Question: When did the building of the Great Wall of China stop?

Great Wall of China

[27] Labor in the construction of the Great Wall of China involved millions of people: soldiers, criminals and ordinary people.


Question: When did the building of the Great Wall of China stop?

Great Wall of China

At some times, all Chinese men, and sometimes boys too, had to participate in construction work.


Question: When did the building of the Great Wall of China stop?

Great Wall of China

1.8 million were involved in the construction of the Northern Qi Wall between Xiakou and Hengzhou and 1 million workmen in the construction of the Sui (581—618) wall.


Question: When did the building of the Great Wall of China stop?

Great Wall of China

The soldiers were responsible for much of the northern Qi (550—557) as well as the wall construction labor during the Qin dynasty.


Question: When did the building of the Great Wall of China stop?

Great Wall of China

The Wall of Qin was initially built by 300,000 soldiers, followed by 500,000 ordinary citizens.


Question: When did the building of the Great Wall of China stop?

Great Wall of China

Criminals sentenced to four years of forced labour built the wall at night and guarded it by day.


Question: When did the building of the Great Wall of China stop?

Great Wall of China

[28] The Ming Dynasty wall was built at a rate of about one kilometre a day with over 300,000 people.


Question: When did the building of the Great Wall of China stop?

Great Wall of China

[25] The wall was built in very demanding conditions.


Question: When did the building of the Great Wall of China stop?

Great Wall of China

Some of the prisoners and soldiers marched to the site died already en route, and many died in construction work from exhaustion or malnutrition.


Question: When did the building of the Great Wall of China stop?

Great Wall of China

Food supply was difficult in infertile conditions, and much of the provisions sent to the site disappeared along the way.


Question: When did the building of the Great Wall of China stop?

Great Wall of China

[29] Oblivion and Restoration of Esteem When the Wall had become redundant after 1644, its maintenance was discontinued.


Question: When did the building of the Great Wall of China stop?

Great Wall of China

The wall began to be seen in China as a remnant of a bygone world of which there was no reason to be proud.


Question: When did the building of the Great Wall of China stop?

Great Wall of China

[30] The wall was demolished and its stones were used as building needs.


Question: When did the building of the Great Wall of China stop?

Great Wall of China

In Europe, there was only an excess of knowledge of the wall still in the 17th century, but as Russians, Britons and other Europeans who visited China spread information about the wall, it began to be interested outside China.


Question: When did the building of the Great Wall of China stop?

Great Wall of China

[31] For a long time in the Western world it was believed that the wall was older than real, made entirely of stone, and uniform and not composed of several parts.


Question: When did the building of the Great Wall of China stop?

Great Wall of China

The Chinese Europeans' curiosity about the wall was both amused and doubted, but later it contributed to the rediscovery of the importance of the wall in China.


Question: When did the building of the Great Wall of China stop?

Great Wall of China

[32] It was not until the Japanese occupation during the 1930s that Mao Zedong raised it to mark the achievements of an ordinary suffering people, did the Chinese themselves actually begin to pay attention to their walls as a national symbol.


Question: When did the building of the Great Wall of China stop?

Great Wall of China

[33] In modern times, the Importance Great Wall of China is today a monument of national importance whose name and image appear in countless different contexts.


Question: When did the building of the Great Wall of China stop?

Great Wall of China

[34] It is also one of China's most popular tourist destinations.


Question: When did the building of the Great Wall of China stop?

Great Wall of China

The wall was annexed in 1987 to the UNESCO World Heritage List.


Question: When did the building of the Great Wall of China stop?

Great Wall of China

[35] [24] The present condition of the Great Wall of China is eroded by wind and rain and human influence little quiet, and much of the wall is not maintained.


Question: When did the building of the Great Wall of China stop?

Great Wall of China

Some parts built of stone and brick, such as Badaling, are still in good condition.


Question: When did the building of the Great Wall of China stop?

Great Wall of China

In more remote areas, however, there are often no more broken stones and bricks left of the wall, or it is covered under sand.


Question: When did the building of the Great Wall of China stop?

Great Wall of China

The wall of the Maowusu and Tenggel deserts has already disappeared, and the walls of Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi and Shanxi have already been plastered so that only experts can detect the wall from the ground.


Question: When did the building of the Great Wall of China stop?

Great Wall of China

[36] Local residents have additionally utilized the material of the wall in house construction when it has not been known that they belong to the wall.


Question: When did the building of the Great Wall of China stop?

Great Wall of China

The wall has also been demolished across China while infrastructure is being built.


Question: When did the building of the Great Wall of China stop?

Great Wall of China

[37] According to the Chinese authorities and experts, the forces of nature and people are doing such destruction to the wall that action must be taken immediately in order to save the cultural heritage of the Wall for posterity.


Question: When did the building of the Great Wall of China stop?

Great Wall of China

[38] The Great Wall of China as seen from space According to popular conception, the Great Wall of China would be the only man-made structure visible to the naked eye from Earth orbit or the Moon.


Question: When did the building of the Great Wall of China stop?

Great Wall of China

[39] [24] However, the human eye cannot see a structure seven metres wide from so far away.


Question: When did the building of the Great Wall of China stop?

Great Wall of China

[39] [25] To be visible to the naked eye from Earth's orbit, the structure should be hundreds of metres wide, and its length does not help the matter.


Question: When did the building of the Great Wall of China stop?

Great Wall of China

Nor has any spaceflyers claimed to have seen the wall on their flight, not even the taikonaut Yang Liwei in 2003.


Question: When did the building of the Great Wall of China stop?

Great Wall of China

In the 2000s, Chinese-US astronaut Leroy Chiao managed to take a photograph from the orbiting International Space Station with a heavily magnifying lens showing a faint view of the wall.


Question: When did the building of the Great Wall of China stop?

Great Wall of China

Astronauts say, however, there are other objects on Earth that can be seen in good conditions with the help of a telescope more clearly than the Great Wall of China.


Question: When did the building of the Great Wall of China stop?

Great Wall of China

[39] Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Briggs, Asa (editor-in-chief) | title = Solution moments: 100 events that changed our world| publisher = Selected Palaces| year = 1995| id = ISBN 951-584-073-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Huotari, Tauno-Olavi| title = Chinese attraction| publisher = English-China-follow| year = 1988| id = ISBN 951-99919-3-X}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Man, John.| title= The Great Wall: the Extraordinary Story of China's Wonder of the World| location = Cambridge, Massachusetts| publisher = Da Capo Press| year = 2008| id = ISBN 9780306817670| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When did the building of the Great Wall of China stop?

Great Wall of China

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.}


Question: When did the building of the Great Wall of China stop?

Great Wall of China

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Rojas, Carlos| title= Great Wall: A Cultural History| location = Cambridge, Massachusetts| publisher = Harvard University Press| year = 2010| id=ISBN 9780674058804| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When did the building of the Great Wall of China stop?

Great Wall of China


Question: When did the building of the Great Wall of China stop?

Great Wall of China

References On topic elsewhere.


Question: When did the building of the Great Wall of China stop?

Great Wall of China

Juha Leino:.


Question: When did the building of the Great Wall of China stop?

Great Wall of China

The GB Times.


Question: When did the building of the Great Wall of China stop?

Great Wall of China

on July 19, 2003.


Question: When did the building of the Great Wall of China stop?

Great Wall of China

Category:Chinese buildings and structures Category:Walls Category:UNESCO World Heritage Sites in China Category:Border walls and fences Category:Key articles in screening


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (28 August 1749, Frankfurt am Main — 22 March 1832, Weimar) was a German general genius: poet, novelist, playwright, humanist, scholar, painter and, for ten years, also Prime Minister of the Weimar State.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Goethe is widely regarded as the most influential figure in German-language fiction.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Goethe was a neo-humanist of the Weimar classics, leaning on antiquity of the time, who also influenced Finnish literature of the period of national romanticism.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Goethe's famous work on youth is the book novel The Sufferings of Young Werther (1774), and his main work is a two-volume, written in poetry form Faust (1808, 1832).


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

[1] Life Goethe's father Johann Kaspar Goethe (1710—1782) was a doctor of law who was among the wealthiest burghers of Frankfurt.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Goethe's mother was Katharina Textor (1731—1808).


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Goethe did not attend school as a child, but was homeschooled extensively by his cultured father and governesses.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

[2] He was taught subjects such as history, mathematics, geography, fencing, dancing and drawing.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

The French language he learned so thoroughly that he was able to speak it as well as his native tongue.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

At the age of 16, Goethe began studies in legal science at the University of Leipzig.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

The young Goethe, however, focused on literature and fun rather than juridism.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

In 1768, Goethe was forced by illness to return to his parents' home.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Susanna von Klettenberg (1776—74) introduced Goethe to Pietism, which influenced his production.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

After sick leave, Goethe continued to study law in Strasbourg.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Johann Gottfried von Herder introduced Goethe to Homer, William Shakespeare, James Macpherson's Ossian songs, and Gothic style.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

[3] After graduating as a licentiate in law in 1771, Goethe served for a time as a lawyer in Frankfurt.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Around the same time, he began to gain fame as a writer.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

In 1774, a book novel appeared on the sufferings of Young Werther, which quickly became a major success in every part of Europe.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Werther, the novel's protagonist, is driven to suicide by unrequited love, and this story impressed readers so strongly that an outright epidemic of suicide spread among the youth.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

This novel by Goethe has been regarded as a very marked work for the “Sturm und Drang” period of German-language literary history from 1767 to 1785.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Duke Karl August (1757—1828) of Weimar was impressed by Goethe's literary abilities and offered him in 1775 a job in his duchy.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Weimar became Goethe's hometown for the rest of his life.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

He became a multi-disciplinary politician, responsible for the duties of Minister of Foreign Affairs, Education, Access and Monetary Affairs, among other things.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

In addition, he served as Minister of War in cooperation with the Duke.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Along with all this, he continued his work as a writer.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Time was also enough for scientific pursuits, among them botany and geology.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

A theatre was also established in Weimar, where Goethe worked as screenwriter, director, set designer and actor.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Thanks to him, understated Weimar developed into a European cultural centre, attracting some of the most talented artists of his time.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

The most famous of these artists who moved to Weimar after Goethe was the writer Friedrich Schiller.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

In 1786, Goethe felt the need for a change of scenery.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

He left for Italy and spent the next two years there, exploring with tireless zeal the local culture.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Later, based on diary entries he made on the trip, he wrote an extensive travelogue.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Goethe stated as an elderly man that time spent in Italy was the happiest time of his life.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Themes related to antiquity and humanism were strongly raised in his productions during this period.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

After a trip to Italy, Goethe's administrative workload was lightened so that he could even better concentrate on the writer's work.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Although he was a very diligent writer, it could take decades for works to be completed, as he tended to work on many works simultaneously.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Faust employed him for up to 60 years.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Goethe had a tendency to fall in love often and passionately, but it was not until the age of 57 that he ended up in marriage, in 1806, to Christiane Vulpius (1765—1816).


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

The couple had been living together since 1788.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

[4] Vulpius was not a particularly intelligent or cultured woman, so there was great wonder among the social circles how a genius such as Goethe could have ended up in such a marriage.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Goethe was not concerned, however, by the level of civility of his wife, for he valued above all Christiane's cheerfulness and energy.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Five children were born from the marriage, of whom lived to adult age only the first born son, August (1789—1830).


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Goethe died at the age of 82 in 1832.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

His last words are reported to have been (More Light!).


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

[5] Goethe's entire production is assembled in a 143-piece Weimar facility.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Some of Goethe's works no longer have historical significance, but his central poems have retained their freshness.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

[6] [7] Works (selection) Plays Götz von Berlichingen, Iron Hand (Götz von Berlichingen mit der eisernen Hand, 1773) Ifigeneia in Taurii (Iphigenie auf Tauri, 1787) Egmont (1788) Torquato Tasso (1790) Prose The sufferings of the young Werther (Die Leiden des Leiden des Leiden des Jungen Werther, 1774) A fable of the serpent and the lily (Das Märchen, 1795) Wilhelm Meister's apprentice years (Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre, 1795—96) Electoral tribesmen.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

(Die Wahlverwandschaften, 1809.)


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Italian travel with diaries (Italienische Reise, 1816—17, Finnish menus) Wilhelm Meister's years of hiking.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

(Wilhelm Meisters Wanderjahre, 1821) The fable and true of my life (Aus meinem Leben.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Dichtung und Wahrheit, 1811—33) Poetry “Prometheus” (1773) “The King of the Fairy Lands” (Der Erlkönig, 1782) Roman elegies (Römische Elegien, 1788—1790, published 1914) “The Witch's Apprentice” (Der Zauberlehrling, 1797) Hermann and Dorothea (Hermann und Dorothea, 1798) Faust ( 1808) Faust 2 (1832) Selected works Selected works.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

both parts, Faust: J. W. v. Goethe; Finnish. Otto Mannine.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Otava, 1965.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

(Series: Masterpieces of World Literature; II,8) Selected works.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

2,, J. W. v. Goethe; Poems, Finnish. Otto Mannine.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

The sufferings of young Werther; Finnish. Volter Shield.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Iphigeneia in Tauri; Finnish. Eino Leino; translation reviewed by Otto Manninen.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Torquato Tasso; Finnish. J. Siljo; translation reviewed by Otto Manninen.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Otava, 1965.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

(Series: Masterpieces of World Literature; II,9) Selected works.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

3, Fable and True, J. W. v. Goethe; Finnish. J. A. Hollo.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Otava, 1965.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

(Series: Masterpieces of World Literature; II,10) Pictures by Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Tischbein, Goethe in Campagna, 1787.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Adolph Müller, Friedrich Schiller, J. W. Goethe, Wilhelm and Alexander von Humboldt in Jena, circa 1797.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Louise Seidler, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, in 1811.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Joseph Karl Stieler, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, 1828.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Sources Kallio, Sinikka: Introduction.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

In the book Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von| title = Italian travel with journal| location = Helsinki| publisher = Art| year = 1992| id = ISBN 951-608-005-7}} References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Koponen, Anneli| title = Goethe lyric translations 1832—1991| location = Joensuu| publisher = University of Joensuu| year = 1993| version = Appendix to the author's licentiate work: Anna's song to Villiruusuu: Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's lyric translations 1832—1991| id = ISBN 951-701 8-155-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Koskenniemi, V. A.| title = Young Goethe.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Life and poetry | location = Porvoo| publisher = WSOY| year = 1932}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Koskenniemi, V. A.| title = Goethe.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Noon and life| location = Porvoo| publisher = WSOY| year = 1944}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Koskenniemi, V. A.| title = Goethe and his world| location = Porvoo| publisher = WSOY| year = 1948| version = This work contains the author in the past works published by “Young Goethe” and “Goethe.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Noon and Life Night”}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ludwig, Emil| title= Goethe.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

1—2| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 1927| version=( Goethe.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Geschichte eines menschen, 1920.)


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Translated by J. Hollo}} On the topic elsewhere Free to download Johann Wolfgang von Goethe e-books and the Gutenberg Project: text, concordances and frequency lists.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

University of Jyväskylä, literature.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Teivas Oksala:.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

In science, 1/2000 happens.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Arno Forsius:.


Question: When did James Macpherson die?

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Category:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Class:Those born in 1749 Class:Those who died in 1832 Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What was the largest party in Finland 2018?

List of parties in Finland

This is a list of parties that have made an impact in Finnish politics.


Question: What was the largest party in Finland 2018?

List of parties in Finland

Since 1969, the Ministry of Justice has maintained a party register in which an association entered has the right to place lists of candidates in municipal, parliamentary and European elections.


Question: What was the largest party in Finland 2018?

List of parties in Finland

A party is defined in accordance with existing party law as a registered association entered on the party register if it meets the minimum requirements required by law.


Question: What was the largest party in Finland 2018?

List of parties in Finland

[1] Current registered parties The largest party in Parliament after the parliamentary elections 2015 is the Centre for Finland, which relies on the political centre.


Question: What was the largest party in Finland 2018?

List of parties in Finland

Source [3] Parties in Åland The largest party in Åland in the provincial days is the centre of Åland.


Question: What was the largest party in Finland 2018?

List of parties in Finland

All parties in order of establishment Parties membership Annual Party Central.


Question: What was the largest party in Finland 2018?

List of parties in Finland

(aik.


Question: What was the largest party in Finland 2018?

List of parties in Finland

ML and SML/EPNM) SDP (aik.


Question: What was the largest party in Finland 2018?

List of parties in Finland

STP) KOK.RKPKD (aic.


Question: What was the largest party in Finland 2018?

List of parties in Finland

SKL) VAS.SKPgreenTPS (Old) SKP conductor.


Question: What was the largest party in Finland 2018?

List of parties in Finland

SKDLSMP (aik.


Question: What was the largest party in Finland 2018?

List of parties in Finland

SPP) 2017106000 [6] 110000 [7] 39600 [6] 40000 [7] 34000 [6] 33000 [7] 30000 [6] 9300 [6] 11000 [6] 10000 [7] 2500 [8] 8600 [6] 7500 [7] 10500 [6] 9500 [7] 2016112000 [9] [10] 41000 [9]] 40000 [10] 34000 [9] [10] 19000 [10] 8000 [10] 10000 [10] 2500 [11] 8000 [10] 9500 [9] [10] 2015119500 [12] 42000 [12] 2500 [13] 6345 [12] 10000 [12] 2013151600 [14] 150000 [15] 45800 [14] 46100 [15] 40000 [14] [15] 30800 [14] 26482 [15] 10700 [14] [15] 10800 [14] 10733 [15] 2500 [16] 8000 [14] 8034 [15] 8600 [14] 8000 [15] 2011163000 [17]] 50000 [17] [14] 41000 [17] [14] 28000 [17] [14] 13000 [17] [14] 9100 [17] [14] 2500—3000 [18] 4600 [17] [14] 5000 [17] [14] 2008176000 [14 ] 51000 [14] 40000 [14] 32000 [14] 12000 [14] 9600 [14] 3100 [14] 2700 [14] 2007180000 [19] 53000 [19] 50000 [19] 9500 [19] 3000 [20] 2500 [19] 2004206000 [14] 57000 [14] 39000 [14] 32000 [14] 13000 [14] 11000 [14] 4000 [21] 2000 [14] 2000 [14] 2000216506 [22] 61089 [22] 40000 [22] 29444 [22] 14000 [22] 12108 [22] 5000 [23] 1480 [22] 1995257000 [14] 70000 [14] 47000 [14] 37000 [14] 16000 [14] 16000 [14] 1000 [14] 1990204000 [24] 276859 [22] 79000 [24] 81896 [22] 64000 [24] 68091 [22] 42042 [22] 16770 [22] 34000 [22] 875 [22] 1989286000 [25] 85000 [25] 70000 000 [25] 33000 [25] 1980305000 [14] 100000 [14] 77000 [14] 42000 [14] 20000 [14] 45000 [14] 51139 (SKP) [26] 20000 [14] 1979306000 [25] 99000 [ 25] 72000 [25] 55000 [25] 49248 (SKP) [26] 1970288093 [22] [14] 60707 [22] [14] 81116 [22] [14] 49197 [22] [14] 3376 [22] [14] 51529 [22] [14] 47094 (SKP) [26] 27000 [22]] 1962270000 [25] 44000 [25] 86000 [25] 61000 [25] 1960253339 [22] [27] 42926 [22] [27] 78270 [22] [27] 50593 [22] [27] 59000 [27] 61000 [22] 9000 [22] 1951169000 [25] 71000 [25] 81000 [25] 63000 [25] 1950170000 [27] 143096 [22] 67268 [22] [27] 72000 [27] 72500 [22] 35000 [22] [27] 58417 [27] 52000 [22] 194529509 [22] 63745 [22] 60000 [22] 35000 [22] 54041 22] 23778 (SKP) [28] 193836953 [29] 37144 [29] 193225464 [29] 2180 (SKP) [30] 19229645 [29] 31806 [29] 24398 (SSTP) [31] Parties there have been a lot of statistical studies of parties (and candidates) comparing them, for example, along the traditional left-right axis or, for example, the liberalism-conservatism axis.


Question: What was the largest party in Finland 2018?

List of parties in Finland

One means of comparison has been to examine the data entered into election machines.


Question: What was the largest party in Finland 2018?

List of parties in Finland

[32] [33] [34] [35] [36] See also List of parliamentary groups Party support in Finland List of Finnish political women's organisations List of Finnish political youth organisations List of Finnish political youth organisations List of main voices of Finnish parties Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Borg, Sami (ed.


Question: What was the largest party in Finland 2018?

List of parties in Finland

) | title = Parties in the 1990s: Perspectives on Finnish party activities| location = Turku| publisher = University of Turku | year = 1997| version = Political Studies No 53| id = ISBN 951-29-1037-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Mickelsson, Rauli| title = Finnish Parties: History, Change and Modern| location = Tampere| publisher = Equipoino| year = 2007| id = ISBN 978-951-768-217-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Mickelsson, Rauli| title = Finnish parties: Freedom from time to world again| location = Tampere| publisher = Equipoise | year = 2015| id = ISBN 978-951-768-531-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Niskanen, Paavo| title = Parties in the Parliament of Finland from 1960s to 1990| location = Tampere| publisher = Tampere University Press| year = 2008| version = Dissertation, University of Tampere.


Question: What was the largest party in Finland 2018?

List of parties in Finland

Acta Universitatis Tamperensis 1366| id = ISBN 978-951-44-7516-0| format = [online version] (PDF)}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Paloheimo, Heikki & Raunio, Tapio (ed.


Question: What was the largest party in Finland 2018?

List of parties in Finland

) | title = Finnish parties and party system| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY Study Materials| year = 2008| id = ISBN 978-951-0-33188-0}} On topic elsewhere in Vaalit.fi.


Question: What was the largest party in Finland 2018?

List of parties in Finland

Ministry of Justice Finlex Parties Party of Finland


Question: Who won the Nobel physics prize in 1987?

List of Nobel Physics Prize laureates

This is a list of Nobel Prize laureates in Physics.


Question: Who won the Nobel physics prize in 1987?

List of Nobel Physics Prize laureates

List of recipients of the award 1900s — 1910s — 1920s — 1930s — 1940s — 1950s — 1960s — 1970s — 1980s — 1990s — 2000s — 2010s 1910s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s Sources Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Category:Nobel laureates Category:Physics Awards


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

Superpesis is the highest league level in Finnish pesäpallo.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

Fourteen teams play in the series and the series operates under the guidance of the Finnish Pesäpallfederation (PPL).


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

Superpesis was founded in 1989.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

Prior to the establishment of the series, the highest league level was referred to as Pesäpallo SM-sarja.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

There have been 30 different baseball clubs playing in Super Pesis since its inception.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

Of these, 8 have won the championship: Sotkamon Jymy (17), Kiteen Pallo -90 (3), Vimpelin Veto (3), Oulun Lippo (2), Imatran Pallo-Veikot (1), Hyvinkää Tahko (1), Pattijoen Athletes (1) and Joensuun Maila (1).


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

In addition to Superpesis, teams participate in the Halli-SM competitions in Pesäpallo during the winter training season. The lower league levels from Superpesis are Ykköspesis, Suomensarja and Provinisarja played by region.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

History Suursarja: First series format In 1931, the championship was first played in a series format.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

The series was named the Great Series and later the B series known as the Realm Series was established below it.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

The first season series operated under the auspices of SVULL, but the Baseball Federation was formed in the fall of 1931.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

In the first season, seven teams qualified for the series after qualifying, eight in 1932—1933, and twelve already in 1934.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

The series was divided in 1932 into two blocks, the so-called East and West series, and that group division was also the division basis for the East—West match.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

The winners of the blocks decided the championship in a two-leg final, once on each's home ground.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

Sometimes a final solution had to be claimed in the third match, which was fought on neutral ground.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

In 1940, the block division was abandoned and team numbers were reduced.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

Only clubs from PPL participated in the Grand Series.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

The TUL clubs had no business doing so and settled their own championships in their respective series.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

War series to patch major series in wartime In 1941, the Great Series was interrupted after a few rounds, and completely normal serial activities could not be organized throughout the war.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

However, the so-called War Kits were played between 1942 and 1943.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

The 1944 series was already caught in the opening at the feet of the major attack and was interrupted by quick sides.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

Wartime brought an interesting name to the list of champions when the Finnish Finnish championship in 1942 was won by the Finnish Aircraft Factory from Tampere.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

The 1943 War Series was played by the Workers' Caddies, which was the first club from TUL in the Baseball Federation kits.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

Championship Series: Years from wartime to the 1990s, the championship series launched after the war was welcomed to the full extent of TUL clubs.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

The Pesäpallo Cooperation Committee was formed as the organising body of the series.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

The PPL and the TUL were each pruned to a joint championship series until the joint activities gradually extended to the lower league levels.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

However, co-operation ceased in the mid-1950s and TUL clubs pulled out of the sets.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

From then on, the SM-sarja was the sole responsibility of Pesäpalloliitto, until the reins passed to Superpesis Oy.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

The championship series was initially played as a simple 13-team series.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

In 1956, the series was expanded to 15 teamwide and from 1964 the series became double and the number of teams stabilized at 12.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

Separate final series were first played in 1979, both for medals and for surviving in the series.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

The final between the top two was introduced in 1986, previously having only been renewed between those on tie points.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

Starting in 1987, for the final, the Easters were decided by playoffs.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

Superpesis was founded in 1989, when it replaced the SM-sarja, played since 1931, as the highest baseball series in Finland.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

During Superpesis, the Finnish championship has been won most frequently by Jymy of Sotkamo, who has achieved 15 of his 14 championships under the name of Superpesis.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

Structure of the season Exercise season In Superpesiksen, the training season starts after the end of the previous season, and during that time there will be no play for the Finnish championship in baseball.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

The training season begins in September—October and lasts until April—May until the official next season of Superpesis begins.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

Practice matches are played in the training season according to the teams' own decision, as well as the Finnish championship of Hallipesis.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

Hallipes played in both the men's and women's Superpesis in February—March.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

In Hallipesis, teams are divided into four blocks, each holding its own initial tournament.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

All matches are played in 3+3 innings.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

If necessary, a withdrawal contest will be played.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

Teams' standings within blocks are determined by matches won on tie points, three-point wins and the ratio of runs difference.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

The group winners, as well as the top two second-placed, will survive into the final tournament.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

[1] On the first day of the final tournament, each team plays two matches and a placement match is determined by the results of their matches.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

The 1st and 2nd of the first day of the final tournament will play in the final, 3rd and 4th in the bronze match, and 5th and 6th.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

in a placement match.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

[2] The regular season Men's Superpesis regular season was played in the 2017 season between 14 teams as a double starter.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

After that, the top seven teams continue in the upper and the seven weakest teams in the lower continuation series.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

In both sequel series, a simple series is played and the final results of both series are also counted.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

[3] Playoffs The top eight teams from the regular season qualify for the playoffs, seven from the upper postseason and the best team from the lower postseason.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

The teams will face each other first in the quarterfinals.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

The winners of the quarterfinals in the semi-finals, the winners of which qualify for the final, where the Finnish championship is decided.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

The quarterfinals, semi-finals and finals are played using the best-of-five method, meaning the extension can be reached with three wins.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

Bronze matches are played using a best-of-three method, meaning the winner is determined with two wins.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

[3] Relegation and elimination in the 2017 season of Superpesis in the regular season of teams finishing 9-11 in the regular season.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

On the other hand, teams in positions 12 to 13 will be relegated against teams from Ykköspesis and the 14th-ranked team will be relegated directly to Ykköspesis.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

In turn, the winner of the number one special will go straight to Superpesis next season.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

The 12th-ranked team from Superpesis plays the 3rd ranked team in the qualifier Ykköspesis and the 13th team from Superpesis plays against the second best team in the Ykköspesis.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

Qualifying sets are played using a best-of-five system.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

[3] East—West match East—West match, or traditional constellation match between East and West clubs, is played during the middle stages of the regular season in July.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

The East—West match is played by teams assembled from the best players from the East and West clubs.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

The East—West match has its origins in 1932, when the Great Series was split into the East and West Block.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

As a result, an East—West match between the blocks began to be played as well, which was first played in 1932 in Hesperia, Helsinki.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

The federation—press match federation—press match was one of baseball's value matches in its time.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

Efforts have been made to resurrect it after dozens of years.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

Superpesis Oy is managed by Superpesis Oy, which operates under the Finnish Pesäpalloliitto ry.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

Superpesis Oy is responsible for the operation of the main series and the Baseball Association for the lower kits.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

The Superpesis office is located together with the Pesäpallliito at SLU's premises in Helsinki.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

Jussi Pyyalo is Managing Director of Superpesis and Mika Helminen as Competition Manager.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

[4] Staff Jussi Pyyalo, Managing Director Mika Helminen, Competition Manager Sanna Regwan, Liaison Assistant Board Heikki Takamäki, Chairman Päivi Pessi-Järvenpää, Vice Chairman, Jyrki Hyttinen Arto Ojaniemi Petri Pitkäranta Ari Rasalainen Superpesis media Emblems theme music Superpesis theme song has been composed by Esa Rimpiläinen.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

[5] Logos The logo of Superpesis between 1990 and 2013.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

“Genuine National Game”.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

Supernest logo 2014—.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

“All In The Game!” -logo 2014—.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

Judges All Superpesis Judge in Article: List of Superpesis judges The main and feeder judges of Supernest can serve as all A-level judges.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

There are 28 A-level judges in Finland.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

In super baseball, games always have five referees: Game umpire, Pitch umpire, 2-base umpire, 3-base umpire, and back limit umpire.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

The most referees refereeing Superpesis matches are 300 games over a 15—19 season.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

There are four judges who have broken 300 matches: Matti Lähteenmäki (354, 15 seasons) and Jouni Ojala (314, 18 seasons) and their active careers are still in progress, as well as Veli-Matti Kallionpää (345, 19) and Tero Hallila (340, 17) who have already finished.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

The players' selection as the best judge of 2009 was Rami Rintamäki and Juha Asunmaa was chosen as the judge of the year.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

Economy Clubs budgets Super-wash clubs budgets.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

[6] [7] Teams in the 2019 season Former teams Mansen Pesäpallo Relegated 1991 Vaasan Maila Relegated 1992 Muhoksen Pallo-Salamat Relegated 1994 RPL Riihimäki Relegated 1995 Haapajärvi Pesä-Wedges Relegated 1998 Juvan Ball Dropped 1998 Kaisaniemi Tigers Drifted bankrupt 1998 Loimaa Palloilijat Fell 2001 Kinnarin Pesis (late.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

Järvenpää Pesis) Dropped in 2004 Seinäjoki Maila-Jussit Gave up the league position 2008 and merged into JymyJusse Puijon Pesis Relegated 2009 Ulvila's Pesä-Veikot Released 2010 Nurmon Jymy Handed over the league position to Jymy-Jussei 2012 Jyväskylä Kiri Fell 2016 Haminan Pallojat Fell 2018 Oulun Lippo Dropped 2018 Statistics and Lists Audience Averages for Men's Superpesis [8] Lower playoffs and qualifying series have not been taken into account.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

¹ 1994 playoffs 4 teams.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

² 2004—08 playoffs the top 4 of the continuation series.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

Continuation series noted in co-average.


Question: How many teams play in baseball's major league?

Superpesis

Masters Main article: List of Finnish Baseball Championship medalists by season 1990: Sotkamon Jymy 1991: Imatran Pallo-Veikot 1992: Sotkamon Jymy 1993: Sotkamon Jymy 1994: Oulun Lippo 1995: Sotkamon Jymy 1996: Sotkamon Jymy 1997: Sotkamon Jymy 1998: Oulun Lippo 1999: Kiteen Ball -90 2000: Kiteen Ball -90 2001: Sotkamon Jymy 2002: Sotkamon Jymy 2003: Sotkamon Jymy 2004: Sotkamon Jymy 2005: Kiteen Pallo -90 2006: Sotkamon Jymy 2007: Hyvinkää Tahko 2008: Pattijoen Athletes 2009: Sotkamon Jymy 2010: Vimpelin Bet 2011: Sotkamon Jymy 2012: Sotkamon Jymy 2013: Sotkamon Jymy 2014: Sotkamon Jymy 2015: Sotkamon Jymy 2016: Vimpel's Bet 2017: Vimpel's Bet 2018: Joensuu Racket Team 17: Sotkamon Jymy 3: Kiteen Ball -90, Vimpelin Bet 2: Oulun Lippo 1: Imatran Pallo-Veikot, Hyvinkää Tahko, Pattijoen Athletes, Joensuu Racket Beatskings Main article: Pesäpallo's batsman king [9] Etenijäkings Main article: Pesäpallo's Ethnijäking [10] Top batting kings Main article: Pesäpallo [11] Awards Ethenijäking Golden Merit Badge Player of the Month Player of the Month Hitter King Joker of the Year Locker of the Year Game Manager of the Year Baseball Player of the Year See also Women's Superpesis Pesäpallo List of Finnish Baseball Championship of the winning teams Pesäpallo Halli-SM Youth Superpesis Ykköspesis Suomensarja Provincisarja Pesäpallo Finnish Cup Pesäpallo World Cup List of Pesäpallo Finnish Championship medalists Pesäpallo Gallery of Honor Sources On the topic elsewhere Category:Superpesis Category:Finnish baseball kits


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The state of Nepal came into existence in the mid-18th century when the Gurkha king Prithvi Narayan Shah took over the kingdoms of the Malla rulers and established the Kingdom of Nepal.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The Shah dynasty expanded its empire east and west from the Kathmandu Valley until finally the British who ruled India halted the expansion of Nepal following the battles of 1814-1916.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

In this case, the borders that Nepal currently has were formed.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[1] After internal power struggles, power was seized in the country in 1846 by Jung Bahadur Rana, founded by whom the Rana dynasty ruled the country for a hundred years.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

During the dictatorship of Ranos, the king of Nepal was merely the country's public figurehead, with the hereditary prime minister holding real power.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The Rana dictatorship was overthrown in 1951 and, after a brief experiment with democracy, the country returned to the monarchy.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[1] [2] In the 1990s, the country began to call for democracy more and more vociferously.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The country was mired in a civil war that lasted ten years.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The country's last king, Gyanendra, was ousted from power in 2008 and a federation was formed from the Kingdom of Nepal.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

At the same time, the Shah dynasty that ruled Nepal for more than 250 years came to its conclusion.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[1] [3] Early stages Prehistory Ancient tools found in the Kathmandu Valley say the area was inhabited since ancient times, but research on early history is progressing slowly.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Written entries exist in Indian sources only from the first millennium before the beginning of the period.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

According to the Indian epic Mahabharata, the area was inhabited at the time by Kirātas, whose descendants still live in the eastern part of Nepal.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Other legends from prehistory state that the Kiratas were the dominant population component of the region, with domination over the Abhira tribe who made a living from cattle husbandry.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

These sources are consistent in that the indigenous people of the country were probably of ethnically Tibetan-Burmese origin and lived in the area of present-day Nepal 2500 years ago.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The population lived in politically unorganized small settlements.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[4] The first administrative structures Significant political changes occurred after the Aryans spread across northwestern India during the years 2000 BCE.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

and 1500 BC.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

between.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Their culture had spread throughout the North Indian region by the first millennium BCE.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

period.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The Aryans formed many kingdoms that were constantly in a state of war.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

In the 5th century BCE.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Cosmopolitan societies began to grow around the trading posts, connected to South Asia via trade routes.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

In the periphery of the Indo-Ganges plateau, the Tarai region, the smallest kingdoms, confederations or tribes grew, as they gained their share of trading opportunities and faced the threat from larger kingdoms.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Probably during this period, the Khasi peoples who spoke Indo-Aryan languages expanded their living sphere to the territory of present-day western Nepal.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[4] One of the first statesmanlike societies in the Tarai region was the Shakya tribe, whose capital was apparently Kapilavastu, near the present-day Nepal-India border.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The most famous member of the clan is Siddhartha Gautama, a prince who abandoned the lavish lifestyle and set out to seek the meaning of existence.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

He was later known as the Buddha and the founder of Buddhism.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[4] The Maurya Empire was the most powerful of the kingdoms of ancient India, both politically and militarily.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

It was at its most extensive during King Ashoka's reign from 268 to 231 BCE.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

whereby its influence covered almost all of present-day India and extended in the west as far as the territory of present-day Afghanistan.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

There is no evidence as to whether its power extended to the territory of present-day Nepal, but in any case the existence of the Maurya Empire influenced the history of Nepal.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Ašoka embraced Buddhism and in his time it is believed to have spread to the Kathmandu Valley and throughout the Nepal region.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

From the days of the Maurya Empire, there is also a system of government in which the king was the rightful focal point of the political system.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[4] With the decay of Maurya rule in the second century BCE.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

northern India broke up into several small administrative centers.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

However, trade relations with the rest of Asia and towards Europe remained, but the territory of present-day Nepal was apparently far removed from this commercial network.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The Gupta kingdom united northern India under yet another administration in the 3rd century Jaa.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Samudragupta, the greatest conqueror of the Gupta dynasty, who ruled from about 353 to 373, claimed that the Nepalese lord paid taxes to the Gupta kingdom.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

However, it is not known who this lord would have been, and what territory he would have ruled if he really was a vassal of the Gupts.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

However, during the Gupta period, the language and culture of Nepal was influenced by North Indian culture.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[4] The Licchavi dynasty in the 4th-century region of Nepal was influenced by the Licchavi rulers who began to record information about the country's politics, society and economy.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The Licchavs were the dominant genus, also known in early Buddha period Indian legends.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The Licchavs were a dynasty holding their base in the Kathmandu Valley, and they presided over the growth of the first Nepalese state.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Also, the founder of the southern neighboring Gupta dynasty was married to a Licchavi princess.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[5] The earliest mentions of Licchavi date back to 464 and mention three preceding rulers, suggesting that the Licchavi dynasty began in the late 3rd century.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Viimene's Licchavi inscription dates to 737.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The inscriptions are in Sanskrit, which was the language used in northern India.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Licchavie power was strongly Indian-influenced politically and culturally.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The king had absolute power, but he interfered little in the social life of his subjects.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The livelihood the people made from farming, they grew rice and other grains that were produced for the needs of the royal, or other prominent lineages or monks.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The area was divided administratively into village communities, which were grouped into larger units.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The kingdom was geographically limited to the Kathmandu Valley and a few neighbouring valleys.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

No government buildings or palaces of the Licchavi period have survived until our days.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

One of the most significant legacies of the Licchavie period is the spread of Buddhism into Tibet and Central Asia with the participation of traders and missionaries.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[5] Early Middle Ages The era following the decline of the Licchavi dynasty is the least known period in Nepalese history.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

There are only a few engraved sources from this period that supplement the dates of religious writings.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Arguably, the Kathmandu Valley and adjacent valleys remained a single political unit, although there were infighting between prominent clans in the area.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Recordings of donations by religious organizations are dated to the year 879, suggesting the establishment of a new dynasty.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The surviving documents have shown the transition from Sanskrit to Newari.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[6] The greatest power over Nepal still came from the south, from the Mithila district located in the territory of the present-day Indian state of Bihar.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Coming from the territory of the present-day Indian state of Karnataka, the warlords of the Chalukya dynasty took control of Mithila.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

One of their warlords established a capital in the Terai region in 1097, from where incursions into Nepal were launched which allowed the Chalukya dynasty to claim control over Nepal.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

However, this has not had a noticeable impact on Nepal's history.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

In the late 12th century, the king of Nepal was referred to as Somesvaradeva, which was the name of the Chalukya kings, which would suggest political affiliation with Indian rulers.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Before the end of his term, there is evidence of political chaos and a battle for the throne.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[6] This period also saw profound changes in the country's religious system.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Within the Buddhist community, the role of monks and monasteries changed slowly but radically.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Early Buddhism had been based on the celibacy and meditation of monks and nuns who had retreated from the world to their own habitats.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

As the more ritual Vajrayana Buddhism expanded, differences of view grew between the teachers of the trend and ordinary bhikkhu monks.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

This led to higher education teachers taking over the monasteries and managing the monastery's funds.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Monasteries became social and economic centers, serving as workshops and apartments, as well as shrines.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

These roles are still the same.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[6] Medieval Kingdoms Malla Period In the early 12th century, prominent rulers of Nepal began to use the self-designation malla, which meant a strong person.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

During the Malla dynasty, the importance of the Kathmandu Valley as the politic, cultural and economic centre of Nepal was consolidated.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The time was not politically stable; there were significant upheavals in and around Nepal.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

In the 13th century Muslims of Turkic ancestry established the Delhi Sultanate south of Nepal and in the 14th century they expanded their power in the north of India.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

During this period, the Indian kingdoms went to war against Delhi before finally being defeated under Delhi's rule.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

This also led to upheaval in Nepal and surrounding areas.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

In present-day western Nepal, in the Jumla Valley, a separate Malla dynasty emerged, not to be confused with the ruling dynasty in Kathmandu.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

These kings of the Khasa-Malla dynasty extended their power to the western parts of Tibet and made raiding expeditions into the Kathmandu Valley controlled by the Malla dynasty in 1275-1335.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

However, the worst devastation the Kathmandu Valley experienced in 1345-1346 when forces of Shamsuddin Ilyas Shah, ruler of the Bengal Sultanate, invaded Kathmandu, plundered it and destroyed all the relics.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

None of the buildings present in Kathmandu have existed prior to the Bengali raiding.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[7] During the early mala period, many cities grew, which later became Kathmandu, Patan and Bhaktapur.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

In the 14th century, Jayasthitima, who ruled from Patan, emerged as a prominent king.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

By the end of the century, the whole valley and its immediate surroundings were under his rule; however, the power was not absolute, as the region was influenced by the Chinese Ming Dynasty influence.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

However, Jayasthitimilla is regarded in religious dharma-based textbooks as the compiler of the first Nepali law.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[7] After Jayasthitialla died, his sons shared power and ruled collegiately until his last surviving son, Jayajyotirma, ruled on his own from 1408-1428.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Subsequently, his son Yakshama, who ruled until about 1482, rose to power.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

During his time, the Nepalese invaded the plains of the south, which was very extraordinary in the history of the country.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

During his time, the power of the Malla dynasty was at its widest extent, although the outer regions of the kingdom operated semi-independently, they nevertheless recognized the leadership of the king.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[7] Three Kingdoms after Yakshaalla, the kingdom split in 1482.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

His six sons first attempted to govern the kingdom collegiately, as their grandfathers had previously done.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Of the sons, Ratnama was the first to rebel against this co-rule, seizing power for himself in Kathmandu in 1484.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

He ruled there on his own until his death until 1520.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The eldest of the brothers, Rayalla ruled Bhaktapur with his other brothers until his death, after which power passed to his descendants.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Patan remained remote and was ruled by the local nobility until Sivasimhama, Ratnaalla's heir, seized control of the region in 1597.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

After his death, Kathmandu and Patan were distributed to govern to different sons, and the kingdom was divided again.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The centre of Nepal was thus divided into three rival kingdoms with bases roughly Kathmandu, Patan and Bhaktapur.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[8] The influence of the three small kingdoms beyond the valley varied over time.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Kathmandu extended its power to the north and southwest, Patan to the south and Bhaktapur to the east as far as the Dudh Kosi River.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The kingdoms were on quite convoluted terms with each other.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Although they were closely related to each other and occasionally entered into mixed marriages, their wads for minimal territorial victories or ritual enticements, repeatedly led to warfare.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[8] The Three Kingdoms, or the later Malla Period, lasted until the middle of the 1700s.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

During this period, the unique culture of the Kathmandu Valley flourished and the old palace buildings in all three cities took most of their present form.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Buddhism was the dominant religion and kings served as protectors of the dharma.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Newari was the dominant language of the region.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[8] Following the overthrow of the Delhi Sultanate, which was located south of Nepal, the Mogul Kingdom began to rule India from the 16th century onwards.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Moguls never ruled Nepal, but their kingdom indirectly influenced Nepalese life.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

As mogul rule expanded, many North Indian princes found refuge in the northern hills.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Many small principalities in western Nepal were founded by warriors who fled the Moguls, with them spreading the Khas language and culture.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

They also came with them the military technology of the Moguls, including firearms and cannons, as well as administrative practices based on granted land tenure rights in exchange for military service.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The influence of mogul power can also be seen in the use of Persian language terminology for administrative actions.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[8] China's Qing dynasty increased its power in Tibet in the 1720s.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

A Qing dynasty military expedition conquered Lhasa and subjugated the Dalai Lama under his control.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Representatives of the Three Kingdoms of Nepal brought a salute to the Chinese emperor, after which the Qing dynasty considered Nepal to be a remote part of their empire.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

This notion has never been shared in Nepal.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The expansion of the large kingdoms in the south and north of Nepal made the traditional centre of Nepal remarkably weak.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The three kingdoms lived isolated and independent, as well as occasionally quarrelsome lives in a valley isolated by mountains.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

At the same time, the kingdoms around them became larger and more centralized.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[8] To the south and west of the Three Queens were located small principalities ruled by military dynasties.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The south was ruled by a dynasty of Rajputs.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

In the west, a lax federation called Chaubis was in power around the Gandaki River, which included the Palpa and Makwanpur districts.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Even further west, around the Karnali River, there was a separate confederation called Bais.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

There were repeated conflicts between the smaller states, which also involved the three kingdoms of the Kathmandu Valley.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Small states spent their resources on an almost anarchist struggle for survival.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

There was some awareness of the distinct culture of the Himalayan region, but they did not have any real concept of Nepal as a nation.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[8] In the late malt period, the country was also visited by the first Europeans.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Portuguese missionaries Johannes Cabral and Stephen Cacella visited Lhasa in 1628, after which Cabral travelled to Nepal.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

What was significant for Nepal, however, was that in the 18th century British power grew in India, especially in Bengal, which was located southeast of Nepal.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

By 1764, the British East India Trade Company controlled Bengal in what was then one of Asia's most prosperous regions.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The Trade Company explored the possibilities of expanding its trade and its own quorum into Nepal, Bhutan and Tibet.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Nepal was particularly weakened by the fact that the British might use mutually disputed kingdoms of Nepal against each other, thus allowing the growth of British power in the Himalayan region.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[8] Birth of the Kingdom of Nepal The expansion of Gorkha power Where small kingdoms struggled in the later Malla period with each other in the Kathmandu Valley, that is, the Gorkha Kingdom in western Nepal separate from the events in the Kathmandu Valley.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The Kingdom of Gorkha was founded in 1559 by Dravya Shah, an area inhabited by the Magari people.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Legends have traced the origins of Gorkha to the Rajpuntana region, present-day India, from where warrior princes left in the 15th century.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Gorkha was left out of the two dominant confederations of western Nepal, and there was no expansion of the kingdom until the reign of Rama Shah, who ruled in the 17th century, when the kingdom expanded slightly in every direction.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

In the 17th century and early 18th century, Gorkha continued its slow expansion and it became increasingly embroiled in the disputes of the Three Kingdoms of the Kathmandu Valley by allying with someone.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The Gorkha king Nar Bhupal Shah attempted to expand his territory north of the Kathmandu Valley into Nuwakot District, but failed.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[9] As one of the most prominent figures in Nepalese history, Prithvi Narayan Shah, who ruled the Kingdom of Gorkha from 1743 to 1775, emerged.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

His goal was to unite the entire Kathmandu Valley and create a single state from the region.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Before carrying out the plans, he travelled to Varanasi in search of financial assistance and to purchase weapons, thus also gaining an insight into the position of the British East Indies Trading Company in particular.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

When he returned to Gorkha, he trained his troops to use the more modern weaponry he had managed to obtain from India.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

He also organized coalitions with neighbouring states or took care of their neutrality.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Forces led by Prithvi Narayan Shah initially tried unsuccessfully to subjugate the kingdoms of the valley to their power by besieging the valley.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Also, the British East India Trade Company sent an army of 2400 men to protect the traditionalist kings of the valley, but the British were forced to retreat back to India as the soldiers suffered from malaria, and in the end they only succeeded in delaying the Gorkha forces.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[9] [10] In 1768, Gorkha forces invaded Kathmandu when the people were celebrating a religious celebration and took the city without a fight.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Subsequently, the Gorkhas took over Patan and Bhaktapur, after which the entire Kathmandu valley was under Gorkh rule.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Prithvi Narayan Shah, who was first proclaimed king, expelled all foreigners from the country, including merchants and Roman Catholic missionaries.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[9] However, the conquest of the Three Kingdoms of the Kathmandu Valley was only the beginning of the expansion of Gorkh power in the Himalayan region.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Subsequently, Prithvi Narayan Shah's attention was directed to the Chaubis states in the western part of Nepal, as well as to the east where the Kirata people lived.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The Gorkhas took over eastern parts of Nepal by 1773, after which they also pursued control of Sikkim.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Sikkim was considered to be part of Tibet and thus part of China.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The warning from Tibet about this and the death of Prithvi Narayan Shah in 1775 delayed the invasion of Sikkim.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

In 1779, the Gorkhas began an invasion of the Kingdom of Sikkim.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

However, they met resistance until 1788, when the western parts of Sikkim were conquered and its ruler was forced to go into exile in Tibet.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[9] In the west, the Gorkhas expanded through marriage alliances with the prince of the Palpa region, and consequently they did not intervene after the Gorkh seized the territories of Tanahu, Lamjung and Kaski under their rule.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

By 1790, the Gorkhava stretched as far as the Sharda River in the west.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[9] The struggle for power by Prithvi Narayan Shah was succeeded as king by his son Pratap Singh Shah in 1775.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

His reign fell short, for he died in 1777.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

He left behind a power vacuum, which remained unfilled for decades.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

This greatly weakened the emerging Nepalese state.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Pratap Singh Shah was succeeded as king by his son Rana Bahadur Shah.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

This was a minor on his rise to power, whereby his mother, Queen Rajendralakshmi, acted as regent and true ruler until her death until 1785.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Subsequently, his uncle Bahadur Shah, second son of Prithvi Narayan Shah, served as regent until 1794, after which Rana Bahadur Shah was allowed to exercise his power independently upon coming of age.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

However, his childhood in luxury and amidst the intrigues had rendered him incapable of acting both in his own life and as ruler of the country.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[11] The object of his greatest love was the widow Kantavati of the Maithili-Brahman caste.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[11] [12] [13] He made heir to the throne from their illegitimate son Girvan Yuddha Shah.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Rana Bahadur acted in such an irrational manner that the leading citizens of the country demanded that he give up power.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Rana Bahadur gave up power in favour of his one-and-a-half-year-old son and moved to Varanasi himself.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[11] [14] In place of a minor king, power was exercised from 1799 onwards by Damodar Pande, who was the mukhtiyar, or prime minister of the country.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

He had full power to govern and decide the country's foreign relations.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

His actions set a significant precedent that contributed significantly to the future history of Nepal and the power struggles between the prime minister and the king.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Damodar Pande's main procedure was to protect the young king and keep his unpredictable father in Varanasi, and to field the retired king's wives against each other.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

However, his policies failed in 1804.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The former king returned and took over the place of mukhtiyar.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Damodar Pande was executed and Bhimsen Thapa was named as the principal agent (kaji).


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[11] After the strange events of 1806, Bhimsen Thapa rose to an even more prominent position at the head of the country.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Rana Bahadur Shah, a former king and a mukhtiyar, quarreled in court with his half-brother Sher Bahadur, he took his sword and slain Rana Bahadur before the courtiers could overthrow him.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Bhimsen Thapa took advantage of this opportunity and elevated to Prime Minister, and Queen Tripurasundari became regent.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

They cooperated and 93 of their opponents were taken to death.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

King Girvan Yuddha Shah died at the age of 19 in 1816 and was succeeded as king by his minor son Rajendra Bikram Shah, which meant that the regent's power remained.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[11] [10] Power struggles also had consequences for both the external and internal affairs of the country.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

All sides sought to satisfy the needs of the army and avoided interfering in the actions of the army's senior commanders to allow the army to continue its conquests.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

As long as the Gorkha forces were able to conquer the mountain states in their power, the country's politics were effective enough.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

However, continuous attacks inevitably led to the Nepalese having disastrous confrontations with the Chinese and the British.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Because the power struggle centered on who is able to reign over the king, there was no development in sharing power or appointing officials.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

From 1770, a Consultative General Assembly operated in the country, in which the leaders of important Gorkha lineages were active.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Due to the general state of the kingdom, its composition disintegrated into various factions competing for access to speeches by the prime minister or registrar.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

During this period, a few leading genera rose to the most prominent position.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

As the ruling lineages gained power, members or allies of other lineages were killed, driven into exile, or deposed.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Under the prevailing circumstances, there could hardly be coordinated economic development.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

There was no impact on the state administration of Nepal from other countries.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[11] The Tibetan conflict Gorkha state achieved significant gains as it expanded eastward and westward, but it also sought to expand northwards towards Tibet.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Nepal and Tibet had a disagreement over control of Tibetan mountain areas.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

In the 1780s, Nepal claimed territory from Tibet on the trade route between Lhasa and Kathmandu, which the Tibetans did not agree to.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

As a result, Nepal closed traffic lanes between Kathmandu and Lhasa.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

In 1788, the Nepalese invaded a raiding expedition into Tibet, threatening the Panchen Lama in Shigatse, a step towards war between China and Nepal.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The Nepalese received an annual security payment from Tibet and consequently the local Chinese authorities, but as the treaty was not honored, the Nepalese invaded again in 1791 and looted the Shigatse monk monastery.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

These actions finally prompted the emperor in Beijing to react and send an army to Tibet.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The Nepalese made a trade agreement with the British East Indies Trading Company, hoping that the British would support them, but the British did not want to annoy China, where there were great opportunities for trade.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[15] [16] The Chinese in 1792 easily drove the Nepalese out of Tibet and forced them to retreat near Kathmandu.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The Nepalese were forced to agree to a humiliating deal that took away the trading privileges of the Nepalese in Tibet.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Nepal became subordinated to the Chinese Qing dynasty and was forced to recognize Chinese supremacy in the region.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[15] [16] Expansion of British power Since there was no scope for expansion north into Chinese-controlled Tibet, nor south into British-controlled India, the Gorkhas turned their ambitions westward.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

To the west of Nepal in the territory of the present-day Indian state of Uttarakhand, the Kingdom of Garhwal was located.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Garhwal was mostly a mountainous region, but the rich valley of Dehradun was located there.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Garhwal had previously experienced conquests from Afghans, Punjabi Sikhs and Marathi.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The Nepalese sought to conquer Garhwal as early as the end of the 18th century, but resources were directed towards Tibet and plans for conquest had to be postponed.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

In 1803, Garhwal was destroyed by an earthquake, when the Nepalese, under the leadership of the Gorkha general Amar Singh Thapa, conquered the already destroyed land.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The Nepalese gradually expanded their power ever further west and bought or conquered the popularity of local princes.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Nepalese influence grew all the way to Kangra, the state of present-day Himachal Pradesh, where the Kangra Fort located was the strongest stronghold in the region.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The Nepalese attempted to besiege the fort in 1809, but Ranjit Singh, the ruler of the Sikh state which was located in Punjab, intervened and the Nepalese army was driven to the east of the Sutlej River.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[15] Prior to the beginning of the 19th century Nepal had hardly come into contact with the lands administered by the British East India Trade Company, but with Nepal's aggressive expansionist efforts, confrontation was before long inevitable.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

At the same time as Nepal was trying to expand its influence in Punjab, the British also sought to expand the territory they administered to the same region.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[15] When landowners in the Palpa area and Butwal of areas taken by the Gorkha army complained to the trading company about mistreatment, tensions grew between Nepalese and British.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The British were also annoyed by the fact that Nepal prevented trading in the mountains.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

There was open hostility on both sides.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

When Nepalese troops massacred 18 policemen at Butwal in 1814, the Anglo-Nepalese war between the two countries, or Gorkha War, received its final impetus.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[15] The Gorkha generals were quite convinced of their warfare ability in the mountainous terrain, and the Gorkha army was the only unified force in Nepal in the country's shambled regime.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The Gorkha Army was renowned for their ability to move relatively quickly over mountainous terrain, as well as the fighting skills of difficult conditions and they also knew the conditions of their country better than the British.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The Nepalese had about 16,000 troops that needed to be distributed across a broad front, however, they had the logistical advantages behind them and a vast working population supporting the army.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The first British expeditions of war were unsuccessful, who did not know the conditions in the mountains well enough and the attacks had been poorly organised.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[15] The British returned the following year in 1815 with an army and artillery of 35,000 men.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

An army of merchant company led by David Ochterlony advanced towards Makwanpur.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The British also received support from the king of Sikkim, whose military forces consumed the forces of the Nepalese in the east.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Major battles before Makwanpur in 1816 immensely consumed the resources of the Nepalese.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The Nepalese were ultimately unable to resist against a well-trained and better equipped British army.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The war against the British was ultimately a disaster for the Nepalese.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

In 1816, the Nepalese were forced to accept the Sugauli Peace Treaty, under which the Nepalese lost Sikkim, the areas west of the Sharda River, Garhwal and Kumaon and most of their lands in the Tarai region.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The lands in the Tarai region were soon returned back by the trading company after finding them inconvenient to control.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The Nepalese were also forced to accept a British official in Kathmandu, which was disruptive to the functioning of the country's administration as the British official represented the success of the British conquest of the Indian subcontinent.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

However, this proved manageable, as the Kathmandu governments strictly restricted the movement of the official and those he met were controlled.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The expeditions of conquest of Nepal ended with the Peace of Sagaul concluded with the British and at the same time formed the borders that the Nepalese state has today.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[15] [14] Aristocratic infighting Despite the defeats of the war, Nepal maintained its political unity even though the country had only been unified for a quarter of a century.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The success of the country's central government was partly based on its ability to appoint and supervise regional administrators, who also held high positions in the country's military.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Another reason was that local leaders were kept happy in the conquered territories when they were allowed to continue their control under the lax control of Kathmandu.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The country's Prime Minister Bhimsen Thapa remained in power despite war losses, closely working he worked with Queen Tripurasundari.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Opposition from other leading lineages opposed to him remained in check with the support of the army.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The country's minor king, Rajendra Bikram Shah, was kept in isolation and did not even have the freedom to leave his palace without permission.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

To notable virkohs Bhimsen Thapa appointed his own relatives, his brother Ranbir Singh Thapa controlled the western regions of the country and his nephew Mathbar Sing Thapa controlled the eastern ones.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Representatives of other prominent genera were kept out of power.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The army was developed, but the sceptical British were persuaded that the army was not to be used.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

There was little resource expenditure on other national development.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[17] The balance in the administration of the country began to change when Queen Tripurasundari died in 1832, when Bhimsen Thapa lost his main supporter.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

And when King Rajendra Bikram Shah, who supported the Pande lineage, came of age, he began to gain further influence.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

In 1833, a British official in Nepal was started by Brian Houghton Hodgson, who campaigned aggressively for British influence and for trading opportunities.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

He was opposed by Bhimsen Thapa, at which point Hodgson also openly assisted the Prime Minister's opponents.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

King Rajendra announced in 1837 that he would rule the country independently.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

This reduced the powers and power of Bhimsen Thapa and his kinsmen were granted to representatives of the House of Pande.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Shortly after this, the youngest son of the elder queen died, and Bhimsen Thapa was imprisoned on false accusations of poisoning her.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

He was released after a trial but was re-imprisoned by Rana Jang Pande, who was appointed Prime Minister.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

With an iron grip, Bhimsen Thapa, who previously led the country, died in captivity in 1839 after he committed suicide.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

This series of events also marked the end of a long period in which the prime minister ruled over the kings of the Shah dynasty.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[17] However, the death of Bhimsen Thapa did not change the domestic political struggle waged in the country.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Pandet was dismissed and your prime minister appointed Fateh Jung Shah, his administration was also unable to control rivalry between the Pande and Thapa clans.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The Pandet suggested that the king should renounce the crown in favour of his heir, the king again resorted to the advice of his wives.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Under pressure, the king announced that he would rule the country only through Queen Rajya Lakshmidevi and instructed his subordinates to obey him.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The queen sought support to bring her own son to the throne, past the son of the king's second wife Surendra.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

He called back Mathbar Singh Thapa, who had gone into exile and enjoyed the confidence of the army.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

This set about arriving in Kathmandu to investigate the death of his uncle Bhimsen Thapa, and a number of their Pande enemies were executed.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Mathbar Singh was appointed Chief Minister in 1843.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

However, he did not intervene in court intrigues, unlike his predecessors.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Against the Queen's will, he supported Surendra, the rightful heir to the throne.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Acting against the Queen's will came to her fate, Mathbar Singh Thapa was assassinated in 1845, most likely on the orders of the Queen.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Most likely, he was assassinated by his nephew Jang Bahadur Kunwar, who later became a prominent figure at the head of the country.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[17] Rana regime Era Palace massacre The death of Mathbar Singh Thapa became one of the most significant turning points in Nepalese history.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

In the country, the period of prime minister's dictatorship began at the expense of the old high power.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The events gave a long period of stability to Nepal, but at the expense of political and economic development.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[18] Fateh Jung Shah was re-appointed Prime Minister of the country following the assassination of Mathbar Singh Thapa.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

However, greater power was in the hands of Gagan Singh, who was a favourite of Queen Rajya Lakshmidev, and had seven army regiments to command while the Prime Minister ruled three.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The Queen hoped Gagan Singh would assist in bringing her own son to the throne.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The three army regiments were also controlled by Jang Bahadur and Abdiman Singh.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

In September 1846, Gagan Singh was mysteriously murdered.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Enraged by this, the Queen instructed Jang Bahadur to gather all the administrators in Hanuman Dhoka's palace to face justice.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

This ordered his men not to let anyone out of the palace without the permission of the Queen or her self.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The Queen considered the Pands guilty of Gagan Singh's murder, and she instructed Abdiman Singh to execute them.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

This hesitated and felt that the order should come from King Rajendra, who merely asked to investigate the matter and punish the perpetrators.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[18] [19] Tension in the palace increased and a struggle ensued in the crowd, in which people sides and otherwise sought to slay persons of the other party with swords and knives as weapons.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The only military leader who had organized for the occasion with his troop detachments was Jang Bahadur.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Abdiman Singh was killed trying to exit, for which he did not have permission, in his attempt to bring his own troops to the scene.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Jang Bahadur's forces defeated the battle and many of their opponents were killed.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

As the situation calmed down, the courtyard was filled with the bodies of the leading nobility and their supporters.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Among those killed, in addition to Abdiman Singh, were Prime Minister Fateh Jung Shah, and members of the noble family of Thapa and Pande.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The total number of people killed was about 40.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[18] [19] Full clarity has never been reached on the causes of the 1846 massacre.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

It has always been suspicious that the king was absent when the battle began and that Jang Bahadur was the only military leader ready for action.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The only apparent beneficiaries of the massacre was Jang Bahadur, who became the only military leader with a strong position in the nation's capital.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

He declared himself the country's prime minister and massacred many of the top brass who rose up against him.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

6000 people were driven into exile in India.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

[18] [19] Rana power rise The Queen did not like Jang Bahadur's premiership and organized a conspiracy with a prominent superiority to eliminate this.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The conspiracy was embezzled and those involved were executed.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The queen was stripped of her powers and was driven into exile to Varanasi along with King Rajendra.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

The king still attempted a return to the throne, but Jang Bahadur elevated to the throne of Surendran.


Question: Who founded Palpa?

History of Nepal

Rajendra was captured and spent the rest of his life under house arrest.