Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Those plants that drop their leaves for the winter before then absorb chlorophyll from the leaves into their innards, allowing other dyes to appear.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Thus, autumnal rot is created.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

In addition to water, the vacuole fluid contains enzymes, nutrients, waste materials or even toxins.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Young cells may have several small blisters, which in the parents merge, occupying up to 90% of the cell volume.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Plant cells lack centrioles, lysosomes, or cilia (with the exception of some unicellular algae).


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

chloroplasts in the light microscope image The chloroplast model as the vacuole expands and shrinks, the plant cell remains the same size by the cell wall Plant cells are formed by cells specialized with each other for the same task.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

They have arisen when the division of labor of cells of advanced multicellular organisms has resulted in cell differentiation.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Almost all tubular plants have at least three types of cells: The surface cell is usually the strength of a single cell layer and envelops the plant tightly.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

The outer wall of the cell is usually thick and durable.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

On top of it is still a thin waxy film, a cuticle that protects the plant from excessive evaporation.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

The basal cell forms the main part of the plant.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Cells can be circular or nearly rectangular, long and thick-walled, making them support cells.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

The wire lock forms the wire tendons.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Conductor tendons A special network of wire tendons has developed for tube plants, which act as an importer of water and nutrients to cells and as an exporter of communication products away from cells.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

The tendons are most clearly seen as leaf veins.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

On the stem, the location of the tendons varies: on single-coated plants they are mixed.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

On dicotyleds and conifers, they are organized into a ring in the plane of the cross section.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

The core conductor tendon part is wood and the outer part is nila; in addition, there is still a thin trace between them.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Thin trace cells divide and form new cells mainly inward, and also slightly outward into a shell.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

This is based on the increase in thickness of the stem.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

In the wooden part are located tubes that have arisen from the walls of overlapping dead cells.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Along them, water passes from the roots all the way to the tips of the plant.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Conifers, instead of tubes, have narrow and long cells.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Strainer tubes are located on the nile.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

They are formed by overlapping living cells, the partitions of which are filled with holes.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Strainer tubes carry the contact products from the leaves to other parts of the plant.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

On woody plants, the cord tendons have grown attached to each other into a tube surrounding the core.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Their cells are thick-walled and strong, with wood matter deposited in the cellulose walls of the cells of their wood part.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

New cells that emerge in spring are larger in size than those born later in summer, resulting in the appearance of annual rings in the cross-section of the tree.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Reproduction Plants can reproduce asexually by seed or asexually by spores or vegetatively.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Spore plants are characterized by generational alternation, with alternating asexual and asexual reproduction.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

In a cycle of plant asexual reproduction, the plant's sporophyte generation, which forms an actual visible plant such as wood or grass on seed plants, reproduces asexually by producing spores that develop into gametophytes.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

[1] A generation of gametophytes, consisting of practically canine pollen particles on seed plants and female seed motif embryos, in turn produces canine sperm and female ovules.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Actual asexual reproduction always occurs among gametophytes.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

[2] Male and female gametophytes may develop in the same sporophyte flower or inflorescence (duplicitous) or in separate stamens and emi-flowers or inflorescences (monoeuvousness).


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

[3] [4] [5] The process begins with pollination, in which pollen consisting of dog gametophytes protected by the spore wall passes either from the anther of the same plant (self-pollination) or another plant (cross-pollination) to the stem's slug.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

[6] [7] Often, a single bidirectional flower may self-pollinate itself.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

[4] Animal pollinated plants, by the colour and scent of flowers and by means of mede or pollen, attract animals to them, which then spread the pollen to the bases of other flowers.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Most animal-pollinated plants are insect-pollinated, but other animals such as birds or bats may act as pollinators.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

[8] [9] Wind-pollinated plants, which are many trees and grasses, produce large amounts of pollen to be disseminated by the wind.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

[10] Emi Stamen Pollen infects insects The pollen particle that has ended up on the slug of the mother grows a long pollen tube through the emi's body into the foetus where the seed motif is located.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

At the same time, the brood nucleus in the tube is split in half.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Of them, one fuses together with the ovum and the other with the nucleus of the central cell.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

This is how conception has happened.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

The fetus turns into a larger fruit, the seed motif into a seed, and the membranes of the seed motif into seed shells.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

The ovum has developed into an embryo inside the seed and the central cell usually into a storage material lock.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

In bare-seeded, the pollen particle attaches directly to a droplet of liquid on the surface of the seed motif.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

If pollen enters the pistil of another closely related plant, fertilisation may occur, resulting in the seed becoming a hybrid of species.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

(See parthenocarpy).


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

It is unfavourable for seeds to develop at the root of the mother plant, so various means have been developed for plants to propagate their seeds.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

The seeds of many plants have an appendage that the wind easily captures with them (for example, milkweed and dandelion).


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Many fruits, on the other hand, provide nourishment to their eater in exchange for transporting the seeds it contains.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Some seeds and fruits easily cling to fur or clothing with the help of hook-like spines (burdock, rusks).


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Some of the plants themselves know how to bazooka their seeds farther away, for example, wood sorrel and aho pansies.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

The AHO pansy might shoot its seeds up to five feet away.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Seed size varies widely.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

The fruit, which contains a single seed of the Seychellian palm (Lodoicea maldivica), weighs up to 20kg, while seeds from palm plants, or orchids, can fit in one gram of 992.25 million.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

[11] They contain no spare food at all, only a mere embryo that needs the assistance of a fungal mycelium to germinate.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

seeds catching turkey seeds with wind Kiwi seeds are passed along with the eater Large seed Avocado seed diagram The beans diagram Asexual reproduction is very common on plants.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Unicellular algae reproduce by division.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Spores of ferns and mosses germinate without fertilization.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Other plants also have ample means for asexual reproduction, as with the exception of the flower, almost any part of the plant can develop into a new individual.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

These include, but are not limited to, broken branches and stems (many shrubs), root systems (widow's leaf, field horsetail), ground stalks (lily of the valley), sprawls (strawberry, sprawling lily), leaves (dandelion, poultry), bulbs and buds.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Plants born in this way are always clones of their parent plant unless a mutation occurs.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Sporing Ground Stem Sprawling plant Onion grows new Bud Growth and life On most seed plants, the embryo inside the seed is in dry rot until it comes into contact with water, heat and oxygen.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

The cells begin to absorb water, causing them to swell and the seed shell to crack.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

The cotyledon root grows into a main root (dicotyledons) or atrophies and diffuse roots (monocotyledons) grow at its base.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Cotyledons (or cotyledons with monocotyledons) and cotyledons begin to grow.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Leaves begin to connect after receiving light.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

At the tip of the cotyletail stem is a bud from which the other parts of the plant develop.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Plant length growth occurs in growth zones that are at the tips of the roots as an area 5—10mm long, as well as immediately below the tip of the shoot.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

On grasses, there are several growth zones along the stem.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Initially, the cells of the growth zone are sharply divided, after which they become enlarged, develop and differentiate in their functions.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

The trunks and roots of woody plants also grow in thickness.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Based on their life cycle, plants are divided into annual, biennial and perennial plants.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Annuals (many hay and crops) grow in spring, breed in summer and die by the time winter arrives.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Biennials (many cabbages and mallow plants) grow in the first year and bloom, as well as reproduce only the next.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Perennial plants may not be reproductive until many years after their germination (trees, for example), after which they produce seeds or spores annually until they die, if conditions so permit.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Plants in temperate and colder zones often lose their leaves or all of their above-ground part for the winter, with the exception of conifers that keep their leaves all year round.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

They are thus evergreen.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

In the warm zone, some plants lose their leaves for the dry season.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

The lifespan of individual plant specimens ranges from one growing season to hundreds of years.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

The longest-lived are some conifers, which in barren areas (such as mountains and the northern boundary of their range) are very slow growing.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

American marigolds (Pinus aristata) have lived up to about 5000 years old, [11] but mammoth predators (Sequoiadendron giganteum) can also live approximately as long.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Cucumber sprout Large mammoth finder Upright dead wood or coil Connection The basis of plant nutrition intake is communicating, most plants connect by photosynthesis but few plants use chemosynthesis for the same purpose.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

In chemosynthesis, plants make organic compounds from carbon and hydrogen.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Plants get their energy for chemosynthesis by acidification of inorganic compounds.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Photosynthesis is evolutively younger and more plants use it.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

In it, plant cells, using solar radiation energy, produce sugar and oxygen from water and carbon dioxide (6H2O + 6CO2 + light → C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6O2).


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

The coherent pigment, chlorophyll, is located in the green particles of the plant cell, or chloroplasts.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

There are about a hundred species of actual plants that have no communicating cells.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Among them, the most famous in Finland are the hops guest, the nest root and the pine flower.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Leafless plants are parasites of other plants or derive their nutrition exclusively through fungal mycelium.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Water As for other organisms, water is an indispensable substance for plants.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

They need it for the transport of nutrients from roots to leaves, as well as transporting materials made by leaves away from them.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Water is also needed in contact to form sugar.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Cells, on the other hand, absorb water to such an extent that pressure is created against the cell walls (fluid tension).


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

It also allows soft-stemmed plants to remain rigid.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

The vital functions of cells occur in the cell mass, which is, for the most part, water.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Plants receive water with the help of roots.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

The water absorbed by the plant has only about one prom of different salts.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

The plant needs large amounts of water to obtain the necessary amount of substances, and after they get into the leaves, water becomes unnecessary.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Thus, the plant evaporates water through special air gaps (tubular plants), and also directly through the surface of the leaves with young and thin leaves.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

The proportion of evaporation that passes through plants as part of their vital functions is called transpiration.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

[12] If not enough water is available, the plant closes its air bladder.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

That's what it also does at night when contact stops.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

In arid neighborhoods, plants may resort against excessive evaporation, for example, with thick round leaves that store water well and have a small evaporation area.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

In addition, the surface of the leaves may have a thick coat of hair or wax.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Plants such as cacti in extremely dry conditions have a special metabolic system, CAM contact, which allows them to keep their air bladders open at night and closed during the day, thereby minimising evaporation.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

They store carbon dioxide at night, causing their communicating cells to become acidic.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

During the day, they contact this stored carbon dioxide under cover.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

[13] Breathing Plants produce oxygen, but also need it for their own breath.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

The process is somewhat opposite to communicating: the plant oxidizes, that is, burns the sugar from which it receives energy.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

At the same time, water and carbon dioxide are released.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Combustion is small in terms of contact, and so plants are nevertheless oxygen producers.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Since plants lack respiratory and circulatory systems, each part of the plant takes care of its own oxygen supply.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Oxygen is transmitted mainly through air gaps and pores in the bark into the plant, where it is further transported in cell intervals.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Also, the roots take oxygen from the ground, where there is usually enough of it.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Aquatic plants, on the other hand, receive oxygen only through their leaves; a special air passageway has often developed in the foliage, along which oxygen passes all the way to the roots.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Symbiosis Many plants live in symbiosis with another plant or species belonging to another group of organisms.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Perhaps the most advanced symbiosis is lichen, in which algae and fungus form as if a double organism.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

The fungus absorbs water, which is used by the algae between the mycelium and forms by contacting substances needed by the fungus.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

[14] One important symbiosis is between legumes and nitrogen bacteria.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Nitrogen bacteria penetrate the soil into the roots of the plant, forming nodules in them.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

They begin to form nitrogen compounds without nitrogen, which are generated beyond the plant's own need and spread into the mulch as fertilizer for use by other plants as well.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Legumes, on the other hand, produce carbohydrates for bacteria.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

[15] Also greysmith has a similar symbiosis.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Heather and palm plants are highly dependent on fungal mycelium that coexist with them.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Also on other plants, fungal mycelium might, for collaborative purposes, surround the plant's root, forming what is known as the so-called.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

mushroom root.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

[16] Fungal root Carnivorous plants Often living in low-nutrient swamps have developed a peculiar way of acquiring nitrogen: they trap small insects by attracting them, for example, to their sticky leaves (kihoks) or special funnel-shaped for specialized leaves (jug plant), where the insect falls.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

In the extreme, plants may actively catch insects, such as the fly trap (Dionaea muscipula).


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

[17] In the case of carnivorous plants, one can no longer speak of symbiosis.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Carnivorous plant Plants and man Man has used plants for nutrition throughout its existence.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

From the period around 8500 BC.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

date back to the first evidence of the genesis of farming culture, where at first mainly wild wheat and soon barley, pea, lentils and flax were cultivated.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

With farming, the number of people began to grow rapidly and they could stay in a certain area.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

With breeding, man has shaped crops to become more productive and sustainable.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

For human consumption, easily digestible parts of plants such as fruits and root vegetables are especially suitable.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

From wood, man has obtained materials for building houses and boats, as well as for making paper, among other things.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

From cotton and linen, he has made fabrics, hemp and sisal ropes.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Many chemical products are also processed from the plants, such as turpentine and other detergents, aromatic oils, hair dyes and other cosmetics.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

For the production of aesthetic pleasure, a person grows ornamental plants in gardens and houseplants indoors.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Plants have symbolic significance as a national flower and national tree, in some cultures trees have magical properties.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Medicinal plants have been used for millennia to treat various ailments, and also in modern medicine there has been increasing attention paid to their healing ingredients.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Intoxicants such as tobacco, marijuana and opium are also obtained from the plants.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Some plants are poisonous when eaten or through contact, the pollen of some causes allergy.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Plants are called weeds in places where they are harmful, invasive species, or alien species, can pose a threat to native flora.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

[18] [19] Wheat is one of the plants cultivated by man for consumption.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Fruit Felled trees for construction and paper making Clothes are made from cotton Garden Ornamental plant Dandelion is often considered a weed Systematic classification Even before the 1950s, all organisms were divided into plants and animals.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Plants were all those organisms that did not meet the animal's distinctive features, such as fungi and even bacteria.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

After the middle of the 20th century, the so-called five-organisms system was in place, whereby plants received their own definition, which nevertheless left many algae outside the plant kingdom into the then more defined primary organisms (Protista).


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

The definition included sprout plants, or embryophyta, which are mosses and tubular plants, characterised by stem and leaves specialised in their own functions as distinct from mixstem plants.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

As the understanding of plant pedigree history had grown by the coming of the late 20th century, the concept of plant kingdom became somewhat more expansive.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Due to the lax connection of the plant concept with the current systematics, absolutely unambiguous limits can not be imposed on the concept.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

The concept of a plant kingdom found in current parlance can mean three different taxons in practice.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

From the narrowest to the widest circumscription, these taxa are: Shoots, i.e., embryophyta plants (Embryophyta), i.e., Plantae sensu stricto.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Green plants (Viridiplantae [20], Chlorobionta or Chloroplastida [21]), comprising green algae proper (Chlorophyta) and the Streptophytina group comprising see-beard algae (Charophyta) and shoots.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

In scientific classification, this delineation is often used.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

[22] Archaeplastida, or a line of development, from which green plants, red algae (Rhodophyta) and glaucophytes (Glaucophyta) have apparently evolved from modern studies.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

It is also possible to use the term Plantae sensu lato from this taxon.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Estimates of the number of plant species on Earth vary widely.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

The figures presented by various researchers for the number of cop-seeded plants are 231413 (1974), [23] 270000 now generally accepted, 422127 (in 2001) [24] and 421968 [25].


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

In addition to this, about 24000 species of mosses are known, ferns over 12000 and bare-seed over 800.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Subcommune/groupArchClassGreen algae, ChlorophytaBeard algae, CharophytaFronds, EmbryophytaSammalet, BryophytaLiver mosses, Hepaticopsidan mosses, Anthocerotaelleaf mosses, BryopsidaliecomycoPlants, LycopodiophytaLiekoPlants, copodiopsidamamoPlants, SelaginellopsidaGrass, IsoëTopsida Fernwort, PteridophytaBranch, PsilotopsidaCartelike, SphenopsidasFern-like, PteropsidaSeed, SpermatophytaDeepseed, GymnospermaePine Palms, CycAdinaEidonBiraea, GinkgoinaeConifers, PinopSidagnetinaEcopeSeed, AngiospermaeDiocytes, MagnoliataeYxicotyle, Liliatae The table shows the indicative classification of currently living green plants.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

[26] For shoots, the categories are also marked.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

The mild-like plants have been raised from the class of ferns to their own arc, as modern understanding holds that they are not closely related to other shoots.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

[27] Seed plants are divided according to traditional view into five arcs present today (pine palms, ginkgo biloba, conifers, Gnetophyta, and coppice-seeded), but contemporary knowledge suggests that the four former groups also form a cohesive group of bare-seeded.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

[28] The collective name spore plants is used for all plants except seed plants.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

[26] Taxonomically, however, spore plants do not form their own group.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Plants can also be classified in the following way into 18 arcs: [29] Anthocerotophyta — antler moss Bacillariophyta — diatoms Bryophyta — leaf mosses Chlorophyta — green algae Cyanidiophyta Cycadophyta — pineal palms Equisetophyta Ginkgophyta Glaucophyta — glaucophytes Gnetophyta Lycopodiophyta — mild-like Magnoliophyta Marchantiophyta — Liver mosses Pinophyta Prasinophyta Psilophyta — branched Pteridophyta — fern Rhodophyta — red algae The current scientific classification no longer considers algae other than green algae as organisms belonging to the plant family, but morphologically and lifestyles their commonalities with plants are so great that all algal organisms have once been considered primitive plants on this basis.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Later, it has been established that, with the exception of green algae, other algal organisms do not fall into the line of development of plants.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

For example, brown algae, along with some other groups of algal organisms, belong to their own municipality, which, depending on the source, has been used e.g.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

designations Chromalveolata and Chromia.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

[30] Blue-green algae, or cyanobacteria, are currently considered not to belong to algae, but to bacteria.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

[31] Algae are a very diverse, developmentally completely non-uniform and initially quite artificially classified group of organisms, and the name is used today mostly for practical reasons.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

The designation today refers mostly to certain morphological characteristics or lifestyles, rather than to a specific independent group of organisms.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Multicellular algae, such as brown algae and red algae, are mixed, like some primitive actual plants, meaning that their structure has no distinguishable leaves, roots and flowers.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Algae are capable of communicating — algae account for about 90% of all contact on Earth.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Along with leafy green, algae may contain other pigments such as yellow or brown carotenoids and blue or red phycobilins, which give the algae their characteristic colour.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Also, the cellular structure of many algae resembles plants, with the exception of diatoms, whose cell wall consists of silica.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Many unicellular algae have swim lines on their cell wall, enabling them to swim in water.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

A few species that do not have a cell wall or is not rigid are additionally able to crawl in the manner of amebos.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Most algae live in sweet and salty bodies of water where they either drift detached or are attached to the bottom.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

In addition, they are ordinary inhabitants of damp places in forests.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

However, algae have also been found from snow, beneath the ice cap at sea and beneath translucent quartz boulders in the Namib Desert.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

They often form symbioses with other groups of organisms: lichens are symbiotic twin organisms of fungi and algae, and coral animals again require single-celled algae called zooxanthellae to form coral reefs.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Development The chart shows the descending and mutual kinship relationships of green plants according to some sources.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

[27] [32] [33] The exact pedigree history of mosses has so far been unclear and several variants have been presented.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Extinct taxa are marked by the †sign.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

The first to contact organisms were pre-nucleated cyanobacteria that lived about 2700 million years ago.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Many of these formed colonies, stromatolites, which still exist in areas such as the shallow coastal waters of Shark Bay in western Australia.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

According to endosymbiotic theory, algae arose when cyanobacteria formed intracellular symbiosis, endosymbiosis, with some unicellular initial organisms and evolved into chloroplasts of the algal cell.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

It is also believed that there was not just one stem form that arose this way, but endosymbiosis formed around the same time with several different species, which then evolved into brown, gold, red and green algae, among others.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

The first known authentic algae was Grypania, which appeared about 2100 million years ago.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

[34] For the next 1500 million years organisms remained in the oceans, as deadly UV rays reached the surface in the absence of the ozone layer.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Gradually, thanks to algae contact, the oxygen content in the atmosphere rose to sufficient levels to generate the ozone layer, and thus life on the ground surface became possible as well.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Nature tends to fill empty ecological compartments, and so in the Ordovician period 490—450 million years ago, plants began to migrate to land as well.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

[35] However, based on DNA dating, it is thought that the first land plants appeared clearly earlier, around 700 million years ago.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

[36] The first pioneer plants to migrate to land were advanced algae, cyanobacteria and lichens.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

From species of the Charophyta class of green algae evolved mosses, the first actual plants.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Mosses were still tied to damp places as they are poikilohydric, meaning their moisture balance is determined by the environment.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

When drought occurs, mosses also dry up, enter a hibernating state, and recover quickly as conditions become more favourable.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

[37] At the beginning of the Silurian Period around 425 million years ago, the first tubular plants emerged, the oldest known from fossil discoveries being Cooksonia, a few centimetres high, with a spore colony at the end of its leafless stems.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Much more complex in structure, Baragwanathia was almost as early a species, and had spirally arranged leaves.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Tubular plants developed a protective wax layer on their surface from drying, regulating air gaps on the undersides of the leaves, and a tree section whose tubes bring water absorbed by the roots and nutrients for use by the plant.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Tube plants were thus homoiohydric, they were able to maintain their moisture balance despite environmental fluctuations.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Competition for light prompted the development of foliage to allow plants to obtain collected solar energy more efficiently; at the same time, water intake mechanisms had to continue to evolve as evaporation increased.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

In the Devonian period 408—362 million years ago, with new evolutive developments, there was a strong abundance of tubular plants and an increase in their diversity.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Lieos and quarters appeared around this time, as did ferns, seal trees, pine palms, and Calamites and Cordaites trees.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Spore plants evolved into an intermediate form between them as well as seed plants, the now-extinct class of seed ferns Progymnospermae.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Towards the end of the season, the first lod-like trees and bare-seeded seed plants developed.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

The oldest seed fossils are about 365 million years old, and their preforms were found at least 20 million years earlier.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

During the Coal Age 362—290 million years ago, the climate was warm, with temperature fluctuations small and the soil swampy.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Conditions were ideal for horsetail and fern trees, whose spores needed moist conditions to germinate.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

They formed the first forests.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Many other groups of plants that developed in the Devonian period also flourished.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

However, a large number of them became extinct by the end of the Paleozoic World Period as conditions became less favourable.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

During the Permian period 290—245 million years ago, the climate was cool and dry.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Continental glaciers occupied the area in the Southern Hemisphere.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

The first conifers appeared.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

The most typical species for this era were the Glossopteris seed ferns, which had spread to Gondwanamantere, which however disappeared towards the end of the season.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Their tray was filled by the bush-like, approximately four-foot-tall seed fern Dicroidium and its relatives.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

They were the most typical plants of tropical regions of the Triassic period (245—208 million years ago).


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

In the Triassic, bare-seeded conifers, pine palms, and ginkgo biloba trees also became common, forming the vast majority of forests throughout the Pangaean major continent.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Their reign — particularly pineal palms — continued until the Jura period 208—145 million years ago.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

The Cretaceous period (145—65 million years ago) saw a revolution of coppic-seeded (Magnoliophytina).


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

They coevolutionarily evolved with the insects pollinating them higher than other plants, and they rapidly occupied the area.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

By mid-season, already about 90 percent of land plants were flowering plants.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

The Eocene (56.5—35.4 million years ago) brought with it grasses, which in turn influenced the evolution of herbivorous mammals in the Oligocene (35.4—23.2 million years ago).


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

As the average global temperature decreased in the Miocene (23.2—5.2 million years ago), grasses began to displace forests, and by the beginning of the Pliocene (5.2—1.6 million years ago) deserts were already occurring.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

See also botany or botanics vegetation zone gardening plant temperature stress plants by growth habit: tree, shrub, creeper, grass, succulent plants by place of growth: overplant Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Soveri, Ulvinen, Kalliola| title = Plant| publisher = Otava| year = 1970}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = New Little Giant| publisher = WSOY| year = 1989}} CD-fact 2004.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

WSOY.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

ISBN 951-0-28676-1.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Rikkinen, Jouko: Algae, mushrooms and algae mushrooms.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

University Weight, 1999.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

ISBN 9789515703637 References on the topic elsewhere.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead. (in French).


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

(in French).


Question: How is a perennial plant defined?

Plants

style="background: #F99; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;” class="Table-no"|No * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

Taivalkoski is a municipality in the northeastern part of the province of Northern Ostrobothnia.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

It belongs to the sub-region of Northeast Country.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

The municipality has a population of, [1] and covers an area of km², of which km² are bodies of water.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

[2] Population density is Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character “[”.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

Taivalkoski borders Kuusamo, Posio, Pudasjärvi and Suomussalmi.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

The most famous or white man is the writer Kalle Päätalo.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

His childhood home in Kallioniemi Taivalkoski Jokijärvi is now a tourist attraction.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

In the centre of Taivalkoski there is the Kalle Päätalo Market and the Päätalo monument designed by artist Arja Lehtimäki (2005).


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

Taivalkoski High School and Oulu Vocational University can train both young and adult students.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

You can graduate from OSAO's Taivalkoski unit as miner, forest machinery driver, earthwork machinery driver, waiter and near-minder.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

The municipality also operates the Main Talo Institute (1990), which provides authorship training, which organizes an annual Napero-Finlandia competition.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

Taivalkoski belongs to the Northeast Country.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

Other municipalities in Northeast Finland are Kuusamo and Posio, and in part Pudasjärvi.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

The northeastern country's border definition is open and devoid of legal definition.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

North Ostrobothnia is traditionally considered to begin south of Lake Pudasjärvi.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

North of the municipality is the former Mustavaara mine, which was a major producer of vanadium pentoxide.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

History The first people arrived in the Taivalkoski region early on, as Iijoki was one of the most important routes between the West and East in northern Finland along with Oulujoki.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

For a long time the region was dominated by the Sami wildernesses, but at the end of the Middle Ages, wildernesses began to enter the wilds of Iijokivre from the coast of the Bothnian Sea.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

However, the region was not permanently settled until after the Peace of Totelse of 1595, when the area passed to Swedish control.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

The first settlers came both from Savo and along the Iii River from the coast.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

Settlers were attracted by good fishing grounds and extensive game lands.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

The oldest settlements were the areas of Jokijärvi, Tyräjärvi, Kostonjärvi and Jurmu village.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

At the beginning of the 16th century, three settlers lived in Taivalkoski, Simo Kurtti, Juho Soroinen and Heikki Manninen.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

The population remained small for a long time, as still in 1700 there were only about 150 inhabitants.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

Along with fishing and hunting, the settlers engaged in cascading on the slopes of hazards.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

Farming developed slowly, as the lands tend to be barren, hallanaric moraine lands.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

Cattle husbandry provided a surer loaf.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

[3] The area of Taivalkoski belonged until 1842 to the keeper of Pudasjärvi.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

At that time, the Jokijärvi Prayer House belonging to Pudasjärvi was formed, which in 1885 became Pudasjärvi Chapel.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

The first church was built in 1849 on Lake Jokijärvi.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

In 1868, Jokijärvi Municipality was established.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

[4] [5] Since the village of Taivalkoski had developed into a growing population centre since the establishment of the sawmill, plans began to move the church from the former church village of Jokijärvi to the village of Taivalkoski.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

After long disputes, the church was ordered to be moved to Taivalkoski, where it was erected in 1879. An independent keeper of Taivalkoski was also formed at that time.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

Jokijärvi Municipality was abolished in 1884 and annexed to Taivalkoski.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

The church was in use until 1925 when it burned down from a lightning strike.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

The new church was completed in 1933.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

In spiritual life, Lestadioism has had a strong influence on Taivalkoski.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

[3] Forests have played a major role in the economic life of Taivalkoski, as evidenced by the municipal coat of arms, Already tar burning brought extra merit to the peasants, but especially the development of forestry after the middle of the 19th century contributed considerably to the development of the area.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

On the site of the present church village, on the verge of Taivalkoski, a two-track water saw was established by Oulu lumbermen, which was then owned by the Uleå company.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

The saw products were transported along the Iiriver to Iijokisu.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

[3] Taivalkoski's population grew rapidly in the first half of the 20th century.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

In 1920 there were 3268 inhabitants, 1935 4417.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

New clearing only really got off the ground after World War II, and in 1960 there were already 6160 inhabitants.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

In the 1960s, however, the population of the municipality began to decline, but in the following decade the population stabilised at 5800 inhabitants.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

In 1985 there were 5797 inhabitants.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

The population then went into decline again, with 4422 inhabitants in 2011.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

[3] Nature Taivalkoski is a municipality in Northeast Country, whose landscapes are dominated by forested marshland and hazard lands as well as many lakes and rivers.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

[3] Most of the bedrock in the region belongs to the gneissigranite region of Eastern Finland.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

Gabro, granodiorite and quartzite sites also protrude from the northwest into the municipal area.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

The sanctification hazard is entirely pale quartzite.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

Mustavaara has a vanadium deposit that Rautaruukki exploited until 1985.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

The most common type of soil is moraine, which exists on the bottoms of hazards and valleys.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

In some places, the moraine has piled up into drumlines consistent with the direction of travel on the continental ice.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

[3] The territory of the municipality has several almost east-west ridge periods, bordered in many places by extensive sand and sand canvases.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

The most noticeable ridge period comes from the Pudasjärvi side and extends from Taivalkoski to the Kuusamo side.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

Soipeharju, Pahkakuru-Porraslamminkangas, Longlamminkangas and Harjukangas-Martinharju are part of the National Ridge Protection Programme.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

The largest clay area is on Saarijärvi in Metsäkylä in the southern part of the municipality; Saarijärvi itself is a meteorite impact crater.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

Surface shapes vary.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

The terrain is uppermost in the northern and western parts of the municipality, where the highest elevations are Pyhitysvaara, Kumpujenselkä, Maaselkä, Latvavaara and Suvantovaara.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

Particularly at the top of the Sanctification Vaara offers fine views over forests and lakes.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

In the eastern parts of the municipality, the terrain is more gentle.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

[3] Taivalkoski is a watershed area with high water.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

The waters of the area belong to the Iijoki watershed.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

The Iii River flows in an east-west direction into the centre of the commune, where it turns southwest.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

Major tributaries of the river in Taivalkoski district include Kostonjoki, Kutinjoki, Oudonjoki, Loukusajoki and Kisosjoki.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

The eastern part of the municipality contains numerous lakes, the largest of which are Tyräjärvi, Koviojärvi, Lower Irni, Polojärvi and Säriluoma.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

In the northern part of the municipality there is an almost island-free Lake Koston and Lake Kortejärvi to the west.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

[3] Vegetation is in hazards and sandy areas with pine trees, moraine soils have more lush spruce trees.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

Taivalkoski has a number of natural treasure areas, the most famous of which are the Pyhitysvaara Law District, the Pahkakuru District and the Rääptys and Kylmäluoma Areas.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

Swamps account for an abundant third of the municipal area.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

The marshes in the western part are of the type of apasas, in the east are the predominant waterborne slope bogs.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

The Maijanlammenswo area has been formed as a marsh reserve.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

[3] Tourism Winter Taivalkoski is one of Finland's most secure snowy regions throughout the winter.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

The most popular of winter activities are downhill skiing, cross-country skiing, snowmobiling and ski jumping.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

Their activities are possible at the Taivalvaara Ski Resort located near the centre of Taivalkoski.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

Iso- and Pikku-Syöttä ski resorts are located within a good half hour's drive from the centre of Taivalkoski in Pudasjärvi.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

Summer in Taivalkoski's clean and diverse nature, you can enjoy adventure and experience sports such as kayaking, mountain biking, fishing, hiking, frisbee golf and wall climbing.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

The highlight of summer tourism in Taivalkoski is the Main Talo Week held since 1980, where thousands of Päätalo admirers arrive every year to enjoy the middle summer of Northeast Finland with literature and culture.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

The Main House Week Since 1974 has been celebrated in Taivalkoski.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

Initially, the homestead days were named Joki-Jussi Days.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

In the early 1980s, the name of Home Days changed to Main House Days, and as the event expanded into a week-long cultural and literary event, the name became Main House Week.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

As its name suggests, Päätalo Week honors the literary production and life's work of the Valkoskelian writer Kalle Päätalo.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

The week's events range from a quiz based on the Main House books to running and market events.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

A small-scale rock festival on Saturday of the Main Talo week has also been a tradition on the paddling centre's performance stage next to Taivalkoski.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

Hiking areas Kylmäluoma Hiking area Kylmäluoma Hiking area is located in the north-east of the municipality of Taivalkoski, 45 kilometres south of Kuusamo towards Kajaani.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

The terrain of the hiking area is predominantly rugged pine cloth, characterized by high ridge lines following the water bodies.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

The camping area of Kylmäluoma offers diverse opportunities for various nature pursuits.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

Hiking, fishing and kayaking, as well as berry picking and cycling, as well as skiing and ice fishing in winter are popular with hikers.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

Kylmäluoma is especially a resort for families.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

The Iso-Syöte Iso-Syöttu hiking area borders the Iso-Suottu Downhill Skiing and Tourism Center, on the north by Syöte National Park and the Suoti Recreational Forest on the south.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

Together, these three areas form a complex of recreational and nature reserves in Syöte.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

The Iso-Syöte Hiking Area and the entire Iso-Syöte surroundings offer excellent hiking opportunities throughout the year.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

Varied hiking and ski trails meander around the hiking area and its outskirts.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

Among other things, the UKK route runs through Iso-Syöttu terrains.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

Population trend The accompanying graph shows the population trend of the municipality every five years since 1980.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

On 1 January 2017, the regional division used is in accordance with the situation.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

Villages Settlement area, Inkee, Jokijärvi, Jokikkylä, Jurmu, Koitila, Kosto, Kurtti, Loukusa, Metsäkylä, Pisto, Polo, Taivalkoski, Tyrävaara and Vaarakylä.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

Conurbations At the end of 2017, Taivalkoski had 4,058 inhabitants, of whom 1,886 lived in built-up areas, 2,150 in sparsely populated areas and the coordinates of the residence of 22 inhabitants were unknown.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

The agglomeration rate is calculated from residents whose coordinates of residence are known; the agglomeration rate of Taivalkoski is 46.7%.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

[6] The agglomeration population of Taivalkoski belongs to only one agglomeration, namely the municipal centrist village of Taivalkoski, which had 1,886 inhabitants at the end of 2017.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

[7] Parishes According to the 2018 regional division, Taivalkoski has the following parishes of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland: [8] Taivalkoski Parish of the Parishes of the Finnish Orthodox Church in the Taivalkoski Region serves as the Oulu Orthodox Congregation.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

[9] The Taivalkoski line Taivalkoski was the northern terminus on the Taivalkosken—Ämmmänsaari line.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

The section of track from Pesiökylä in Suomussalmi to Taivalkoski was closed to traffic on 1 July 2004.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

The section of track started from Kontiomäki in Paltamo and branched off in Suomussalmi's Pesiökylä to Taivalkoski and Ämmänsaari.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

The track from Kontiomäki to Ämmänsaari is still in use.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

Well-known Tavalkoskels Kalle Päätalo, writer Pekka Jalava, comedian Tapio Räisänen, ski jumper Marko Heikkinen, musician Olli-Pekka Ervasti, musician Food culture Taivalkoski keeper dishes were named in the 1980s. that is, potato puree, as well as blueberry pie baked in sourdough.


Question: What is the population density of Tivalkoski?

Taivalkoski

[10] See also List of public art works and monuments in Taivalkoski Sources on the topic elsewhere * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: When was the Boer War fought?

Second Boer War

The Second Boer War was fought in 1899—1902.


Question: When was the Boer War fought?

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It contrasted the British Empire and on the other side the Oranje Free State and the Transvaal founded by the Boers.


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The Boers lost the war, causing their states to lose their independence and they were annexed to the British Empire.


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Background In 1887 gold prospectors discovered the world's largest gold deposit on the Witwatersrand (“Randi”) on a ridge spreading south of Pretoria just under a hundred kilometres to the east and 50 kilometres to the west.


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Despite the benefit brought by the discovery, Transvaal President Paul Kruger farsighted: “Instead of rejoicing, you would be better off shedding tears, because of this gold our country is still bathed in blood”.


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After the discovery of gold, thousands of British colonists began rolling across the border from Kapma.


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The city of Johannesburg emerged from a shack village almost overnight when uitlanders (foreigners) camped near the mines.


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Soon the Uitlanders outnumbered the Boers on the Rand, but they remained a minority in the whole Transvaal.


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Afrikaans became nervous and indignant at the uitlanders' presence, denying them the right to vote.


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The gold mining industry was heavily taxed, to which in response uitlanders and British mine owners attempted to overthrow the Boer government.


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In 1895, Cecil Rhodes sponsored an unsuccessful coup involving an armed strike, the Jameson Offensive.


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The failed attempt to gain better rights for the Britons served as a pretext for raising armies in Cape Country, as several of the important British colonial lords supported the incorporation of the Boer states into the British Empire.


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They included Sir Alfred Milner, Governor of Kapmaa, Joseph Chamberlain, British Colonial Secretary, and owners of mining groups such as Alfred Bait, Barney Barnato and Lionel Phillips.


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Sure that the Boers would lose, they tried to hasty war.


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The president of the Oranje Free State, Marthinus Steyn, invited Milner and Kruger for talks in Bloemfontein.


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Negotiations began on May 30, 1899, but soon broke off.


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In September 1899, Colonial Minister Joseph Chamberlain sent an ultimatum demanding full parity for British citizens in the Transvaal.


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Kruger, confident that war would break out, simultaneously sent his own ultimatum in which he gave the Britons 46 hours to move the troops away from the Transvaal border, or the Transvaal allied with the Oranje Free State would start the war.


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Phase One: Offensive of the Boers from October to December 1899 War was declared on 12 October 1899 and the Boers struck first, capturing territories from Kapma and Natal between October 1899 and January 1900.


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This was followed by some early victories by the Boers against General Redvers Buller.


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The Boers also succeeded in besieging the towns of Ladysmith, Mafeking (whose troops were commanded by Robert Baden-Powell) and Kimberley.


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With food reduced to insufficient, a siege began to take a toll on the British soldiers defending Ladysmith, Mafeking and the Kimberley, as well as civilians.


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In Mafeking, Sol Plaatje wrote “For the first time I saw horse meat being used as food for people”.


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The cities under siege were constantly bombarded with artillery and because of this, the streets were very dangerous places to move.


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At the end of the Siege of Kimberley, it was expected that the Boers would accelerate their concentrations, so people were advised to go into the mines to hide.


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The population of the town panicked and people streamed into the mines for 12 hours.


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Although the focus never came, it did not help lower the plight of the civilian population.


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The middle of December proved difficult for the British Army.


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Known as Black Week (10 to 15 December 1899), the British suffered a series of devastating defeats.


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At the Battle of Stormberg on 10 December, General Sir William Gatacre commanded 3,000 men tasked with beating the Boers' disposal expeditions from Kapma, and attempted to recapture a railway node some 80km south of the Oranje River.


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Gatacre opted to attack the Boers' positions over a steep stone wall.


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135 soldiers fell or wounded in the attack, in addition, Gatacre lost two cannons and about 600 men in surrenders.


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At the Battle of Magersfontein on 11 December, 14,000 British soldiers under Paul Sanford Methuen attempted to fight their way through the Boer lines to relieve Kimberley from the siege.


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The Boer commanders Koos de la Rey and Piet Cronjé dug their battle graves according to a preconceived plan to give their riflemen a greater range.


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Their plan worked.


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The British were beaten unchallenged and suffered losses of 120 men dead and 690 wounded, which prevented the British from relieving Kimberley and Mafeking.


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The trough throughout the week was the Battle of Colenso on 15 December, where 21,000 British troops commanded by Redvers Buller attempted to cross the Tugela River to relieve Ladysmith, where 8000 Boers commanded by Louis Botha were waiting for them.


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Thanks to a combination of cannon fire and accurate rifle fire, the Boers managed to beat any attempt by the British to cross the river.


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The British suffered losses of 1127 men and in retreat were forced to abandon 10 cannons which were later overrun by the Boers.


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The Boers suffered losses of less than 40 men.


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Second Stage: Offenwing of the British from January to September 1900 The British suffered further losses in their attempts to retake Ladysmith at the Battle of Spionkop 19.


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January 19-24, 1900.


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Redvers Buller tried again to cross the Tugela River west of Colenso, but his troops were again beaten by Louis Botha.


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After the battle, the British had suffered losses of about 1000 fallen, with the Boers suffering losses of about 300 fallen.


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Buller tried one more time on 5 February at Val Krantz, but suffered another defeat.


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It was not until 14 February when reinforcements arrived that the British under Lord Frederick Roberts were able to launch a counter-attack to relieve the garrisons.


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On 15 February, Kimberly was relieved by a cavalry division led by General John French.


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At the Battle of Paardeberg from 18 to 27 February, Roberts finally beat the Boers and succeeded in forcing General Cronjé to surrender with 4000 of his men.


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This weakened the Boers' forces considerably and allowed Ladysmith to be relieved the next day.


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The liberation of Mafeking on 18 May sparked almost riotous celebrations in England.


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The British then pushed into the two states, capturing Bloemfontein, the capital of the Oranje Free State, on 13 March and Pretoria, the capital of the Transvaal, on 5 June.


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British observers believed the war was already over by the time the two capitals had been recaptured.


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However, the Boers met in the new capital, Kroonstad and planned to start a guerrilla war against the British supply and liaison lines.


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The first battle of this new warfare took place at Sanna's Post on 31 March when 1500 Boers commanded by Christiaan de Wet attacked the Bloemfontein waterworks some 37 kilometres east of the city and ambushed a heavily guarded British convoy.


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The result saw 155 British soldiers fall, 7 guns, 117 wagons captured and 428 British soldiers captured.


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One of the last official battles took place at Diamond Hill between 11 and 12 June, with Lord Roberts attempting to push even the last remnants of the Boer field army to the other side of striking distance from Pretoria.


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However, although Roberts managed to knock the Boers off the hill, Louis Botha did not see this as a defeat, as he inflicted the losses of 162 men on the Brits, suffering losses of only 50 men himself.


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This battle ended official military operations in the country and started a new form of warfare.


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Phase Three: Guerrilla War from September 1900 to May 1902 Although the Boers were beaten on the battlefield, they refused to concede defeat and many of them fled into the forests, triggering a lengthy guerrilla war that became the most brutal towards its end.


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Boer guerrillas began striking against railways and telegraph lines across the Transvaal, the Oranje Free State and even within the Kapmaa.


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Their new tactics changed the tactics of the war and rendered traditional large British formations ineffective.


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The new British commander, Lord Kitchener, responded to the challenge by constructing pile equipment surrounded by barbed wire, small buildings constructed of stone, with which he sought to restrict the movement of the guerrillas to a small area where they could be easily destroyed.


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In general, the distance between the pile equipment was about 900 meters.


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Between the pile equipment often passed iron wire wrapped around tin cans or light rockets — sometimes even loaded rifles parallel to the line — to signal movements across the line and prevent it.


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Between January 1901 and the end of the war, some 8000 pile fittings had been built for a journey of nearly 6000 miles.


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Each pile equipment was manned by a sub-officer along with about six other men.


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The lieutenant was responsible for three or four garrisons.


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Eventually the Britons had about 450,000 British and colonial troops in the country.


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In March 1901, Kitchener began using scorched earth tactics and began stripping the countryside of anything that might be useful to Boer guerrillas — cattle confiscated, crops and farms burned, wells poisoned — and forcibly relocated families who lived in the area to concentration camps.


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The tactic led by the end of the war to the destruction of 30,000 farms and about 40 small villages.


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A total of 116572 Boer men, women and children were transferred to concentration camps.


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The number was about a quarter of the total Boer population.


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In addition, about 120,000 black Africans were confined to the camps.


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This tactic quickly destroyed the Boers' will to fight and supply lines.


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By December 1901, many of those who had been sent to the camps had been allowed to leave and many of the men joined two new regiments fighting alongside the British, the Transvaal National Scouts and Orange River Volunteers, to bring the war to an end quickly.


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The war ended on 31 May 1902 [1].


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Concentration Camps Concentration Camps in the Boer War were originally established as a refuge for those who had lost their residency at the feet of the war.


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However, along with Kitchener's new tactics, more and more people were moved from their homes to camps to make servicing Boer guerrillas more difficult.


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More camps were built and converted into guarded prisons.


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The idea was first and foremost humane when it was conceived in London, but the implementation did not reach the level of the plans.


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The Boer War camps are considered to be among the first concentration camps (camps created in the American Civil War have also been said to be the first).


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Overall, 45 tented camps were built to accommodate the Boers.


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Of 28,000 captured Boer men, 25630 were sent elsewhere, mainly to Great Britain.


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Thus, most of the Boers who remained in the camps were women and children.


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[2] In the 64 camps built for black Africans, the majority were men.


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Although black Africans had been forcibly displaced from Boer areas, they were not seen as enemies of British rule and were often used as paid labour.


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Conditions in the camps were unhealthy and food rations scarce.


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The wives and children of the still fighting men received even smaller portions of food than normal.


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Poor nutritional status and hygiene led to epidemics such as measles, typhoid and dysentery.


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This, combined with a lack of hospital facilities, led to a large number of dead - a post-war report says 27927 Boers (of whom 22074 were children).


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In all, 25% of Boer prisoners perished.


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[2] In the Black camps, 14154 black Africans had died of starvation, disease and discarding.


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12% of black Africans died (recent studies put the death toll for black Africans at around 20,000 victims).


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On her return to Britain, Emily Hobhouse, a representative of the South African Women and Children's Distress Fund, went to great lengths to publicise the plight of prisoners after visiting several camps in the Oranje Free State.


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His fifteen-page report raised a public uproar and led to the creation of a government commission.


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The Fawcett Commission toured the camps from August to December 1901 and confirmed the Hobhouse report.


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They were highly critical of the care of the camps and made several suggestions for improvement, for example to improve nutrition and distribute medical care.


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By February 1902, the annual rate of death in camps fell first to 6.9% and later to 2%.


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[2] Prisoners of war sent abroad The first large number of prisoners sent abroad consisted of Boer soldiers captured by the British at the Battle of Elandslaagte on 21 October 1899.


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[3] First most Boer prisoners were kept on ships, but as the numbers grew, the British decided they did not want to keep them locally.


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The capture of 400 prisoners in February 1900 served as a key event and the British realised they were incapable of holding all prisoners in South Africa.


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[4] The British mainly feared that friendly locals might release the prisoners.


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Furthermore, the Britons already had problems servicing their own forces in South Africa and did not want to increase their burden by servicing prisoners and decided to send most of their prisoners overseas.


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The first camp deployed overseas (not on the African continent) was based at Saint Helena, where a total of about 5000 prisoners of war eventually arrived.


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A similar size number were also sent to Ceylons (Sri Lanka).


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Other prisoners of war were sent to Bermuda and India.


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Some prisoners of war were sent outside the British Empire, most [5] (1443) Boers were sent to Portugal.


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End of War Overall, the war cost about 75,000 lives.


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Of these, 22,000 were British soldiers (7792 in combat, the rest to disease), 6000-7000 were Boer soldiers, 20000-28000 Boer civilians and perhaps 20000 black Africans.


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The last Boers surrendered in May 1902 and the war ended with the Peace Treaty of Vereeniging the same month.


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The Boers were given £3000,000 in compensation and were promised to eventually gain self-government, formed under the name Union of South Africa in 1910.


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The treaty ended the existence of the Transvaal and Oranje Free State as independent Boer states and added them as parts of the British Empire.


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The impact of the war on British domestic politics The war clearly demonstrated the dangers of British policy of acquiescence and deepened Britain's closure.


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Prime Minister Lord Salisbury called the 1900 general election, also known as the “khaki election,” to accompany the enthusiasm caused by fresh victories.


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There was a lot of national enthusiasm in the country about the success of this phase of the war and the Conservative Party won the election.


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However, support waned when it became clear that the war would not be easy and would stretch.


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A fierce public polemic arose about scorched-earth tactics and conditions in concentration camps.


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It also became clear that Britain's healthcare was not in good shape: almost 40% of recruits were unfit for military service, suffering from rickets and other poverty-related illnesses.


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This all coincided with public concern about the status of Britain's poor.


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The use of Chinese laborers in the new crown colonies after the war also caused disgust in Great Britain.


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Workers were often kept in miserable conditions, received only small wages and were forbidden to interact with the local population - this led to a new public shook when homosexual cases came to light among those labourers who were unable to use prostitutes services.


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Some believe that the problem of Chinese laborers can be seen as a hood point for war-induced antipathy.


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Many Irish nationalists were sympathetic to the Boers, who saw them as a people oppressed by British imperialism just like themselves.


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A small group of Irish volunteers went out to fight alongside the Boers, despite the fact that many of their Irish landmen were fighting in the British forces.


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In England, the “Pro Boer” campaign expanded as writers often idolised Boer society.


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As a result of public unrest sparked by the treatment of the war, the 1906 general election was held, in which the Conservatives lost 246 seats in Parliament leaving them with only 156 seats and the Liberals gaining 216 more seats in a landslide victory, raising their number to 399.


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Involvement of the rest of the empire Most of the men who fought under the British flag came from Great Britain or South Africa.


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However, in the Second Boer War, a small number came from other countries of the British Empire.


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Each of these countries had their own internal disputes over whether they should remain tied to Great Britain or claim full independence.


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This dispute eventually drifted into a dispute over whether or not they should help Great Britain.


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Although the countries of the empire did not have full authority over their foreign policy, they were allowed to choose how much and in what form they would give aid.


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Eventually Canada, New Zealand and Australia each decided to send volunteers to assist the British, but did not do so quickly enough or in large enough numbers to have affected the outcome of the war.


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Canada Initially, Canadian Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier sought to keep Canada out of war.


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The Canadian government had been split in two between mainly Canadian French people opposed to participation and those who were pro-participation.


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Eventually, Canada agreed to send volunteers, material, and transport equipment to South Africa, as long as Great Britain would pay their wages and other expenses, as well as return them to Canada when their service ended.


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The Boer War was the first war in which large numbers of Canadians served overseas.


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The Battle of Paardeburg in February 1900 was the first time Canadian troops participated in the battle.


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After all, nearly 7000 Canadian volunteers served in the South African War.


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However, most did not arrive until the end of hostilities with others serving in garrisons freeing up the British to fight on the front lines.


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An estimated 277 Canadians died in the war.


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Of the Canadians, 89 fell in battle, 135 died from disease or accidents, and a further 252 were wounded.


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Australia As part of the British Empire, the Australian colonies provided soldiers for the South African War.


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At least 12000 men served in troops raised by the Six Colonies, or (from 1901 onward) the Commonwealth of Australia.


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Approximately one-third of the men enlisted twice.


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Many enlisted directly in the British South African sections or local divisions.


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About 600 Australians fell in the Boer War, about half in combat and half to disease.


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Australians served mainly in units formed from each colony, referred to as “mounted rifles”, “bushmen” or “imperial bushmen”.


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They fought in the British offensives and a long guerrilla war.


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Australian men were highly regarded for their horseback night shooting ability.


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Australians at home mainly supported the war effort, but as the war stretched, their eyes were opened to the effects of war on Boer civilians.


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In particular, they were influenced by the sentencing and execution of such persons as Lieutenants Morant and Handcock in 1902.


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New Zealand When the Second Boer War seemed threatening, New Zealand offered to send troops in support of the British.


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On 28 September 1899, Prime Minister Richard Seddon asked Parliament for permission to offer the Britons a troop of cavalry as aid and permission to assemble that unit if the offer was accepted.


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According to him, the position of the British in their dispute with the Transvaal was “restrained and fair”.


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He stressed the bond between New Zealand and the mother country and the need for a strong British Empire to protect the colonies.


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In many ways, the South African War set the framework for New Zealand's future involvement in the two world wars.


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Particularly piled up for the situation, consisting mainly of volunteers, were sent overseas to serve the needs of the British Empire.


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The success enjoyed by New Zealanders gave rise to the idea that New Zealanders were inherently good soldiers and needed little training to be able to operate reliably and efficiently.


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Sources Byron Farwell: The Great Anglo-Boer War.


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New York: Harper and Row, 1976 ISBN 0-06-011204-2 (published in the UK as The Great Boer War.


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London: Allen Lane, 1977 ISBN 0-7139-0820-3) April A. Gordon and Donald L. Gordon (eds.


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): Understanding contemporary Africa.


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3rd ed.


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Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner, 2001 ISBN 1-55587-850-4 David Harrison: The white tribe of Africa: South Africa in perspective.


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Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1981 ISBN 0-520-04690-0 Thomas Pakenham: The Boer War.


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New York: Random House, 1979 ISBN 0-394-42742-4 Sol T. Plaatje: Mafeking diary: a black man's view of a white man's war.


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Cambridge: Meridor Books; Athens: Ohio University Press, 1990.


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ISBN 0-85255-064-2 (Meridor) ISBN 0-8214-0944-1 (Ohio UP).


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Originally published as The Boer War diary of Sol T. Plaatje; an African at Mafeking (Johannesburg: Macmillan, 1973 ISBN 0-86954-002-5) by Arthur Conan Doyle: The Great Boer War.


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London: Smith, Elder, 1900 References On the topic elsewhere Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) (accessed 24 December 2003) Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


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Question: When was the Boer War fought?

Second Boer War

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Question: When was the Boer War fought?

Second Boer War

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Question: When was the Boer War fought?

Second Boer War

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Question: When was the Boer War fought?

Second Boer War

Category:Boer War Category:Guerrilla Wars Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Where was Gordianus I born?

Gordian I

Mark Antony Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus Africanus (ca.


Question: Where was Gordianus I born?

Gordian I

159 — 12 April 238 [1]), often Gordianus I, was Roman Emperor in 238.


Question: Where was Gordianus I born?

Gordian I

He was the father of Emperor Gordianus II and maternal father of Emperor Gordianus III.


Question: Where was Gordianus I born?

Gordian I

[2] He served as emperor for about three weeks.


Question: Where was Gordianus I born?

Gordian I

He committed suicide after learning that he was losing in Carthage and that his son Gordianus II had died.


Question: Where was Gordianus I born?

Gordian I

Birth and life before the Empire Gordianus I was born around the year 159.


Question: Where was Gordianus I born?

Gordian I

Not much is known about his early life, but the unusual cognomen “Gordianus” suggests that his genus would have been native to Asia Minor, perhaps from the city of Gordian.


Question: Where was Gordianus I born?

Gordian I

[3] The family was rich but probably did not belong to the Roman senatorial elite.


Question: Where was Gordianus I born?

Gordian I

Gordianus' praenomen “Mark” and nomen “Antony” again suggest that his lineage would have received Roman citizenship from Mark Antony.


Question: Where was Gordianus I born?

Gordian I

It is known that a woman named Sempronia Romana, who was the daughter of civil servant Sempronius Aquila, commissioned a cartoon inscription to Ankara in memory of her dead and unknown husband.


Question: Where was Gordianus I born?

Gordian I

The exact date of the drawing inscription is not known, but the woman's name would suggest that she would have been a relative of Gordianus, perhaps a mother or grandmother.


Question: Where was Gordianus I born?

Gordian I

Gordianus also had at least two children: Mark Antony Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus, or Gordianus II, and a daughter who was the mother of Gordianus III.


Question: Where was Gordianus I born?

Gordian I

According to Historia Augusta, the daughter's name was Maecia Faustina and Gordianus would have had yet another son, but no evidence has been found to support these claims.


Question: Where was Gordianus I born?

Gordian I

[2] [4] Gordianus might be the same proconsul Antony Gordianus to whom Flavius Philostratus dedicates his work Life of the Sophists.


Question: Where was Gordianus I born?

Gordian I

According to Philostratus, Antony Gordianus was a descendant of the sophist Herod Atticus, who lived in the 10th century.


Question: Where was Gordianus I born?

Gordian I

This is unlikely, but scholars have suggested that the person mentioned by Philostratus is Gordianus' son Gordianus II, who would have married the granddaughter of Herod Atticus.


Question: Where was Gordianus I born?

Gordian I

It has also been suggested that Philostratus would not have meant by “father” a biological father but a teacher, in which case Gordianus I would have studied as a pupil of Herod Atticus in his youth.


Question: Where was Gordianus I born?

Gordian I

[2] According to Historia Augusta, Gordianus wrote an epic poem dealing with the reigns of Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius.


Question: Where was Gordianus I born?

Gordian I

This cannot be proven, but it is possible that Gordianus' career was furthered by his rhetorical and literary skills.


Question: Where was Gordianus I born?

Gordian I

[2] Gordianus' political career was unusual, as his family did not belong to the elite of senators.


Question: Where was Gordianus I born?

Gordian I

Drawing inscriptions found in Britain indicate that Gordianus served as landlord of Britannia Inferior in 216.


Question: Where was Gordianus I born?

Gordian I

It was not until the age of 60 that he received the honour of being consul when he was appointed additional consul (consul suffectus, meaning took office in the middle of the year) probably under Emperor Elagabalus.


Question: Where was Gordianus I born?

Gordian I

Gordianus may also have served as land lord of Syria Coele and the province of Achaea during his career, as well as commanding Legio IV Scythica, stationed near Antioch.


Question: Where was Gordianus I born?

Gordian I

During the term of Emperor Maximinus Thrax, in 237 or 238, Gordianus, aged about 80, was appointed proconsul of the province of Africa.


Question: Where was Gordianus I born?

Gordian I

[3] [2] Rise to emperor throughout his term Emperor Maximinus had waged war with his army against the Germans in the north.


Question: Where was Gordianus I born?

Gordian I

However, the war required plenty of money, and taxes had to be raised to cover the costs.


Question: Where was Gordianus I born?

Gordian I

Maxinus also disliked senators and believed they committed many crimes.


Question: Where was Gordianus I born?

Gordian I

Several senators were executed or imprisoned and their properties confiscated.