik.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

However, the city was rebuilt after these attacks.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

In antiquity, from the Classical period up to the Roman period, several philosopher schools operated in the city, the most famous of which were the Academy of Plato and the Peripatetic School of Lykeion founded by Aristotle.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The cynical school took its name from the gymnasion of Kynosargee, a stoic school in turn from Stoa poikile.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Athens remained an important study city until 529, when Emperor Justinian I abolished the philosopher schools that operated there.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The city's pagan temples were converted into churches from the 4th century onwards.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

[4] Byzantine period with the division of the Roman Empire, Athens became part of Eastern Rome, the later Byzantine Empire.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Athens became the archbishopric seat around the year 850.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The 10th and 12th centuries are referred to as the Golden Age of Byzantine art in Athens.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

At that time, the city prospered as a producer of soap and dyes and numerous Byzantine churches and monasteries were built there.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

[4] Athens survived as part of Byzantium until the early 13th century.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

In 1205, Italian and Frankish crusaders occupied the town.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Between the 12th and 15th centuries Athens was part of various crusader states, including the Duchy of Athens since 1259.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

[4] Ottoman rule period Sultan Mehmed II of the Ottoman Empire conquered the city in 1458.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The Sultan became enamoured of the city and forbade destroying its ruins under threat of death.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The Parthenon was converted into a mosque.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

[4] During the Ottoman period, the population of the city decreased and the city declined with the rest of the kingdom in the 17th century.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Over time, ancient buildings were no longer taken care of, and the Partheneven ended up as an ammunition depot during the Venetian invasion of 1687.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The temple was hit by a cannon shot during the fighting, causing it great destruction.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Propylaia had been damaged in an explosion of gunpowder storage as early as 1656.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The city was under Venetian rule from 1687 to 1688 and thereafter unoccupied for two years.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The Greeks and Turks returned to the city in 1690.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

[4] By the time of the 19th century, the ancient monuments of the city had fallen so badly into disrepair that it was often thought that it was best for their preservation to take them out of the land.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The most famous case is the marbles (the so-called Elgin Marbles) detached from the Parthenon by Lord Elgin and exported to London.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

During the Greek War of Independence (1821—1831), the city was by turns controlled by Osman, by turns independence fighters.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The Athenians besieged the Turks who were on the Acropolis 1821—1822 and subsequently expelled these.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The city was under the control of the Greeks until 1826, when the Turks in turn besieged the Greeks who were on the Acropolis.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Athens surrendered to the Turks in 1827 and these held the Acropolis in their possession until 1833.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

During that time, the rest of the city, which suffered severe damage in the fighting, lay empty for a couple of years, but by 1831 the Greeks were already starting to build a new Athens around the Acropolis.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

On March 31, 1833, the Turks finally surrendered and Athens became part of Greece.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

[4] The period of Greek independence Athens became the capital of the newborn Kingdom of Greece on September 18, 1834.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The justification for the choice was mainly the city's glorious past.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

At that time, the town had a population of only about 8000.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The king and court moved to Athens from Náfplio.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Athens began to be built up as the capital of the country.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The central government initially operated in churches and mosques.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

[4] Athens grew considerably in the decades that followed.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The town was built into a modern city in the Neoclassical


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

At the same time, the archaeological survey of the city, as well as the active protection of ancient monuments, began.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The city hosted the 1896 Summer Olympics, the first modern Olympic Games.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

[4] For a more recent time, Athens began to expand heavily in the 1920s when several suburban areas were annexed to make room for refugees from Asia Lesser as a result of the Greek-Turkish population exchange.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Several boroughs emerged in the city, whose names referred to the former Greek territories of Asia Minor.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Piraeus grew practically together with Athens.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

[4] During World War II, the town was occupied by the Germans since May 1941.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The town suffered a major famine in 1941—1942.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Athens and Greece were liberated on 12 October 1944.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

After the war, the city continued to grow at a fierce pace and almost uncontrollably right up until about 1980.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The rise in population led to pollution problems that in the 1990s have been attempted to address, including by limiting car traffic downtown and improving public transportation.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Actions have intensified, and especially the problems caused by smog are significantly reduced.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Attractions Ruins of antiquity During antiquity the city spread around the Acropolis of Mount Athens Castle.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Some ruins remain of the buildings of the ancient city in various parts of the city centre.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

During the Persian Wars in 480 BC.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

On the acropolis, the whole stock of buildings was eradicated, but soon after, even more handsome buildings were built on the site, some of which have survived until modern times.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The most famous is the Parthenon temple dedicated to the goddess Athena, which is currently undergoing restoration.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Other temples were also located on the acropolis, including the Erekhtheion, which is renowned for its female-figured columns, or caryatids, and a small temple dedicated to Nike, or goddess of victory, on the western edge of the hill.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The only entry route to the hill was in antiquity, as it is today, on its western edge, where a mighty gateway structure, the Propylaia, still rises.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

To the west of the acropolis lies the Areiopag Hill.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

In antiquity, the Supreme Court of Athens operated there, whose duties, although at different times, varied.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The Areiopagi has also become known as the Apostle Paul there Bible (AP.T.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

17:19-34) of the speech given by the influence of which the first Christian congregation of Athens was born.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Today, the speech is also engraved on a metal slab attached to the site.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

In ancient times, the centre of the city was located on the Agora, or market square, to the northwest of the Acropolis.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Archaeological excavations have been carried out in the area since the 1930s and finds include several stoia, or columned halls (e.g. royal stoa and Stoa poikile), Roman-era Agrippan odeion, temples and government buildings (e.g., bule gathering place Buleuterion).


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The most spectacular buildings in the area include the Temple of Hephaestus, formerly mistakenly called the Temple of Theseus, and the Stoa of Attalos, rebuilt in the 1950s.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Landmarks of classical Athens were also the Theatre of Dionysus, located on the southern slope of the Acropolis, on which most of the ancient Greek plays preserved to us have been premiered.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Also located on the remote slope of the acropolis are the cult site Asklepieion of Asklepios, the stoa of Eumenee, and the well-preserved Odeion of Herod Atticus, where plays and musical performances are still held.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

In Roman times, the centre of gravity of the city shifted from the agora slightly to the east where a new market district, the Roman Agora, was formed.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

It is located near the present Monastiráki Square.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Among the most zealous city reformers of the Roman period was the emperor Hadrian in the 10th century Jaa.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

He built, among other things, a large library building, the so-called Hadrian's Library, on the site of the Roman agora, and completed the construction of the Temple of Zeus Olympios (Olympieion), begun some 650 years earlier, in an area about half a kilometre southeast of the Acropolis, where other archaeological finds have also been made.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The temple in question is the largest of the ancient Greek temples.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

In antiquity, the district of Kerameikos was located to the northwest of the agora.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

It was particularly known as a potters' borough, and its name is of the same origin as the word pottery.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The city wall divided Kerameikos into inner and outer Kerameikos.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The Kerameikos cemetery was also located outside the wall, as burial within the walls was forbidden in antiquity.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Archaeological excavations have been carried out in the area.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

In addition to gravestones, remains of the city walls and the Dipylon Gate have also been found there.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Other ancient ruins in the city include the surviving remains of the People's Assembly site on Pnyks Hill (among other things the speaker's podium) and the Lysikrate monument in Pláka.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Some remnants of Plato's Academy have survived in the Akadimía Plátonos district named after it about 1.5 kilometres northwest of Dipylon Gate.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

[8] Parts of Lykeion are thought to have been found along Rigíllis Street in Kolonák.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

[9] Newer Athens One of the most popular and idyllic areas of living Athens is the old city of Pláka, whose streets were spared from the rebuilding that took place in most of the city in the 1960s and 1970s.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The streets of the area are narrow and labyrinthine and many restaurants, shops and hotels operate in the old houses.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The area of Pláka can also be read Monastiráki as well as the small area of Anafiótika on the northeast slope of the Acropolis, which resembles a traditional Cycladic archipelago village in its building style.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Several of Athens' numerous Byzantine churches are also located in the Pláka region.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The oldest of them is the Panagía Kapnikaréa Church, located on the northern edge of the Pláka in the middle of Ermoú Street.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Another well-known Byzantine-era church is the former Episcopal Church of Athens Little Mitrópolis, or Panagía Gorgoepíkoos, which was built between the 12th and 13th century and has magnificent wall paintings.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The tiny church is located right on the side of the present cathedral, the Great Mitrópolis, on the Plateía Mitropóleos square.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The central square of modern Athens is Sýntagma, or Constitution Square.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Located on its edge are the former Royal Palace, namely the current Greek Parliament House, the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, and some of the city's most expensive hotels, such as the Grande Bretagne, the city's first hotel.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The square is also an important transport hub: two of the three Athens Metro lines run under it and several bus lines depart from it.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

West of Sýntagma runs Ermoú Street, one of the city's most central shopping streets.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Behind the Houses of Parliament spreads out the National Garden, a green oasis in the centre of the city.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Otherwise, Athens has relatively few parks, relative to its size.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The Panathinaïkó Stadium is located in the vicinity of the National Garden.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

It was built at the end of the 19th century on the site of the city's ancient stadium and, on its model, for the first modern Olympic Games.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The stadium is also known as Kallimarmaron, or “Marble of the Beautiful”, as it is the only stadium in the world to be built in its entirety of white marble.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The best examples of 19th century neoclassical style in the city include the University of Athens located on Panepistimíou Street, the Academy of Athens and the National Library of Greece.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

All three buildings in the ensemble are designed by the Hansen brothers of Copenhagen.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

First completed the university designed by Christian Hansen in 1841, then the academy designed by Theofil Hansen in 1885 and the National Library in 1891.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Notable neoclassical buildings also include the Zappeion, designed by Theofil Hansen.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Museums in Athens operates numerous museums.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Some of them are maintained by the state, some run by private entities.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The main museums are: Acropolis Museum Ancient Agora Museum Benaki Museum Byzantine and Christian Museum Epigraphic Museum Museum of Islamic Art National Archaeological Museum National Historical Museum National Gallery Kerameikós Archaeological Museum Museum of Cycladic Art Museum Numismatic Museum War Museum Population Evolution of population Transport Athens public transport consists of bus, tram and metro transport.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Rail transport of the Athens Metro consists of three lines, Line 1, Line 2 and Line 3.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Line 1 was originally inaugurated on 27 February 1869 as a steam train service between Athens and Piraeus.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The line was electrified in 1904.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Today, Metro Line 1 runs from Piraeus to the suburb of Kifisiá, and is also known as the Green Line.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

It is still predominantly terrestrial.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Construction of the actual subway lines 2 and 3 began in November 1991.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The addition of metro lines was aimed at reducing traffic congestion and reducing the smog hovering over Athens.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The lines were inaugurated in 2000.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Metro Line 2, also referred to as the Red Line, runs from Ellinikó to Anthoúpol in Peristérin.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Metro Line 3, known as the Blue Line, runs from Agía Marína to Athens Airport.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Metro's most central junction stations are downtown Sýntagma, Monastiráki and Omónoia.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Athens railway station is located to the north-west of the city centre and is served by Metro Line 2.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Long-distance trains run from the station to Thessaloniki, among others, with further access to Sofia, Skopje and Belgrade, among others.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The trains of local train services in Athens are referred to as proastiakós.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

There are also three local train lines, Linja 1, Linja 2 and Linja 3.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Trains run to the airport, as well as to Áno Liósia, Kiáto and Chalkída, among others.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Tramway services in Athens were resumed in 2004.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The lineage consists of three lines.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

[11] Air Transport Athens International Airport is located about 20 kilometres east of the city, mainly on the territory of the municipality of Spáta-Artémida.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The field began operations in 2001, replacing the old Ellinikó International Airport, built in 1938, which was closed when the new airport was completed.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The airport is Greece's most important and busiest, with around 500 aircraft a day landing on it.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Education and research in Athens operates six universities.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

These are the University of Athens, the National Technical College of Athens, the Athens School of Economics, the Athens Agricultural University, the Athens School of Art and the Charokópeio University.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

In addition, the Metropolitan Area of Athens is home to the Panteion University in Kallithéa and the University of Piraeus in Piraeus.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Several foreign archaeological institutes operate in Athens.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

One of them is the Finnish Athens Institute, whose building is located in the Makrygiánn district south of the Acropolis.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

The Nordic Institutes are served by the Common Nordic Library.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Sports Olympiad The first modern Olympic Games were the 1896 Summer Olympics held in Athens.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Athens has also been the host city for the Olympic Games since the 1906 Summer Olympics (the so-called Intermediate Games) as well as the 2004 Summer Olympics.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Sports clubs from Athens include native sports clubs AEK, Panathinaikos and Panionios.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

AEK has activities in soccer and basketball, Panathinaikos in footy, basket and volleyball, and Panionios in footy and basketball, among others.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Athens is twinned with 34 twinning cities: Athens, United States Barcelona, Spain Bethlehem, Palestine Beirut, Lebanon Belgrade, Serbia Berlin, Germany Boston, United States Buenos Aires, Argentina Bucharest, Romania Chicago, United States Cusco, Peru Genoa, Italy Havana, Cuba Istanbul, Turkey Yerevan, Armenia Kiev, Ukraine Ljubljana, Slovenia Los Angeles, United States Madrid, Spain Montréal, Canada Moscow, Russia Nicosia, Cyprus Paris (partner city), France Philadelphia, United States Prague, Czech Republic Rabat, Morocco Rome, Italy Sofia, Bulgaria Seoul, South Korea Tbilisi, Georgia Tirana, Albania Warsaw, Poland Washington (DC), United States Xi'an, China Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Andersson, Per J.| title = Athens and the Greek Islands| publisher = Mondo| year = | id = ISBN 952-99247-3-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Pietilä-Castrén, Leena| title = Walking in Athens| publisher = Otava| year = 2013| id = ISBN 951194| 99}} Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Castrén, Paavo & Pietti-Castrén, Leena| title = Ancient Handbook | location = Helsing| publisher = Otava| year = 2000| id = ISBN 951-1-12387-4}} References on the topic elsewhere.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

Athens City and Municipal Website.


Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

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Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

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Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

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Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

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Question: When was Athens founded?

Athens

* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (also Leibnitz or von Leibniz; 1 July (J: 21 June) 1646, Leipzig — 14 November 1716, Hanover) was a German philosopher, naturalist, diplomat, mathematician, legal and political scientist, historiographer, linguist, librarian and general genius.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

[1] Leibniz was from 1676 in the service of the princely family of Braunschweig-Lüneburg (then Hanover).


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

As a philosopher and legal scholar, and in the service of two prominent German noble families, Leibniz played a prominent role in the European politics and diplomacy of his time.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

In philosophy, Leibniz represented, like René Descartes and Baruch Spinoza, the continental rationalism of the 17th century.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

His philosophical principal work is the posthumously published book Monadology, introducing the original metaphysical system.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

In philosophy, Leibniz is also remembered for his optimism, his conclusion that our world is the best God was capable of creating.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Leibniz plays as significant a part in the history of mathematics as philosophy.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

The mathematics term function (1694), which he used to describe the quality of a curve, such as its curvature or special point, has been put to his name.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Leibniz is also considered the father of modern analysis, along with Isaac Newton.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

In particular, he developed the integral and the result rule, and his mathematical notation is still in use today.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Leibniz was an extremely versatile and learned person.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

In addition to philosophy and mathematics, Leibniz also worked in the fields of physics, engineering, biology, medicine, geology, psychology, and computing.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

He also wrote on politics, law, ethics, theology, history, and philology, and some also poetry.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

His writings consist of tens of thousands of fragmentary and unpublished letters and manuscripts, so there is still far from a complete picture of his achievements.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Leibniz, the two clocks.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Using two clocks, Leibniz illustrated the causal relationships of substances.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Life Childhood and Adolescence Leibniz's parents were Friedrich Leibnütz and Catherina Schmuck.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

His father was professor of moral philosophy at the University of Leipzig.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

He began spelling his surname “Leibniz” as he grew up, but others often referred to him by the spelling “Leibnitz”, which survived until the 20th century.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

At a later age he often used the name “von Leibniz” in signatures, and many institutions published after his death referred to him as “Freiherr [Baron] G. W. von Leibniz”.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

However, no source confirms that he was ever awarded the rank of nobility.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

In the 17th and 18th century, those seeking social uplift often added the appendix “de” or “von” to their surnames in middle age to appear noblemen, which they were not in reality.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Other examples include Voltaire, Pierre Beaumarchais and Ludwig van Beethoven.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

When Leibniz was eight years old, his father died, leaving behind a personal library to which Leibniz had access.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

By the age of 12, he had studied Latin, a language he used all his life, and had begun learning Greek.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

He started at his father's university at the age of 15 and graduated at the age of 20, specializing in law and mastering well classical literature, logic, scholastic philosophy and theology.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

However, his mathematical education did not match the French and British standards of the time.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

In 1666 he published his first work De Arte Combinatoria (“On the Art of Combinations”).


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

However, the University of Leipzig rejected his doctoral thesis and refused to guarantee him the post of teacher of law.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Leibniz sent his dissertation intended there to the University of Altdorf bei Nuremberg near Nuremberg and received his doctorate in five months.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

After arguing for a doctorate from Nuremberg in Mainz and Paris 1666—1674, Leibnitz refused an academic post at Altdorf and spent the rest of his life in the service of two prominent German noble families.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Leibniz's first job was as a paid alchemist in Nuremberg, though he knew nothing about the subject.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Soon he met Johann Christian von Boineburg, prime minister of Johann Philipp von Schönborn, Elector of Mainz.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Von Boineburg hired Leibniz as his deputy and soon presented him to the Elector.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Leibniz dedicated an essay on law to this in the hope of getting a job.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

The plan worked, and the Elector appointed Leibniz in 1669 to the Commission for Revision of Laws.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Although von Boineburg died in late 1672, Leibniz remained in the service of this widow until 1674.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Von Boineburg helped spread Leibniz's reputation, and the memos and letters written by Leibniz began to receive positive attention.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Leibniz's mission in the service of the Elector soon took on a diplomatic character.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

He published an essay under the pseudonym of a fictional Polish nobleman unsuccessfully posing as a German crown aspirant to the Polish throne.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

In Leibniz's adulthood, European politics largely revolved around Louis XIV of France, supported by French military and economic power.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Meanwhile, the Thirty Years' War had left German-speaking Europe fragmented, starved and economically in decline.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

The violent takeover of Alsace by France in 1670 caused concern in Germany about Louis XIV's plans.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Leibniz planned to protect German-speaking lands by turning France's attention elsewhere as follows.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

France would be invited to invade Egypt, which would serve as a stepping stone to recapture the Dutch East Indies.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

In return, France would promise to leave Germany and the Netherlands alone.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

This plan won the support of the Elector.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

In 1672, Leibniz was invited to Paris by the French government, but the plan soon fell at the feet of actual events.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Napoleon's failed Egyptian war expedition of 1798 can be seen as an unintended realization of Leibniz's plan.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

However, Leibniz spent several years in Paris and during that time expanded his knowledge in the fields of mathematics and physics, since he had found his knowledge of those fields uneven when he reached the country.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

He met Nicolas Malebranche and Antoine Arnauld, the leading French philosophers of that time, and studied both published and still unpublished works of René Descartes and Blaise Pascal.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

He became friends with the German mathematician Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus and the Dutch physicist and mathematician Christiaan Huygens, who was based in Paris at the time.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Huygens was pre-eminently a physicist, but introduced to Leibnitz the mathematical modeling of the pendulum, which inspired him to apply mathematical methods [2].


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Leibniz and von Tschirnhaus were in correspondence for the rest of their lives.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

With Huygens, Leibniz lived and, with this guidance, began his research in mathematics and physics, which soon led to Leibniz's inventions in the fields of differential and integral calculus.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Leibniz said geometry opened up a new world to him, despite the fact that he had previously written a few small writings on mathematics.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

The main outputs were an inscription on combinations in 1668, as well as a description of a new calculating machine.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

When it became apparent that France would not participate in Leibniz's plan for Egypt, the Elector sent in 1673, accompanied by his nephew Leibniz, to London to meet the British government.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

In London, Leibniz became acquainted with Henry Oldenburg and John Collins.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

The Royal Society adopted Leibniz as its external member after presenting him since 1670, a calculation machine capable of performing all four basic calculations.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

However, the voyage ended in the middle upon the death of the Elector.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

After this, Leibniz returned to Paris, rather than Mainz, as had been planned.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Von Boineburg, too, had died that same winter.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

After Leibniz's two patrons died, he had to find new ground for his career.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Here, an invitation to Hanover made in 1669 by Johann Friedrich, Duke of Braunschweig, proved fatal.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Leibniz had declined the invitation, but began a correspondence with the duke in 1671.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

In 1673, the Duke offered the post of Counsellor.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Leibniz reluctantly accepted this two years later, when it had become clear to him that there was no work for him in Paris, whose intellectual atmosphere he was attracted to, nor at the imperial court of the Habsburgs.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

At the Hanoverian court of 1676—1716, Leibniz managed to delay his arrival in Hanover until the end of 1676 after briefly visiting London once more, where he could possibly access some of Newton's still unpublished works.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

This was used as evidence when, decades later, Leibniz was accused of stealing Newton's ideas, although in fact Newton had plagiarised Leibniz, resulting in intervals between the German and British scientific community becoming inflamed for a long time [3].


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

On his way from London to Hanover, Leibniz stopped in The Hague and met Anton van Leeuwenhoek, inventor of microorganisms there.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

He also held talks for several days with Baruch Spinoza.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Spinoza had just finished his book Ethics.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Leibniz respected Spinoza's intellect, but was dismayed by the conclusions this drew that contradicted the teachings of Christianity.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

In 1677, Leibniz was promoted at his own request to legal counsel, in which post he held for the rest of his life.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

He served three successive rulers at the court of Braunschweigie as historian, political adviser and administrator of the court library.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

As a result, he wrote widely on all those political, historical and theological issues concerning the duchy.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

His writings are valuable to the historical study of that time.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Leibniz had warm dealings with Elector Sophie von der Palatinate, his daughter Sophie Charlotte von Hanover, Queen of Prussia, [4] and George II's future consort Caroline von Ansbach.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

He was a friend and adviser to all of these and had correspondence with them.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Hanover had a population of only about 10,000 people, and its isolated atmosphere eventually got on Leibniz's nerves.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

However, acting at court was a great honour, and the prestige of the court rose during the time Leibniz was influential there.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

In 1692, the Duke of Braunschweig became Elector of the Holy German-Roman Empire.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

In accordance with the British Act of Succession to Power, power in Great Britain upon the deaths of William III and his half-sister Anna passed to Elector Sophie and her descendants.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Leibniz played a part in the negotiations on the treaty, although some of his writings that dated the Braunschweigie cause were censored by the British Parliament.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

The Braunschweigs tolerated scientific projects outside of his duties by Leibniz.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

He began work on calkyl in 1674; the earliest mention of its use can be found in his notebooks from 1675.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

By 1677 he had a fairly uniform system ready, but he did not publish it until 1684.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Leibniz's most significant mathematical works were published between 1682 and 1692, mostly in the publication Acta Eruditorum founded by him and Otto Mencke in 1682.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

The publication played a significant role in spreading Leibniz's mathematical and scientific reputation, further expanding his influence in diplomacy, philosophy and other fields.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Elector Ernst August commissioned Leibniz to write the history of the House of Braunschweig, extending backwards as far as Charlemagne or further.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

The prince hoped the work would contribute to the building of his dynasty.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Between 1687 and 1690, Leibniz traveled widely in Germany, Austria and Italy, seeking material for this project.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Decades passed, but the piece was not completed.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

The next Elector was rather pained by Leibniz's procrastination.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Leibniz never completed the work, partly because of his other literary activities, but partly also because he wanted to necessarily write a work based on extensive research, even if his patrons would have been pleased with the small but popular family tree and explanations in a book containing that would have been completed within a few years.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Leibniz, however, performed much of the commissioned work: when the material he compiled from the Braunschweig family was finally published in the 19th century, it filled in three volumes.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

In 1711, John Keill wrote to a publication of the Royal Society with Newton's supposed blessing, accusing Leibniz of stealing Newton's ideas.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

This set in motion the controversy that overshadowed the rest of Leibniz's life over the invention of the calkyl.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Official inquiries by the Royal Society, with Newton as a background influence and which Leibniz called for to be launched to restore his reputation, agreed with Keill's accusations.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

In the 20th century, scholars of the history of mathematics have been inclined to absolve Leibniz of blame, pointing out the significant differences in the Leibniz and Newtonian systems.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Tsar Peter the Great of Russia stopped on his way in Hanover and met Leibniz, who maintained an interest in Russian affairs until his death.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

In 1712, Leibniz relocated for two years to Vienna and served as court counsellor to the Habsburgs.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

On the death of Queen Anna in 1714, Elector Georg Ludwig became, in accordance with the Act of Succession to Power, King George I of England.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Although Leibniz had put the effort into this, it was not his moments of honour.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Despite Caroline von Ansbach's intervention, George I forbade Leibniz from coming to London before even one volume of the history of the family of Braunschweigs, commissioned by George's father almost 30 years earlier, would be completed.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Reading Leibniz as part of the London court would also have offended Newton, who held a very high position in British circles, and who was considered to have won the calkyl dispute.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

The last staple was the death of Leibniz's friend and advocate Sophie in 1714.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Leibniz died in Hanover in 1716. At the time he was so out of favour that no more George I (who just happened to be near Hanover at the time) than anyone from the court, apart from Leibniz's personal secretary, attended the funeral.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Although Leibniz was a lifetime member of the Royal Society and the Berlin Academy of Sciences, neither institution honored his death.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

His grave lay unmarked for more than 50 years.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Bernard de Fontenelle wrote commendingly of Leibniz at the urging of Elisabeth Charlotte von der Palatinate, Elector Sophie's niece.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Leibniz never married.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

He had now and then complained of a lack of money, but the fortune he had left to his only heir, his sister's adopted son, proved that he had been paid well by the Braunschweigs.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

In his diplomatic activities he was at times ruthless, according to the custom of the time, and every now and then he changed afterwards the content of his writings and the timings marked thereon, which put him in disrepute in the calkyl controversy.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Otherwise, he was known as a well-behaved socialite with many friends and admirers across Europe.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Aftermath When Leibniz died in 1716, his reputation was in the downlands.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

He was remembered only for his work Théodicée.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Voltaire's novel Candide of 1759 contains polemics against Leibniz's metaphysical optimism; Leibniz considered our world to be the best possible world.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

[5] Leibniz had a keen pupil, Christian Wolff, whose dogmatic mindset did Leibniz's reputation much trouble.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Philosophical currents were moving away from 17th-century rationalism and philosophical systems that Leibniz had enthusiastically advocated.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Many began to suspect that he would not have invented calkyl independently in relation to Newton, and therefore all his works on mathematics and physics were left more discriminated.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Likewise, his works on legal science, diplomacy and history were only seen as interesting for a short time.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Leibniz's slow rise to current fame began with the work Nouveaux Essais, published in 1765, which was carefully read by Immanuel Kant.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

In 1768, Dutens edited the first multi-volume institution of Leibniz's works, followed in the 19th century by several institutions.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

The publication of correspondence with Leibniz's notable figures such as Antoine Arnauld, Samuel Clarke and Sophia van Hannover and his daughter, Sophia Charlotte van Hanover, also began.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

In 1900, Bertrand Russell published a treatise on Leibniz metaphysics.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Shortly after this, Louis Couturat published a major treatise on Leibniz and edited an edition of his pre-published works concerned chiefly with logic.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Although the conclusions they reached have been debated, they made Leibniz somewhat respected among the analytic and linguistic philosophers of the 20th century.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

The phrase salva veritate used by Leibniz (“truth preserved”, that is, without changing it) occurs in W. V.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

In the works of O. Quine.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

However, literature dealing with Leibniz's work did not begin to emerge more widely until after World War II.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

This is especially true in English-speaking countries.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

In the 21st century, there has been interest in Leibniz's ideas in many quarters.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

According to Nicholas Jolley, this is due, among other things, to the fact that theoretical research into the 17th and 18th centuries has provided a better picture of the thinking of that 17th century intellectual revolution that preceded the better-known industrial and commercial revolutions of the 18th and 19th centuries.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

In addition, analytic philosophy has covered topics that tangent to Leibniz's ideas about identity, the individual, and possible worlds.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

[6] Philosophy Leibniz's philosophy is quite difficult, since his philosophical writings consist mainly of many short writings: articles, manuscripts published long after his death, and several letters to several different recipients.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

He wrote only two broader philosophical treatises, and the only one published in his life, the Théodicée of 1710, is as much theological as it is philosophical.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Leibniz himself considered his career as a philosopher to have begun with the publication The Presentation of Metaphysics, which he wrote as a commentary on the ongoing disagreement between Nicolas Malebranche and Antoine Arnauld.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

It led to extensive correspondence with Arnauld.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

The correspondence and Discours de métaphysique were not published until the 19th century.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

In 1695, Leibniz publicly stepped down as an actor in European philosophy with his article “Système nouveau de la nature et de la communication des substances” (“A New System of Communication of Nature and Substances”).


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

In 1695—1705 he wrote an inscription Nouveaux essais sur l'entendement humain (“New Essays on Human Understanding”), which was a lengthy commentary on John Locke's work An Essay Concerning Human Understanding written in 1690 and published on Locke's death however, not until 1765.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Written in 1714 and published after his death, the Monadology consists of ninety aphorisms.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Leibniz met Spinoza in 1676 and read some of his unpublished writings.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Since then, he has been suspected of possessing some of Spinoza's thoughts.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Although Leibniz admired Spinoza's intellect, he nonetheless abhorred some of his ideas in an outspoken manner, particularly when they contradicted the teachings of orthodox Christianity.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

In contrast to Descartes and Spinoza, Leibniz had a through philosophical university education.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

His scholastic and aristotle background shows Leibniz to have drawn much influence from one of his professors in Leipzig, Jakob Thomasius, who also oversaw his bachelor's work in philosophy.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Leibniz also avidly read Francisco Suárez, also a Spanish Jesuit revered at Lutheran universities.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Leibniz was interested in the new methods and conclusions of Descartes, Huygens, Newton, and Boyle, but still watched their work through strong scholastic spectacles.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Still, Leibniz's methods and research subjects often foreshadow 20th century logic as well as analytic and language philosophy.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Principles Leibniz often applied one or more of the following fundamental philosophical principles in his thinking, which he sometimes justified but often took as given: Similarity/Contradiction: If a proposition is true, its opposite is false and vice versa.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Leibniz's law: Two entities are the same if and only if they share the same properties; or: If two entities have the same properties, then it is the same being.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

The principle of sufficient justification: “There must be sufficient justification for anything to exist, for any event to happen, for any truth that can be attained”.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Pre-set harmony (harmonie préétablie).


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Continuity: Natura non saltum facit (“nature does not make jumps”).


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Optimism.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

“God will surely always choose the best”.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

The principle of abundance.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Monadology Leibniz's most notable contribution to metaphysics is his theory of monads.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

This system, which represented 17th-century rationalism, is presented in a work spanning a few ten pages called Monadology.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

However, Leibniz did not publish the work during his lifetime, nor did he use the word 'monadology' himself, but was coined later.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

In Leibniz's system, everything that exists is composed of indivisible, unlosable starters, monads.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Monads were “noun forms of being”, soulful and conscious beings, as well as objects of sensing.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

They had the following characteristics: they are eternal, indivisible, individual, subject to their own laws, do not interact with each other, and each reflects the whole rest of the universe in accordance with a predetermined harmony.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Monads were points of force: substance was strength, while space, matter, and motion existed only in the phenomenon world.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

According to Leibniz, material pieces are monad collections.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Monads didn't have to be small: for example, man was a monad, and so did God.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

The existence of God can be derived from the harmony prevailing among all other monads — it was God's willed.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Soulful life exists for Leibniz in countless different degrees of clarity.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Of the monads are the most perfect human souls with self-consciousness and reason, that is, the ability to comprehend common truths and God.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Leibniz viewed monads as solving, on the one hand, the problem of mind-matter interaction that followed from Descartes' Cartesian dualism, and on the other the lack of individuality that followed from Spinoza's system in which individual things were merely accidents.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Theodicée and optimism Théodicée introduced the term theodicea and sought to justify the imperfections of the world by explaining that our world is nevertheless the best of all worlds.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

The world must be the best possible and most balanced because it was created by a perfect God.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Leibniz's statement “we live in the best of all possible worlds” drew much ridicule, particularly from Voltaire, who mocked the idea in his comedic novel Candide by putting Leibniz with his parodies of Doctor Pangloss to repeat.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

This gave rise to the adjective “Panglossian”, which described someone who was so naive that he believed the world was the best possible.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Mathematician Paul du Bois-Reymond wrote in his book Leibnizian Thoughts in Modern Science that Leibniz thought God was a great mathematician: Symbolic thinking Leibniz had a firm belief that a big part of human thought could be restored by some sort to calculations, and that such calculations might have resolved many disagreements: Leibniz's calculus ratiocinator, which brings to mind symbolic logic, can be seen as a way of enabling calculations of this nature.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Leibniz wrote memos that can be seen as the fundamental writings of this symbolic logic, but they were only published when modern logic had already emerged with the Begriffsschrift of Gottlob Frege's work and the writings of Charles S. Peirce and his students in the 1880s.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Thus their publication occurred much after George Boole and Augustus De Morgan had put such logic into the beginning in the 1840s.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Formal logic Leibniz is the most notable logician in the period between Aristotle and the year 1847, when Boole and De Morgan published the originating works of modern logic.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Leibniz defined key properties that are today called by such names as conjunction, disjunction, negation, identity, subset, and empty set.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Leibniz's logic, and basically the whole of his philosophy, can be restored to two principles: All our thoughts consist of a very small set of simple thoughts that make up the alphabet of human thought.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

More complex ideas consist of these simple ideas as uniform and symmetric compounds corresponding to arithmetic multiplication.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

As for point (1), the set of simple ideas is much larger than what Leibniz was thinking.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Regarding point (2), Leibniz was right that logic can be considered to be based on symmetric compounds, but they are no more equivalent to one- or multiplication.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Formal logic, which took shape in the early 20th century, also requires negation and the use of quantified variables.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Leibniz did not publish anything dealing with formal logic when he was alive.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Most of his writings on the subject consist of sketches published in 1903 by Louis Couturati in the Leibniz literary tradition.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Charles S. Peirce, Hugh MacColl, Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell all shared Leibniz's dream of combining symbolic logic, mathematics and philosophy (logisism).


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

The culmination of Leibniz's approach can be seen in Ernst Schröder's algebraic logic and C.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

I. Lewis in Modal Logic.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Mathematics In the field of mathematics, Leibniz developed differential calculus at about the same time as Isaac Newton.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Leibniz was the first to publish the method—a harsh dispute arose over the idea of paternity, and in retrospect it can be established that Newton was ahead of Leibniz in time, but the method of notation used by Leibniz nonetheless remained in use by later mathematicians.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Nowadays it is customary to give credit for invention to both.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Leibniz also created a binary number system and built the first usable mechanical counting machine capable of multiplication and division.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Mathematician Gregory Chaitin also considers Leibniz to be the presenter of the first ideas tangential to algorithmic information theory.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Bertrand Russell, on the other hand, has said Leibniz developed logic to 19th-century levels in his unpublished studies.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

It is clear from Leibniz's correspondence that he used a method in solving groups of equations that foresaw the determinants invented half a century after him.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Differential and integral calculus Leibniz is considered, along with Isaac Newton, to be the inventor of infinitesimal calculus.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

According to Leibniz's own notes, the breakthrough came on 11 November 1675, when he first used integral calculus to calculate the area covered by the graph of the function y=x.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

He defined several modes of notation that are still in use, such as, for example, the integral sign ∫, representing the stretched letter S, from the Latin word sum; and in differential calculus as a means of marking the letter d, from the Latin word differentia.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Leibniz did not publish any of his research results until 1684.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Natural Sciences and Engineering Physics Physics in Physics developed statics and dynamics and often presented views divergent from Descartes, Newton and their followers.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

He put forward a new theory of motion based on kinetics and potential energy.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Although Leibniz was on Newtonian lines with respect to calkyl, in physics he did not share the same series with Newton, and can be judged in this field even as weaker than his teacher Huygens.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

A good example of Leibniz's mature phase physics is the work Specimen Dynamicum of 1695.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

[7] Vis viva Leibniz's vis viva (Latin: life force) is an immutable mathematical characteristic of certain mechanical systems.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

[8] It can be seen as a special case of the energy principle.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

The theory was seen as a competitor to the idea of conserving kinetic energy, advocated by Newton and Descartes.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Therefore, scholars in England and France were inclined to reject Leibniz's ideas.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

However, engineers eventually found vis viva useful in making certain calculations, so eventually the two approaches began to be seen as complementary.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Other Natural Sciences Leibniz posited that land has a molten core, and was thus also a pioneer of modern geology.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

In embryology, he was a preformationist, but also held that organisms arise when an endless number of possible microstructures come together in a refreshing manner.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

In biology and paleontology, he studied anatomy and fossils, conducting comparative studies.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

In medicine, he urged physicians of his time to base their theories on detailed comparative observations and experiments, and to strictly distinguish scientific views from metaphysical ones.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Works Leibniz's most notable works are: De Arte Combinatoria (“On the Art of Combinations”, 1666) Hypothesis Physica Nova (“The New Physical Hypothesis”, 1671) Nova methodus pro maximis et minimis (“A New Method for Maxims and Minimes”, 1684) Discours de métaphysique (” Treatise on Metaphysics”, 1686) Protogaea (1692) Système nouveau de la nature et de la communication des substances (“The New System of Communication of Nature and Substances”, 1695) l'Origine radicale des choses (“The Radical Origin of Things”, 1697) Explication de l'Arithmétique Binaire (“Explanation of Binary Arithmetics”, 1705) (Essais de) Théodicée (1710) Monadologia ((La) Monadologie, 1714, Finnish.) Nouveaux essais sur l'entendement humain (“New Essays on Human Understanding”, 1765, completed 1704) Leibniz wrote in three languages: Scholastic Latin, French, as well as, less frequently, German.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

He published several pamphlets and scholarly articles during his life, but only two philosophical books, De Arte Combinatoria and Théodicée.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Leibniz wrote several pamphlets, often anonymously, on behalf of the Braunschweig-Lüneburgs, most significantly De jure suprematum dealing with the nature of monopoly.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Of the works only one more significant, Nouveaux essais sur l'entendement humain, appeared after his death.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

It was not until 1895, when Bodemann completed his catalogue of Leibniz manuscripts and correspondence, that the extent of Leibniz's literary tradition dawned: 15000 letters from him to over 1,000 different recipients, as well as over 40000 other writings, had survived.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Of these letters, many were essay-length.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Most of the correspondence specifically from 1685 remains unpublished, and most of those published have only been published in the latter part of the 20th century.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

See also Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Prize Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Davis, Martin| title= The Universal Computer: The Road from Leibniz to Turing| publisher = W W Norton| year = 2000}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jolley, Nicholas| title= Leibniz| publisher = Routledge| year = 2005}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = MacDonald Ross, George| title=Leibniz| publisher = Oxford Uni.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Press| year = 1984}} References Literature Finnish works Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Monadology| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 1995| version = (Monadologie, 1714.)


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Translated and preface and explanations by Jyrki Siukonen.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

S. 81—97: Raili Kauppi: “The Idea of Logic in the Philosophy of Leibniz” (Die Idee der Logik in der Philosophie Leibnizens, 1969).


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

swamp. Leevi Lehto.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

S. 99—127: Jyrki Siukonen: “City, Library, Garden and Theatre: Considerations on Narrative and Architecture in Monadology” | id = ISBN 951-662-619-X}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Philosophical treatises| others = Translated by Tuomo Aho et al| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 2010| version = Edited by Tuomo Aho and Markku Roinila| id = ISBN 952-495-121-0}} (1707, 1712, 1716).


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

swamp. Mika Saranpää.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

so & thus 1/1996, 48.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Change literature Korkman, Petter:.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

so & thus 3/2012, 41—43.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Lemet, John:.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

so & thus 3/2012, 33—34.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

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Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

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Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Colloquium organised by the Finnish Philosophical Association and the Department of Philosophy at the University of Helsinki 16.4.1999| location = Helsinki| publisher = Department of Philosophy at the University of Helsinki | year = 2000| id = ISBN 951-45-9671-4}} Repo, Arto:.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

so & thus 3/2012, 21—23.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Repo, Arto & Viljanen, Valtteri:.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

so & thus 3/2012, 25—30.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Roinila, Markku:.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

so & thus 1/1996, 3—5.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Siukonen, Jyrki:.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

so & thus 1/1996, 12—14.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Siukonen, Jyrki:.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

so & thus 3/2012, 53—55.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

On the subject elsewhere Encyclopedia articles: entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Change: Liukkonen, Petri & Pesonen, Ari (eds.


Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

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Question: In which city was G.W. Leibnitz born?

Gottfried Leibniz

Category:Idealists Category:Christian philosophers Category:Rationalists Category:German philosophers Category:German physicists Class:German mathematicians Category:Computer developers Category:Theorists of knowledge Category:Those born in 1646 Class:Dead in 1716 Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

MTV3 (colloquially often Maikkari or Kolmonen) is the most-watched commercial television channel in Finland.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

[1] The channel originated in Oy Advertis-TV-Reklam AB (MTV), founded in 1957, which originally aired its software on Yleisradio television channels.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

[2] In 1982, the company name was changed to MTV and in 1986, Channel Three was established, with which MTV3 started in 1993 as its own national television channel.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

Digital distribution of MTV3 was started with the advent of digital television.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

MTV3 changed to a public interest channel in January 2018, appearing on channel flag A.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

[3] Initially, MTV was owned by a number of advertising agencies.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

In 1998, it transitioned to become part of Alma Media.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

In the 2005 ownership arrangements, MTV Oy ended up being owned by the Swedish company Bonnier and Proventus.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

[4] In 2007, Bonnier bought Proventus' stake in MTV.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

[5] In July 2018, it was announced that Telia will acquire Bonnier Broadcasting, which owns MTV Ltd, Mediahub, C More and Swedish TV4 AB, from Bonnier.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

The deal will require approval from competition regulators in order to materialize.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

[6] [7] In addition, MTV Oy owns the payment channels of Sub, AVA and C More Total.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

Historia MTV was founded in 1957 [2] under the name Oy Advertis-TV-Reklam Ab.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

The new company leased programming time from the Yleisradio channel, whose programmes were interspersed with it.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

The channel's first broadcast was on August 13, 1957.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

[2] In the beginning, MTV had a weekly programming time of only ten hours and that too outside its prime viewing time.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

In the early 1960s, MTV's operations took off a boom.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

In 1967 a new office building, the so-called Pöllölaakso, was built in Ilmala, Helsinki.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

As a supplement to Yle's relevant software, MTV was oriented towards entertainment software.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

The early 1980s finally saw the launch of its own newscasts after lengthy negotiations.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

The Ten News broadcast on MTV soon became a hit product.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

The name Advertising Television was originally intended to be temporary only.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

The company's name was eventually changed to MTV Ltd in 1982.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

[8] In 1985, MTV went with Yleisradio and Nokia for the third television project.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

Channel Three started in December 1986.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

MTV gained additional programming time through the new channel.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

From the beginning of 1993, MTV switched entirely to its own channel and began broadcasting the program full-time.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

The new channel was renamed MTV3.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

It became the most popular television channel in Finland with a 43% viewership share.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

Emblems and Channel Ways 1957—1966 From the early years to the mid-1960s, the emblem film featured an owl blinking its eyes.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

One eye had the letter T and in the other V. The background color was black because there were no colour broadcasts in Finland at the time.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

Music performed on an electric guitar played in the emblem, the tune of which was a direct quote from the intro of the song “Brazil” recorded by guitarist Les Paul.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

The emblem also served as an advertising staple ID.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

It was designed by artist Peppe Nyström, who created the owl logo by outlining the bird and egg from which an owl eventually emerged.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

[9] 1966—1975 Around the mid-1960s, a redesigned emblem film was introduced, with an owl flying on a branch, “rounding” its belly, striking an eye, and joyfully flying away from the branch.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

The emblem colour was grey because there was no colour broadcast during the emblem, and music was heard during the emblem.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

1975—1983, MTV introduced the emblem on 17 December 1975 [10], with 48 balls appearing on a white background, of which the border-like ones were only partially visible.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

The balls came in six colours: green, purple, pink, orange, blue and brown.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

One of the blue orbs was enlarged and rotated to the right, thus revealing the owl's face.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

Under it appeared the text “MTV”.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

The owl winked.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

The background color was white.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

The owl was called “Advertising Owl” and was designed by Ilkka Levonranta marketing from Viherroot.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

[9] The theme film was conceived by Sauli Rantamäki and the music was composed by MTV's conductor Rauno Lehtinen.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

1983—1988 Text's typeface changed in 1983 when Oy Advertis-TV-Reklam-TV AB was renamed MTV Oy.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

At the same time, the balls became three-dimensional looking and their number was reduced to 42, but the music was the same.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

In 1984 and 1985, though, the original emblem could also be occasionally displayed.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

The ad staple tag was a still image with a black background holding three different colored balls.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

At the bottom of the picture was MTV's logo, with the word “Continued” on the stern.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

There was also a still image with the MTV logo and the text “Continued”.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

There was no music during the ad break tag.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

Sometimes instead of an ad break ID during the program, a still image was stopped, which then read the name of the program and “continues...”.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

Like, for example, at the beginning of the promotional break that begins during the Spede Show program, “Spede show/Continues”.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

In these latter cases, ad break IDs were already pre-incorporated in master videotapes intended for broadcast use, the content of which had been pre-distributed to ad breaks in MTV's own program productions.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

1988—1989 The beginning of the emblem, which was in use from 1988 to 1989, featured a space theme, where a blue, black and white ball and a yellow triangle appeared.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

The blue sphere represented the owl itself, the white ball its eyes, the black ball with its pupils and a triangle on its beak.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

The black and white ball, as well as the triangle, were left behind the blue ball and the blue ball turned into an owl that struck an eye.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

The owl disappeared into the background and the text “MTV” appeared on its place one letter at a time.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

At the same time, the background turned light blue and stripes appeared behind the text.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

There was also a shorter version of the emblem, beginning with an owl logo.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

The long ID was used if MTV started or ended the evening on that broadcast network.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

(Example: suppose that on a given night MTV had one program share on the TV1 side and two program sections on the TV2 side.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

In this case, the only programme portion of the evening broadcast on TV1 began with a long emblem and also ended with a long emblem.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

Of the programme sections broadcast on TV2's side, the former started with a long ID and ended with a short ID, and the latter started with a short one and ended with a long one.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

How the proportion broadcast on TV1 ranked chronologically against those broadcast on TV2 was irrelevant.)


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

The short ID was used as an indication that MTV was going on hiatus or returning from hiatus on that broadcast network.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

The theme music plays during the emblem.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

There were two ad break IDs: one was used at the beginning of the ad break and the other at the end of the ad break.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

In the initial ID of the ad break, the image was shrunk to the lower right corner of the screen.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

In the end ID of the ad break, the image grew out of the lower right corner of the screen to cover the entire screen.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

The music in the promotional staple was a kind of slow-motion version of the remainder of the music in the main emblem and the background was black.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

The same balls and the same triangle as the main emblem appeared at the beginning of the ad break symbol.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

Finally, the text “MTV CONTINUES” appeared.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

The music of the shorter version was little modified.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

Occasionally, an emblem with a space theme and an owl, as well as MTV's logo, was used.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

The text “MTV” and the owl disappeared into the background and the text “MTV CHANNEL” appeared on the box and the music was different.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

1990—1992 In 1990—1992, MTV's emblem featured a blue background, where five different colored squares appeared: one for the top left corner, one for the top right corner, and three at the bottom side by side.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

The square in the lower right corner turned to the left, revealing chapter 1 on the other side of the square, chapter 2 on network number two, and chapter 3 on network three (MTV's ID aired on network three only before and after Morning Finland).


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

Also, the square of the upper right corner turned to the left and the letters “TV” were revealed on the other side of it.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

The letter M appeared on the emblem, covering much of the screen.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

That square, showing the number of the television station, turned left one more time, at which point an owl emblem was revealed underneath it.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

The owl winked.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

From late March 1990 until late 1992, the emblem featured darker colours and lower chords (however the same music with a different fitting), than in January—March 1990.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

Admittedly, in 1992, the original version of the emblem was occasionally used.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

At the beginning of the ad break symbol there was one letter each in the square.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

In one square was an owl, which then turned to the letter U of the word Continued.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

MTV was at the bottom of the picture and the letters formed the word “CONTINUES.”


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

The letter M was big and the TV was small.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

In the ad break id, the music was slightly modified.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

It was used on network three only with promotional breaks of MTV's programs.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

Although the original emblem featured different music and light background, nevertheless the same five squares were in the emblem.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

The theme film was shown on TV1 and TV2 before and after MTV's programme sections.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

On channel three, the theme film was not shown except before and after the Morning Finland broadcast.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

MTV's self-produced programs had their own ad break tags until late 1992.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

The general advertising staple tag was used in conjunction with films and foreign series.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

Upon completion of programs, an emblem was often aired with a variation of MTV's main ID in miniature at the top and reading the show's genre name at the bottom, such as “Entertainment”, “Coming Up”, “Sports”, “Drama”, or “Series”.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

Other similar credentials included “Broadcasting” shown after news and current affairs programmes, “Current Affairs Programmes”, “Spede” shown after programmes produced by Spede Pasanen, and “Filmi” shown after films and foreign series.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

The music had been slightly altered from the original emblem.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

1993—1996 MTV began broadcasting programs in 1993 on its own channel MTV3, which had both a long and short ID.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

The long emblem lasted 30 seconds and at the beginning was a morning seascape, where a transparent triangle, a live owl and light blue ribbons formed in the centre of the triangle, the logo of MTV3 from the merger of the messages MTV and Channel Three.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

[11] The letters “MTV” were dark blue and chapter 3 was red.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

The long emblem was presented at the start of the program broadcast.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

The short ID lasted about 10 seconds and was aired after Seven News as well as at the conclusion of the programme broadcast.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

Short emblem music was a variant of snippet long emblem music.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

The short emblem also featured a morning landscape and featured the same live owl and the same blue ribbons as the long emblem.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

At the end of the emblem, the logo of MTV3 formed from the blue ribbons.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

The owl that appeared in the emblems was designed by John Kennedy McCallum of Kennedy D'Auria Ltd.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

[12] Over the decade ending little by little, so-called dice owls were also used.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

The first dice owl introduced in the fall of 1994 was a blue, shimmering owl in a red square.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

The dice owl was designed by Pekka Hamberg of Brand Seller DDB.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

[13] The background of the advance advertisements as well as the continuing emblem was green-purple and somewhat resembled saw paper.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

MTV3 began playing theme music for the first time exclusively for the channel, produced by Ile Kallio and Pekka Witika.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

Kallio and Witikka initially made three different theme music proposals for MTV3 and the channel adopted each.


Question: When was Bonnier founded?

MTV3

They eventually made 104 different adaptations using different styles from around the world.