Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[22] Several products had their own version of Symbian and at worst had over 50 in use, resulting in high product development costs.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[22] In September 2010, Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo was dismissed and succeeded by Canadian Stephen Elop.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[22] Shortly afterwards Anssi Vanjoki, who heads Nokia's Mobile Solutions unit, announced his resignation.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[22] [23] Vanjoki was another strong person in the company who had been a strong candidate to succeed Kallasvuo.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[23] Competition in the global smartphone market had intensified.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

Nokia dominated global markets but was threatened by new rivals in the United States and low-cost markets.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[24] [25] [26] Nokia announced in 2011 that it would abandon the Symbian operating system on its smartphones and begin collaborating with Microsoft and developing smartphones primarily using Microsoft's Windows Phone operating system.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

Around the same time, Nokia abandoned its Ovi brand.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

Nokia's app store Ovi-Store changed to Nokia Store.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

The name of Ovi-MAPS was also changed to Nokia MAPS.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

The company's first Windows Phone phones were the Nokia Lumia 800 and Lumia 710, which were presented at the Nokia World event in London on 26 October 2011.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[27] [28] Soon Nokia announced 6800 job cuts in research and product development and later 3500 job cuts from production.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[29] Nokia has been said to have set a Finnish record of 3700 redundancies in 2012.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[30] In June 2012, Nokia announced that it would close its Salo factory.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[31] Of the 3700 redundancies in Finland, 850 left the Salo mobile phone factory, the largest single redundancy in Finnish corporate history.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[32] The company employed more than 97000 people at the end of 2012.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

Revenue in 2012 was 30.2 billion euros and an operating loss of about two billion euros.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[33] In Finland, Nokia had 24495 employees in 2000, but this number had dropped to 15900 in 2012.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[34] In December 2012, Yle reported that Nokia's layoffs have caused relationship problems in Oulu, especially for parents of young children.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[35] In January 2013, Nokia's suspicions of tax evasion in India were cleared up to ministerial level.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[36] At the same time, Nokia announced that it would outsource 715 IT employees to Indian companies HCL Technologies and TATA Consultancy Services (TCS).


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[37] In February 2013, Nokia announced that it was laying off more than 200 employees from its information management.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[38] In April 2013, TCS announced that it would initiate joint negotiations regarding all persons transferred from Nokia in Finland.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[39] According to YTN Chairman Pertti Porokar, Nokia thus outsourced its redundancies to its subcontractors, as with Accenture in the past.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[40] On September 3, 2013, Nokia announced Microsoft would acquire the company's mobile phone business.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[41] At the same time, Stephen Elop, who was CEO of Nokia, moved to Microsoft.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

Risto Siilasmaa took over as interim general manager of Nokia and Timo Ihamuotila as CEO.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[42] Following the sale of the unit, Nokia focused on leading Nokia Solutions & Networks (NSN) in its respective divisions, the HERE business and the Advanced Technologies business.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[43] Microsoft will pay a little more than the previously announced EUR 5.44 billion for the purchase.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

The M&A came to fruition in April 2014.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

Nokia had less than 7000 employees in Finland in 2014.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[44] On August 3, 2015, Nokia announced that it would sell HERE to German car manufacturers: Audi, BMW and Daimler.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

The transaction was consummated in the first quarter of 2016.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[45] [46] As a result of the Alcatel-Lucent deal, Nokia announced massive layoffs in Finland on April 6, 2016.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[47] In the summer of 2015, it was announced that Nokia was planning to start designing mobile phones.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[48] In spring 2016, Nokia announced that it would give access to its trademark to Finnish company HMD Global in the manufacture of mobile phones and tablets.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[49] History of online business In 1981, Nokia acquired Televa's majority share and renamed it Telenokia Ltd.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[50] In 1992, Nokia acquired the state's stake in Telenokia, giving it the name Nokia Telecommunications.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[51] In October 1999, the company was renamed Nokia Networks due to its focus on telecommunications networks.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[52] In 2007, Nokia and Siemens merged their network businesses under the name Nokia Siemens Networks (NSN).


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[51] In the summer of 2013, Nokia acquired Siemens half of the company, thus becoming Nokia's subsidiary Nokia Solutions and Networks (NSN) [53] In 2014, the network business had already become Nokia's main business, the loss-making mobile business was sold to Microsoft, NSN was renamed Nokia Networks and its CEO Rajeev Sur became the new CEO of all of Nokia.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[51] [54] Organisation Industry Groups The Nokia organization consisted of three industry groups as of July 1, 2010, namely Mobile Solutions, Mobile Phones and Markets.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

Mobile Solutions: Smartphones and mobile computers.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

Internet services under the Ovi brand, with priorities maps, navigation, music, messaging services and media.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

Mobile Phones: Low cost mobile phones and services included.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

Markets: Supply chain and sales channels, brand and marketing functions and solutions.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

Apart from these, subsidiaries Nokia Networks and Navteq were central.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

Nokia Networks: Wireless and fixed network solutions and services for operators and other telecommunications service providers.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

Navteq: Provider of digital map data and related spatial content and services to automotive, wireless navigation devices, InteNet map services, and government and enterprise systems.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

Nokia's administration Nokia's CEO is Rajeev Suri.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

The previous interim CEO was Timo Ihamuotila.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

On September 3, 2013, previous CEO Stephen Elop took over as head of the Devices & Services unit.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

Elop took over from Microsoft to Nokia in September 2010 when his predecessor, Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo, was sacked from his CEO position.


Question: What year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

Nokia brand value According to market research firm Millward Brown in 2009, Nokia had the 13th most valuable brand in the world.


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

From the previous listing, the Nokia brand had fallen four places.


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

Nokia's brand was valued at $35.2 billion, according to Millward Brown's calculations.


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

The value of the brand had fallen by a fifth from the year before, when it had totaled nearly $44 billion.


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

In 2007, the brand was valued at $31.7 billion.


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[55] Nokia was the most valuable non-US brand in the world, ranked 8th.


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[56] The US-based magazine BusinessWeek, on the other hand, rated Nokia as the fifth most valuable trademark in the world in 2007, calculating its brand value at that time at $33.7 billion (approximately EUR 25 billion).


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[57] According to an Interbrand report, in 2009 Nokia was the fifth best global brand in the world.


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

Nokia was in the same position since 2007.


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[58] Nokia had an estimated 39% market share in the fourth quarter of 2009.


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[59] According to Fortune magazine's annual Most Admired Companies comparison, in 2011, Nokia disappeared from among the world's 350 most admired companies, although the company was still ranked 41 the year before.


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

ranked.


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[60] Nokia fell off the list of 100 most prestigious brands in 2012.


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[61] In 2013, Nokia's brand value had dropped to number 57.


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[62] Nokia share is listed on the Helsinki, New York and Paris stock exchanges [63].


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

Nokia Plc is the largest company on the Helsinki Stock Exchange by turnover, and its share is the most traded share on the Helsinki Stock Exchange.


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

At the end of 2012, 27% of the company's shares were owned by Finns, and there were more than 250000 registered shareholders.


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

The market value of Nokia's shares at the end of 2014 was 23.9 billion.


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

€ (2012:10.9 billion [64]).


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

Nokia's share has peaked at €64.88 [65] and its lowest in the 2000s at €1.33.


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[66] The logo used by Nokia is the logo of Nokia Limited Liability Company.


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[67] (Established in Tampere 1865, incorporated with Nokia 1871.)


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

Logo of Nokia Limited Company (1965).


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[68] The logo of Nokia's predecessor, Suomen Kumitehdas Oy 1965—1986.


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

Nokia's “arrow logo” before the introduction of the Connecting People logo (c.1987—1991).


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

The Connecting People slogan invented by Ove Strandberg (1992).


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[69] (Typography was revised in 2006, see


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

next logo) Nokia logo from 2006 to 2011.


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

Nokia logo since 2011.


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

(Slogan “Connecting People” was removed [70]) logo of Nokia Networks.


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

Ratings of Nokia's activities through the Company's subcontractors have been informed that Nokia would pursue a dictation policy, and employee representatives have also publicly criticised the company's policies.


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[71] In Germany, Nokia's activities heated opinions in early 2008, when the company closed a mobile phone factory in Bochum (300 jobs) and shifted production of cheaper labour to Romania.


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

Kurt Beck, chairman of the Social Democrats, said in an interview with Bild am Sonntag newspaper that “there will be no Nokia phones in his home from now on.”


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

German trade union confederation DGB called for a boycott of Nokia products, and Chancellor Angela Merkel demanded an explanation from Nokia why the Bochum plant had closed.


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

There was also discussion in Germany that subsidies received by Nokia should be clawed back.


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

The management of the Bochum plant's occupational department organized demonstrations, and there was at least one complete stoppage of work at the factory.


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[72] Nokia's Bochum plant was the last mobile phone factory of any company in Germany.


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[73] [74] Financial journalist Risto Pennanen has speculated that the Bochum plant would hardly have been shut down as “rudely” if Nokia had thought about it not only in terms of legal and economic matters, but also in terms of communication.


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

According to him, Nokia is trying with all its might to look effective and profitable.


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

For investors, it is important, but the image that has been created does not attract people to buy mobile phones.


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[71] Deficiencies in the Nokia subcontracting chain have also been assessed.


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

The surveys have identified workers' insecure employment relationships and inadequate wages for living as problematic.


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[75] According to Olli-Pekka Kallasvuo, Steve Jobs criticized Nokia in 2008 for its lack of a software platform.


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[21] The music store launched by Nokia on 11 March 2008 [76] receives criticism that the service is only powered by the Internet Explorer browser and the music is DRM-protected [77].


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

In the past, Nokia has been criticized for not compiling the Nokia PC Suite for other operating systems such as Linux and Mac OS X.


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

Ari Hakkarainen, author of the Nokia book Price of Success, speculated in autumn 2009 that Nokia has not been successful in the online business.


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

The reason may also be that Nokia lacks the patience needed for a global project, when quarter results are often more important than far-reaching projects.


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[78] Environmental problems In 1982, poison barrels containing the environmental poison PCB were secretly scuttled from waste storage at the Nokia capacitor plant in southwestern Finland.


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

According to Nokia's chief information officer, the company acted legally and was the victim of fraud.


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[79] The Nokia capacitor factory discharged its waste water in the 1980s in Tampere in Hatanpää to Vine Kanoi in Pyhäjärvi.


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

The concentrations of PCB measured in bivalve molluscs in the region in the early 2000s exceeded maximum limits by up to 800 times.


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

[80] Afora Oy Airam Electric Ab (formerly Oy Airam Ab) Draka NK Cables (formerly Nokia Cable) Filtronic LK Oy (formerly LK-Products Oy) Kemira Chemicals (formerly Finnish Chemicals Oy, before Nokia Chemical) SCA Tissue Finland Oy (former Finnish Chemicals Oy) Nokia Paper and Georgia-Pacific Nordic Oy) PKC Group Plc (formerly Nokia Johinkharjat Oy) Prysmian Cables and Systems Oy Micro Analog Systems Oy (formerly Micronas Oy) Microsoft Mobile Oy (before differentiation Devices & Services unit) Nextrom SA, Beneq Oy and Maillefer Extrusion Ltd. former Nokia Cable Machines, late.


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

Nokia-Maillefer) Grid Solutions (formerly Alstom Grid Oy, Nokian Capacitors Oy, Nokia Capacitors Oy) Nokian Footwear (now part of Berner Company) Nokia Tyres Plc Nordic Aluminium Oyj Salcomp Oy Teknikum-Yritööt Oy Vertu Ltd HERE See also Nokia tune Jedem das Seine (Nokia brand failure, brand failure, engl.


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

brand failure) Lex Nokia List of Nokia Products Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Doz, Yves — Wilson, Keeley| title = Ringtone: Exploring the Rise and Fall of Nokia in Mobile Phones| location = Oxford| publisher = Oxford University Press| year = 2017| isbn = 978-0-19-877719-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hakkarainen, Ari| title = Price of success.


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

The story of Nokia mobile phones in a world of navel-staring businessmen and crazy frogs | location = Helsinki| publisher = Readme.fi| year = 2009| version=( Behind the Screen: Nokia's Success Story in an Industry of Navel-gazing Executives and Crazy Frogs, 2009.)


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

Translated by Marko Niemi| id = ISBN 978-952-220-112-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Häikiö, Martti| title = Nokia: Journey to the top of the world| location = Helsinki| publisher = Edita| year = 2009| id = ISBN 978-951-37-5492-1}} Citation, error replace with {{cite book| author = Häikiö, Martti| title = Nokia Plc history 1—3| location = Helsinki| publisher = Edita| year = 2001| id = ISBN 951-37-3467-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lindén, Carl-Gustav| title = Nokia och Finland: Rapport från de galna åren| location = Helsingfors| publisher = Schildts & Söderströms| year = 2015| isbn = 978-951-52-3716-3| language = (in Swedish)}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Palm-Joronen, Anne-Liisa| title = Nokia years: What can be learned from management| id = Atena| year = 2010| = ISBN 978-951-79-6644-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Steinbock, Dan| title = Winning Across Global Markets: How Nokia Creates Strategic Advantage in a Fast-Changing World| publisher = Jossey Bass| year= 2010| id = ISBN 978-0470339664| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only use for File namespace.


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.}


Question: In what year was Nokia founded?

Nokia (company)

On topic elsewhere Yle Livinen archive: Yle Livinen archive: * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

Simo Häjat () was a Finnish soldier in the Winter War against the Soviet Union.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

He is considered one of the most effective marksmen of all time.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

The number of Red Army soldiers shot by the Red Army during the three months of war has been put at up to 542 men (505 or more soldiers).


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

Other estimates put this figure at around 200.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

[1] [2] Häjat himself claims in his memory hatred to have shot some 500 soldiers.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

[3] Red Army soldiers named Häyha the “White Death” () [4].


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

Family background and adolescence Simo Häinen, nicknamed Simuna, was born in Karelia in Rautjärvi and was the second youngest child of an eight-person family.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

He attended a national school in Miettilä and farmed his home farm together with his eldest brother.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

[5] The family was diligently engaged in fishing and hunting.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

[6] Patronage and military service Immediately after turning 17, Häkä joined the Rautjärvi Patron Council, where he practiced his marksmanship skills, succeeding in the shooting championships of the Vyborg Patronage District.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

[5] [7] In 1925, Häinen started 15 months of military service in Raivola, Bicycle Battalion 2 in Valkjärvi.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

Häjä attended a sub-officer school and completed his service as a conscript sub-officer in Bicycle Battalion 1 in Terijoki.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

However, Häjä did not receive training as a marksman until more than nine years after his conscript service at Ut.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

[5] Winter War in the Winter War (30 November 1939 — 6 March 1940), Häieha was assigned as a sniper and served in the position right up to his severe wounding in the final stages of the war.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

Häjat served, among others, on the Kolla Front in the 6th Company of Infantry Regiment 34's Aarne “Moroccan Terror” Juutiinen [8].


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

Achievements as a sniper According to some sources, such as Robert Brantberg, a writer specialising in military history, Häkä fired up to 542 Red Army soldiers with a rifle.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

[9] According to an article by historian Adjunct Professor Risto Marjomaa, published by the National Biography, the correct casualty figure could be around 200 soldiers [2], which even makes him one of the most effective snipers of all time.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

[10] The number of enemies killed by Häyha did not count those fired with a submachine gun in his capacity as squad leader, which according to some sources numbered more than 200.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

[11] The official number of Soviet soldiers killed by a rifle as a sniper was based on observations by a specially appointed observer or fellow combatants.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

[9] No counts were made with multiple shooters firing at the same target.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

Häjat made all his kills within just three months before he was wounded.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

According to Brandtberg, Häieha, among other things, shot a record twenty-five Soviet soldiers in a single day, on 21 December 1939, which, when he returned to the “dugout”, could only report by mentioning the figure “twenty-five”.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

[11] [5] The total balance of the three Christmas days was 51 men.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

[9] Of course, the result of the hit could not be verified, as the targets were on the side of the Russians.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

[2] It is further complicated by the fact that Häyha's achievements were used as a means of propaganda: at an early stage the press built a hero myth around Häyha.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

[10] Tactics Hää used his patronage weapon, the early production model Sako M/28-30 “Spittear” rifle (patronage number S60974) in his marksman mission, and unlike his Soviet opponents, he favoured open sights over binoculars.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

With an open sight, it was possible to obtain a faster sight than with a binocular sight, the glass of which additionally fogged easily in winter.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

The binocular sight also occasionally reflected light, while revealing the shooter's position.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

[9] The binocular sight would also have required the head to be raised a few centimeters higher, which may have been fatal.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

To equip herself for cold conditions, she put a lot of clothes on.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

The worst frost was -37.6 degrees in Kuusamo, for example.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

[12] According to Doc Tapio Saarelainen, who wrote a biography on Häyhä [13], Häkä, who earned his living as a farmer, knew nature and was able to use it effectively even in battles.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

For example, to the fireposts he had carefully prepared, he moved well before the day dawned, leaving them only after sunset.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

He stored pieces of sugar and pieces of bread in his pockets for a day, from which it was possible to obtain energy, at the time when he had to be motionless in fire stations for hours.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

Häjat said she was numb at the end of the day despite the thick layer of clothing.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

[11] Häät also developed shooting tactics and techniques specifically suitable for winter conditions.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

Among other things, he froze a hange with water so as not to fly snow at launch, as well as keeping snow in his mouth so that water vapor from breathing would not expose him.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

Thick clothing equalized pulse and breathing.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

Even the diminutive size was useful when hiding from the enemy.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

The longest distance from which Hää reportedly fired an enemy sniper is about 450 metres.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

[14] Wounding Hää was seriously wounded on the Kolla front on 6 March 1940.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

He received an explosive bullet fired by the enemy to the left side of his face.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

[15] The lower part of his face was mutilated, and his jawbone was crushed.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

[6] He was evacuated unconscious from his back, and did not regain consciousness until 13 March, the day peace was declared.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

After being wounded, a rumour spread to the Finnish troops that Häjat would have died of his injuries.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

[9] Häyhä was treated at the 30th Military Hospital in Kinkomaa at the 30th Military Hospital in Jyväskylä and then in Helsinki at Hospital Beehinen and SPR Invalid Hospital.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

The injury required lengthy treatments and multiple surgeries after the war.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

The jawbone was repaired with a bone taken from Häyha's hip.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

Due to the severity of the injury, Häyhä, despite his plea, was not admitted to the Continuation War.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

[6] After discharge from the hospital, Häkä cultivated his home farm for the duration of the Continuation War.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

[5] In peace making, Finland surrendered almost half of Rautjärvi.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

The farm remained in territory ceded to the Soviet Union.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

[14] Honours Häyha was awarded the 1st and 2nd Class Medals of Liberty and generally only the 3rd and 4th Class Crosses of Liberty awarded to officers.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

[14] As an extra note, Häieha received a civilian series M/28-30 “Spittear” rifle made by Swedish Eugen Johansson on 17 February 1940 (The serial number of the rifle was #100 781.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

Häjat later handed the weapon over to the tradition room of the Karelian Jääkäribattalion, from where, after the abolition of the North Karelian Brigade, it moved to the collections of the War Museum.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

Häät had at that time shot 219 Red Army soldiers, according to one unofficial count.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

[2] Hää had previously received similar accolades including a pocket watch and wool gloves.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

The military staged a spectacular event about the handover of the gift rifle.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

[10] Shortly after the war, on 28 August 1940, Marshal Mannerheim promoted Häyha directly from corporal to valedictorian.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

[16] [6] Häyha was also the subject of a nomination motion for a Knight of the Mannerheim Cross in 1941.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

Although some of the Mannerheim cross representations of the Winter War are starkly short with justification, Häyha's proposal was even short compared to them.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

The show, however, remained in “consideration.”


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

[17] Häät received the silver version number 4 of the Kolla Fighters Cross.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

[14] [11] After the war, Häinen worked as a farmer in Ruokolahti.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

Häjat hunted, and with him the elk forest visited, among others, President Urho Kekkonen.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

[6] [18] Häjat served as a long-time executive member of the Kolla Fighters Brotherhood League.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

[10] His last years he spent in Hamina in a nursing home for war veterans.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

Shortly before his 96th birthday, when asked by an interviewer if he felt any pain of conscience about his shootings, Häkä replied, “I did what I was told, as well as I could.” Hää died in 2002 [14].


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

Sources Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Marjomaa, Risto: Häkä, Simo (1905—2002).


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

In Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = National Biography of Finland.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

4, Hirviluoto—Karlainen| location = Helsinki| publisher = Society of Finnish Literature| year = 2004| isbn = 951-746-445-2| format = [National Biography e-publication (paid)] | accessdate = 29.1.2008}} Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Saarelainen, Tapio| title = Hero Corporal Simo Häyhä| location = Tampere| publisher = Apali| year = 2006| isbn = 952-5026-52-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Sarjanen, Petri| title = White death: Winter: Precise of the war- The story of the shooter Simo Häykä| location = Jyväskylä| publisher = Gummerus| year = 2005| isbn = 952-5170-44-6}} On topic elsewhere Official Kollaa and Simo Häinen Museum in Rautjärvi: Heiskanen, Riitta: 1.4.2002.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

Winberg, Vesa: Yle News/Internet.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

December 5, 2013.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

John Mitchell:.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

Mosin-Nagant.net 2002.


Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

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Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

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Question: Where did Simo Häieha perished?

Simo Hähäy

Lavaskulma Oy Class:Finnish officers Category:Snipers Category:People born in 1905 Class:Persons who died in 2002 Class:99.3 Social life representatives Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

Mika Pauli Häkkinen (born 28 September 1968 [1] Helsingin countryside, now the city of Vantaa) is a Finnish racing car driver, Finland's most successful Formula One driver of all time and the sport's two-time world champion.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

Häkkinen also competed in the 2005—2007 DTM standard car series.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

During his F1 career, Häkkinen was often nicknamed “The Flying Finn”, meaning “The Flying Finn”.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

[1] The most successful Formula One driver of all time, Michael Schumacher, has said that he respects Häkk the most of all his opponents.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

[2] The Times newspaper voted the all-time Formula One driver in 2009, and Häkkinen was tenth on the list.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

[3] Other Finns included Kimi Räikkönen ranked 13 [4] and Keke Rosberg ranked 23rd.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

[5] In December 2017, Häkkinen, along with other Formula One World Champions, was inducted into the FIA's new Motorsport Hall of Fame (Motorsport Hall of Fame) [6] The beginning of his career As a youth, Häkkinen drove karting, where he won no fewer than five times the Finnish championship.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

Häkkinen competed in karting from 1974—1986.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

After go-karts, he moved up for the 1987 season to the Formula Ford Series.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

In Formula Ford, he managed to win the Finnish, Swedish and Nordic championships.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

In order to keep his career on the rise, Häkkinen left for Britain to compete in the Formula Vauxhall Lotus Series (outside Britain Formula Opel Lotus), where competition would become tougher.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

In the same season, he was backed by tobacco manufacturer Marlboro.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

[7] In 1988, Häkkinen competed for British and European series victories.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

For his car, he had Dragon Motorsport Marlboro.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

He won the European Series title, but in the British series he fell second in the final points with then-stablemate Allan McNish winning.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

[7] The next step in his career was the transition to the F3 class, where he raced the next two seasons in 1989 and 1990.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

[7] F3 Career For the 1989 season, Dragon Motorsport, which was Häkkinen stable in 1988, moved to the F3 class from the Vauxhall Lotus series.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

Häkkinen remained with the team.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

However, the team's class change did not go as hoped.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

The fixture was not competitive and Häkkinen finished in the championship struggle only in number 12.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

After Häkkinen's changed stable in the final season, momentum began to be found and results improved.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

[7] In 1990, Häkkinen rose to the consciousness of the English F3 series with Mika Salo, driving for the West Surrey Racing team led by Dick Bennetts.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

There was even talk of a Mikamika series.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

That year, Häkkinen finally took the series championship with narrowly Mika Salo remaining second in points.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

[7] Häkkinen's manager Keijo “Keke” Rosberg was able to say from experience that climbing to the F3000 category is an expensive and uncertain solution.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

So as soon as he was offered the opportunity to buy Häkkinen a place in the Lotus stable, he took it.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

That bid was made by Lotus' stable manager Peter Collins in December 1990.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

[8] Formula One career Häkkinen's Formula One career began in 1991, when he qualified to race for Lotus.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

Although the first time Häkkinen tried an F1 car was Benetton as a car.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

[7] The Lotus years 1991—92 Häkkinen's performances in the F3 series convinced the Lotus stable manager, Peter Collins, who took Häkkinen into his stable for the 1991 season, and Häkkinen made an unusual leap from F3 directly to F1 at that time.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

He managed in his debut season with an uncompetitive car well, with best performances in the first time races with a 13th place and his first World Championship points from the San Marino GP with his fifth place.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

[9] In the 1992 season, Häkkinen made his real breakthrough: Lotus made his car much more competitive, and Häkkinen drove for points in six races, achieving fourth place in the French and Hungarian races.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

She achieved a total of 11 World Championship points and eighth place in the World Cup series, which also assured the top stables including the number one stable of that time, Williams.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

However, the contract with Williams tapered when the stable failed to register in time for the 1993 World Cup Series, when it had to gain the unanimous support of the other stables in order to qualify for the series: Collins, the stable manager at Lotus stable, wanted to keep Häkkinen in his stable, and the contract remained unsigned.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

[10] McLaren years 1993—2001 As a test driver, Häkkinen found his place for the 1993 McLaren stable, where he nevertheless remained in the role of test driver when Ayrton Senna, the stable's number one driver, despite his empimism, decided to drive as a race driver for the stable.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

[11] However, Häkkinen qualified as a race driver when Michael Andretti, who flopped in the season, surrendered his place in the last three races of the season.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

Häkkinen finished ahead of fellow stablemate Senna, who was considered the prime time driver at the time of Estoril.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

Troubled in the race itself during an attempt to overtake Alesi at the start of the start straight, McLaren spilled out of the track and singled across the track into the pit wall, resulting in debris and a race interruption.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

In the next race, the Japanese GP at Suzuka, he qualified for the podium for the first time by finishing third.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

[12] The season-ending race in Adelaide ended in an interruption due to a technique problem.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

The rise to the role of race driver following Senna's departure from McLaren became Häkkinen the stable's clear number one driver for the next two seasons.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

[8] In the 1994 season, Häkkinen performed nicely with the unreliable McLaren — Peugeot, driving six times to the podium and second in the Belgian GP.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

He finished fourth in the World Cup series with his 26 points.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

With the exception of the Japanese GP, Häkkinen drove to the podium in every race he drove for the finish.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

The following 1995 season, Mercedes-Benz's first as an engine manufacturer for McLaren, became a difficult one, leaving Häkkinen's top moments the second-placed runners-up in the Italian and Japanese GPs.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

Häkkinen's impatient thirst for victory was evident in several outtakes and crashes during the season.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

[8] Adelaide accident In the first time races of the Australian GP, which ended the 1995 season, Häkkinen drove out violently at the Brewery Bend curve due to a deflated left rear tyre.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

At about 200 kilometres per hour, Häkkinen's car ended up in the tyre barrier.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

Häkkinen's head slammed with immense force into the car's steering wheel and recklessly flocked back and forth.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

Häkkinen suffered serious neck injuries as well as a skull fracture.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

He fell into a coma.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

However, Häkkinen survived the accident and was already recovering for the first race of the following season, run in Melbourne.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

[13] Season 1996—97 Häkkinen proved his competitiveness after a serious accident by driving through the 1996 season to better his fresh stable mate, David Coulthard, by finishing third on four occasions in the final season, collecting 31 World Championship points and fifth place in World Championship points.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

[14] In the 1997 season, Häkkis was plagued by an unreliable car and especially engine problems: he was forced to drop out of the lead position at the British, Austrian and Luxembourg GP's Nürburgring, where he also took the first pole position of his career.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

However, Häkkinen won his first race at the season-ending European GP in Jerez as first stablemate Coulthard and Williams' Jacques Villeneuve, who curved into the championship, gave him the way.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

[15] Two championships In the 1998 season, Häkkinen made his first championship appearance against Michael Schumacher of the Ferrari stable.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

The season turned out to be a show for these drivers: only twice in the season did the win go to the rest of the driver.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

The colourful championship battle reached its climax when two GPs before the end of the season saw the drivers tied for points.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

The title fight swung in Häkkinen's favour when he won a duel against Schumacher at the Luxembourg GP, and at the season-ending Japanese GP, Schumacher's car shut down at square one.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

The race for Schumacher, who was dropped in the last box, ended in a tyre break, Häkkinen winning the race and his first world title.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

Häkkinen won eight GPs during the season and left nine times from pole position.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

In Finland, he was selected as Sportsman of the Year.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

[16] The 1999 season was until the middle of it again a championship battle between Häkkinen and Schumacher.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

At the British GP, however, things changed when Schumacher was injured in an out run, and Ferrari's number two driver Eddie Irvine began his fight for the title with Häkkinen.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

Although Häkkinen dominated the time runs sovereignly by starting from pole 11 of the 17 sections of the season, Häkkinen became tight after Häkkinen was suspended for his own driving error in both Italian races, Imola and Monza, [8] and when the stable made mistakes — including British GP — when the Häkkinen race was left unfinished after the tyre took off.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

However, after the penultimate race of the season, the Malaysian GP, Häkkinen already had time to be declared world champion when the Ferrari stable's double win was disqualified due to an irregular air deflector and third-placed Häkkinen was elevated to the winner.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

[17] However, the results were restored to the way they were, so Irvine led the World Cup series before the final race, and Häkinen was required to win the championship with a victory over the season-ending Japanese GP.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

Sen Häkkinen also scored and won the second championship of his career.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

[18] After the championships, Häkkinen started to varying degrees after his interrupted first two races of the season as Schumacher dominated the early season.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

After Schumacher suspended three races in the middle of the season, Häkkinen got within his range by winning the race and twice finishing second and moving into the World Championship points lead with his glorious win in the next two races.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

Three more races before the season decision Häkkinen led Schumacher by two points, but the US GP engine mishap was a setback to his World Cup dreams and after Schumacher also won the Japanese GP he won the world title.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

Häkkinen stayed second in World Cup points.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

[19] In 2001, Ron Dennis, McLaren's stable manager, said the car's reliability problems had cost Häkkinen the championship.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

[20] Häkkinen's final competitive season was difficult.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

McLaren's problems seemed to pile up on Häkkinen, evidenced by the dramatic interruption from a superior lead to a clutch break on the final lap of the Spanish GP.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

Ferrari's technical head start especially on the automatic starting system gave it a significant advantage over its rivals, [8] and speculation about Häkkinen quitting was started by the press.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

Häkkinen won two races during the season: the British GP and the US GP run penultimate of the season.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

Towards the end of the season, Häkkinen announced that he would be taking a one-year sabbatical from F1, and another Finn, Kimi Räikkönen, was hired as his fill-in.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

However, Häkkinen never returned from his sabbatical, although his return for the season was strongly rumored.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

[21] After a career, Häkkinen returned after a hiatus of more than five years on 30 November 2006 for McLaren's F1 tests at Barcelona Racecourse, Spain, being about three seconds slower than the day's top times, albeit using the same tyre set throughout the day.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

Häkkinen admitted the test didn't necessarily fall short of his last appearance in the F1 series.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

Behind the test was Gerhard Berger, who wanted to give Häkinen a chance to test a modern F1 car.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

[22] In a September 2009 interview to ESPN channel, the 41-year-old Häkkinen said he would still drive racing in the future and did not rule out returning to the F1 series.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

[23] DTM Career Häkkinen announced in November 2004 that he would make a return to track racing in 2005 in the DTM series of standard cars.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

[24] In the 2005 season, Häkkinen drove in the DTM series, a HWA stable with an AMG-Mercedes C-Class as the car.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

Häkkinen finished fifth in overall points for the series.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

The highlight of the season was the third race at the Spa circuit, Häkkinen winning it from pole position.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

[25] In the 2006 season, Häkkinen continued in the DTM series, in the same stable.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

He finished fourth at Hockenheim [26] and third in Lausitz.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

[27] In the 2007 season, Häkkinen won the Lausitzring event in May 2007 and the Mugello event in July of the same year.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

Häkkinen of the latter surprisingly won by leaving screen 15.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

In the Barcelona event of the same season, Häkkinen was handed the largest penalty of the DTM series up to that point; €20,000 for crashing with Martin Tomczyk.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

After the end of the season, Häkkinen announced that he would stop driving and move to other positions at Mercedes-Benz.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

[28] Private life Mika Häkkinen spent his childhood in Martinlaakso, Vantaa, his childhood house is located at Raiviosuonmäki 6.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

Across the street, in Raiviosuonmäki 3, another Finnish formula driver Mika Salo was simultaneously spending his childhood.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

[29] Häkkinen's parents are Harri and Aila Häkkinen, and he has a sister, Nina.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

[30] Harri Häkkinen died on 12 May 2010 of a sudden heart attack.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

[31] Häkkinen married Erja Honkanen in 1998.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

[30] They have two children, Hugo (born 2000) and Aina (b.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

[32] In February 2008, it was announced that Häkkinen would resign.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

[33] Häkkinen has been married to Czech Marketa Remesova since December 2016; the couple had become engaged in the spring of the same year.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

They married with civil expenditure in Monaco and their marriage was blessed in early 2017 in Rovaniemi.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

[34] They have three children in common, a daughter born in 2010 and twins, a girl and a boy born in 2014.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

[35] Häkkinen's apartment in France burned down in 2008 [36] and he now lives in Monaco.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

[37] In 1999, Mika Häkkinen received its own Mika Häkkinen square in Martinlaakso.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

[38] In 2006, Häkkinen received a Finnish voice role in Pixar's animated film Autos.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

[39] She has also done a cameo role in the film Uuno Turhapuro — This Is My Life (2004).


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

[40] Häkkinen was also involved in the 2009 early year Tunturirally in Rovaniemi.


Question: What year did Keijo Rosberg start in the F1 series?

Mika Häkkinen

[41] Statistics Formula One statistics [42] F1 results by race (Strengthened races mean pole position and italic fastest lap) DTM achievements DTM results by race Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Juha Crowd| title = Formula One stars: 1990s drivers| publisher = Alfamer| year = 1997| id = ISBN 952-5089-18-5}} References on the topic Elsewhere Category:79.5 Motorsports Category:Finnish Formula One drivers Category:Formula 1 - world champions class:DTM drivers Category:Porsche Supercup drivers Category:Born in 1968 Class:Living Persons Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

A poison is a substance to which exposure impedes the vital functions of an organism or kills the organism.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

In principle, any chemical substance can be a poison.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

This was first brought up by Paracelsus stating that “There is no non-toxic substance.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Only the dose determines that the substance is not a poison.” [1] [2] The defining property of a poison is toxicity, the ability to cause harm to the organism.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Organisms have varying levels of ability to tolerate chemical substances and this is mainly influenced by the mass of the organism (dose/kg body weight), but some organisms have adapted to tolerate chemical substances that are commonly toxic to organisms.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Toxics and toxicity are studied by toxicology, which is the doctrine of the harmful effect of foreign substances on living organisms.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Toxicology draws upon many other disciplines in toxicology in which poison is essential as a concept.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

These disciplines include, for example, pathology, pharmacology, physiology, biochemistry, genetics, molecular biology, analytical chemistry, ecology, and various fields of biology.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

[2] Poisons can be studied from many angles.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

For example, in life sciences, toxins, which are toxic substances produced by organisms, are specifically studied.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Criteria for classifying and grouping poisons There is no uniform all-encompassing method of classification of poisons; rather, the method of grouping and classification depends on context.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

In the 1st century, the Greek physician Dioskorides divided poisons into plant and animal and mineral poisons according to their origin.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

[3] Poisons can be classified according to the principles of administrative toxicology according to their dangerousness.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

[2] Chemical legislation provides grounds for classifying chemical toxicity.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

[4] This article groups toxins on non-toxicity grounds.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Toxins have been treated as two main categories; naturally occurring toxins, as well as toxic chemicals manufactured artificially.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Because the criteria for classifying and grouping poisons are situational and often pragmatic, the same poison can be characterized in several ways, depending on the context.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

In toxicology, substances are studied through systematic toxicity research to investigate, in addition to everything else, the mechanism of action of the poison and the possible target organ or system.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

[5] [2] Based on the mechanism of action, the substance can be classified as, inter alia, a carcinogen (a carcinogen), a teratogen (a causative agent of malformations) or a mutagen (mutagenic lesion).


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

[6] Poisons are also often classified according to which target organ or system of the body they harm.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

In this way, a distinction can be made between neurotoxins, cell toxins, kidney poisons and hepatotoxins.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

[7] Naturally occurring poisons can be divided into toxins produced by organisms and poisons of inanimate nature.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

In these contexts, chemical structure is used as a grouping basis.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Toxins in organisms are derived from animals, plants, fungi and microbes and are called toxins.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Often the poisons produced by organisms are organic and grouped according to their producer, with snakevenoms and bacterial toxins being examples.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Toxins produced by inanimate nature include radioactive isotopes of elements, heavy metals and toxic gases.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

These poisons are mostly inorganic.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Toxic chemicals have been grouped based on their intended use, exemplified by pharmaceuticals, pesticides and chemical weapons.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Chemicals are also typically grouped according to the type of problems they have caused.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

This is exemplified by, say, environmental poisons, poisons causing food poisoning and toxins in working environments.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Poisons of natural origin Animal poisons Animal toxins There are many known animals that produce toxins of animal origin.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

For example, about 300 pcs of poisonous snake species are known.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

[8] Toxins produced by animals are mainly proteins and peptides and their mechanisms of action in the target organism are highly variable.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

The study of these toxins has been active for a long time because of their pharmacological properties and the application possibilities they offer.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

[9] Animals producing poison may include snakes, scorpions, jellyfish, stingers, cone gastropods, sea anemones, lizards, quickenpods, and aquatic pigtails.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

What these animals have in common is that they inject their poison into a target.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

That trait is absent in toxin-producing frogs, mites, worms and mammals.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

[9] Research on toxins of animal origin has brought a great deal of information on human-related physiology and pharmacology.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

The research has also helped find remedies for poisoning cases.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

[8] Cases of animal poisoning can be treated with antipoisons available for poisoning caused by snakes, scorpions, spiders, mites and jellyfish, for example.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

[10] In relation to protein toxins of animal origin, the TOX-PROT project has been launched to systematize and facilitate access to toxin-related information.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

[9] Vegetable poisons Numerous poisonous plants are known from the plant population, some of which are deadly.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Vegetable poisons are secondary metabolic products of plants.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Substances classified as plant poisons play important functions in a living plant.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

They can act, for example, as free-radical removers, pollinator attractors, repellents of plant-eating animals, or repellents of pest insects.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

[11] One way of classifying phytogenicides is based on their chemical structure.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

In this case, plant poisons would include substances from the following groups of compounds: glycosides, flavonoids and proanthocyanins, tannins, terpenes, resins, lignans, alkaloids, furocoumarins, as well as proteins and peptides.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

[11] Another way to classify herbal poisons is to divide them into groups based on the harm they cause.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Vegetable poisons can be classified by side effects as follows: toxins affecting the skin, digestive system and cardiovascular system, neurotoxins, liver poisons and poisons that interfere with reproduction.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

[12] Fungicides Mushrooms can produce toxins, fungicides.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

In toxicology, fungicides are classified according to their action as cell poisons, neurotoxins, poisons acting with alcohol, poisons affecting the gastrointestinal tract, as well as unknown poisons.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

[13] About 100 species of fungi poisonous to humans are known, of which 15-20 species are lethal when ingested.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

There is no clear line between edible and poisonous mushrooms.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

More than 95% of poisoning cases are caused by misidentification of the fungus, the remaining poisoning cases are related to intoxication of poison fungi.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

[14] The harmfulness of poison fungi may vary depending on geographic location, growing conditions, amount of poison, and gene lineage of the fungus.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Removing fungicides may not be successful by boiling, frying or any other method of cooking.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

The degree of severity of the poisoning case also depends a lot on the personal characteristics of the individual.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

[14] Microbial poisons Microbial toxins are typically produced by bacteria, microfungi (especially mold fungi) and algae.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Algae and cyanobacter poisons.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Toxic algae are found around the world in both oceans and freshwater.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Algae poisons can be harmful or deadly to fish, shellfish, humans, livestock, and wildlife.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Often algal blooms stand out in color, for example, red or green.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Although algal blooms have been considered a natural phenomenon in the historical sense, attention has turned to the abundant number of toxic blooms in recent years.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

The phosphorus and nitrogen load of water bodies are thought to be the cause.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

[15] Several types of algae can cause toxic reactions in humans, such as skin reactions, eye irritation and respiratory disorders.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

However, the actual state of poisoning requires the poison to enter the body with water or inhaled air.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Poisonous species are known from armored algae, red algae, diatom algae, but especially blue-green algae.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

[16] Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of toxic mold fungi that can cause harm or death in a person or animal.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Due to the pharmacological properties of mycotoxins, some mycotoxins are used as antibiotics, growth promoters, as well as drugs.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

[18] Poisoning by mold fungi is called mycotoxicosis.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Symptoms of mycotoxicosis depend on the type of toxin, as well as other, individual characteristics.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Mycotoxicosis can predispose to microbial diseases and mycotoxins can interact in the body with other toxins.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

The number of cases of mycotoxicosis worldwide is unknown, although the number of cases is believed to be lower than, for example, bacterial and viral infections.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Mycotoxicosis is more common in countries with low living standards.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Mycotoxicosis is not an infectious disease.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

[18] Bacterial toxins. Many bacterial toxins are proteins whose corresponding gene is located on the chromosome, plasmid or phage.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Toxins are usually released upon lysis, but in some cases the venom is located in the vesicles of the outer cell membrane.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

One important non-protein poison is endotoxin, a lipopolysaccharide, which is a structural component of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

[20] Although the toxic effects of many bacteria on humans are known, few bacterial toxins have been identified and their molecular function elucidated.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

[20] Toxic elements Several elements are practically environmental toxins and also harmful to humans.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Heavy metals and radioactive elements, for example, can have major effects on human and organismal health.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

[21] Toxic elements may be exposed, among other things, through ingested food and water or because of the working environment.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

For example, arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury are classified as toxic elements.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

[22] The compounds of these elements are also toxic.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Some elements such as the alkali metals sodium and potassium, as well as the halogens fluorine and chlorine, are dangerous toxins due to their high reactivity as well as phosphorus when appearing as white phosphorus, but many compounds of these elements are necessary for life.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Toxic chemicals and their use Chemicals, in this context, refer to chemical substances that do not come from nature, but chemical substances or mixtures thereof artificially produced or isolated by man.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Such poisons can be organic or inorganic and occur in a variety of physical states.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Pesticides are substances or mixtures of substances and can be physical, chemical or biological toxins.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

The purpose of pesticides is to kill pests such as pest insects, weeds or rats.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

In this case, the aim is for the substance to be lethally toxic to the target species, but as harmless as possible to humans and animals.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Medicines.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Selective toxicity is exploited, particularly in medicine, when antibiotics are used to kill disease-causing bacteria.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Many drugs are toxic in too high doses, but in therapeutic doses health-promoting.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

For example, digitalis disrupts the sodium-potassium pump function of cardiomyocytes, but in an appropriate amount this enhances muscle function and is therefore beneficial in heart failure.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

[23] Also, for example, the common antipyretic and analgesic paracetamol is a drug toxic to the liver if its safe dose is exceeded.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

[24] Industrial chemicals.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Very toxic substances are used for many purposes due to their properties other than their toxicity.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Widespread industrial uses include hydrogen fluoride, which is lethally toxic through the skin, ammonia, which is a toxic gas, and phosgene, which has been used in chemical warfare.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

However, there are good reasons for using these: for example, hydrogen fluoride corrodes silicon, ammonia is made into fertilizers, phosgene forms polycarbonate plastics.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Many intermediates in chemical industry syntheses may be very reactive and toxic.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

For example, exposure to organic solvents and their vapors is quite common.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

In particular, exposure in workplaces (factories and others) is studied in the field of labor toxicology.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

The purpose of killing.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Throughout the ages, poisons have also been used for killing purposes.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

They have committed poisoning killings and have also been used to carry out death sentences.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Poisonous combat gases have also been used for military purposes, especially in the First World War.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Today, their use is considered a war crime.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Legislation related to toxic chemicals When using toxic substances, the safety regulations laid down in law must be observed.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

In particular, care must be taken to prevent toxic substances as such from spreading into the environment; otherwise, they may pose a sudden threat of poisoning (e.g. Bhopal accident) or become dangerous environmental toxins (e.g. Seveson accident).


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

The European Union rules divide toxic and harmful chemicals into three groups on the basis of toxicity: highly toxic substances (T+), toxic substances (T) and harmful substances (Xn).


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

The EU classification does not classify substances as poisons that are merely corrosive, i.e. only local tissue destruction.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

However, there are some substances that are both corrosive and deadly toxic on skin contact.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

According to the Chemicals Regulation in force in Finland, highly toxic chemicals are substances and preparations which, when inhaled, ingested or absorbed through the skin in very small doses, cause death or immediate or long-term harm to health toxic chemicals are substances and preparations which, if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through the skin in small doses, cause death or immediate or long-term harm to health, and harmful chemicals are substances and preparations which, if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through the skin may cause death or immediate or long-term harm to health.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Furthermore, as groups of chemicals that are hazardous to health, irritating, sensitising, carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic chemicals.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

[25] In practice, the toxicity of a substance is defined by the quantity of the substance identified in animal studies as lethal.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Within the territory of the European Union, including Finland, a substance is considered to be: highly toxic if its LD50 when ingested (in rats) is less than 25mg/kg, the LD50 by dermal (rats or rabbits) less than 50mg/kg, or the LC50 when inhaled (in rats) is less than 0,25mg/L/4 h as toxic if its The LD50 value for ingestion is 25-200mg/kg, the LD50 subcutaneous value below 50-400mg/kg, or the LC50 value when inhaled is 0.25 to 1mg/L/4 h, or harmful if its LD50 value is 200-2000mg/kg when ingested, LD50 is 400—2000mg/kg or LC50 when inhaled is 1-5mg/dmg/dmg/kg 3/4 h. [26] Toxic substance sales packaging should be marked with a poison mark, which is a black skull on an orange background.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

The packaging for sale of harmful substances has a black diagonal cross on an orange background.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

In addition, packages must contain phrases established for each such substance indicating the danger of them (R-phrases) and how to be methodologised for safety reasons (S-expressions).


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

[27] If someone, by poisoning or in any other manner comparable to it, makes a food hazardous to health or keeps a poisoned food available, he is guilty of endangering health.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

According to the Finnish Penal Code, such an offence is punishable by imprisonment of at least four months and up to four years.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

[28] The use of poisons and poison gases as a weapon of war has been defined as a war crime punishable by imprisonment for at least one year or life term under Finnish law.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

[29] See also Toxicology Toxicology Toxin Sources Literature School M, Mervaala E, Tuomisto J, Pharmacology and Toxicology, 8. p., Kustannus Oy Medicina, Kuopio 2013.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

ISBN 978-951-97316-4-3.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Klaassen CD, Casarett & Dull's Toxicology, 8th p., p. 3-11, McGraw-Hill, 2013.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

ISBN 978-0-07-176923-5.


Question: Where do furocoumarins come from?

toxin

Category:Toxicology Category:Key articles in screening


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

Capitalism is an economic system [1] in which property and its means of production are privately owned and controlled, not owned and controlled by the state.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

[2] [3] In modern times, capitalism is seen in the context of industrial society.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

According to Max Weber's definition, capitalism is an economic system based on: [4] accounting enterprises separated from personal or family finances, free markets open regardless of social status, the use of advanced technology, especially in large enterprises in need of high investment capital, a legal system based on equality before the law, which guarantees private ownership of a flexible labour market that ensures social mobility, free of slavery or serfdom and based on law, or institutional restrictions such as minimum wages or trade associations for public trading of shares to raise large amounts of investment capital.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

Gilbert Keith Chesterton defined capitalism as an economic system characterized by the accumulation of capital to a relatively small pool of owners, and that said owners are served by a large majority of the population for wages.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

[5] Free market economy, or laissez-faire (French.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

lets do) is sometimes considered “pure capitalism”.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

[6] Laissez-faire means minarchism, minimum state [7] or elimination of state power, allowing demand and demand to operate freely.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

Perfectly pure laissez-faire capitalism has never existed in practice.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

[6] [8] [9] As all existing major economies comprise both private and public ownership and management, it has been suggested that a mixed economy better reflects a number of existing states.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

[10] [11] [12] Although there is no pure capitalist state or region [13], among other things, Western countries are generally considered primarily capitalist states, as opposed to socialist states — confrontation occurred, particularly during the Cold War.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

In a modern capitalist state, legislation is limited to determining the basic rules of the market, although some public goods and infrastructure may be provided by the state.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

[14] According to the manifesto of the Communist Party of 1848, the state is a weapon of the ruling class: Modern state power is merely a committee that manages the common affairs of the entire bourgeois class.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

[15] History Between the years 1500—1700, the natural sciences made revolutionary progress.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

The time is referred to as the Scientific Revolution.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

Geographically, the events of the time are set in Europe, and in the social hierarchy the events concerned an elite made up of scholars; achievements for the people as a whole came largely only with the Industrial Revolution.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

The “capitalism” word was coined by William Makepeace Thackeray around the mid-19th century.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

[16] However, the institutions of modern capitalism, such as banks, insurance companies, exchanges and trade unions, emerged as early as the Middle Ages between 1000—1300, mainly in northern Italy.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

Capitalism may have emerged as a phenomenon some 200 years after the Black Death of 1347 [16].


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

However, the exact timing is on a weak footing, because what exactly belongs to capitalism is tricky to define.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

Money and financial institutions have existed in ancient Phoenicia, India and China for centuries, but the genesis of modern capitalism in Western Europe is nonetheless undeniable.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

[16] Internal and external causes have been put forward for the genesis of capitalism: the decline of serfdom with the monetary economy and the growth of autocracy, resulting in a decline in the power of feudal princes.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

External causes include a collision with Islam and the search for new trade routes after the former were broken off (the Silk Road), the invention of the cannon, allowing merchant ships to sail safely further from their home port.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

[16] Max Weber, in his book Protestant Ethics and the Spirit of Capitalism, suggested that the birth of capitalism was influenced by the doctrine of Calvinism, according to which entry into heaven could not be influenced by itself, but secular success was indicative of belonging to those who were saved.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

This gave rise to an economic system that later continued to exist regardless of its religion-based genesis.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

Also in Catholicism, the influence of the School of Salamanca since the 16th century laid foundations for capitalism, according to von Hayek.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

[17] According to the Marxist view, capitalism initially developed hand in hand with industrial production emerging from the artisan tradition, and capitalism represented a new mode of production in relation to slave society and feudalism to farming and land ownership.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

[18] In feudalism in Europe, vassals were under the authority of a fiefdom lord and worked on pieces of land that the fiefdom had shown.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

Not all of the vassals adapted to the system, and fled into the forests where they ran into other fugitives.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

These opponents of feudalism set up their own commune in the forests, and established something new.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

These fugitives unadapted to feudalism and the commune and production they established were the base of capitalism.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

[19] Capitalist economic practices began to become institutionalised in England in the 15th—19th centuries, although some features of capitalist organizations were already present in the ancient world and more in the late Middle Ages [20] [21] Capitalism has prevailed in the Western world with feudalism since the end.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

[21] In France, feudalism ended in 1789 [22] In the 19th and 20th century capitalism was the most significant instrument of industrialization in much of the world.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

[23] Industrial production and enlightenment thinking revolutionized the structures of economy and thought and increased the power and status of the bourgeoisie.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

The steam engine revolutionized production and the development of capitalism shifted from trade to industry.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

Industrialization became synonymous with capitalism.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

[16] The 1989—1991 liberation of Eastern and Central European countries from socialism substantially undermined the reputation of the socialist planned economy and made capitalism the only economic system to be viable in the eyes of the leaders of most countries.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

From the 1990s onward, capitalist traits proliferated further in the national economies of several countries.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

This was through various economic liberalization efforts.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

Economics Keynesianism was criticized, for example, by the father of monetarism, Milton Friedman in the late 1950s.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

Traditional Keynesianism was largely abandoned in economics in the 1970s, when many industrialized nations were in an economically dire situation with inflation and unemployment rising simultaneously.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

While various versions of Keynesianism still have adherents, since the 1970s the mainstream of economics has shifted to neoclassical economics.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

More radical views are represented by monetarism, Austrian economics and the new classical school.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

[24] Views Defending Capitalism Between 1000 and 1820, the world economy grew as much as sixfold, 50% per person.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

Since capitalism began to spread more widely between 1820 and 1998, the world economy grew 50-fold, or 9-fold per person [25].


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

In the most capitalist countries such as Europe, the United States, Canada, Australia and New Zealand, the economy grew 19-fold per capita, despite already having a higher baseline, in 1820 poor Japan as much as 31-fold, while in the rest of the world the growth was only five times per capita [25].


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

According to the Economic Freedom of the World index, the average income of those living in the most economically free, or most capitalist, countries in the world (one-fifth) was $23450/year, with an increase of 2.56% /year in the 1990s.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

In the most economically unliberal fifth, the corresponding figures for countries were $2556 and -0.85% /year.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

The poorest tithe of the people received $728 $/year in the unfreest and 7000$/year in the freest countries.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

Life expectancy was 20 years more in the freest countries than in the most unliberal.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

[26] Global GDP growth coincides with the spread of capitalism.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

[27] The reduction in weekly working hours and the decrease in child labour and the elderly have also been shown to be a consequence of the prosperity brought by capitalism.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

[28] [29] According to Adam Ferguson, the philosopher of the Enlightenment era, problems in the market economy give rise to opposing forces.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

The market economy was therefore paradoxically at the same time an enabler of moral life and a threat to it. [30].


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

The trade union movement has also played a role in the development of working conditions for workers.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

According to Professor Juha Sihvola, the market economy has contributed to peaceful and orderly coexistence of people more than any other social system known to history.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

According to Sihvola, “all systems that have so far been proposed as alternatives to capitalism, have led to unabashed exploitation, violence and crimes against humanity.” [31] According to Milton Friedman, the economic freedom of capitalism is political freedom. prerequisite, and on the other hand also makes it sooner or later inexorable.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

According to Friedman, centralized control of economic activity has always and everywhere caused political repression.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

In a market economy, he says, transactions and other activities are voluntary, and the diversity of voluntary activity poses a fundamental threat to oppressive political leaders and greatly reduces their power to coerce others.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

Friedman's view is shared by Friedrich Hayek and John Maynard Keynes, who both believed that capitalism was vital to the survival of freedom.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

[32] [33] According to proponents of Austrian economics, in capitalism, society organizes without the state itself into a complex system without a centralized system of control or planning.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

Friedrich Hayek uses the term catallaxy to describe self-organizability in capitalism.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

Here the profit motive plays an important role.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

A price system emerges from the interaction of buyers and sellers, and prices signal people's busy and unmet needs.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

The prospect of profits encourages entrepreneurs to use their knowledge and resources to satisfy those needs.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

That's why the price system reconciles the actions of millions of people who pursue their own self-interest.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

[34] According to those who support capitalism, capitalism implies the freedom to enforce one's desires within the bounds of law.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

Capitalism has been championed, for example, by Milton Friedman in his book “Capitalism and Freedom” and by Ayn Rand in her book “Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal”.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

In the view of radical capitalism supporters, libertarians, the state should only interfere with the maintenance of a minimum state to maintain property rights, personal integrity and contracts.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

Capitalism, they say, implies freedom to enforce one's desires within the bounds of law.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

The state should only interfere with the maintenance of a legal system that guarantees ownership and contracts.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

[24] Views Criticizing Capitalism Criticism of capitalism tends to focus on the downplaying of capitalism's intangible standard of living as a determinant of people's happiness.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

Critical contributions emphasize, among other things, social capital and human capital, and economic capital, contrary to capitalism, is seen as merely a tool for pursuing the aforementioned objectives.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

A capitalist self-emphasising human image is also the subject of criticism: critics tend to see that humans are just and socially virtuous in their basic essence, and that the prevailing socio-cultural (capitalist) context has increased human beings egotistical mindset and failed in their goal of integration to raise citizens to be members of society capable of critical thinking and action, in some respects even with conscious purpose.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

On a global scale, critics of capitalism recall the infrastructurally and especially living standards of countries other than the Western world, which are seen as partly the realisation of the capitalism-tinged ideas of centuries ago, namely colonialism, of imperialism and neocolonialism, an unjust consequence.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

As the defenders of capitalism refer to the rapid rise in the national economy and thereby material living standards of industrial countries, critics of capitalism point out that this almost invariably occurred by deprivation of labour, raw materials, etc., of economic resources in the already underprivileged countries.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

Critics point out that today this economic subordination of developing countries no longer takes place directly governmentally, but more indirectly e.g.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

on the part of supranational large corporations.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

To combat this so-called exploitation capitalism, public capitalisation and increased economic regulation (including financial market tax) are at the centre of criticism of capitalism.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

According to the black book of capitalism, capitalism has caused the death of millions of people.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

The number of victims is estimated at around 147 million.


Question: What country did Friedrich August von Hayek grow up in?

Capitalism

Anticapitalism Anticapitalism describes movements, ideas, and attitudes opposed to capitalism.