Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Climate The climate of the Berlin region is an intermediate form of marine and continental climate, an intermediate climate.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Winters tend to be predominantly dark, rainy and snowless.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Usually, however, snow cover covers the ground for a few days at a time several times during the winter.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Winter is short in Finnish terms, reminiscent of the dark late autumn of southern Finland.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Winter quickly switches to a sparkly green flowering spring in late March.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Trees usually enter the leaf during April.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In the spring, the weather is usually clear with low winds.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

May can already be calculated in Finnish terms as a summer month in favour of temperatures.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The warmest summer months are July and August, when heat days are normally up to one-third of days.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Daytime temperatures above 35 degrees are almost every year, and late summer thunderstorms and heavy rains are quite different in intensity from their Finnish counterparts.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Typically, in September, the drop in temperatures is noticed for the first time, when heat periods stop completely.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In October, the weather begins to become cloudier and more volatile normally in autumn as temperatures continue to drop.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The rushing period of trees is October-November.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

December-January are the most volatile of all months, with polar winds and abundant rainy days occurring.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The administrative division Berlin is divided into 12 administrative districts (), with their own, local elected administration and limited autonomy (see.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

below).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

They each have such a large population that they would be major cities in their own right.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The current administrative division came into existence in 2001, when the number of administrative regions was almost halved.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The administrative areas are further subdivided into boroughs (), of which there are a total of 96.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Of these, too, a few have over 100,000 inhabitants.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Unlike administrative districts created by purely administrative decisions, boroughs tend to be regions formed over a long period of time with their own history and their own character.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Therefore, in everyday life, the division of boroughs is more important than the division of administrative areas, even if the boroughs do not have any actual administrative significance.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Population of the administrative district Nov 30, 2010 [6] Area (km²) [7] Population density (as/km²) Mitte33317239,4708218Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg269,92420,1613065Pankow370 488103,0703449Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf320 32264,7204870Spandau225 96391,202444Steglitz-Zehlendorf295 806102,5002812Tempelhof-Schöneberg336 28253,1006263Neukölln311 82444,9306806Treptow-Köpenick242 574168,4201399Marzahn-Hellersdorf249 95661,7804048Lichtenberg261 41752,2904963Reinickendorf241 49089,4802726 Old Territorial Division Before 2001 until 1920, there had been 20 regions.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

During the Berlin divide (1945—1990), 12 of them belonged to West Berlin and eight belonged to East Berlin as follows: West Berlin: United States occupation zone: Kreuzberg Neukölln Schöneberg Steglitz Tempelhof Zehlendorf British occupation zone: Charlottenburg Spandau Tiergarten Wilmersdorf French Occupation Zone: Reinickendorf Wedding East Berlin Soviet Occupation Zone: Friedrichshain Köpenick Lichtenberg Mitte Pankow Prenzlauer Berg Treptow Weißensee History Early History To justify archaeological excavations, Berlin and its sister city Cölln have arisen around the turn of the 12th and 13th centuries.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

These two population centres were located opposite each other in the capex of the river Spree: Berlin on the east side of the river, Cölln on the island in its centre, namely the Spreeinsel.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The official age of the city of Berlin is calculated from a document dated 1237, which admittedly only mentions Cölln — the first mention of Berlin itself dates from 1244.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

From its old Slavic centre Spandau further up the river Spree received city rights in 1232 and Berlin apparently around the same time.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The towns fared relatively well as market towns between the 12th and 13th centuries, and entered into a union in 1307.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In 1360 Berlin-Cölln joined the Hanseatic League.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[8] Berlin and Cölln, as Hanseatic cities, traded throughout the Baltic Sea region and were relatively independent of the princes who ruled Brandenburg.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[8] [9] Between 1415 and 1417, King Sigismund of Germany fiefed Mark Brandenburg to Count Fredrik, who became Elector of Brandenburg.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Fredrik belonged to the House of Hohenzollerns, which remained in power until 1918.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

When internal unrest broke out in Berlin and Cölln between artisans and patrician families, the new Elector took the opportunity to subjugate the cities to his power in 1442.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[10] Fredrik combined the cities of Berlin and Cölln and made them a court residence city, so the accession was forced to give up its free Hanseatic city status.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The Elector's castle was built on Spreeinsel in the middle of Cölln.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[9] [11] At the time of the Reformation, Berlin adopted the Lutheran doctrine of the faith in 1539.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[11] During the Thirty Years' War (1618—1648) Berlin and Cölln were badly affected.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The town was looted several times, and up to half of its 12,000 residents were killed.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

After the war, during the reign of the “Great Elector” Fredrik Vilhelm, however, the city quickly recovered and began to grow strongly.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Fredrik Vilhelm fortified Berlin and Cölln and founded three daughter towns west of the federal city: Friedrichswerder, Friedrichsstadt and Dorotheenstadt.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Through these new towns, the great Elector built the linden boulevard Unter den Linden.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[12] Centre of the Kingdom of Prussia In 1701, Elector Frederick I of Brandenburg was crowned King of Prussia, and the Elector of Brandenburg was transformed into the Kingdom of Prussia.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Frederick I united Berlin, Cölln, Friedrichswerder, Friedrichsstadt and Dorotheenstadt, thus creating a new Greater Berlin, which became the capital of the Kingdom of Prussia.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In the first half of the 18th century, the old defensive walls of Berlin-Cölln were demolished and the new city was surrounded by a customs wall and customs gates.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The most representative of these was the neoclassical Brandenburg Gate, which has later become one of Berlin's most famous symbols and attractions.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[13] During the 18th century, Prussia rose to become one of the great states of Europe, and Berlin grew to become the second largest city of the German-Roman Empire immediately after Vienna.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[14] With the help of major construction projects, Berlin was shaped into a representative capital for Prussia.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[15] Frederick I rebuilt the old Royal Palace into a magnificent Baroque palace.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Unter den Linden became the city's parade street, along which rose royal palaces and plush public buildings.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[9] In 1806, Napoleonic troops conquered Prussia and Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Napoleon held a spectacular parade in the city and transported the four-harness statue of the Brandenburg Gate to Paris.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Seven years later, after Napoleon imploded, the four-harness was returned to Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[16] The 19th century was a period of strong growth in Berlin, during the century the population of the city increased more than tenfold.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The first railway link between Berlin and Potsdam was built in 1838.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[14] Berlin experienced intense and rapid industrialization.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The growth was driven in particular by textile production and the machinery and iron industries.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

From the middle of the century onward, the electrical and chemical industries intensified.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Berlin, the capital of the German Empire, became the capital of the new German Empire in 1871.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[17] The establishment of the Reich Central Bank in Berlin also brought financiers with it to the capital.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Berlin's cultural life grew even further, and Berlin began to be talked about, for example, as the theatrical metropolis of Europe.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Berlin's strong growth also caused social and economic problems.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Due to an increase in population and traffic, in 1896 a subway began to be built, as well as local train services to suburban areas.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Rentals began to be built nearby downtown to make it possible to rent low-cost housing for workers.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[18] World War I led to famine in Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[17] In the winter of 1916—1917, 150000 people were in need of food assistance.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Strikes broke out in the city.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

When the war ended in 1918, Emperor William II resigned.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[17] As the capital of the Weimar Republic, Socialist Philipp Scheidemann and communist Karl Liebknecht declared the city a republic after the October Revolution.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In the following months, numerous street battles took place in the city between different factions.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In December 1918, the Communist Party of Germany (Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands, KPD) was founded in Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In January 1919, the party attempted to capture power in the so-called Spartacist Rebellion, which failed.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

On January 15, 1919, Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg were killed.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[19] A year later, in March 1920, Wolfgang Kapp, founder of the right-wing Deutsche Vaterlandspartei, in turn attempted to overthrow the government.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The Berlin barrack people joined his forces and took over the government building.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The government of the Weimar Republic had already left Berlin by that time.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

However, a general strike prevented the coup from succeeding.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[19] On October 1, 1920, Greater Berlin was created, with seven other cities, 59 villages and 27 estate estates annexed to Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

At that time Greater Berlin had 3804048 inhabitants.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[19] With the improvement of the economic emergency of the next few years of the 1920s, starting in 1924, the Golden Age of Berlin began.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Berlin became one of the largest industrial cities and cultural centres in Europe.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Local train services were electrified in 1924, when Tempelhof Airport was also introduced.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[19] New infrastructure was necessary to meet the needs of four million inhabitants.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

A brief heyday ended with a global economic crisis in 1929.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In the same year, the National Socialist Party gained its first seats in the city's parliament.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[19] Centre of the Third Reich Adolf Hitler, leader of the National Socialist Party, which came to power in 1933, wanted to build Berlin his new capital, Welthauptstadt Germania.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Much of the town was to be demolished and rebuilt.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

With the construction work, living space would have been acquired for those left homeless by expelling Jews from the city.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The closest concentration camp was Oranienburg/Sachsenhausen, located 35 km away in the small town of Oranienburg.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[20] Construction projects were interrupted due to World War II.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Berlin was bombed 363 times by the Western Allies between 1940 and 1945.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[21] From November 1943 to March 1944, the city was subjected to its own bombing campaign.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Berlin served as the last stage of war in Europe when Red Army troops reached it in April 1945.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

There was a fierce battle for the town and, among other things, the Reichstag House fell into ruin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[22] A divided Berlin After World War II, Germany was divided into four occupation zones administered by the Soviet Union, the United States, the United Kingdom and France.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Remaining inside the Soviet zone, Berlin was also divided into four parts between these states: West Berlin was administered by the Western powers, East Berlin by the Soviet Union.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The Soviet Union effectively resigned itself from the joint administration of the occupying powers in 1948, failing to recognise the election of Social Democrat Ernst Reuter as mayor and installing its own mayor in its own zone.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

From June 1948 to May 1949, the Soviet Union held West Berlin under siege by cutting off all land connections and also limiting access to electricity and gas.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

From this blockade of Berlin, the city survived thanks to a massive air bridge arranged by the Western Allies.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[23] The situation became even more problematic with the formation of the Federal Republic of Germany from the western zones of Germany in 1949 and the German Democratic Republic (GDR) from the Soviet zone.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The GDR considered Berlin to be its capital; in practice, though only East Berlin served as its capital.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The Federal Republic of Germany, for its part, regarded Berlin as its own state, as the western part of the city was practically.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Among the winning powers, Berlin's legal status was also controversial.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

According to the Western Allies interpretation, in all of Berlin, the supreme power was exercised by four occupying powers and neither Germany; the Soviet Union, in turn, held that East Berlin came under the control of the GDR and that the state of occupation continued only in West Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[24] Until 1961 it was possible to move freely between West and East Berlin, although the border between the Germans was tightly guarded elsewhere.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

As more and more East Berliners and East Germans fled to the West through West Berlin, the GDR built the Berlin Wall in 1961, which it used to isolate West Berlin from East Berlin and the GDR.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The Berlin Wall divided the city in two until 1989, when the GDR lifted travel restrictions on its citizens.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The fall of the Berlin Wall was a huge symbolic event and a starting shot for the collapse of Europe's socialist state systems.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In 1990, the year of the demolition of the Wall, the four occupying powers ceded their tenure to Berlin to a united Germany in what is known as the Two Plus Four Treaty (officially in English, the Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[25] The capital of a united Germany as a result of the reunification of the Germans, Berlin also became yet another city.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

On 20 June 1991, the German Bundestag decided, with only a slight difference in votes, to move from Bonn to Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

However, it was not until 1999 that the German Bundestag and the government were able to move from Bonn to Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[26] Since reunification, Berlin has been much built and renovated, causing the city to be even called “Europe's largest construction site”.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[27] The city's economy has not improved as hoped; instead, the city has been on the brink of bankruptcy.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[28] Population In December 2008 the population of Berlin was 3431473 inhabitants.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[29] Berlin has a long tradition as a city of immigration, and its population is highly variegated in ethnic backgrounds.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Other stigmatizing features today include secularisation and the proportional over-representation of those who represent alternative lifestyles, such as gays and lesbians.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[30] [31] [32] [33] The city also attracts an abundance of artists as well as people who value alternative life and individualistic values with its liberal lifestyle, modern zeitgeist and low cost of living levels.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[34] [35] Population development Initially, Berlin's population developed slowly, and the city was not very significant on the German scale.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In 1500 the population of Berlin and Cölln was only 12000, and in the 17th century it was still halved, among other things, as a result of the Thirty Years' War.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Elector Fredrik Vilhelm, however, initiated an active immigration policy, inviting a large number of French Huguenots to the city, among others, who were persecuted in their homeland because of their faith.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The population turned to strong growth and by 1709 rose to around 55000 people.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Later industrialisation, as well as the rise of Berlin as the capital of a united German Empire, further accelerated growth, and in 1877 the limit of one million inhabitants was already crossed.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

A major municipal annexation in 1920, with numerous neighbouring towns and municipalities annexed to Berlin, brought the population by one time to 3.8 million and Berlin to the largest city in continental Europe.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

At its height, the population in 1943 visited about 4.3 million, but as a result of World War II it temporarily decreased to 2.8 million.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

After the war, with Berlin split in two, East Berlin steadily lost residents to West Berlin until the Berlin Wall was built in 1961.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Subsequently, the population to West Berlin was boosted by immigrants from southern Europe and Turkey, among others.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In turn, guest workers from Vietnam arrived in East Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The fall of the wall in 1989 increased the turnover of the population.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Although more than a million people have moved out of the city since then, newcomers — among them people from Eastern Europe, partly of German background — have kept the population relatively stable at 3.4 million know.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[36] [37] For most of the 1990s and the 2000s the birth rate was lower than the mortality rate, and only migration gains prevented the city's population from declining.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

More people were born again in 2007 and 2008 than died.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[38] Population composition The inhabitants of Berlin today represent a total of 195 different nationalities.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[39] Foreign nationals numbered approximately 473000 in July 2008, or 14.1% of the city's population.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[40] On top of this come people with a foreign background of German citizenship, whose exact number is difficult to assess because they are already on many knees, and there is no clear definition of the point at which a person ceases to be of “foreign background” and becomes a 'real' German .


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In 2006, a total of 8186 foreign Berliners were granted German citizenship.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[41] In 2007, the largest single group of foreigners were Turkish citizens, numbering 113779, and Berlin is often referred to as “the largest Turkish city outside Turkey”.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The next largest countries of origin were Poland (44400), Serbia (23370), Russia (14615), Italy (14446), United States (13761), France (12611), Vietnam (11615), Croatia (11029), Bosnia and Herzegovina (10576), United Kingdom (9797), Greece (9749), East Power (8813), Ukraine (8709), Lebanon (7691), Spain (6637), Bulgaria (6621), China (6013) and Thailand (5878).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[42] The highest proportion of foreigners is in the Mitte administrative region (28.3% foreign nationals).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[43] In 2006, 26% of the population was estimated to have a foreign background, and about half of these had German citizenship either because of birth or acquired citizenship in Germany.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

About 40% of the city's under-18s had a foreign background, meaning they were either born abroad or at least one of the parents has a foreign background.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[44] Of the approximately one million illegal immigrants in Germany, as many as one quarter, or about 250,000, are estimated to live in Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[45] Berlin has also been a popular migration destination for many social specialty groups.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

During the partition of the Germans, residents of West Berlin did not have to serve in the West German army, leading many young men from West Germany to emigrate there.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Because of its free-spirited atmosphere, Berlin also attracts, for example, those belonging to sexual minorities.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The mayor of Berlin, Klaus Wowereit, who relies on them, enjoys quite a lot of popular popularity.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Berlin is a very secularised city: 59% of the inhabitants do not belong to any denomination.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Lutherans make up 22.3%, Catholics 9.1% and those belonging to other Christian denominations 2.7%.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Muslims account for 6.2%, other religions 0.6%.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[46] Due to emigration from the former Eastern Bloc countries, the Jewish community in Germany, especially Berlin, is today the fastest growing in the world.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[47] [48] The dialect Berlinisch or Berlinerisch spoken in the Berlin—Brandenburg area is not actually a dialect but an evolving and influence-prone big city language.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

For centuries, the influx of migration that has arrived in Berlin has left its mark on the language.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The expressions, phonemes and sayings characteristic of the city often tell of the origin of the migrants who have settled in the city.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

For example, the word ich 'me' fits well with the Finnish mouth: it is pronounced Berlinisch [ɪk] rather than [ɪç].


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[49] Politics As the capital of Germany, Berlin is one of the most influential political centres in Europe.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Berlin, which had lost capital status after World War II, was formally regained as early as the German reunification in 1990, but it was not until the following year that key bodies of state power would also be concretely transferred from Bonn to Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The Office of the Federal President moved to Berlin in 1994, and the Bundestag, the main part of the government, as well as the Federal Council representing the Länder followed suit in 1999—2000.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The migration project received its formal decision after the Chancellor, who heads the government, settled into his newly completed agency in 2001.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

However, as a federal country, Germany is a less centralist country than, say, Finland, and a large number of ministries and other government offices are still located in Bonn and other cities, with no intention of relocating them all to Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[50] [51] The state and city Berlin is its own state () and city-state (), which makes it have quite extensive rights to decide its own affairs independently of the federal government.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Berlin's legislative body, or Parliament (), keeps its lodge in the former Prussian Landtag building.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The state government is formed by the Berlin Senate, consisting of the mayor and up to eight other senators.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[52] Since 2014, Michael Müller of the SPD, or Social Democrats, has served as mayor.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Following the 2011 state elections, a coalition government of the SPD and the CDU, or Conservatives, was formed.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In the state parliament, the SPD holds 47 and the CDU has 39 seats.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Also represented are Alliance 90/Greens (29 seats), Left Party (19 seats) and Pirate Party (15 seats).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[53] Minor parties are not represented, with a 5% vote threshold in place.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Unlike Finnish cities, Berlin's 12 administrative districts (Bezirk) also have some autonomous authority.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

They have their own parliaments (Bezirksverordnetenversammlung), elected in local elections.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

All EU citizens living in the region, including non-Germans, are eligible to vote in these elections, and the threshold is only three per cent.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The government of the administrative region serves as the “Administrative Area Agency” (Bezirksamt), which consists of the mayor (Bezirksbürgermeister) and councillors (Bezirksstadtrat) of the administrative region.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[54] Transport Public transport Berlin public transport is handled by metro trains, city trains, trams, buses and ferries.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The main responsibility for running the traffic is borne by Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe (BVG), a city-owned business company; only urban rail services are the responsibility of a separate company owned by Deutsche Bahn.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Public transport companies operating in the Berlin-Brandenburg region form a community called the Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg (VBB), where you can travel everywhere with the same ticket.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Berlin's public transport exoskeleton consists of the S-Bahn, or urban line, and U-Bahn, or metro.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Operating mainly below ground level, the subway opened in 1902.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Today, the 144.9km long metro network has nine lines and 170 stations.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The mainly above-ground urban line, on the other hand, is considered to have arisen in 1924, when the line, which had been built several decades earlier, began to be electrified.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

As its name suggests, the urban line is located almost entirely within Berlin's borders; further into the surroundings are run by separate commuter trains (RegionalBahn).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The 331-kilometer-long network of the urban line comprises 15 lines and 165 stations.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

With 1.3 million passengers passing on the urban line each weekday and 1.4 million on the subway, annualised figures are 375.8 and 457.9 million respectively.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[55] The third form of rail transport in Berlin is represented by the tramway (Straßenbahn, or Tram), which began operating as horse-operated in 1865.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Although the West Berlin tramway network was dismantled in the 1960s, the one that survived on the East Berlin side, today the 187.7km long network still belongs to the largest in the world.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

It carries 560,000 passengers every day (171 million per year).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[56] The densely operated main lines are referred to as MetroTram.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The tramway network has been extended by a few kilometres to the former West Berlin side.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[57] Further expansion of the network is planned, particularly in the periphery.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[58] However, passenger numbers higher than the tramway (350 million per year [59]) exist on bus lines.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Bus services in Berlin have existed since 1847, at first the vehicles were horse-powered.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Similar to tramway lines, standard bus lines are distinguished and densely, mostly every five minutes, Metrobus lines.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Other bus categories include express buses (ExpressBus), which stop only at selected stops, and night buses (Nachtbus).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The latter are intended especially for those moving on weekdays; on weekends and before public holidays, almost all urban rail, metro, MetroTram and Metrobus lines run through the night, albeit with a thinned tide interval.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The range of transport is complemented by six ferry lines that run on and on the lakes of Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Two lines operate year-round and the rest from spring to autumn.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Car and light traffic As in other major German cities, the popularity of private motoring in Berlin is comparatively low — the city has only 289 cars per 1,000 inhabitants, with a country-wide average of 472.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[60] Instead of a car, Berliners use a lot of public transport as well as a bicycle, insofar as they do not travel on foot.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Cycling accounts for 15 per cent of the city's total traffic.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[61] The length of the Berlin street grid is 5343.2km (January 2006).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[5] On the Brandenburg side, Berlin is surrounded by a circumferential motorway, namely the Autobahn A10.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In the Berlin area, the A100 motorway circling the western centre is situated, along with some radial motorways connecting the A10 and the A100, among them the former racecourse AVUS (now A115) and the A113 completed in May 2008.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

On urban motorways, the speed limit is usually 80km/h, on other throughways usually 50km/h and local streets usually 30km/h.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

73% of all streets are covered by the latter speed limit.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[61] There are no congestion charges in Berlin, but in March 2007 a law was enacted for the whole of Germany, which introduced new types of driving restrictions based on the emissions ratings of cars.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Vehicles below a certain emission level may be equipped with a red, yellow or green sticker indicating the magnitude of emissions.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Like some other German city centres, the area remaining inside the Berlin Ring Line was declared a so-called 'Environmental Zone' () in early 2008, in whose territory the use of high-emission cars is prohibited.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The act applies both to people from outside and to people living in it, of which in the case of Berlin there are about 1.1 million.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[62] Rail transport Berlin is an internationally important hub for rail transport: the new Berlin Central Railway Station, opened in 2006, is the largest junction station in Europe.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[63] Long-distance services are additionally served by stations of Südkreuz, Gesundbrunnen, Ostbahnhof and Spandau.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

All of these stations have direct connections to several European countries and are also used by ICE bullet trains.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Sub-regional services (RegionalBahn) are served by a total of 22 stations in Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[64] However, Berlin's most extensive railway system is the urban line to be counted within the city's public transport, or S-Bahn, with a total of 165 stations located on its network (see.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

above).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Air traffic in Berlin currently operates two commercial airports: Tegel (TXL), located off the western center, and Schönefeld (SXF), located on the city's southern border in Brandenburg.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Tempelhof Airport (THF), located in the Tempelhof district, closed in October 2008.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Tegel Airport is also planned to close and concentrate air traffic to the new major airport named Berlin Brandenburg International (BBI) on the site of Schönefeld Airport.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[65] Water transport Berlin water transport is not limited to public transport ferries (see


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

above) and sightseeing ferries for tourists, but also freight transport is abundant, as rivers and canals connect the city to both the Northern and Baltic Seas.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Berlin has four cargo ports: Osthafen in the eastern centre of Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg, Hafen Neukölln in Neukölln, Südhafen in Spandau, and the western centre, Westhafen in Moabit, the largest of these.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Considering that Berlin is a landlocked city, the combined freight traffic of the ports is considerable: about four million tonnes per year (roughly equivalent to the port of Turku).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[66] Economy In 2007, the growth rate of Berlin's economy was 1.8% (2.5% for all of Germany) and the city's combined gross domestic product was €81.7 billion.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[67] Since the reunification of the Germans, Berlin has suffered considerable economic difficulties despite its capital status.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The city's unemployment rate was 14.1% in spring 2008, a significantly higher figure than the average in Germany or the EU.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[68] The city is not among the richest cities in Germany, at least in terms of GDP per capita.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[69] However, according to a 2008 survey conducted by the USB, Berliners had the fourth largest purchasing power of the world's cities.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[70] Frantic construction has also debt-fuelled the city and brought it to the brink of bankruptcy.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Nor does the city have like the headquarters of two companies listed by Forbes Global 2000 (Siemens and Deutsche Bahn), but numerous German and foreign companies have branches in the city.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[71] As old industries have receded, tourism and creative economy jobs have become particularly important for the city.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

With 7.5 million hotel guests, the city is currently the third most popular tourist destination in the European Union, [72] [73] and is among the leading creative centres in Germany.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[74] Berlin is the second largest conference holding city in the world after Vienna.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[75] The city also has the Internationales Congress Centrum Berlin, or ICC, the largest convention centre in Europe.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Research and development has become very important for the city, and the Berlin-Brandenburg region is now listed among the three most innovative regions in the European Union.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[76] [77] The fast-growing sectors also include telecommunications, biological sciences, communications and information technology services, media and music, advertising and design, biotechnology and environmental protection services, transportation, and medical planning.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[78] The Berlin-Adlershof Science and Business Park is the largest technology park in Germany and is also among the 15 largest technology parks in the world.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[79] [80] In 2004 the largest employers in Berlin were [82] Deutsche Bahn AG (German State Railways) 19600 employees in Berlin Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (pharmaceutical factory) 15000 Siemens AG (electronics) 14600 Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe (BVG) 13400 Bankgesellschaft Berlin AG 12900 Vivantes-Netzwerk für Gesundheit GmbH (hospital group) 12000 Deutsche Post AG 12000 Deutsche Telekom AG 10000 Karstadt Warenhaus AG 8000 DaimlerChrysler Group 6900 Media Berlin has numerous television and radio stations, so regional, national and international.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[83] More daily newspapers appear in Berlin than in any other German city: among others the Berliner Zeitung, Der Tagesspiegel, Die Tageszeitung, Berliner Kurier, Berliner Morgenpost, as well as the most famous of newspapers, Die Welt, which is read all over Germany and which moved its headquarters Hamburg to Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Because Berlin is the capital of Germany, there are plenty of journalists and correspondents from all over Germany and the world.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[30] Education in Berlin operates four universities and several other educational institutions.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The total number of students in the city is 130,000.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[84] The three major universities are the oldest Humboldt University in the city (ca.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

37,000 students), [85] the Freie Universität Berlin (about 34000 students) founded on the western side after the partition of Berlin, [86], and the Technische Universität Berlin (28000 students) established on the western side.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[87] University of the Arts Universität der Künste is markedly smaller (4300 students).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Instruction is given there in both music and display house arts, fine arts architecture, media design and design.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[88] Berlin employs a total of 62000 scientists in research and development at the city's universities and research institutes.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[30] Health Services Berlin has a long tradition as a center of medicine and medical technology.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[89] The history of medicine was influenced in abundance by Berlin-based scientists, such as Rudolf Virchow, who has significantly developed pathology and discovered leukaemia, and Robert Koch, known as a pioneer in microbiology.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[90] The Charité Hospital Complex is today the largest university hospital in Europe.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Founded as far back as 1710, it is also one of the oldest hospitals still in operation in Europe.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The hospital has 3300 beds, students around 8000 and staff about 14000, and also has more than 60 operating rooms and a yearly exchange of over 1 billion euros.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[91] Charité is a joint institution of the Free University of Berlin and the University of Berlin in Humboldt, including a wide range of institutes and medical qualification centers.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Among them are the German Heart Center, one of the most reputed transplant centers, the Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine and the Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Genetics.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In addition to this, many research departments of industrial companies, such as Siemens and Schering, complement scientific research and competence.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Architecture and Cityscape City Structure Multipolarity Within the current boundaries of Berlin there are many areas that were already independent villages or towns in the Middle Ages.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Some of them are even older than Berlin itself, for example Spandau or Köpenick.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

For this reason, among other things, and because of the early partition of the Berlin Wall, Berlin does not have a single superior city surrounded by mere suburbs, but has more centres formed over a long period of time with different regional appeal.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Downtown activities, such as services and jobs, are spread over a fairly wide area, and the transport system is largely network-like, so that the need for business in the actual city centre is limited for many.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[92] [93] The actual city centres in Berlin are often thought to have two.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The other is the western centre (“City West”) around the Zoologischer Garten railway station, Kurfürstendamm, Breitscheidplatz and Tauentzienstraße in the boroughs of Charlottenburg and Schöneberg.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[94] The other is the eastern or historic centre in the district of Mitte, with distinction around Unter den Linden, Friedrichstraße, Hackescher Markt and Alexanderplatz.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

However, centrist areas in terms of service level and cityscape can also be found in many other boroughs, for example the market street along Schloßstraße from Steglitz or along Karl-Marx-Straße in Neukölln.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Kantakaupunki and suburban areas The area, which in Finnish might be called Kantakaupunki (German usually Innenstadt), covers the inner area of the ring track and, in some places, a zone extending several kilometres around it (for example, Wedding and Friedenau are located outside the ring track ).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[95] Depending on the definition, the area is between 10 and 15 kilometres in diameter.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Approximately 1.2 million people live in the area defined as Innenstadt by the Berlin—Brandenburg Central Statistical Agency.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[96] The area is characterised by the close-fitting set quarters of the 19th century, the Gründerzeit period and the Vilheline period.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Stone-foot shops and plentiful other services make the area lively.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Houses are usually about 5 storeys tall; going towards the midtown, the number of storeys rises slightly, but towers well above their surroundings are sparse.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Areas well preserved of their original character can be found in Prenzlauer Berg, Friedrichshain, Kreuzberg, Neukölln, Schöneberg, Wilmersdorf and Charlottenburg, among others.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

However, during the reconstruction of areas destroyed in World War II, particularly in East Berlin, areas completely different from the previous cityscape, such as the surroundings of Karl-Marx-Allee, emerged.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In the early 20th century a lot of Siedlungs (new construction areas) were built near Wilhelm Berlin, which are looser and less lively (for example, the famous Hufeisensiedlung in Britz).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

As you go towards the periphery of the city, construction becomes shallower and village-like, but it is still dense, so that the border between settlement and rural areas is steep.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The look of the periphery is dominated by small houses, especially urban villas (Stadtvilla, usually about 2—3 storey houses comprising one or more apartments on their own plot).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Many of these areas are quite expensive, for example, Zehlendorf or Dahlem.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In places on the periphery, higher apartment blocks are also located.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[95] These were built especially during the GDR period in East Berlin (for example, Marzahn, Hellersdorf, Hohenschönhausen), but a few similar areas can also be found in the west, such as Märkisches Viertel.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Famous monuments Due to its history, Berlin is very fragmented and varied in its cityscape.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Much of the old building stock was destroyed in World War II but also in peacetime renewal projects.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The architectural ideals of many different epochs and social systems appear side by side in the city.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Berlin is not in the reputation of a particularly beautiful city, but many specifically appreciate its versatility and colorfulness.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[97] Individual medieval and Renaissance monuments from the most ancient Berlin have not survived much.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The city's medieval core, the Nikolaiviertel (Nikolaikorttelti), was almost completely destroyed to the ground in World War II.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

This area, which remained on the East Berlin side, was not rebuilt until the 1980s.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The streets still follow the medieval station plan, and the buildings were made to resemble medieval houses, but many of them are assembled in accordance with the GDR style from precast concrete blocks and so provide only an indicative illusion of the original style.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The centre of the area is the Nikolaikirche (Nikolaikirche), built around 1230, of which only the outer walls survived in the war and is now restored to its pre-destruction neo-Gothic habitation.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[98] Other medieval monuments include, for example, St. Marienkirche, which also dates to the 13th century.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In the Middle Ages, in the 15th century, the first version of the town castle was also built.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Admittedly, the castle experienced many thorough deformations before it was razed in 1950.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The oldest surviving castle in Berlin is the Jagdschloss Grunewald (1542—1543), an early Renaissance hunting castle in the Grunewald Forest.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The oldest surviving residential building in Berlin is known as the Ribbeckhaus and dates to 1624.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[99] Also, many of the boroughs outside the centre, which were once independent cities, have histories stretching back to the Middle Ages.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Spandau, for example, has its own old town, which, like the rest of Berlin, suffered terrible devastation in the Second World War.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

However, along with the medieval town plan, what remains are the Nikolaikirche (13th—15th century), [100] the so-called Gothic house (Gotisches Haus, 15th century), [101] parts of the city wall (14th century), and above all the Spandau fort (Spandauer Zitadelle), which dates mainly to the 16th century.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The fort is considered a marking work of Renaissance-era military architecture.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Its oldest surviving parts date from the 13th century.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[102] The Baroque and Neoclassical capital of kings and emperors, the present centre of Berlin is most strongly characterised by the architecture of the 18th and 19th centuries, which represented at first Baroque and later Neoclassicism as well as other forms of historicism.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In keeping with these styles, the kings of Prussia and German emperors built Berlin their stately capital, which was to embody their pomp.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[103] Among the notable buildings representing the Baroque, one can mention, for example, Charlottenburg Castle in western Berlin, the construction of which was begun in 1695.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

However, the actual centre was formed around the parade street Unter den Linden, along which many of Berlin's well-known attractions lie.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The street begins in the west at Pariser Platz Square and the Brandenburg Gate (1788—1791), a symbol of the city.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Next to the gate is the Reichstag House (1894).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Further east along the street are the main building of the State Library (1914), the equestrian statue of Fredrik the Great, and the Bebelplatz Square, surrounded by, among others, the main building of Humboldt University (1748—1766) and the Royal Opera (1742).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

On the east side of the square are other notable buildings, such as the Neue Wache (1818), originally built to guard soldiers, and the oldest surviving building along the street, the Zeughaus (1695—1730), where today the German Historical Museum is located.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

To the east of this is the Museum Island (Museuminsel), which takes its name from the huge museum complex there (1830—1930) and on which the Berlin Cathedral (1895—1905) also rises.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

A little to the east of it lies, among others, the Red Town Hall (1869).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

South of Unter den Linden, on the other hand, is the Gendarmenmarkt, considered the most beautiful square in the city, with its twin churches (17th and 18th century switchboard).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[104] The city centre is also associated with the Tiergarten Park on its west side, which houses the Siegessäule, a victory column built to commemorate the German Unification Wars of 1861—1871, and Bellevue Castle (1786).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The area west of the Tiergarten, which forms the centre of present-day West Berlin, had long been peripheral, but its development began in the Imperial period.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Among other things, KaDeWe, which remains the largest department store in continental Europe, was built there between 1906 and 1907.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[105] Much of Berlin's neighbourhoods took their present form during the 19th-century building boom (“Gründerzeit”) and the turn of the century, when the main architectural stylistic directions were historicism and Art Nouveau.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Good examples are the boroughs of Prenzlauer Berg, Kreuzberg and Schöneberg.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Social housing in the Weimar Republic during the Weimar Republic was invested in improving the housing conditions of the poor people.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Among other things, the architecture school Bauhaus was strongly influenced by ideas.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Six Berlin neighbourhoods built during that period were added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2008 as examples of the new type of architecture that gave direction internationally, as well as urban and garden design.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[106] Among the landmarks built during the Weimar Republic can also be mentioned, for example, the Berlin Radio Tower (Funkturm).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

During Nazi Germany, unprecedented major construction projects were undertaken in Berlin, although only a small part could be implemented.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Adolf Hitler and Albert Speer planned to rebuild Berlin into a new “world capital”, Welthauptstadt Germania.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

During World War II there was already time to demolish and clear the surroundings of the Reichstag House, where the immense Große Halle (or Halle des Volkes) was to be built.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The German defeat in 1945 nipped these plans in the bud, and of the few completed buildings, many — such as the Reich Chancellery — were razed after the war.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

What remains are the Detlev-Rohwedder-Haus, which was occupied by the German Ministry of Finance, which housed the administration of the Air Force of Nazi Germany, in addition to the Olympic Stadium built for the Berlin Olympics in 1936 and the terminal at Tempelhof Airport, which was, when completed, the European the longest building.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Also worth mentioning is the Schwerbelastungskörper still near Tempelhof Airport, a huge cylinder cast from concrete that was meant to measure whether the city's soil could withstand the weight of massive buildings designed by Hitler and Speer.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Berlin was largely destroyed, first in the final battles of World War II and later in the division of Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The old centre was left bisected by a wall and, for example, Potsdamer Platz, the business centre of the 1920s—1930s, was completely destroyed to make way for the wall.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Major new construction began in both halves of the city.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In the 1950s—1960s, a new centre was built for East Berlin around the destroyed Alexanderplatz.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The former Frankfurter Allee was shaped into a wide parade street by Stalin-Allee (now Karl-Marx-Allee) and flanked with buildings built in the Soviet style.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

On this street, East Germany held its flamboyant victory parades, and the residences along it were intended for party officials as well as distinguished citizens.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[107] A 365 metre high television tower, Fernsehturm, became a landmark in the Alexanderplatz area and all of Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The historic centre, which remained on the East Berlin side, was also being rebuilt: the Royal Palace of Hohenzollerns, which had been badly damaged in bombings, was blown up in the 1950s as a symbol of “Prussian militarism,” and the German Democratic Republic was built on the site Parliament House Palace of the Republic (Palast der Republik) in front of which was a double statue of Marx and Engels.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The palace housed the Volkskammer, the parliament of the German Democratic Republic.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In 2003, the German Bundestag decided that the building be razed because of asbestos and a new cultural centre, the Humboldt-Forum, will be built in its place, with modern interiors but whose facade will become an exact replica of the Royal Palace.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Demolition work was completed in December 2008.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Modernist West Berlin The centre of West Berlin was formed around the trading street Kurfürstendamm.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Its landmark is the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church (Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gedächtniskirche), destroyed in war, whose ruins have been left standing to remind the absurdity of war next to a modernist new church building.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[108] A tower house Europa-Center was also built nearby, which is also one of West Berlin's landmarks.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Milestones of West Berlin architecture during the division include, for example, the Hansaviertel residential area (whose design included Alvar Aalto), the Kulturforum ensemble with the Berlin Philharmonia and many other cultural buildings, such as the New National Gallery (1960 chapter), as well as the Berlin Congress Hall.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

These are all located in the loins of the Tiergarten.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Further west in Charlottenburg lies another convention centre, the ICC, which is among the largest in the world and is also regarded as one of the major works of post-war West German architecture.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Postmodern united Berlin United Berlin has been the subject of lively new construction since the demolition of the wall.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The loss of the wall meant the appearance of a huge unbuilt zone in the middle of the city of a million.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The construction of the new Berlin has been a spectacular economic and symbolic project to build a capital city for a united Germany in line with its European superpower.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[109] Most of the administration of the Federal Republic of Germany has moved from Bonn to Berlin, and a new administrative district has sprung up in the surroundings of the restored Reichstag House, most prominently the new Chancellery Office (2001).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

For example, the joint building of Nordic embassies (1999) south of the Tiergarten has also become famous because of its architecture.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

There are elevated skyscrapers to Potsdamer Platz and a spectacular Sony Center completed in 2000.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

A new Berlin Central Railway Station, the largest junction station in Europe, was completed north of the Tiergarten in 2006.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Attractions in United Berlin also include the new building of the Jewish Museum (1999) and the Holocaust Memorial (2005) unveiled next to the Brandenburg Gate in the former Wall Zone.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Major projects in the coming years include the construction of a replica of the Royal Palace to replace the demolished Palace of the Republic.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Invited to build the united Berlin were the great masters of postmodernism James Stirling of London, Hans Hollein of Vienna, Rob Krier of Luxembourg, Arata Isozaki of Tokyo and Richard Meier of New York.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Influences from all over the world were desired in Germany and were thought to be inspired by German architects.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[110] Berlin therefore accommodates multi-era architecture, but today Germany focuses on ecological construction.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Berlin is investing in using solar energy and using materials less than nature in architecture.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[111] Urban nature and recreation areas For a million city, Berlin is exceptionally green.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The general look of the city is already affected by the fact that most of the streets are lined with timber slopes, including in downtown or suburban areas, mostly except for some parts of Mitte.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In addition, there are more than 2500 parks and other recreation areas within the built up city, covering a total of 11.5% of the area.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[112] The largest and most famous of these parks is the Tiergarten (proverbially “Zoo” or “Zoological Park”) in the heart of the city.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

It takes its name from the fact that it was founded in the 16th century originally as a hunting ground for the Electors of Brandenburg.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The pristine nature of Berlin — as in German cities in general — has been kept more strictly separate from the built city than in Finland.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Thus, residential areas and forests do not mix together in the same way as the suburbs of Finnish cities.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The matter of missing “nearby forests” is driven by built parks.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

However, keeping the community structure tight has allowed extensive unitary forest areas to be left entirely recreational in the periphery of the city.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

These forests cover 18% of the area of the city.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[112] The most famous of them is the Grunewald on the western edge of the city, where one of Berlin's largest lakes, the Wannsee, is also located.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Wannsee's just under 1.3 kilometres long bathing area is said to be Europe's largest inland beach.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[113] A special position among the parks is the Botanical Garden in southwest Berlin, which, with its size of 43 hectares and some 22000 species of plants, is among the largest in the world.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[114] There are two zoos in Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Opened in 1844, just off the centre of West Berlin, the Zoologischer Garten is the world's most species-rich zoo (around 1400 species and 14000 animals).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[115] During the division of the city, the Tierpark, established in East Berlin, has fewer animals, but it was designed to function as a park at the same time.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

It is the largest landscape zoo in Europe by area (160ha).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[116] Culture Theatre, Music and Cinema Theatres in Berlin are counted at 52 with a total of 9729 performances in 2005.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[5] Large, well-known theatres include the Berliner Ensemble, Volksbühne, Deutsches Theater Berlin, Friedrichstadt-Palast and Theater des Westens.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The new musical theatre recently opened on Potsdamer Platz has also received a lot of attention for its part.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

There are three opera houses in Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The oldest of them, the former Royal Court Opera and the current State Opera (Staatsoper Unter den Linden), was founded in 1742.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Due to repair work on the State Opera building, opera performances will be held between October 2010 and 2013 at the Schiller Theater in the Charlottenburg borough.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Alongside the State Opera came the Deutsche Oper Berlin in 1912, as well as in 1947 a further Komische Oper Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In 2004, in order to improve the money-sharing between operas, they were incorporated, together with the State Ballet (Staatsballett Berlin), into the Berlin Opera Foundation (Stiftung Oper in Berlin).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Three more independent opera societies operate outside the foundation.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[117] Orchestras and choirs in Berlin are also abundant: seven symphony orchestras, about 15 chamber orchestras and choirs around 850.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[117] The best known orchestras include the Berlin Philharmonic, the Staatskapelle Berlin and the Konzerthausorchester Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In particular, the Berlin Concert Hall and the Berlin Philharmonia serve as venues.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

There are around 250 clubs and other venues specialising in performing live music.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[118] From events in the music industry, for example, the world-famous electronic music festival Love Parade has attracted 1.5 million participants at best.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[119] Several hundred film and television production companies operate in Berlin, producing more than 300 films each year.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[120] Important filming locations include Filmstudio Babelsberg in Potsdam, founded in 1911.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The Berlin Film Festival, held since 1951, is the most internationally famous part of the Berlin Festival (Berliner Festspiele) and one of the most important film festivals in the world.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[121] Fine Arts Although Berlin has not served as the actual birthplace of German-oriented stylistic directions such as expressionism or neofaciality, the city has been traditionally vibrant and prominent in the field of visual arts.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[122] In addition to large art museums, Berlin has several small galleries and museums, such as the Käthe-Kollwitz-Museum Berlin, which contains the works of prominent female artist Käthe Kollwitz.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

There are plenty of public sculptures on the streets and parks; one of the most famous is the equestrian statue of Alter Fritz, or Fredrik the Great, on Unter den Linden.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[123] The art of painting in art museums since the 13th century is exhibited by the Gemäldegalerie near Potsdamer Platz, among others.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The Alte Nationalgalerie and Galerie der Romantik give a good insight into German 18th—19th century art.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[124] The Neue Nationalgalerie contains a cross-section of the art of Germans and also foreign modernists.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Contemporary art is provided by the Deutsche Guggenheim Art Museum, which holds four major exhibitions a year.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Berlin has served as a traditional and vibrant centre of German Underground art since the 1920s.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The city has numerous performances and happenings organised by local and artists from elsewhere over the year.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[125] Museums Berlin houses several museums of international importance.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Especially famous is the Museum Island (Museumsinsel) in the center of the city, which since 1999 has been included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The oldest museum on the island is the Old Museum (Altes Museum), founded in 1830.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

It was followed in 1859 by the New Museum (Neues Museum), in 1876 by the Old National Gallery (Alte Nationalgalerie), in 1904 by the Bode Museum (Bode-Museum), and in 1930 by the Pergamon Museum (Pergamon-Museum).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

With the exception of the Old National Gallery, which specialises in 19th-century painting and sculpture art, these museums display mainly archaeological collections, including artifacts from ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, Rome and Byzantium, among others.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Most visitors are drawn to the Pergamon Museum, whose well-known attraction nails include the monumental altar found in Pergamon, the Miletos Gate and the Ištar Gate, which was part of Babylon's city wall.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[126] The shelters of the Altes Museum include e.g.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

a bust of Queen Nefertiti.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

There are also numerous notable museums in other parts of Berlin, such as the Gemäldegalerie and the Neue Nationalgalerie exhibiting the art of painting.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The German Historical Museum (Deutsches Historisches Museum) on Unter den Linden presents the history of the country over a period of more than 2000 years.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

More recent history focuses, for example, on the Wall Museum next to Checkpoint Charlie (Mauermuseum — Haus am Checkpoint Charlie).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The Berlin Jewish Museum (Jüdisches Museum Berlin), opened in 1999, which tells the fate of Jews in Germany, has also attracted attention because of its architecture.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

A major museum concentration is located in the Dahlem district, including a museum of Indian art, East Asian art and ethnological, among others.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The Deutsches Technikmuseum Berlin is one of the largest museums of engineering in the world.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Many castles, such as Charlottenburg Castle, and other historical buildings also serve as museums.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In total, the city has more than 170 different museums and about 300 art galleries.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[127] In 1997, the first “Night of Museums” event (Lange Nacht der Museen) took place in Berlin, which has subsequently been modelled around the world.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[128] Food culture Traditional Berlin cuisine includes some of its own specialities, although overall it is part of northern German cuisine.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

You could characterize it as unpretentious and thoughtful.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The main part is meat, especially pork and beef, but because the Berlin region has an abundance of water bodies, plenty of fish have also been eaten there, for example carp, walleye and eel.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Among the traditional vegetables, cabbages, pea crops, as well as various root vegetables can be mentioned.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Typical Berlin dishes include Eisbein (pork pot served with sauerkraut and pea puree), Kasseler (smoked pork), and Bockwurst (a type of sausage containing mainly pork).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

However, traditional foods do not have a very strong position in practice; eating habits are quite international in Berlin, which is already influenced by the size of the city's immigrant population.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The range of ethnic restaurants is considerable, and there are many of them because eating out is common in Berlin on more than holidays.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[129] There are a dense number of shops and stalls offering fast food in Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The local speciality Currywurst (sausage pieces served with tomato-based curry sauce) emerged as the most popular fast food in the late 1940s.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In recent decades, at least as great popularity has been achieved by the kebab, or Döner in German terms, the local variant of which is usually sold for inclusion inside Turkish bread (not pita bread).


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The Berlin-based Döner has become widely known, and today local kebab skewers are even exported to Turkey.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[130] The most famous of the Berlin pastries is the Berlin monk, who, although in the city itself, is not called by this name but by the name Pfannkuchen.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Berlin-based beverages are best known outside the city for its beers, particularly the Berliner Weiße type wheat beer, with which it is customary to mix either raspberry or marath syrup, which dyes the beer red or green.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Sports Berlin was the host city of the 1936 Summer Olympics.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

It then went offside for political reasons.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

During the Cold War, awarding the Games of Values to West Berlin would likely have led to a boycott of the Soviet-led Eastern Bloc.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[131] In the spirit of slimming in the 1970s, the city was allowed to host a few initial group matches of the 1974 Football World Cup, as well as the World Swimming Cup in 1978.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Thereafter, the big political frost began to tighten again, and the Grand Games were allowed to wait for the Berlin Wall to fall.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[131] Berlin was one of the host cities of the 2006 Football World Cup.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Berlin qualified for the World Championships in Athletics in 2009.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

The EuroLeague final four was held at the O2 World in the city during the 2008—09 season.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Among sports clubs Berlin by far the most popular sport is football typically for a German city, where the city has a team in the Bundesliga, Hertha BSC.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In Germany, handball is also typically seen next most in the street image.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

City team Füchse Berlin took their first major win in spring 2014 by winning the DHB-Pokal of the German Cup.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In the modern period, the first official handball match was played in Germany specifically in Berlin in 1917.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Football: Hertha BSC Berlin, 1.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

FC Union Berlin Basketball: ALBA Berlin (Basketball-Bundesliga) Handball: Füchse Berlin (Handball-Bundesliga) Ice Hockey: Eisbären Berlin (DEL) Volleyball: SCC (Bundesliga) Water Polo: Wasserfreunde Spandau 04 (Bundesliga) Berlin Friendlies Berlin First twinning was established between West Berlin and Los Angeles in 1967, and the city today has 17 official twinning cities.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

[132] East Berlin also established twinned relations, but these were terminated when Berlin reunified.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

In addition to twinning cities, Berlin has cooperation activities with at least Copenhagen, Helsinki, Johannesburg, Shanghai, Seoul, Sofia, Sydney and Vienna.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Sources Common sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Rainer Eisenschmidt & Isolde Bacher & Gisela Buddée| title = Berlin — Potsdam| publisher = Verlag Karl Baedeker| year = 2006| version = 17th edition| id = ISBN 3-8297-1054-2| language = Template:De}} (traditional Baedeker Series Travel Guide) References On the topic elsewhere Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

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Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Berlin in fiction Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Döblin, Alfred| title = Berlin Alexanderplatz| publisher = WSOY| year = 1994| version=Finland. Aarno Peromies}} Nonfiction Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Abenstein, Edelgard & Fiedler, Jeannine| title = Berlin: art and architecture| publisher = Ullmann| year = 2009| version = Translated by Pirkko Roinila and Otto Lappalainen| id = ISBN 978-3-8331-8331-8331-71-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Donner, Jörn| title = Berlin — everyday life and threat| publisher = WSOY| year = 1958| version = Finland. Toivo J. Kivilahti}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hapuli, Ritva (ed.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

) | title = Berlin: Author's City| publisher = Society of Finnish Literary Literary | year = 2004}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hentilä, Marjaliisa & Hentilä, Seppo| title = Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Tours in recent history| location = Helsinki| publisher = Bookworks| year = 2008| id = ISBN 978-951-607-693-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Möttölä, Matias| title = Berlin| publisher = Image| year = 2006}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Saarinen, Hannes | title = Berlin.


Question: When did Berlin become the capital of Germany?

Berlin

Culture and History| publisher = Otava| year = 1999}} * Category:Key articles of screening Category:41.3 Central Europe


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

Ronald Ernest “Ron” Paul (born August 20, 1935 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) is a Texan Libertarian Party politician and former congressman.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

Paul has been a member of the House of Representatives from 1976 to 1977, 1979—1985 and 1997—2013.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

He ran for President of the United States in the 1988 presidential election as a Libertarian Party candidate and came third after receiving 0.47% of the vote.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

Paul ran for the Republican Party's nomination for the 2008 and 2012 presidential elections, but was not elected.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

[1] Paul is a conservative and libertarian who advocates small and limited constitutional government as well as broad individual freedoms.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

He has never voted for an increase in taxes.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

Paul advocates abolishing the Federal Revenue Service and income taxation.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

Paul is an advocate of returning to stable money like the gold standard and wants to abolish the US central banking system.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

He is pushing for a down cut of all tax-funded public Social Security and development aid, albeit he does not seek an immediate end to those state programs.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

Paul advocates a neutral foreign policy and an end to embargoes and sanctions on foreign countries.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

He opposed the Iraq war from the start, but advocated for the war in Afghanistan that began in 2001.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

Paul calls for US secession from NATO and UN


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

He has been staunchly opposed to the Patriot Act, the federal war on drugs and the curtailment of squire rights.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

Paul also opposes abortion and wants to invalidate the Roe v. Wade resolution, as well as shifting responsibility for decision-making on abortion to the states.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

Biographer Ron Paul was born in Pennsylvania on the outskirts of Pittsburgh in Green Tree.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

His parents were Margaret (o.s. Dumont) and Howard Caspar Paul.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

Howard Paul owned a dairy ranch along with his two brothers.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

The brothers” father had immigrated to the United States from Germany.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

Paul's family was Lutheran.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

[2] Ron Paul was the third of five sons born into the family.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

He started working on a ranch at the age of five and later distributed newspapers, had a job at a pharmacy and after getting his license for a short time as a milkman.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

Having excelled in athletics, Paul graduated from Dormont High School in 1953.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

He won the state championship in the 220-yard sprint.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

[3] His best time in the 100-yard run is 9.7 seconds.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

[4] He was also on the wrestling team, played American football and baseball, and served as student body president.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

After undergoing surgery for a knee injury, Paul gave up athletics and took up swimming to rehabilitate.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

One top university offered him an all-encompassing scholarship, believing he would soon recover to peak fitness.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

However, Paul turned down the scholarship because he didn't want to take a chance on his knee.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

[5] Paul paid for his first year of study at Gettysburg University himself and later received a small scholarship.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

At Gettysburg, he distributed mail and laundry, operated the university cafeteria and joined the swim team.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

He completed his bachelor's degree in 1957, specializing in biology.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

Paul received his doctorate in medicine from Duke University in 1961.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

At the time of the Cuban Missile Crisis he began service in the United States Air Force.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

He served as an Air Force physician until 1965.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

Political career Paul became interested in politics in the 1960s after becoming acquainted with Austrian economics, and especially Friedrich von Hayek's work The Road to Slavery influenced his thinking.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

Paul was also introduced to the views of Ayn Rand, Ludwig von Mises, Hans F. Senholz, and Murray Rothbard.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

Richard Nixon decoupled the United States from the 1971 gold standard, which led Paul to firmly believe that the Austrian school was right.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

[6] Paul first ran for congressman in 1974, but did not get elected until a special vote in 1976 when Robert R. Casey's seat became vacant.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

The first membership ended in 1977.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

After his 1979 re-election, Paul sat until 1985.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

Paul was the first congressman to propose limiting the terms of office of members of the House of Representatives.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

In 1984, he was nominated for the United States Senate, but lost and also lost his representative seat.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

In the 1988 presidential election, he was the Libertarian Party candidate, receiving 0.47% of the vote.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

In 1996, Paul was re-elected as a congressman.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

In October 2002, Paul filed a declaration of war on Iraq before Congress, while declaring that he himself did not intend to vote for the war.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

He stated that if Congress wants to start a war, it should abide by the United States Constitution and issue a formal declaration of war.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

During his 2008 presidential campaign, Paul announced he would run for the Republican Party's presidential nomination in the 2008 election.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

On December 16, 2007, Paul's backers set an all-time fundraising record in U.S. political history by donating $6.6 million to the presidential campaign in one day.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

Another similar fundraising day Supporters conducted on November 5, bringing earnings to $4.2 million.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

On average, donations the campaign has received from individual individuals have been small, in the hundred-dollar range.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

[7] Paul received more donations from members of the United States Defence Forces than any other presidential candidate.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

[8] Of Paul's campaign financing, 99 percent came from private people.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

[9] However, Paul did not get elected; instead John McCain was chosen as the nominee, and Paul officially withdrew from seeking the nomination on June 12, 2008.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

After the 2008 campaign, with money left over from the 2008 presidential campaign, Paul started the Campaign for Liberty (Finnish.


Question: Where was Ron Paul born?

Ron Paul

Campaign for Freedom, in its entirety “Ron Paul's Campaign for Liberty”), designed to support political activities advocating freedom and limited government at all levels of government.