Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

and their diagnosis requires the following general criteria: At least one of the following syndromes or symptoms occurs most of the time (or some time during most days) during a psychotic illness period lasting at least one month: Echoing thoughts, thoughts transfer or deprivation or transmission of thoughts Experiences associated with controlling, influencing or being guided in relation to body or limb movements or specific thoughts, activities or sensations; delusional observations.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Hearing hallucinations, where voices comment on a patient's behavior or discuss the patient with each other, or another type of sounds that are heard from some part of the body.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Other persistent delusions that are culture inappropriate and completely impossible (e.g., the ability to control the weather, or to communicate with aliens from another world).


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Alternatively, at least two of the following syndromes or symptoms occur most of the time (or some time during most days) during a psychotic illness period lasting at least one month: Long-lasting hallucinations of any sense that occur daily for at least one month and involving delusions (which can be either transient or partial) without obvious mood-related content, or involving persistent overrated thoughts.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Neologisms (personal words invented by the patient) breaks or detached intervening thoughts that break the course of ordinary thought.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

As a result, there is a fragmentation of speech or loss of meaning.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Catatonic behaviour such as arousal, stopping in strange positions or waxy tendency, negativism, mutism (not speaking), and complete stagnation.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

“Negative” symptoms such as marked apathetics, low speech and lacrimation or mismatch of emotions.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Differential diagnoses It is necessary to ensure that the symptoms are not caused by depressive or antipsychotics [107] [108] [109] [108] and it should also be noted that the criteria have not been met since the development of the affective disorder and the disorder cannot be considered as an organ brain disease or alcohol or alcohol or intoxication, addiction or withdrawal symptoms associated with substance abuse or use of a medicinal substance affecting the functioning of the central nervous system.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Differential diagnostics must also take into account various dissociative disorders, particularly dissociative identity disorder, or “tributary personality disorder”, with significant overlapping symptoms with psychosis diseases, but nevertheless a clearly divergent overall disease picture.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[110] A diagnosis of schizophrenia should not be made if a person has abundant symptoms of depression or mania unless it is clear that schizophrenic symptoms have occurred prior to the affective disorder.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Schizophrenia should not be diagnosed either during obvious brain disease or symptoms of intoxication or withdrawal.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

When diagnostically assessing abnormal experiences and behaviours, it is important to remember the impact of culture or specific subculture or potential low talent and avoid making a false positive assessment.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

In addition, differential diagnoses such as Asperger's syndrome or other autism spectrum disorders should be excluded.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Although there are clear differences between Asperger's syndrome and schizophrenia, psychodynamic examination can lead to misinterpretations and misdiagnosis.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[111] A single psychosis may not be caused by schizophrenia, but may be, for example, so-called reactive psychosis caused by shock or chemical psychosis triggered by substance use.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Classification Question Medically, the causes, mechanism and course of the disease of schizophrenia are poorly understood despite long research.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

It is sometimes suggested that schizophrenia should be divided into several different diseases based on different manifestations, because they differ so much from each other.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Mental illness was divided into two groups in the 19th century, from their current names schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, which are now classified as different diseases.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

There is controversy in psychiatry as to whether they are just different forms of the same disease after all.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Diseases have more genes in common than distinguishing.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Genes that distinguish diseases account for about 48 percent of gene variation in schizophrenics, and 31 percent of gene variation in those with bipolar disorder.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

In between the two diseases, there is an additional schizoaffective disorder that combines the features of each.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[112] A schizophrenic offspring has a multiple risk of developing not only schizophrenia but also bipolar disorder.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

The elevated risk is not due to upbringing, as it also applies to biological adoption children.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[113] Many researchers have criticized the validity of schizophrenia diagnosis partly because symptoms typical of schizsorenia can also be found in other categories of psychiatric disorders and many schizophrenia patients also meet other psychiatric disorders such as depression, manic- diagnostic criteria for depressivity, panic disorder, dissociation disorder or post-traumatic stress reaction.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

In one study, people with dissociative identity disorder experienced even more symptoms of schizophrenia than those given a diagnosis of schizophrenia.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

After all, there is no reliable evidence that symptoms typical of schizophrenia occur together but do not occur in other disorders.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

For example, a WHO study published in 1974 compared clusters of different symptoms in humans with diagnostic symptom classes.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

According to the study, the symptom picture of patients with schizophrenia did not form a distinctive profile; instead, the people who were the subject of the study were much more homogeneous in their symptoms than the diagnostic classifications suggested.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[4] The validity and reliability of schizophrenia have also been criticized from other perspectives.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

For example, the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia diagnosis presented in the DSM-V can be met in 15 different ways in two people without having a single common symptom.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Furthermore, according to the DSM-IV, there did not need to be even two symptoms, but one was enough when (a) two or more voices commented on a person's thoughts and behaviour, if (b) two or more voices conversing with each other, or if (c) delusions are bizzaric.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Research suggests that there is no consensus for the definition of “bizzari”, although on average 6% of schizophrenia diagnoses have been made on the basis of this symptom alone.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[4] The diagnosis of schizophrenia contained in the DSM-V always requires the co-occurrence of two symptoms and has removed the term “bizzari” from the schizophrenia criterion system following criticism of it.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[114] However, a new diagnosis of “unspecified schizophrenia” has entered the manual, which does not require consideration of the duration of symptoms or fulfilment of all symptoms characteristic of the schizophrenia criterion, such as delusions or hallucinations.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

However, the diagnosis has been criticised for being vague, which, according to criticism, can lead to increasing problems with diagnosis validity and reliability.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[115] In particular, the ICD classification used in Europe and emerging countries differs somewhat from the DSM diagnostic manual in terms of diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

It requires symptoms to last only one month, while DSM requires symptoms to last six months to meet the criteria for a diagnosis of schizophrenia.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

ICD-10 does not require the disorder to be accompanied by a decrease in social or professional capacity.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Thus, it is possible that a fully functional individual may receive a diagnosis of lifelong mental illness.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

It also contains a longer list of symptoms typical of schizophrenia, than the DSM diagnostic manual.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

As a result, it involves even more questions about the validity and reliability of diagnosis.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[4] Herron et.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

al (1992) identified a total of 16 different schizophrenia classification systems.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Depending on which classification system was used, 1-203 of the 248 patients studied met the criteria for a diagnosis of schizophrenia.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Ways to classify and acquire information about a patient's symptoms also vary.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

For example, McGorry et al.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

(1995) examined the concordance of eight methods used to diagnose psychotic disorder contained in DSM-IVs.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

According to the results, the consistency between the different methods ranged from 53 to 65%.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

One study found no statistically significant association between the two diagnostic processes used by the researchers and the schizophrenia diagnoses made by clinicians.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[4] Some studies suggest that a patient's socioeconomic background is linked to whether they are diagnosed with schizophrenia or another psychotic disorder with the same symptom pattern.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

The impact of socioeconomic background on diagnosis is unconscious, as psychiatrists do not know that they make diagnoses based on factors other than the person's symptoms.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Ethnic background is also thought to have a link with how sensitively a patient is given a diagnosis of schizophrenia.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

It is speculated that because of this, some ethnic minorities with schizophrenia have a remarkably much better prognosis than the average for people with schizophrenia.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[4] The validity of schizophrenia diagnosis can also be criticized based on the fact that its prognosis varies greatly between individuals.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

The prognosis of schizophrenia is determined by three facts: 1) there is considerable variation in it 2) many of those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia recover fully 3) psychosocial factors are most strongly linked to the prognosis of schizophrenia.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Many long-term studies suggest an estimated 13-78% recovery from schizophrenia.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

The majority of estimates are placed in the range of 30-55%.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Schizophrenia diagnosis therefore has poor predictive validity contrary to what is often claimed.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[4] Treatment A sufferer with schizophrenia may lack a sense of illness altogether, leaving responsibility for the patient's care often left to one's own.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[116] The onset of schizophrenia typically results in early stages of hospitalization, which continues later as an outpatient.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Treatment of schizophrenia is usually based on long-term use of antipsychotics [117] which suppress the functioning of the central nervous system, aimed at eliminating psychosis and preventing its recurrence.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

However, the Tornio region has a so-called open dialogue treatment model in place, the cornerstone of which, rather than medication, is listening to the patient and having equal conversation, which has proven in studies to be the most effective and cheapest treatment for schizophrenia and other psychosis diseases.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[117] Treatment of schizophrenia requires good planning and consideration of the patient's immediate family and relatives.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

The illness can be accompanied by difficulties in interacting with others, inability to go to work, as well as difficulties in adhering to a treatment regimen.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

For example, the lack of time to go out is one of the reasons why 42% of those transferred from hospital to outpatient treatment for the first time do not pick up their medication at the pharmacy.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

In Finland, 7.8% of patients with schizophrenia transferred to outpatient care are admitted to hospital within a month, which is less than the average in OECD countries.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Within a few months, however, the repatriation will be less successful.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

The reason has been assessed as an outpatient treatment leaves a person to cope alone with their problems.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[118] A schizophrenic may also become homeless due to the difficulties of everyday life he encounters, in which case it may be difficult to follow a treatment regimen.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Formerly homeless, there was also a habit of discharging schizophrenics from hospital without housing.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[119] Schizophrenia is resistant to treatment in a small proportion of patients, i.e. the treatments tried have not worked.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Treatment of treatment-resistant schizophrenia is challenging.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

The old and potent clozapine is used to treat treatment-resistant schizophrenia, which, however, has even more side effects than newer antipsychotics.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[120] One of the major difficulties in treating schizophrenia is comorbide substance abuse disorder.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

By this is meant double diagnosis.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[121] Medication Schizophrenia is primarily treated with persistent antipsychotic medication [117] (neuroleptics) in Finland, with the exception of Tornio, whose action is based on suppressing central nervous system function.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

According to the Finnish Recommendation for Schizophrenia, the efficacy of antipsychotics, especially in the treatment of positive symptoms, has been conclusively proven in controlled trials.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Due to the risk of recurrence of psychosis, drug therapy for psychosis is recommended to be continued after at least 2-5 initial psychosis, depending on how sensitive the patient is to external life events.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

In studies, psychosis recurs within one year after initial psychosis in 55% of patients treated with placebo and 15-25% of patients receiving antipsychotic medicine.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[122] [10] [123] According to the “Fair Care Recommendation”, deficient treatment compliance is a major contributing factor to the treatment of schizophrenia.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

According to studies, 30% of hospitalized patients, as well as 45-65%, at least periodically fail to follow the medication prescription.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[124] [125] The treatment model of open dialogue in Tornio developed in the 1980s the so-called 'open dialogue' treatment model (the so-called 'open dialogue' treatment model. A model) [117] in which treatment begins within a day of contact with the patient [126].


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

The treatment model is designed to prevent the chronicling of psychosis [126] and starts from the idea that mental health problems are primarily caused by social interaction problems between people.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[117] Only 35 per cent of patients with psychosis in the Tornio region are prescribed antipsychotic medication, while elsewhere these medicines are prescribed to all sufferers of psychosis.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[117] If an antipsychotic is used, the doses should be kept low to avoid side effects.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[126] The most important form of treatment is an egalitarian discussion involving not only the patient, physician and other medical staff, but also the patient's loved ones.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

The open-dialog treatment model has proved to be markedly more effective and cheaper than the model used elsewhere in Finland, with only 24 per cent of patients having re-entered psychosis during the two-year follow-up period, compared with 71 per cent of those treated elsewhere in Finland of patients.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[117] In the area where the open dialogue model has been used in the treatment of psychoses, the incidence of schizophrenia has fallen by one tenth over a 20-year period, despite the lack of noticeable changes in the population of the region.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Elsewhere in Finland, the incidence of schizophrenia has even been on a slight rise recently.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

The change can be explained by a culture of treatment, which also allows for early intervention in the course of psychosis and thus to prevent prolonged psychotic symptoms.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[11] [8] Other treatment In addition to pharmacotherapy, patients with schizophrenia are sometimes also given psychosocial treatment, which may include, inter alia, supportive discussions, occupational therapy, psychoeduction, i.e. information about the disease and how to treat it, working with the patient's relatives such as family work, cognitive psychotherapy, and cognitive rehabilitation.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[9] The aim of therapies is not only to support the patient/rehabilitator's ability to function, but also to increase the patient's desire to undergo treatment and use medications.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[127] The historical treatments for schizophenia today are mainly isolation, or “safety therapy”, bed binding, or “resting ties”, and occasionally electrotherapy.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[128] Resting bandages are wide leather beams to tie the patient to a bed for an average of 10 hours at a time.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Bed binding usually treats patient confusion and occasionally aggression or disruptive behavior as well.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[129] Forecast According to a Finnish study published in 2015, 13.5% of Finns affected will recover if the recovery is defined as having a good functional capacity for at least two years and at most minor symptoms.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

A measure of good functioning is considered, for example, to the fact that the patient is in the workforce.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Despite advances in medications and other treatment, recovery from schizophrenia is no more common than it was decades ago; fewer and fewer are showing signs of recovery.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

This is thought to be accompanied by heightened labour demands.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[130] According to pharmaceutical company Lundbeck AB, approximately 3% recover fully and overall functional performance is maintained in 15% to 22% of sufferers.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[131] With age, symptoms often ease and sometimes a person is cured of schizophrenia.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[132] The new-generation antipsychotics advertised as effective have not increased the number of people recovering from schizophrenia [130], but with the open dialogue treatment model that has been in use in Tornio for decades, 76 per cent of patients recovered well enough to not recur psychosis for two years during the follow-up period, after recurrence in 71 per cent of conventionally treated patients.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[117] According to WHO international studies, there have been surprising differences between countries in the prognosis of schizophrenia.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

For example, according to a study published in 1969, living in a developing country greatly improved the prognosis of schizophrenia.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

The researchers suspected this was because patients' drug treatment compliance in developing countries was higher than in wealthier Western countries.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Another WHO study, published in 1992, examined the association of drug compliance with the prognosis of schizophrenia.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

According to that study, in poor countries, only 16% of schizophrenia patients ate medication for their disease, compared with 61% in Western countries.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

The medication, contrary to the hypothesis, did not have the expected association with the prognosis of schizophrenia; instead, the prognosis was weakest in those countries with the most prevalent drug treatment (Russia) and the best in those countries with the rarest drug treatment (Nigeria).


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Even in this study, living in a developing country was strongly linked to a good prognosis: on average, about 60% of schizophrenics recovered, while in affluent countries nearly 60% became chronically ill.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

The 1997 study also echoed the findings of the previous two studies.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[3] [133] Schizophrenia is associated with a high risk of suicide.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

One in two schizophrenics attempt suicide [134] and about 5% commit suicide.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

The suicide rate is down like everyone else.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[135] Men with schizophrenia have 15 years shorter lifespan than men without schizophrenia, according to a study conducted at the Swedish University of Lund.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

According to the same study, women with schizophrenia have 12 years shorter lifespan than women without schizophrenia.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

The difference in lifetimes is explained by cardiovascular disease and cancers, which schizophrenics have more than the rest of the population [136] and the fact that people with schizophrenia receive worse and later treatment.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[137] A part of the cause of cardiovascular disease and cancer is smoking.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Of schizophrenics, 75 percent are smokers.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[80] and the majority of smokers are large consumers of tobacco (25 cigarettes or more per day).


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[138] The use of neuroleptics also increases the risk of life-impairing cardiovascular diseases [139].


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

The “Fair Treatment for Schizophrenia Recommendation” emphasizes that regular medication has been linked to lower overall mortality.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

However, the research evidence on the subject is contradictory.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

The Going Care recommendation is largely based on Tiihonen et.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

al (2009) for a published study that examined the association between neuroleptic use and mortality between 1996-2006.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

The study found that lower mortality rates were linked to regular medication use over an 11-year follow-up period.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[140] However, the study has been criticised for inadequate reporting of research-related data, poor control of other impressive variables, and failure to record deaths in hospital, resulting in 64% of the mortality rate missing out on the study excluded.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[141] Some studies suggest that long-term use of neuroleptics may be associated with increased overall mortality.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[142] Schizophrenia's estimated course of illness and the decrease in functional capacity it causes are generally considered to be affected e.g.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

the following factors.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Poor prognosis is often associated [143] male sex early onset of disease triggering factors long-term pre-symptoms and slow onset of illness poor activity level predominance of negative symptoms vague disease picture Early hallucinations and delusions no depressive symptoms of central nervous system changes or dysfunction, no more permanent relationship with weak social support in the family environment, weakness of the absent, delayed or poor treatment of the disease numbness.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

A good prognosis is often associated [143] female sex with late onset of symptoms associated with so-called triggers rapid onset of symptoms preceding illness Good functioning symptom image weighting on positive symptoms (excl. early hallucinations or delusions) persecution sensations and/or depressive symptoms no central nervous system structural abnormalities/dysfunction more permanent relationship social network good support family environment no major problems timely initiated and effective treatment sensation of illness.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Comorbidities People with schizophrenia have a 50% higher likelihood of developing autoimmune diseases.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Scientists suspect infections underlie the perceived link.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[144] The effect of Stigma on Schizophrenia is increasingly taboo.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

In Finland, for example, there is not a single surviving public figure who has come out of the closet with schizophrenia.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

According to the 2015 Mental Health Barometer, 32% of Finns would not want a schizophrenic as their neighbour.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[145] Schizophrenia can appear more frightening than reality in people's minds because of ignorance and false beliefs.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[146] S<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[117544,117562,2,2]}'>chizophrenic is still used, for example, as a press accepted barking word when referring to conflicting people or unrealistic politics.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[147] [148] [149] The stigma affects politicians and job seekers with schizophrenia, for example.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

According to a Japanese book published in 2012, 58-74% of Japanese people would not vote for a politician they know has schizophrenia.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

54-58% wouldn't vote depressed either.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

48-61% of Japanese people wouldn't hire a person to work if they knew this to be schizophrenic.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

In addition to their personal opinion, respondents speculated that others agreed with them.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

75% imagined that people with hallucinations or delusions live predominantly in hospital, which is not the case.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[150] For fear of being stigmatized as mentally ill, many people who recognise symptoms of schizophrenia themselves are afraid to seek treatment.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

The stigma undermines the social status of schizophrenics.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Because of fear of stigma, there may also be a greater threshold to pursue their rights by organizing behind a front organization.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[151] Reasons for stigma Schizophrenia are sometimes associated with violence.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

In truth, schizophrenics are more closeted and timid.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[152] Admittedly, women with schizophrenia and other psychosis diseases are eight times more likely than other women to be perpetrators of violence, and men with schizophrenia or psychosis are five times more likely than other men, respectively.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

However, schizophrenia and other psychotic illnesses do not cause violence; instead, the difference is fully explained by the greater likelihood of schizophrenics using intoxicants, which again have been linked to violence.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[153] News reporting warning that substance use leads to schizophrenia is often intentionally simplifying, although the link between different substance abuse and schizophrenia may be multifactorial and can be attributed to several factors.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

The stigma of schizophrenia is meant to limit substance use, but the alarmist news coverage with schizophrenia contributes to strengthening the stigma of schizophrenia, alienating the disease from everyday life, even though schizophrenia is a disease among others.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Schizophrenics may be imagined to be constantly either in psychosis or at risk of slipping into it, which is not the case with most schizophrenics.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

A person can recover from schizophrenia into good shape, and yet he's still schizophrenic.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is not synonymous with irrationality.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

In films, psychosis is often depicted combined with horror and unhappy fate.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

In the Soviet Union, the stigma of schizophrenia was exploited and at the same time maintained by the state's imprisonment of dissidents in a mental hospital.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

The captives were alleged to be suffering from creeping schizophrenia.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

It has been studied that biomedical mental image of schizophrenia as a strongly inherited brain dysfunction has been linked to stigma.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Overall, based on 22 statistical studies covering 14 countries and 17 experimental studies covering six countries, it has been calculated that 90% of biological causal explanation models are associated with negative attitudes relative to people with schizophrenia diagnosis.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Of psychosocial causal explanatory models, 92% are associated with positive attitudes relative to schizophrenics.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

For example, one German study found that belief in schizophrenia as a “brain disease” and a strongly inherited disorder were linked to images of schizophrenics as dangerous, as well as a desire to stay away from people with schizophrenia.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

According to one experimental study, offering biological explanation models to viewers in the context of a video depicting hallucinations and delusions significantly increased viewers' negative attitudes associated with the supposed dangerousness and unpredictability of psychotic symptoms.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[4] The link between biological explanatory patterns and negative attitudes contributes to explaining why research suggests that the stigma associated with schizophrenia has not decreased, but even worsened.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Although psychosocial explanation patterns remain common among lay people, efforts have been made to correct these views, understood to be unscientific, over the decades through various campaigns aimed at improving the public's “mental health literacy”.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

These campaigns have been characterized by an emphasis on biological explanation models and seeing schizophrenia as one somatic disease among others.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Efforts have also been made to educate the family of patients with schizophrenia through psychoeduction to understand the biological and strongly hereditary nature of the disease.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Patients' understanding of the psychosocial origins of their illness is explained as being due to the fact that they suffer from a sense of illness typical of schizophrenia, and thus do not understand their own condition.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

However, the researchers say biological explanation models are not workable ways to reduce the stigma associated with schizophrenia and self-tigmatization of patients.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[4] According to an international study of 27 countries published in 2009, schizophrenics face the fourth highest level of discrimination in Finland.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

In Finland, the study was conducted in Vaasa.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Two out of three Finnish schizophrenics faced discrimination in their circle of friends and nearly half in their family.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Work-life discrimination, such as employment discrimination, was also common.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Because of the diagnosis, victimization of violence such as assault or accessibility was twice as common in Finland.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Few felt they had received positive differentiation because of their mental health issues.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[154] Discrimination leads to self-discrimination.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

The majority of Finnish people with schizophrenia had failed to seek employment or education because of their diagnosis, according to the study.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Most also felt the need to hide their diagnosis from others.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Kristian Wahlbeck, a professor at THL, speculated that discrimination stems from poor or inadequate outpatient care for those discriminated against.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[154] In health care, illnesses in mental health rehabilitators such as schizophrenics are not taken as seriously as those of others, but rather physical symptoms may be explained by mental health problems or inadmissible due to understatement.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Patients may not be up to or know how to require good care.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Delay in treatment has resulted in a number of deaths in Finland, especially when the patient has not had next of kin who required treatment.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[155] At least one hospital has outright refused to treat a patient's physical illness in a psychiatric ward because the person was in psychosis.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

A patient with a pulmonary embolism died due to lack of treatment.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Police suspected manslaughter and breach of duty, but evidence was insufficient to bring charges.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[156] According to a French study, the most common cause of death for schizophrenics after suicide was cancer, from which they were four times more likely than the rest of the population to die.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Schizophrenic men died far more often than others from lung cancer and women from breast cancer.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Researchers speculate not only smoking but also because people with schizophrenia have cancer discovered later than usual or their treatment differs in some ways from that of others.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[137] In mental illness treatment, silencing of problems is still present by explaining criticism with patient psychoticism.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[157] Patients diagnosed as schizophrenics at Kupittaan Hospital in Turku may be overmedicated among other mistreatment.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Inappropriate treatment worsens the condition of those seeking treatment, especially as a result of a trauma-triggered disease.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[158] The so-called chemical sequestration, or crippling the patient with medicines, is sometimes aimed at addressing staff shortages.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[159] In social welfare In 2000, the European Court of Human Rights sentenced the Finnish state to pay compensation in a case involving the custody of children in which the right of a woman with schizophrenia and her spouse to respect for private and family life had been violated.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Their children were taken into advance care directly from the maternity hospital in 1993 and parent-child appointments were restricted.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[160] Parents were informed from the outset that this was a long-term custody case.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Although the woman's impaired mental health improved due to her custody, the authorities did not attempt to reunite the family, which ultimately made reunification impossible.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[161] The assessment of custody has since been refined.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[160] Not all elderly people may receive a place in elderly services due to a diagnosis of schizophrenia, but an elderly person may have to live in a mental health unit even if the symptoms of the disease have been under control for dozens of years.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[155] Other Effects Adverse effects of antipsychotics Antipsychotics shrink the brains of people with schizophrenia more than the brain normally shrinks with age.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

The brain shrinks the more the longer the medication takes [162] and the greater the amount of medication.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[163] The volume of cerebrospinal fluid increases again.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Shrinkage is caused by antipsychotics of both the old and the new knee.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[164] As recently as 2010, it was thought in Finland that the shrinkage was due to progressive brain processes underlying schizophrenia itself.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[162] There was no association with decreased brain reduction in symptoms or decreased cognitive levels.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[163] However, the link was only discovered in 2014 and no longer follow-up of adverse reactions has yet been done.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[164] Antipsychotics slightly increase the risk of venous blood clots in schizophrenics, as they affect platelet formation and blood clotting.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

The risk is higher for new users and those taking atypical, second-generation antipsychotics such as quetiapine.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

The risk does not appear permanent but disappears if the medication is stopped.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[165] Antipsychotic medication increases threefold the risk of dying from a heart attack or other sudden heart syndrome.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Antipsychotic medication increases the risk of developing and dying from heart problems.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Concomitant use of psychosis and antidepressants raises the risk of death 18-fold, especially in users of the phenthiazine antipsychotic drug.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

In the Finnish study, the subjects were 66 years old on average, so the results do not directly inform younger people's risk.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[166] According to the study, adolescents taking antipsychotics (under 17 years of age) also developed heart symptoms such as heart rhythm disturbances more often than others.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

They also had factors predisposing to heart problems, including obesity, diabetes and increased blood pressure.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

The problems piled up for those taking multiple drugs at the same time.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

By the end of the study, up to a quarter of the adolescents had at least one metabolic or cardiovascular disorder.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[167] Schizophrenics, compared to their age, have a four-fold risk of developing dementia under 65 and twice the risk of developing it during their lives.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[168] Antipsychotics are known to accelerate the onset of dementia.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[169] Dementia is also predisposed to by heart problems and smoking, which are common in schizophrenics.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[168] Approximately half of those cancers on long-term antipsychotics gain weight.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

In patients not treated with drugs, weight decreases rather than rises.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Being overweight is a significant health hazard that increases the number of mm.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

prevalence of cardiovascular diseases.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Gaining weight is one of the biggest reasons for patients to refuse antipsychotics.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[170] Antipsychotics increase the risk of diabetes in people of all ages.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

The risk of developing adult-type diabetes among young people taking antipsychotics is three times higher than those of healthy people of the same age and twice as high as those of other adolescents with mental health problems without antipsychotic medication.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

During the IP (1.5 years), the risk was not very high in practice, but the long-term risks have not been studied and are probably higher.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

The researchers recommend keeping adolescents' antipsychotics as short as possible and monitoring patients' risk factors and development of diabetes.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[171] Schizophrenia and type 1 herpes virus MRI has found that in people with schizophrenia, type 1 herpes virus causes grey matter atrophy in the valgus warp of the brain.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[54] Employment According to a 2008 study, 7% of Finnish people with schizophrenia work and 80% are retired.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[172] Just under 60% of all psychosis patients are on disability pensions.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[117] 11.5% of people working in France, 12.9% in Britain and 30.3% of sufferers in Germany.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[173] In the United States, it has been estimated that with the best possible support, 30% to 80% of sufferers would be put into employment.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Exclusion from working life is due to discrimination in addition to symptoms and the care system's low interest in vocational rehabilitation.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[174] Training to be a professional pilot requires that the applicant does not have “significant problems/illnesses that can be interpreted as mental.”


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[175] Under the law, working in railway safety roles is prevented by “any psychotic disorder”.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Safety duties include the transport of rolling stock, shunting, traffic control, responsible for road safety in track work, the role of a security officer, and installation and maintenance of safety equipment.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[176] In some professions, search requirements are more vaguely indicated.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

For example, someone applying to be a police officer “must not have an illness or injury that precludes acting as a police officer.”


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[177] Fertilization treatments and adoption in Finland there is no separate guidance on the provision of fertilization treatment to a schizophrenic, but the law prohibits the administration of conception treatment if it is apparent that a balanced development cannot be secured for the child.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

In this case, the doctor may refuse treatment.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[178] Diseases considered permanent, such as schizophrenia, are often an obstacle to adoption, according to Valvira.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[179] In Finland, however, the adoption board assesses the applicant's suitability first on a case-by-case basis, assessing the child's best interests.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Applicants are required to have mental stability.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

If the adoption applicant's illness is chronic, limits his ability to care for the child or has a poor prognosis, he should submit to the board a specialist's opinion about his health condition.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[180] Therefore, if the applicant's picture of illness was very mild or had been cured of schizophrenia decades earlier, the fact that schizophrenia tends to be seen as a permanent disease is emphasised in terms of the need for a specialist's assessment.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

In Finland, Danish adoption guidance is also used to help with health assessment.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[181] Under the guidance, schizophrenia and such conditions are counted as a permanent condition under which adoption should be automatically banned if the disease is in one of the applicants.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Consideration is recommended only in cases of mental illnesses considered temporary in the past.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[182] The Health and Social Care Ethics Advisory Board Advance recommends, taking the position on the guideline, that the eligibility assessment be based on a case-by-case assessment of functional capacity for parenting, rather than individual medical diagnoses.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[181] Blood and stem cell donation Schizophrenia diagnosis prevents blood donation [183] and entry into the stem cell registry.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[184] The blood service justifies the prevention of blood donation by the fact that they have identified an increase in stress hormone levels due to blood loss to be linked to worsening and re-emergence of symptoms of mental illness.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

For mental illnesses, however, it is possible to assess the situation individually, for example through medical records, especially if the schizophrenic has been healthy and without medication for years.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[185] On the other hand, it has been noted that stigmatisation and related discrimination also chronically raise stress hormone levels, which may increase the risk of recurrence of psychosis many times over, for example, intermittent blood donation [4] [186].


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Associations for people with schizophrenia have been established in 2010 by the Association of Finnish Schizophrenia Association under the Confederation of Mental Health.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[187] There is also an association for all people who hear hearing hallucinations, the Finnish Polyphonic Association, founded in 1996, which shares information, maintains a weekly on-call support phone and organises conversation and peer support meetings in different localities and online.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

[188] See also List of known schizophrenics Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Saraste, Hein| title = Fairly Schizo: Life of Kalevi Rinne| publisher = Into| year = 2011| id = ISBN 978-952-2640-72-7}} On topic elsewhere Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

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Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

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Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

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Question: Where does schizophrenia arise?

schizophrenia

Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

The history of Ireland began in the Mesolithic Stone Age around 6000 years BCE.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

The Celts colonized the island in the early Iron Age.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Ireland of fragmented tribal kingdoms ended up being conquered first by the Vikings and then by the Normans.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

For centuries, Ireland, greatly affected by English occupation, is now divided into the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Prehistory and Early Christian Period Stone and Bronze Age The first inhabitants of Ireland are known based on archaeological finds.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

The island was inhabited in the Mesolitic Stone Age.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

The first inhabitants were hunter-gatherers who probably came to Ireland from Scandinavia via Scotland.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

The art of farming spread to the region around 3000 BCE, when people migrated to the island from Iberia.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

[1] The Irish Neolithic period began around 3000 BCE.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Many megalithic tombs have survived from that period, including dolmens and aisle tombs.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

[2] The Bronze Age began in Ireland around 2000 BCE.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

and ended around 500 BCE.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

[3] The Iron Age and Roman Age in the Iron Age circa the year 500 BCE.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

began a series of migratory waves, resulting in the spread of Celts on the ground.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

[4] The Celts merged with previous inhabitants, thus also shaping Irish as a separate Celtic language.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

However, in prehistory Ireland did not achieve political unity, but remained a trickery field for tribes fighting among themselves.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

[5] Ireland's population remained relatively small, with around 500,000 inhabitants in the first century.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

[6] The Romans called Ireland Hibernia.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Klaudios Ptolemy told in 100 share.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

On the geography and tribes of Ireland.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Ireland was never an official part of the Roman Empire; however, Roman influence spread to its territory.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

According to Tacitus, the exiled Irish prince had accompanied Gnaeus Julius Agricola to Britain to usurp power in Ireland.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

According to Juvenalis, Roman troops were taken to Ireland.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Scholars have also argued that Gaelic troops supported by the Romans began some form of invasion of land in the 100th year.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

around, but relations between Rome and “Hibernia” are still shrouded in obscurity.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

By the early Celtic period, Ireland had been divided into up to 150 tribal kingdoms (túath).


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

[7] In the early part of the Christian period, Ireland had been divided into five larger provinces, namely Ulster, Munster (An Mhumhain), Leinster (Laighin), Connacht (Connachta) and Meath (An Mhí).


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

At the beginning, the most notable of the provinces was Ulster ruled by Niall Noígíallach.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Upon Niall's death in the early 4th century, power passed to Meath.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

[2] The spread of Christianity Irish pirates raided the west coast of Britain.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

They established entirely new kingdoms in Scotland, Wales and Cornwall.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Attacots in southern Leinster served from the 3rd century to the end of the century in the Roman army.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

According to traditional narratives, St. Patrick arrived in Ireland in 432 and began converting Irish pagans to Christianity.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

[5] However, no evidence has been found for a year of arrival in accordance with tradition, and most likely he did not arrive on the island until either the 460's or 490s.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Christianity had spread to the island, however, in the past.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Germanus Auxerrelaine had already sent Palladius in 431, with the permission of Pope Celestine I, to the island.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

[2] Palladius likely served as bishop for Irish Christians in Leinster and the Kingdom of Meath.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

[8] It is possible that Christianity had been brought home to Ireland by merchants or slaves who had been plundered from Britain and Gaul.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

In any case, the advent of Christianity into Ireland was one of the events that most affected the island's history.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Patrick is generally perceived as the custodian of the tribal and social model.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

He is also known as a legislator who changed laws to the extent that earlier laws contradicted Christian principles.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

He is also known for his work on the Latin alphabet which, with the help of Irish monks, he preserved parts of the oral traditions of the Celtic language.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

However, the accuracy of these claims has been questioned and there is no consensus on them.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

In any case, there were Christians in Ireland even before Patrick's arrival and pagans for a long time after his death.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

It is clear, however, that Patrick played a pivotal role in transforming Irish society.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

The Druid tradition gradually died away.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Middle Ages Early Medieval Irish culture Irish scholars excelled in the study of Latin and Christian theology in monasteries.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Missionaries leaving Ireland spread knowledge of the growing erudition to England and continental Europe, which enabled a number of scientists to come to Irish monasteries from abroad.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

The renovation and isolation of the monasteries helped preserve Latin in the Early Middle Ages.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

The arts evolved to include literature, metal working, and sculpting.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Art treasures emerged from the Book of Kells, richly decorated with jewels, as well as many exquisitely engraved stone crosses across the island.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

[5] Years 500 to 900 are therefore considered the golden age of Ireland.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

At that time, urbanisation also began in Ireland, thanks to the monastic establishment, as population centres began to grow around the monasteries.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

The circle and headland fortresses are among the most significant architectural achievements of the time.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

[8] The English first meddled in Irish affairs.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

In 684 divide.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

an English explorer penetrated on commission from Ecgfrith, King of Northumbria, into Ireland.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

English troops then penetrated the country taking prisoners of war and pillaging the area.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

However, this expedition of conquest was short-lived.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

The next expedition of conquest by the English did not head to Ireland until nearly half a millennium away in 1169, when the Normans conquered the country.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Viking Wars Documents indicate that the first expedition of conquest by Norse Vikings targeted Lambay Island off the coast of Dublin in 795.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Early Viking conquest expeditions were ephemeral and small.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

However, they brought an end to the golden age of Christian culture in Ireland, and the Irish began 200 years of fragmented warfare against Viking conquers who plundered monasteries and towns throughout Ireland.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Most of the early Vikings came to Ireland from the fjords of western Norway.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

[9] Gradually, the Vikings settled down and established cities on the coasts and began to trade.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Dublin (Baile Átha Cliath, formerly Duibhlinn in Irish), Wicklow (Cill Mhantáin), Waterford (Port Láirge), Arklow (An TinbHear Mór), Limerick (Lom na neach) and Wexford (Loch Garman) are, in their beginnings, Viking ports.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

[9] In 852, Viking leaders Ivar Ragnarsson (Ivar Beinlaus) and Olaf the White (Olaf White) beached themselves in Dublin Bay, establishing a fortress in the area of the present city of Dublin.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Olaf was the son of a Norwegian king and crowned himself king of Dublin.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Norwegians and Irish intermingled over generations.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

The descendants of Ivar Ragnarrson formed a long line of reigns in Dublin, from where they largely controlled almost the entire island.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

In 1014, however, at the Battle of Clontarf (Cluain Tarbh), the Irish joined forces under Brian Ború and Maelsechlainn II, King of Meath, against the Vikings and succeeded in breaking their political power in Ireland.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

However, Brian Ború was killed in connection with the battle, leaving Ireland politically splintered.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

[10] The Normans — the first “English conquest” after the Vikings came the Normans.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

These were descendants of Vikings who had settled in French Normandy and given the province its name.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Under William the Conqueror, the Normans had subjugated their dominion over England after 1066.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

They arrived in Ireland in 1169 when Diarmuid Mac Murchadha, king of the province of Leinster, allied himself with Richard Fitz Gilbert de Clare of Normandy against King Tiarnán Ó Ruairc of Connacht.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

This was the first “English conquest” of Ireland, actually the Normandy French conquest.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Richard de Clare, also known as Strongbow, thus became acquired by Ireland, or mainly its eastern parts, in semi-damage as the territory of the English Crown.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

For the next few centuries, the kings of England tried to bring about some order in Ireland, but due to the incompatibility of English and Irish laws, among other things, the succession of nobles went into disarray and the whole island fell into a state of chaos when one was not sure as to which law must be followed.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Mayhem and minor wars marked Irish life.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

As' vindicated 'by Hadrian IV's papacy Laudabiliter-Bulla, Henry II beached with a large fleet at Waterford in 1171.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

He thus became the first English king to have put his foot down on Irish soil.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Henry II, however, gave his Irish territories to his son, John, with the title of Lord of Ireland (Dominus Hiberniae, Lord of Ireland).


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

When John unexpectedly followed his brother to the throne, he became King John and Ireland passed directly under the English crown.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

The Lordship of Ireland and the weakening of the Norman nobility In the early s, the Normans controlled the entire east coast from Waterford all the way to eastern Ulster, encroaching all the way to Galway, Kerry and Mayo.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

The country's most important ruler was then the Irish-Norman Lord of Leinster from 1171, the Earl of Meath from 1172, the Earl of Ulster from 1205, the Earl of Connaught from 1236, the Earl of Kildare from 1316, the Earl of Ormonde from 1328 and the Earl of Desmond from 1329 controlling the area.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Feudally, the territories belonged to the King of London.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

The first Lord of Ireland was King John, who visited Ireland in 1185 and 1210and stabilized Norman-controlled territories.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

At the same time, many Irish kings swore allegiance to this.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Throughout the 13th century, the goal of the kings of England was to weaken the power of the Norman lords in Ireland.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

King John, for example, encouraged Hugh de Lacy to destabilise and depose John de Courcy's rule as Lord of Ulster.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Following this, in 1210 John conquered Meath and Ulster taking power in both earldoms.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

1241 The Earl of Meath, Walter de Lacy, died without a male heir and Meath was divided between the latter's two granddaughters in 1245.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

On the death of the last Lord of Leinster, Anselm Marhsall, Leinster was divided among his five daughters into five counties, Kildare, Laois, Carlow, Kilkenny and Wexford.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

The Irish Norman community suffered from a series of ill-fated events that led to the decay of these settlements and power.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Early New Age Prostration of the Irishmen of the Island emerged as the so-called Geraldines, the Irish noble family of Normandy origin of Fitzgerald aka Mac Gearailt — the Earls of Kildare (Cill Dara).


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

In the 1530s, King Henry VIII of England took harsh action to stump the Geraldines: he captured the reigning earl, slain his rebellious son, and distributed the lands of the Geraldines to the English colonists.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Because of his marital mess, Henry sacked the Church of England from Roman rule and plundered the monasteries of Ireland.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

The final subjugation of the Irish continued under Elizabeth I, who was forced to wage war before the rest against the Ulsters led by Aodh (Hugh) Ó Néill in the last years of the 16th century (the so-called Nine Years' War).


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Ó Néill was eventually defeated at the Battle of Kinsale (Cionn TsÁile) in 1601, despite reinforcements sent by Catholic Spaniards.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Ulster had been subjugated, and Ulster clan chiefs went into exile in 1607.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

The incident was subsequently known as the “escape of the earls” (the Flight of the Earls, in Irish Imeacht na Niarlaí).


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

[11] “Plantations” After this, Elizabeth's successor James I began the “plantations” (plantations, iir.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

plandálacha) to Ireland, especially Ulster.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

The aim was the instillation of English culture in Ireland and the eradication of the remnants of the Gaelic clan establishment [12].


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Now that England was becoming stigmatized as a Protestant country, and the folksy Christianity of the Irish had to be regarded mainly as Catholicism, religious opposites defined who was Irish and who was English.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

The lands of the Catholics were taken and the best plots were distributed to Protestants.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Conflicts among the populations of Northern Ireland also originate from these times.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Oliver Cromwell in Ireland James I and his successor Charles I attempted to consolidate in England the king's power at the expense of Parliament.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

This led to a civil war between the pro-kingship party, the so-called cavaljeers, and the pro-Parliamentarians, led by Oliver Cromwell, in the 1640s.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

In this case, the Irish rose in revolt on Charles's side in the hope that this in return would restore some of their old rights.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

The Keropheads won the war, however, and Cromwell, who had risen to become a dictator appointed by Parliament after the king's beheading, invaded Ireland with his premiership soldiers, the so-called Iron Flanks (the Ironsides), into Ireland in 1649.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

[13] Cromwell widely eradicated Ireland, and his iron flanks committed massacres: before the rest, the killing of the inhabitants of the town of Drogheda (Droichead Átha) provokes even more bad blood in Ireland.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

At the end of his war expedition, Cromwell, under threat of death, expelled the Catholic inhabitants of much of the eastern parts of Ireland to the rugged western province of Connacht (“To Hell or Connaught!”


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

- to hell or to Connaught).


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

[14] William the Oranian and the exodus of wild geese The post-Cromwell Restoration again brought the kings of the House Stuart to power in England, first Charles II and then James II in 1685. to its popularity.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

This did not please the parliament, which appointed the new-king, William Oranian from the Protestant Netherlands.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

James II was forced to flee England, but he rallied an army of his Irish sympathizers — the Jacobites — in his support.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

A group of James's soldiers prepared to settle into a house in Londonderry (Doire), but a group of Protestant racers — the Apprentice Boys — intercepted the keys and locked the city gates.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Protestants in Northern Ireland still celebrate the cat boys as their heroes.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

In April 1689, James was already in Ireland himself and began the Siege of Londonderry, which lasted months and killed numerous Protestants in the city by starvation, but in July William the Oranian's ships came to the city's aid.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

This siege too, The Siege, is an important event for the identity of Northern Irish Protestants.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Protestants slogan no surrender!


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

refers precisely to the siege.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

The decisive battle between William of Oranian and the Jacobites was fought on the Boyne River (An Bhóinn) on 11 July 1690.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

However, the Catholics continued their desperate rebellion under Patrick Sarsfield (Pádraig Sáirseal) for another year until Sarsfield's troops agreed to go into exile in France.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

This was called the “escape of wild geese” (engl.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

The Flight of the Wild Geese, iir.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Éalú na nGéanna Fiáine).


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Long years of repression Now came into force the harsh repressive laws, the Penal Laws, na Péindlíthe, which denied Catholics land ownership altogether.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

The Irish no longer had their own chiefs nor warriors, but in exaggeration they did not come under the protection of English laws.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

The Irish language remained to live only as genocalites, but survived simply because the Irish speaking Catholic rah had to live entirely outside legitimate society.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

The Grattan Parliament in the 18th century as the upper class of Ireland was operated by a new English-speaking, Protestant population, the Ascendancy.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

This class, of course, did not identify with the Catholic poor, but had a degree of conception of Ireland as a distinct political unit with vested interests.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Ireland had its own parliament, which, under Henry Grattan, managed in 1782 to acquire quite independent status after the English were forced to take most of their army out of the country to fight against the American colonies seeking independence.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

However, Grattan's parliament failed to substantially change conditions in Ireland, with no consensus on the rights of Catholics.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

National Awakening The Year of the French and the Law of Union in France erupted in 1789 with a revolution whose ideas inspired libertarian intellectuals in Ireland as well.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

The Protestants of Belfast (Béal Feirste) founded the United Irishmen, whose power figure emerged as the young Theobald Wolfe Tone, a Protestant he too.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

The aim of Tone and his supporters was to unite Catholic and “dissident” Protestant groups, before the rest of the Presbyterian Church, under the same banner to fight for an independent Ireland with the support of France.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

On the other hand, the Oranian Brotherhood of Ulster Protestants loyal to the king was also established around this time.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Wolfe Tone then sought help from the French, and in 1796 a large French fleet turned up at Bantry Bay (Bá Bheanntraí) on the south coast of Ireland with a frighteningly large army.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

However, fierce gale-force winds scattered the fleet all over the sea and nothing came of the landings.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

In 1798, the Irish tried again, this time with the help of the French.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

The year was named “Year of the French” - the year of the French, bliain na BHFrancach.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

General Humbert's troops came ashore at Killala (Cill Eala) on the coast of County Mayo (Maigh Eo), and a major mutiny broke out at Wexford (Loch Garman) when “Father Murphy set the heather ablaze” (Father Murphy set the heather blazing), as sung in the battle song Boolavogue.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

However, both Father Murphy's rebellion and General Humbert's invasion were unsuccessful, and soon after them, Tone, who accompanied the new French fleet, was already at sea captured by the English and subsequently executed.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Those rebellions which occurred in the “Year of the Frenchmen” - especially to mention the Battle of Vinegar Hill, (iir.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Chnoc Fíodh na gCaor) - neither were quite to the liking of early republicans like Wolfe Tone.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Instead of cooperating, secret societies (rúnchumainn) of Catholic and Protestant peasants ended up fighting each other and murdering civilians of another denomination.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

The Protestants, rattled by the violence of the Catholics, lost interest in the secessionism represented by the Grattan Parliament and took refuge in the protection of the English crown: in 1800 Ireland was annexed with England as part of the same state by the Act of Union (Act of Union).


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

[5] Justice fighter Daniel O'Connell, after the Union Act, rebelling was allowed to recede from the path of legality: in the early 19th century the Irish cause began to be pursued by the lawyer Daniel O'Connell.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

His aim was to make the Irish equal subjects to the king, the “West Britons”.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

A nationalist he was not, nor was the status of the Irish language interested him, even though it was his mother tongue.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

He founded the Catholic Association, which, as a mass organisation, became a major peaceful pressure group to improve Catholic rights.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

In 1828 O'Connell was elected to Parliament, but as the repressive laws were still in place, he was unable to take his seat.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

However, the uproar over the issue led to the enactment of the first Catholics Freedom Act.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

However, the liberation proceeded so slowly that he too became radicalised and began calling for the dismantling of the Union Act.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

However, he was not to lead a very rebellious popular movement, so he soon ended up in prison and lost his health there.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

He died in 1847, already after his release from prison.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Great Famine In 1845-52, Ireland was hit by a severe famine from which the country never recovered.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Potato plague spread from America, galar dubh na bprátaí, which deprived the only food crop from the poorest folk part of Ireland.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

The country fell into turmoil and no relief was received because the abundant quantities of grain cultivated in Ireland were intended for export.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

The British government had tied its hands with liberal economic policy principles, so confiscating grain by state coercive action was not a question.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

This was later interpreted by Irish nationalists as having been deliberately starved to death by an inheritor and oppressor: the memories of the years of disappearance, drochshaol in Irish, or “bad life”, must</i>have strongly spurred the rise of nationality in Ireland.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Also, emigration to America grew to dizzying numbers.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

During those years, Ireland's population declined from the combined effect of famine, disease and emigration from about eight million to about four million.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

The Land Conflict and Rise of the Nationality Cause After the Famine, the Irish were not punched into a new political struggle until the 1870s.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Now it was land reform requirements: the poor farming population grew tired of constant evictions and rose into the so-called land war organised by the Land League (Land League), founded by Michael Davitt, with the support of Parliamentarian Charles Stewart Parnell.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

In 1881, a law suppressing land conflict, the Land Act, was enacted, but Parnell now devoted himself to the Irish question of self-government (known as home rule).


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

However, despite the support of British Liberal leader William Ewart Gladstone, Parnell failed to get home rule through, and when his affair with a married woman was exposed, the party of home rule supporters dissolved and Parnell himself perished in 1891 under the strains caused by the shaming case.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

When home rule went unattainable, the Irish concentrated on cultural nationalist activities, cared for, among others, by the Gaelic Athletic Association (Cumann Lúthchleas Gael), a federation of national sports founded in 1884, and the Irish language federation Gaelic League (Conradh na Gaeilge).


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Political nationalists again flocked to the [15] Sinn Féin party (sinn féin is Irish and means “we ourselves”), founded in 1905 under Arthur Griffith (Art Ó Gríofa).


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

All three organisations were infiltrated by the ultra-nationalist Phoenix organisation Irish Republican Brotherhood, and they began to become radicalised.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

However, moderate, democratic nationalism was still mainstream, and its supporters supported John Redmond's Irish Parliamentary Party.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Easter Rebellion Ireland's domestic political situation escalated to a looming one on the eve of the First World War: first, workers inclined to socialism rioted and picketed under James Connolly and Jim Larkin, and at the end of the day armed private armies began to emerge in the country.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

The Nationalist Volunteer Organisation Irish Volunteers (Óglaigh na hÉireann), founded to support claims of self-government, gained members from all corners of the country; the unions again established their own Socialist Guard, the Irish Citizen Army.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

The Protestants, under the leadership of Edward Carson, established their own voluntary organisation in Ulster.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

The country was on the brink of civil war, but World War I broke out first and put Irish domestic politics on ice.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Most of the volunteers joined the army.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

However, some of the Catholic volunteers refused to leave for Belgium.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Together with Connolly, Patrick Pearse organised a conspiracy whose purpose was to raise Ireland into rebellion at Easter 1916.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

However, Volunteers leader Eoin MacNeill caught wind of the issue, declaring, with major newspaper announcements, that “Easter Week parades had been cancelled.”


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

The failure to import twenty thousand Mosin Nagant rifles and a substantial batch of cartridges promised by Germany in Banna Bay just in the run-up to Easter contributed to the issue.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

On the same occasion Roger Casement was captured by the English.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Thus Pearse could not mobilise but a small proportion of volunteers armed, so the rebellion became nothing more than a dramatic gesture: Pearse read the Irish Republic's Declaration of Independence from the steps of the main post office, after which the rebellion was suppressed in bloody by British General John Maxwell's troops street battles, destroying e.g.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

part of Dublin city centre with cannon fire.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

General Maxwell and his men were a hardened crowd in the trenches of World War I who used force considerably more than they would have needed to.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Among other things, a gunboat was brought to the River Liffey, which began shelling the trade union headquarters.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Civilians died from both cannon fire and soldiers' bullets and bayonets.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

A particularly bad reputation was achieved by Captain Bowen Colthurst, who apparently on a whim killed or killed, among other things, three reporters as well as the well-known pacifist intellectual Francis Sheehy-Skeffington.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

In the aftermath of the rebellion, all the leaders except Eamon de Valera, a US citizen, were shot in Kilmainham prison - among them wounded tied to a chair - and even moderate nationalists imprisoned.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Among other things, Mac Néill, who attempted to prevent the rebellion, was sentenced to life.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

As a result of such arbitrariness, the Irish, who had initially been mostly against rebellion, turned against the English.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Period of Independence From the War of Independence to Civil War The suppression of the Easter Rebellion did not mean the suffocation of Irish nationalism.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

On the contrary, while nationalists - both extremist and more moderate - sat in a British prison camp, resentment grew and restraint crumbled.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

The executions bred defiance.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

At the 1918 general election, Sinn Féin, the party of ultra-nationalists, snatched a landslide victory, but instead of going to London for the Westminster Parliament, Sinn Féin set up their own parliament, Dáil Éireann, and declared Ireland an independent republic.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

War broke out between the Irish Volunteer Corps and the British.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

The Irish War of Independence was a brutal and bloody guerrilla war in which no civilians were spared.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

In addition to their army and police, the British resorted to distress from frontmen in the just-ended World War I to the cobbled auxiliary police corps and paramilitary formations who, because of their variegated uniform pattern, were given the mock name Black and Tans - “blacks and leather-brown.”


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

In particular, the latter mainly focused on terrorizing civilians, as they apparently lacked effective and professional leadership.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

In the summer of 1921, the British and Irish reached an agreement on an armistice, and a peace treaty was signed in December.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

[5] The Treaty made Ireland a self-governing free state as a British dominion, but left the six counties of Northern Ireland outside the Free State as part of the United Kingdom, whose official name henceforth has been the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Kingdom.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

The treaty was signed by the new state's premier, Michael Collins, but its opponents rose into civil war under Eamon de Valera.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Free State The civil war between free states and republicans lasted until 1923 and continued even after that time as isolated killings and lawlessness.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Several prominent nationalist leaders, including Collins, were assassinated or killed in the fighting.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Republican leaders were executed.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

The leadership of the country rose to the leadership of the Cumann na nGaedheal party, the predecessor of the current Fine Gael, under whose leadership the Free State was made “Catholic Ireland”.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

To combat sex, socialism and other decadence perceived as English-derived, severe censorship came into force, which writers went on the run to other countries with James Joyce and Samuel Beckett at their forefront.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Even translations of classical Irish literature were banned because of excessive gender descriptions while the opening text was peddled at subvented mock fare in the government's own bookstores.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

As a republic, the Free State was basically supposed to be the dominion of Great Britain, i.e. in the same position as Canada and Australia.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

However, the road inevitably veered towards a fully independent Republic of Ireland.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Eamon de Valera, who led opponents of the Free State, won the 1932 elections, dropping the Cumann na nGaedheal party of Free State supporters from the saddle.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

Now Ireland was ruled by de Valera's party, Fianna Fáil, and quite soon the Free State received a new constitution drafted by de Valera, usually referred to by the Irish name Bunreacht na hÉireann.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

The Constitution considered Ireland to be indivisible in principle; culturally it emphasised Ireland's particular Catholicism and the special status of religion more broadly, and the official name of the country became Saorstát na hÉireann</i>in, the Irish Free State, instead of just Éire.


Question: When did the Irish War of Independence end?

History of Ireland

The policy remained quite conservative, despite the fact that de Valera had been labelled a communist and Bolshevik from time to time by opponents.