Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Two years later, the band... And Justice for All reached number 6.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Similarly, albums by Megadeth and Anthrax made it into the top 40 charts.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[57] Although Slayer did not perform as well as the rest of the “big four”, the band's album Reign in Blood (1986) was among the trend's most groundbreaking releases.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Kerrang! magazine described it as “the heaviest album of all time”.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[58] In 2006, Metal Hammer magazine awarded it as the best album of the back years.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[59] Far-right skinheads began to admire the band.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Because of this, the band began to be accused of idolising violence and Nazism.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[60] Early in the early 1990s, thrash achieved cataclysmic success and punched itself through the mainstream of metal music.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[61] Metallica's Metallica (1991) reached the top of the Billboard charts, Megadeth's Countdown to Extinction (1992) reached number 2 and Anthrax and Slayer reached the top 10.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

In addition, Testament and Sepultura achieved positions on the top 100 list.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Death metal thrash soon began to develop and spawned other exteme metal genres.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

According to Allmusic, Slayer's Reign in Blood “almost exclusively influenced the emergence of the entire death metal genre in the United States.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

“[63] The NWOBHM band Venom was also a major progenitor.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

From these bands, the death metal trend took profane and diabolical influences.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

The name of the trend is apparently derived from the song “Death Metal”, a song from the album Seven Churches (1985) by the band Possessed.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Death metal utilized the speed and offensiveness of both thrash and hardcore punk.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

These ingredients were then combined with lyrics inspired by the violence and occult nature of slasher films.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[64] Death metal's vocals tend to be rough.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Typically, the expression is a corny growl or sometimes a screech or other unusual style.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[65] The deep and offensive vocal style is accentuated by powerful, low-tuned cracking guitars.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[64] Drum-playing is fast, utilising techniques such as double basar, blast beat and syncope.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Frequently changing speeds and pace types are also typical.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

In death metal, the large-gestured stage appearance that was found in other metal styles except thrash was abandoned.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Death metal musicians usually dress in mundane ripped jeans and leather jackets.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[66] However, the exception is Glen Benton of Deicide, who burned an upside cross on his forehead and wore armour on stage.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Morbid Angel, on the other hand, is known for his neo-fascist appearance.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[66] These two bands, as well as Death and Obituary, were the leading ensembles in the trend.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Death metal circles emerged with these bands in Florida in the mid-1980s.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

In the UK, a relative of death metal was grindcore.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

It was led by bands such as Napalm Death and Extreme Noise Terror, whose roots lay in the anarcho-punk trend.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[64] Scandinavian death metal circles also began to develop, with pioneering bands including Swedish Entombed and Dismember.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Scandinavian death metal developed into a melodic death metal style, popularized by Swedish bands In Flames, Dark Tranquillity and At the Gates, as well as Finnish bands Children of Bodom, Kalmah and Norther.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

The 1990s saw the emergence of technical death metal in the United States, represented by bands such as Atheist and Cynic.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

They developed the speed and technicality of guitar playing to be exceptionally proficient.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

The first wave of black metal began in Europe early in the 1980s.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

The trend was led by British firm Venom, Swiss Hellhammer and Celtic Frost, and Swede Bathory.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

In the late 1980s, Norwegian bands Darkthrone, Mayhem, Burzum and Emperor led the second wave.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[67] Black metal's style and sound production varies from band to band.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Most bands, however, make use of screech or growl vocals, raw guitar cracks and a “sombre” vibe.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[65] Darkthrone's drummer Fenriz explains, “It has something to do with what the sound production is like, what the lyrics are like and how the musicians dress.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Likewise how they dedicate themselves to producing ugly, raw and barren stuff.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

There was no general style.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

“[68] Satanic topics are typical in black metal.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Many musicians of the style, however, seek their inspiration from ancient paganism.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

This often expresses the will to return to a time when there were no Christian values.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[69] In the 1990s, Mayhem almost always wore body masks, which then became common in stage performances by other black metal musicians.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Bathory influenced the emergence of Viking metal and folk metal trends, and Immortal developed blast beat expression at its peak.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

At the same time, other Scandinavian black metal bands were linked to violence in the media, which occurred considerably in the early 1990s.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[70] Mayhem and Burzum were accused of church burnings and Satan worship.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Death metal's increased commercial attention caused a backlash: many Scandinavian metal bands changed and supported black metal circles with objections to “lackluster” music.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[71] Gaahl, the lead singer of the band Gorgoroth, has said: “Black metal was never supposed to reach any target audience.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

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We had a common problem.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

It was, of course, Christianity, socialism and everything that democracy stands for.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

“[68] In 1992 black metal circles began to emerge outside Scandinavia.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

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Soon they existed in Germany, France and Poland.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

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[72] Black metal received immense media attention in 1993 when Mayhem's Euronymous was assassinated by Varg Vikernes of Burzum.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

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[68] In 1996, the districts had become inactive by many.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[73] This is why prominent bands such as Burzum and Finnish Beherit started playing dark ambient.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

At the same time, Swedish band Tiamat and Swiss band Samael were developing a symphonic black metal trend.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[74] In the late 1990s and early 2000s, the Norwegian Dimmu Borgir brought black metal almost into the mainstream.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

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[75] So did Cradle of Filth, who are claimed to be England's most successful metal band after Iron Maiden.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[76] Critics have received acclaim including Swedish Watain, [77] French Deathspell Omega, [78] and US Xasthur.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[79] Power metal and progressive metal in the mid-1990s, a subgenre called power metal became popular in response to the brutal expression of death and black metal [80] as well as the following of nu metal's time.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[81] Power metal focuses on fast, epic melodies and subjects that “appeal to the valor and indulgence of the listener”.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[82] The term “power metal” had been in use since the early 1980s, [83] but it was used to describe much different bands.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[84] To its present significance, it became firmly established when the German Helloween created the basic model of the subspecies in the 1980s.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

The band combined power riffs, a melodic approach and sparky vocals reminiscent of Judas Priest and Iron Maiden.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

To this, the band added even more speed and energy of speed and thrash metal.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

The band established from these ingredients the concept now known as power metal.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[85] Manowar and Virgin Steele, from New York, were pioneering US ensembles.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Yngwie J. Malmsteen's Rising Force (1984) made popular the very fast guitaring known as a tilute.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

In addition, Malmsteen combined elements of art music with metal.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

This significantly affected the power metal.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

The trend has been very popular in Europe but mainly a favorite of small districts in the United States.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[86] Enthusiast circles have emerged especially in Japan and South America.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

In the latter are popular commons such as Brazilian Angra and Argentine Rata Blanca.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Progressive metal is related to power metal.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

The trend took on a complex way of approaching music from bands such as Rush and King Crimson.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Progressive metal developed in the United States early in the 1980s, and pioneers of the style included Queensrÿche, Fates Warning, and Dream Theater.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

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In the 1990s, Queensrÿche released the album Empire, which sold triple platinum.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

The blend of progressive metal and power metal is represented by Symphony X.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

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Its guitarist, Michael Romeo, is considered one of the most prominent ledgers.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[87] The doom metal and goth metal Doom metal trend emerged in the mid-1980s, with developers including US companies Saint Vitus, The Obsessed and Trouble, and Swedish band Candlemass.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

The trend slowed the pace of the music to a slanting speed and in doing so dismissed other metal bands” obsession with pace.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Black Sabbath's early albums and lyrics topics influenced the development of doom metal.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[89] In addition to Sabbath, influencers included Blue Cheer, Pentagram and Black Widow.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[90] Doom metal and its subgenres have also been significantly influenced by The Melvins.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[91] Doom gravitates to melody, downbeat pace, and graved-chilly mood.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[92] The British band Cathedral's first-born album Forest of Equilibrium (1991) started the second wave of doom metal.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

During the same period, British bands Paradise Lost, My Dying Bride and Anathema began playing the doom-death combo genre.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

These three ensembles soon spawned a European gothic metal trend.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

This style is characterised by the joint vocals of the two singers, exemplified by the Norwegians Theatre of Tragedy and Tristania.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Type O Negative introduced goth metal to the United States.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Later, Swedish Therion combined influences from art music, and gave rise to a symphonic metal trend differentiated from goth metal.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Its prominent representatives have since emerged as Australian Virgin Black and Dutch Within Temptation, as well as After Forever.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

In the late 1980s, a sludge metal trend emerged in the United States, combining doom metal and hardcore punk.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Leading ensembles in the trend include Eyehategod and Crowbar.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Early in the following decade Californians Kyuss and Sleep developed the stoner metal trend [93] while Earth from Seattle helped create a subgenre of drone metal.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[94] In the late 1990s, new notable ensembles emerged.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

The Goatsnake of Los Angeles played the traditional stoner-doom style.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Sunn O))) again combined doom, drone and dark ambient metal.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Its style has been described by the New York Times as “Native American romance in the midst of an earthquake.”


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[92] In 2006, the Atlanta-based Mastodon reached a position on Billboard's top 40 list with his album Blood Mountain.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Alternative metal and new metal: 1990s and 2000s Metal music mastery in the mainstream ended up in the early 1990s as Nirvana and other grunge bands became popular.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

This marked a breakthrough for alternative rock.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[95] Grunge bands took influence from metal music but avoided the ways of popular bands.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Glam metal lost popularity for two reasons.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

First, for grunge.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[96] Secondly, because Metallica and the post-thrash band Pantera made the more offensive style popular.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[97] At the beginning of the decade, a few new metal bands achieved commercial success: Pantera's Far Beyond Driven reached the top of the Billboard charts in 1994.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

However, from a mainstream perspective, metal music was dead.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[98] Some ensembles tried to change their style.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Metallicak reenacted their fame image: the members cut their hair, and the band performed at alternative music event Lollapalooza in 1996.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Old admirers of the band did not like this change.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[99] However, Metallica remained one of the most successful bands of the century.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[100] Like Jane's Addiction, many of the most successful bands of the 1990s were in the alternative metal subgenre.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[101] The concept was associated with many ensembles that incorporated different styles into metal music.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Alternative metal included, for example, Alice in Chains, who combined grunge, and noise rock-influenced White Zombie.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Other bands experimented with different styles: Faith No More combined punk, funk, metal and hip hop with alternative rock; Primus again incorporated ingredients from funk, punk, thrash metal, and experimental music into their music.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Tool combined metal and progressive rock.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Synthesizers are used and occasionally remotely influenced from the dance music side by bands such as Rammstein, Lacuna Coil and Velcra, as well as the industrial metal genre in general.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Common to all of the above bands is that they no longer seek to seek extreme offensiveness in their music, although elements typical of metal music are often found in their lyrics and guitar riffs.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Ministry mixed metal in its industrial style.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

So did Marilyn Manson, though it also combined influences from shock rock that Alice Cooper had made popular.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Alternative metal bands were united by a desire to experiment with metal music and a disgust for the visuals of glam metal.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Exceptions to the latter are White Zombie and Marilyn Manson.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[101] Alternative metal's style combinations represented a variegated result of what openness to different styles brought about.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[102] The late 1990s saw the start of a new wave of US metal as bands were inspired by the stylistic experiments of alternative metal connections.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[103] This trend began to be called neo-metal or rapcore (“nu metal”).


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Bands such as P.O.D., Korn, Papa Roach, Limp Bizkit, Slipknot and Linkin Park “had devised a new formula in which heavy metal's thunderous mound met the supple anfunky rhythm of rap.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

And once the two had been brought together, the compromise was finalized with death metal's creepy sound barrier.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

“[104] Neo-metal gained popularity on MTV broadcasts.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

In addition, an Ozzfest event started by Ozzy Osbourne prompted the relays to talk about the new rise of metal music in 1996.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[105] In the same year Korn published Life Is Peachy.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

It was the first nu metal album to reach the top 10 of the album charts.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Two years later, the band's Follow the Leader went to the top spot in 1999.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Billboard noted that at the time there were 500 radio shows specializing in metal music in the United States.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

That was 3 times more than 10 years ago.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[106] Although nu metal was popular in the early 2000s, enthusiasts of traditional metal music disliked the style.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[107] In 2005, the rapcore trend began to subside.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

However, P.O.D.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

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and Korn as well as bands such as System of a Down continued their success.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[108] New developments: The mid-2000s Metalcore trend appeared in the mainstream in 2002—2003 and achieved commercial success.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

The style was originally an American cross between thrash metal, melodic death metal and hardcore punk.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

The style has its roots in the crossover thrash trend, developed by bands such as Suicidal Tendencies, Dirty Rotten Imbeciles and Stormtroopers of Death in the mid-1980s.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[109] In the 1990s, metalcore was just a style of small circuits.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

By 2004, however, it had become popular enough for Killswitch Engage's The End of Heartache and Shadows Fall's The War Within to reach consecutive slots 21 and 20 on the Billboard album charts.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[110] Welsh band Bullet for My Valentine achieved similar placings on the British charts with their album The Poison (2005).


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Lamb of God went on Billboard's top 10 list with his album Sacrament (2006).


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Metalcore bands also got to perform at Ozzfest and Download Festival events.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

In Europe, especially Germany and the Nordic countries, metal music continues to gain popularity.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Groups such as post-thrash band The Haunted, melodic death metal bands In Flames and Children of Bodom, black metal bands Cradle of Filth and Dimmu Borgir, and symphonic metal band Nightwish have been particularly successful.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

In English-speaking countries, the term “retro-metal” has come to be used from bands such as The Darkness [111] and Wolfmother.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[112] The Darkness's Permission to Landia (2003) has been described as “a frighteningly true-to-life imitation of 1980s metal and 1970s glam rock”.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[111] The album reached the top spot on the British charts and sold five times platinum.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Wolfmother's 2005 firstborn album showcased Deep Purple and Led Zeppelin influences.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[112] The metal bands raised in music media, which have already made their breakthrough in the 1990s, are generally regarded as major trendsetters in the future of metal music, continuing on an offensive line traditional to metal.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

These ensembles include Children of Bodom, In Flames, Nightwish and Opeth in the Nordic countries.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

The aforementioned bands are essentially just examples of the mainstream of future metal music, as globally, both different metal genres and their notable ensembles are particularly abundant in activity in the mid-2000s.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

The new trend is also represented by Machinae Supremacy, which combines the SID sound circuit and metal music into the Commodore 64.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Topics Visual Reputation Image Metal band album covers and concert appearances are as much a part of the band's reputation image as the music itself.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[113] Metal music is characterised by a holistic nature of expression that extends beyond music.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

While music remains in metal expression in the main role, it is not the only systematically elaborated substance.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Each ensemble's reputation image (image) stems from many different aspects.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

These include album cover art and cover cover artwork, the visual side of concerts, logo, tone of lyrics, and musicians' clothing.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

For example, fantasy illustrator Ken Kelly works principally with Manowar in the music industry.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

He has created distinctive, muscular, sombre and vengeful album illustrations.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

These form the reputation image that is now an integral part of the ensemble.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

These illustrations form the overall feel of the albums.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Through them, the audience can enter the world of the band's music.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

One well-known figure among metal music enthusiasts is Iron Maiden's mascot Eddie the Head, an imprint of visual artist Derek Riggs's hand, as well as cover art for Stratovarius and Gamma Ray.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

It is included on almost every album by the band.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Another identifiable mascot is Vic Rattlehead created by artist Ed Repka and used by Megadeth, who, especially in the band's early days, often featured in album cover art and accompanying materials.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

The live performance of metal bands is notoriously energetic and quite strident.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

The ensembles have also carefully focused on their exterior and stage show.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Ensembles almost invariably use pyrotechnics and other spectacular effects to their advantage.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Playing heavy rock, Kiss brought pyrotechnics and a light show to their concerts among the first ensembles.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

The band is also known for e.g.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

from their black and white face masks and high platform shoes.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Since then, some bands such as White Zombie and Iron Maiden have taken clear influences from theatrical heavyrock bands of the 1970s.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Lyrics Typical topics in metal music lyrics include sex, violence, fantasy, the occult and death.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

The sexual nature that has already been part of metal music lyrics in the times of Led Zeppelin dates back to the blues roots of the trend.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[114] Metal music songs often feature surreal lyrics inspired by fantasy.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

They are reality compulsion in general appearance.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Among others, many of Iron Maiden's songs sought their inspiration from mythology, fiction, and poetry.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

For example, the song “Rime of the Ancient Mariner” is based on a poem by Samuel Taylor Coleridge.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Other well-known examples include Black Sabbath's “The Wizard”, Megadeth's “The Conjuring” and “Five Magics”, and Judas Priest's “Dreamer Deceiver”.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Metal musicians also often write stand-taking lyrics on topics such as war, nuclear destruction, environmental problems, politics, or religion.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Examples of this include Black Sabbath's “War Pigs”, Ozzy Osbourne's “Killer of Giants”, Metallica's... And Justice for All, Iron Maiden's “2 Minutes to Midnight”, Accept's “Balls to the Wall”, and Megadeth's Peace Sells.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Subjects such as evil, darkness, power, and apocalypse are often used metaphorically in metal music to express real-life problems.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Almost all metal bands use them in their lyrics.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[115] The expression, subject lines and mood that characterised metal music developed partly on the basis of music popularized by the 1960s hippie movement, and partly as a counterreaction to it.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Rock historians often claim that truer lyrics appeared in the style's blues roots than in current metal music trends.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

They featured topics dealing with mental cleansing, such as the loss of a loved one, grief and loneliness.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Topics in metal music have been the subject of criticism from their old age.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

While some enthusiasts think the message of metal music is not dreary, critics accuse it of glorifying the negative things in reality.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Music critics have identified metal music's imagery and lyrics as types.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Others have spoken out against what they see as endorsements of misogyny and the occult.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

In the 1980s, the Parents Music Resource Center petitioned the United States Parliament to regulate popular music due to its disapproving lyrics.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Metal music was specifically the subject of prosecutions.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

The original designation of metal music was “heavy metal”, which in Finnish now primarily means the most traditional subgenre of the trend.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

There is no certainty as to the origin of the concept.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

The phrase was used in the chemical and metal fields from heavy metal for centuries.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Since then, it has been published in the Oxford University English Dictionary also in the sense of music orientation.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

One of the first to use the word in modern counterculture was William S. Burroughs, who in his novel The Soft Machine (1961) [116] refers to a character called “Uranian Willy, the heavy metal kid”.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[117] In his next novel Nova Express, published in 1964, he develops this subject forward by using “heavy metal” as a metaphor for addictive intoxicants.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[118] It can also mean “heavy artillery”.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

The first use of the term “heavy metal” in a recorded song occurred in 1968 with the song “Born to Be Wild” by the band Steppenwolf: In the book The Fracket of the Beast is also recounted as to the origin of the name: In American colloquialism, the word “heavy” in the sense of “merciless” or “ thorough "[119]) had ended up in counterculture slang, where it already commonly meant music of exceptional heavy chord.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

For example, one can mention the band Iron Butterfly, which made its debut in San Diego in 1966.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

The band's name (literally “iron butterfly”), has been explained on its albums: “iron” reflected the heaviness of sound and “butterfly” again a light, pleasant, adaptable and freely dominated by imagination.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[120] In addition, the band's first album, released in 1968, is titled Heavy.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

The Led Zeppelin band's name was inspired by Keith Moon, who said that the band would “fall” like a lead airship.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[121] Possibly this to heavy metal (“lead”, engl.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

lead → led) and the name referring to the airship confirmed the association of the concept of heavy metal with a new rock trend.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Sandy Pearlman, producer, manager and songwriter of the band Blue Öyster Cult, claims that in the 1970s he was the first to use the term “heavy metal” in the context of rock music.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

It's true that he was a pioneer of rock criticism at US magazine Crawdaddy.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[122] In 1971, he published a review in the magazine of the album The Notorious Byrd Brothers by the band The Byrds, in which he uses the term “heavy metal” to describe the song “Artificial Energy”.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[123] Later, Chas Chandler, former manager of The Jimi Hendrix Experience, made a controversial claim about the origin of the term in an interview with US news network Public Broadcasting Serciven Rock and Roll program in 1995.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

He claimed that heavy metal “was a term derived from a New York Times newspaper article criticising Jimi Hendrix's performance”.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

The author of the article described the concert in words as “like listening to heavy metal rain from the sky.”


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

No source was ever found for Chandler's claim and its accuracy is doubted.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

The first instance attested in writing where the term “heavy metal” was used to describe an entire musical style occurred in May 1971 in the US magazine “Creem”, where critic Mike Saunders criticised Sir Lord Baltimore's album Kingdom Come: Subsequently Creemin reviewer Lester Bangs has been honoured as someone who made the term “heavy metal” popular with essays he wrote in the early 1970s.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

He used the concept of ensembles such as Led Zeppelin and Black Sabbath.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[124] “Heavy metal” may originally have been a mock designation used by critics, but enthusiasts of the trend soon adopted it as their own.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Some bands that had already established their status as Deep Purple, with roots in psychedelic or progressive rock, were soon merged with heavy metal, thus adopting an even more offensive style of music.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

The terms “heavy metal” and “hard rock” have often been used alternatively - particularly when talking about bands from the 1970s, as the terms were of similar meaning at the time.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[125] For example, the Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll book published in 1983 contains the phrase: “known for its aggressive blues-based hard-rock style, Aerosmith was the top American heavy-metal band of the Mid-Seventies. “().


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[126] Today few would characterize Aerosmith's traditional style as “heavy metal” let alone metal music.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Not all bands associated with the birth of metal music are currently considered metal music bands.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Led Zeppelin and Deep Purple, for example, aren't considered by many to be actual metal music.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Influence of art music Metal music has taken significant ingredients from art music.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

They typically come from composers of Baroque, Romanticism and contemporary music.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Examples were Johann Sebastian Bach, Niccolò Paganini, Richard Wagner, Ludwig van Beethoven, Béla Bartók and Igor Stravinsky.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Romanticism composers made use of tritonus precisely for its bleak and anxious sideline notation.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

These included Franz Liszt and 20th-century art music composers such as Bartók, Stravinsky and Arnold Schönberg.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

In the 1970s, Deep Purple and Rainbow guitarist Ritchie Blackmore began experimenting with musical patterns borrowed from art music.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

In the 1980s, meanwhile, guitarist Randy Rhoads and Uli Jon Roth sought designs, speed and technique from 18th-century composers.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Influences from the same roots have been drawn by Yngwie Malmsteen.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

With his experiments, he has inspired many players of neoclassical metal such as Michael Romeo, Michael Angelo Batio and Tony MacAlpine.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Metal music, however, can hardly be said to be a descendant of art music, although many metal musicians have cited art music composers as their inspirations.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[127] As many critics and analysts have noted, metal music musicians focus on borrowing superficial features of art music such as motifs, melodies, and scales.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Metal music ensembles, including progressive and neoclassic metal ensembles, generally do not attempt to observe the compositional or aesthetic predicaments of art music.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Art music is civilized music, while metal music is popular music.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[128] Musicians who cite, for example, Bach as their influence, less often make use of the contrapunkt.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Namely, it is the central part of the composer's work.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Besides, metal music makes extensive use of power chords.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

This necessitates numerous successive quinties and octaves.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

It, on the other hand, breaks the rules that make up the central essence of art music.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[129] Gestures In their stage performances, many metal musicians often practice the headbanging gesture, which involves the top being forged rhythmically to the beat, which is emphasized by the movement of long hair.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

The use of a “devil horn sign” (mano cornuta), often linked to metal music, was reportedly initiated by former Rainbow soloist Ronnie James Dio while serving as Black Sabbath's vocalist to create a style distinctive from his predecessor Ozzy Osbourne.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[130] According to Dio, he originally learned the sign from his grandmother and the original purpose of the sign has apparently been to combat the evil eye.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Gene Simmons of the band KISS also claims to have been the first to make that mark in concert.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[131] Visitors to metal concerts do not “dance” in the conventional sense: in the book Heavy Metal: A Cultural Sociology, Deena Weinstein is of the opinion that this is due to the predominantly male audience and “extreme heterosexual ideology” of the trend.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

He names two basic movements equivalent to dancing: the headbanging gesture and the waving of the hand, both of which express appreciation of music and rhythmic gesture.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[132] The air guitar gesture is popular among metal enthusiasts both at concerts and at home.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[133] Other gestures of the concert audience include stage diving, crowd surfing, shoving and tucking in a chaotic moshpit (moshaus) and making horn signs.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Subculture Deena Weinstein says metal music has outlasted other genres of rock music largely because of the emergence of an intense, exclusionary, and intensely manly subculture with style.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[134] Although the metal music subculture is predominantly of young, white, male working people, the group's members are “tolerant in their inner circle of those who adhere to an accepted dress code, appearance and manners.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

“[135] The association with the metal subculture is reinforced by not only attending concerts and fashion but also writing for metal music magazines and websites.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[136] Metal music circles have been referred to as a “subculture of alienation”, because of their authenticity code.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[137] The authenticity code imposes a number of requirements on musicians: they must be both fully dedicated to their music and loyal to the subculture that supports it; they must not be interested in mainstream visibility and radio popularity; and they must not “succumb to commercialism”.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[138] For admirers, the code pursues “opposition to established authority and isolation from the rest of society.”


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[139] Musician and videographer Rob Zombie stated that “most of the young people who come to my stage shows seem like really imaginative young people who have a lot of creative energy but they don't really know what to do with it” and that metal music is “outside music to outsiders.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Nobody wants to be the weird guy; you just somehow end up being the weird guy.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

That's the way it is somehow, but when it comes to metal music, all the weird guys end up in the same place.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

“[140] Metal music scholars have noted the tendency of admirers to classify and knock out some performers, as well as other admirers, as “posers” who pretend to be part of a subculture but who do not appear to be genuine or sincere”.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

[137] [141] Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Bond, Jacklyn & Laine, Henrik| title= 101 heavy metal albums that everyone needs to hear even once in life| location = Helsinki| publisher = readme.fi| year = 2010| version = (The 100 best and best and absolute greatest heavy metal albums in the world, 2009.)


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Translator: Johanna Virtanen.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Henrik Laine is the author of Finland| id = ISBN 978-952-220-180-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Bukszpan, Daniel| title = Heavy metal: Heavy music pioneers, giants and rebels | location = Helsinki| publisher = Nemo| year = 2010| version = (The encyclopedia of heavy metal, 2003.)


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Preface: Ronnie James Dio| id = ISBN 978-952-240-054-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Christe, Ian| title = Beast racket: Heavy metal old and new testament| location = Helsinki| publisher = Johnny Kniga| year = 2006| version = (Sound of the beast: The complete headbanging history of heavy metal, 2003.)


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Translated by Jone Nikula| id = ISBN 978-951-0-31126-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Moynihan, Michael & Søderlind, Didrik| title = Princes of Chaos: Black Metal Fairs | location = Helsinki| publisher = Johnny Kniga| year = 2008| version = Dies of chaos: The bloody rise of the satanic metal underground, 1998.)


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Translated by Kai Latvalehto.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Preface: Jussi Ahlroth| id = ISBN 978-951-0-34109-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Nikula, Jone| title = Iron Age: History of Finnish metal 1988—2002| location = Helsinki| publisher = Johnny Kniga| year = 2002| id = ISBN 951-270-360-7-8}} On the topic elsewhere, a Finnish language metal site.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

, news about metal music and ensembles.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

, a large band database.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

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Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

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Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.. , a Finnish-language 80's Hard Rock/Heavy Metal website.. Viljami Puustinen:.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

Student magazine 7/2001.


Question: How many subspecies does metal music have?

Metal music

* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Who has founded Brazil?

Brazilian Space Agency

Agência Espacial Brasileira is a Brazilian space agency founded in 1994, subordinate to the Brazilian Ministry of Science and Technology.


Question: Who has founded Brazil?

Brazilian Space Agency

[1] It is headed by Sergio Gaudenzi.


Question: Who has founded Brazil?

Brazilian Space Agency

In 2009, the Director-General (President) of the organization is Carlos Ganem.


Question: Who has founded Brazil?

Brazilian Space Agency

In 2009, it has a budget of $294 million.


Question: Who has founded Brazil?

Brazilian Space Agency

[2] Background INPE (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais) is a Brazilian Institute for Space Research founded as early as 1961.


Question: Who has founded Brazil?

Brazilian Space Agency

Even then, this act showed Brazil's aspiration to be able to perform that Western countries have succeeded in.


Question: Who has founded Brazil?

Brazilian Space Agency

This organization and the Armed Forces Space Exploration Groups effectively functioned as the Brazilian Space Agency until 1994.


Question: Who has founded Brazil?

Brazilian Space Agency

In 1994, the leadership of space operations transitioned from the armed forces to a civilian function.


Question: Who has founded Brazil?

Brazilian Space Agency

Space operations began in Brazil with ionosphere measurements as in other space countries because the ionosphere can be studied inexpensively with spheres and small rockets.


Question: Who has founded Brazil?

Brazilian Space Agency

For its space operations Brazil sought to develop with the United States, but U.S. technology export bans made cooperation for Brazil too expensive and slow.


Question: Who has founded Brazil?

Brazilian Space Agency

Since the end of the Cold War, it has developed its space technology with China, Israel, Ukraine and Argentina.


Question: Who has founded Brazil?

Brazilian Space Agency

The satellites on February 9, 1993 were launched by a Brazilian SCD-1 satellite aboard a U.S.-built Pegasus launch vehicle into space.


Question: Who has founded Brazil?

Brazilian Space Agency

The satellite is probably only partially Brazilian.


Question: Who has founded Brazil?

Brazilian Space Agency

Brazil has developed remote sensing satellites with the People's Republic of China.


Question: Who has founded Brazil?

Brazilian Space Agency

They share a common series of CBERS remote sensing satellites, the latest versions of which vibrational testing of CBERS-3 and CBERS-4 will be carried out in Brazil.


Question: Who has founded Brazil?

Brazilian Space Agency

This is a significant step towards becoming Brazil's entirely own satellite.


Question: Who has founded Brazil?

Brazilian Space Agency

Brazil is working to monitor the state of Amazonas forests with these satellites.


Question: Who has founded Brazil?

Brazilian Space Agency

It also — unlike Western countries — distributes imagery free of charge to countries in South America and Africa.


Question: Who has founded Brazil?

Brazilian Space Agency

[3] In early 2010, Brazil and China announced that they would postpone the launch of the CBERS-3 satellite from 2010 until mid-2011.


Question: Who has founded Brazil?

Brazilian Space Agency

[4] Over million images on CBERS satellites are available for free over the Internet to all.


Question: Who has founded Brazil?

Brazilian Space Agency

Manned Flights Brazil has been involved in the implementation and financing of the ISS space station since 1997.


Question: Who has founded Brazil?

Brazilian Space Agency

On March 30, 2006, Brazilian spaceflier Marcos Pontes flew aboard a Soyuz spacecraft to the ISS space station as part of the crew of Expedition 12, returning to earth on April 8, 2006.


Question: Who has founded Brazil?

Brazilian Space Agency

[5] With its own launch vehicle and launch center, the Brazilian Space Agency built the Alcântara Space Center in the 1990s.


Question: Who has founded Brazil?

Brazilian Space Agency

It used either Russian or Ukrainian engineers to assist in developing the national VLS-1 launcher.


Question: Who has founded Brazil?

Brazilian Space Agency

On August 22, 2003, a prototype of that launcher exploded there, in which as many as 21 people were killed in the accident.


Question: Who has founded Brazil?

Brazilian Space Agency

On October 23, 2004, the launch of the VSB-30 sounding rocket was successful and this has been followed by several successful probing flights.


Question: Who has founded Brazil?

Brazilian Space Agency

[6] [7] [8] Brazil intends to expand its space centre with a total of 12 launch towers.


Question: Who has founded Brazil?

Brazilian Space Agency

[9] It is either a test launch operation or also includes the launch towers of sounding rockets, otherwise the centre seems oversized.


Question: Who has founded Brazil?

Brazilian Space Agency

This is not much different from the experience of other first rocket developers and shows that too great risks have been taken.


Question: Who has founded Brazil?

Brazilian Space Agency

In early 2010, Brazil's space agency announced it would develop its own launch vehicle by 2014, apparently buying technology from Russia.


Question: Who has founded Brazil?

Brazilian Space Agency

[10] Brazil launched its domestic VSB-3 launch vehicle on 12 December 2010 for a ballistic flight into space, with a legal altitude of more than 290km.


Question: Who has founded Brazil?

Brazilian Space Agency

[11] Cooperation with the People's Republic of China on remote sensing satellites is the main directions of Brazilian space activities, but it has acquired rocket technology from Russia or Ukraine and is involved in the implementation of the ISS space station.


Question: Who has founded Brazil?

Brazilian Space Agency

In early October 2009, the Brazilian Space Agency entered into a 4-year cooperation agreement with Belgium (Belgian Space Center of Liege).


Question: Who has founded Brazil?

Brazilian Space Agency

[12] See also INPE Institute for Space Research Sources on the topic elsewhere. The Internet Encyclopedia of Science.


Question: Who has founded Brazil?

Brazilian Space Agency

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Question: Who has founded Brazil?

Brazilian Space Agency

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Who has founded Brazil?

Brazilian Space Agency

Category:Brazilian science and technology Category:Space agencies


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

Oy Karl Fazer Ab (until 1970 O.Y.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

Karl Fazer A.B.)


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

is a Finnish family-owned company operating in the bakery and food service sector with operations in eight countries and exports to more than 40 countries.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[1] In addition to Finland, the company operates in Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Russia, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

The company manufactures bakery, biscuit and confectionery products, and has restaurant and cafe operations.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[2] Organization and activities thumbnail image|Skogaholm-fazer, Eskilstuna.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

Group management and joint services operate approximately 200 people in six countries.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

Group management includes Communications, Legal, HR, Finance and Finance, Risk Management, Security, Investment Management, M&A, Real Estate Management and Internal Audit.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

Joint services include IT, accounting and human resources management.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[2] In March 2014, the Fazer Group split into three business lines and two business units.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

Business areas include Fazer Bakeries, Fazer Confectionery and Fazer Food Services.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

Business units include Fazer Cafés and Fazer Mill.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[3] Bakeries Fazer has a total of 19 bakeries in Finland, Sweden, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Russia and its bakery products are exported to 20 countries.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

Along with Fazer, Fazer's bakery brands include Oululainen, Skogaholm, Hlebnyi Dom, Druva and Gardesis.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

Fazer manufactures its biscuits in Vantaa, and its biscuit brands in Finland include Jyväsgood, Domino, Jaffa, Fasupala, Carneval, Chocolate leaf, Muro and Hangon.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[2] The number of Fazer commuter bakeries located in stores was 47 in Finland in 2013.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

There are 25 bakery shops in Sweden and four in Finland.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

Fazer's Lappeenranta bakery makes Karelian pies.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

Fazer's Karelian pies are Rukiinen Pie, Rukiinen Imatran Rice Pie, Vuoksen Pie, Rukiinen Potato Pie and Rukiinen Carrot Pie.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

Bakeries Hyvinkää and Ulvila production facilities were closed in autumn 2015.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[4] In April 2016, Fazer was reported to have bought the Domino, Jaffa and Fanipala brands back into its ownership.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[5] Food Service Fazer's food services cover, among other things, private and public sector staff restaurants, student restaurants, convention, convention and charter restaurants, and dining services in schools and public institutions.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

Food Services brands include Amica, Blue, Fazer and wip, and includes around 1100 restaurants in Finland, Sweden, Norway and Denmark.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

Approximately 400,000 customers use the restaurants daily.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[2] In addition, Fazer had seven cafes in Finland and 15 in Sweden in 2013.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[3] In the confectionery business, Fazer is the market leader in Finland with a 30-40% stake [6] and has operations in the Baltic Sea region.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

Sweets are sold to more than 40 countries.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

Fazer's international confectionery brands include Karl Fazer, Geisha, Dumle, Tutti Frutti, Xylimax, Marianne, Tyrkisk Peber, Panther and Ace.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

Fazer confectionery factories are located in Finland in Karkkila (chewing gum), Lappeenranta (sugar sweets) and Vantaa (chocolates).


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[2] Fazer produces 25000 tonnes of chocolate per year.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[7] It became a member of the World Cocoa Organization in 2005.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[8] History The time of Karl Fazer, 1891—1932 The father of the Fazer Group, Karl Fazer founded his pastry shop in Helsinki in Kluuvikatu 3 in the autumn of 1891.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

In the neighboring building he opened a cafe, and then connected the apartments, the pastry space was separated from the cafe space by a curtain.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

In particular, Fazer's cafeteria became a meeting place for students, where not only coffee and cupcakes, but also port wine.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

Fazer's cafes and pastry shops, which existed in Töölö, in addition to the city centre, became part of Helsinki cultural life.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[9] In 1895, the original Rowan marmalades, which are Fazer products still sold in the Kluuvikatu patisserie, began to be produced in 1895.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[10] In 1897, Fazer began manufacturing confectionery on a factory basis following customs changes.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

Previously, it had not been profitable, as sweets imported from Russia were very advantageous due to their duty exemption.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

After the change, the manufacture of confectionery became profitable in Finland too, but only in large enough quantities.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

Therefore, Karl Fazer established a confectionery factory in Punavuori, Helsinki, on the block between Tehtaankatu and Pursimiehenkatu.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

The factory building received the name Master House.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

The wholesale business of his brother Max Fazer operated on the same plot.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

The brothers agreed on wholesale distribution of the sweets, and Max supported his brother by guaranteeing his bank loan.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

Karl Fazer, who studied confectionery making at Europe's leading confectionery shops, combined the best of Russian and French confectionery culture.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

The sweets were premium in quality and attractive in appearance, and they were packaged magnificently.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

Karl Fazer knew how to sell his products and mastered marketing, and so, for example, Helsinki trams already had Fazer's confectionery advertisements at the end of the 19th century.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

His wife, Berta Fazer became closely involved in the business, including managing bookkeeping, decorating shop windows and doing other advertising related tasks, for example, inventing names for new caramels with the family.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

The emergence of new brand names was always celebrated with a bunch.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[9] Among the first caramel species in the Fazer factory were the Emperor Blend, the Iris and the Kiss Kiss caramels.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

About two dozen people worked in the factory, a large number of whom came from Russia.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

The export of sweets was started in 1898, after the products had received prizes at international exhibitions.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

The products were sold in most European countries, but also in Morocco, the Levant, Ceylon and Dutch India.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[9] Fazer's trademark was registered in 1908, when a new house built to replace the original Kluuvikatu building was also opened.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

In 1918 Karl Fazer already owned the block at the west end of Tehtaankatu in its entirety, and in 1924 biscuits were started in Helsinki.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

The stock of the Finnish-English Biscuit factory was purchased in Hanko in 1928, which multiplied the production of biscuits [9].


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

The building, once renovated in Kluuvikatu, was demolished in 1928, and a new functionalist building, drawn by Gösta Juslen, opened in 1930.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

Karl Fazer died at the age of 66 on October 9, 1932, after suffering a heart attack.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

His only son, Sven Fazer, had ascended to the management of the company even before this, although formally Carl Voss-Schrader still served as CEO until 1939.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

Sven Fazer had already worked for the company since 1914.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[9] [11] For the years 1933—1999 Sven Fazer served as CEO for 15 years, until 1955.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[9] During his time, the parent company Oy Karl Fazer Ab was the largest confectionery factory in Finland and the company grew to become the largest in the Nordic countries in its field.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

Sven Fazer's leadership period dates the following well-known brands: [11] Fazer's Blue chocolate (1922), Nurmi lozenges named after Paavo Nurmi (1926), Muro biscuits (1927), Green balls and French lozenges (1929), Fazer's best (1935), Euca-Menthol (1937), Salmiac lozenge (1938) PAX lozenges (1947) in honour of the Paris Peace Treaty.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

Domino Biscuits and Fazerina Chocolate Bars (1953).


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

Oululainen Oy started producing sour rusks in 1955, and several dozen confectionery, confectionery, confectionery and bread products began to be produced in the 1960s.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

In addition to the parent company, the group included Oy Karl Fazer's Konditoria, Hanko's Ketti and Oululainen, the oldest part of the company as sister companies and subsidiaries.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[11] In 1955 a new factory began to be built in Vaarala, Helsinki Rural Municipality (since 1972 to Vantaa), and the site was renamed Fazerila (address at Fazerintien).


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

In 1958, Fazer bought the Oululainen Bakery in Lahti.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

By the late 1960s, the group had employees around 2000.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

The factory at Tehdankatu moved to Fazerila in 1963, the branch in 1966.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

Sven's son Peter Fazer became CEO of the company in 1965, a position he held until 1987.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[11] In 1967, a subsidiary was established in Sweden, where crispbread began to be produced a couple of years later.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

The group continued to expand in the 1970s, with the purchase of Colombia (1970) and Hildén's patisserie and cafe business (1974).


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

In 1976, Fazer Catering was born (late.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

Amica).


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

New Mill was opened in the bay in 1971 and the Suurbakery was made in Fazerila.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

In 1989 the operations were incorporated, forming Fazer Confectionery, Fazer Bakeries and Fazer Biscuits, among others.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

The collaboration between Fazer Confectionery and Swedish company Cloetta began in 1990.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

In 1993, the confectionery production of Chymos Ltd passed into Fazer's ownership.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[12] In 2006, Chymos was fully merged into Cloetta Fazer AB.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[13] In 1997, Fazer bought the Candyland bulk candy concept established in Sweden in 1984 and renamed it Candyking.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[14] In the 2000s, the manufacture of Fazer confectionery was merged in 2000 with the Swedish company Cloetta into a new company called Cloetta Fazer AB, becoming Fazer's main associate.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

In February 2005, Fazer made a public takeover bid for the entire common stock of Cloetta Fazer AB, however, which did not result in the desired outcome for Fazer.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

In 2008, it was concluded that the merger company Cloetta Fazer AB would be split into two separate independent companies, Cloetta AB and Fazer Confectionery.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

Fazer's blue chocolate and other Fazer caramels are therefore made again in Finland and are completely Finnish brands.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

Fazer Confectionery is now part of Oy Karl Fazer Ab.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

In February 2002, Fazer Keksit Oy was sold to the French biscuit manufacturer LU, which established the Finnish subsidiary LU Suomi Oy.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

With it, among others, the trademarks Jyväsgood, Domino, Fanipala (aik.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

Fasupala), Jaffa and Carneval initially moved under the name LU Fazer and subsequently only under the LU name.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

As of November 2007, LU was part of Kraft, but in late 2012 the company passed back into Fazer ownership.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[15] In 2006, Fazer acquired Abela Service CIS, a Russian catering company based in St. Petersburg.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

With the deal, Fazer Amica started dining service operations in Russia as well.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

Abela Service CIS is a wholly owned subsidiary of Fazer Amica Russia.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

In 2007, Cloetta Fazer gave up the lakuboy tag of the Laku-Pekka liquorice bar wrapper that has been on sale for 80 years.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

The black pickup boy insignia caused widespread debate about the appropriateness of the emblem in a multicultural society.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[16] Among other things, British MEP Claude Moraes viewed the black-faced figure as offensive to dark-skinned people.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[17] At the end of 2007, Fazer sold Candyking to Swedish company Accent Equity Partners.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[18] In the previous year, Candyking had been the leading bulk confectionery producer in Finland with over 65% market share.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[14] In 2009, after a one-year hiatus, Fazer's Blue was the brand number one in the Marketing & Advertising magazine and Economic Research's Brand Appreciation survey.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[19] Fazer Group also rose to rank number three.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

In 2012, Fazer set sales records in confectionery and expanded the range of its products and services.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

In November 2012, a biscuit factory was purchased from Kraft Foods, responsible for the biscuit brands Jyväsgood, Hangon and Carneval, which is familiar to Finns.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

Fazer built a new grain mill in Lahti, where rye, wheat and oat mills operated.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

Cafe investments were made, among other things, through the purchase of the Swedish coffee shop chain Gateau.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

In confectionery, Fazer began to combine different brands with new products, for example Marianne, Geisha and Fazerina are flavors of Nestlé"s ice creams and Dumle fudge candies are paired with doughnuts.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

The new sales record was matched by Fazer's Angry Birds confectionery, which sold five million caramel bags in five months.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

Angry Birds candies were sold in 15 countries and the product family included lollipop caramels, gum, surprise eggs, cakes and doughnuts.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

Fazer's plans include assembling a comprehensive portfolio of premium products from the confectionery, which will begin to be sold through international airports.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

In contract dining, Fazer acquired Swedish company Scandinavian Facility Management to strengthen the company's position in public sector dining services.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[20] In 2013, Fazer's Blue and Fazer were the most prestigious brands in Finland for the fifth time.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[21] In early October 2013, Christoph Vitzthum took over as CEO of the Fazer Group when Karsten Slotte, who has been in the position since 2007, retired.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[3] Management [22] Managing Directors Karl Fazer, 1891—1919 Colonel Carl Voss-Schrader, 1920-1938 Mountain Counsellor Sven Fazer, 1938-1955 Kai Kivijärvi, 1955-1965 Peter Fazer, 1965—1987 Stig-Jörgen Meincke, 1987—1990 Tom von Weymarn, 1990—1992 Felix Björklund, 1992—1998 [23] [24] Hans Olof Danielsson, Acting 1998-1999 Mats Jansson, 1999-2000 Hans Olof Danielsson, 2000-2002 Berndt Brunow, 2002-2007 Karsten Slotte, 2007-2013 Christoph Vitzthum, 2013- Chairs of the Board of Directors, Trade Advisor Karl Fazer, 1919—1932 Mountain Counsellor Sven Fazer, 1970-1978 Peter Fazer, 1987—1998 Anders Dreijer, Acting 1998—1999 Carl G. Björnberg, 1999—2009 Berndt Brunow, 2009- Responsibility Chocolate As of early 2017, Fazer says that all chocolate it makes contains only responsible cocoa, [25] like it announced in 2010.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[7] [26] The transition period has been criticised as long compared to that of other manufacturers of a few years.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[27] The cocoa procurement criteria are intended to be brought in line with World Cocoa Foundation standards, and traceability will also be added to the Fazer procurement criteria.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[8] Fazer started purchases of UTZ-certified cocoa in the same year.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[28] In 2015, half of Fazer's cocoa was responsibly produced [8], or UTZ or Rainforest Alliance certified, according to the company.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

However, it does not label certificates on its products, citing not wanting to lock into a single certificate.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[6] The origin of cocoa was traceable to ethically functioning holdings 30% in 2012.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[29] Fazer's product range does not include Fairtrade chocolate.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

Fair trade is the only system that guarantees the producer a guaranteed price.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[30] Fazer justifies his exclusion from the scheme by the fact that the origin of fair trade cocoa is not entirely traceable either.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[31] Fazer Confectionery CEO Tom Lindblad outlined that sustainability and social responsibility are part of the company's philosophy.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[7] In 2014, Fazer was awarded by the World Cocoa Organization for his work on responsible cocoa.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[32] The use of child labour Fazer, like other Finnish chocolate manufacturers, has acknowledged that child labour may be used in the primary production of chocolate produced and sold in Finland.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

Of the cocoa purchased by Fazer, 75% comes from West Africa.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

70% of the world's cocoa is grown there are 1 million child workers, according to the International Labour Organization ILO, of which 250,000 children work in Côte d'Ivoire.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

West African child workers may also be victims of human trafficking.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

Another problem is overcompensating ranchers.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[29] Fazer says it does not condone the use of child labor.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[33] However, the Finnwatch organisation criticised the companies in 2011 for underperforming and downright inadequate efforts by the chocolate industry to control the use of child labour.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

The organisation urges chocolate producers to use third-party certification, saying, for example, a wage that ensures adequate livelihood for workers reduces poverty and therefore tempted to use child labour.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

Fazer CEO Tom Lindblad commented that he does not consider hiring essential to reducing child labor.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[33] Criticising the advertising campaign In 2012, a Kohu Fazer advertising campaign emerged in which it promised to build on its village project [8] for Ivorian children with school funds that would be collected from purchased Fazer's Blue chocolates.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[34] Fazer received plenty of negative feedback from the campaign after critical newspaper columns.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[26] For example, author Elina Hirvonen, in her column in September 2012, raised the discrepancy between the chocolate industry collecting large monetary profits thanks to child labour in Côte d'Ivoire, and that school to Africa costs little more than a newspaper advertisement.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[35] The company was criticised for hypocrisy, campaigning for the education of children through income acquired through child labour.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[27] The problem of child labour in the chocolate industry concerns Ghana and the Côte d'Ivoire most badly.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[33] As a result of Kohu, Fazer issued a bulletin on the same day promising to improve the accountability of the cocoa supply chain.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[34] Tom Selänniemi, Director of Corporate Cooperation at UNICEF, commented that Fazer would have been the first thing to do is go through his own production chain, bring the problems to the public eye and add the campaign as part of the goal of improving the situation.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[36] In 2013, the Danish documentary Evil Chocolate Business revealed that oversight of the UTZ certification system used by Fazerink is leaking badly.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

Child laborers with foreign backgrounds who were potentially trafficking victims were found on UTZ-certified farms in Ivory Coast.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

Fazer said he was visiting to inspect his cocoa suppliers' plantations in Ivory Coast, but did not change certification.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[28] Palm Oil Fazer uses RSPO certified palm oil.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

The certificate is available in four different price categories.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

At the cheapest, you can get it without buying responsible palm oil at the same time, in which case the company pays for the certificate in an online auction, the proceeds of which go to the producer of responsible palm oil.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

Fazer has not marked the certification on food packaging.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[37] In 2014, Fazer published a Responsible Palm Oil Commitment aimed at improving the traceability of used palm oil and the transparency of the supply chain.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[32] Fazer's products Still on sale Fazer's sweets Rowan (1895, until 1982 as Rowan marja) Mignon (1896) Kiss-Kiss (1897) Fazer Liqueur Fills (1900) Finlandia (originally without sugar frosting under the brand name Coronation Marmalade 1902) Wienernougat (1904) Geisha (1908) (in Fazer's Best blend as Tokyo since 1981, chocolate plate since 1962) Orange (under brand name Orange 1910) Iceland (1910) Da Capo (1916) Economy chocolate (1917) Eucalyptus (1919) Fazer's Blue (1922) Lakta (1926) Laku- Pekka (1927) Avec (originally under the brand name French lozenges 1929) Green balls (1929, previously known as Pear balls 1908) Fazerin Parisin confectionery blend (1935) Tosca (1936) Dumle (lollipop to Sweden 1945, Finland 1985 under brand name Tikkis; Finland as toffee caramel 1988) Pax (1947—1991, re-into production in 2007) Marianne (Product of Chymos, 1949) Rex (1950) Fazerina (1953) American Lozenges (1953) Jim (1958) Fami (1960—1986, re-production in 2007) Panther (Product of Chymos, 1961) Suffeli (1966) Omar (Chymos) Product, 1966) Fazermint (1969) Merkkari (1973) [38] Kismet (1974) Tyrkisk Peber (1977) Other famous brands of Fazer Amica lunch restaurants Oululainen-bread Puikula-bread Real bread Confessions Fazer was chosen as the third most reputable company in Finland research company T-Media Oy's Trust&Maine survey in 2016.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

[39] Sources on the subject elsewhere by Jörn Donner: Fazer 100.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

Otava in 1991.


Question: When has Fazer blue started to be made?

Fazer

ISBN 9529029624 Category:Key articles of screening *


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

A car is a wheeled vehicle for the transport of persons and goods by engine.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

The designation “car” is shortened from the word automobile, consisting of the Greek prefix άυτο-, áuto-, self-, and the Latin word mobilis, movable.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

Cars are used to travel to work, hobby places and resorts.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

Much of the various transports are done by car, and they serve the authorities and, for example, warfare.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

Cars are also used for roadless maintenance, such as ploughing.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

According to Finnish law, a car is “a motorised vehicle manufactured for the transport of persons or goods or for a specified special task, with at least four wheels or rollers and having a maximum design speed greater than 25 kilometres per hour”.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

Lightweight quadricycles, i.e. moped cars, as well as tractors, motorworks and ATVs are also commonly excluded from the definition.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

Etymology The Finnish word “auto” is an abbreviation of the word “automobile”.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

The word is borrowed from international usage; for example, in English and French, the early designation of a car is “automobile”, and in Swedish “automobil”.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

The word was created in the French language, but is based on ancient languages.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

“Car” is Old Greek and “mobile” is Latin, and these translates to some meaning “self-moving”.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

The Swedish word “bil”, meaning car, is an abbreviation of the remainder of the automobil word.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

It derives from the word “piili” sometimes used in Finnish, which is also used, for example, in the connecting word “linjapiili”.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

[2] Attempts have been made to invent Finnish designations for automobile to replace the foreign word automobile.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

The most popular of these is probably humming.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

The word was introduced by Abel Klami in a contest for the Finnish magazine in 1907.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

“Grumming” failed to replace the automobile word, but it has nevertheless been used somewhat, including in recent years.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

With the hyry initial part, other automobile designations have also arisen in the vernacular, such as “hyryhorse” and “hyryhergyri”.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

“Grumming” has often been perceived as somehow jokey or funny, and has recently appeared in pachinos and Donald Duck, among others.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

The initial part of the word “hyry” is onomatopoetic, and describes the sound of a car.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

The remainder of “sysy” can also be interpreted as onomatopoetic, but can also be seen to be related to the impetus verb.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

[3] Nicknames Cars have traditionally been given nicknames, but modern cars generally do not have them.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

Finnish nicknames for cars have been collected by Janne Seppälä, who has about 4000 of them in store, and he has a dissertation on the topic of the popular designations of two- and four-wheel vehicles.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

[4] History As early as the 15th century, self-propelled vehicles were designed, and Leonardo da Vinci, among others, considered the use of spring power in vehicles.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

Later, Isaac Newton developed the idea of a car moving with the power of a steam burst.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

The first cars to emerge at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries were powered by a steam engine, and the earliest car is often said to be Nicolas Josef Cugnot's three-wheeled steam car of 1769.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

It was a three-wheeled working aircraft for military use at four kilometres per hour, whose duties included, in particular, pulling heavy guns.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

Cugnot's steam car had a huge boiler in front of the front wheel, the water inside which could be vaporised by heating.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

The steam increased the pressure and pushed a piston attached to the front tyre from one end outward, causing the car to jerk into motion.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

The Cugnot steam engine was single-acting, meaning the steam engine only did the work in one direction, but the car's own kinetic energy pushed the piston back.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

The first car had to be stopped a few times per hour to allow the boiler to collect enough steam pressure again.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

The following year, Cugnot made his second car, which could already carry four passengers.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

Unfortunately, he was also given the dubious honour of experiencing a motor vehicle accident as the first person, resulting in Cugnot losing funding for his inventions.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

For the liner, steam cars did not reach the line until 1832, when cars made by Goldsworthy Gurney began running between Gloucester and Cheltenham in Great Britain.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

Rail influencers were understandably opposed to the increasing prevalence of cars and managed to make car traffic much harder, for example, with bridge tolls more than ten times higher than horse carriages and a special red flag law under which cars came in front of always move pedestrian waving a red flag as a sign of danger.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

This law, repealed only more than 30 years later, of course, lowered car speeds in England considerably and slowed the development of automotive technology.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

The predecessors of buses were popular around the world, but the steam engine was also used in lighter private cars with speeds averaging around 20km/h.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

The Bollée family, in particular, assembled some very advanced steam cars between 1873 and 1883, the most famous of which is La Mancelle (1878), which is still in order.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

It had a chain drive, a steering wheel at the end of the vertical axle, and additionally the engine was positioned at the front, although the large boiler was wisely behind the cabin.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

The weak characteristics of steam cars included a huge pressure cooker, high fuel consumption and, especially in the early stages, the large weight of the vehicle.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

Alternatives to steam power were developed a lot, and electricity was the first solution.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

The weak side of the electric car a century ago was the same as it is today: the high weight of the batteries and the difficulty of reaching an adequate operating radius.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

Another option was to burn gas and convert the energy generated from it into mechanical kinetic energy.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

The first automobile powered by gas was developed by Isaac de Rivas in 1804.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

The main problem with a gas-powered car was storing gas.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

It was not until 1885 that the first car moving using a modern internal combustion engine, the Benz Patent-Motorwagen, was produced.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

It was manufactured by Karl F. Benz, founder of the famous Mercedes-Benz Group.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

Almost at the same time another German, Gottlieb Daimler, was developing his own version of the internal combustion engine car, but credit for the first modern car is given to Benz.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

While Daimler co-operated with the German Nicolaus Otto, whose internal combustion engine type known as the input engine is still in use in most passenger cars today, Daimler developed its rotary engine more than three times faster.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

A little after the completion of Benz and Daimler cars, the automotive industry began to take staggering steps forward, and especially the French became famous for developing cars.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

Among other things, the friction clutch, chain drive and differential gearbox were developed around this time.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

Later, though, the chain drive changed to a rigid cardan drive and the differential was moved from the gearbox to the center stages of the rear axle.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

In the 1890s, a different type of engine was also announced, namely the Rudolf Diesel diesel engine.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

It used harder to burn diesel instead of petrol, and the fuel was not sprayed as a mixture with air, but both were fed separately.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

Structure and operation The car has wheels connected by wheel retaining devices to the frame, as well as an engine for power and the necessary equipment for transferring power to the wheels and facilities for passengers, driver and goods.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

In addition, brakes are required to slow the car down.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

Auto

Wheels and wheel support The wheels consist of a tyre and a rim which is attached to the wheel support devices via a wheel hub.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

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The car has at least four wheels, but large trucks can have eight wheels or more.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

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The steering angles of the wheels are also affected by the steering angles of the wheels, such as ploughing, camber and caster corners.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

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Frame, as well as bodywork and other superstructures Wheels associated with the frame by means of wheel support, as well as the engine, transmission and other key parts of the car.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

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The frame may consist of a self-supporting basket, or it can be a separate structure to which the basket will be attached.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

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The bodywork forms a space in the car where passengers or other cargo can be placed.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

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The body's job is to protect cargo from wind, rain, flying particles and, in the event of a crash, the effects of a collision.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

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The body can cover all or part of the car, and the car may also have more than one body.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

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Instead of a basket, various pallets, tanks or banks can be used when transporting cargo.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

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Engine The engine is the source of power of the car: it generates the power the car needs from fuel or electric current.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

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Most cars use an internal combustion engine, more precisely a piston engine, which can run on gasoline or diesel.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

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Electric cars are also on the market.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

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However, more common than those are hybrid cars, which use both an internal combustion engine and an electric motor to lower consumption.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

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Engine efficiency The thermal efficiency of the input engine is typically around 10— 25%, but can theoretically be significantly higher.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

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Engine compression ratio is a key factor in efficiency.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

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[5] In a hybrid car, the input engine reaches the level of the diesel engine.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

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A diesel engine produces around 40% efficiency, lower emissions of CO2 but higher emissions of nitrogen oxides relative to an equivalent intake engine car.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

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[6] Car efficiency The efficiency of a passenger car equipped with an internal combustion engine is generally low.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

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[7] Up to 87% of passenger car fuel energy is lost to low engine efficiency, idle, or transmission.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

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Accessories such as air conditioning also take their part.


Question: Where is the word car coined?

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[8] Theoretically, the straightforward flat motion of a body moving on flat ground requires no energy at all.