Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

A Spartan soldier may have carried seven helots, or slaves, on expeditions.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

Spartan girls were also taken from their mothers at the age of seven and placed in training.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

The girls were taught wrestling, gymnastics, were taught to fight, and were introduced to many other martial arts, as it was believed that strong women would produce strong children.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

Young women competed (fought) against each other in various events likely without clothing like the Spartan boys.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

If they passed various tests, they were prescribed a husband at the age of 18—20 years.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

Ways Full fledged Spartans dine together.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

The main and only dish was the famous black soup (melas zomos).


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

It likely contained pig blood and flesh, as well as vinegar and salt.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

Everyone took care of the cost himself.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

[21] Preparations for the wedding day included women, among other things, dressing in man's clothes and cutting their hair short.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

The wedding itself consisted of a ritual battle between a man and a woman.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

It ended with the man “robbing” the woman with him and throwing her on her shoulder.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

Men and women did not live together when they were under 30.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

The freedom of Spartan women was considerably greater than that of other contemporaries, as they had no trouble having children anymore after they turned seven.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

Women were allowed to move more freely than other Greek women.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

Women were also allowed to own private property, which they had obtained, for example, by inheritance and dowry.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

In the end, women owned up to 2/5 of the Spartan lands.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

[9] The Spartans were very religious and adhered to religious laws and customs strictly.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

This was reflected, among other things, in the fact that the Spartan army did not move in any bad situation if an important religious celebration approached.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

Among the greatest religious celebrations was the Karneia celebrated in honour of Apollon, because of which the army was completely late for the Battle of Marathon and participated in the Battle of Thermopylai with only a small and famous contingent of 300 soldiers.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

[9] [22] Another notable celebration was Hyakinthia [22] and the third Gymnopaidiai.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

[23] Buildings and findings General view Sparta was located in the fertile valley of the Eurotas River in an area protected by the mountains.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

On the west side of the Lakonian Plateau is Mount Taygetos and on the east side is Mount Parnon.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

On the south side, the hill line separates the plain from the coast of the Lakonian Gulf and although it was not difficult to cross, at the same time mentally encloses the city to the hinterland.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

[11] After all, the sea was not a particularly important factor in the history of the city.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

Sparta was not originally protected, like other Greek cities, by a city wall.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

Even in the Archaic and Classical periods, it was otherwise different from other Greek cities as the lack of walls removed the need to live in a tightly built city of narrow streets.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

The core area of the city-state consisted of joined villages and scattered houses located west of Eurotas, surrounded by fields and vegetable gardens.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

Here and there were temples, shrines and public buildings.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

In the centre of the area was the agora, or market, and near it the acropolis, or castle mountain.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

[2] [4] [3] Sparta consisted of four villages which were Pitana, Limnai, Mesoa and Kynosura.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

[2] The plateau had six hills, the highest of which served as an acropolis.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

[17] It was located roughly in the middle of the villages.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

The best of the city is the theatre on the south slope of the acropolis preserved.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

Also known from the Acropolis is the site of Athene Khalkioikos temple, among others.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

[2] The agora was probably located immediately east of the acropolis, where buildings suitable for this have been found, such as the so-called Persian stoa and Skias.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

[24] In addition, the places of the sanctuary of Artemis Orthia and Menelaion are also known.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

In Sparta, the tombs were partly located in the territory of the settlement, while in other parts of Greece they were outside the cities.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

[2] The town's port was located in Gytheion on the shores of the Gulf of Lakonia about 48 kilometres to the south.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

[2] Relatively few remains have survived from ancient Sparta.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

As Thukydides predicted at the beginning of his Peloponnesian war, Sparta and its importance cannot be judged in our time by the magnitude of the ruins it leaves, like Athens, for example.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

[25] Furthermore, most of the remaining ruins date from buildings of the Hellenistic and Roman period, and so do not give an image of the more illustrious Classical Period Sparta.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

In addition to excavations, the ancient city of Sparta is known from the description of Pausania from the 10th century ja.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

in the book Description of Greece (Book III).


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

Other objects in the Spartan region are mainly in the Spárt Archaeological Museum as well as the National Archaeological Museum in Athens.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

Notable buildings and structures in Sparta included (letters and numbers refer to a schematic figure): A. Acropolis B. Agora C. Pitana D. Mesoa E. Limnai F. Kynosura Athene Temple of Khalkioikos Artemis Orthian Shrine Theatre Skias Persian stoa Roman stoa Leonida tomb Heroon Bridge (Babyka?)


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

The Hellenistic City Wall St. Nikon Basilica Church Menelaion, or Palace of Menelaus/Sanctuary of Menelaus and Helena, The Acropolis Sparta's Acropolis, or castle mountain, was a relatively small hill some 25 metres higher than its surroundings, located in the centre of the four villages of Sparta.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

According to Pausania, Sparta did not even have an actual acropolis like other cities, but the Spartans gave this name to the highest of the city's hills.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

[26] There is likely to have been a wall around the Acropolis Lae.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

[3] The Temple of Athene Khalkioikos at the top of the Acropolis was located in Athene Khalkioikos or Athene Poliukhus, that is, the Athena goddess who protects the city, which derives its name from its bronze decoration.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

There was a shrine on its site as early as the 7th century BCE at the latest.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

The temple was rebuilt in the 5th century BCE.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

[2] [17] The temple probably represented the Doorian style.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

The site of the temple is known, but relatively few remains of it have survived.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

Near the temple was its altar, with two statues of the warlord Pausania and statues of Aphrodite Ambologera and the brothers Uni and Death.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

[3] Other shrines around the temple of Athene Khalkioikos had a wider sanctuary area, or temenos, with other shrines as well.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

On the hill were, among others, the shrine of Athene Ergane, the temple of Zeus Kosmeta, a statue of Zeus Hypatos sculpted by Learkhos Rhegionainen, the temple of Ares Areia, the temple of the Muses, the tomb of Tyndareus, the temple of Artemis Knagia, and two stoas, the so-called southern and western toas.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

On the slope facing the agora to the acropolis was the temple of Optiletis or Ofthalmitis erected by Lykurgos.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

[3] Theatre On the southern slope of the Acropolis housed a theatre that had been built in the early Imperial Roman period.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

It was a typical semi-arc-shaped Greek theatre with a circular orkhestra in the centre.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

The building was made of white marble.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

The stage was not fixed, but wooden and equipped with wheels, so it could be moved to the site if necessary.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

The theatre has been fairly poorly preserved, but it is still one of the best-preserved ruins in ancient Sparta.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

Numerous commercial buildings have been found near the theatre building that have served theatre guests.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

[18] [27] Basilica Church Built in the Middle Ages the Basilica church was located on an ancient acropolis to the east of the theatre.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

It was built in the Middle Byzantine period in the 9th century Share., and is the most significant medieval find in the area of old Sparta.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

The basilica was three-ship and had nartheks and portiques at its western end and an apsis at its eastern end.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

The church was dedicated to Saint Nikon, patron saint of the locality.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

[28] The Agora Agora, or market, was probably located immediately east of the acropolis.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

It was, like other Greek agoras, surrounded by columned halls and public buildings.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

Public buildings included, among other things, the meeting place of the gerusian, or council of elders, and the gathering places of ephors, nomophylaws and bidiai.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

[3] On the western edge of the Agora on the slope of the acropolis were presumably located the Skias as well as the Persian stoa, and on its southern edge a long Roman stoa.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

[24] Skias Skias was one of the most prominent public, government-related buildings in the city.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

It was built in the 5th century BCE.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

and was in use as a gathering place still during the Pausania period.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

[24] [29] It is assumed to be Skias a circular building found on the western edge of the agora, which was about 41.3 metres in diameter and possibly resembled to some extent the Tholo of the Athenian Agora.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

[18] [24] Persian stoa Persian stoa (Persikē Stoa), or columned hall, was built in the 4th century BCE.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

in honour of the victory gained in the Persian Wars.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

It was the most spectacular building in the agora.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

The Stoa was decorated with columns showing the Persians, and the spoils of war obtained in the war were placed there.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

Later, the building was frequently renovated and expanded, and was still in good condition when Pausania visited the city.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

[30] A pillared hall found on the western edge of the agora, north of Skias, is assumed to be a Persian stoa.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

It has been dug up from a distance of about 31 metres.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

[24] Other public buildings and shrines according to Pausania, near Skias was a circular building built by Epimenide with statues of Zeus and Aphrodite of Olympus.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

[3] [29] On the Agora were also the old Ephoria, which formerly served as a gathering place for the ephores, containing the tombs of Epimenide and Afareus; the temple of the Moirs, or fathars; a large statue which presented the people of Sparta; the tomb of Oreste; a statue of King Polydoros; and a child bearing Dionysus A statue presented by Hermes from Agorao.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

[3] [30] In the Roman period, the agora had statues of Julius Caesar and Augustus.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

[3] Khoros was a place separated from the rest of the agora where Spartan youngsters danced in honour of Apollon at the Gymnopaidiai banquet.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

It was decorated with statues of Apollon, Artemi and Leto.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

Near Khoros were the temples of Apollon, as well as Ga (Gen, or Earth), Zeus Agoraios, Athene Agoraia, Poseidon Asphaleios and Hera.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

[3] Environment of the Agora and the Acropolis The roads leaving the Agora and their buildings from the Agora left roads to different parts of the city.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

The main road was Afetais, oriented south from the agora towards the southern city wall.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

Along it were the house of King Polydoros, also known as Booneta because the state bought it from the king's widow with a few oxen; the building of bidiai; the temple of Athene Keleutheia; the shrine of Poseidon Tainarios; a place called Hellenios, where the Greeks were said to have gathered either before the Trojan War or the Persian Wars; the altar of Acreita of Apollo; the Gaseption consecrated to the land; and the statue of Maleate of Apollo.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

Also located along the street were Fruria and its temple to Artemi; the tomb of Iamiadai of the Eleans; the shrines of Maron and Alpheios who fell in Thermopylai; the temple of Zeus Tropaios; the Heroons of Hippolytus and Aulon; the Temple of the Mother of the Gods and the shrine of Arsinoe.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

Near the city wall were still the temple of Artemis Diktynna and the tombs of kings of the Eurypontid family.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

[3] [29] Another road was the road that led to the northeast known as Skias, which originated with the Skias building of the agora.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

In its direction were, among others, the tombs of Kynorta, Kastor, Idas and Lynkeus; the temple of Kore Soteira; the temple of Carneios of Apollo; a statue of Aphetaios of Apollo; an altar dedicated to Zeus, Athena and Dioscures; a place called Kolona, most likely a hill, and its Dionysus The Temple of Kolonatas; the Temple of Zeus Euanemos; the Temple of Hera of Argos; the Temple of Hera Hyperkheiria, which featured an old, wooden statue of Aphrodite Hera; and a statue of Hetoimocles, who won at the Olympic Games.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

[3] [29] The third road led west from the agora and passed by the theatre to the tomb of the kings of the House of Agiads.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

Between the Agora and the theatre was a tomb in Brasida.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

In front of the theatre was the tomb of the warlord Pausania.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

The fourth road was the road of the Hyakinthia feast, which led to Amyklai.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

[3] In the direction of Pitana were, among others, the widow of Crotans, the place of assembly; the tomb of Tainaros; the shrines of Poseidon Hippocurios and Aiginian Artemi; the temple of Artemis Issoria or Limnaia; and the temples of Theti, Demeter Khthonia, Serapis and Zeus of Olympus.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

Leonida's Tomb The tomb of King Leonida, or Leonidaion, was located in front of the theatre like the tomb of the warlord Pausania.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

Leonida's tomb is referred to as the ruins of a small temple-like building in the centre of present-day Spárt.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

The building was made in the 4th-century BCE.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

towards the end, that is, its timing corresponds to the time when Leonida's body was brought to Sparta.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

However, the actual use of the building has not been able to confirm.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

[31] Babyka and Knakion Babyka (or Babyks) and Knakion were places known from literary sources, in the area between which, according to the Spartan state form, the People's Assembly of apella gatherings were held.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

According to one interpretation, Babyka was a bridge that crossed Eurotas and a tributary of Eurotas flowed south of the town of Knakio.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

[32] In fact, the places in question defined pretty much the area in which the Spartan agora and other public buildings were mainly located.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

More distant buildings The shrine of Artemis Orthia dedicated to Artemis Orthia was located on the eastern edge of the city near the banks of Eurotas.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

The sanctuary included the temple of Artem, which was built in the 7th century BCE.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

and was remodeled around 570 BCE.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

The shrine is particularly known for its bloody ceremony, which involved the flogging of youngsters.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

In the Roman period, a semi-arc-shaped theatre grandstand was built on the sanctuary grounds where flogging could be followed.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

[2] Menelaion Menelaion is located about three kilometres east-southeast of ancient Sparta.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

The site was home to a megaron palace in the Mycenaean period, the so-called Palace of Menelaus, which had been built in the 15th century BCE.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

A settlement has also been found in the area as well as graves.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

In antiquity, there was a shrine dedicated to Menelaus and Helena on the site, as the site was considered to be the burial site for these.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

Dromos Dromos was the most prominent sporting venue in the city.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

It included a stadium and a gymnasion built by Eurykle, as well as an amphitheatre built in the Roman period.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

Dromos had a statue of Heracles.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

Near it were the temples of Dioscurs, Kharites, Eileithyia, Carneios of Apollo and Artemis Hegemone, as well as statues of Asklepios Agnita and Dioscurs, the temple of the Heroon of Alkon and the Domatite of Poseidon.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

[3] [33] The city wall in Sparta of the Archaic and Classical periods did not have a city wall.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

Instead, the city relied on its army.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

The construction of the city wall did not begin until the fold of the Classical and Hellenistic periods in the 3rd century BCE, when Sparta's military might had gone.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

It was completed around the year 184 BCE.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

The length of the wall was about 10 kilometres and an area of about 3 x 2 kilometres was left inside it.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

[2] Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Brummer, O. J.| title = Book of Information — General Information for postgraduate students| number = Greece| publisher = WSOY| year = 1941| version = I part| page = 220—222}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Furuhagen, Hanuhagen, S| title = Focus Art part 1 — Art history — world art from antiquity to modern| number = Sparta| publisher = Otava| year = 1973| version=2. p.| id = ISBN 951-1-00336-4| page = 802}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hansen, Mogens Herman et.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

al.| title = An inventory of archaic and classical poleis| publisher = Oxford University Press| year = 2004| id = ISBN 9780198140993}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Plutarkhos| title = Lykurgos: Spartan legislator| others = Translated by Kalle Suuronen| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 1942}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Whitby, Michael (ed.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

) | title=Sparta| publisher = Edinburgh University Press| year = 2002| id=ISBN 0-7486-1293-9}} References on the topic elsewhere — History, beliefs and culture of ancient Sparta Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Where did Sparta get its name?

Sparta

* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Gennaro Ivan Gattuso (born 9 January 1978, Corigliano Calabro) is an Italian football manager and former defensive midfielder.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Since November 2017, he has been the head coach of Italian club Milan.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

For most of his career, Gattuso played for Italian major club Milan, where he rose to become a club legend and fan favourite due to his playing fixtures and character.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

For his final season in 2012—13, he played for Swiss club Sion.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Career as a player Gattuso started his career in Perugia, where he started football at the age of 12.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

At the age of 17, Gattuso rose to the Perugia representative team, and played in the Perugia shirt between 1995 and 1997, playing 10 Serie A matches.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

From Perugia, he was sold in July 1997 at the age of 19 to Scotland Rangers.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Gattuso were favourite players of fans and then-coach Walter Smith in his first season at Rangers, but Dutchman Dick Advocaat, who succeeded Smith as coach, disliked Gattuso.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

In the previous season, Gattuso was given responsibility for 28 matches, but only five matches under the coaching of Advocaat.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Young Gattuso was unhappy with his conditions and was sold back to Italy, Salernitana for a £3 million transfer sum in October 1998.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Gattuso found time to play for Salertania, where he was given plenty of responsibility, just under a season until, AC Milan spent £8m to get Gattuso 10 months later.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Milan Gattuso's first season at Milan was good, and responsibility in the midfield of the big club came passably.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Gattuso played 22 matches during the season.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Although Gennaro Gattuso was already a defensive midfielder at the time, he managed to strike one goal in the season as well.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Gattuso's upbeat grips also brought a place in the Italian national team for the young Gattuso, who made his national team debut in 2000 and played no fewer than six matches for the national team in the same year, and also struck the first and last missed ground match goal of his career.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

However, Gattuso failed to fit into Italy's European Championship squad, 2000.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

In the 2000—01 season, Gattuso's responsibilities at Milan increased and in the 2001—02 season Gattuso was already a key player in the team.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

In the 2001—02 season, Gattuso played as many as 32 matches in Serie A.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

For the Football World Cup played in 2002, Gattuso was fit into the Italian squad.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Gattuso received the same number from Italy's World Cup line-up as Milan, issue #8.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

In the 2002—03 season, Gattuso's responsibility in Milan's midfield was slightly reduced, but he still remained an important part of the squad.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Gattuso played the full minutes as Milan completely defeated Juventus in the Italian Champions League final on penalty kicks, and Gattuso thus won his first trophy in Milan.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

In the 2003—04 season, Gattuso again played over 30 matches in Milan's shirt in Serie A, and also celebrated the Italian championship at the end of the season.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

In addition, Gattuso was again involved with the Italian national team, at the European Championships 2004.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Gattuso, in a national team shirt, was given more responsibility in Italy's midfield this time, than he did at the World Cup two years earlier.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

In the 2004—05 season, Gattuso again played a really big role in Milan's squad and, like previous seasons, formed a wonderful midfield duo, with the more attacking Italian player Andrea Pirlo.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Gattuso and Pirlo dominated the midfield in Milan as well as the Italian national team, and the 2004—05 season ended with Serie A silver medal celebrations for Milan.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

In the 2005—06 season, Gattuso again played a fine season in Milan's midfield, and in the process Gattuso's new personal goal record, three goals, an excellent reading for a predominantly defensive player.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Milan initially finished second in the season, but were relegated to third place due to the match-fixing scandal that raged in the country, as Milan's club management was thought to have potentially affected the results of some matches.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

The worst penalty was awarded by Juventus, who initially won the title, as they were relegated to the lower league tier, Serie B.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Italy was in sad moods over the scandal, and the national team that travelled to Germany, the 2006 World Cup, was not expected to fare either, as recent results had been bad.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

However, Italy played a magnificent World Cup and Gattuso played in the country's midfield brilliantly, in a big role.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

The whole rest of the team also played magnificently, almost surpassing themselves, and so Italy eventually progressed all the way to the world championship.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Moods in Italy quickly switched from sad to joyful and the whole country rejoiced at the world title.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Gattuso was selected for the constellation squad for the Games along with his teammates, goalkeeper Gianluigi Buffon, defenders Fabio Cannavaro and Gianluca Zambrotta, midfielders Gattuso's long-term partner Andrea Pirlo and strikers, Luca Toni and Francesco Totti.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

In the 2006—07 season, Gattuso again played plenty in Milan's midfield, eventually playing 30 matches in the Italian main league.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

In addition, Gattuso also played a big role in Milan's Champions Liiga team, and Milan achieved a Champions League victory, a repeat of Gattuso's career.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

In the 2007—08 season, Milan found themselves disappointed after remaining only fifth in Serie A in the season, despite good fixtures from Gattuso.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Gattuso was again also selected for the Italian national team for the European Championships 2008, Switzerland & Austria.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Gattuso played in a big role at the bottom of midfield, and was among Italy's most important players in the tournament.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Italy qualified with great difficulty from their starting group, the first playoff round, where they faced the future European champion, Spain.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Gattuso and Pirlo were both sidelined from the match, which brought trouble for Italy.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Their replacements the experienced Simone Perrotta, as well as youngster Alberto Aquilani, did not perform as well in midfield.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Spain won the match on penalty kicks and Italy were relegated from the follow-up.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

In the 2008—09 season, Gattuso suffered injuries and playing time at Milan withered to only 12 main league matches.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

However, Italy's neo-old head coach Marcello Lippi still trusted Gattuso, and Gattuso was selected in Italy's line-up for the 2009 Confederations Cup.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

However, Gattuso's role was small in the team, and no responsibility came as in the starting group match, against Egypt.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

In the 2009—10 season, Gattuso was healthy again, and served as Milan's captain, after former captain Paolo Maldini ended his career the previous season.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

If Gattuso was not in the opening line-up, Milan's captain was topper Alessandro Nesta.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Gattuso played 22 league matches in the season and celebrated with Milan winning the bronze medals of Serie A.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

In the 2010—11 season, Gattuso rose to the top once more and played a magnificent season as Milan captain and celebrated captaining Milan to win the Italian championship, the Scudetto, for the second time in his career.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

In the 2011—12 season, Gattuso's playing time at Milan was greatly reduced and he no longer counted with important players in the team.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Injuries also plagued the club legend, who eventually played only six matches in the season, ending Milan in second place in Serie A.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Gattuso's last match for Milan missed a Serie A match against Novara, in which he played full minutes.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

After the season, Gattuso was unable to get a further contract to Milan, and left the city of Milan, after 13 years, two Italian championships and two Champions League wins, in 2012.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Sion Gattuso transferred to Switzerland, Sion's team for the 2012—13 season.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Gattuso is Sion's most valuable star player and team captain.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

After poor success, Sion fired in early 2013 its Swiss head coach, and Gattuso became the club's player-coach.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Gattuso has hinted that his career is likely to end after the 2012—13 season.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

National club Good grips at AC Milan have dragged Gattuso into the standard lineup of the Italy national football team.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

He has been a participant at the 2000 Olympics, 2002 World Championships, 2004 European Championships, 2006 World Championships that ended with Italy's victory, as well as the 2010 World Championships.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Lippi selected Gattuso for Italy's 2010 World Cup squad, which was traveling to South Africa, to defend his 2006 world title.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Gattuso sat on the bench for Italy's first match, when it played out a 1—1 draw, with Paraguay.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

In the next match against New Zealand, Gattuso warmed up the interchange bench again throughout the match as Italy again willed a 1—1 draw.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Italy were unlucky as Riccardo Montolivo, who took Gattuso's place in midfield, fired the ball once from the boundary of the penalty area to a post from where it was still close to going for goal.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

In the final match against Slovakia, a draw would be enough for Italy to go ahead if Paraguay beat New Zealand or if the teams played tied.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Italy set out to claim victory, however, and dominated the match from the start.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Gattuso was in the opening and was among Italy's greats on the pitch.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

At the 25-minute mark, however, Slovakia's Robert Vittek struck a 1—0 goal for his country.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

The first half ended with those numbers and head coach Lippi made two exchanges at half-time.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Defender Domenico Criscito off midfielder Christian Maggio onto the pitch, in addition, Gattuso was taken off the field and replaced by striker Fabio Quagliarella.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

At the 56th minute mark, injury-stricken Pirlo was also switched to the field.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Italy pressed furiously.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

One of Italy's goals was mistakenly dismissed as offside, and again Italy had great misfortune during the Games.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Vittek struck at the 75th minute mark to put Slovakia into a 2—0 lead, but Italy were still fighting.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Antonio Di Natale narrowed in the 81st minute and Italy still had chances.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

However, in the 89th minute, Kamil Kopunek of Slovakia scored 3—1 on the counter-attack for his team.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Italy fought and pressed furiously for the final minutes, and Fabio Quagliarella shot Italy one more time at the end of the goal and the score was 3—2, but that was where Italy's kiri ended.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Slovakia won the match 3—2 and advanced to the extension, while Italy were relegated from the extension already in the starting group.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Italy's head coach Marcello Lippi resigned immediately after the Games and, in emotional and disappointed moods, Gattuso also quit his national team.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Gattuso has played 73 A-country matches in which he has scored one goal.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

[1] He quit his national team after the 2010 World Cup.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

[2] Style of play Gattuso's style of play at the bottom of midfield is very aggressive and he runs a large number of kilometres during the match.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Because of this, he is one of the biggest favourites of Milan supporters and is known by his nickname Braveheart.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Due to his style of play, the hot-blooded Gattuso receives plenty of cautions and even outs, but despite that he is one of the best defensive midfielders in Serie A.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Attacking play is not one of Gattuso's greatest strengths and goals do not occur very often, but once in a while Gattuso may carry the ball up to the offensive end, but most often when he takes the ball, or after receiving a pass, Gattuso is content to pass the ball only to the nearest man. to his teammate.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

Career as a coach Gattuso began his coaching career in late February 2013 when FC Sion elevated him to player-coach to replace the sacked Víctor Muñoz.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

[3] Pesti ended short, as Gattuso was fired back in May.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

He was the club's fifth coach during the 2012/13 season.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

[4] In June 2013, Gattuso's coaching career continued as head coach of US Città di Palermo, relegated to Serie B.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

[5] Palermo's season started clammy under Gattuso and the team won only two of the first six games.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

He was fired in late September 2013.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

[6] In early June 2014, Gattuso became the head coach of OFI Crete, which plays in the Greek Superleague.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

[7] Gattuso's coaching season was hampered by the team's financial problems, which led the Italian to announce that he would leave the club in October 2014.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

[8] However, the team's supporters and management caused Gattuso's head to turn and he decided to continue as the club's head coach.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

[9] For good, the cooperation between Gattuso and OFI Crete ended in late December 2014 when Gattuso resigned due to financial difficulties.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

[10] In August 2015, Gattuso became the head coach of Pisa, which plays in Lega Pro.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

[11] Under Gattuso's leadership, Pisa won the upstart qualifiers and, at the conclusion of the 2015/16 season, rose to Serie B.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

[12] He unexpectedly resigned from his position in late July 2016.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

[13] However, he returned as head coach of the club as early as September.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

[14] Pisa finished last in Serie B under Gattuso and were relegated from the series.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

After the season, Gattuso left the club and moved to the AC Milan organization to become the head coach of the U19 team.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

[15] In November 2017, Gattuso was chosen as Milan's new head coach in the place of the sacked Vincenzo Montella.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

[16] Gattuso got Milan into the game and the team played 10 consecutive matches without any losses.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

In early April, Milan entered into a follow-on contract with Gattuso until 2021.


Question: At which club did Gennaro Gattuso play his last season?

Gennaro Gattuso

[17] Sources Category:Italian footballers Category:Italian football coaches Category:Football World Champions Class:Born in 1978 Class:Living persons


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

Music therapy is a form of rehabilitation and treatment in which various elements of music (rhythm, harmony, melody, tone of voice, dynamics, etc.) are used as a key tool of interaction to achieve individually set goals.


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

Music therapy can be individual or group therapy, both as the main form of treatment or as part of other therapies.


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

Therapy can achieve positive results in the treatment of physical and mental symptoms and diseases and is suitable for children, adolescents, adults and the elderly.


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

[1] In Finland, the wider use of music therapy began in the early 1960s, first as experiments in the psychiatric hospitals of Nikkilä, Hesperia and Lapinlahti.


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

The first music therapy training started at the Sibelius Academy in 1972 (training in this field was already given at the University of Jyväskylä in the 1960s), and the Finnish Music Therapy Society was founded in 1973.


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

For those who completed their training as a music therapist that began before 1994, TEO also once granted the right to use the professional title of psychotherapist.


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

After that, Valvira (previous TEO) only noted the VET (demanding special level) music therapy training organised by the University of Oulu in 2007-2011 to the profession and professional title of lead psychotherapist (psychodynamic individual psychotherapy).


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

[2] Traditional areas of application of music therapy Music therapy include psychiatry and rehabilitation of people with developmental disabilities.


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

Newer areas of use include problems such as communication disorders, learning disabilities, neurological problems, [3] problems related to intoxication, burnout and pain.


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

About Music Therapy Methods A music therapy session is always a creative process in which musical skills are not required from the client.


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

Music is a medium, not an end in itself.


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

Methods of music therapy include


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

listening to music, singing, playing, improvising, moving according to music, making songs, music painting and physioacoustic therapy.


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

There are a lot of possibilities in music.


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

Music activates a subconscious, unconscious mental landscape.


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

Its means can be both revealed and cured.


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

Music allows you to handle even difficult things safely, at a symbolic distance.


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

Music induces interaction, it gives aesthetic experiences and generates pleasure.


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

Music also has physiological effects.


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

It allows to stimulate or soothe.


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

Music is also used in the treatment of pain.


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

Where do music therapists work?


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

Music therapists work in areas such as specialist care, social care, developmental disability facilities, schools, elderly care and prisons.


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

There are relatively few music therapist interventions, so a large proportion of music therapists work as private service providers.


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

How do you get into music therapy?


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

Music therapy can be accessed through public health care, by referral from a private physician, or through contact directly with a therapist.


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

Initiation of therapy usually requires a referral from a doctor.


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

In the case of specialized medical care, the client's therapy costs are mainly nominal.


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

On the private side, in addition to the client himself, the payer of the therapy service may include, for example, a social agency, a mental health office, a family counseling agency or an insurance company.


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

Kela replaces music therapy as medical rehabilitation for people with severe disabilities for a child or young adult, as well as discretionary rehabilitation for adolescents (as psychotherapeutic rehabilitation for ages 16—25) provided the therapist has completed approved training and has done service provider agreement with Kela.


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

Music Therapy Training Music therapists are trained at Sibelius Academy offices, Pirkanmaa and North Karelia University of Applied Sciences and Eino Roiha Institute in Jyväskylä.


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

More information about vocational studies and music therapy studies can be found on the Finnish Music Therapy Society's website.


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

Anyone interested in the field can study shorter, orienting periods (3—50 ECTS cr).


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

Method studies in Functional Music Therapy (TMT) can be completed at the Pietarsaari Conservatory.


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

Postgraduate studies in music therapy can be completed at the Department of Music of the University of Jyväskylä, where there is also a professorship in music therapy (Jaakko Erkkilä).


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

Research activities related to music therapy are lively and internationally high in Finland.


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

To date, there have been at least six doctoral dissertations in the field of music therapy in Finland, as well as many other theses.


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

Research projects supported by the Academy of Finland are also ongoing.


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

The Finnish Music Therapy Association (SMTY) is united by the Finnish Music Therapy Association (SMTY), which comprises about 250 members.


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

Any person or entity interested in the field can become a member.


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

A person who has completed vocational training as a music therapist may apply to become a professional member.


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

SMTY cooperates with domestic and foreign associations and educational institutions, as well as with other important stakeholders such as Kela, the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health and the various authorities.


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

The association organizes two music therapy seminars each year as well as more small-scale regional consultation and educational meetings.


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

The association publishes a member magazine, Music Therapy, and is also involved in other publishing activities related to the field.


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

Sources On the topic Elsewhere Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Alanne, Sami| title = Music psychotherapy with refugee survivors of torture: Interpretations of three clinical case studies| location = Helsinki| publisher = Sibelius Academia| year = 2010| version = Diss.


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

(Department of Music Education).


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

Studia musica, 44| isbn = 978-952-5531-87-9| id = ISSN| format = [online version]}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Bunt, Leslie — Stige, Brynjulf| title = Music Therapy: An Art Beyond Words| location = London| publisher = Routledge| year = 2014| version = Second edition| isbn = 978-0-415-45068-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Erkkilä, Jaakko & Kimmo Lehtonen (eds.


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

) | title = Many Faces of Music Therapy| location = Jyväskylä| publisher = Finnish Music Therapy Society| year = 1999| id = ISBN 952-91-0827-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kaskinen, Mirja| title = Trails, stairs, longwoods: Steps in Finnish music therapy from decades.


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

Articles and discussions on the early years of music therapy in Finland| location = Tampere| publisher = Finnish Music Therapy Society| year = 2007| isbn = 978-951-98741-3-5}} Citation error, replace {{cite book| author = Lehikoinen, Petri| title = Healing Music: Introduction music therapy| location = Helsinki| publisher = Music Fazer| year = 1973| isbn = 951-757-032-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lehtonen, Kimmo| title = Music as a psychic promotion: Psychoanalytic research in music therapy educational opportunities| location = Turku| publisher = University of Turku | year = 1986| version = Diss.


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

University of Turku publications, C 56| isbn = 951-642-778-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Levinge, Alison| title = The Music of Being: Music Therapy, Winnicott and the School of Object Relations| location = London| publisher = Jessica Kingsley Publishers| year = 2015| isbn = 978 -1-84905-576-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Odell-Miller, Helen — Richards, Eleanor| title = Supervision of Music Therapy: A Theoretical and Practical Handbook| location = London| publisher = Routledge| year = 2009| isbn = 978-0-415-41125-7}} Replacement error, replace with {{cite book| author = Punkanen, Marko| title = Improvisational music therapy and perception of emotions in music by people with depression| location = Jyväskylä| publisher = University of Jyväskylä | year = 2011| version = Diss.


Question: How is music therapy utilized?

Music therapy

Jyväskylä studies in humanities, 153| isbn = 978-951-39-4295-3| id = ISSN| format = [online version]}} * Category:Music Professions


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

Social media (abbreviated as some) [1] refers to online communication environments where each user or group of users has the opportunity to be an active communicator and content provider in addition to being the recipient of information.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

In social media, communication takes place from many to many, meaning that the distinction between communicator and recipient, which is characteristic of traditional mass media, is absent.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

[2] In practice, however, communication takes place through one of the centralized providers.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

Social media is a post-industrial phenomenon that has changed the production and distribution structure, economy and culture of society.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

[3] According to Prof. Andreas M. Kaplan and Michael Haenlein, “social media is a set of internet applications whose ideological and technical basis lies within Web 2.0 and that enable end-user generated content to be created and transmitted”.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

[4] According to the Social Media Glossary published by the Vocabulary Centre ESC, social media is a form of communication using information networks and information technology, dealing with interactively and user-driven content and establishing and maintaining relationships between people.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

[5] Social media has become widespread as a concept since 2007, when it gradually supplanted the concept of Web 2.0 with talk of interactive web services.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

[6] There are several different interpretations of the definition of the concept, with varying emphasis on process nature, dimension of Web 2.0 technologies, content, communities or modes of activity.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

[7] Usage In a study commissioned by Yleisradio published in January 2015, over 1,000 Finns were asked which social media services they use.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

With more than half of respondents signing up as Facebook users, Twitter in turn proved to be the favorite of a small circle.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

The study also saw the instant messaging service WhatsApp as social media.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

Just over a third of respondents did not use social media at all, according to their reporting.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

Of the young respondents, almost everyone uses two of the most popular services.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

[8] Content Social media content is mainly generated by users.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

Content is produced together using peer production methods.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

Furthermore, the line between producing and consuming content is blurred because the same person can both consume content and produce new.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

Let's talk about user production, where the use of content can seamlessly involve the production of new content or applications.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

Individuals are not online consumers, they are active players.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

Instead of consumers, one sometimes talks about producer consumers or pro-enthusiasts who make professional-level production as their hobby.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

In addition to actual content and communication production, a key component of social media is recommending content (also called sharing).


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

[9] In addition to the provider's algorithms, this is central to the content provided to the user.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

[9] The publication threshold in social media is low and content is typically spread latently without prior control by an outside entity.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

There is usually no monetary compensation for participation.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

In general, social media services operate on platforms whose maintainers do not play the same role in directing content production as those in charge of traditional publishing.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

[10] Online content forms social objects around which people form networks.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

Social Media Communality Social media breeds a wide range of community.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

Forms of community include social networks, groups, online communities, and flocks.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

Along with social structure, community can be judged by, for example, its strictness and temporal constancy.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

[11] Social media community is closely linked to new cultural practices, such as openness and sharing of information.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

They are widely shaped by society.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

The concepts social web, citizen journalism, peer-to-peer media or participatory media are also used as forms of social media community.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

The perception that emerges on social media about a person's reputation and image shapes each actor's personal brand.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

Social media in enterprises Businesses and communities can use social media by the same means.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

For example, it can be used to communicate messages to customers, collect feedback or engage in general interactions with customers.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

There are often two main rules of use for businesses for social media, marketing and customer service.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

[12] Social media creates an opportunity for companies to communicate with existing and new customers.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

Since customers are often interested in a company already completed, it is easy for companies to share offers or affiliations.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

Social media is also a tool that encourages customers to interact and thus help customers with their problems, as well as creating a more personal relationship with the company.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

[13] Social media can be used for both external and internal communication of companies.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

In an external context, social media is used to maintain and build relationships with customers and partners.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

The internal social media of companies addresses their internal dynamics and modes of operation due to new ways of collaborating.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

Conversations online can be thought of as reflections of real life in line with the information shadow model launched by Mike Kuniavsky.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

In the model, real-world objects have online data shadows containing not only metadata describing the product and its content, but also reviews and comments provided by users.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

It is good for companies to understand that the consumer today makes a purchase decision largely based on these reflections.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

Companies achieve the greatest benefit if they are able to engage constructively in the debate.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

[14] Web technologies Open sharing of content and community formation require web technologies that connect people and content without hassle, transparency and for the most part free.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

Launched by Tim O'Reilly, the concept of web 2.0 is often understood to mean new technologies, user-driven design principles, services and tools that social media leverages.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

The development of online technologies was one of the main factors driving the prevalence of social media services.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

The new applications enabled easy-to-use and fast-deployable publishing systems and web-based software enabling user interaction to become more common among so-called ordinary users.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

These services include wikis, forums, podcasts and blogs.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

Examples of Social Media Services Social media provides an easy channel of influence for many.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

These may include political action groups, single-issue movements or individual actors.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

It can also serve as a channel of influence for an individual over another individual.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

On the other hand, when everyone has the opportunity to produce content for social media, the effects of one person can go very unnoticed.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

New social media services are emerging and dying daily.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

In this list, the largest, most popular and essential services in various fields have been collected.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

The selection is loosely based on the “Social Media in Teaching” book's catalogue of instruments.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

[2] Link and news sharing services: Delicious — bookmark sharing service Furl — bookmark sharing service Reddit — link, news and discussion sharing service Digg — news sharing service Blog services: WordPress — blog service and open source software LiveJournal — Blogging Service Blogger — Blog Service Leak — Finnish Blogging Service Tumblr — Popular Blog Service Blog List — Finnish Blog Directory Microblogging Services: Twitter — Microblogging Service Wiki and other collaborative services: Wikipedia — open encyclopedia MediaWiki — open source wiki software Google Sites — together with a customizable website publishing platform for small groups Media services: Flickr — image distribution service Photobucket — image distribution service Pinterest — image and link distribution and curating service.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

SlideShare — Powerpoint website and presentation delivery service Prezi — Creating and distributing new kinds of presentations YouTube — video distribution service Vimeo — video distribution platform, HD videos Bambuser — video distribution platform, live webcasts Instagram — image delivery service Snapchat - photo and video messaging service SoundCloud - Periscope - live online video broadcasting and commenting Communities: Facebook — social networking service Foursquare — geo-based social networking social networking service Google+ — MySpace — community service founded by Google — social service for music and bands Suomi24 — large Finnish online community IRC gallery — online community for young adults LinkedIn — professional networking service Last.fm — Music enthusiasts service Ning — small community service NutonSuomi.com - community service HeiaHeia — fitness focused community service Dribbble — a community for graphic designers Futisforum2 — football-themed discussion forum Virtual Worlds: Second Life Habbo Online Communities: Fleim Lobby Bar Duuni.net See also Semantic Web Something Phenomenon Social Media Optimization Social Bookmarking Dunbar Chapter Online Dating Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Erkkola, Jussi-Pekka| title= About the concept of social media| publisher = School of Art and Design, Media Laboratorio| year = 2008| format = [online version]}} References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Suominen, Jaakko etc.| title = Short History of Social Media | location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 2013| id = ISBN 978-952-495-313-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Pönkä, Harto| title = Social Media Handbook | publisher = Docendo| year = 2014| id = ISBN 978-952-291-095}} I A. Hintikka:.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

University of Jyväskylä Civil Society Research Portal 15.8.2008.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

Criticism of social media.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

Experts deal with social media from the point of view of entrepreneurs.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

Marko Nenonen:.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

Helsingin Sanomat on 10.8.2011.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

Harto Pönkä: Examples of social media guidelines for organisations University of Oulu University of Eastern Finland Häme University of Applied Sciences' Somequet 'Social Media Research and Literature Aalto, Tuija & Uusisaari, Marylka Yoe: Löydy - Brand yourself online ( Key 2010) Bechmann, Anja & Lomborg, Stine (2012) Mapping actor roles in social media: Different perspectives on value creation in theories of user participation.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

New Media & Society, 15 (5), 765-781.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

() boyd, danah & Ellison, Nicole B (2007) Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

Journal of Computer‐Mediated Communication 13:1, 210—230.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

Erkkola, Jussi-Pekka:.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

The rest of the job.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

Media Laboratory, University of Art and Design 2008.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

() Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Granö, Päivi| title = Self-portraits in the Internet Photo Gallery as a place delineated by young| location = Pori| publisher = University of Turku.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

Department of Cultural Production and Landscape Study| year = 2006| version = In the book: Saarikoski, Petri, Riikka Turtiainen & Päivi Granö (ed.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

): Limit.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

Encounters and crossings.| id = ISBN 951-29-3171-0| page = 13-36}} Itkonen-Isakov, Terhi-Maija:, p. 50 - 58.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

In the book: Viteli, J. & Kaupinmäki, S.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

(eds.)


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

Tuovi 5: Interactive Technology in Education 2007 Conference Scholar Meeting Articles.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

Tay.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

Hypermedia Laboratory.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

University of Tampere 2008.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

ISBN 978-951-44-7202-2 Kaplan, Andreas M.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

(2012) If you love something, let it go mobile: Mobile marketing and mobile social media 4x4, Business Horizons, 55 (2), p.129-139.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

Kaplan Andreas M., Haenlein Michael, (2010 in print; 2009 online), Users of the world, unite!


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

The challenges and opportunities of social media, Business Horizons, Vol.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

53, Issue 1 Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Korpiola, Lilly| title = Crisis communication in digital public| location = Helsinki| publisher = Infor| year = 2011| id = ISBN 978-952-5928-10-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Korpiola, Llly & Nikkanen, Hanna| title = Arab Spring| location = Helsinki| publisher = Key| year = 2012| id = ISBN 978-951-692-912-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Laaksonen, Salla-Maaria; Matikainen, Janne & Tikka, Minttu| title = Extracts from the web.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

Web and Social Media Research Methods| location = Tampere| publisher = Vastapaino| year = 2013 (ed.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

) | id = ISBN 978-951-768-410-1| format = [online version]}} Lietsala, Katri & Sirkkunen, Esa:.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

Tay.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

Hypermedia Laboratory.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

University of Tampere 2008, ISBN 978-951-44-7374-6 () Matikainen, Janne: Border between social and traditional media.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

University of Helsinki, Communication Research Centre CRC 2009.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

Matikainen, Janne & Villi, Mikko (2013).


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

Mobile Media Content.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

Producing, distributing and consuming content on social media.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

() Melakoski, Cai & Sirkesalo, Sofa & Tirronen & Helena (TAMK): Rekola, P. 2011.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

University of Jyväskylä.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

Department of Communication Sciences.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

Master's Thesis.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

Saarikoski Petri, Suominen Jaakko, Turtiainen Riikka, Östman Sari: From FUNET to Facebook - Cultural History of the Internet (Gaudeamus, 2009) Salmenkivi, Sami & Nyman, Niko: Communal Media and Changing Marketing 2.0, Talentum 2007, ISBN 978-952-14-1239-4 Suoranta, Juha & Vadén, Tere: Wikiworld, Pluto Press, 2010.


Question: How is the social phenomenon defined?

Social media

Suominen, Östman, Saarikoski & Turtiainen: A Brief History of Social Media (Gaudeamus, 2013) * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The city of Oulu is the oldest in Northern Finland: it was founded as early as 1605.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Naturally, the history of the Oulu region began long before the city was founded.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Stone Age Stone Age discoveries have not been made in Oulu, as the water completely covered the area.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

At the end of the Stone Age c. 1800 BCE.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

the coast had advanced within the boundaries of contemporary Oulu, but it was still approx.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

15 km from the current river mouth.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

From this period, grave sites and dwellings have been found at Hangaskangas, Peursuo and Halosentörma along the border between the city of Oulu and Muhos municipality, where both Eastern and Scandinavian and even Central European origin have been found. bronze artifacts.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

During the Stone Age and the Bronze Age there was a strong settlement in the Oulujoki area with trade links to the west, south and east.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The Bronze and Iron Age in the Bronze and Early Iron Ages there was still settlement in the area of the river basin of Oulujoki.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

During the Iron Age, settlement along the Oulujoki River and along the coast deteriorated judging by the decline in the number of finds.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

On the other hand, Iron-Age discovery poverty may be partially apparent, and at least Sami settlement may have existed in the Oulujoki watershed throughout the Iron Age.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

In the area of the city of Oulu, Kaakkur, 12 graves, rich weapons and jewellery, have been studied in Kaakkur.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The artifacts link the tombs and the settlement behind them to western, Scandinavian-European cultural contexts.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Kalmisto joins the strong Iron Age settlement of Southern Ostrobothnia.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[1] During the Late Iron Age and the Early Middle Ages, Finns and Hälmen made fishing, trading and taxation expeditions to the north.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Norse wildernesses also moved around the Oulunjoki area since the 8th century, but the busier fishing of the Hälsinglanders in the Bothnian district is probably more lively.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

According to one interpretation, the Vikings are commemorated by the old Varjakka place names of the Oulu region.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[1] From the 12th century onwards, the Oulu region became the subject of Karelian catching and trading trips to the north from the flourishing population centres on the shores of Ladoga.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Oulujoki became the route of passage for Karelians to the Gulf of Bothnia.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

This is evidenced by many settlement names of Karelian origin, such as Oulun Iinatti, which comes from the Orthodox personal name Ignatij, Ignatius.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The Karelian settlement in the Oulu region also tells a document from 1345.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

According to it, Archbishop Hemming of Uppsala baptized Karelians who lived in the Church of Tornio into the Roman Catholic faith as well.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[1] From the Middle Ages to the 16th century, in the peace of Nutäsaari between Sweden and Novgorod in 1323, the Oulu region remained, according to traditional interpretation, as Novgorod region.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Today there is also support for the notion that Northern Ostrobothnia remained an area of shared enjoyment between the two kingdoms in the peace treaty.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

However, as early as 1345 Sweden annexed the territories as far as Kemijoki to the Diocese of


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Ownership of the territory became controversial, and in the following centuries, Novgorodians and later Russians made disposal expeditions as far as Ostrobothnia and Oulu.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Around the year 1375, the first endowments of Oulu Castle were built in the Oulu estuary.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The 15th century was characterised by repeated invasions of the region by Russians.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The most recent and destructive was 1496, when Northern Ostrobothnia was eradicated from Tornio all the way to Siikajoki.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Houses were burned, populations were massacred and taken as prisoners to Russia.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

After the turn of the century, there were fewer skirmishes.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[2] King Gustav Vasa of Sweden granted Oulu, Kemi, Tornio and Ii permission to operate as trading posts in 1531.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[3] In the 16th century, Oulu was the most important market place in Ostrobothnia.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

During the Long Hatred, the defence of Ostrobothnia was ordered to be organised by Admiral Peter Bagge, Ostrobothnia's commandholder, who was tasked with the construction of a castle on Merikoske Island.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

However, the castle remained an evil log fittings.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

In the Peace of Tokusinä of 1595, Russia recognised Swedish ownership of the territories of the Oulu region.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The establishment of the town and 17th century on 8 April 1605, King Charles IX of Sweden ordered Isak Behm to rebuild the endowment and establish a town on the site.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The following year, the burghers of the city were granted a 10-year tax exemption and in 1610 Oulu received city rights.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The town became a center for the tar and salmon trade.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Residents in the town numbered about 400 people in the early stages.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

However, the burghers of Oulu were not permitted to conduct foreign trade, but had to sell their merchandise to Stockholm and Sweden's Baltic ports and export timber to them and import grain and salt from there to Oulu. Trade in tar, the main export goods, was given in 1648 to a private for the tar company and the town's tar establishment was assigned to be very small.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Industry began to emerge in the 17th century, as between 1617 and 1638 the only auger mill producing rifles in Finland was active in Plaatan Island.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The growth and development of Oulu was very slow throughout the 17th century.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

In medieval times, Oulu, which had been a chapel in Liminga, was separated into its own parish in 1606.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

After the Russians burned the first church in 1590, a new wooden church was built in 1613.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The first pedagogy was established in Oulu in 1611 and in 1682 it was converted into a trivial school.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Halfway through the year, a fire raged in the town on two occasions: in 1652 most of the buildings in the town burned down, down to the bridge that led to the castle.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The 1655 blaze, which originated in the mayor's brewery room, caused lesser damage.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

18th century The next major devastation the town was faced in 1705, when the fire broke loose on two occasions, in June and August, destroying a total of 144 houses.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[4] During the Great Hatred of 1714—1721, Oulu, like the rest of Northern Ostrobothnia, suffered badly from repeated robberies and terror by Russian troops.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

A bourgeoisie guard had been assigned to defend Oulu.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

In March 1715, the Russians burned down the already badly dilapidated Oulu Castle.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The whole of Northern Ostrobothnia became poorer and refugees roamed in the Oulu region in abundance.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[5] The burghers and weathermen from Oulu fled to Sweden's Western Bottom and Stockholm.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

During the war years, five percent of the city's population was taken as slaves to Russia, most of them children.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

One of them was Kristoffer Mikkelinpoika Toppelius, who after years was able to return to his native region.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Kristofer was the paternal grandfather of Zacharias Topelius, and the subject of the Birch and the Star fairy tale.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The family's household, the House of Toppelius still remains in Torikadu.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

With the fires and war of 1705, the city's population plummeted from 1,000 inhabitants at the beginning of the century to 350 people.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[2] With the coming of peace in 1721, the city gradually got back on its feet.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The boom in Oulu began in 1765, when the city gained the tapulitown rights enabling foreign trade.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The wars raging around the world brought tar burning to a new heyday in the 1770s and 1780s.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Transporting tar necessitated a good water route from tar lands to clap town.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

It was formed by Oulujoki and so in Oulu specialized in the tar trade.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The most prominent merchants in Oulu formed a merchant society in the 1770s, which established a tar court on the shores of Toppilansstrami in 1777.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Shipbuilding began to get busy and the burghers of Oulu were engaged in freight traffic as far as the Mediterranean and the Americas.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

At the end of Swedish rule, Oulu was the second most substantial market town in the Gulf of Bothnia.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The seat of the Landlord was placed in Oulu in 1775 when Oulu County was established.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

A pharmacy was established in Oulu in 1762, a district doctor started in 1773, a city doctor in 1784 and a hospital in 1792.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The stately town hall was built in 1771 and a stone church in 1776.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

At the end of the 18th century, Oulu, with a population of 3000 inhabitants, was the second largest city after Turku, located in the area now belonging to Finland.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The remains of Oulu Castle were finally destroyed in 1793 when lightning ignited the fort's gunpowder cellar.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Today, only ruins are commemorated of the castle.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

19th century A major change in the development of the town occurred in 1822, when a fire destroyed the entire downtown area.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Based on a sketch by Johan Albrecht Ehrenström, Carl Ludvig Engel drew up a checkerboard scheme in 1825, the checkering of which was broken only by the Cities and surrounding parks, and according to which the houses in the centre are still built.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Throughout the 19th century, Oulu was by far Finland's largest tar exporter.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

During the Crimean War of 1854, an English naval detachment burned the ships in the port of Oulu and the warehouse in the port of Toppila — the tar court, causing thousands of barrels of tar to burn.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The English also burned thirty ships of Oulu's merchant fleet, the second largest in the country after Turku.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Ship carvings — varves — were numerous in Oulu, and ships were also made to be exported elsewhere.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Shipping traffic was abundant anyway, over 300 ships could visit the port during the year.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

In 1882, another extensive fire raged in the town.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

In 1886, the Ostrobothnia line was built, connecting Oulu to Southern Finland.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

There was a shift from tar to the sawmill, leather and food industries, and in commerce to modern wholesale and individual trade.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

In 1860, Oulu merchants established a steam sawmill in Iin Kestilä and a sawmill was established in Korkeasaari in 1874, Toppila 1878 and Varjakka 1900.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

In 1863, Weljekset Åström Oy leather factory was established in Myllytullii.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The first companies in the metal industry were the Oulun Konepaja founded in 1874, the railway machine shop founded in 1886 and the Oulu Iron Industry founded in 1903.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The Oulu wool factory started in 1896.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Electricity was provided for streetlights starting in 1889 by a city-owned steam engine located on Kiikelin Island.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Even before this, Åström factories and Seuratalo had been illuminated by their own electric plants.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The City of Oulu Electricity Plant was the fourth oldest company in Europe when completed.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[6] The timber industry company Ab Uleå Oy started operations in 1912.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

A marine school was established in Oulu in 1864.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

In the same year, a business school also started operating.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

In the 19th century, the trivial school was transformed into an upper elementary school and a high school was attached to it.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The well-known Oulu Finnish private lyceum started in 1872 and it turned into the Oulu Lyceum in 1883.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Oulun Wiikko-Sanomat, Finland's third Finnish-language newspaper, appeared in Oulu from 1829 to 1869, and the most significant magazine since then became Kaiku, published in 1877—1949.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Elias Lönnrot's Bee began to appear in 1836.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The first half of the 20th century Tar's importance in shipbuilding declined sharply when the town's rebuilt tar door burned down in a 1901 fire.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The Tervahov fire thus also ended the time of the Oulu tar burghers.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The streets of Oulu were given their current names in the 1907 city plan.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Oulua was first presented as a higher education site as early as 1917.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

However, the University of Oulu did not start operating until autumn 1959.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

In 1916, a fire raged again in the town, destroying an entire block and providing the final impetus for the establishment of a permanent fire department.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

However, due to the troubled times associated with Finland's independence and civil war, the project did not come to fruition until 1921.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

In total, Oulu has burned ten times in its history.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[7] Armed independence activities in Oulu With the intensified political situation after the turn of the century, opinions became more favourable to armed action in order to achieve independence.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

This happened in more than one stage.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

In 1905, the working people of Oulu and the constitutional bourgeoisie cooperated against the Russians.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

During the Great Strike in November 1905, the town was held by working people and constitutionalists.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[8] The police department, railway station and telegraph were overrun, road links from the town were cut off.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The Russian garrison remained aloof from the events, but gave refuge to the city's gendarmes.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Power in the city passed to the People's Council, half of whose 40 members were working people, half were constitutional.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Order in the city was kept by the National Guard of the People's Council.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The Guard was divided into two sections, the Base Guard for those with military training and the General Guard for the more inexperienced crew.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

At its maximum, the Guard comprised 700 men, though the weapons numbered only 50 unfit rifles.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[9] The People's Council held the city under its administration for a week.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Conflicts arose among constitutionalists and working people already during the strike.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

As the general political situation in the country intensified, the intermediate breach deepened and separate armed organizations for both were soon established in the city.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The Oulu branch of the Power Federation The force federation was established to push for independence by force of arms if necessary.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The Oulu Department was established in December 1905.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Nominally the activities were sports activities, the front organisation was the Oulun General Sports Association.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Weapons The Force received the gun ship SS John Grafton from its cargo, totaling just under a couple hundred rifles and fifty revolvers.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The power union organized arms exercises and sports competitions.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The organization was held together until at least the summer of 1906.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[10] The Oulu Red Guard After the Great Strike in the Oulu Workers' Association, it was decided in late January 1906 to establish a Red Guard.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

There was no rush to make arrangements for the case, as the Chief of the Guard was not elected until July too.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

The Red Guard did not play a central role in the activities of the Oulu Workers, due to the large proportion of moderates in the leadership of the movement.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

For example, the local labour newspaper People's Will practically fell silent on the Red Guard's activities.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

After the Viapori Rebellion was defeated in early August, the Guard was disbanded.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[10] 1906—1917: The repressive period and the ice cap movement in Oulu, when the Emperor was defeated in Russia in the pursuit of power, the regime's retaliatory measures began, and in Finland the Second period of repression.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

After World War I ignited, the regime's grip became even tighter: efforts were made to remove Finland's special status


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

In this case, in Finland, the idea of an armed pursuit of independence gave rise to an ice warfare movement that secretly delivered men for military training to Germany, Russia's enemy country.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[11] In Oulu, activists from the ice cap movement were found in both right-wing and working people.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Recruits and frontmen included Esko Riekki, a later bar iceman, and Oiva Rustanius and Erkki Merikallio, both later ice keepers themselves.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

In addition, merchants and other bourgeoisie were involved, but also central figures of the local labour movement: Jaakko Kemppainen, a vateur, and the newsagents Yrjö Mäkelin and Hannes Uksila.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

All were active in the labour movement: Kemppainen's former perennial president of the workers' association, Uksila Youth Department functionary and MP for Mäkel.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

[12] The Jääkärikokelaat were first assembled in the editorial staff of the local workers' magazine, Mäkelin and Uksila's workplace, from where they were delivered to Kemppainen's clothing shop and further to Sweden.


Question: When was Oulu founded?

History of Oulu

Activists of the labour movement also paid off, of 41 Oulu ice heads, nearly half, or 18 men, came from a workers' home.