Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

Saliva consists mainly of water and mucus and facilitates swallowing.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

There are also growth factors in saliva that accelerate the renewal of cells of the gastrointestinal tract.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

If food is bitten for a while before swallowing, the carbohydrates in food begin to break down already under the influence of saliva.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

In this case, the amylase contained in saliva breaks down starch into maltose, bringing a sweet taste to the mouth.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

[4] Gastric After the mouth, nutrition quickly goes through the pharynx and esophagus into the stomach.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

The functions of the stomach include storing food, as well as digestion into thin gruel.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

Food that enters the stomach is not immediately transferred to the intestine; instead, food is delayed for a while in the stomach before being transported to the duodenum in appropriate doses.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

Thus, the intestine receives the appropriate amount of nutrition at a time.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

In the stomach, the food is kneaded to a fine grater, so that it is suitably solid for the intestine.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

Along with it, the gastric mucosa secretes highly acidic gastric juice, which is mixed with food.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

Gastric juice contains hydrochloric acid and protein-digesting pepsin, among other things.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

The acidity of gastric juice is important, as pepsin works only in an acidic environment.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

Due to the acidity of gastric juice, the stomach is protected by alkaline exudate secreted from surface cells.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

In the stomach, local hormones called prostaglandins are also produced.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

Prostaglandins contribute to the formation of mucus and reduce the secretion of hydrochloric acid, that is, they protect the mucous membrane from hydrochloric acid and pepsin.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

[5] Small intestine The small intestine is divided into three parts: the first is the duodenum, the second is the jejunum, and the third is the ileum.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

The liver and pancreas secrete their digestive fluid into the duodenum.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

The substances secreted by the pancreas include several digestive enzymes and an alkaline solution that neutralizes the acidic table melt that enters the stomach.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

The liver, on the other hand, processes all the nutrition absorbed through the digestive tract.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

It manufactures, stores and breaks down a large number of different substances.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

The small intestine itself secretes about a litre per day of intestinal fluid, which is only a small fraction of the approximately nine litres of fluids that travels through the small intestine per day.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

[6] In the small intestine, nutrition is broken down by many different enzymes.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

Carbohydrates are digested by amylase secreted by the pancreas and enzymes of the small intestine wall, the most famous of which are maltase, saccharase and lactase.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

Fats break down pancreatic lipase, proteins trypsin and peptides small intestine peptidases.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

[6] The wall of the small intestine is very permeable, which allows substances to pass through it easily.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

The inside of the small intestine is osmotically the samelight as other fluids in the body, due to which salts and water can move freely into the blood and back.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

Important for absorption is the large area of the small intestine, according to all projections, the area of the small intestine is about 200 square meters.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

The surface area is increased by a large corrugation of the small intestine and fluff inserts.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

Most of the digestive fluids are absorbed back precisely in the small intestine.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

The wall of the small intestine needs to regenerate quickly, because it also wears out quickly.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

[6] Colon To the large intestine go those fluids that are not absorbed by you from the small intestine.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

On average, the large intestine continues only one and a half liters of liquids.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

There are no fluff inserts in the large intestine, but these substitutes are rich in mucus secreting cells.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

Through the large intestine, water and various salts are absorbed mainly.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

There is a significant presence of symbiont bacteria in the large intestine.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

Bacteria also cleave otherwise undigested fibers from the gut, such as cellulose.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

The indigestible substance normally enters the large intestine only a little more than 100 grams per day, but for those with a large amount of cereal products, the reading can be as high as 900 grams.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

After eating, it takes about eight hours before almost all of the unabsorbed substance is in the colon.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

Unabsorbed matter from the large intestine proceeds into the rectum and comes out of there as feces.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

[7] Absorption of nutrients in a study using bomber calorimeter was found to be absorbed by healthy and mobile adults following a Western European diet on average 89.4%.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

Of the energy nutrients, fat was found to be absorbed by 92.5 per cent, 86.9 per cent of protein and 87.3 per cent of carbohydrates.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

The study compared energy and energy nutrients from ingested nutrition with energy and nutrient values observed in feces.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

[8] Carbohydrates Carbohydrates provide the body with the energy it needs.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

Their cleavage begins already in the mouth and continues always in the duodenum, empty and ileum.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

They are digested by e.g.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

amylases.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

Fats Fats are used for energy production as well as building cell membranes and steroids.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

Fats are broken down in the duodenum into glycerol and fatty acids.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

They are digested by e.g.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

lipases.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

Proteins Proteins are broken down into amino acids in the stomach, duodenum and ileum.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

Blood transports amino acids into building materials for the body's own proteins.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

They are digested by e.g.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

pepsin and trypsin enzymes.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

Vitamins Vitamins go to the maintenance of the functioning of several different enzymes.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

Minerals Minerals are needed for tissue construction and vital processes.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

Trace elements are those minerals that are needed very little.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

Water Water is a key element of the body.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

Among other things, it acts as a solvent and participates in numerous metabolic reactions.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

Fiber Fiber is obtained from vegetables and cereal products.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

Bacteria break down a bit of cellulose for human energy expenditure, but most of the fiber does not break down.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

Fiber, on the other hand, promotes bowel function.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

Digestion disorders There may also be disturbances in digestion.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

The most famous disorder associated with digestion is stomach ulcer.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

[5] It is usually caused by a bacterial infection, but smoking, salt and stress can also have an impact on the pathogenesis of stomach ulcers.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

[5] Other problems in the stomach include gastric closure and gastric cancer.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

The most common disease of the small intestine is duodenal ulcer, which is an ulcer on the mucous membrane of the duodenum.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

Various inflammatory diseases can also appear in the small intestine.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

Diseases associated with the large intestine include colon obstruction, cancer, polyps and dead bags, various inflammatory and infectious diseases, and megacolon, that is, an enlarged colon.


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

Oral diseases include inflammation associated with teeth, such as gingivitis [9] and, among others, oral cancer [10].


Question: How does fat attach to human organs?

Human digestion

Sources References On the topic Elsewhere in Category:Human Morphology


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Syllogism ('conclusion, conclusion') is a type of logical argument in which two or more sentences assumed to be true are derived by deductive reasoning to the conclusion logically following them.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

In its earliest form, defined by Aristotle, the syllogism had the starting point of a general theorem (main premise) and a narrower theorem (sub-premise) [1], from which a conclusion was drawn.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

For example, knowing that all humans are mortal (prime premise) and that Socrates is human (sub-premise), one can validly conclude that Socrates is mortal.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Syllogistic conclusions are customary to be presented in three sub-lines in the following manner; from the end of sentences are then often omitted points: All men are mortal Socrates is human So Socrates is mortal Early history In antiquity there were two competing theory of syllogisms: aristotle syllogistics and stoic syllogistics.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

[2] Aristotle defined syllogism as “... a conclusion in which some set claims follow something other than them because they are these.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

“[3] Despite this very general definition, Aristotle confines himself in his book First Analytics to categorical syllogisms, which consist of three categorical claims.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

[4] These include categorical modal syllogisms.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

[5] Since the Middle Ages, the terms categorical syllogism and syllogism were generally used in the same sense.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

This article deals with syllogisms only in this traditional sense.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Syllogisms formed the core of traditional deductive reasoning, in which facts are defined by combining pre-existing sentences, as opposed to inductive reasoning, where facts are defined through repeated observations.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

In academic contexts, syllogism was superseded by predicate logic of the first order, developed by Gottlob Frege especially in his book Begriffsschrift (1879), but syllogisms are still useful in some contexts and are still used even in generic introductions to logic.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

[6] [7] Aristotle's use of syllogisms as an aid to understanding can be considered to have originated from Aristotle's treatises on logic.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Before the middle of the 12th century, logicians of the Middle Ages were only familiar with some of Aristotle's works, among them the works Categories and Interpretation, which influenced to the greatest extent the old logic (“logica vetus”) prevailing at the time.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

The new logic (“logica nova”) originated when the work First Analytics, in which Aristotle presented his theory of syllogisms, was again discovered.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

When First Analytics was discovered again, logicians immediately began to regard it as “the closed and complete foundation of the field”, which left the thinkers of the era with little room for debate and reorganization.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Aristotle's theory of syllogisms of doctoral theses was considered particularly significant, and as the times passed, few changes were made to it.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

The theory was not associated with more general consequential logic until the mid-14th century, when, among the rest of the mass, Jean Buridan developed logic beyond that.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

However, the analytics of Aristotle to the First did not include a clear theory of modal syllogisms.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

A modal syllogism is an inference in which at least one of the two premises is accompanied by a modal attribute as possibly, necessarily, or certainly.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

In this regard, Aristotle's terminology was incomplete and quite ambiguous and partly inconsistent with what he had written in his book The Interpretation.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

What he wrote on this subject gave rise to extensive debate, which commentators have continued until modern times.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Aristotle's doctrine of modal syllogisms eventually began to be considered unsuitable for practice and has been replaced by entirely new theories.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Medieval scholars Boethius Boethius (circa 475—526) attempted to bring Aristotle's logic within reach of wider circles.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

He translated the First Analytics into Latin, but this translation remained virtually unknown until the 12th century.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Instead, his own works on categorical syllogisms played a key part in the broadening of the debate on the subject.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Boethius' importance in the field of logic is not so much based on his own studies but on the fact that he effectively conveyed earlier theories to later logicians, as well as on the fact that he very clearly and correctly presented Aristotle's results.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Peter Abelard Another early representative of medieval logic in the Latin West was Peter Abelard (1079—1142).


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

He explored the concept of syllogism and related theory in depth in his book Dialectica, in addition to addressing the subject in his other works such as Logica Ingredientibus.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Abelard divided modal sentences into de dicto and de re types, which made it possible for medieval logicians to develop a better theory for modal syllogisms than what Aristotle had arrived at.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Jean Buridan Jean Buridan (circa 1300—1361), considered by many to be the greatest logician of the late Middle Ages, authored two notable works: Tractatus de consequentiis and Summulae de Dialectica, in which he dealt with the concept of syllogism, its components, types, and ways in which its logical the possibility of use could be extended.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

After Buridan, almost nothing was added to the syllogistic logic for two hundred years.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Historians of logic have argued that in the centuries after the Middle Ages there were no changes in the field other than that original sources became accessible to a wider audience, subtleties of logic were increasingly valued and the field was generally increasingly poorly known, for which the 20th century beginnings logicians often chuckled.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

[8] Fundamental Structure A categorical syllogism has three parts: Main Premissi Subpremissi Conclusion Each part is a categorical review, and there are two general terms for each categorical review.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

[9] In Aristotle, each premise is of the form “All A's are B”, “Some A's are B”, “Nothing A is B”, or “Some A's are not B”, where “A” and “B” are some terms meaning things.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

The sentences “All A's are B” and “Nothing A is B” are referred to as “general” (universal) sentences, the sentences “Some A's are B” and “Some A's are not B” again as “bounded” (particular) sentences.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

[10] In newer logic, more variations of these occur.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

With each premise, one of the two terms is common with the conclusion: in the main premise, this is the main term (predicate of the conclusion, in the subpremise again the subterm (the subject of the conclusion.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

For example: Your main premise: All humans are mortal.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Sub-premise: All Greeks are human.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Conclusion: All Greeks are mortal.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

A total of three terms appear in these, each denoting some class, in this case humans, mortals and Greeks.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Mortals is the main term, the Greeks a subterm.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Both terms also have one common term, which is called an intermediate term, in this case human.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

In this example, both premises are common, that is, universal, as is the conclusion.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Polysyllogism, or sorite, is a type of argument in which a series of incomplete syllogisms are arranged so that the predicate of each premise is at the same time the subject of the next until the subject of the first premise is combined with the predicate of the last premise into a conclusion.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

For example, if someone claims that a certain number of grains of sand does not form a heap, and that one grain of sand added does not make it a heap, and if it is inferred from this that no number of sand grains forms a heap, then there is a soritic argument.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Types of syllogisms There are infinitely many possible syllogisms, but there are only 256 logically different types, and of those, only the 24 types listed below are valid.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Syllogism is of the form Main premise: All M's are P. Subpremissi: All S are M.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Conclusion: All S are P. (Note: M — midmember, S — subject, P — predicate, explained further below.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

The premises and conclusion of the syllogism are any of four types denoted by the letters A, E, I, and O. Irving Copi conjectured these to be derived from the Latin words “AffIrmo” and “n EgO, the former of which means “I admit”, the latter “I deny”; in either case the first of the word vowel has come to mean a common, second limited sentence.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

[11] The meanings of these letter symbols are indicated by the following table: notation quantum subjectcopulapredicate type exampleally:TOVATPGeneral affirmative phraseAll people are mortals.No (to whom) s:Did not have a generic forbidding clauseEven people are not perfect.Isome (Some) s:ToA Practiculated affirmative phraseSome people are Healthy.Some (some) s:did notLimited forbidding phraseSome people are not talented.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

In his analytics, Aristotle used not usually presented concrete examples but used as symbols of the terms usually the Greek letters alpha, beta and gamma, which in translations have been replaced by the corresponding Latin letters A, B and C.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

This use of letters as placeholders was a new invention under Aristotle.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

It has become customary to use letters between these lowercase letters a, e, i and o to indicate relationships between concepts as follows: The letter S often denotes the subject of the conclusion and P its predicate, while the intermediate term is denoted by the letter M.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

In this case, the main premise combines the terms M and P, the subpremise terms M and S. However, the intermediate term may exist in either premise in which it occurs, as well as subject as predicate.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Based on the position in which the main, sub-term, and intermediate term occur, syllogisms can also be grouped into four categories, which are called glyphs.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

If the terms in the conclusion are always S and P, the four patterns are as follows: Figure 1Figure 2Figure 3Figure 4Main Premissi:m—pp—mm—pp—Malipremissi:s—ms—mm—Sm—S Aristotle the original representation was not included in the fourth pattern, but was later added by Theophrastus. [1].


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Even later, for example, Peter Abelard and Jean Buridan did not consider it a distinguishable pattern from the first.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Overall, there are 256 possible types of syllogism (or 512 if the main and sub-premise are interchanged, which, however, is irrelevant to logic).


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Either premise and conclusion can be of type A, E, I, or O, and a syllogism can conform to any of the four patterns.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

The syllogism can be briefly described by letters corresponding to the premises and conclusions, as well as the figure number.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

For example, the Barbara syllogism described below is AAA-1, meaning “A-A-A in the first figure”.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

However, most of this 256 possible syllogisms are incompetent, meaning the conclusion is not a logical consequence of the premises.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Only 24 syllogisms are valid.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Of these, too, a few are valid only if the premises are considered to have existential meaning, that is, if, for example, the phrase “all A's are B” is considered to include that there is at least one A, or if this is separately assumed (more precisely below in sections “Existential meaning”).


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Otherwise, they can lead to existential error inference.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Among the valid forms of syllogisms, names given by the scholastics of the Middle Ages are used.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

They were initially developed as mnemonic rules so that the vowels A, E, I, and O present in them correspond to the general affirmative or negating or constrained affirmative or negating form of the premise and conclusion as above.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

For example, the syllogism AAA has the name “Barbara”, the type EAE name “Celarent”, and so on.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

The following table lists the forms of valid syllogisms.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Types of syllogism that only apply if existential meaning is assumed for the premises are italicized.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Of these italic models, other than four (felapton, darapti, fesapo and bamalip) are attenuated forms, that is, a stronger conclusion can be drawn from the same premises.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Figure 1Figure 2Figure 3Figure 4Barba r aCesar EdatisiCalem escelare nTCame stresdisamisdim atisdarIifestin Oferisonfresis onFerioBarocOb ocardoCalemosB arbarIcesa r O elaptonFesapoC elaronTCamestro SDanraptiBamali pExamples The following table lists the different types of valid syllogisms with examples.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Some of these, too, are consistent with each other, in that their preferences express the same thing in different ways.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

So, for example, the phrase “Some pets are kittens” (SiM in the Darii syllogism AII-1) actually implies the same as “Some cat boys are pets” (in the MiS Datisi syllogism AII-3).


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

With each premise and conclusion, there is a brief description of the sentence.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

For example, in syllogism AAI-3 the premise “All squares are rectangles” is of the form “mAp”; symbols mean that the first term (“square”) is an intermediate term, the second term (“rectangle”) the predicate of the conclusion, and the relationship between these is denoted by the letter “a” (all M's are P).


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

In the table, various syllogisms are also illustrated using Venn diagrams.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

They have black-marked areas where, depending on the premise or conclusion, do not exist, red areas which specifically claim to include something.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Of the areas marked with white, these phrases say nothing.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

The circles on the upper left and top right intersecting each other mean the premise, the ones at the bottom the conclusion.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

For syllogisms to which the possibility of existential error inference relates, a red circle is additionally marked to indicate that the intended objects are assumed to exist.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Barbara (AAA-1) All humans are mortal.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(MaP) All Greeks are human.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(SaM) ∴] All Greeks are mortal.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(SaP) Celarent (EAE-1) Consistent: Cesare (EAE-2) No reptile has fur.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(MeP) All snakes are reptiles.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(SaM) ∴ No snake has fur.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(SeP) Calemes (AEE-4) [[File:Modus Calemes.svg|thumb|right|150px| M:reptile S:Furp:snake]] Calemes are like Celarent, but S and P have been interchanged.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Consistent: Camestres (AEE-2) All snakes are reptiles.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(PaM) All snakes are reptiles.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(MeS) ∴ No animal with fur is a snake.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(SeP) Darii (AII-1) Consistent: Datisi (AII-3) All rabbits have fur.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(MaP) Some pets are rabbits.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(SiM) ∴ Some pets have fur.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(SiP) Dimatis (IAI-4) [[File:Modus dimatis.svg|thumb|right|150px| M:rabbit S:Turkip:pet]] Dimatis is like Darii, but S and P have been swapped.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Similar: Disamis (IAI-3) Some pets are rabbits.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(PiM) All rabbits have fur.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(mAs) ∴ Some animals with fur are pets.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(SiP) Ferio (EIO-1) Similar: Festino (EIO-2), Ferison (EIO-3), Fresison (EIO-4) No home work is amusement.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(MeP) Reading something is housework.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(SiM) ∴ Reading something is not for fun.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(SoP) Baroco (AOO-2) Anything that provides information is useful.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(PaM) Some web pages are not useful.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(SoM) ∴ Some websites do not provide information.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(SoP) Bocardo (OAO-3) Some cats do not have a tail.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(MoP) All cats are mammals.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(mAs) ∴ Some mammals do not have a tail.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(SoP) Barbari (AAI-1) All humans are mortal.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(MaP) All people are Greek.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(SaM) ∴ Some mortals are Greek.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(SiP) Bamalip (AAI-4) [[File:Modus Bamalip.svg|thumb|right|150px| M:Man S:MortalP:Greek]] Bamalip is like Barbari, but S and P are interchanged: All Greeks are human.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(PaM) All human beings are mortal.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(MAs) ∴ Some mortals are Greek.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(SiP) Celaront (EAO-1) Similar: Cesaro (EAO-2) No reptiles have fur.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(MeP) All snakes are reptiles.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(SaM) ∴ Some snakes do not have fur.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(SoP) Camestros (AEO-2) Similar: Calemos (AEO-4) All horses have hooves.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(PaM) No humans have hooves.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(SeM) ∴ Some people are not horses.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(SoP) Felapton (EAO-3) Similar: Fesapo (EAO-4) No flowers are animals.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(MeP) All flowers are plants.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(mAs) ∴ Some plants are not animals.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(SoP) Darapti (AAI-3) All squares are rectangles.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(mAp) All squares are oriented.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(mAs) ∴ Some directions are rectangles.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(SiP) Table of Syllogisms This table shows all 24 valid syllogisms described by Venn diagrams.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Similar syllogisms are placed in the same column and are combined according to compound columns of premises.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Borders you correspond to conclusions.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Those that require existential assumption are surrounded by dotted lines.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

General and specific terms, categorical syllogisms like Aristotle can be distinguished between specific terms such as Socrates and general terms like the Greeks.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Grammatically, the preceding ones are usually erect names.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Aristotle further distinguished between (a) terms that can only occur as subjects, and (b) terms that may occur as a predicate related to the rest of the subject copula is mediated.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

[12] Such a predicate is called a distributive distinction from the non-distributive as the Greeks are abundant.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

It is clear that Aristotle's syllogisms require predicates to be distributive, since, for example, the following conclusion is not valid: All Greeks are human, human beings are abundant, therefore all Greeks are abundant.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

According to Aristotle, specific terms are type (a) and general terms of type (b).


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Therefore, the word “man” may exist as a predicate of the name “Socrates” (“Socrates is man”), but “Socrates” cannot exist as the predicate of anything.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Therefore, terms are interchangeable only if they are generic, so-called categorical terms.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Therefore, sentences appearing in syllogisms should be categorical sentences where both terms are yeis, and syllogisms containing only categorical terms began to be called categorical syllogisms.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

However, it is evident that nothing prevents a specific term, hence an erect name, from appearing in a syllogism, as long as it is always in the position of the subject.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

However, such a syllogism is not categorical, even if you are valid.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

As an example, “Socrates is man, all men are mortal, therefore Socrates is mortal.”


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Intuitively, this is as obviously valid as “All Greeks are human, all men are mortal, therefore all Greeks are mortal.”


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Aristotle therefore conceived sentences of the form “Socrates is man” as special cases of the form “all A's are B” (AaB), in which case the above syllogism would fall into the Barbara type.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

However, later scholars such as Bertrand Russell have considered these to be substantially different, arguing that identifying with them over the course of time has caused much confusion in philosophy, although this syllogism in itself is valid.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

[13] For modern mass-doctrine, the essential difference between these sentences is that Socrates is the embryo of the set of all men, the set of all Greeks again a subset of the same set.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Existential Meaning The question of the existential meaning of sentences concerns whether sentences can be considered to require that items mentioned in them exist.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

In standard parlance, for example, a sentence of the form “All A's are B” is generally considered to require that items A exist.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

[13] If a sentence accordingly is deemed to be false, if the term has no instance, it is said to have an existential meaning with respect to that term.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

However, it is not unequivocally clear whether sentences in which the word “all” appear always include such a meaning.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

In other words, one can ask whether the phrase “All A's are B” is true, false, or even meaningful if there are no items A.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Related to the following questions: (a) Do the sentences “All A's are B”, “No A's are B”, “Some A's are B”, or “Some A's are not B” in natural language have existential meaning, and if so in terms of what terms?


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(b) Which of the four forms of categorical theorem (AaB, AeB, AiB, and AoB) used in syllogisms has existential meaning, and in terms of which terms?


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(c) What existential meanings do the forms AaB, AeB, AiB, and AoB need to be thought to have in order for the square of opposites to be valid?


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(d) What existential meanings do the forms AaB, AeB, AiB and AoB need to be thought to have in order for the previously presented forms of syllogisms usually considered valid?


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

(e) Are the existential meanings required by paragraph (d) such that categorical phrases of AaB, AeB, AiB and AoB have the same meaning of “All A's are B”, “No A's are B”, “Some A's are B”, “Some A's are B” and “Some A's are not B” is in standard parlance?


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

For example, assuming that AiB is false if no A exists, and that AaB cannot be true unless AiB is also (that is, AaB requires the phrase AiB), then the phrase AiB has existential significance for A, and so does Aab.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Furthermore, if it is accepted that the forms AiB and BiA coincide, the theorems AiB and AaB have existential significance also with respect to B.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

If, on the other hand, AoB is also false unless there is any A, and if, in addition, AeB requires the phrases AoB and BeA which in turn requires the phrase BoA), the sentences AeB and AoB both have existential significance for both A and B.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

It immediately follows that all general categorical sentences must assume existential meaning in terms of both terms.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

If AaB and AeB present the usual language phrases “All A's are B” and “No A's are B”, however, then paradoxical conclusions follow from the above: The phrase “All flying horses are mythological” is false if there are no flying horses.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

If the phrase “No people are fire-eating rabbits” is true, then the phrase “There are fire-eating rabbits” is true, and so on.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

If it is agreed that general sentences have no existential meaning, then the square of opposites does not apply in certain cases (for example, AaB does not require that AiB is also true), and the few syllogisms above do not apply (for example, Barbari, BaC, AAB->AIC).


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

These problems and paradoxes come against both by phrases in natural language and phrases presented in the form of syllogism, unless it is not clear whether the word “all” requires that the objects intended by it exist.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

For example, if someone claims that all the books he wrote have received a Pulitzer Prize, does the claim include that he has written books?


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Unless, is the sentence true?


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

If, on the other hand, someone says that none of his friends are poor, is the phrase true if he doesn't have any friends?


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

In first-order predicate calculi, such ambivalences are avoided by agreeing that general sentences have no existential meaning.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

The existence of objects must be explicitly stated separately.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Thus, the phrases “All A's are B”, “No A's are B”, “No A's are B”, per se, contain no assumption that there are any A.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

In modern mathematical logic, sentences involving the word “all”, “some”, or “nothing” can be represented in mass-doctrine terms.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

If the set of all A's is denoted by s (A) and equivalently the set of all B's by s (B), then: “All A's are B” (AaB) implies the same as: “s (A) is a subset of s (B)”, i.e., s (A) s (B) “Nothing A is B” (AeB) implies the same as: “S (A) and B) the cut is an empty set, i.e. s (A) s (B) = ∅ {\ displaystyle s (A)\ cap s (B) =\ emptyset} “Some A's are B” (AiB) implies the same as: “The intersection of troops s (A) and s (B) is not an empty set”, that is, s (A) s (B) ≠ ∅ {\ displaystyle s (A)\ cap s (B)\ neq\ emptyset} “Some A's are not B” (AoB) implies the same as “s (A) is not a subset of s (B)”.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Furthermore, one defines that an empty set is a subset of every set.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

This is why current mathematical logic considers the sentences of the form “All A's are B” and “Nothing A is B” to always be true, of the form “Some A's are B” and “Some A's are not B” instead always intrue if there are no items A.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

However, it follows that AaB (all A's are B) can be true, even if the theorem AiB (some A's are B) is false, and the few syllogisms above do not apply if there are no A.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

In fact, however, it is possible to define the forms AaB, AeB, AiB, and AoB in different ways so that any of them either has existential significance with respect to A, B, both, or neither.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

In this case, it is also possible to ascertain whether these definitions can be chosen so that the square of the opposites and the validity of syllogisms considered valid from their old age is maintained.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Galen Strawson has argued that meanings really can be defined this way, but the result is such that the above question (e) must be answered in the negative.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Syllogism in the history of logic, Aristotle's syllogism doctrine dominated Western philosophical thought for many centuries.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

However, in the 17th century, Francis Bacon rejected syllogism as the best means of making inferences about nature.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

[14] Instead, he favored a more inductive, experimental approach to making observations, which entailed experimental research on which more general conclusions could be drawn.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

[14] In the 19th century, variations of syllogisms developed in which disjunctive (“A or B”) and conditional sentences (“if A so B”) also appeared.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

In his book Logic (1800), Kant argued that logic was the only science developed until the end, and that Aristotle's logic already contained everything that could be known in the field of logic at all.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

However, even Kant's own philosophy, expressed in his other works, can with good reason be regarded as significant new results for logician.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

While in other parts of the world logic had been developed independently, for example Avicenna and Indian logic, Kant's conception was largely predominant in the Western world until 1879, when Frege published his work Begriffsschrift.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

In it he published a new menelma, a clause calkyl by which both categorical and other kinds of theorems found in syllogisms could be represented by means of quantizers and variables.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

This prompted the development of expression logic and first-order predicate logic.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

The syllogistic method, which had already been in use for 2000 years, lost its central importance and became generally considered obsolete.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Today, Aristotle's system is mainly treated in teaching only as an introduction, as well as in science-historical contexts.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Notable exceptions, however, are the Catholic Congregation of the Doctrine of the Faith, whose officials still apply Aristotle's logic, and the Apostolic Court of the Rota Romana, which still requires lawyers to present their arguments in a syllogistic form.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Boole and Aristotle's Logic John Corcoran, who studied the history of logic, stressed in his preface to the new edition of George Boole's work Laws Thought that Boole without hesitation with Aristotle's logic [15] Corcoran also compared Aristotle's First Analytics and Boolean from the work Laws of Thouht.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Corcoran also wrote a point-by-point comparison of Prior Analytics and Laws of Thought.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

[16] According to Corcoran, Boole fully accepted and supported Aristotle's logic.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Boolean purpose was to “proceed deeper, higher, and beyond” than the mathematical basis using equations formed upon it by Aristotle's logic, extending the class of problems—solving equations was added to the means by which the validity of the conclusions could be worked out, and extend its scope of application from sentences comprising only two terms to sentences in which there could be any number of them.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

In particular, Boole accepted what Aristotle had written.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

His “disagreement”, insofar as there was one, concerned what Aristotle had said nothing about.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Firstly, in terms of basics, Boole combined Aristotle's four sentence forms into one single, a form of equations, which in itself was a revolutionary idea.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Second, for logical problemas, the fact that Boole linked the solution of equations with logic led to the conclusion that Aristotle's rules of reasoning had to be supplemented by solving equations.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Third, in terms of applications, the Boolean system could handle multi-term sentences and arguments, whereas Aristotle could only handle those formed by two terms.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Third, in terms of applications, the Boolean system could handle multi-term sentences and arguments, whereas Aristotle could only handle subject-predicate sentences formed by two terms.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

for example, in Aristotle's system, the sentence “No rectangle that is not a square is not a quadrilateral without being directional” could not have been derived from the sentences “no square that is a rectangle is a rectangle that is a rectangle” or “No rectangle that is a rectangle is not a square that is rectangle.”


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Syllogistic error inferences A certain type of error is often made in syllogistic reasoning.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

[17] For example, from the premises “Some A's are B” and “Some B's are C”, it is often erroneously inferred that some A's are C.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

[18] [19] However, such a type of syllogism (III-1) is not valid, and the conclusion does not follow from the premise.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

For example, while some cats (A) are black (B) and some black animals (B) are ravens (C), it does not follow that some cats (A) are ravens (C).


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

This is caused by the fact that neither of the premises apply to all objects referred to by the intermediate term, and this is referred to as the “error conclusion of the ungeneralized intermediate term”.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

In order to determine which syllogisms are valid, it is necessary to examine from each of the premisses whether they apply to all the items referred to in the terms mentioned therein.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Of the simple syllogistic forms, many are incompetent.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

They can lead to the following error conclusions: Limited intermediate term: neither premise applies to all points referred to by the intermediate term, and therefore this term does not combine the main and sub-premise terms.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Unauthorized treatment of the term master premise: The conclusion applies to all objects referred to by the terminal term (P— means that the sentence is negative); however, the main premise does not apply to all of them (i.e., P is either a positive predicate or a limited subject) processing: as above, but aligned to the subpremise and its term (S— means that the term is generic) In this case, S is either the bounded subject or the predicate of the affirmative sentence.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Exclusive Premises: Both premises are negative, in which case no connection is established between the main and the sub-term.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Positive conclusion from negative premission: If at least either premise is negative, only a negative conclusion is possible.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Negative Conclusion on Positive Premises: If both premises are positive, only a positive conclusion is possible.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Existential error inference, more controversial.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

If both premises are common, that is, of the form “all” or “nothing”, according to one school, it does not follow that the items referred to by the terms exist.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Then one cannot draw an existential conclusion, that is, beginning with the word “some”.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

According to the second school, affirmative phrases, common and limited, require the items referred to therein to be, negative ones instead do not.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

See also Aristotle logic Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title= Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy| number = Syllogism| publisher = Oxford University Press| year = 1995| id = ISBN 0-19-283134-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Alexander Broadie| title = Introduction to Medieval Logic| publisher = Oxford University Press| year = 1993| id = ISBN 0-19-824026-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = George Englebretsen| title = The New Syllogistic| location = Bern| publisher = Peter Lang| year = 1987}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Charles L. Hamblin| title = Fallacies| location = London| publisher = Methuen| year = 1970| id = ISBN 0-416-70070-5}} Citation error, replace {{cite book| author = Jan Lukasiewicz| title = Aristotle's Syllogistic from the Standpoint of Modern Logic| location = New York| publisher = Garland Publishers| year = 1987 (1957) | id = ISBN 0-8240-6924-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Marko Malink| title= Aristotle's Modal Syllogistic| publisher = Harvard University Press| year = 2013}} Citation error, replace with {cite book| k| author = Günter Patzig| title= Aristotle's theory of the syllogism: a logico-philological study of Book A of the Prior Analytics| location = Dordrecht| publisher = Reidel| year= 1968}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Paul Thom| title = The Syllogism| location = Munich | publisher = Philosophia| year = 1981| id = ISBN 3-88405-002-8}} References On the topic elsewhere an annotated bibliography is Aristotle's syllogistic short table on forms of syllogism.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Web.-based syllogistic machine to study error inferences, patterns and types of syllogism.


Question: How many industry classes does logic have?

Syllogism

Category:Logic


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

A nuclear weapon is a bomb that derives explosive power from nuclear fission or nuclear fusion.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

One nuclear weapon can destroy or severely render incapacitated an entire city.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

Most of the destructive power of a nuclear weapon comes from pressure and heat effect.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

In addition to these, nuclear weapons have a significant, although generally less destructive power than those mentioned above.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

Radiation can cause diseases in the exposed population, such as radiation sickness or cancer, or radioactive deposition can make the use and passage of an area impossible for a fixed period of time.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

Today, nuclear weapons are known to be deployed by the United States, Russia, Great Britain, France, China, India, North Korea and Pakistan.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

These countries have declared nuclear weapons states.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

In addition, some countries may own nuclear weapons but have not publicly acknowledged them or the claims have not been able to verify.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

Israel, for example, is estimated to have a significant number of nuclear weapons.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

South Africa has voluntarily given up its nuclear weapons.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

North Korea conducted a successful nuclear test in 2013, which was condemned by the rest of the world.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

Nuclear weapons have been detonated more than two thousand times.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

Of these, two detonations occurred in World War II, the rest having been carried out in nuclear tests.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

[1] The United States bombed the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in World War II.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

The largest nuclear weapon ever detonated is the Tsar-Bomba detonated by the Soviet Union in 1961 on Novaya Zemlja.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

The danger of nuclear weapons is the risk of a nuclear weapons accident related to manufacturing, storage and transportation.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

In addition to military use, nuclear explosives have also been or shown for use in various peaceful applications.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

[2] History of Nuclear Weapons The principle of the atomic bomb was put forward in 1934 by physicist Leó Szilárd.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

Nuclear weapons were developed in practice during World War II.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

The United States began the Manhattan Project in 1939, resulting in the detonation of atomic bombs in Japan at Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

Fission bombs Atomic bombs derive their explosive power from fission, in which heavy nuclei (uranium or plutonium) decay into lighter atomic nuclei when bombarded with neutrons.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

As neutrons created in the fissure of the nuclei split yet another new nuclei, an explosive chain reaction is created, with immense amounts of energy being released.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

Sometimes an atomic bomb means precisely a fission bomb, other times any nuclear weapon.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

This somewhat messes up the concepts.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

Physical Basics of Fission Bomb An atomic bomb is based on a nuclear reaction.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

Changes occur in atomic nuclei if they are bombarded by particles with appropriate energy, usually neutrons.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

In some cases this free neutron is absorbed by the atom and becomes unstable itself.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

That's when the atom splits and emits radiation and new free neutrons, which in turn break more nuclei.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

The heaviest atomic nuclei crack most easily because they are inherently unstable.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

The actual explosion is because mostly due to a huge pulse of X-ray beams, the surrounding air heats up rapidly, so it expands exponentially and emits a shock wave.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

The explosion of an atomic bomb is detected as a flash, followed by the sight of a fireball and eventually the genesis of a mushroom cloud.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

The fireball temperature of the atomic bomb is more than ten million degrees.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

Not all substances are fissioned, that is, when bombarded with neutrons, but only the heaviest substances.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

As lighter substances intercept neutrons, among other things, new elements emerge.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

There are a few fission-bombable substances: uranium (U) occurs in nature, and plutonium (Pu) can be produced in a nuclear reactor.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

There are other similar substances, but they are not known to have been used in nuclear weapons.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

Isotopes Isotopes are subspecies of different masses of elements that differ from each other based on the number of neutrons in the nucleus.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

Uranium has several isotopes, only certain of which are suitable as nuclear fuel or bomb material.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

From natural uranium, you have to enrich the uranium that is suitable for a nuclear bomb.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

The uranium atom has 92 protons and the plutonium has 94.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

Natural uranium contains mainly two isotopes, uranium-238 and uranium-235.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

Fissile uranium-235 (235U) is rare in natural uranium: there is only about 0.7% of it.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

Also, 238U cracks, but only with fast neutrons that cannot be produced than, say, in a fusion reaction, and it again requires an atomic bomb to ignite.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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Neutrons in nature are low-energy, as are neutrons released by uranium fission.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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For uranium to be fit for an atomic bomb, it must be enriched to contain fissile 235U at least about 93.5%.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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Uranium enriched above 80 percent is said to be strongly enriched uranium.


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For a chain reaction to be possible in some piece of uranium, it must contain a sufficient amount of fissile uranium-235.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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This quantity is called a critical mass.


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This because the neutrons resulting from the first crack did not harden from the uranium chunk without continuing the chain reaction.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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However, if all the neutrons created in the first fissure coincidentally escape out of the uranium, some neutron will sometimes come along to trigger a chain reaction.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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Critical mass For pure 235U, the critical mass is about 52kg.


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This is equivalent to a 17cm diameter ball.


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For 93.5 per cent weapons-grade uranium, the critical mass is 56kg.


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If uranium is shrunk by explosives to dense, the critical mass is reduced to 8kg.


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The equivalent mass with plutonium is about 4kg.


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The Hiroshima bomb used 80 per cent enriched uranium with a critical mass of 60kg.


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With plutonium-239, the critical mass is only about 11kg.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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Plutonium-239 (239Pu) with a purity of more than 90% is recommended for weapons-grade plutonium.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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13—35kg of plutonium oxide can make a rudimentary nuclear weapon with low explosive power and difficult to predict, up to 0.1 to 1.0kt.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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The critical mass of plutonium varies depending on its isotopic composition.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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With so-called reactor-grade plutonium, it is probably between 13 and 18kg, and with pure 239PU it is between 10 and 11kg.


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If the plutonium body is surrounded by a 15cm thick layer of natural uranium, the critical mass is reduced to just over 4kg.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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Using modern compression techniques, a bomb requires only 2—4kg of weapons-grade plutonium and only about 5kg of reactor-class plutonium.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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Critical mass is increased by random pollutants and “false” isotopes in fissile material, as well as neutron-absorbing substances.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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If the 235U piece is surrounded by a sufficiently thick neutron reflector composed of beryllium, the critical mass is reduced to 15kg.


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The fissionable substance is usually driven by a conventional explosion in an atomic bomb.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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Regarding the size of a nuclear bomb and its limitations, you can't build a fission bomb to be unlimited because large bombs require more fissionable matter than “normal” atomic bombs.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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As the amount of fissionable matter increases, it becomes increasingly difficult to prevent premature fission bomb detonation.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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If the fission reaction starts too soon, the explosive power of the bomb is left low.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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On the other hand, it is harder to consider a large amount of uranium in a small volume as subcritical.


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The practical upper limit of fission bomb force is probably 500 KB.


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Nor can the bomb be unlimited, because then the critical mass remains unreached.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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The smallest nuclear weapon produced was the US-made fission bomb “Davy Crockett”, with a power output of less than 0.1 kiloton.


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In 1951, the US detonated the first nuclear explosive of less than 0.1 kiloton (100 TNT tonnes) and in 1958 a nuclear explosive equivalent to only 200 trotyl silos.


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Both major powers also had nuclear-tipped torpedoes and sea mines.


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They generally had an explosive power of about 0.3 kilotons.


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Such weapons are suspected to have been on a Russian submarine that ran aground at Karlskrona in 1981, though the Soviet Union disputed the issue, saying the radiation observations had come from watch faces containing tritium from surveyors.


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The 0.1—200 kiloton explosive is said to be a kiloton class weapon, and guns above 0.5 megaton are clearly megaton-class weapons.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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Thus, atomic bombs are always quite “small”, kiloton-class weapons.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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Even in modern intercontinental missiles, nuclear warheads tend to have an explosive power of less than 500 kilotons, for example, 340 kilotons in “Peacekeeper”.


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Though Peacekeeper was a MIRV missile that carried ten nuclear warheads.


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The combined power thus was 3.4 megatons.


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The tip of the Russian Topol missile has an explosive power of 750 kilotons.


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During World War II, Germany was bombed with a force of 1.6 megaton using conventional explosives.


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Fission bomb operation Cannon type uranium bomb The construction of a uranium bomb is simple.


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The body of the bomb is a tube.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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At one end of the tube is a heavy piece of uranium, and at the other a lighter one that is fired with an explosive charge onto a bigger piece attached.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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The bigger piece has a notch the size of a smaller piece.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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Critical mass is achieved when a smaller piece is struck into place and a chain reaction begins.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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Sometimes both pieces are iced in a suitable way with neutron-reflecting matter (beryllium, tungsten, natural uranium, among others).


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A polonium separate neutron source may also be involved, but it is not necessary.


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The Hiroshima bomb was based on this cannon type structure, which is easy to build and does not require large numbers of complex tests when developed.


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The implosion principle plutonium bomb The plutonium bomb is significantly harder to manufacture than a cannon-type uranium bomb because in a cannon-type plutonium bomb, the chain reaction tends to start too early and produce only a small explosion.


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The beginning of the chain reaction is due to self-occurring fission of Pu-240 in the mix between fission-worthy Pu-239 and other isotopes of plutonium.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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Pu-240 is therefore so unstable that it is capable of fission without neutron bombardment.


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This neutron production is a problem for the designer of an effective plutonium bomb.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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A cannon-type structure in a plutonium bomb is theoretically possible, but then the bomb grows too large and heavy to be suitable as a practical weapon.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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In a plutonium bomb, you shrink a hollow plutonium ball by blowing up so small and dense that a chain reaction begins.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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With this method, critical mass is achieved for 1/10 of the time required for a cannon-type bomb.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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The plutonium bomb will initially detonate “in”, that is, there will be a so-called implosion (i.e. the opposite of an explosion, or an explosion).


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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The practical problem with the implosion method is that the shock wave that shrinks the plutonium body must be strictly spherical, so the bomb must be assembled to a precision of less than a millimetre.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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The explosive device must be ignited at several points completely simultaneously.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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Because the bomb has multiple detonators, many separate shock waves cross with each other are generated.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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Shock waves emanating from different ignition sites must therefore be combined.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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This is done using two explosives.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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In one, the shock wave is progressing rapidly, in the other slowly.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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The slow explosive is inside, and the high-speed explosive, where the ignition occurs, is on the outer.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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Of these two, a part of the ball, the “lens”, is assembled.


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Slow matter is a soft cone pointing roughly outward.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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The interface of these folds the shock wave against the interface in the direction perpendicular to the normal.


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When the interface is properly formulated, the shock wave can be centered like light rays on the lens to go towards the center of the bomb.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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Different implosion structures have varying numbers of lenses.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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Inside the lenses there is still a thin layer of high-speed explosive, an amplifier.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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After the lenses, there must usually be a spherical layer of rapid explosive reinforcing the shock wave or a second lens layer.


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Theoretically, implosion is simple, but it is difficult to implement it in practice.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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Between 1944—1945, the United States spent thousands of person-years developing the implosion method.


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Nowadays, the task is easier, implosion can be simulated on supercomputers.


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The explosive material must be ignited on many sides carefully at the same time.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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The plutonium core is surrounded by an explosive (shock wave) equaliser and has a neutron source at its centre.


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Of course, the implosion method can also be used to make a uranium bomb.


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Usually a country developing an atomic bomb is forced to test for implosion in a lab.


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The test charge detonated at Alamogordo and Nagasaki's bomb “Fat Man” were based on implosion.


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Implosion is usually carried out using different “explosive lenses” with two explosives.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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The implosion bomb, when done correctly, is stronger than a cannon-type bomb because the density of the fissionable substance in it increases higher than in the cannon type.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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A poorly made implosion bomb is low power, its power can be from a few tons to one kiloton.


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The base material of a plutonium bomb is toxic and chemically reactive and therefore difficult to process.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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Gallium is usually added to plutonium to preserve it in the appropriate allotropic form of the metal, the delta phase, and it is iced with a suitable substance, for example gold, to prevent gallium from reacting with the environment.


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Self-occurring, or spontaneous decay, of plutonium-240 heats up plutonium.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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Warming can be a problem for someone building a bomb if the heat isn't piped away.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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Implosion bombs have two layers between the hollow plutonium sphere: an aluminium, beryllium or aluminium beryllium alloy layer inside, and a natural uranium layer.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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The inner layer is low-density, the outer is high-density.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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The inner reflects the shock wave back and reduces the subsequent drop in pressure, the outer holding the bomb together as the chain reaction begins.


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This is how the power of the bomb grows.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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The explosive layer consists of explosive lenses joined together in a football-like fashion: for example, 20 hexagons, 12 pentagons.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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The lens has a slow explosive cone pointing outward, and an inward-pointing high-speed explosive conical burrow that fits the slow explosive seamlessly.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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There may be two layers of lenses on top of each other.


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Ignition occurs, for example, with a strong current on an explosive wire.


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As lighters, crytrons are used, which are able to engage a 4000 volt strong-current pulse in a few billionths of a second.


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The high strength aluminium alloy duralumin (dural) has been identified as the best bomb shell material.


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The structure of a spherical plutonium bomb (Fat Man as an example) is as follows: neutron source, for example beryllium/polonium 1 cm, 7 g hollow plutonium sphere 4.5 cm, 6.2 kg neutron reflector: aluminum and boron 11.5 cm, 120 kg booster: natural uranium 23 cm, 120 g thick layer of explosives with lighters 65 cm, 2500 kg.


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The atomic bomb has also been implemented by changing the shape of an oval plutonium body with an explosive to a spherical one.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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Plutonium is here inside a cylindrical explosive body.


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This solution is comparatively rare.


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When an atomic bomb explodes, only a small fraction of the amount equivalent to critical mass releases energy when it splits.


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For Fat Man, this was only 1.4% and 20% for the best bombs.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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Since it is difficult to keep a large amount of fissionable matter in a small volume, the practical limit for an atomic bomb to explosive power is a few hundred kilotons.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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Other types of explosives Fusion bombs Fusion bombs gain their explosive energy from the fusion of topping substances (hydrogen or helium) into heavier substances, releasing a large amount of energy.


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These bombs are usually referred to as hydrogen bombs or thermonuclear bombs.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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In practice, in the context of a fusion bomb, a fission bomb is also always needed, which generates the high temperature required for fusion.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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A fusion bomb is significantly more efficient than a fission bomb in terms of explosive power.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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The action of the fusion bomb on the left side is the fission phase, on the right the fusion phase.


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The hollow fissionable material rod at the center of the fusion phase is a so-called spark plug.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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The idea is that the explosion caused by a fission bomb creates a sufficiently high pressure and heat, that is, suitable conditions for an undisturbed fusion reaction.


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Accelerated Fission Bomb Accelerated fission bombs rely on placing a small amount of fusing matter in the center of the fission bomb, from which the emitting neutron radiation induces further fission in the bomb's core, increasing the explosive capacity by about double.


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The fusion itself only produces an increase in explosive power by a negligible small amount.


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Cobalt Bomb The shells of cobalt bombs are made of cobalt, which when detonated becomes radioactive.


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The purpose is to make bomb fallout more toxic, and to pollute the environment for longer.


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Let's talk about “salted bombs”.


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To get the effect for runs of different lengths, zinc has also been used in the shell, among other things.


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If a cobalt bomb were to be detonated high in the atmosphere, the cobalt would become small particles and contaminate the Earth very widely as the particles spread along with the winds.


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The radioactive isotope cobalt-60 of cobalt has a half-life of 5.27 years.


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Neutron bomb The neutron bomb allows neutrons released in fission to escape from the bomb, greatly increasing the radiation effect.


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This directs the bomb's destructive effect even more clearly towards living creatures, with structures surviving with lesser destruction.


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“Dirty bombs” Dirty bombs, or radiological weapons, are weapons in which a conventional explosion spreads radioactive material into the environment.


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The effect is the same as that of radioactive fallout from a nuclear weapon.


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So it's not an actual nuclear weapon.


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A dirty bomb is well suited as a terrorist's weapon, as radiation even in small quantities increases the terror effect of the bomb.


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Basically, a dirty bomb can contaminate some area uninhabitable for tens of years and increase the risk of cancer over a wider area.


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Meaning of a nuclear weapon A nuclear weapon has been the only weapon to date that has not been used after being held by at least two countries.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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At one time, explosives more powerful than infantry bow, machine gun and gunpowder were considered weapons that would either contribute to the end of warfare or whose use between “civilized” countries would be reprehensible.


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In Japan, owning guns based on gunpowder was banned in the 17th century under the threat of capital punishment.


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The rationale behind the US desire to limit weapons of mass destruction has been suggested that it limits US access to action in the world.


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Further, Mao Zedong is reported to have said that with 10 nuclear weapons, China would achieve immunity.


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The phenomenon is also evident in U.S.-North Korea relations.


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Different Countries' Nuclear Weapons Programs Nuclear weapons have at least the United States, Russia, Great Britain, France, China, India, Pakistan and North Korea.


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Furthermore, Israel pretty certainly has a nuke.


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Due to military alliances, including NATO, nuclear weapons have also been deployed in other countries.


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As a result of the Manhattan Project, Hiroshima and Nagasaki were nuked in the summer of 1945.


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The Soviet Union obtained its first nuclear weapon likely by spying on the US weapons program.


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[5] Great Britain was involved in the Manhattan program along with Canada.


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France probably started its nuclear weapons program in 1956.


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As recently as the 1930s, Germany had been a pioneer in nuclear research, but during World War II it was overtaken by the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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Even in China, nuclear weapons research began as early as 1953, and the decision to acquire nuclear armament was made in 1955 or 1956.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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In the 1950s, socialist China and the Soviet Union began close cooperation on nuclear technology, among other things, as a result of secret agreements.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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The Soviet Union even promised to supply China with a model piece of a nuclear weapon, as well as assistance in building a nuclear weapon.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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As spacing between the countries cooled, China was not supplied with a nuclear weapon and in 1960 the Soviet Union withdrew its advisers.


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China first experimented with a nuclear weapon on October 16, 1964.


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Since the 1960s, Israel has very likely owned a nuclear weapon, but its authorities have made only vague statements about this.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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Israel has been holding back and hindering Iraq's likely nuclear weapons program since the 1981 destruction of Al-Tuwaitha's Osirak nuclear reactor by the Israeli Air Force.


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Iraq's nuclear weapons program began in 1971, despite the country's accession to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty 1969.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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Iraq was presumed to have been a few years or months away from completing a nuclear weapon in the Gulf War of 1991.


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India's nuclear weapon speaks to developing countries' ability to build their own nuclear weapon based on public records, but also the great difficulties of designing and building nuclear weapons.


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Estimates of the size of India's nuclear arsenal vary considerably.


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India probably has some real capacity to strike China and Pakistan with nuclear weapons.


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Estimates of bomb numbers range from ten to a few dozen.


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Pakistan is known to have long sought a nuclear weapon and had been on a long programme as far back as the 1980s.


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The Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission was established in 1965.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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Pakistan began developing a nuclear weapon in 1972 as a counter-appeal to the Indian threat.


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The country is estimated to have at least two dozen if not several dozen nuclear bombs.


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Even now, somewhat unexpectedly in a departure from earlier strict policy, the United States has recognised India as a responsible nuclear weapons state.


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North Korea has announced its nuclear weapons program and claimed to have a nuclear weapon.


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Previous innuendos have been claimed to have been nothing more than rhetoric.


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North Korea has a small Yongbyon reactor that produces plutonium.


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A second reactor is under construction at Yongbyon.


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The country is suspected of sourcing uranium enrichment technology from Pakistan.


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Iran has rebuilt the Bushehr nuclear power plant with Russian help since 1995.


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Iran has built facilities that it can use to enrich uranium.


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The country also has several nuclear research facilities.


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The US claims Iran is developing a nuclear weapon.


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South Africa developed a fairly primitive cannon type uranium-based nuclear bomb.


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South Africa has large reserves of uranium, which has been known for a long time.


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The bomb production programme lasted for twenty years and the country had a few bombs that have now been defused.


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Nuclear proliferation The NPT officially prevents nuclear proliferation.


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The agreement is monitored by the International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA.


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A lot of countries that don't sign the treaty have gotten themselves a nuclear weapon.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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There are countries that have sought a nuclear weapon despite the NPT.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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It's easier to build a less high-end nuclear weapon than what the US people developed in the Manhattan Project.


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It takes an industrialized country ten to fifteen years to make a nuclear weapon.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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Time may be shorter if the nuclear fuel cycle is suitable for bomb-making.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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Japan is considered a country that could easily manufacture a nuclear weapon if they wanted to.


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A developing country needs technology to make a nuclear weapon.


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Attempts to buy nuclear technology suitable for uranium enrichment or plutonium reprocessing can tell about the search for a nuclear weapon.


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Certain types of reactors are better suited to bomb production than others.


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A working research reactor might tell you about the development of a nuclear weapon.


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A civilian utility reactor can be used to produce material capable of nuclear weapons, and at least Pakistan, India, Iran and North Korea are suspected to have already done so.


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Fission bombs can also be destroyed by diluting them to fit nuclear fuel and “burn” them in a nuclear power plant.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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Major powers and international organisations often monitor the actions of countries suspected of developing nuclear weapons, for example Iran.


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Nuclear tests conducted by someone on Earth's surface or in the atmosphere can be detected, for example, by US Vela satellites, which detect flashes of light and gamma rays.


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A surprising earthquake in an area where they don't normally occur could be linked to an underground nuclear test.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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Also, radiation can sometimes leak out from an underground nuclear test, which can be measured by spies on the ground.


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Earthquakes caused by underground nuclear tests can be dampened or eliminated by conducting a nuclear test in a hollow space etched with oil in a salt dome.


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Clean salt deposits suitable for the purpose are rare.


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Use of Nuclear Weapons Nuclear weapons have only been used in combat on two occasions, in Nagasaki and Hiroshima, but they have often also been intended to be used in other crises and wars.


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During the Korean War, Gen. Douglas MacArthur, the US commander of UN forces, suggested in a letter to Congressman Martin that nuclear weapons be used against North Korean and Chinese volunteers.


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[6] The explosive forces of nuclear bombs are measured in terms of the corresponding trotyl quantity.


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Trotyl (TNT, Trinitrotoluene) is a common explosive in military use.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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An explosion of twenty kilotons (kt) therefore releases as much energy as detonating twenty thousand trotyl tons.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

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The force of special large conventional bombs is only about 0.044 kt, or 44 t. The force of large hydrogen bombs is measured in millions of trotyl tons, or megatons (Mt).


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

Strategic nuclear weapons are used in a complementary system, or “triad”.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

Nuclear warheads can be placed on bomber, intercontinental and SLBM missiles.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

[7] The bombs that destroyed Hiroshima and Nagasaki were both dropped from B-29 Superfortress bombers.


Question: In what year are boosters invented?

Nuclear weapon

The first bomb was dropped from a plane called Enola Gay on 6 August 1945, piloted by Colonel Paul Tibbets.