Question: What is the most conventional definition of a village?

Dialect

The individual dialect, idiolect, is the speech parsi of one person.


Question: What is the most conventional definition of a village?

Dialect

All the registers used by the individual (human speaks differently in different contexts) are read into it.


Question: What is the most conventional definition of a village?

Dialect

Since the way we speak changes and develops over time, it is worth limiting the individual dialect to a specific period of time.


Question: What is the most conventional definition of a village?

Dialect

Regional dialects, idiolects and sociolects, differ not only in vocabulary, but there are also differences in grammar, phonemes and emphasis.


Question: What is the most conventional definition of a village?

Dialect

A language and dialect boundary cannot be drawn between language and dialect.


Question: What is the most conventional definition of a village?

Dialect

In linguistics, the standard definition is that if speakers of language forms can understand each other without either having to individually learn each other's language, then dialects of the same language, otherwise different languages.


Question: What is the most conventional definition of a village?

Dialect

[1] Even this definition is still problematic, since in many borderline cases the speakers of language forms understand each other as, but insufficiently.


Question: What is the most conventional definition of a village?

Dialect

There are also dialect continuum, that is, regions within which dialects vary gradually so that the inhabitants of the extremes of the region do not understand each other, but at no point along the way is there such a steep boundary on different sides of which neighbours do not understand each other.


Question: What is the most conventional definition of a village?

Dialect

Such dialect continuum existed especially during the old agrarian society, when people moved little and rarely had to deal with the literary language.


Question: What is the most conventional definition of a village?

Dialect

One of these was formed, for example, by dialects of Dutch, Lower and Upper German from the Dutch coast to Austria.


Question: What is the most conventional definition of a village?

Dialect

[1] Due to the lack of separation between language and dialect, it is also difficult to determine how many languages are spoken in the world.


Question: What is the most conventional definition of a village?

Dialect

Often sociolinguistically, however, a dialect is referred to as a dialect solely because it has no literature, because it is not normed, because its speakers have no state of their own, or because it is not valued.


Question: What is the most conventional definition of a village?

Dialect

The classification of a language form as a language or dialect, and its kinship with other speech pars can be unclear and controversial - just as is a policy that strongly influences the status of the language (Macedonian language, for example).


Question: What is the most conventional definition of a village?

Dialect

Also, Norwegian and Swedish (whose speakers understand each other) would probably be considered different dialects of the same language without a state limit.


Question: What is the most conventional definition of a village?

Dialect

Rauma dialect, on the other hand, is considered a dialect of Finnish, although it is not understood by the mainstream population.


Question: What is the most conventional definition of a village?

Dialect

In many cases, especially of the related language forms spoken in Europe, have been considered to be different languages specifically those that are the official language of a state, which Max Weinreich has worded as saying: “A language is a dialect whose speakers have the army, the navy and the State Department.”


Question: What is the most conventional definition of a village?

Dialect

In anthropological linguistics, a dialect is the spoken language form of some language.


Question: What is the most conventional definition of a village?

Dialect

That is, language and dialect are distinguished by the fact that the former is an abstract and general concept, while the latter is concrete and specific.


Question: What is the most conventional definition of a village?

Dialect

From this point of view, the language is not spoken by anyone; everyone speaks a dialect of the language.


Question: What is the most conventional definition of a village?

Dialect

Those who consider some dialect to be the “right”, better form of the language than others, actually use these terms to bring out social difference.


Question: What is the most conventional definition of a village?

Dialect

The literary language is often mainly similar to the sociolect of the metropolitan elite.


Question: What is the most conventional definition of a village?

Dialect

When value settings are forgotten, dialect can simply refer to minor regional differences in language forms that are considered mutually intelligible.


Question: What is the most conventional definition of a village?

Dialect

The speech party reveals the stranger, and tells about the origin of the guest; the village or district, or what region he is from.


Question: What is the most conventional definition of a village?

Dialect

For example, Navajo and Apache, the indigenous languages of North America, have many obvious, widely distributed dialects, by which linguists mean only that despite the variation, speakers largely understand each other and are aware that everyone speaks generally at the same time way.


Question: What is the most conventional definition of a village?

Dialect

The status of language is not only determined by linguistic criteria, but is also the result of historical and political developments.


Question: What is the most conventional definition of a village?

Dialect

The rhetoromal that has reached the status of a literary language is recognized as its own language, although it is not much different from the Alpine dialects of Lombardy.


Question: What is the most conventional definition of a village?

Dialect

Swedish, Norwegian and Danish are also understood as different languages, although they are quite well understood among themselves.


Question: What is the most conventional definition of a village?

Dialect

The opposite example case is the Chinese language, whose forms are often considered dialects rather than languages because they share a common writing system - ignoring the fact that their mutual intelligibility is nonexistent.


Question: What is the most conventional definition of a village?

Dialect

See also Finnish dialects Sources on the topic elsewhere.


Question: What is the most conventional definition of a village?

Dialect

Yle Living Archive.


Question: What is the most conventional definition of a village?

Dialect

Category:Dialects Category:Key articles in screening


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

Länsimetro () is a partially deployed [1] extension of the Helsinki Metro to Southern Espoo.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

The first phase, introduced in November 2017, comprises a westward extension of the metro line up to Matinkylä metro station, with eight new stations.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

Its length is 13.9 kilometers long.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

The second phase continues the metro until Kivlahti metro station.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

To save costs, the station platforms were shortened by a third, causing the maximum capacity of the entire existing Eastern Metro line to be reduced as well.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

The solution, which saved EUR 50 million, was reached because otherwise Espoo would not necessarily have agreed to the metro project.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[2] In 2018, it is predicted that the Western Metro will run out of capacity in 2023 and a turnstile rail to Matinkylä has been proposed as a solution.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[3] Metro lines M1 and M2 have run since the completion of the first phase from the terminus of the previous metro line from Ruoholahti via Lauttasaari, Otaniemi and Tapiola to Matinkylä.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

The M1 runs between Matinkylä — Vuosaari and M2 between Tapiola—Mellunmäki.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[4] Bus services in Espoo and Lauttasaari switched to an access model on 3 January 2018.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

Construction work on the Länsimetro began in November 2009, and excavation work on the first phase was completed in late February 2014.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

The project plan for the second phase was completed in spring 2012, and construction work started in Suomenoja in December 2014.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

The second phase was originally scheduled to be completed in 2020, [5] but the date was subsequently postponed to 2023, and service could begin in either 2023 or 2024.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[6] When the second construction phase is completed, the whole of Southern Espoo (Suur-Tapiola, Suur-Matinkylä and Suur-Espoonlahti) will be covered by rail transport.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

History Planning and Construction Decision Joint Helsing-Espoo Project A metro line similar to Länsimetro was proposed to be built already in the planning phase of the Helsinki metro.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

For example, the metro to Espoo appeared in the 1968 Smith-Polvinen transport plan.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[7] In August 2006, the Espoo City Government decided to support the implementation of the Western Metro from Ruoholahti to Matinkylä.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[8] The city council was tipped to support the implementation of the Western Metro in September of the same year.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[9] The Master Plan for Western Metro was completed in 2007.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

The cities of Espoo and Helsinki established Länsimetro Oy, which became responsible for the implementation of the first and second stages of construction of Länsimetro.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[10] The company is owned by the City of Espoo with 72% share and Helsinki with 28% share.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

The Espoo City Council adopted a decision on the implementation of the first phase of the metro in May 2008.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[11] Metro costs are distributed on a “cross-border” basis between cities: [12] 72% of the costs go to Espoo and 28% to Helsinki.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[13] The subway project was supported by the State with a 30% grant.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[12] Other Alternatives of Metro Espoo conducted a comparison of different transport systems in 2002, comparing metro, express tramway and bus system.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[14] The Environmental Impact Assessment Report (EIA) of the rail link, completed in December 2005, identified other forms of public transport, such as the express tramway and the continuation-trimmed bus network.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[14] A counter-proposal designated as TramWest was put together by a dozen transportation professionals, students and enthusiasts, which put forward the replacement of the subway with a wider network of express trams.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

The group estimated the price of the 57-mile-long TramWest network at €365 million at the time of its presentation in March 2006.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[15] TramWest supporters claimed it was cheaper, wider than the subway, [16] more environmentally friendly, more energy efficient, and easier to build.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[17] However, TramWest did not proceed further than the plan when the Espoo City Council supported an underground subway solution.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

Construction of the first phase Espoo City Council approved the underground city plan for the metro in January 2009, [18] and construction of the first phase of the Länsimetro started in Ruoholahti in November of the same year.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[19] Half of the tunnels had been mined in July 2012.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[20] Construction work on the stations started in September of the same year.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[21] In October 2013, the City Council of Espoo decided to build Niittykumpu station in connection with the rest of the metro, as it would have become up to twice as expensive to build it while the metro is already operating.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[22] The excavation work on the subway tunnels was completed in February 2014 [23] and the rails had been installed on the entire section of the line in early December 2015.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

Installation of the busbar was also underway.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

The Metro's drift flow was planned to be connected in January 2016, [24] and test runs were scheduled to begin in February.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[25] However, the start of the runs was postponed until March, when the metro was planned to be running order between Ruoholahti—Keilaniemi.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

The Ruoholahti—Koivusaari section was ready for test run in late February.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

Later in the spring, test runs continued to Tapiola and finally Matinkylä when interlocking equipment for the subway line was completed.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[26] Schedule Delays The first phase of the Metro project suffered significant delays before traffic began.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

It was estimated before detonation work began in September 2009 to be completed in the fall of 2014, [27] but the opening date was postponed many times.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

Completion of Metro was first postponed until 2015, [28] from which it moved further to the 2016 side.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

The new target opening date was refined on 15 August 2016.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[29] However, the opening date had to be postponed even further due to delays in testing of safety related technical systems.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

In June 2016, Metro operations were scheduled to start at the end of the same year, [30] but the date was postponed until late that month until early 2017.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[31] In October 2016, the opening date was again postponed as Länsimetro Oy estimated that in early December 2016 the metro would open up to Tapiola no earlier than April 2017 and in full by June of the same year, when access services would also be started.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

In spring 2017, Länsimetro Oy estimated that the technical conditions for the operation would be met in June 2017 and access traffic could be switched to in August 2017 in connection with the introduction of causal schedules.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[32] However, in May 2017, Länsimetro Oy reported that the opening would move to at least September 2017.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

Eventually, traffic to Matinkylä was started on 18 November 2017.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

In addition to delays in construction schedules, problems were caused by, among other things, the automation of metro trains and stations, which HKL eventually decided to postpone until later [33] and start operating the Western Metro with trains driven by drivers.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[34] Problems arose in the joint test use of Aalto University station control systems at the end of May 2016.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

The problems came to light when the station began testing the flow of information between the station and the control room in the event of a possible emergency.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

Problems with the station's security systems eventually led to the postponement of the completion schedule for the first phase of construction in June 2016.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[35] A major postponement of the Metro project was announced on Friday 10 June 2016, [36] when, among other things, HSL had had time to launch an extensive advertising campaign about the start of metro service.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[37] Länsimetro Oy announced at the end of June 2016 the subway test operation would begin no earlier than January of the following year.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

During the test operation, passengers would have already been admitted to the subway, but the access line would not have been in use yet.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

Subway construction and system-specific test runs were expected to be completed in October 2016.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

HSL director Suvi Rihtniemi anticipated in late June that passenger services could have started even before the turn of the year 2016-17 if the remaining work on the metro had gone well.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[38] Due to the news of delays, HSL began negotiating bus lines to replace the subway.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[39] HSL agreed with operators for the continuation of regional lines until at least the end of the year 2016-17.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

The contract also included an option to operate until the 2017 summer season.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[36] Subregion line compensation buses introduced due to Metro's delays cost approximately EUR 1,8 million a month, according to HSL's calculations.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[40] As a result of the delay news in June, the City of Helsinki decided to order a report on delays in the metro project from the consulting company BDO Oy in August 2016.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[41] However, BDO later withdrew from the project, as the company responsible for auditing the City of Espoo was thought to have a conflict of interest in the metro case.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

The clearing was given in August [42] to Deloitte, the third place in the original tender, whose bid was approximately twice as expensive.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[43] In the beginning of November, it was decided to put the city's report on hold until Länsimetro Oy's own report is completed.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[44] In the context of the end of October, the subway company's survey was expected to be completed by the end of 2016.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[45] In October 2016, the opening date for the metro was again postponed, this time to an unspecified date.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

The metro company said it would announce a new opening schedule in November 2016 when joint use tests of the systems at Aalto University, Tapiola and Keilaniemi stations would be complete.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

The delay was prompted by safety tests underway at the Aalto University metro station since the beginning of October, in which several failures had been revealed in the operation and control of the equipment.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[36] At the end of the same month, more reasons for the postponement of the subway project came to light.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

In an article published by Helsingin Sanomat, it was reported that the delays were, for example, an improperly installed busbar from miles away and poorly washed track tunnels, where stone dust left behind quarrying clogged the filters and tags of subway trains on trial runs.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

The remedies allowed subway trains to start running at a full 80km/h speed in the week following the news's release.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[45] Länsimetro Oy announced the resignation of CEO Matti Kokkinen in mid-November 2016.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

At the time of the sacking, the company announced yet another cost overrun that brought the total cost of the metro project to €1186 million.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

In place of the fired Kokkinen, Ville Saksa, who was CEO of VR Track, was appointed as CEO of the metro company.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[46] At the beginning of December 2016, Länsimetro Oy gave a new target date for the start of metro services following the completion of joint test runs at Keilaniemi, Aalto University and Tapiola stations.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

The company expects the metro to be ready for service on the Tapiola—Ruoholahti section in April 2017 and the entire first phase of construction for the subway extension in June of the same year.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

However, the final decision to start metro services was taken by HSL, which also decided on the timing of the transition to the line.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[47] The premise of the 2017—2018 season operating plan presented by HSL in January 2017 was that passenger services on the Ruoholahti—Matinkylä section would commence on 19 June 2017.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[48] Connection traffic The Helsinki region services continued to operate bus lines between Southern Espoo and Helsinki until 3 January 2018, when bus lines to Kamppi Bus Terminal were diverted to either Tapiola or Matinkylä metro stations.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[49] Planning for the second phase miniature|The mouth of the working tunnel at Espoonlahti metro station in February 2016.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

In HSL's 2011 Transport System Plan (HLJ 2011), the second construction phase of the west metro had been specified to begin by 2020.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

The report estimated the price of the extension of the Western Metro at EUR 400 million.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[50] The preliminary master plan for the extension of Länsimetro from Matinkylä to Kivenlahti was completed in spring 2011.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[51] The project plan for the project was completed in May 2012.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[52] It proposed the construction of a metro from Matinkylä all the way to Saunalahti.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[53] It was decided to abandon the construction of Saunalahti station a year before construction work began.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[54] Following the freezing of Saunalahti station, the subway extension was reduced to five new stations.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

It was decided to place the metro depot in Moss Mountain.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[55] After the second phase is completed, it is also possible to continue the metro to Kirkkonummi or to Kauklahti by the shoreline track.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[56] The project plan for the Matinville—Stone Bay section was approved by the City Council in 2012 [57] and its funding by the city government in September 2014.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[58] The construction decision was conditional on the State's participation in the project of EUR 240 million.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

When construction work began, the cost of the metro extension was estimated at €800 million.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[56] According to the advanced project plan published in March 2018, the cost of the second phase will increase, like the first phase, to approximately EUR 1.2 billion.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

In addition, the start of Phase II service was postponed until 2023.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[6] Construction of the second phase Metro excavation work started in Finnoo in December 2014.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[59] [60] Openwork for Souka Metro station was the first to be completed on the subway extension in February 2015, after which the extraction of underground working tunnels began at the site.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[61] Excavation of the working tunnel at the Moss Mountain Metro Depot commenced in March 2015 and was estimated to be completed in July 2015.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[62] Openwork for Kivlahti and Kaita stations started in April 2015.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[63] [64] Quarrying of railway tunnels and subway stations began first in the Souka Station area in September 2015, [65] and began in Kivlahti in late November of the same year.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[66] Excavations at Finnoo station and Sammalvuori metro depot were about to start in March 2016.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[67] Costs First phase of construction The expenses for the first phase of the metro project were assessed excluding VAT in the 2008 project plan.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

In the project's price estimate of about 714 million, the biggest expense item was the metro stations, for which some 240 million euros were estimated to be needed, a generous third of the cost of the entire project.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

Most of the cost of stations came from structures (79%), parking facilities (13%) and changes to street arrangements (5%).


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

In the cost contributions of the whole project, subway tunnels were scarce after the stations, which were estimated to cost around EUR 236 million, and just under a third of the price estimate for the whole project.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

After the tunnels, the next costliest section was the 13.9 km subway line, which was estimated to spend around €146 million, or one-fifth of the project's budget.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

The remaining 14% of the project price estimate comprised planning (7.0%), construction (5.2%), and soil and rock surveys (0.7%).


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[68] The price estimate for the first phase of the Western Etro rose steadily from EUR 400 million at the beginning of the design period to finally just over 1 billion towards the end of construction work in April 2015.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[13] Efforts were made to reduce Metro's expenses during the project, including by shortening its stations by one-third and reducing their entrances from two to one.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[69] In March 2016, the final price for the first phase was estimated at EUR 1088 million.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

Against the index-adjusted cost estimate of the original project plan, the overhang was approximately EUR 240 million, or about 28 per cent.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[70] The increase in the cost of the subway project has been significantly impacted by increased price levels during the protracted project, [71] poor quality bedrock exposed in the excavation work, [72] higher than expected construction costs of underground stations, [73] various formula complaints, authorities requirements for exceptional situations, as well as the requirement for all entrances to be carried out without hindrance.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

The Niittymound station, the construction of which was decided only while the works were underway, incurred an additional cost of approximately EUR 45 million.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

The implementation of the terminal connected to Matinkylä station increased the cost by about 18 million.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[71] Second Construction Phase The costs of the second phase of the Metro project were assessed without VAT in the 2012 project plan.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

In the project's price estimate of about 767 million, the biggest expense item was the metro stations, for which around €307 million was estimated to be needed, about 40% of the cost of the entire project.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

The access parking facilities to be built in connection with the stations were estimated to account for about 23% of the total cost of the stations, which would cost around €72 million.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

In the cost contributions of the whole project, after stations, the largest lot were the metro tunnels, which were estimated to spend about €214 million, just under a third of the price estimate for the entire project.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

About 49 million of the cost of the tunnels was estimated to be spent on drive-by tunnels at the sites.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

After the metro tunnels, the next costliest part was the metro depot located in Mosmalvuori, which was estimated to spend around €88 million, or just over a tenth of the project's budget.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

Approximately 66 million were prepared for unpredictable costs, with planning (6.04%) and construction (5.98%) forming the remaining 12% of the project price estimate.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[74] At the start of construction, the cost of the extension of the metro was estimated at EUR 800 million, in contrast to the project plan price estimate.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[56] Metro alignment The first phase of the Metro is built from Ruoholahti, Helsinki Metro's current terminus, from Ruoholahti to Lauttäsaari, from there to Länväkylä on the Espoo side, where it hooks via Otaniemi to Tapiola and on to Matinkylä.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

On the Ruoholahti—Matinkylä section, the metro track runs at its deepest depth at a depth of 57 metres above sea level.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[75] The extension of the subway forward from Kivivlahti was considered at the time of the construction decision for the second construction phase.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

Three options offered a line in the direction of Kauklahti and a track in the direction of Kirkkonummi on two different alignments.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[76] The completion of Länsimetro will significantly change bus lines in Southern Espoo and Lauttasaari.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

The impacts are also visible in Espoo and Kauniainen in the surroundings of the beach track, as well as in Helsinki on bus connections to Lehtisaari and Kuusisaari.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

Already in August 2016, changes also came to bus lines in the Veräjälaakso, West Pakila and Maunula regions.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

In connection with the renewal of bus lines, efforts have been made to clarify the old line, resulting in some reduction in the number of bus lines and route options.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[77] Changing lines has also been estimated to slow down bus journeys.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[78] One of the most visible changes at the start of metro service is the replacement of the inter-regional lines to Kamppi along the Länäway with access lines connecting to the subway.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

It has been decided to discontinue the sub-area lines, as they would overlap service with the metro.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

Metro's main access stations come to Tapiola and Matinkylä.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[77] When the Länsimetro opens, Tapiola will use temporary stops on the Pohjantie.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

Work on the actual bus terminal will continue through December 2018.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[79] The development of the access line also took into account public opinion to some extent, as comments were collected on the proposal at resident events and through the HSL website in early 2014.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

A total of 1707 replies were received via HSL's comment form.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[77] Stations and other structures in miniature|Keilaniemi Substation Halls and buildings between Ruoholahti—Matinkylä were planned eight separate sets of stations and 33 km of metro tunnel, including 15 exit roads and the complex of pressure equalization shafts and technology facilities.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

Other notable structures include 55 connecting tunnels, large pumping stations, fire water pools, track replacement sites and service tunnels, and a maintenance track [80].


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

Länsimetro stations are distinguished from the older tunnel stations in Helsinki (excluding Hakaniemi) by their single-ship and more spacious station halls.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[81] The design of the stations sought to take into account factors such as passenger safety, the functionality of fire and exit roads, accessibility, the smoothness of access traffic and economy.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

The new stations will become distinctive in appearance, but their platform designs and signage are very similar.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[82] The platforms are 90-metre tall, a departure from the 135 metres of older subway stations, so since the completion of the first phase the subway service has been run by trains of two carriages instead of the earlier three-carriage pair.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[83] There are 23 [84] surface exit, pressure relief, smoke extraction and ventilation shafts along the subway track, averaging 400 to 600 metres apart.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

The rail tunnel has a concrete and steel grating 1.2—1.6 metre wide access corridor as an exit road for passengers.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

Approximately 30 to 40 centimetres of space is left between the exit and the subway train, depending on the tilt of the train.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[85] Metro receives electricity from a substation in Keilaniemi.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[86] The artworks of Länsimetro were originally designed for all eight stations in Länsimetro.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

Preliminary drafts included suggestions from Marja Kanervo, Tuula Närhise and Kari Cavén, among others.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

In autumn 2016, it was revealed that three of the proposals have been implemented, a work by Kim Simonsson at Tapiola Metro station, a work by Mari Rantanen at Niittykumpu station and a work by Tommi Grönlund and Petteri Nisunen in Keilaniemi.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[87] The Western Metro statement did not comply with the percentage principle.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

Visual artist Jaakko Niemelä, who was the art coordinator for Länsimetro between 2010 and 2015, said he was disappointed with the result: “When it comes to such a big project with public donors, then the percentage principle should be taken into account.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

If even half a percent had been put into art, then handsome works would have been obtained.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

But if the subscriber has no will or interest in art, and there is no obligation to do so, then this can happen.” [87] The Kone Foundation offered in 2015 to finance a work of art for Lauttasaari station.


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

According to Hanna Nurminen, chairman of the Foundation's Board of Directors, Länsimetro was not enthusiastic about it


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

[87] See also Helsinki metro Helsinki's second metro line Itämetro TramWest Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Länsimetro project plan| publisher = Länsimetro Oy| year = 14.3.2008| format = [Network version of project plan] (PDF) | accessdate = 5.4.2015}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Länsimetro extension, project plan Matinkylä - Kivenlahti| publisher = Länsimetro Oy| year = 22.5.2012| format = [Project plan online version] (PDF) | accessdate = 4.12.2016}} (archive.org) References Literature and publications Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Matinkylä — Kivenlahti metro, preliminary master plan — Plan report| publisher = City of Espoo| year = 2011| format = [Master Plan Online Version] (PDF) | accessdate = 4.12.2016}} (archive.org) Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Pohjola, Tommy| title = For all shoes!


Question: When was the second part of the west metro planned?

Länsimetro

This is not what city residents were told about westmetr| location = Helsinki| publisher = Self-publisher| year = 2017| isbn = 978-952-93-9847-8}} On topic elsewhere Category:Transport in Espoo Category:Helsinki metro Category:Buildings and structures under construction Category:62.414 Rail


Question: What does dan value mean?

Dan value

Dan value () is the rank of value used in Japanese and Korean martial and budo sports.


Question: What does dan value mean?

Dan value

In many species, its holders wear a black belt.


Question: What does dan value mean?

Dan value

Dan values are also common in non-martial arts contexts and are also awarded in Japanese board games such as renju, shōgi and go, flower layout (ikebana), and tea art (chadō).


Question: What does dan value mean?

Dan value

In budo species such as iaidō, kendō, and jōdō dan value is not indicated outwardly by any colored belt.


Question: What does dan value mean?

Dan value

List of common Japanese dan values The most commonly budo species use a dan scale of 1—10, but for example, 1-5, 1—8, and 1—15 scales are also used.


Question: What does dan value mean?

Dan value

danhepburnjapanisE1.shodan () first degree black belt2.nidan () second degree black belt3.sandan () third degree black belt4.yondan () fourth degree black belt (also, shidan) 5.godan () fifth degree black belt6.rokudan () sixth degree black belt7.nanadan () seventh degree black belt () also, shichidan) 8.hachidan () eighth-degree black belt9.kyudan () ninth-degree black belt (also, kudan) 10.jūdan () tenth-degree black belt See also Kyū Class:Japanese budō concepts


Question: What did Roger Moore die of?

Roger Moore

Sir Roger George Moore, (14 October 1927 London, UK — 23 May 2017, Crans-Montana, Switzerland) was an English actor.


Question: What did Roger Moore die of?

Roger Moore

He appeared in several action films.


Question: What did Roger Moore die of?

Roger Moore

In addition, he had served as a Unicef Goodwill Ambassador.


Question: What did Roger Moore die of?

Roger Moore

He was best known for his role as James Bond (1973—1985) as well as Simon Templar in the Saints television series (1962—1969).


Question: What did Roger Moore die of?

Roger Moore

James Bond Career (1973—1985) Roger Moore was considered a strong candidate for the first James Bond film Secret Agent 007 and Doctor No.


Question: What did Roger Moore die of?

Roger Moore

However, for various reasons this went unrealised, although Ian Fleming considered him the best candidate for the role.


Question: What did Roger Moore die of?

Roger Moore

Moore himself has said that he would have been too young to be Bond at the time. Sean Connery, who was eventually chosen for the role, was even younger than Moore.


Question: What did Roger Moore die of?

Roger Moore

In 1969, Moore quit acting in the Saints television series and was in 1972 vacant for Connery's seat to play James Bond.


Question: What did Roger Moore die of?

Roger Moore

Making her first appearance as Bond, Moore made in the film Live and Let Others Die in 1973 when she was 45.


Question: What did Roger Moore die of?

Roger Moore

The film received a lot of both positive and negative feedback.


Question: What did Roger Moore die of?

Roger Moore

Many thought Moore was much closer to Fleming's original Bond than Sean Connery, but others considered Moore unsuitable for the role, as he was the complete opposite of Connery's Bond.


Question: What did Roger Moore die of?

Roger Moore

Immediately the following year, Moore appeared again as Bond in the film 007 and the Golden Gun, but the film did not do particularly well.


Question: What did Roger Moore die of?

Roger Moore

Premiering in 1977, Moore's next Bond film 007 My Loved was a successful one.


Question: What did Roger Moore die of?

Roger Moore

At the time, it became the most watched part of the film series.


Question: What did Roger Moore die of?

Roger Moore

Moore himself has said the film in question was the best film of his career.


Question: What did Roger Moore die of?

Roger Moore

The next two films, Moonraker (1979) and The Very Secret (1981), also broke viewer records, and at the latest now Roger Moore was joined as the figurehead in the history of Bond films.


Question: What did Roger Moore die of?

Roger Moore

Moore went on to make two more Bond films, Octopussy — Octopus (1983) and 007 and Death's Gaze (1985), the latter of which did not do particularly well.


Question: What did Roger Moore die of?

Roger Moore

Moore said his last Bond was the worst in the film series and stated that he had been too old for the role.


Question: What did Roger Moore die of?

Roger Moore

In December 1985, Moore announced that he was leaving the role of Bond, and at the same time Timothy Dalton was announced as his successor.


Question: What did Roger Moore die of?

Roger Moore

Roger Moore is remembered as Bond, who, coming from a tight spot, was not nervous but was “a twinkle in the corner of his eye” all the time.


Question: What did Roger Moore die of?

Roger Moore

Moore himself has said that he was not trying to imitate Connery's style, because they are quite different actors.


Question: What did Roger Moore die of?

Roger Moore

In Moore's Bonds, humour also has its own, strong position.


Question: What did Roger Moore die of?

Roger Moore

He won a Golden Globe Award in 1980.


Question: What did Roger Moore die of?

Roger Moore

Moore's pickings from the Bond period have been kept secret, but he is alleged to have made about £5m apiece from his last two films.


Question: What did Roger Moore die of?

Roger Moore

Moore remains the person who has made the most (seven songs) official Bond films.


Question: What did Roger Moore die of?

Roger Moore

During his life, he was able to capitalize on his fame by serving as a Unicef Goodwill Ambassador.


Question: What did Roger Moore die of?

Roger Moore

Moore also wrote the book My Name is Moore, Roger Moore (2008, Finland 2009), whose promotional tour he visited Helsinki from 3 to 5.


Question: What did Roger Moore die of?

Roger Moore

on May 2009.


Question: What did Roger Moore die of?

Roger Moore

Prior to this, he had visited Finland as a Unicef Goodwill Ambassador in 2005.


Question: What did Roger Moore die of?

Roger Moore

[1] Life Moore was born in London.


Question: What did Roger Moore die of?

Roger Moore

His father was a police officer and his mother a housewife.


Question: What did Roger Moore die of?

Roger Moore

From 1945 Moore appeared as a statist in films but was still forced into the army that year at the age of 18, just after World War II, serving in Germany as commander of a small depot and being promoted to captain.


Question: What did Roger Moore die of?

Roger Moore

In the 1950s, Moore acted as a male model and in commercials, appearing in television and films at times, and then becoming a star in television series, including playing the title role of Ivanhoe.


Question: What did Roger Moore die of?

Roger Moore

World-famous he became in the lead role in the series Saints (1961—1969), with which he became completely bored.


Question: What did Roger Moore die of?

Roger Moore

He then appeared in films and television before the Bond films (1973—1985), between and after them, in recent years only sparsely, mainly as a voice.


Question: What did Roger Moore die of?

Roger Moore

He has two sons and a daughter with his third wife actress Luisa Mattioli.


Question: What did Roger Moore die of?

Roger Moore

In 2002, he married his neighbour from the French Riviera, Danish multi-millionaire Kristina Tholstrup, and subsequently lived winters in Gstaad or elsewhere in Switzerland, summers in Monaco.


Question: What did Roger Moore die of?

Roger Moore

Moore appeared as the narrator in a documentary produced by Peta that opposes the production and sale of foie gras.


Question: What did Roger Moore die of?

Roger Moore

Moore died of rapidly advanced cancer at the age of 89 on May 23, 2017 [2] at his residence in Crans-Montana, Switzerland [3].


Question: What did Roger Moore die of?

Roger Moore

Filmography Sources Elsewhere Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What did Roger Moore die of?

Roger Moore

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Question: What did Roger Moore die of?

Roger Moore

Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What did Roger Moore die of?

Roger Moore

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What did Roger Moore die of?

Roger Moore

Category:English actors Category:Hollywood Walk of Fame Category:Those born in 1927 Category:Those who died in 2017 Category:Key articles of screening Category:Order of the British Empire


Question: Who won the first World Table Tennis Championship?

Jan-Ove Waldner

Jan-Ove Waldner (born 3 October 1965) is a Swedish professional table tennis player who finished his career.


Question: Who won the first World Table Tennis Championship?

Jan-Ove Waldner

[1] Career Waldner began his professional career in table tennis at the age of 15.


Question: Who won the first World Table Tennis Championship?

Jan-Ove Waldner

[2] He first achieved international success at the 1982 European Table Tennis Championships.


Question: Who won the first World Table Tennis Championship?

Jan-Ove Waldner

He advanced to the singles final of the European Championships in Budapest, but lost the title to his compatriot Mikael Appelgren.


Question: Who won the first World Table Tennis Championship?

Jan-Ove Waldner

Waldner won a total of 11 European titles in his career.


Question: Who won the first World Table Tennis Championship?

Jan-Ove Waldner

He won European Championship gold seven times in the team competition, three times in doubles (paired first time with Erik Lindh, second by Mikael Appelgren and in third by Jörgen Persson) and once in singles.


Question: Who won the first World Table Tennis Championship?

Jan-Ove Waldner

The European singles title dates back to 1996, when he defeated compatriot Jörgen Persson in the final of the European Championships in Bratislava.


Question: Who won the first World Table Tennis Championship?

Jan-Ove Waldner

He was twice on the losing side of the singles European Championship final, in addition to 1982 in 1994 when the title was won by Belgian Jean-Michel Saive.


Question: Who won the first World Table Tennis Championship?

Jan-Ove Waldner

At the World Table Tennis Championships, Waldner won six titles in his career, four times in team competition and twice in singles.


Question: Who won the first World Table Tennis Championship?

Jan-Ove Waldner

The first singles World Cup gold dates from 1989, when the World Championships were held in Dortmund, and the latter from 1997 when the competitions were held in Manchester.


Question: Who won the first World Table Tennis Championship?

Jan-Ove Waldner

In the 1989 World Cup final, he defeated Jörgen Persson, whom he faced in the singles World Cup final also in 1991, when Persson won the world title.


Question: Who won the first World Table Tennis Championship?

Jan-Ove Waldner

In the 1997 World Cup final, Waldner defeated Belarusian Vladimir Samsonov.


Question: Who won the first World Table Tennis Championship?

Jan-Ove Waldner

In addition to 1991, he also finished as the singles World Cup runner-up in 1987, when the world title was won by Chinese Jiang Jualiang.


Question: Who won the first World Table Tennis Championship?

Jan-Ove Waldner

In doubles, he finished second place at the World Championships once, in 1997, when he lost the title as a pair of Jörgen Persson to Chinese Kong Linghui and Liu Guoliang.


Question: Who won the first World Table Tennis Championship?

Jan-Ove Waldner

In the team competition for the World Championship competitions, she was part of the second-placed Swedish team at the four Games.


Question: Who won the first World Table Tennis Championship?

Jan-Ove Waldner

Waldner played table tennis at the professional level for over 35 years, a longer than usual career in table tennis.


Question: Who won the first World Table Tennis Championship?

Jan-Ove Waldner

She competed in a total of five Olympic Games, where she won two medals, a gold in the singles at the Barcelona Olympic Games in 1992 and a silver in the singles at the Sydney Olympic Games in 2000.


Question: Who won the first World Table Tennis Championship?

Jan-Ove Waldner

In the singles final of the 1992 Olympics, he defeated Frenchman Jean-Philippe Gatien, being Sweden's only gold medalist at the Games and at the 2000 Olympics he lost in the final to Chinese Kong Linghui.


Question: Who won the first World Table Tennis Championship?

Jan-Ove Waldner

Along with World Championship, European Championship and Olympic success, Waldner also won a World Cup title in 1990 and nine Swedish titles, the last of which in 2010.


Question: Who won the first World Table Tennis Championship?

Jan-Ove Waldner

In 1992, Waldner became the first player to win a Grand Slam in table tennis, meaning that a player has won titles in both the Olympic Games, World Championships and World Cups in his career.


Question: Who won the first World Table Tennis Championship?

Jan-Ove Waldner

Apart from China, where table tennis is a particularly popular sport, Waldner has received the nicknames Lao Wa, the old Wa (ldner), and Chang Qing Shu, an evergreen tree.


Question: Who won the first World Table Tennis Championship?

Jan-Ove Waldner

[3] Waldner, along with other Swedish table tennis team players, attended a training camp in China at a young age and was impressed by their dedication to the sport.


Question: Who won the first World Table Tennis Championship?

Jan-Ove Waldner

Elsewhere, the most common nickname used about Waldner is the Mozart of table tennis [2].


Question: Who won the first World Table Tennis Championship?

Jan-Ove Waldner

Achievements World Championships 1983: Second place in team competition 1985: Second place in team competition 1987: Second place in singles, second place in team competition 1989: World title in singles, world title in team competition 1991: Second place in team competition in singles, world championship in team competition 1993: Semifinalist in singles, world championship in team competition 1995: Second place in team competition 1997: World title in singles, second place in doubles (with Jörgen Persson) 1999: Semifinalist in singles 2000: World Championship in team competition 2001: Third place in team competition 2004: Fourth place in team competition European Championships 1982: Second place in singles 1986: European Championship in doubles (with Erik Lindh), European Championship in team competition 1988: Semi-finalist in singles, European championship in doubles (with Mikael Appelgren), European Championship in team competition 1990: European Championship in team competition 1992: European Championship in team competition 1994: Second place in singles, second place in team competition 1996: European Championship in singles, European championship in doubles (with Jörgen Persson), European Championship in team competition 2000: Semifinalist in singles, European championship in team competition 2002: European Championship in team competition Olympic Games 1988: Top eight among singles and doubles.


Question: Who won the first World Table Tennis Championship?

Jan-Ove Waldner

1992: Gold in singles 1996: Top sixteen in singles 2000: Silver in singles 2004: Fourth in singles Clubs Stockholms Sparvägars GoIF (Sweden) (1971—1984) ATSV Saarbrücken (Germany) (1984—1987) Stockholms Sparvägars GoIF (Sweden) (1987—1991) Ängby SK (Sweden) (1991—1995) Kalmar BTK (Sweden) (1995—2003) SV Weru Plüderhausen (Germany) (2003-2005) TTC Rhön-Sprudel Fulda-Maberzell (Germany) (2005-2012) Spårvägens BTK (2012-2016) Sources Transclusion error: {{En}} is only use for naming File espace.


Question: Who won the first World Table Tennis Championship?

Jan-Ove Waldner

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Who won the first World Table Tennis Championship?

Jan-Ove Waldner

Category:Swedish table tennis players Category:Swedish Olympic champions Category:ITTF Hall of Fame Class:Born in 1965 Class:Living Persons Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What is the name of Greece's radical left-wing party?

Syriza

Syriza, or Alliance of the Radical Left (, ΣΥΡΙΛΑ), is a Greek leftist [1] party.


Question: What is the name of Greece's radical left-wing party?

Syriza

Syriza was formed in 2012 when a group of small leftist factions organized with Synaspismos of the Greek Left Alliance into a new party.


Question: What is the name of Greece's radical left-wing party?

Syriza

The leader of Syriza is Aléxis Tsípras, who was also the head of Synaspismos.


Question: What is the name of Greece's radical left-wing party?

Syriza

The Syriza majority is built on the basis of Synaspismos on democratic socialists, left-wing Greens, left-wing feminists and Eurocommunists, but many social democrats disenchanted with the PASOK party and a large number of smaller groups, especially Trotsky, have joined.


Question: What is the name of Greece's radical left-wing party?

Syriza

[2] In the May 2012 general election, Syriza became the second largest in Greece [3], and the largest party in the January 2015 elections.


Question: What is the name of Greece's radical left-wing party?

Syriza

[4] Syriza ran as a loose coalition of independent parties as early as the 2004 election [5], preceded by the previously established Left Dialogue and Cooperation (Χώρος Διαλόγου Για την Ενότητα και Κοινή Δράση της Αριστεράς).


Question: What is the name of Greece's radical left-wing party?

Syriza

History 2004—2011 In the 2004 election under the name of Electoral Union Syriza did: Synaspismos (SYN) [6] Renewing Communist Ecological Left, AKOA [6] (Ανανεωτική Κομμουνιστική Οικολογική Αριστερά) Internationalist Workers' Left, DEA [6] (Διεθνιστική Εργατική Αριστερά) Movement of the Left United Action, KEDA [6] (Κίνηση Για την Ενότητα Δράσης της Αριστεράς) Active citizens (organization of Manólis Glézos) [6] several independents In the elections the coalition received 3.3% of the vote and six parliamentary representatives [7], who were all Synaspismos.


Question: What is the name of Greece's radical left-wing party?

Syriza

This caused conflicts within the coalition, with smaller parties accusing Synaspismo of breaching the treaty and demanding one of its representatives cede his seat to Yannis Mpanias of AKOA.


Question: What is the name of Greece's radical left-wing party?

Syriza

The DEA then left the coalition.


Question: What is the name of Greece's radical left-wing party?

Syriza

For the European parliamentary elections three months after the election, Synaspismos left independently and others supported the mostly feminist movement (Γυναίκες Για Μια Άλλη Ευρώπη).


Question: What is the name of Greece's radical left-wing party?

Syriza

The dispute ended in December when the 4th meeting of Synaspismos supported continued cooperation and its leader Níkos Konstantópoulos ceded his seat to Alékos Alavános.


Question: What is the name of Greece's radical left-wing party?

Syriza

In the 2007 elections, Syriza received 5.0% of the vote and 14 seats.


Question: What is the name of Greece's radical left-wing party?

Syriza

[7] The 2012 elections in the Greek May parliamentary election 2012 saw Syriza emerge as the second largest party with 52 seats in parliament.


Question: What is the name of Greece's radical left-wing party?

Syriza

[3] The party more than tripled its previous electoral alliance support from the 2009 election.


Question: What is the name of Greece's radical left-wing party?

Syriza

In its electoral themes, the party wanted to reject Greece's existing bailout packages and set up a joint government of the left.


Question: What is the name of Greece's radical left-wing party?

Syriza

[3] Following the announcement by the Chairman of New Democracy that the government must not be stacked, the responsibility for piling on the government passed to the Chairman of Syriza.


Question: What is the name of Greece's radical left-wing party?

Syriza

[8] However, no government match could be found and new elections were held in the country in June 2012.


Question: What is the name of Greece's radical left-wing party?

Syriza

[9] In the elections held on 17 June 2012, Syriza came second and the drag responsibility for the government negotiations initially lies with Antonis Samaras of New Democracy.


Question: What is the name of Greece's radical left-wing party?

Syriza

SYRIZA gained 71 delegates to Parliament and support was 26.9%.


Question: What is the name of Greece's radical left-wing party?

Syriza

[10] January 2015 election In the first election of 2015, Syriza became the winner, [4] but fell within two seats of an absolute majority.


Question: What is the name of Greece's radical left-wing party?

Syriza

Syriza formed a government with the right-wing Independent Greeks party.


Question: What is the name of Greece's radical left-wing party?

Syriza

[11] According to The Guardian, the Independent Greeks party and Syriza saw opposing views on issues such as gay marriage, immigration, the role of the church and Turkey, but were united by anger over debt programmes.


Question: What is the name of Greece's radical left-wing party?

Syriza

[12] Party split and fall of Tsipras government In August 2015, some of Syriza's MPs voted against the economic deal negotiated by the government with Greece's creditors and it was only approved because part of the opposition supported it.


Question: What is the name of Greece's radical left-wing party?

Syriza

Prime Minister Tsipras then announced his resignation.


Question: What is the name of Greece's radical left-wing party?

Syriza

[13] Syrizans who opposed the agreement founded a new party, Laiki Enotita (“Unity of the People”), joined by 29 of Syriza's 149 MPs.


Question: What is the name of Greece's radical left-wing party?

Syriza

Minister of Energy Panagiotis Lafazanis [14] [15] was elected as half leader.


Question: What is the name of Greece's radical left-wing party?

Syriza

September 2015 election In the second election of 2015, Syriza retained the status of largest party, gaining almost as large a vote share as in the previous election, 35.46%.


Question: What is the name of Greece's radical left-wing party?

Syriza

Of the seats the party gained 145, meaning the party fell short of an absolute majority of six seats.


Question: What is the name of Greece's radical left-wing party?

Syriza

Tsipras became prime minister again and Syriza formed a new government with the Independent Greeks party.


Question: What is the name of Greece's radical left-wing party?

Syriza

Relationship with NATO In 2013, Syriza campaigned for Greece's NATO separation.


Question: What is the name of Greece's radical left-wing party?

Syriza

[16] In January 2015, Tsipras said that Greece is committed to NATO and it is not in Greece's interest to focus on resigning from membership at this time.


Question: What is the name of Greece's radical left-wing party?

Syriza

[17] Relationship with Russia Like other Greek parties, Syriza's Euro-representatives have opposed almost every anti-Russian statement by the European Parliament.


Question: What is the name of Greece's radical left-wing party?

Syriza

[18] In May 2014, Tsipras defended Crimea's referendum on independence, [18] opposed sanctions against Russia and accused Ukraine of neo-Nazi elements.


Question: What is the name of Greece's radical left-wing party?

Syriza

After the party's election victory in 2015, Syriza's energy minister Panagiotis Lafazanis said the party would oppose the prevailing sanctions [16], but at an EU meeting the government nevertheless accepted the continuation of sanctions.


Question: What is the name of Greece's radical left-wing party?

Syriza

[19] Elections Sources until 2007 and 2015 [20] [7] Sources on the topic elsewhere Category:Greek parties


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

Cadel Evans (born 14 February 1977 in Katherine, Northern Territory, Australia) is an Australian former road cyclist who excelled mainly in distance races.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

In 2009, however, he won the world road racing championship.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

He won the Tour de France in 2011.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

Previously, he had finished second in the same race in 2007 and 2008.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

He also won the 2007 UCI ProTour series.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

1995—2000 Evans achieved bronze at the World Junior Road Time Championships in 1995.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

He also competed in mountain biking at the top level when he was younger, achieving a silver medal at the European Under-23 World Championships in 1997 and 1999.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

In addition, he won the Mountain Biking World Cup in 1998 and 1999, as well as finishing seventh at the 2000 Sydney Olympics.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

2001—04 Evans began his pro career in the Saeco stable in 2001, when he won the Tour of Austria as well as the Brixia Tour.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

Run in the Mapei stable, 2002 brought third place in the Tour de Romandie, sixth place in the Tour de Romandie, and 14th place in the round race of Italy, to the CV; he carried the maglia rosa jersey for one day.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

At the Commonwealth Games in Manchester he won the road time race and took silver in the co-start race.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

For the 2003—04 seasons, Evans raced for the Telekom/T-Mobile team.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

In the latter year he won a repeat of the round race of Austria as well as being fourth in the Giro di Lombardia.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

2005 Evans moved to the Davitamon—Lotto stable at the start of 2005.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

He won that season seventh in the round race in Germany and finished fifth overall in the race.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

He also finished fifth at Liège-Bastogne-Liège.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

In the overall race for the round run in France, Evans was eighth and showed his hillman abilities by driving many mountain pins in the same group with Lance Armstrong, Ivan Basso and Jan Ullrich.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

He raced to catch a loose on the 16th etap, conquering the mountain of the Col d'Aubisque (1677 m), but nevertheless came out to be achieved by Óscar Pereiro Sio, Eddy Mazzoleni and Xabier Zandio, and was unable to advance victory.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

2006 In 2006, Evans won the Tour de Romandie, settling the number one status race on the 5th eap, the final day's 20.4 km time trial, which he won overtaking Alberto Contador and Alejandro Valverde in the overall race.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

In the round run of France, Evans was fifth and Poland's round-run second.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

2007 For the 2007 season, Evans' stable was renamed Predictor-Lotto.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

He finished second in the Dauphiné Libéré and fourth in the Tour de Romandie.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

In the Tour of France, Evans drove the Alpine mountain stretches according to his habit with steady certainty, with more other riders following than trying solutions himself.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

He finished sixth at Tignes with an eighth etap and third in the ninth leg, with Briançon as the finish.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

He originally finished second in the thirteenth etap-time trial, but after being caught in a doping test by distance winner Aleksandr Vinokurov, Evans was named the winner of the ethap.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

He rose to second place in the overall race at this point, exactly one minute behind Michael Rasmussen.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

In the next leg, Evans missed 1.52 minutes from the etap-winning Alberto Contador and fell behind the Spaniard in a joint race.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

When the stable pulled Rasmussen out of the race due to doping ambiguities, Evans was ahead of the final previous day's time trial second 1.50 behind Contador.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

Evans finished second on the eap behind Levi Leipheimer, but failed to achieve Contador in the overall race, falling 23 seconds short of their difference.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

Evans finished second in the race and was the first Australian in the top three of the round-robin competition in France.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

In the round run of Spain the same year, he was fourth after finishing second in the 10th and 18th etaps of the competition.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

A week later, Evans finished fifth in the World Road Race Championship after being the slowest of the five-man top group in the final books.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

In October, Evans finished sixth in the round race of Lombardy, while securing a UCI ProTour series victory.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

In the 2008 season, Evans won the second round race of Andalusia and finished third in the overall race.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

At Paris—Nice, he won the fourth tie that finished at the top of Mont Ventoux.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

At the Settimana Ciclistica Internazionale Coppi-Bartali competition, she won the third tie and the overall race.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

In the round race of the Basque Country, Evans finished second behind Alberto Contador, as did La Flèche Wallonne behind Kim Kirchen.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

At Liège—Bastogne—Liège he was seventh and second in the Dauphiné Libéré, after Alejandro Valverde.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

In the round run of France, Evans finished at the top of the mountain with a finished sixth leg in third place.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

After tenth, he gained control of the maillot jaune jersey for five days and eventually finished second in the overall race behind Carlos Sastre.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

At the Beijing Olympics, Evans was fifth in the time and fifteenth in road running.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

2009 For his first win of the 2009 season, Evans took the Settimana Ciclistica Internazionale Coppi-Bartali race, where he won the fifth tie.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

In the overall competition, he was second.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

In the round race of the Basque Country he finished third [1] and in La Flèche Wallonne fifth.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

In June, he finished second to the Dauphiné Libéré in the overall race, additionally winning the first tie, the time trial, and the points race.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

In the round run of France, he missed 30th.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

In the round race in Spain he led after finishing eighth, [2] [3] but fell out of the winning struggle after losing a few days later the second minute in bike maintenance.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

[4] He eventually finished third after also being ranked 19th in the round and 20th in the time-trial.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

A week after touring Spain, Evans won the world road driving title at the World Championships in Mendrisio after escaping from the top group a few kilometres before the finish to a solitary detachment.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

At the same time, he became the first Australian male professional road racing world champion.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

[5] 2010 Evans moved from the start of the 2010 season to the BMC Racing Team after signing a three-year contract with the stable.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

[6] He finished third in the overall Tirreno—Adriatico competition.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

In April of the same year he won the La Flèche Wallonne Classic after passing Alberto Contador at the end of the race in the ascent of the Mur de Huy [7].


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

In the Liège—Bastogne—Liège competition, he was fourth.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

In the overall race of the round run in Italy, he finished fifth and won the points race.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

He finished third in the opening pin time trial and won the seventh tie that finished at Montalcino.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

On the 15th leg that ended in the steep climb of Monte Zoncolan, he was second, as was 16th in the uphill time run of the tie and 20th in the leg.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

In the round run of France, he finished third in the etapes.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

2011 Evans won the 2011 Tirreno—Adriatico overall race and sixth in the tie.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

He also won the overall Tour de Romandie race.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

At the Critérium du Dauphiné, he finished second.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

He won the overall race of the round race in France as the first Australian cyclist.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

He was second in the first round, won the fourth tie, as well as being third on the eighth and 18th legs.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

At the Etapi 20, in the time trial, he was second and at the same time rose to the top of the overall race, which he retained until the end.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

2012 In March 2012 Evans won the second etap (time trial) of the Critérium International and the overall and points race.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

At the Critérium Du Dauphiné in June, he won the first round and points race and finished third in the overall race.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

In the round run of France, he was second on seventh and eighth etapes.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

In the overall competition, he finished seventh.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

2013 Evans finished third in the February 2013 round run of Oman.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

In the round run of Italy, he finished third in the overall race and second in the third round.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

At the Tour of Alberta in September, he won his fourth tie.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

2014 Evans won the third leg of the Tour Down Under in January 2014.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

In the overall competition, he finished second.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

In April, he won the overall race of the Giro del Trentino, as well as the third leg.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

In the round run of Italy, he was second and sixth in the round run and third in the round run in time.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

In the overall competition, he finished eighth.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

At the Tour of Utah, he won his sixth straight tie.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

2015 Evans finished third in the overall race of the Tour Down Under.


Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

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Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

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Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

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Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

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Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

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Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

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Question: When was Cadel Evans born?

Cadel Evans

Category:Australian mountain bikers Category:Australian road bicyclists Category:Born in 1977 Class:Living persons Category:Winners of the Tour de France


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

The smooth-haired Scottish shepherd or smooth-haired collie () is a herding breed native to Great Britain, one of four collier breeds.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

The breed is a more short-haired variant of the long-tailed collie, and with the exception of hair length, the breeds are practically identical.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

Appearance By breed definition, the structure of a smooth-haired collie expresses strength and functionality.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

It is not clumsy and in no way coarse, but a dog of medium size and build.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

The smooth-haired collienarie bitch has a height of 51—56 cm at the withers and 56—61 cm for the male.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

The shape of the head resembles a blunt wedge.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

Its ears are retrograde folded at rest, but when the dog becomes alert, the ears emerge into a semi-halt.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

Then the upper third of the ear is forward-folded.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

The tail is long and at rest pendulous.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

The fur of the smooth-haired collie is short and two-layered: the undercoat is coarse, the undercoat is very bushy.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

There's a lot of hair leaving.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

The hair is not trimmed or cut.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

The breed definition accepts three different colour variants: sable, “tricolor”, meaning mark-coloured, and “blue merle”, meaning black-based merle.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

All coloring is accompanied by white marks, the number of which may vary.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

The following signs are undesirable: full or partial white collar, white chest, limbs and paws, whitish tail-end.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

There may be a whitish draw on the snout, skull, or both.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

Sable is any shade of brown from light golden to dark mahongy brown.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

The quilt hairs have variously black hairs.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

Within the circle of breed enthusiasts, sable colouring is divided into two types: the so-called “dominant sable” (presumed genotype AyAY) and the “tricolor-factor sable” (the putative genotype AyAT, i.e., the bearer of the character coloration).


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

The former is brownish in colour, the latter is mahongy and dark with abundant black hairs.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

The name “dominant sable” refers to the fact that such a dog, combined with the tricolor, receives only sable colored puppies.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

In genetics terms, the designation is incorrect because dominance is a property of an allele, not a genotype.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

In tricolor, or tricolour, the main color is black with deep reddish-brown marks on the limbs and head.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

With blue merle, the main color divided in uneven patches into bluish gray and black color.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

For show dogs, the impression of black spots on a blue-gray background is more desirable.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

Deep reddish-brown marks are undesirable in blue merle coloring, but their absence is not a mistake.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

Due to serious health problems firmly associated with the homozygote merlee, the Finnish Kennel Club no longer registers puppies from combinations merle × merle or merle × sable.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

Character The nature of the smooth-haired collie is described in the breed definition as follows: cheerful and friendly, not in the least nervous and not aggressive.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

The smooth-haired collie should also be working and functional typically for shepherd dogs.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

It is an active and lively breed, and its essence should embody intelligence.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

The smooth-haired collie is not everyone's best mate, it is usually indifferent and calm to strangers, but loyal to its owner and shows his affection clearly.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

It is eager and active, and if desired, it makes for a great hobby dog.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

Origin The origin of the smooth-haired collie is pretty much obscured by dusk.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

There are many theories about the ancestors of the collie race.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

According to one theory, at the end of the 18th century, dogs were imported into England from Iceland.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

Some claim the collie to be a direct descendant of these dogs.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

Most likely, however, the collie is born of old British dogs.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

However, it may be that these old British shepherd dogs have at some point been mixed with blood from elsewhere.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

At the end of the 16th century, a law came into force in Britain that all dogs which were not paid tax were to be made cripples.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

Only sheep and swine herders and foresters were allowed to keep a dog tax-free if it was truncated.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

As a result of hundreds of years of selection, hereditary bob-tailing became more common.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

These naturally bobbing dogs always had a white tail-end.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

The shepherds had sheep herding the so-called grazier's dog.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

These shepherd dogs must have made a difference in the journey towards today's collie.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

In recent centuries, Scottish shepherds contributed most to the development of collies, both character and appearance.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

The original collie much resembled the current border collie in appearance: its limbs were shallower, its skull wider, and its head shorter.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

Requirements for sheepdogs included ability and desire to work, ability to learn and obedience, and adaptation to severe weather conditions.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

The dog also had to be very durable and, if necessary, agile.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

Little attention was paid to the original collies that served as yard and shepherd dogs.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

A turning point in the development of the breed occurred in the 19th century when Queen Viktoria became interested in the breed.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

As a result of royal interest, the breed came into fashion and became widespread.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

By the time Princess Victoria became Queen in 1837, she had a number of long- and short-haired collies used as both shepherds and companion dogs.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

The most famous of the Queen's dogs was Gipsy, which was pitch black except for the tips of the toes, which were white.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

The most famous of the short-haired was the male Sharp, who was the Queen's companion for 15 years and has a memorial statue on its grave in Windsor Park.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

Most of the dogs of that time were short-haired, or at least they looked that way.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

At the time, it was common for long-haired dogs to be collected at the same time as sheep.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

Exhibition activities began in Britain after the mid-19th century, when two different lineages, show dogs and operating dogs, also began to develop rapidly from many breeds.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

It is claimed that to improve the colouration of the collie, irish and gordon setter was used in breeding.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

To give the shape of the head, the breed was probably also crossbred with the Russian Greyhound.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

The English Kennel Club breed book first appeared in 1874 and has 78 sheepdogs and scotch colleys registered, six of which were bobby-tailed.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

In 1895, the collie was at the top of the English registration list.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

The first breed definition of collie was made by Mr. Shirley and W.W.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

Thomson in 1881.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

The breed's name was changed to long- and short-haired collie in 1885.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

Breed definitions were similar for both, except for fur quality.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

The First World War greatly hampered breeding work: there was a shortage of food and dogs had to be euthanized.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

After the war, better times came for breeders, and many world-famous breeders started their activities.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

The Second World War caused the destruction of many colliekennels, and after the war there were only a handful of dogs left.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

However, the diligent breeding work of a few breeders saved the breed.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

According to some documents, today's smooth-haired collie was the result of a cross breeding using a black and white collie and an English greyhound.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

At shows, the smooth-haired collie always lost out to the more spectacular long-haired version, but as a working dog it was very popular.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

The first smooth-haired collie came to Finland in 1977.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

In 2012, the Finnish Kennel Association decided to change the official breed name to “smooth-haired Scottish shepherd l. smooth-haired collie"and a new breed definition adopted on 3 March 2012 officially recognises that name.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

[1] The original and current use of the collie was originally developed by sheep herders to help herd sheep.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

However, shepherd dogs were also needed for many other jobs, such as herding cattle and horses.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

Animals had to be herded from ships and farms to various markets and other events, and the best help, of course, was the shepherd dogs who held the herd together.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

As the size of the herds increased, dogs were trained for various tasks.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

Some led the herd, some held it together during the journey as well as in moments of rest.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

However, developments in train connections made these dogs redundant.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

Shepherd dogs were also a great help to butchers.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

Other dogs would show off their herders so they could make them go in the direction they wanted.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

Other dogs drove animals, for example, from markets to slaughterhouses.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

The third type again guarded the butcher's wagon from bandits.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

These dogs passed either behind the carriage or between the wheels.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

Nowadays, dogs are little needed to herd herds of sheep, so the original use has largely disappeared.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

The most popular hobby with collies is dog shows, to which they are often indicated in large numbers.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

In addition to the three certificates, the collie must have an approved character test or a training code from the first class of the first class from the service dog tests.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

Collie, however, is a very diverse breed, so playing and competing isn't a problem.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

It is a suitable dog for families with children or for an elderly person to be a jogging buddy, but it is also eligible to take part in service dog tests.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

In service dog tests, they are most often shown on the search or afterward side, but there are also experiences from the message test.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

Obedience tests are also popular, and since the collie is an agile and lively breed, you also meet them quite a few times in agility.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

Collie has many different hobbies because of his keen and action-ready nature.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

The smooth-haired collie is a fairly rare breed in the world and has not gained the same popularity as the long-haired.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

In Finland, the breed has been well received.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

One of the reasons for the spread of popularity is that the smooth-haired collie is easier to care for and more functional than the long-haired version.