Question: Where was Vadim Šipatchev born?

Vadim Šipachev

He has represented Russia at World Championships in 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017, with the first tournament ending with a world title, the 2015 tournament silver, and the 2016 and 2017 tournaments with bronze.


Question: Where was Vadim Šipatchev born?

Vadim Šipachev

[1] Šipatchev's 2014 tournament also accommodated a three-match ban he received after tackling Finland's Pekka Jormakka Jormakka with a shoulder to the head.


Question: Where was Vadim Šipatchev born?

Vadim Šipachev

Jormakka lay on the ice for four minutes unconscious and returned to the troughs the next time in the quarterfinals.


Question: Where was Vadim Šipatchev born?

Vadim Šipachev

The match referee did not whistle a penalty at all for the situation, but the IIHF ruled the hit to have been a head-on tackle which should have been adjudicated a match penalty.


Question: Where was Vadim Šipatchev born?

Vadim Šipachev

Šipatchev's tackle was also interpreted as a conscious choice.


Question: Where was Vadim Šipatchev born?

Vadim Šipachev

[10] Šipatšov won the points and assists exchange of the 2016 tournament with powers of 6+12=18 and was selected for the constellation field.


Question: Where was Vadim Šipatchev born?

Vadim Šipachev

The coaching selected Šipatchev as one of the top three players of the tournament.


Question: Where was Vadim Šipatchev born?

Vadim Šipachev

He was also selected at the conclusion of the starting group match against Denmark as the best player of the match against Russia.


Question: Where was Vadim Šipatchev born?

Vadim Šipachev

[11] In the 2017 tournament, Šipatšov served as Russia's vice-captain.


Question: Where was Vadim Šipatchev born?

Vadim Šipachev

He was again selected in the starting group at the conclusion of the match against Denmark as the best player in his team's match.


Question: Where was Vadim Šipatchev born?

Vadim Šipachev

[12] Šipatšov also played in the World Cup in 2016.


Question: Where was Vadim Šipatchev born?

Vadim Šipachev

[1] In total he has played 110 A country matches with a power score of 27+62=89.


Question: Where was Vadim Šipatchev born?

Vadim Šipachev

[1] Šipatšov made his A national team debut on February 10, 2011 in the opening match of the LG Hockey Games in Mytišchi, against Finland.


Question: Where was Vadim Šipatchev born?

Vadim Šipachev

[13] Statistics 2003—2004Severstal Cherepovets-2RUS-3121230——————2004—2005SeverStal Cherepovets-2rus-3———————————2005—2006Severstal Cherepovets-2rus-35116233944———————Severstal cherepovetsr20000———————2006—2007SeverStal Cherepovets-2RUS-3269223130—————Severstal Cherepovets-2RUS-3269223130—————Severstal Cherepovets-2RUS-3269223130——————Severstal Cherepovets-2RUS-326EPovetsrsl10110—————HK Belgorodrus-282792722442007—2008HK Belgorodrus-2348303818———————Severstal Cherepovets-2rus-343588—— ——Severstal Cherepovetsrsl80000400002008—2008-2009SeverStal Cherepovets-2RUS-35510150149152410SeverStal cherepovetskhl2944812——————2009—2010SeverStal Cherepovetskhl5514304430—————2010—2011SeverStal Cherepovetskhl5514304430—————2010—2011SeverStal Erepopetskhl5113253822621382011—2012SeverStal Cherepovetskhl5422375926612342012—2013SeverStal Cherepovetskhl51172441126156142013—2014Ska PetersKhl5212203210101012mm734742014—2015Ska PetersKhl491242542022615212 MM1045922015—2016SKA PetersKhl541743606315791612mm10612188 2016SKA 6—2017SKA St. PetersGhl502650762217416208 mc20112mm102111322017—2018Vegas Golden KnightsNHL31012——————OK10000SKA PetersGhl229162581447111210 throughTotalKhl46714629143722596265480623 throughTotal Ärsl11011040000 Sources at References Category:Russian ice hockey players Category:World Hockey Champions Category:Born in 1987 Category:Live persons


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

Eino Einari Rahja (7 July 1885, Kronstadt — 26 April 1936, Leningrad) was a St. Petersburg Finnish Bolshevik and Red Army officer who in the 1920s—1930s was known as a fierce critic of the leadership of the Communist Party of Finland and an opponent of Otto Wille Kuusinen.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

In connection with the 1917 October Revolution, Rahja acted as V.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

I. Lenin as his personal security detail and bodyguard.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

A short time later, he acquired arms for the Red Guards from Soviet Russia and served during the civil war, among other things, as a front master at the battles of Lempäälä and briefly as commander-in-chief of the entire Red Guards.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

After fleeing in the final stages of the war to Soviet Russia, Rahja joined the Red Army and held senior positions in the SKP, which was formed in the fall of 1918.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

[1] Eino Rahja's brothers Jukka (1887—1920) and Jaakko (1872—1926) were also Bolsheviks.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

Besides Eino, Jukka Rahja in particular was a controversial figure among Finnish communists.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

The brothers' feuding behaviour, as well as the strident rhetoric, made many resentful.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

At the same time, Eino Rahja, who belonged to the SKP, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the Red Army and the Czech Republic, did not always act in accordance with SKP decisions and he did not hesitate to draw his own line, for example, at the Red Officer School in St. Petersburg.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

He was involved, among other things, in smuggling, counterfeiting money, and preparations for the Fat Rebellion.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

Rahja formed the opposition that bore his name within the SKP practically throughout the 1920s.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

In disputes that escalated before the 1925 Assembly, he allied himself in the Central Committee with Leo Lauk and Otto Vilm.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

In the early part of the decade, Rahja also had close ties with Grigory Zinoviev.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

[2] Life Early years Eino Rahja was born in Kronstadt into a St. Petersburg Finnish worker family.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

His father was Aapo Mikonpoika Rahja (1848—1902) from Kalajoki and mother Katarina Matindaughter-Sjöberg (born 1848).


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

The family had nine children in total, the two oldest of whom were born in Kalajoki, before the family moved permanently to Saint Petersburg in 1876.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

Aapo Rahja worked in Saint Petersburg and Kronstadt as a railwayman, in a machine shop and as a carpenter until he died due to an accident at work in St. Petersburg in February 1902.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

Subsequently, the family's maintenance was left on the shoulders of 16-year-old Eino and his brother Juka, two years younger.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

The four eldest daughters of the family had all died in St. Petersburg even before their tenth year of age.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

Of the other two brothers, Eemil (born 1883) was incapacitated due to rheumatism and the eldest brother Jaakko, in turn, had already started a family of his own.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

[3] The Russian Revolution and the Finnish Civil War Rahja worked in Saint Petersburg as a turner, as a railway heater and as a foreman at the Lanskaya aircraft factory.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

In 1903, like his brother Juka, he joined the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party (VSDTP), from which Rahja later switched to the Bolshevik Party, founded in 1912.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

He became acquainted with Lenin, who along with Hugo Elm helped after the 1917 March Revolution to flee to Finland.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

Shortly before the beginning of the October Enchantment of Power, he assisted Lenin in returning to Russia.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

[4] Rahja, who knew the streets of St. Petersburg, escorted Lenin, for example, on his way to Smolna, where on 7 November the decisions to initiate the October Revolution were taken.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

[5] After the revolution in November 1917, Rahja was elected to the staff of the Finnish Red Guard in Saint Petersburg and at the same time he was transferred to Finland as assistant to the Finnish Commissioner of the Bolshevik government.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

[4] At the turn of 1917—1918, Eino and Jukka Rahja acquired weapons for the Finnish Red Guards.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

After Ali Aaltonen, Eero Haapalainen and Onni Kallio arrived in Saint Petersburg in mid-January to buy weapons, Rahja took advantage of his relations with Lenin and acquired a large cargo of weapons and ammunition for the Finns, which was delivered to the destination by the so-called large gun train.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

The brothers travelled by train to Finland on 27 January, when it was ambushed by whites at Kämärä railway station.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

Battle of Kämärä was the first battle of the Finnish Civil War.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

Despite Jukka Rahja's wounding, the cargo of weapons was eventually received to the Red Guards.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

During the Civil War, Rahja initially served as an interpreter between the Russian warfolk and the Reds, but after their departure, Lenin ordered him from 9 March onwards to Saint Petersburg as the Commissar of the Finnish Station.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

On 20 March, Eero Haapalainen, the commander-in-chief of the Red Guards, was dismissed and a trio formed by Rahja, Evert Eloranna and Adolf Taimi was appointed to replace him.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

However, Rahja was only in the position for three days when, from 24 March, he served as Commander-in-Chief of the Lempäälä Front.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

[4] However, as the White cordon tightened around Tampere, Rahja quickly left the front to obtain power-ups for the Reds.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

He is reported to have said when he left that he is not “Rahja but Rähja” unless he is able to bring 15,000 men to the aid of the Reds.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

Authorised by a people's delegation, he travelled to Saint Petersburg to acquire troops and weapons, but instead of the Russians managed to get the aid of only two companies of St. Petersburg Finns.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

On his return journey, however, Rahja managed to mobilize some 2,000 men, two armoured trains, cannons and an aircraft to the Lempäälä front.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

He carried out reconnaissance flights and even dropped bombs, without causing major destruction.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

After the front broke, Rahja fled through Lahti and Kouvola to Russia.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

In Saint Petersburg, he initially served on the committee receiving Red Refugees from Finland, also recruiting men who had fought in the Red Guards into the Red Army.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

[4] After the Civil War, in connection with the Northern Russian intervention of the Circum-Powers, Rahja held negotiations with the British regarding the participation of Finnish troops in the war, and eventually the Muurmann Legion was established in Viena Karelia in June 1918.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

At the turn of the year, Rahja took the first course of the St. Petersburg International Red Officer School, after that until 1922 as commissioner and inspector of the Finnish Corps of the Red Army.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

After this, he was a member of the St. Petersburg Revolutionary War Council.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

[4] Rahja's brothers Eino and Juka are also reported to have smuggled food from Finland to Soviet Russia between 1918 and 1919.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

[4] In Soviet Russia, Rahja was involved in the activities of the SKP established there from the beginning.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

Due to their language skills and well relations, the Rahja brothers' position in the party was very strong.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

However, they were accused of financial irregularities.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

Rahjat, on the other hand, criticised SKP's leading figures such as Otto Wille from Kuusista and Kullervo Mannerta.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

They were pro-political action, while the brothers believed in military action.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

Eino Rahja felt the party was just a horde of officials when it should have been a revolutionary organization.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

According to his view, SKP would not succeed in Finland to make a revolution, but would be needed to trigger the war between Finland and the Soviet Union, after which the country, with the revolution, would join the Soviet Union.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

In SKP, relations between Rahja and Kuusinen in particular were strained.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

When Jukka Rahja was shot in the so-called Kuusinen Club murders in August 1920, he suspected that Kuusinen was behind the blood act.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

This in turn attempted to get rid of Rahja at the fourth party congress of the SKP held a year later.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

Kuusinen threatened to leave the party unless Rahja was expelled from the Central Committee, but eventually both continued in SKP after Manner defended Rahja.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

However, disagreements between the men still persisted and after Lenin's death in 1923, both fought for the popularity of Stalin, who had risen to the leadership of the NKP.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

[4] Rahja was dropped from the SKP Central Committee eventually in 1927, after which, however, he was promoted to the rank of Army Commander in the Red Army with the rank of lieutenant-general.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

Later in the 1930s, Rahja collected information directed against Kus and Manner for the NKVD.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

Suffering from alcoholism, Rahja was dismissed from the army in 1935 and imprisoned still in the same year.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

The death sentence was imposed on him, but Rahja died of pulmonary tuberculosis in 1936 before it was implemented.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

Despite the verdict, Rahja was buried with heroic expenditure in the Alexander Nevsky cemetery.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

[4] The agglomeration of Rahja after Eino Rahja is named after the Rahja agglomeration in Seuloskov District of Leningrad Oblast.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

In 2014 Jaakko Rahja (b. 1955), Master of Science in Kirkkonummelainen, published a miniature biography about the Rahja brothers.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

However, he does not belong to the same line of Rahja as brothers.


Question: Where was Eino Einari Rahja born?

Eino Rahja

[6] Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Rahja, Jaakko| title = Rahjan brothers| location = Kirkkonummi| publisher = author| year = 2014| format = [online version] (PDF)}} On topic elsewhere category:Bolsheviks Category:Comintern Influenced persons Class:Persons affected in SKP (1918—1990) Category:Finnish Civil War Red Class:Finnish officers Class:Saint Petersburg Finns Class:Born in 1885 Class:Persons who died in 1936


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

April O'Neil is a fictional comic book character from the IDW publishing house.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

Created by Kevin Eastman and Peter Laird, the character first appeared in 1984 in the second issue of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles comic book.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

April O'Neil is the Turtles' first human ally.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

The character's hair colour was dark brown in the first comics, but after this April's hair has often been coloured reddish-brown or just reddish.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

Comic Book In the original comics, April was a computer programmer dressed in a blue jacket and jeans who worked under Dr. Baxter Stockman.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

After discovering Baxter using the planned Mouser robots to rob the bank, April ran away from Baxter's workshop, but became lost in the sewer system while running for her life to escape the robots.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

[1] Soon the four turtles happened to rescue April from the robots created by Baxter.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

Afterwards, April became friends with Leonardo, Donatello, Rafaello and Michelangelo of the Four Turtles.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

They later returned back to April's workplace after discovering Stockman had tried to extort money from the city by posing as a ransom demanding terrorist.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

April journeyed with the Turtles to stop Stockman, who, however, at the conclusion of a brief interval, ran off his own ways.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

Later, April gave the Turtles her phone number if they needed help from her.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

With this, April has been subjected to several adventures and often the target of attacks as well.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

An antique shop owned by April was destroyed by fire during the battle against Shredder.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

Later, in the mid-1990s, his relationship with Casey Jones became more romantic, with which, after dating, they married and adopted Shadow, the girl who went along with Casey.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

Since then, April and Casey wanted to have a child of their own, but with no result, April slipped into depression and disappeared.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

Casey later found April and Renet took her to the past.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

April found out her father badly wanted a daughter, but since not successful she decided to draw April.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

The drawing was transformed into vivid by a crystal that Jack Kirby used to resurrect his drawings alive.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

Unlike Kirby's pencil-drawn characters that disappeared after a certain period of time, April was drawn in ink, which partly explains that she hasn't disappeared out of sight yet.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

After April's creation, her younger sister Robin was born.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

For April, her own birth story was heartbreaking news and she went out of town to Alaska to learn to live with the new truth.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

Although April returned back to town she did not tell anyone about the truth she knew.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

In the comic book based on the Archie Comics 1980s Turtles animated series, April led the Turtlet all the way to where the action took place, while serving as their link to the human world.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

April, like animation, was a slightly helpless woman who got into trouble.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

However, after falling victim to hitmen and various criminals, he decided to learn how to struggle.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

April trained to struggle in Master Stick's doctrine, while changing her dress style to cowboy boots and tops.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

Since then, he battled demons in Japan and flirted with Chu Hsi firefighter.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

However, after spending too long abroad, April was fired from Channel Six.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

Luckily, April convinced her friend Oyuki to use the camera, with which the duo suddenly became a successful pair of freelancer as journalists.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

They managed to film and publicize global news.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

IDW In 2011, in the revamped Turtles comics, April worked as an intern at a biotech company run by Baxter Stockman.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

His supervisor was a technician named Chet, who helped April through his internship.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

He was also responsible for naming the Turtles who were in the laboratory's aquarium after Renaissance artists.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

[2] April later became friends with Casey Jones when she made an announcement about tutoring, on condition that she be taught self-defense.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

With the duo becoming friends, they met Turtlet and Tikun, whom April had named in the lab.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

He helped the Turtles go to a shelter in an abandoned antiques shop owned by his parents.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

In Other Media Animation Turtles — Mutant Turtles In the first animated series that began in 1987 April was a 26-year-old journalist living in New York City.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

He worked under Burne Thompson at the Channel 6 news channel.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

Due to frequent disagreements, April got into feuds with both Thompson and her cameraman Vernon Fenwick.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

Her only friend in the workplace was secretary Irma Langinstein, who was opposite in character to April.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

He often donned a yellow jumpsuit.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

April's full name was mentioned as April Harriet O'Neil in the series.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

April met the Turtles after making news of the theft of high-tech equipment.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

He later came under attack by a small criminal gang.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

At first, April managed to escape the gang, but ran to a dead end.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

Luckily for him, the Turtles happened to be on the scene and rescued April, taking her to their drainage den.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

There, the Turtles recounted their origins, but despite this April initially considered them guilty of recent robberies.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

However, the Turtles promised to prove themselves innocent if April would help them.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

With this, he became a trusted helper and source of information for the Turtles, also given the opportunity to film rare material for news, such as the Turtles' battle against the Shredder.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

In the series, April often found herself kidnapped and had to be rescued by the Turtles.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

Later, after Shredder destroyed the Channel 6 building, April decided to leave her job and moved on to become a freelancer news reporter.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

She also swapped her yellow jumpsuit for a new outfit.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

Wearing a brown jacket under him a green shirt, as well as dark yellow trousers.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

April also distanced herself from the Turtles after having enough of the adventurous and most often dangerous lifestyle.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

She wanted to take a new direction in her life at the same time.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

The character was voiced by Renae Jacobs, while in the episodes recorded in the Finnish language of the series, April was voiced by Liisa Paatso.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (2003) In the 2003 Turtles series, April's clothing underwent a radical change.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

He most often wore a button shirt along with trousers, but otherwise the character's origins were similar to his comic book.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

She is also not, like the previous animation, a helpless maiden, but is able to defend herself when necessary.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

In the series, April worked at the beginning as an assistant to Baxter Stockman until the robotic mouse experiment spirals out of control.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

Some of the robots chased April after she discovered Stockman's true intentions.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

After the Turtles are rescued from April's mouse robots, she becomes a loyal friend and ally of the Turtles.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

Like the previous series, April is greatly featured in the series, but this time specialises in science and especially computers.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

With these abilities, April has been mostly involved with Donatello over the course of the series.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

However, with Casey, April has been in an even closer relationship and, in the later phase of the series, began dating Casey, although initially considered this to be a very primitive man.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

In addition, in later episodes, April learns better self-defense from Master Stick.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

The original voice of the character was Veronica Taylor, while Elise Langenoja was voiced by Elise Langenoja (though in episodes 12-26 of the first season).


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

Movies Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles In the first film in 1990, April is a television reporter for Channel Three news, where Chuck Pennington works with her.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

One night while leaving work home, April began to be harassed by a group of teenage thieves, but the Turtles just showed up to rescue her.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

After the incident, April found Raphael's wasted gut.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

Raphael remembered the weapon he had lost and followed April eventually snatching back his weapon and saving her again this time from the Foot Clan ninjas.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

During the fight, however, April fainted and Raphael carried her to his sewer home.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

When she awoke, April was startled by the turtles and the rat, Master Itchy, who was sedated and explained what happened to her.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

April befriended the Turtles and helped them briefly accommodate their residence as the Foot Clan took advantage of the Turtles' home.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

During the film, Casey falls for April, who did not initially experience the same feelings for Jones.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

The character was played by Judith Hoag.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

Teen Mutant Ninja Turtles 2: The Secret of the Goo In the second film April lets the Turtles live in her home until they find a new apartment.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

He simultaneously makes the news regarding natural pollution caused by the TGRI company.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

The Turtles also show curiosity about the company when Itchy reveals that the company logo is also in the same substance that transformed the Turtles and Tiku into their current essence.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

Aprilia starred Paige Turco.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

Teen Mutant Ninja Turtles 3 In the third film, April, using a transitional device, travels back in time to feudal time Japan.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

In bringing before that the gifts brought to the Turtles from the flea market.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

For Leonardo, he brought a book about swords, a lamp shade for Michelangelo, an old radio for Donatello and a felt hat for Raphael, and a sceptre for Itchy.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

Meanwhile, in feudal Japan, Kenshin enters a temple, driving the priests away from the scene.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

At the same time, he notices the scepter and reads its writings.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

Meanwhile, in modern times, April watches the same scepter up close as it begins to shimmer.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

While touching the scepter, he swaps places with Kenshi and journeys back in time to feudal Japan.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

Arriving at the scene, Daimyo's soldiers grab him with them and Lord Norinaga blames him for Kensh's disappearance, capturing him behind bars.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

Later, the Turtles travel to rescue April's miunais from Japan back to modern times.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

The character was played by Paige Turco.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

TMNT In the fourth film, April lives together with Casey Jones and both work for a transportation company.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

While searching for a statue for Max Winters in South America, he meanwhile searches for Leonardo, whom April has heard moving through the jungle.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

Accidentally finding Leonardo, she asks him to come back home.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

Leonardo refuses to come however and April returns back with the New York statue she promised to seek out for Winters.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

In the closing stages of the film, April reveals that she bought a new outfit in Japan, as well as a new hockey mask for Casey.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

He has also trained with Master Itchy's assistance in self-defense, as well as handling a katana and, along with Casey, helps the Turtles get inside the Winters' building, fighting a group of ninjas.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

April was voiced by Sarah Michelle Gellar.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

In the Finnish version, Elise Langenoja, familiar from the 2003 animated series, her voice was already used.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

Video Games April has appeared in almost all video games, where it has most often served as a side character or maiden in need of rescue.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

The character first appeared as a playable character in the Sega Mega Drive version of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Tournament Fighters game.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

Since then, in games developed by Konami, April has mostly served as an advisor and narrator to the Turtles.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

It also appeared as a playable character in the TMNT: Mutant Melee brawler, as well as a second time in Ubisoft's TMNT: Smash-Up.


Question: What kind of cartoon character is April O'Neil?

April O'Neil

Characters who played the character Sources Category:Teen Mutant Ninja Turtles Characters Category:Fictional Journalists


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

Soviet Union (abbreviation NL [1];), officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (; abbreviation SNTL [1], ven.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

СССР [1], SSSR [1]) was a socialist state dominated by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union that existed from 1922 to 1991.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

The predecessor of the Soviet Union was Soviet Russia, born of the October Revolution.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

The Soviet Union was one of the winning states of World War II.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

During the Cold War, the Soviet Union was the world's second superpower and had the second largest gross domestic product in the world.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

In 1991, the Soviet Union was the largest country in the world by area (22.4 million square kilometers) and the third largest in terms of population (almost 300 million inhabitants).


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

The capital of the Soviet Union was Moscow.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

The Soviet Union consisted of Soviet republics, with varying numbers.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

In the late days of the Soviet Union there were fifteen.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

The Baltic states became independent in August 1991, and the remaining 12 Soviet republics agreed among themselves to abolish the Soviet Union on 8 December 1991.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev announced his resignation from office on 25 December 1991, as the state he led no longer existed.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

Eleven former Soviet republics formed a regional organization, the Commonwealth of Independent States, after the dissolution.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

The international law successor state of the Soviet Union became the largest state to exist as a Soviet republic, Russia.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

The Soviet Union was a permanent member of the UN Security Council.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

In addition to the Soviet Union, the Soviet republics of Ukraine and Belarus also belonged to the United Nations.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

[2] The name Soviet Union dates back to the tradition of workers' councils () in the Russian Empire, through which Bolsheviks and the socialist movement as a whole in Russia organise their decision-making in an inclusive manner.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

The name of the councils survived as the name of the local governments, regions, councils of republics and parliaments of the Soviet Union, such that the country's parliament became the Supreme Council in the 1936 Constitution.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

History Early stages Social unrest, saturation with authoritarian emperor rule, combat fatigue caused by World War I and the long-simmering need for change finally led to the 1917 implosion of Imperial Russia and the February Revolution.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

The interim government led by the Duma soon fell when the Bolshevit Party assumed a dominant position under its leader Vladimir Ilyich Lenin in the October Revolution.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

In connection with the October Revolution, a civil war broke out in Russia between reds and whites.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

Both further sought to keep Russia united and fought against the nationalists of the former parts of the Russian Empire seeking independence.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

On the same occasion, a number of small states broke away from Russia, including Finland and Poland.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

The Reds won the civil war, after which conditions calmed down so much that it was possible, under the leadership of Soviet-Russia, to establish a Union of Soviet Socialist Republics by the 1922 Constitution.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

[3] On 30 December 1922, Russia and the Soviet republics of Ukraine, Belarus and Transcaucasia, which had separated from it after the revolution, merged into the Soviet Union, becoming the first socialist state in the world to seek communism.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

In the same year, the Armoured Ship Potemkin, a Soviet national film directed by Lenin's court director Sergei Eisenstein, was also completed.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

Film played a major role in a country where illiteracy was widespread.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

After civil war-communism during the civil war, the government began to allow private enterprising alongside nationalised industry.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

The seizure of hundreds in rural areas was replaced by a tax.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

However, the underdevelopment of industrial production led to severe inflation and market speculation, resulting in a shortage of food in cities.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

In its early days, the Soviet Union was considerably weaker than the Empire militarily and sought to avoid conflict.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

Military and economic growth of the Soviet Union began in the 1930s under Stalin's regime.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

[4] Stalin's period After Lenin's death in January 1924, the troika Stalin, Kamenev and Zinoviev rose to power.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

There was a power struggle within the party between Lev Trotsky of the left, Nikolai Buharin of the right and Josif Stalin of the centre.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

Trotsky's left-opposition stance aimed, in accordance with the principle of continuous revolution, that the revolution would spread uninterrupted to other countries.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

In practice, the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic had lost the opportunity for a series of revolutions in central Eastern Europe and Central Europe after the failure of the Spartacist rebellion in Germany of 1919 and when the Poles had repelled the invasion of Warsaw and obtained the Second Peace of Riga, which guaranteed Poland as an independent bourgeois republic.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

Stalin was more prepared to proceed according to Buharin's “Socialism in One Country” principle, which meant, from the position of broad-based world revolutionism, an intensive development of the Russian economy.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

[5] This effectively included the modernization of the land, the main points of which were the industrialization program and the collectivization of agriculture into sovhoes and kolkhoses to finance it.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

Through Lenin's NEP program, the prosperous peasant class, the kulaks, resisted collectivization and were allowed to experience the retaliatory measures of the state: forced relocation to Asia, expropriations and executions.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

In economic life, market forces were replaced by centralist five-year planning for the national economy.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

Stalin also developed military might.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

Already in the 1930s, the Soviet Union became one of the most militarily powerful countries in the world.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

[6] Stalin intensified Soviet totalitarianism by strengthening the state police (Czeka and NKVD).


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

He also carried out extensive purges in the 1930s known as Stalin's persecutions, in which, for example, almost the entire former leadership was deposed and executed.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

Even tens of millions of people were sent to prison camps (GULAG), liquidated, or they simply disappeared.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

Despite this, the Soviet Union developed in the years before the war into a powerful industrial power.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

[7] Europe was generally prepared for war in the 1930s, despite the opposing efforts of the League of Nations, which was considered weak.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

Maksim Litvinov, the People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the USSR in the League of Nations, opposed the efforts of Italy, Japan and Germany, at the same time trying to balance the growth of German power in Europe with a federal policy, primarily with France, which, because of the Popular Front policy, was political prerequisites.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

Another way for the Soviet Union to try to resist Italy and Germany was to participate in the Spanish Civil War, in which the Comintern, a collaborative organization of world communist parties supporting Soviet foreign policy, was involved.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

As the entente cordiale did not work effectively enough for the Soviet Union against Germany, the Soviets finally decided to acquire time to equip themselves for war against Germany by allying with the latter in August 1939.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

The alliance was the result of British-Franco-Soviet military negotiations in which the Western powers did not pledge a significant number of divisions for the fight against Germany should war break out.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

World War II Time Shortly before the start of World War II, on August 23, 1939, the Soviet Union unexpectedly entered into a non-aggression pact with Nazi Germany led by Adolf Hitler.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

It later emerged that the agreement was also accompanied by a secret additional protocol on the division of interests between countries in Eastern Europe and the Baltic Sea region.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

According to it, the Soviet sphere of interest included Finland and the Baltic states, among others.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

In early September of the same year, Germany and the Soviet Union started a war against Poland.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

Germany quickly occupied the country except for its eastern part, which was conquered by the Soviet Union.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

At the end of November, the Soviet Union invaded Finland and began the Winter War in an effort to conquer Finland in accordance with the division of interests.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

In order to start the war, the Soviet Union staged the so-called. Mainila's shots to justify the attack to win it international approval.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

The invasion of Finland was not successful, but the Soviet Union was able to annex territories belonging to Finland in Karelia.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

In the summer of 1940, the Soviet Union occupied and annexed the Baltic States, and in the same year Bessarabia, which had belonged to Romania, was annexed.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

The Soviet Union planned a new war against Finland, but Hitler, despite Molotov's pleas, was no longer willing to do so.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

However, the Soviets continued to plan the war effort and the positioning of troops in anticipation of a new offensive.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

In 1941, Germany went to war against the Soviet Union.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

In the early stages, the Soviet Union was forced to retreat against a materially superior Germany, suffering huge male losses in Belarus, among others.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

The Western Allies, mainly the United States, substantially supported the Soviet war effort by supplying it with war material.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

The Germans remaining in the mot at Stalingrad in February 1943 decisively changed the course of the war.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

During the war years, the Soviet Union developed militarily into one of the strongest states in the world.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

In 1945, World War II ended with German defeat and Allied victory.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

[8] The Eastern Front is referred to as the war effort that took place during World War II, mainly in Eastern Europe.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

The designation is used in parallel with the Western Front, which was located in Western Europe.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

On the Eastern Front, facing each other were Germany with its allies and the Soviet Union between June 1941 and May 1945.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

Events on the Eastern Front had many consequences: the Soviet Union emerged as an industrial and military superpower for nearly 50 years; Germany was divided into British, Soviet, French and US occupation zones, and later the Federal Republic of Germany; and the German Democratic to the Republic, and Berlin was continuously occupied.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

Many Eastern and Central European countries were also occupied, effectively becoming Soviet-controlled popular democracies.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

In addition, Polish state territory moved 200 km westward to previously German-held territories.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

World War II also led to a continued U.S. military presence in Western and Central Europe to counter the Soviet threat.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

[9] During World War II, the Soviet Union also waged war against Finland, declaring war on Japan in the very final stages of World War II.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

In the Paris Peace Treaty, the Soviet Union received territories from Romania, Czechoslovakia, Poland and Finland.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

The Soviet Union was also left with the Baltic states annexed to it as early as 1940 and, after the war, part of East Prussia, which had belonged to Germany, the Kaliningrad region and the South Sakhalin and Kuril, which had belonged to Japan, were annexed.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

Besides, the Soviet Union annexed most of eastern central Europe into its circle of interest.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

The losing Germany of the war was divided into four occupation zones, one belonging to the Soviet Union, the others to the Western Allies.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

The original plan to govern Germany jointly was scrapped in 1946—1947 as the intervals between East and West became tighter.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

[10] With Japan, the Soviet Union never concluded a peace treaty, and the dispute over ownership of the Kuril Islands continues even today between Russia and Japan.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

[9] Cold War Stalin died in 1953, and after him in the Soviet leadership came Nikita Khrushchev.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

A period of de-escalation in domestic politics followed, and many of those convicted of betrayal under Stalin received a reputational restoration.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

Khrushchev, however, was criticised especially for the inefficiency of the financial leadership, and the management troika Leonid Brezhnev, Nikolai Podgornyi and Alexei Kosygin took over.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

As a longtime foreign minister, Andrei Gromyko was influenced.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

The Cold War also contrasted two ideological worlds.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

The West saw the states of the East as undemocratic, authoritarian communist dictatorships, and the East respectively, the states of the West as bourgeois imperialists and disenfranchisers.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

In both cases, the propaganda of the state apparatus influenced public opinion and made ideologies — communism and capitalism — powerfully negative and emotional; at the same time, links with actual political and economic theories were severed.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

[11] After World War II, the Soviet Union and the United States struggled for hegemony during the Cold War.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

The battle was fought through several so-called proxy wars, that is, entities allied with different parties waged war with each other in their respective territories, with the Soviet Union and the US supporting their own camp.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

However, no direct war was ever fought, apparently due to the bulky nuclear reserves of both.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

[12] The atmosphere of the Cold War led to numerous conflicts, some of which were armed.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

Proxy wars were fought in Vietnam, Angola, Korea and Afghanistan, among others.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

These wars were not directly opposed by the great powers, but often the forces of one superpower and a state on the side of the other bloc.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

[11] In Latin America, the United States undermined, either secretly or publicly, governments it considered too leftist (Chile and Allende, Guatemala and Arbenz, for example).


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

A form of proxy war was waged against the Sandinist government in Nicaragua with the help of mercenaries.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

Direct warfare against Cuba was abandoned after the Bay of Pigs fiasco.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

Many smaller Caribbean island nations were also occupied from time to time.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

[11] Eastern European countries, meanwhile, were under strict Soviet surveillance policies.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

Any uprisings or deviations from the Kremlin line were quickly suppressed.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

The most famous repressions were the overthrow of the Hungarian uprising and the occupation of Czechoslovakia that ended the Prague Spring.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

[13] During the Cold War, both superpowers sought to incorporate new states into their spheres of interest.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

However, the most central topic of US-Soviet rivalry was military power, and nuclear weapons in particular emerged as central.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

They were closely associated with the development of nuclear energy to produce nuclear weapons material and advances in military rocket technology, so-called nuclear missiles.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

From the 1950s until the end of the Cold War, there was a balance of terror between the two superpowers, with each side capable of inflicting such devastation on the other side if necessary that nuclear aggression would have been practically suicidal.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

Thus, nuclear weapons were considered to have secured a long but freezing period of peace.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

[14] End of the Soviet Union Elderly party leaders Brezhnev, Yuri Andropov and Konstantin Chernenko perished in the early 1980s one after another.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

Eventually, in March 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev became General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the most prominent position of the Soviet Union, as the country was effectively run by the Politburo, the political commission of the party.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

Gorbachev initiated a policy of reform that became known under the names “perestroika” (″rebuilding”), “glasnost” (″openness”) and “uskorenije” (″accelerating”).


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

The political climate was freed up and the rigorous economic planning under Brezhnev was relaxed.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

But instead of improving the system, the reforms only added to its instability.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

As censorship loosened, the media quickly dug up national and economic problems that had been covered up for a long time.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

Silenced issues such as poor housing conditions, food shortages, alcoholism, widespread pollution and steadily rising mortality rates received greater attention all the time.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

Atrocities during Stalin's regime also became public.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

Old and reformist circles clashed drastically, and Gorbachev, who balanced between extremes, ran into trouble trying to control the process he initiated himself.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

[15] In 1988, Gorbachev declared that the Soviet Union would reject the so-called Brezhnev Doctrine and allow democratic reforms in Eastern Europe.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

The intention was to strengthen the Soviet Union, which had begun menacingly from its Nazi unions, but the state could not withstand the reforms.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

This led, starting in 1989, to a whole series of power changes in Europe.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

The revolutions were mostly peaceful with the exception of Romania.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

They led to the collapse of communism's dominance in Europe.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

The Cold War between the U.S. and the Soviet Union ended.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

Within the Soviet Union, however, Gorbachev's regime had come under great suspicion and criticism from the Soviet leadership, especially among the old ones.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

However, Boris Yeltsin, a Democrat who won parliamentary elections in 1989 in Russia, was the most famous critic of Gorbachev, who opposed the old people in particular.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

In March 1991, the first and last referendum in the country's history was held in the Soviet Union.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

On December 24, 1990, following a proposal by the delegates of the Soviet People's Congress, Soviet citizens were asked if they wanted to maintain the Soviet Union as a reformed federation of independent republics that would guarantee people of all nationalities the same rights and freedoms.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

In the March referendum, 113512812, or 77.85% of the electorate, voted in favour of the reformed Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

However, the result of the referendum was buried in other problems, and mainly in infighting between Gorbachev and Yeltsin, which intensified as the spring wore on.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

The Old Ones persuaded Gorbachev to their side at the end of 1990, but failed to defeat the Baltic rebellions in the bloody clashes of January 1991 in which dozens were killed.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

In August 1991, a group of hardline communists under Vice President Gennady Janayev attempted to pull off a coup.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

They wanted to prevent further dispersing and destabilizing changes in the Soviet Union.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

During the coup, Gorbachev was imprisoned for three days in the Crimean peninsula in his state holiday home.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

However, the hijacking boiled down to size as Boris Yeltsin gathered citizens and soldiers on his side to oppose the coup.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

The Emergency Committee, which took power, represented the supreme legal authority: in addition to the vice president, the Prime Minister, the Minister of Defense, the Minister of Internal Affairs, the Chairman of the KGB, the Vice-President of the Defence Council and the Chief of the Presidential Office were members of the Emergency Committee.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

Gorbachev regained his nominal position as President of the Soviet Union, but he found that public opinion and the power apparatus had shifted fully to support Yeltsin.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

The Baltic states declared independence.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

Ukraine also voted for independence in December, despite having previously agreed to remain in the Soviet Union.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

On December 8, the leaders of Belarus, Ukraine and Russia met, established the CIS, and denied the existence of the Soviet Union.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

In the end, Gorbachev had to bend to this decision, and he resigned on 25 December 1991.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

The next day, the Soviet Union ceased to exist.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

[16] After the Soviet Union, the Russian Federation inherited the status of the Soviet Union, but economically and politically weakened.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

In 2009, the majority of Russians thought the dissolution of the Soviet Union was an accident.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

16% of Russians supported the restoration of the Soviet Union in its original form.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

[17] Among the parties, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, founded on the ruins of the NKP, has pushed for the re-establishment of the Soviet Union and the councils on a voluntary basis.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

[18] Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the status of socialism as the official cause of the states has diminished globally.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

In 1990, the German Democratic Republic was annexed into the Federal Republic of Germany.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

Yugoslavia broke up in 1991.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

Today, the most prominent state in the world calling itself socialist is the People's Republic of China.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

Other well-known states calling themselves socialist include Cuba and Vietnam.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

[19] Governance and Politics The Supreme Command of the Soviet Union was a socialist federal state in which supreme power lay with the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (NKP).


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

[20] The one-party system was justified by three main arguments: Historical reasons, namely the Bolsheviks being left without allies in the Russian Civil War, and the absence of opposing social classes — the means of production and land assets were nationalised — and high turnout.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

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During the reign of Mikhail Gorbachev in the late 1980s, the country began to move towards a multi-party system, the likes of which, however, were never created.


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Since the time of Stalin, the supreme power of the Soviet Union rested with the head of the NKP, that is, the Secretary-General of the Central Committee, commonly referred to as Leader of the Soviet Union.


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[21] However, Lenin is generally regarded as the first leader of the Soviet Union, although he was not General Secretary of the Communist Party, but served as President of the Council of People's Commissars, i.e., effectively Prime Minister from 1917 to 1922.


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The Soviet Union also had an official head of state whose powers were lower than those of the Secretary-General of the NKP Central Committee.


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The President of the Executive Central Committee of the Congress of the Soviet Union, since 1938 the President of the Bureau of the Supreme Soviet was appointed Head of State.


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[21] The actual office of president was not introduced in the Soviet Union until May 1989, when the posts of Soviet leader and head of state were merged into a unified presidential post.


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From 1977 onwards Leonid Brežnev served as both General Secretary and Head of State of the Communist Party, as did after him Yuri Andropov and Konstantin Chernenko and, since 1988, Mikhail Gorbachev.


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Soviet leaders 1917—1922 — Vladimir Ilyich Lenin 1922—1953 — Josif Stalin 1953—1955 — Georgi Malenkov 1955—1964 — Nikita Khrushchev 1964—1982 — Leonid Brezhnev 1982—1984 — Yuri Andropov 1984—1985 — Konstantin Chernenko 1985—1991 — Mikhail Gorbachev of the Soviet Union heads of state 1917 — Lev Kamenev 1917—1919 — Yakov Sverdlov 1919—1946 — Mikhail Kalinin 1946—1953 — Nikolai Švernik 1953—1960 — Kliment Vorošilov 1960—1964 — Leonid Brezhnev 1964—1965 — Anastas Mikojan 1965—1977 — Nikolai Podgornyi 1977—1982 — Leonid Brezhnev 1985—1977 2—1983 — Vasily Kuznetsov 1983—1984 — Yuri Andropov 1984 — Vasily Kuznetsov 1984—1985 — Konstantin Chernenko 1985 — Vasily Kuznetsov 1985—1988 — Andrei Gromyko 1988—1991 — Mikhail Gorbachev Government and People's Representative Council of the Soviet Government headed by the Council of Ministers chairman, who was elected by an internal party vote.


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Over the course of Soviet history, prime ministers changed frequently and did not have significant political power.


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According to the constitution, it was up to the Council of Ministers and its chairman to implement the decisions of the party.


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[22] In practice, the Parliament of the Soviet Union consisted of representatives and supporters of the only party, the Communist Party.


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[23] Parliament was divided into different councils of ministers, each with its own domains and functions.


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Key parliamentary influencers were senior figures in the party, such as the General Secretary of the Central Committee (which held supreme power), the President of the Council of Ministers (the “Prime Minister”), and the President of the Bureau of the Supreme Soviet.


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Parliament met in the Moscow Kremlin.


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[24] The Supreme Soviet was the supreme governing body of the Soviet Union over which the Central Committee of the Communist Party had key influence.


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It was bicameral, with both chambers (the Federation Council and the Council of Nationalities) having equal power.


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In 1989, each chamber had 750 members and each had a term of four years.


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The Presidium handled the day-to-day functions of the Supreme Council when it was not convened.


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[25] In practice, until perestroika, the Supreme Council was subordinate to the Politburo and had no real power.


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As the Soviet Union began to disintegrate, the Supreme Council considered the Republics' declarations of sovereignty in a decision it adopted in October 1990 to be illegal.


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On 26 December 1991, the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union was


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Each Soviet republic had its own local government, which decided local matters.


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In local government, the top administrative bodies were the Regional Court and the Executive Council.


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There was also a People's Court with a three-year term in the administration.


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The local government district also included the Workers' and Peasants' Council.


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The People's Court and the Workers' and Peasants' Council were elected by the voters.


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The Workers' and Peasants' Council was empowered to elect members of the Territorial Court and Executive Council.


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[26] Multiple lists of candidates were not allowed, but in a secret election there was an option to vote against a candidate as well, and therefore the selection of a suitable candidate had to be carried out carefully.


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In the 1960s, for example, 55% of the members of district councils were members of the Communist Party.


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[27] [28] High turnout rates in local government elections, often over 99%, raised suspicion of the integrity of the elections.


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Foreign Policy Main articles: Warsaw Pact and SEV After World War II, Soviet foreign policy sought to ensure internal security, especially by maintaining a system of interests in Eastern Europe, and increasing influence in developing countries.


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The Soviet Union also sought peaceful coexistence with Western countries.


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It maintained diplomatic relations with most of the world's states and was a permanent member of the UN Security Council.


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The founding members of the UN were also Belarus and Ukraine, although these did not have a de facto foreign policy of their own.


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[29] The Soviet Union established the anti-NATO Warsaw Pact in 1955, joined by all Eastern Bloc countries except Yugoslavia.


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Members of the military alliance undertook to defend each other if necessary, should one or more Member States come under attack.


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The Warsaw Pact was largely led from Moscow and supported by Soviet troops stationed in Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and the German Democratic Republic.


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[30] From 1949 to 1991, the Soviet Union was a member of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance.


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The SEV was an economic community of socialist states and a competitor to the European Economic Community.


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Initially, the SEV was essentially a Soviet counterbet to Marshall aid, but it later acquired contrasting features.


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The developed industrialized countries of eastern central Europe, before the rest of Czechoslovakia and the German Democratic Republic, played the role of net contributor economically.


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The SEV was particularly important for Cuba, which managed to make up for decades for the lack of Western markets resulting from the American economic blockade.


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[31] The SEV organization sought to achieve all decisions by consensus.


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Members did not have a separate veto; in the event of disagreement, they could opt out of projects they did not want to participate in.


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Decisions so made satisfied everyone, but not everyone committed to them.


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This was one of the main weaknesses of SEV, along with the markedly different industrial development rates of the Member States.


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Indeed, the SEV was generally regarded as a weak economic union in the West, and its functioning was not at the level of the European Economic Community.


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[32] In the 1980s, full members of SEV were East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Cuba, the Soviet Union, Vietnam, Mongolia and Romania.


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[33] The Federation was dissolved in 1991 following the abandonment of a socialist planned economy by the end of the Cold War.


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Internal Security for the Internal Security of the USSR was a commission subordinate to the Ministry of the Interior NKVD, heir to the notorious Volunteer Troop-leaning Czech Republic (ВЧК), which was disbanded in 1922.


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Beginning in 1954 operated from the ministry at least ostensibly independent of the KGB.


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The KGB was the State Security Police of the Soviet Union from 1954 to 1991.


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Its job was to handle external security and intelligence, except military intelligence, which belonged to the GRU.


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The KGB's domain was roughly equivalent to the US CIA and the FBI's counterintelligence division, but the KGB also included, for example, the Soviet Border Guard.


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With the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the FSB was established in Russia as the successor to the Soviet KGB.


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In Belarus, the security police still operate under the KGB name.


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[34] Fatalities According to the calculations of political scientist Radolph Rummel, a total of 62 million people died during the establishment of the Soviet Union and its predecessor Soviet Russia and during the period of power from 1917 to 1991.


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Rummel calculated that to include about 39.5 million deaths in concentration camps, about 8.3 million killed in acts of terrorism, about 7.8 million killed in forced famines, and about 4.3 million killed in rides (engl.


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deportation) dead.


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In the post-World War II period, only about 15.6 million of the deaths are scheduled, and only about 6.9 million of the deaths in the post-Stalin period.


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The figures do not include those killed in World War II battles.


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[35] According to history professor Norman Naimark, Stalin executed nearly a million Soviet citizens.


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[36] Civil War (1917) total


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3,284,000 terror 750,000 concentration camps 34,000 forced famine 2,500,000 New Economic Policy (1923) total.


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2,200,000 Collectivization (1929) in total.


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11,440,000 terror 1,733,000 ride deaths 1,400,000 concentration camps 3,306,000 forced famine 5,000,000 Great Terror (1936) total.


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4,345,000 terror 1,000,000 ride deaths 65,000 concentration camps 3,280,000 Before World War II (1939) total.


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5,104,000 terror 1,932,000 ride deaths 283,000 concentration camps 2,889,000 Second World War (1941) total.


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13,053,000 terror 1,257,000 ride deaths 1,036,000 concentration camps 10,761,000 After World War II (1946) total.


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15,613,000 terror 1,376,000 ride-hailing deaths 1,557,000 concentration camps 12,348,000 since Stalin (1954) total.


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6,872,000 terror 250,000 ride deaths 8000 concentration camps 6,613,000 [35] Geography The Soviet Union was the largest nation in the world by area, encompassing territories from both Europe and Asia.


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The western part of the Soviet Union belonged to Eastern Europe, but three-quarters of the area was located in Asia.


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In total, the Soviet Union included about one-sixth of the total area of the world, exactly 22400000 square kilometers.


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There were 11 time zones in the Soviet Union.


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The major residential areas were concentrated mainly in Europe, but also in Southwest Asia.


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Harvi settlement was in Siberia and other parts of the Northeast and Northern Soviet Union.


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[37] [38] The northernmost area of the Soviet Union was Chelyuskin Cape, with its northernmost point at 77° 45' N latitude.


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If the islands are included, the northernmost corner was the Fligell headland on Rudolf Island (81° 50' north latitude).


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The southernmost tip was found in the Turkmenian Soviet Socialist Republic, the village of Childuhter near Kushka.


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The easternmost point was on Ratmanov Island in the Bering Strait (169° 02' west longitude) and the westernmost in the Gulf of Gdańsk in the Baltic Sea (16° 08' east longitude).


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The northernmost and southernmost points had a distance of almost 5000 kilometers, and the easternmost and westernmost points had a distance of almost 10,000 km.


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[38] [39] The Soviet Union had a total of 12 border neighbours: Norway, Finland, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, the People's Republic of China, Mongolia and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.


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The length of the borders totaled more than 60000 kilometers.


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3/4 of the borders were common with the socialist states of the time.


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There were maritime boundaries on 13 seashore beaches belonging to the Northern Arctic Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, and Pacific Ocean.


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2/3 of the borders of the Soviet Union were maritime boundary.


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[38] [40] The highest point in the Soviet Union was Pik Kommunizma, located in the Pamir Mountains, with a height of 7495 m. The largest river in the Soviet Union was the Yenisei, which is the largest river descending into the Arctic Ocean in the North.


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Its length is 5539 km.


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On the European side, the largest river in the Soviet Union was the Volga, which is the longest and most abundant river in Europe.


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The length of the Volga is 3685 kilometers.


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Other notable rivers included the Ob, Lena, Ural and Amur.


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Today, Pik Kommunizma is called Ismail Samani, and is located in Tajikistan; the aforementioned rivers are mainly located on Russian territory.


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Elevation ratios in the Soviet Union ranged from mountainous to flat lowlands.


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The largest number of mountain ranges were in the northern and eastern parts of the Soviet Union, while the southern and western parts had more plains.


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Among the largest lakes in Soviet territory were Lake Aral, Lake Ladoga, Caspian Sea and Lake Baikal.


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[38] [40] Climate Soviet Union extended into three climatic zones: cold, temperate and subtropical zones.


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The coldest temperatures in winter were normally below −30°C and the warmest temperatures were above +30°C in summer.


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The lowest temperatures were measured in the northern parts of Siberia, where the cold record fell below as low as −70°C.


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The warmest areas were in Uzbekistan, where temperatures were above +50°C.


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[38] [41] The lowest temperature (−71.1 °C) was measured in 1964 in Oimjakon, Yikutia.


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The warmest value on the territory of the Soviet Union again was obtained on July 29, 1983 on the territory of Turkmenistan — +51.7 °C.


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Urbanization The Soviet Union was already remarkably extensive in terms of area and natural resources at its birth.


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The largest cities in Russia in the 19th century were St. Petersburg, Moscow, Warsaw and Kharkiv.


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[42] Later Warsaw became the capital of independent Poland, and Russian-speaking Kharkiv in Ukraine was overshadowed by the growing economic centre Kiev.


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Peter, transformed into Leningrad, retained its idiosyncrasies, but became industrialized, and a large number of civilisation moved abroad.


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Moscow became the capital of the Soviet Union.


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World War II shifted the focus of the economy towards the east anyway, where resources seemed inexhaustible.


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The peculiarity of the urban structure in the Soviet Union became, partly due to the abundant supply of energy, long distances and economic interdependence of regions far from each other.


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Many towns were even born without the surrounding rural settlement to secure an adequate food supply for the city.


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This kept the regions more strictly dependent on Central Command, but was even fatal when the Soviet Union fell apart when necessities suddenly had to be imported from abroad.


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[43] The largest cities at the end of the Soviet Union numbered a total of 23 million cities in 1989, about half of them on the territory of the Russian SFNT.


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The three largest cities were Moscow with 8.8 million, Leningrad with 4.4 million, and Kiev with 2.6 million inhabitants.


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Other millionaire cities included Alma-Ata, Baku, Dnepropetrovsk, Donetsk, Gorky, Kharkiv, Yerevan, Kazan, Kuibyshev, Minsk, Novosibirsk, Odessa, Omsk, Perm, Rostov, Sverdlovsk, Tashkent, Tbilisi, Chelyabinsk and Ufa.


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Notable cities with less than a million inhabitants included Chișinău, Kaliningrad, Murmansk, Riga, Tallinn, Vilnius, Vladivostok and Volgograd, among others.


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[44] [45] Enlargement The original Soviet Union encompassed the Soviet republics of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and Transcaucasia.


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Later, the autonomous Soviet republics of Kazahstan and Kyrgyz were detached from the Russian SFNT, which became republics of their own within the Soviet Union.


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In 1925, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan were peacefully joined the Soviet Union, from which in 1929 Tajikistan was separated.


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In 1936, Transcaucasia was divided between the republics of Armenia, Azerbaijan and Grosia.


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In 1940, the Karelian-Finnish SNT was established in East Karelia, to which some of the territories conquered from Finland in the Winter War were annexed.


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It was top its own republic, but was annexed in 1956 into the Russian SFNT and demoted to the Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic.


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[46] The Soviet Union expanded especially in the 1940s during the period of Stalin's rule.


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In 1940, the Baltic republics Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania were annexed to the Soviet Union.


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Around the same time, the Soviet Union occupied territories from Finland and Japan, the Kaliningrad Oblast from Germany, the territories of Moldavia and western Ukraine from Romania, and eastern Poland, among others.


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These territories were annexed by the Soviet Union after the end of World War II.


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The Tannu-Tuva People's Republic from Central Asia joined the Soviet Union on 11 October 1944.


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[47] [48] The borders of the Soviet Union remained the same until the 1990s, when the state began to disintegrate.


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Dissolution began in 1990, when parts of the Soviet republics became independent.


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During 1991, most of the Soviet republics seceded from the union and formed their own independent states.


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The rest of the Soviet republics became independent in December 1991, when the Soviet Union officially ceased to exist.


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The administrative division of the Soviet Union consisted of 15 different republics, namely Soviet republics.


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Each Soviet republic had its own communist party and internal governing bodies with the exception of the largest Soviet republic, Russia, which had no administration of its own.


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The center of state administration was located in Moscow, the capital of the Russian SFNT, which was also the capital of the entire state.


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Each Soviet republic had its own capital, where internal administration buildings were located.


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[49] The Soviet republics had partial right of self-government.


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According to the 1977 Constitution of the Soviet Union, Soviet republics had the right to secede from the Soviet Union, and the law applied in 1991 when the Soviet Union dissolved.


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Some of the Soviet republics had their own administrative division, consisting of autonomous Soviet republics.


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The most autonomous Soviet republics were in Russia.


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Autonomous Soviet republics did not gain independence when the Soviet Union dissolved.


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[26] Army The first Soviet state army was the Red Army of the Workers and Peasants, which was called the Red Army.


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The Red Army was founded on 23 February 1918 in the Russian Civil War as the Army of the Red Guards.


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After the Reds won the civil war in 1921, it became the Soviet Army.


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February 23 was an important national holiday in the Soviet Union, later also celebrated as Red Army Day.


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Lev Trotsky, who served as both the People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs in charge of the Minister of Foreign Affairs and the War People's Commissar in charge of the Minister of Defence from 1918 to 1924, is widely regarded as the founder of the Red Army.


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[50] When founded, the Red Army was based on volunteerism and was unfamiliar with military values or troop-section symbols.


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The officers were democratically elected.


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On 29 May 1918, however, men aged 18—40 were made conscripted.


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In order to carry out a major recruiting operation, regional military commissariats responsible for calling boards (военный комиссариат, военкомат; vojenkomat) were established.


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They served in this function and under this name right up to the dissolution of the Soviet Union.


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Military commissariats should not be confused with political commissars (politruks) of the military.


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[51] A political commissar was placed in each Red Army unit with the power to overturn decisions of unit commanders if they contradicted Communist Party principles.


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Although this inevitably rendered the command system ineffective, the party leadership found it important to control the officer corps, which, as the civil war progressed, included more and more officers from the former Imperial Army.


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[52] In the Russian Civil War of 1918—1920, the Red Army fought against white counter-revolutionary armies and Poland, and was also used to suppress internal rebellions.


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By the end of the war, nearly five million men were serving in the Red Army.


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Prior to the Great Patriotic War, the Red Army waged war against Japan and Finland, among others.


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Of these, the Winter War against Finland in particular attracted a lot of attention in the Western world.


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[53] When Germany invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941, the strength of the Red Army was estimated at 1.5 million men.


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It was weakened by political purges and was badly caught by the attack.


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During the first weeks of war, practically the entire Soviet air force was razed to the fields and hundreds of thousands of Soviet soldiers were motivated into huge mots.


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[54] At the time of the Great Patriotic War, 15—20 million officers and soldiers were recruited into the Red Army, of whom 7—10 million were killed.


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[55] Red Army soldiers who were captured by the Germans were often executed directly in the field or transported to prison camps in inhumane conditions.


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They were also killed in extermination camps as part of the Holocaust.


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The portion of prisoners released at the end of the war was not much better, as surrender was punishable either by execution or by years of forced labour in Siberia.


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In invading Germany, Red Army soldiers also committed countless war crimes: looting, extermination, and rape of German women.


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[56] After the war won and the fall of Berlin, renowned respect for the Red Army and its prestige rose considerably in Soviet society.


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The final step on the road from revolutionary arms corps to state permanent army was taken in 1946 when the “Invincible Red Army” was transformed into the armed forces of the Soviet Union.


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[57] After the war, troops were demobilized and the strength of the army was reduced to an estimated five million.


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Units of the Soviet Army, which had liberated Eastern European countries from German rule, remained ashore as occupying forces.


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It led to these countries becoming members of the socialist bloc and, in effect, satellite states of the Soviet Union.


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The largest number of Soviet army troops were deployed in the German Democratic Republic to counter the threat of NATO troops.


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[58] During the Cold War, the Soviet Union devoted a great deal of resources to develop nuclear weapons of its military, especially ballistic missiles and nuclear submarines.


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Conflicts were resolved only through so-called proxy wars, in which the United States and the Soviet Union supported governments or rebel movements as needed.


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[14] In 1979, however, the Soviet Army intervened directly in the civil war in Afghanistan.


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The goal of the Soviet Union was to support a secular regime friendly to it, threatened by Muslim guerrillas.


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The United States and Pakistan supported the guerrillas financially and with military equipment, including supplying them with American Stinger anti-aircraft missiles intended to fight the air supremacy of Soviet forces.


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Mikhail Gorbachev finally withdrew troops from the country in 1988.


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The Red Army was dissolved in 1991 at the dissolution of the Soviet Union and its assets were distributed among successor states.


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Most of the army, including the majority of the nuclear missile forces, were attached to the Army of the Russian Federation.


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Troops stationed in Eastern Europe were withdrawn between 1991 and 1994.


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Space program The Soviet space program was based on research carried out alone by Russian teacher Konstantin Tsiolkovsky from the beginning of the 20th century.


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He was the first to study the possibility of spaceflight mathematically.


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He did relatively little experimental research, but still developed methods such as rocket control, liquid propellants, and the principle of a multi-stage rocket.


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As early as 1921, the Soviet state began funding rocket research from the budget of the armed forces.


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Gird research groups developed rockets starting in the mid-1920s.


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In the 1930s, Sergei Korolyov rose to the head of rocket research, but he fell into captivity due to purges by the armed forces.


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During World War II, research in the field of rockets focused on ground force rockets and aircraft rocket propulsion.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

[59] Under Korolyov, the Soviet Union developed the first intercontinental missile in the 1950s that would have been able to carry a nuclear weapon to the United States.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

The R-7 missile was first launched on 21 August 1957.


Question: What does the Soviet Republic mean?

Soviet

Both the Soviet Union and the United States announced in 1955 that they planned to launch a satellite during the International Geophysical Year (1957—1958).