Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

Van Damme played the lead role in the film and additionally directed, scripted, produced and cut it.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

The film was scheduled to appear directly on DVD around the world during 2011, but was delayed by a year.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

Additionally, in May 2010, DreamWorks Animation announced Van Damme would do a voice role in the Kung Fu Panda 2 animated film.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

The film appeared on May 27, 2011.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

[24] At the turn of 2011, Van Damme was asked to play the film “The Expendables”.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

Rumours have swirled that he would consider acting in the 2012 sequel The Expendables 2 if Steven Seagal isn't involved.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

[25] According to Sylvester Stallone, Seagal did not appear in the film because he had a bad relationship with a Millennium Films producer.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

[26] In November 2010, the After Dark Films production company reported that Van Damme would do a side role in the film Dragon Eyes.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

[27] In addition, he is also scheduled to appear in a possible sequel to Dragon Eyes 2.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

With Dragon Eyes, Van Damme was to make a return to mainstream films in 2011, but the film's release was delayed until the spring of 2012, when it was released straight to DVD.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

In May 2011, Van Damme's friend and film director Sheldon Lettich announced Van Damme had accepted the role of villain in the sequel to The Expendables.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

[28] Finally, in July 2011, NU Boyana Studios CEO David Varod confirmed the names of Van Damme and other cast members in the upcoming film.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

[29] In July 2011, Van Damme's film Assassination Games was shown in limited release in cinemas in the United States.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

In addition, in October 2011, he had a side role in the French comedy Beur sur la ville.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

In January 2012, Van Damme appeared in a cameo role in the Russian comedy film Rževsky protiv Napoleo.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

In early February 2012, Van Damme announced his film “The Eagle Path” had been given the new name Soldiers and that additional filming was scheduled for it in early fall.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

At the same time, she began filming the comedy film Welcome to the Jungle in Puerto Rico in February.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

[30] Van Damme also returned to collaborate with director Peter Hyams, who directed two of his films in the 1990s, when in February VVS Films announced that they would be acting as the film distributor for Enemies Closer.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

[31] In late February 2012, even before the premiere of “The Expendables 2”, the Total Film website listed the character Jean Vilain, played by Van Damme, as the thirteenth best villain of 2012.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

[32] After the Expendables 2 film, Van Damme was seen still in a side role in Universal Soldier: Day of Reckoning, in which his character Luc Deveraux played the role of villain this time.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

He appeared in the film for the fourth time with Dolph Lundgren and Scott Adkins.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

Later in September, 6 Bullets were released, in which Van Damme played the lead role this time.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

Following the film releases, on 21 October 2012, a statue was erected in honour of Van Damme in Anderlecht, Belgium.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

[33] His last film role of 2012 was in a British UFO film, with Van Damme playing a side role.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

The film was subsequently released in other parts of the world straight to DVD in the fall of 2013.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

2013 Van Damme played a bigger role in the comedy film Welcome to the Jungle, which was initially released at film festivals in the United States and Germany in April.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

Since then, the film was released straight to DVD in late winter 2014.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

The film was awarded Best Actor Guard at the Newport Beach Film Festival.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

Announced a year earlier, the action hostess Enemies Closer was released in late 2013 and early 2014 straight to DVD.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

In the film, Van Damme played an environmentally friendly drug cartel leader.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

In 2014, Van Damme co-starred with Alfred Molina in a minor role in the western intellectual crime drama Swelter.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

It premiered along the lines of the film Welcome to the Jungle at the Newport Beach Film Festival.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

In the same year, the film was also released directly to DVD.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

In June, Van Damme released his long-running film Full Love.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

It was only shown at the Shanghai International Film Festival.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

In spring 2015, Van Damme's Pound of Flesh was released in Canada in a television premiere, while in the United States the film's premiere took place in theaters for a limited number in May.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

The film was Van Damme and director Ernie Barbarash's third joint film.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

The minor roles featured artists such as Aki Aleong and Darren Shahlavin.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

The fight choreography for the film was provided by John Salvitti, who has worked since the 1990s on Donnie Yen films in supporting roles as well as a fight choreographer.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

[34] In July Van Damme was seen playing a side role in the Chinese comedy film Jian Bing Man.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

Among other things, the film was awarded for Best New Director at the Shanghai International Film Festival.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

Private life Van Damme was born in Sint-Agatha-Berchem near Brussels.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

His father, Eugène Van Varenberg, was an accountant who owned his own flower shop.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

[35] At the age of 18, Van Damme opened a gym in Brussels called California Gym, which also practiced karate, but about five years later he decided to close his business in order to aspire to become a film actor in the United States.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

[36] Married Van Damme has been five times


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

He first married Maria Rodriguez and divorced in 1984.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

For the second time Van Damme married Cynthia Derderian on 24 August 1985, but soon divorced in 1986.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

For the third time, he married Gladys Portugues, known as a bodybuilder, on January 3, 1987.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

The pair were born two children, Kristopher (born 1987) and Bianca (born 1990).


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

However, Van Damme and Portugues divorced two years after Bianca was born.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

Van Damme's cocaine problems began in 1993.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

Van Damme married for the fourth time on February 3, 1994, to American actress-model Darcy LaPier, with whom he had a son Nicholas (born 1995).


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

A year after the birth of his son, Van Damme ended up in rehab to get off drugs, but left rehab a week later.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

[37] Drug problems re-emerged in late 1997, leading in November 1997 to Van Damme's separation from his wife Darcy LaPier.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

In 1998, Van Damme got into a fistfight with his former bodyguard Chuck Zito at a striptease spot called Scores.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

On June 25, 1999, Van Damme remarried to Portugues.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

In July 2001, Van Damme founded his own clothing line Dammage7.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

The collection was sold at London's Harrods department store, among others.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

[38] Filmography As a screenwriter, Rodin Entertainment Van Damme founded his own film company during 2008, which he named after his father's flower shop.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

[40] The first film he produced was The Eagle Path, which he produced entirely at the expense of his own company.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

Since then, the company has partnered with other film companies.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

Production Karate and Kickboxing Statistics Karate Stats 44 Wins, 4 Losses Kickboxing Statistics 18 Wins, 1 Loss Sources On topic elsewhere Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

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Question: When did Jean-Claude Van Damme start doing martial arts?

Jean-Claude Van Damme

Category:Belgian actors Class:Belgian kickboxers Category:Belgian karatekas Category:Belgian bodybuilders Category:Film screenwriters Category:Film producers Category:Born in 1960 Class:Living persons Category:Key to screening articles *


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

Jiří Tlustý (born March 16, 1988 in Slaný, Czechoslovakia) is a Czech ice hockey player who played in the fall season 2016—17 for SM-liiga team Oulun Kärp.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

He is a left winger from his playing position.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

Tlustý has played in his career previously in the NHL for a total of 446 regular season and four playoff games with a power score of 89+88=177 and amassing 126 ice minutes.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

Matias Strozyk of EliteProspects.com characterizes him as a versatile striker who can play in all the roles of a striker.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

Strozyk cites Tlustý's strengths as attacking head play, workmanship and skating.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

He does, however, have things to improve on his own head playing and positioning himself.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

[1] Tlustý was compared in his playing style as a junior to Ryan Smyth.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

[2] Career Seurura career start domestically and NHL reserve Tlustý is raised by HC Kladnon.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

At the conclusion of the 2002—03 season, he won the Czech B youth league championship and the following season 2003—04 ended with the championship of A-youth series Extraliga juniorůn.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

OHL team Sault Ste.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

Marie Greyhounds booked Tlustý as the 31st player in the 2005 CHL reserve, but she chose to stay for the 2005—06 season, however, in her home country.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

Tlustý debuted for Kladno's Extraliga team, where he played his rookie season making 44 regular season games with power-ups of 7+3=10.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

Tlustý also strengthened the club's A youth and he shared the entire Extraliga juniorůn playoff points exchange win with HC Třinec's Lukáš Petrek with powers of 7+6=13.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

Tlustý won the season-ending championship.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

[1] Tlustý was drafted in the first round by the Toronto Maple Leafs as the 13th player in the 2006 NHL draft.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

[2] He already signed a three-year extension contract with the club in July.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

Tlustý started the 2006—07 season with AHL team Toronto Marlies, where he scored in six games power-ups of 3+1=4, but Tlustý was then sent off after this however, the OHL team Sault Ste that had previously booked him.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

To the strength of Marie Greyhounds.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

[3] Tlustý was the team's top scorer in the playoffs with Josh Godfrey with nine of his hits.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

[4] NHL debut for Toronto Maple Leafs Also during the 2007—08 season Tlustý started for the Marlies.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

After five games played there, he made his NHL debut for the Maple Leafs on October 25, 2007 in an away game against the Pittsburgh Penguins.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

Tlustý received 11.14 minutes of ice time in the match.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

He also opened his scoring account in the NHL right away with two hits.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

[5] Tlustý's opening goal of his NHL career came about in his first exchange when Tlustý redirected Alexander Steen's shot from in front of goal.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

His second NHL goal came just 35 seconds later.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

Tlustý's rookie season in the league brought a total of 10+6=16 in 58 regular season games.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

He played 14 games in the AHL regular season and returned to team strength for the league playoffs.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

On April 13, 2008, Tlustý was selected as the AHL's Player of the Week.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

[1] In the 2008—09 season, Tlustý played 14 NHL games and most of his season progressed with farm team Marlies, whose second best point man Tlustý was after Tim Stapleton with power-ups of 25+41=66.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

[4] On February 18, 2009, he managed to score as many as five goals against the Syracuse Crunch, the all-time single-game goal record in Marlies' club history.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

Throughout the AHL, five goals in one match were last successful by Jarkko Immonen in 2006.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

Tlustý was selected as the AHL's February 2009 Player of the Month.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

[1] Trading to the Carolina Hurricanes and making a breakthrough in the NHL, Atlant booked Tlustý as the 43rd player in the 2009 KHL reserve.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

[1] In the 2009—10 season, he played two NHL and 19 AHL games in the Maple Leafs organization, until in December 2009, the club traded Tlustý to the Carolina Hurricanes in a trade for Philippe Paradis.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

[6] [7] He played in 18 NHL games the rest of the season spent just over half of his spring season with the Albany River Rats' AHL team.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

In May 2010, Tlustý signed a year-long, one-way and $500,000 extension contract with the Hurricanes.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

[8] [9] In the 2011—12 season, he scored in 57 regular season games for the team, powering 6+6=12 and Tlustý played five matches for the Hurricanes' new farm team, the Charlotte Checkers.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

In July 2011, he signed a year-long extension contract with the club worth $525,000.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

[10] [11] In the 2011—12 season, Tlustý took another step in his NHL career, scoring power outs of 17+19=36 in 79 regular season games, with which he was the Hurricanes' fourth best point man.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

Tlustý signed a two-year and $3.2 million extension contract with the club in April 2012.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

[12] In September 2012, he returned to his breeder club HC Kladno for the duration of the NHL lockout.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

[13] Tlustý formed a nameless and effective chain during the lockout with two other lockout players, Jaromír Jágr and Tomáš Plekanec.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

[14] Despite the 2012—13 NHL season, which began in January 2013, which began in January 2013, Tlustý managed to score mainly in the chain of Eric Staal and Aleksandr Sjomin for his league single-season points-record with powers of 23+15=38.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

He was the Hurricanes' top scorer and third best point man.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

Tlustý shared the entire NHL goal exchange with the fifth-place Chicago Blackhawks' Patrick Kane and Jonathan Toews.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

He also won his team's internal power statistic by reading +15.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

[4] In the 2013—14 NHL regular season season, Tlustý scored 30 power points in 68 games.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

In July 2014, he signed a year-long extension contract with the Hurricanes and worth $2.95 million.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

[15] [16] At the NHL transfer deadline, in February 2015, the club traded Tlustý to the Winnipeg Jets in an exchange for a summer 2016 third-round draft pick and a summer 2015 fifth round reserve.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

[17] [18] Transfer to the Winnipeg Jets and a broken season at the New Jersey Devils In September 2015, Tlustý signed a year-long and one-way contract with the New Jersey Devils as a free agent.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

[19] He could only play 30 regular season games with a power score of 2+2=4 until Tlustý's season ended with a wrist injury sustained in January 2016.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

[20] In September 2016, he went to apply for a playing position at Colorado Avalanche's training camp, however, Tlustý failed to pass the club's fitness and health check and he was left without an extension contract.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

[21] Transfer to Kärppi In October 2016, Tlustý transferred to SM-liiga team Oulun Kärppi in a comprehensive contract for the rest of the 2016—17 season and lasting until mid-December.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

[22] In his acquisition, the company was assisted by e.g.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

Fly-backs Jussi Jokinen and Joni Pitkänen, who played as Tlustý's teammate for the Carolina Hurricanes.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

[21] Tlustý, acquired as a goalscorer, ultimately proved to be a disappointment and he scored only 1+4 in 14 matches.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

In December, Tlustý was reported to be leaving Kärp on his own initiative, after telling him the wrist injury that plagued him along the fall had prevented Tlusty from playing at his own level.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

He also announced that he was considering ending his entire playing career, as well as starting an insurance battle in North America.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

[23] National club Tlustý represented Czech Republic in World Cup competitions in 2013.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

In total, he has played 16 A-country matches with a power score of 2+4=6.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

Tlustý made his A national team debut at the Euro Hockey Challenge on 18 April 2012 in Prague against Slovakia.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

[1] His first A national team goal came in Tlustý's third game on 26 April 2012 at KajotBet Hockey Games in Brno against Sweden.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

[24] Tlustý also played in the under-20 World Cup competitions in 2006.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

The 2007 tournament he missed due to an ankle injury.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

[25] Tlustý also played in the European Under-18 World Championship competitions in 2005 and 2006, the latter tournament ending with bronze.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

He served in the tournament as captain of the Czech Republic.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

Tlustý was the top scorer for his team and shared the internal points exchange victory with David Květoň with powers of 4+3=7.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

He was selected for the constellation field of the tournament.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

[1] Tlustý was also selected at the conclusion of the quarterfinal match against Sweden as the best player of the Czech match.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

[26] He scored the opening goal of the match, which ended in a 0—3 win for the Czech Republic, which consequently missed the team's winning goal, taking the Czech Republic to the medal games.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

[27] Tlustý also played in the U-18 Junior World Cup in 2005, winning silver.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

He also played in the World U-17 Hockey Challenge in 2005, when Tlustý was the Czech top point man and scorer with powers of 5+4=9.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

In total, Tlustý has played 20 youth and 56 boys' country matches.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

[1] Statistics 2003—2004HC KladnoCzech Republic U20511031312100002004—2005HC KladnoCzech Republic U204215122754102248U18730322005—2006HC KladnoCzech Republic U2064262676136U1874378 HC Kladnočel44731051—————JMM400002006—2007Sault Ste.


Question: When was Jiří Tlustý born?

Jiří Tlustý

Marie Greyhoundsohl371321342813981714Toronto Marliesahl63144——————2007—2008Toronto Maple Leafsnhl581061614—————Toronto Marliesahl1471118819281082008—2009Toronto Maple Leafsnhl140440—————Toronto Marliesahl256661614————Toronto Marliesahl256661614————Toronto MarlieSahl256661614————Toronto MarlieSahl256661614——416626612322009—2010Toronto Maple LeafSNHL20000—————Toronto Marliesahl1987154————Carolina Hurricanesnhl181566—————Albany River Ratsahl20691510501102010—2011Carolina HurricanesNHL57661214——————Charlotte Checkersahl51124———————2011—2012Carolina HurricanesNHL7917193626——————————2012—2013HC Kladčc EL2412112312—————MM81348Carolina HurricanesNHL4823153818——————2013—2014Carolina HurricanesNHL6816143022— ———2014—2015Carolina HurricanesNHL5213102316——————Winnipeg Jetsnhl201784400002015—2016New Jersey Devilsnhl302246——————2016—2017Kärpätsm-League141454—————9 throughTotal HL4468988712006400000000998871200640000999887120064000000999887120064000000999887120064000000999887125 throughtotalAHL1305070120563031114102 throughTotal Čel6819143363——————1 seasontotalSM-league141454———— Sources at at References Category:Czech hockey players Category:Players booked by the Toronto Maple Leafs Class:Born in 1988 Class:Live persons


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

The Praetorian Guard or Praetorians (or Praetoriani) was a bodyguard guard of Roman emperors.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

The group consisted of premiership soldiers who received significantly better pay than regular soldiers.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[1] The Guard was stationed in Rome, and with it the emperor was able to prevent rebellions and crush unrest.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

It was the emperor's main protection against coups, but was at times also among his most dangerous enemies.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[2] The Praetorian Guard had a very large influence on the election of the emperor.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

The Guard, among other things, slain Caligula and elevated Claudius to emperor, participated in the conspiracy against Nero, as well as elevating Pertinax to the throne, but soon slain him.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[1] It could threaten with violence, carry out its threats and impose its will on the political establishment, especially the Senate.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

The Bodyguard Guard and its prefect often proved more dangerous to the Emperor than external threats.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

If the regular preference of soldiers was neglected, the Guard could, with sadness, get rid of the emperor and raise a new one.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

The end of the Praetorian Guard came in the early 3rd century.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Emperor Diocletian diminished the importance of the Praetorian Guard during his own period of rule, and eventually Emperor Constantine the Great dissolved the Guard in 312 and disposed of its base at Castra Praetorian, which had been located in Rome.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

History Origin of the Guard The Praetorian Guard's paragons were the bodyguards of the warlords of the Republic period (cohors praetoria amicorum).


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

During the republic, Roman officeholders had no official bodyguard corps.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

During the war expedition, the warlords assembled for themselves cohors praetoria units to act as their bodyguards.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

The name comes from the headquarters (praetorium) of the military camp.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Scipio Aemilianus Africanus had a bodyguard guard of 500 men during the Numantian War in 133 BCE.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[3] The term may also be used informally to designate friends or followers of a commander or landlord.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

In the first century BCE.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

the term may have meant troops acting as bodyguards.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

40s BC


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

towards the end, both Octavian and Mark Antony had praetorian cohorts.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Appianos explains that they divided between themselves 8000 veteran soldiers who were divided into Praetorian cohorts.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Antony had with him three cohorts in the east and, according to Orosius, Octavian was served by five cohorts at the Battle of Aktion in 31 BCE.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Octavianus won the civil war and upon his rise to become Rome's first emperor took the name Augustus.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

However, he did not abolish the Praetorian cohorts, instead choosing to maintain the Bodyguard even in peacetime.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[4] In 27 or 28 BC.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Augustus installed nine praetorian cohorts to protect himself and his family.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[5] During the time of Augustus and his successors, the Praetorian Guard established by Augustus had nine cohorts of 500 men commanded by war tribunes.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[1] Under Augustus, only three cohorts had been stationed in Rome, and even these had not been accommodated in the same place but in different parts of the city.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

The remaining cohorts were stationed in cities across Italy.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Augustus was wary of the Guard and did not want to show himself dependent on the Praetorians.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Initially, each cohort was an independent unit commanded by a knightly tribune, but in 2 BCE.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Augustus appointed two senior knightly men as Praetorian Prefects of the entire Guard.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[4] While the Guard was in Rome, its main task was to guard Augustus' home on Palatine Hill.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Other duties included escorting the emperor and members of the imperial family and acting as a kind of riot police if necessary.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

To avoid angering Roman citizens and violating the laws of the Republic, the Praetorians wore not armour in office but a toga, which was an accessory for civilians.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

In military attire, the Praetorians made only infrequent appearances.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[4] After the death of Augustus in 14 share.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

under his successor Tiberius, rebellions broke out against his conditions in the disaffected Rhine and Pannonian armies.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Units of the Praetorian Guard were sent to war for the first time.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Two praetorian cohorts and the cavalry of the Guard served Tiberius' son Drusus in defeating the Pannonian rebellion.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Praetorians also took part in Germanicus' war against the Germanics in 14—16.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[4] The reign of Tiberius also saw the rise and destruction of the ambitious Lucius Aelius Sejanus.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Sejanus had served as prefect of the Praetorian Guard alongside his father under Augustus but in the year 15 share.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

he became prefect of the entire Guard without a clerical partner.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

He was one of many Praetorian prefects who used his power to pursue their own ends.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

In 23 share.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Sejanus persuaded Tiberius to give permission for the entire Guard to be stationed in one camp at Castra praetoria on Viminalis Hill on the outskirts of Rome.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

After that, the Praetorians adopted Tiberius' zodiac sign Scorpio as their emblem.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Sejanus got his hands on a great deal of power, and he perhaps murdered Tiberius' son Drusus in 23 ja.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Sejanus tried to persuade Tiberius to appoint himself his heir and had little success, but his intrigues were revealed in 31 share.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

and was executed.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[4] [3] Caligula's assassination and Claudius' rise to power Tiberius' successor was Caligula, who rose to emperor in 37 with the support of Quintus Sutorius Macro, prefect of the Praetorian Guard.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

However, Caligula's term lasted only four years.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

It ended with his murder on January 24, 41.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

There may have been personal reasons behind the murder, and several Praetorian Guard officers were involved in the conspiracy.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Caligula had mocked a certain tribune of the Guard, Cassius Chaerea, for his whiny voice.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[6] Chaerea, along with two other officers of the Guard, had met Caligula in a secluded corridor in the palace and murdered him.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[7] After the murder, the Praetorians began looting the palace when, according to the story, they noticed Caligula's uncle Claudius hiding behind a curtain.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

The Praetorians called out Claudius to become emperor and carried him to their camp.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

This was the official story favored by Claudius himself.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

According to another story, after Caligula's murder, the Praetorians had discussed the situation in their camp.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

The Roman Senate was restoring a republic, but if there was no emperor, there would also be no need for a Praetorian Guard.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

The Praetorians needed a new emperor, and since Claudius was the only member of the ruler line in adulthood, they immediately set out in search of him to proclaim him emperor.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[8] After his rise to power, Claudius gave the Guard a salary of five years in advance as a reward.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

According to the drawing inscriptions, in 43 he took the Guards with him on a British war expedition.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[6] Emperor Nero and the Civil War of 69 Claudius died on 13 October 54.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

According to ancient sources, his wife Agrippina murdered him by poisoning.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Agrippina's son Nero became the new emperor, and the Praetorian Guard soon set about supporting him.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

In the period of Nero, the pretorian prefect Sextus Afranius Burrus had much influence.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Upon Burrus's death in 62, Faenius Rufus and Ofonius Tigellinus rose to become the new prefects.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Nero's actions caused discontent among some officers of the Guard, and Rufus participated in the conspiracy against Nero in 65.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

However, Tigellinus defeated the conspiracy and many people were executed, including Rufus.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

The Praetorians were rewarded by giving 500 denarii to each Guardsman.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[6] In 68, the Praetorian Guard rejected the unpopular Nero and positioned itself to support Galba.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Nero committed suicide and Galba became the new emperor.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

However, he refused to pay the monetary gifts promised to the Guard by the prefect Sabinus.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

This gave Marcus Salvius Otho the opportunity for a coup d'état.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Otho bribed a few soldiers of the Guard and, with their support, proclaimed himself emperor on 15 January 69.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

He managed to win the rest of the Guard over, and Galba was murdered.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[6] Even before Galba's death, Aulus Vitellius, the landlord of Lower Germania, had proclaimed himself emperor in January 69 and set out to march towards Rome.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Otho's forces, which included Praetorians and soldiers of the Danube Army, encountered Vitellius' forces at the Battle of Cremona on 14 April 69.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Otho's army suffered defeat, partly due to the indiscipline of the Praetorians.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

He committed suicide at 16.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

april.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[6] Vitellius took revenge on the Guard by executing its Kenturios and abolishing all cohorts.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Thereafter, he established sixteen new Praetorian cohorts, each numbering 1,000 men and consisting of his own soldiers.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

However, the civil war was not yet over: troops supported by Titus Flavius Vespasianus had declared their commander emperor and were now marching towards Rome.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

The Praetorians sacked by Vitellius joined the forces of Vespasianus.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

The armies of Vitellius and Vespasianus faced off in the Second Battle of Cremona in October 69.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

The battle ended with Vespasianus' victory.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Rome was overrun, and on 20 December 69 Vitellius was killed.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[6] Vespasianus, the ruler of the Flavius, was the first emperor of the Flavius' ruler family.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

He restored the number of praetorian cohorts to nine, and the new guard included soldiers from both Vitellius' cohorts and Vespasianus' troops.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Damaged in the civil war, the Castra praetoria was repaired and Vespasianus' son and heir Titus was appointed pretorian prefect.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

The Praetorians were extremely loyal to Flavius.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Upon Vespasianus' death in 79, Titus rose to become emperor, who only had time to rule for two years before his death in 81.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

The new emperor rose to be Titus' brother Domitianus, who increased the number of praetorian cohorts to ten.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

In the mid-80s, the Praetorians took part in battles in Germania and Dakia, and in 87 the Praetorian prefect Cornelius Fuscus was killed in a battle against the Dakians.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Domitianus was assassinated in 96, and was greatly mourned by the Praetorians.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[9] Marcus Cocceius Nerva, elected by the senate, who may have been implicated in the murder of Domitian, rose to become emperor.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

The Praetorians were outraged by the murder of Domitian and that he had not been declared a god, and demanded the execution of their prefect, Petronius Secundus.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

This had been implicated in a conspiracy.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[9] The Guard rebelled under Casperius Aelianus in October 97, taking Nerva hostage and demanding he hand over the murderers of Domitian to the Praetorians.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Nerva was forced to bend to the will of the Guard, and he was forced to make a public speech in which he thanked the Praetorians for their actions.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

The humiliation eroded Nerva's esteem among the soldiers.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Soon, Nerva announced that he would adopt the Upper Germanian landlord and popular warlord Marcus Ulpius Trajan and appoint him as his heir.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[10] Century At the end of the first century and early 10th century, the Guard participated in numerous wars against Rome's enemies and demonstrated their prowess in battles.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Nerva died on 27 January 98 and Trajan succeeded him to the throne.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Trajanus executed the Prefect of the Guard and his supporters.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

During his term, the Praetorian Guard participated in the wars against Dakia in 101—102 and 105—106, and in the Parthian War of 113—117.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

The Guard features prominently in Trajan's column depicting Dakian war expeditions.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[9] The Praetorian Guard participated in Lucius Verus' Parthian War of 162—166 and in Marcus Aurelius' war against the Germans in 169—175 and 178—180.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Two Praetorian prefects were killed in the wars, and the prowess of the Guard was celebrated in the column of Marcus Aurelius.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[12] After Marcus Aurelius' son Commodus ascended the throne in 180, the Guard reverted back into political intrigues.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Commodus was under the rule of his Pretorian prefects Sextus Tigidius Perennis and Marcus Aurelius Cleander.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Perennis's machinations were uncovered, and he was executed in 185.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Cleander rose to command of the Guard in 188, but was killed in 190.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Commodus again was assassinated on December 31, 192.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

At the head of the conspiracy was the prefect Laetus.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

The new emperor became Pertinax, who gave the Praetorians a bounty of 3000 denarii.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

However, his reign lasted only three months, ending on 28 March 193 when disgruntled Praetorians assassinated their emperor.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[12] This was followed by a famous event when the Guard auctioned the post of Emperor to the highest paying.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

The victory was taken by Senator Didius Julianus, who paid each of the Guards 25,000 sestertius.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

However, after the assassination of Pertinax, Septimius Severus, the Pannonian landlord, declared himself emperor and set out to conquer Rome.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

By early June 193, Severus' forces were already almost at the gates of Rome when the Praetorians announced they were abandoning Didius and supporting Severus.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Didius was killed and Severus marched without a fight to Rome.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

However, Severus did not trust the Guard, but tricked the Guardsmen out unarmed.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

The entire Guard was disbanded and re-established.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

For the new Praetorian Guard, Severus took soldiers from his own troops.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[12] [13] [14] The ruler of the Severustes The civil war was not yet over.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

In 194, Severus' forces defeated Pescennius Niger, who was pursuing the Empire, who was killed.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Severus' new Praetorian Guard fought against the forces of Clodius Albinus at the Battle of Lugdunum in 197.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

After being disposed, Albinus committed suicide, and the civil war ended.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

The Praetorian Guard took part in Severus's war expedition in the East from 197—202 and Britain from 208 until Severus' death in 211.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[12] Severus' successors were his sons Caracalla and Geta, who was nevertheless assassinated on Caracalla's orders in December 211.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Caracalla himself was killed as a victim of a conspiracy near Carrhae on 8 April 217.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

The order to murder was given by his Praetorian prefect, Marcus Opelius Macrinus, who had feared for his life.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Macrinus proclaimed himself emperor on 11 April, but a rebellion led by Julia Maesa, sister of Severus's wife Julia Domna, elevated the teenage Elagabalus to emperor in May 218.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Macrinus' forces, which also included the Praetorian Guard, lost a battle against Elagabalus's forces on 8 June 218 near Antioch.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[15] [12] According to Dion Kassios, the Praetorians were neck and neck when Macrinus suddenly fell for some reason under terror and fled the battlefield.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Angered by the cowardice of their commander, the Praetorians moved to the side of Elagabalus.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[16] The new emperor travelled to Rome, where he caused unease among the people and the army.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Eventually, the Praetorians rebelled against Elagabalus and, in March 222, murdered him and his mother.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[17] Severus Alexander, who was only 13 years old, was elevated to the new emperor.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

During his term, the Praetorians became out of control.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

The Guard murdered their hated prefect, Ulpianus, the jurist of the belonging, waged street battles against the people in Rome, and forced the historian Dion Kassios from the city.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[18] [12] In the crisis of the 2000s Severus Alexander was assassinated in 235, and Maximinus Thrax rose to become emperor.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

The so-called crisis of the 2000s is considered to have started from this moment.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

During it, the kingdom sank into chaos and anarchy.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

The Germans threatened the northern borders of the kingdom, one warlord after another seized power with the help of an army and rose to become emperor.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

In 238, most of the Praetorians were at the front when people angered at the repressive rule of the Guard besieged Castra praetorian in Rome.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

During the violence, a fire broke out in Rome, destroying much of the city.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Subsequently, the Praetorians murdered the emperors Pupienus and Balbinus for being dissatisfied with them and fearful that Pupienus would replace the entire Guard with his own troops.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[19] [12] Since the time of Marcus Aurelius, the discipline of the Guard had deteriorated considerably.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

This was caused by mixed conditions, pressure in the frontier regions and emperors unable to maintain order.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

As of 238, both literary and epigraphic sources are scarce and information on the Praetorians is scarce.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

In 249, the Praetorians murdered the son of Emperor Philippus Arabs in his camp, and under Emperor Aurelian (reigned 270—275), the Guard took part in the war expedition against Palmyra.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

In 297, the Guard accompanied Maximianus in Africa.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Emperor Diocletian (reigned 284—305) is said to have reduced the size of the Guard.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[12] End of the Praetorian Guard Emperors Diocletian and Maximianus retired in 305.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Their successors rose Galerius and Constantius, who nevertheless died the following year.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Thereafter, the British army proclaimed Constantius' son Constantine emperor.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

The Praetorian Guard made its last emperor by proclaiming Maximianus' son Maxentius emperor on 28 October 306.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Maxentius persecuted Christians and is said to have tasked the Guard with slaying them.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[12] Maxentius was besieged by his enemies, but his Praetorian prefect Rufius Volusianus succeeded in defeating the usurpator Domitius Alexander in 309 or 311.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[21] Finally, Constantine invaded Italy in 312 and defeated Pompeian, the prefect of Maxentius.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Maxentius prepared together with his Pretorians to confront Contantine's forces.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

He had built a pontoon bridge over the Tiber near the stone Mulvius Bridge.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

On October 28, the 312 armies encountered across the river.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Maxentius' Praetorians suffered defeat and attempted to retreat via a pontoon bridge.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

However, the bridge caved in, and the Praetorians who were crossing it were drowned.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Maxentius himself experienced the same fate.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[12] After the battle, Constantine disbanded the Praetorian Guard once and for all and ordered the western wall of Castra praetoria to be destroyed.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

The surviving Praetorians were transferred to other missions across the kingdom.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[13] The Guard was replaced by Constantine's own bodyguard corps, the scholaes.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

The post of pretorian prefect was retained, but became a civil post.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

The Praetorians were no longer re-established.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[12] Organization in the Praetorian Guard was initially nine cohorts, but Augustus increased the number for a short period to 12 cohorts.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Year 12 share.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

around the time, the number of praetorian cohorts again became nine when the three cohorts were converted into cohortes urbanae.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Drawing inscriptions reveal that the number of cohorts was increased again under Caligula or Claudius to 12.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Vitellius increased the number for a short period to 16 cohorts, but Vespasianus restored the number again in 76 to nine.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Domitianus established one new Praetorian cohort, bringing the number of cohorts to ten.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

At ten, the number of cohorts remained right up until the abolition of the Guard.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[22] From 2 BC.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

from onwards the Guard was under the command of two or one prefect, but the individual cohorts were increasingly organized independently.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

The cohort was commanded by a tribune who held senior kenturio as his subordinate title trecenarius as well as other ordinary kenturios of equal rank.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Each of them commanded an 80-man Kenturias.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[22] There has been controversy over the size of the cohorts, and they have certainly varied over the years.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

If they were the same size as the legions' cohorts, then there were initially about 500 men in each cohort organized into six 80-man Kenturias.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Tacitus reports that Vitellius' cohorts were each 1000 men in strength, but their correct size was perhaps 800 men, or the same strength as the first cohort of the legions.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Some evidence suggests that the size of the cohorts was increased to 1500 men under Commodus or Septimius Severus.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

It is estimated that the male strength of the entire Praetorian Guard was 4500—6000 men under Augustus, 12800 under Vitellius, 7200 under Vespasianus, 8000 between Domitian and Commodus or Severus, and 15000 after these.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[22] Most of the Guards were infantry, but the force also included a detachment of cavalry.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Based on the drawing inscriptions, soldiers of the Guard were allowed to enlist in the cavalry after about five years of service.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

These men remained on the lists of their original kenturia but operated together in 30-man turmae units commanded by an officer named option equitum.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Based on one plotline inscription, the number of these cavalry units was three for every cohort under Augustus, five in the late first century and 10th century, and ten for each cohort in the 2000s.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

The Praetorian Guard also included a unit of elite cavalry, speculatores Augusti, who served as the Emperor's bodyguard cavalry.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

The size of this unit is uncertain.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[22] Service in the Guard Service in the Praetorian Guard was highly sought after.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Men enjoy shorter service time and better pay than those in legions.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

In addition, the Guardsmen lived in comfortable and safer conditions in their camp in Rome than regular soldiers.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Based on drawing inscriptions, it is known that the enlisted men were between 15 and 32 years of age, a larger bracket than in legions where the age range was 18—23.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

During the reign of Vitellius (reigned 69) and from the reign of Septimius Severus (reigned 193—211) onward, men from the Roman vigiles unit, cohortes urbanae and legions could be transferred to the Praetorian Guard.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

This became the normal form of recruitment in the 2000s.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[23] According to Tacitus, during the reign of Emperor Tiberius (14—37), Praetorians were recruited mainly from Etruria, Umbria and Latium.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Dion Kassios reports that before the time of Septimius Severus, the Praetorians came only from Italy, Hispania, Macedonia, and Noricum.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Drawing inscriptions confirm that most of the recruits were in the first and second centuries share.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

native to central and northern Italy and the regions mentioned by Dio.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

The Guards were recruited mainly from the richest and most romanized areas of the empire.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

However, under Septimius Severus, a change came.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Severus sacked the unruly Praetorians and replaced them with his own troops from the Danube region.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

The Italians were thereafter no longer recruited at all; the Praetorians were predominantly native to the Romanized provinces of the Danube region.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[23] The Praetorians served since 5 BC.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

since in the Guard for 16 years.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

The period of service in the Cohortes urbanae corps was 20 years, and in the legions 25.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

In 27 BC.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Augustus adjusted the salary of the praetorians to be twice that of the legionaries.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

In 14 share.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Praetorians received 720 denarii per year, which was three times more than the legionaries.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Tiberius gave the Praetorians a bonus of 1000 denarii after the death of Sejanus in 31 share.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Claudius gave them five years' pay in advance upon their rise to power.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

According to Suetonius, he was thus the first emperor to buy the loyalty of the Guard.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Most of the emperors followed Claudius' example and, upon rising to power, bestowed a plush monetary gift to the Praetorians, when on the other hand, the legions often received nothing.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

On retiring, the Praetorians received 5000 denarii while the legionnaires received 3000.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

And, unlike in the legions, the Praetorians received a bronze document legalizing their first marriage and the children resulting from them.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Before the time of Septimius Severus, soldiers were not allowed to marry.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

The big difference in the treatment of the praetorians and legionaries was, of course, due to the presence of the Guard in Rome and their ability to elevate and overthrow emperors.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[23] Value Scale of the Praetorian Guard rank scale in exalting order [24] milesordinary soldiers.immunessoldiers serving in specialized posts such as scribe or technician.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

They had been relieved of arduous duties.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[25] principaleskenturies inferior officers.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[26] Serving as guard officers, auxiliary kenturio, kenturian war marker, or prefect staff.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[23] evocati Augusti16 years served who did not want to retire.kenturiocommanded a unit of 80 men, kenturios.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

A very authoritative and well-paid post.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[23] The elder kenturio, trecenarius, served as a subordinate to the tribune.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

[22] Commander of the tribune cohort, commander of the procurator prefect guard.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

See also Shadow Guard Equites singulares Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Boris Rankov| title = The Praetorian Guard| publisher = Osprey Publishing| year = 1994| id = ISBN 9781855323612| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only use for in File namespace.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.| accessdate = 16.3.2011}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Paavo Castrén and Leena Pietti-Castrén| title = Ancient Handbook | publisher = Otava| year = 2000| id = ISBN 951-1-12387-4}} Citation replace error, error with {{cite book| author = Pat Southern| title= The Roman army: a social and institutional history| publisher = ABC-CLIO| year=2006| id=ISBN 9781851097302| language = Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.| accessdate = 16.3.2011}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Nigel Cawthorne| title = The Immortals: History's Fighting Elites| publisher = MBI Publishing Company| year = 2009| id = ISBN 9780760337523| language = error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

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Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

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Question: What does the Praetorian Guard mean?

Praetorian Guard

References on the topic Elsewhere Category:Roman military history Category:91.17 Antiques


Question: When was HMS Castleton manufactured?

Town-class destroyer

The Town class was a class of escort destroyers obtained from the United States Navy of the British Royal Navy in World War II.


Question: When was HMS Castleton manufactured?

Town-class destroyer

On 2 September 1940, the countries signed the Destroyers Naval Bases Agreement (), whereby the United States will surrender 50 destroyers and receive bases from the Bahamas as their payment, as well as elsewhere in the Caribbean Sea.


Question: When was HMS Castleton manufactured?

Town-class destroyer

Ships of the class served in both the Royal Navy and the Canadian Navy.


Question: When was HMS Castleton manufactured?

Town-class destroyer

At the end of the war, the ships were transferred to the Norwegian, Dutch and Soviet navies.


Question: When was HMS Castleton manufactured?

Town-class destroyer

The ships were named after cities found in both the United States and the British Isles.


Question: When was HMS Castleton manufactured?

Town-class destroyer

Ships transferred to the Canadian Navy were named after rivers with the exception of Annapolis.


Question: When was HMS Castleton manufactured?

Town-class destroyer

[1] Wickes, Caldwell and Clemson-class destroyers entered service at the end of World War I and after the end of World War I, of which there were about 70 units in reserve stores.


Question: When was HMS Castleton manufactured?

Town-class destroyer

They were equivalent to the Royal Navy's V and W class ships, but externally they looked considerably older with their four flue flues.


Question: When was HMS Castleton manufactured?

Town-class destroyer

Although the ships belonged to three classes, however, they had their characteristics to be divided into four classes.


Question: When was HMS Castleton manufactured?

Town-class destroyer

[1] At the time of surrender, the ships were armed with four four-inch guns as well as four three-tubed 21-inch torpedo tubes.


Question: When was HMS Castleton manufactured?

Town-class destroyer

However, only three of the cannons were available at a time, as two of them were mounted on the flanks.


Question: When was HMS Castleton manufactured?

Town-class destroyer

The torpedo tubes took up plenty of deck space and at the same time increased the cover weight of the ships.


Question: When was HMS Castleton manufactured?

Town-class destroyer

[1] The first ship (USS Aaron Ward) began her transition as early as 4 September from Boston to Halifax, where it was renamed HMS Castleton.


Question: When was HMS Castleton manufactured?

Town-class destroyer

Already a couple of days later the next ships followed.


Question: When was HMS Castleton manufactured?

Town-class destroyer

[1] However, modification work The surrendered ships were not suitable for their intended task of escorting convoys in the northern Atlantic.


Question: When was HMS Castleton manufactured?

Town-class destroyer

They were unnecessarily fast and their armament was unsuitable for anti-submarines.


Question: When was HMS Castleton manufactured?

Town-class destroyer

In addition, they were difficult to handle in the Atlantic wave.


Question: When was HMS Castleton manufactured?

Town-class destroyer

[2] The Admiralty made the decision to convert the ships to be better suited to the task.


Question: When was HMS Castleton manufactured?

Town-class destroyer

Due to the large number of ships, they underwent varying degrees of modification work in large numbers, but as a common modification, the ships had their X cannon removed as well as half of the torpedo tubes.


Question: When was HMS Castleton manufactured?

Town-class destroyer

A US three-inch anti-aircraft cannon at the Y position was switched to a British three-inch or twelve-nail X turret site.


Question: When was HMS Castleton manufactured?

Town-class destroyer

[2] Ships were fitted with radars of Type 271 on the bridge as soon as they were available, as was mast-top radar 286.


Question: When was HMS Castleton manufactured?

Town-class destroyer

The radar at the mast-peak was switched to Type 290 or 291 radars later.


Question: When was HMS Castleton manufactured?

Town-class destroyer

The number of depth charge bombs on the ships was increased and sonars were fitted.


Question: When was HMS Castleton manufactured?

Town-class destroyer

[2] Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hague, Arnold| title= Destroyers for Great Britain - A History of the 50 Town Class Ships Transferred from the United States to Great Britain in 1940| location = Annapolis, Maryland| publisher = Naval Institute Press| year = 1990| id = ISBN 0-87021-782-8| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When was HMS Castleton manufactured?

Town-class destroyer

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.}


Question: When was HMS Castleton manufactured?

Town-class destroyer

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Whitley M J| title=Destroyers of World War Two - an international encyclopedia| location = London| publisher = Arms and Armour| year = 1988| id=ISBN 0-85368-910-5| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When was HMS Castleton manufactured?

Town-class destroyer


Question: When was HMS Castleton manufactured?

Town-class destroyer

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Gardiner Robert (ed.


Question: When was HMS Castleton manufactured?

Town-class destroyer

) | title = Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906-1921| location = London, England| publisher = Conway Maritime Press| year = 1985| id = ISBN 0-85177-245-5| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When was HMS Castleton manufactured?

Town-class destroyer


Question: When was HMS Castleton manufactured?

Town-class destroyer


Question: When was HMS Castleton manufactured?

Town-class destroyer

) | title = Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922-1946| location = London, England| publisher = Conway Maritime Press| year = 1987| id = ISBN 0-85177-146-7| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When was HMS Castleton manufactured?

Town-class destroyer


Question: When was HMS Castleton manufactured?

Town-class destroyer

References


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literature

Bengali lettering [1] is an abugida-type writing system developed from Brahmi writing and used in Bangladesh and much of north-eastern India.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literature

It is the principal writing system in Bengali and Assamese language and is also used to write numerous minority languages of the region.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literature

In the 10th century, the lettering began to differentiate itself from its predecessor nagari writing.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literature

It is closely related to, among others, Oriyan and Gujaratian literal, as well as devanagari.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literature

The Bengali text is characterized by the abundant use of consonant ligatures.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literature

Different variations of the letter are used in different languages; the Bengali alphabet includes 35 consonants and 11 vowels, the Assamese alphabet again has 37 consonants and 11 vowels.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literature

History and use thumbnail image|Bengali-language sign at Siddheswari Shankar Temple in Andul, West Bengal.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literature

The parent form of Bengali lettering was the Nagari letter, which has its roots in ancient Brahmi writing and from which are also differentiated among others such as Devanagari, Gujaratian literal and Oriyan lettering.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literature

[2] The Bengali alphabet began to differentiate from nagar in the 10th century jaa., [3] and to write Assamese it began to be developed around the year 1200.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literature

[4] The Englishman Charles Wilkins developed Bengali print letters in the 18th century, and the first printed Bengali text with contemporary lettering was published in 1778.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literature

[3] The first printed text in Assamese, on the other hand, was Atmaram Sarma's translation of the Bible in 1813.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literature

[4] Today, Bengali letters are in wide use in Bangladesh and the eastern part of India.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literature

In addition to Bengali and Assamese, the letter is used to write bishnupriya, bodo, garo, manipur, mundar, rangpur, sadri, santali and sylhet, among others.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

[5] Bengali letters are written, like the Latin alphabet, from left to right, leaving word spacing between words.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

A vertical line mark is used for the status of the point () ), and other punctuation marks, such as the comma, parentheses, and question mark, are borrowed from Latin literal.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

Literature does not distinguish between lower case and capital letters.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

[5] Literature Consonants There are slightly different variations used in different languages.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

The Bengali alphabet comprises 35 and 37 consonants in the Assamese alphabet; Bengali lacks the Assamese consonants</big></big><i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[3920,3926,2,2]}'>va [note 1] and<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[3985,3993,2,2]}'>khya.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

[4] The consonant is not its own letter in Bengali, but is used to denote the consonant combination kṣa.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

[3] The letter RA is a dotted in Bengali, while in Assam the cross-line letter is used instead of it.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

[3] [4] In Mundar, a dotted</big><i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[4432,4438,2,2]}'>a consonant is used to indicate a retroflex lateral sound.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

Bengali letters</big></big></big></big></big></big><i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[4543,4549,2,2]}'>ña,<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[4569,4575,2,2]}'>śa<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[4595,4601,2,2]}'>, ṣa<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[4622,4628,2,2]}'>, ṛa,<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[4649,4656,2,2]}'>ṛha and <i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[4679,4685,2,2]}'>a is not used in mundar, so its alphabet includes a total of 30 consonants.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

[6] The Bengali alphabet does not have its own letter marker for the phoneme [w], but is written according to the situation either</big></big></big><i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[8933,8939,2,2]}'>with a consonant a,<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[8970,8975,2,2]}'>vowel u or vowel <i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[9009,9014,2,2]}'>o.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

[7] In Assam, [w] is spelled with its own letter va. [4], unlike most Indo-Aryan languages, there is no distinction between retroflex ([]) and dental ([ttddd]) clusicles, but the corresponding letters are pronounced alveolar ([t tdd])]).


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

[4] Both Assam and Bengali have exited retroflexinasal [], for which the reserved letter ṇa is now pronounced in the same way as na.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

[3] [4] The consonant ña is pronounced in Bengali at the beginning of a word and between vowels [j].


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

Ahead of the palatal consonants (ca, cha, and jha), ña is voiced as the palatal nasal [].


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

[7] In Assam, where ca, cha, and jha do not pronounce as palatal, the sound value of the letter ña is always [j].


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

[4] Bengali s letters are all pronounced by default as a mouthtone [], except for the phonemes [t], [n], [r] and [l] above, in which case their sound value is [s].


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

[7] In Assam, śa, ṣa and sa are all pronounced as fricative [x], and the letters ca and cha are used to express the s-phoneme.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

[4] Successive consonants A large number of ligatures are used in Bengali text to represent successive consonants.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

Much of the consonant combinations are formed by writing the letters either underside or side by side so that the latter consonant is joined to the vertical line of the preceding letter.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

[3]</big></big></big></big></big><i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[11105,11111,2,2]}'>ka +<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[11132,11138,2,2]}'>ka →<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[11161,11168,2,2]}'>ka ka<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[11189,11195,2,2]}'>ga + </big></big></big></big></big><idata-parsoid='{"dsr":[11216,11222,2,2]}'>la →<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[11245,11252,2,2]}'>gla<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[11273,11279,2,2]}'>ṇa +<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[11300,11306,2,2]}'>ṭa → ṇṭa<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[11329,11336,2,2]}'>ṇṭa </big></big></big></big></big><idata-parsoid='{"dsr":[11357,11363,2,2]}'>da +<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[11384,11390,2,2]}'>ba →<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[11413,11420,2,2]}'>dba dba<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[11443,11449,2,2]}'>na +<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[11470,11476,2,2]}'>da → </big></big></big></big></big><idata-parsoid='{"dsr":[11499,11506,2,2]}'>nda<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[11527,11533,2,2]}'>na +<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[11554,11560,2,2]}'>na →<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[11583,11590,2,2]}'>nna<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[11611,11617,2,2]}'>ma + </big></big></big></big></big><idata-parsoid='{"dsr":[11638,11644,2,2]}'>ma →<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[11667,11674,2,2]}'>mma<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[11695,11701,2,2]}'>śa +<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[11722,11728,2,2]}'>ca →<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[11751,11758,2,2]}'>śca <i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[11792,11798,2,2]}'>ra terminating consonant combinations are formed by adding a wave-like horizontal line below the preceding consonant.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

[3] The ligature form may include three consecutive consonants in some cases.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

</big></big></big></big></big></big><i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[12048,12054,2,2]}'>ṭa +<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[12075,12081,2,2]}'>ra →<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[12104,12111,2,2]}'>ṭra<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[12132,12138,2,2]}'>pa +<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[12159,12165,2,2]}'>ra → </big></big></big></big><idata-parsoid='{"dsr":[12188,12195,2,2]}'>pra<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[12216,12222,2,2]}'>ṣa +<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[12243,12249,2,2]}'>ṭa +<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[12270,12276,2,2]}'>− ra →<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[12301,12309,2,2]}'>ṣṭra Some combinations are irregular and cannot be directly deduced from independent spellings of consonants.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

[3]</big></big></big></big></big></big><i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[12478,12484,2,2]}'>ka +<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[12505,12511,2,2]}'>ra →<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[12534,12541,2,2]}'>kra<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[12562,12568,2,2]}'>ka +<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[12589,12595,2,2]}'>ṣa → </big></big></big></big></big><idata-parsoid='{"dsr":[12618,12625,2,2]}'><i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[12646,12652,2,2]}'>kṣa a +<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[12673,12679,2,2]}'>ga<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[12702,12709,2,2]}'>→ ga<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[12730,12736,2,2]}'>ta + </big></big></big></big><idata-parsoid='{"dsr":[12757,12763,2,2]}'>ta →<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[12786,12793,2,2]}'>tta<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[12814,12820,2,2]}'>ta +<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[12841,12847,2,2]}'>ra →<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[12870,12877,2,2]}'>Para an irregular pronunciation has formed from consonant combinations.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

In Bengali</big><i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[12981,12988,2,2]}'>jña is pronounced as [gː] in the middle of the word, and at the beginning of the word it is pronounced as a short [g] -pronunciation, nasalizing the following vowel.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

[7] The combination</big><i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[13172,13179,2,2]}'>hya is pronounced in Bengali [dd].


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

The ligature kṣa, which in Assamese is its own letter, is pronounced in Bengali [kk].


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

[7] Combinations ending in consonants ba, ma and ya are pronounced in Bengali in the middle of the word by duplicating the preceding consonant, and at the beginning of the word these combinations are pronounced as mere preceding consonants.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

At the beginning of the word, ma-ending combinations also nasalize the following vowel.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

In several cases, a ya-ending consonant combination causes the vocal value of the following a or ā vowel to change to the front vowel [æ].


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

[7] Śbāsa [) abyaa [ːbbəe] pratyeka [prottek] Vowels The Bengali literal is of the type abugida, meaning that a single letter character, as a rule, describes a syllable formed from a consonant and a vowel.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

The consonant is followed by the base vowel a by default, unless another vowel extension has been added to the letter.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

Vowels following a consonant are marked as precise marks under the consonant or to the right or left of it.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

At the beginning of a word or after a vowel, vowels are marked with their own independent characters.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

[7] Both the Bengali and Assamese alphabets include 11 vowels.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

[3] [4] The Garo alphabet lacks the vowels ū and r, [8] and the sylhet alphabet lacks r, ai, and au.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

[9] Only six vowels are used in Mundar: a, ā, i, u, e, and o.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

[6] In Sanskrit, the long and short syllables are read among the vowels the supporting r (alveolar tremulant) and l (dental lateral).


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

These phonemes do not appear as vowels in modern Bengali, but the lettering contains as a remnant of this a mark for a short vowel r with a voice value of [ri] today.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

[7] For writing Sanskrit, the vowels r, land l, which do not belong to the Bengali or Assamese language alphabet, are additionally used for writing Sanskrit.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

[10] The vowel a has two voice values in Bengali.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

In native words, a vowel is most often pronounced as [o] if a concise vowel or half-vowel ([i], [u], [j] or [w]) occurs in the syllable following it.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

In other cases, the vote value of a is [].


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

[7] In other languages that use Bengali literal, the base vowel indicates different phonemes; for example, the basic vowel of Garo and Mundar is [a].


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

[8] [6] From Bengal and Assamese, the distinction between long and short vowels has been lost in history.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

However, letters denoting long vowels have been retained in the letterpress, which follows that the same vowel sound can now be written with two different letters—both i and ī are pronounced [i], and both u and are pronounced as [u].


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

[7] [4] As a result, words that are similarly pronounced but have different spelling appear in languages.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

For example, the words “kula” (Finnish: “family roots”) and kūla (Finnish: “ranta”) are both pronounced [kul].


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

[7] Accurate In addition to vowel definitions, there are five precise characters in the Bengali literal language.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

Virama (in Bengali and Assamese hasanta) denotes the absence of the default vowel a in some cases.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

[3] However, the absence of a vowel is left unmarked in some cases, and it is not always clear from the spelling whether a written consonant follows a vowel or not.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

For example, the spelling</big><i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[20021,20029,2,2]}'>mata has two voice values in Bengali with different meanings — as a noun, the meaning of the word is “opinion” and is pronounced without the end vowel [mə t].


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

The similarly written postposition “roughly” is instead pronounced with the ending vowel [moto].


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

[7] The chordless dental clusil at the end of a syllable is denoted, depending on the word, either by the consonant</big><i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[20449,20455,2,2]}'>ta or the khaṇḍa ta precision attached to the preceding letter.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

[3] The velar nasal at the end of the syllable is denoted by the anusbāra precision, the counterpart of which is used in devanagar to denote the nasal vowel.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

[3] [7] In Bengali literal, the candrabindu precision is used to nasalize a vowel.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

The chordless glottal fricative at the end of a syllable is expressed by a bisarga precision.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

[3] Numbers in Bengali lettering have their own numbers, which are used like Arabic numerals in the ten-system.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

[7] [3] [4] Standardization The letter code for Bengali lettering in ISO 15924 is “Beng” and number code 325.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

[11] In Unicode, Bengali letters rank in block 0980—09FF.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

[10] The block contains characters for Bengali consonants and independent forms of vowels, and vowel quantifiers attached to the consonant have their own distinct characters.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

For example, the letter character ki is formed from two Unicode characters: the consonant ka and the vowel extension i. In Unicode representation, the vowel standard is always added after the consonant, regardless of whether the precise is drawn when writing to the right or left of the consonant.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

Two-part vowel extensions are described by a single character, for example ko consists of the characters ka and o.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

[12] Combinations of successive consonants are denoted in Unicode by a hasanta sign added after the first consonant.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literal

For example, a combination of kla is obtained by writing sequentially ka, (hasanta) and la.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literature

If a consonant is to be marked with an explicit hasanta precision rather than combined with the next consonant, one must add an invisible ZWNJ control sign (engl) after the hasanta sign.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literature

zero-width non-joiner).


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literature

For example, a combination of ka + hasanta + ZWNJ + la yields the letters.


Question: Who developed the Gudžaratian letterwork?

Bengali Literature

[12] Notes Sources on the topic elsewhere Category:Alphabets


Question: How many people died in the sinking of Estonia?

The sinking of Estonia

Coordinates: The sinking of the passenger car ferry M/S Estonia occurred at 1:50am on 28 September 1994 [1] while on its route from Tallinn to Stockholm.


Question: How many people died in the sinking of Estonia?

The sinking of Estonia

Estonia's scheduled arrival time in Stockholm was 9:30 a.m., but at about 1.15am south of the island of Uö, the ship's bow visor ripped off by the force of the waves and water began flooding the car deck.


Question: How many people died in the sinking of Estonia?

The sinking of Estonia

[2] Because of this, the ship tilted at first about 15 degrees, and shortly thereafter 30 to 40 degrees to the right.


Question: How many people died in the sinking of Estonia?

The sinking of Estonia

The inclination also caused water to start flooding in from doors and windows on decks 3, 4 and 5 that broke waves.


Question: How many people died in the sinking of Estonia?

The sinking of Estonia

Subsequently, the ship could not have been saved again.


Question: How many people died in the sinking of Estonia?

The sinking of Estonia

The sinking of the ship was swift and inevitable.


Question: How many people died in the sinking of Estonia?

The sinking of Estonia

The wreck is located in the International Marine Area [3] at coordinates [4] about 22 nautical miles (40 kilometres) south-southeast of Uö.


Question: How many people died in the sinking of Estonia?

The sinking of Estonia

The wreck rests at a depth of about 80 feet.


Question: How many people died in the sinking of Estonia?

The sinking of Estonia

[4] 989 people were on board at the time of the accident, of which 852 were killed.


Question: How many people died in the sinking of Estonia?

The sinking of Estonia

[5] A total of 137 onboard [5], or 94 passengers and 43 crew members, were rescued from the sea at the scene of the accident.


Question: How many people died in the sinking of Estonia?

The sinking of Estonia

Among the dead were citizens of 17 countries.


Question: How many people died in the sinking of Estonia?

The sinking of Estonia

Most of the victims were Swedes and Estonians.


Question: How many people died in the sinking of Estonia?

The sinking of Estonia

There were 501 Swedish citizens, 285 Estonians, 17 Latvians, 11 Russians, 10 Finns and 10 Germans.


Question: How many people died in the sinking of Estonia?

The sinking of Estonia

[5] There were also 15 Swedish Finns among Swedish citizens.


Question: How many people died in the sinking of Estonia?

The sinking of Estonia

The ship also carried passengers from, among others, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Denmark and Norway.


Question: How many people died in the sinking of Estonia?

The sinking of Estonia

Well-known people killed in the Estonia disaster included Estonian musician Urmas Alender, Swedish politician and former Reichstag Lennart Pettersson, and Swedish singer-songwriter Pierre Isacsson, who worked on board as a cruise host and performer.


Question: How many people died in the sinking of Estonia?

The sinking of Estonia

The youngest to be saved from Estonia were a 14-year-old Norwegian and a 16-year-old Russian boy.


Question: How many people died in the sinking of Estonia?

The sinking of Estonia

The crew was Estonian-Swedish, but there were also Russians and Latvians among them.


Question: How many people died in the sinking of Estonia?

The sinking of Estonia

Workers were also from Ukraine.


Question: How many people died in the sinking of Estonia?

The sinking of Estonia

[6] Special attention was taken to the closure of the bow gates when, on 6 March 1987, the British Townsend Thoresen shipping company's car ferry M/S Herald of Free Enterprise crashed after hawking water through its bow onto a car deck on the Belgian coast.


Question: How many people died in the sinking of Estonia?

The sinking of Estonia

However, the main factor in the Estonia accident was apparently not the bow gate left open.


Question: How many people died in the sinking of Estonia?

The sinking of Estonia

The Estonia accident contributed to the SOLAS (Safety of Life At Sea) agreement as defined by the UN International Maritime Organization IMO.


Question: How many people died in the sinking of Estonia?

The sinking of Estonia

The new convention set more stringent requirements for leakage severity of cargo ferries and locking of bow gates and unlockable ramps, as well as controlling interlocks than before.


Question: How many people died in the sinking of Estonia?

The sinking of Estonia

In Finland, Commodore Raimo Tiilikainen was led by Commodore Raimo Tiilikainen, Commander of the Archipelago Sea Coast Guard, and the accident investigation was led by the Chairman of the Ministry of Justice's Major Accident Investigation Planning Board, Deputy Judge Kari Lehtola.


Question: How many people died in the sinking of Estonia?

The sinking of Estonia

Tiilikainen subsequently served from 1995 to 1999 as an MP for the RKP.