Question: How is hermeneutics used?

Hermeneutics

Schering wrote several books on the interpretation of Ludwig van Beethoven's music.


Question: How is hermeneutics used?

Hermeneutics

— Among Finnish scholars, hermeneutics in music have been examined by Nils-Eric Ringbom in his doctoral dissertation Über die Deutbarkeit der Tonkunst (1955) and Kai Karma.


Question: How is hermeneutics used?

Hermeneutics

[4] See also Analytic hermeneutics Deconstruction Discourse analysis Exegetics Philology Hermeneutic theology Literary criticism Literary theory Qualitative study Bible hermeneutics Prescription aesthetics Semiotics Philosophy of science Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Bleicher, Josef| title = Contemporary Hermeneutics: Hermeneutics as Method, Philosophy and Critique| location = London| publisher = Routledge| year = 1980}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Gadamer, Hans-Georg| title = Hermeneutics: Understanding in Sciences and Philosophy| location = Tampere| publisher = Equipois| year = 2004| version = Selected and translated by Ismo Nikander| id = ISBN 951-768-132-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author title = Grondin, Jean| = Introduction to Philosophical Hermeneutics| location = New Haven| publisher = Yale University Press| year = 1994}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Gruber, Gernot — Mauser, Siegfried (ed.


Question: How is hermeneutics used?

Hermeneutics

) | title = Musikalische Hermeneutik im Entwurf: Thesen und Diskussionen| location = Laaber| publisher = Laaber-Verlag| year = 1994| version = Schriften zur musikalischen Hermeneutik, 1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hoy, David Couzens| title = The Critical Circle: Literature, History, and Philosophical Hermeneutics| location = Berkeley| publisher = University of California Press| year = 1982}} Inwood, M. J.: “Hermeneutics”, in Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Honderich, Ted (ed.


Question: How is hermeneutics used?

Hermeneutics

) | title = The Oxford Companion to Philosophy| location = Oxford| publisher = Oxford University Press| year = 2005| version= Second edition| id = ISBN 0-19-926479-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jauss, Hans Robert| title = Ästhetische Erfahrung und literarische Hermeneutik| location = Frankfurt a. M.| publisher = Suhrkamp| year = 1982}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kusch, Martin| title = Challenge of Understanding| location = Oulu| publisher = Norther| year = 1986| id = ISBN 951-749-042-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Oesch, Erna| title = Interpretation: Informational Basics of Interpretation in Modern and Philosophical Hermeneutics| location = Tampere| publisher = University of Tampere, philosophy| year = 1994| version = Philosophical Studies at Tampere University 53| id = ISBN 951-44-3556-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ricœur, Paul| title = Du Texte à l'action: Essais d'hermenéutique II| location = Paris| publisher = Éditions du Seuil| year = 1986| id = ISBN 2-02-009377-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Stronger, Carlo| title = Hermener Science| location = Madison| publisher = International Universities Press| year = 1991}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Plot, Jarkko (ed.


Question: How is hermeneutics used?

Hermeneutics

) | title = From interpretation to interpretation: Essays on hermeneutics| location = Tampere| publisher = Equipoino| year = 2005| id = ISBN 951-768-152-6}} References on the topic elsewhere Plot, Jarkko: so & thus 3/2002 Oesch, Erna:.


Question: How is hermeneutics used?

Hermeneutics

so & thus 2/1994, 9—12.


Question: How is hermeneutics used?

Hermeneutics

Oesch, Erna:.


Question: How is hermeneutics used?

Hermeneutics

so & thus 2/1996, 14—17.


Question: How is hermeneutics used?

Hermeneutics

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Question: How is hermeneutics used?

Hermeneutics

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Question: How is hermeneutics used?

Hermeneutics

Palmer, Richard E.:, lecture, April 1, 1999 Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: How is hermeneutics used?

Hermeneutics

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Question: How is hermeneutics used?

Hermeneutics

entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Vattimo, Gianni:.


Question: How is hermeneutics used?

Hermeneutics

English. Jussi Vähämäki.


Question: How is hermeneutics used?

Hermeneutics

so & thus 3/1995, 38—41.


Question: How is hermeneutics used?

Hermeneutics

Väkeva, Lauri: Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Who was Time magazine's Person of the Year in 1994?

person of the year

Person of the Year (prior to 2000 Man of the Year) is the person chosen annually by Time magazine in the United States who has had the greatest impact on the year's events.


Question: Who was Time magazine's Person of the Year in 1994?

person of the year

However, the recipient of the award may not be one person or even a person.


Question: Who was Time magazine's Person of the Year in 1994?

person of the year

The magazine has at times provoked astonishment with its choices, such as Adolf Hitler or Josif Stalin.


Question: Who was Time magazine's Person of the Year in 1994?

person of the year

However, the choice is not a title or recognition, but the person who made the greatest impact during the year.


Question: Who was Time magazine's Person of the Year in 1994?

person of the year

However, Time abandoned its principle in 2001, when New York Mayor Rudolph Giuliani rather than Osama bin Laden was chosen as Person of the Year.


Question: Who was Time magazine's Person of the Year in 1994?

person of the year

Also, the fact that Mark Zuckerberg, the founder of Facebook, was chosen as the 2010 Person of the Year, rather than WikiLeaks' Julian Assange, who received 20 times as many votes in an online vote, was speculated as a concession to the US administration and the public because 2/3 of the US are in favour of condemning Assange.


Question: Who was Time magazine's Person of the Year in 1994?

person of the year

[1] Albert Einstein was chosen in the last issue of 1999 as the Person of the Century.


Question: Who was Time magazine's Person of the Year in 1994?

person of the year

Persons of the Year Sources Category:Press Category:Honours


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (listen; 15 April 1452 in Vinci, Tuscany, Church State — 2 May 1519 in Amboise, Indre-et-Loire, France) was an Italian scientist, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, painter, sculptor, architect, botanist, musician and writer.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo has often been described as the archetype of the “Renaissance man”, a man whose apparent infinite level of curiosity was only elevated by his powers of inventor.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[1] He is widely regarded as one of the greatest painters of all time and perhaps the most versatile talented person of all time.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[2] Leonardo da Vinci was born out of wedlock as the son of notary Piero da Vinci and country girl Caterina in Vinci in the Florence region.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

He received his education in the atelier of Verrocchio, a distinguished Florentine painter, and for much of the early part of his working life was employed by Ludovico il Moro in Milan.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

He later worked in Rome, Bologna and Venice, and spent his final years in France in a home donated to him by King Francis I.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo was known and still known especially as a painter.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Two of his works, the Mona Lisa and Holy Communion, have a unique status as the most famous, reproduced and parodied portrait and religious painting of all ages.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Their fame is only approached by Michelangelo's creation of Adam.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[1] Leonardo's drawing of the man of Vitruvius is also considered iconic.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Perhaps only fifteen volumes of his paintings have survived, as he was constantly experimenting with new techniques, often disastrously, and he found it difficult to complete his works.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[3] These few works, together with his notes, which include drawings, scientific diagrams, and ideas on the nature of the art of painting, constitute such a significant contribute to later artists that only his contemporaries Michelangelo can compete with it.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

As an engineer, Leonardo's ideas were considerably ahead of their time.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

He developed a helicopter, a tank, a solar power plant, a calculator, a double hull, and a large-scale theory of plate tectonics.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Relatively few of his designs were implemented or could be implemented during his lifetime, [4] but some of his smaller inventions were introduced, such as an automatic bobbin coil and a machine for experimenting with wire tensile strength.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[5] As a scientist, he made considerable contributions to the development of anatomy, civil engineering, optics, and hydrodynamics.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Biography Childhood, 1452—1466 Leonardo was born on 15 April 1452 “in the third hour of the night” [6] in the Tuscan hill town of Vinci in the valley of the Arno River in the Florence region.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

For his first five years he lived in the nearby village of Anchiano.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[7] He was the son born out of wedlock to the Florentine notary Messer Piero Fruosino di Antonio da Vinci and the peasant's daughter Caterina.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[8] [9] Caterina's personal history is not known, and various theories have been put forward about it, such as that she would have been a slave from the Middle East or Africa, or an orphan girl who lived near Vinci.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[10] [11] [12] Leonardo did not have a surname similar to the present: “da Vinci” simply means “from Vinci”, and his full birth name belonged to “Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci”, meaning “Leonardo, (Mes) son of Ser Piero from Vinci”.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

There is little surviving information about his childhood, but assumptions have been made about it by Giorgio Vasari and others.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[13] [7] At the age of five, he moved to the home of his father, grandparents and uncle Francesco in Vinci, where his father had married a 16-year-old girl named Albiera.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Albiera loved Leonardo but died early.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[14] Leonardo later recorded only two coincidences from his childhood.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Another he considered an omen: a kite fell from the sky and hovered above his cradle so that its tail feathers hit his face.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[14] Another coincidence occurred while he was on an expedition in the mountains.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

He found the cave, and said that he felt fear of the monster that might be living inside the cave, on the other hand, but curiosity to find out what was in the cave.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[14] Giorgio Vasari, a writer of Renaissance-era painter biographies who lived in the 16th century, describes how a local peasant asked Ser Piero to ask his talented son if he could paint a picture on a circular plate.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo drew up a painting of fire-spitting snakes that were so frightening that Ser Piero sold the painting to a Florentine art dealer, who in turn sold it to the Duke of Milan.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

After receiving money from the painting, Ser Piero bought a plaque on which a heart pierced by an arrow was depicted and which he gave to the peasant.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[15] In Verrocchio's workshop, 1466—1476 In 1466, at the age of fourteen, Leonardo was admitted as an apprentice to the atelier of Andrea di Cioni known as Verrochio.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

He was one of the most successful artists of his time.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

The prestigious master's workshop was at the centre of Florence's civilisation, which ensured the young Leonardo a humanistic education.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Artists attached to the atelier or who studied there, who also became famous, included Ghirlandaio, Perugino, Botticelli and Lorenzo di Credi.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[14] [16] In a Renaissance-era atelier similar to Verrocchio's workshop, artists were primarily regarded as craftsmen, and only a master — such as Verrocchio — had high social standing.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

The workshop's products included decorated jousting shields, painted dowry chests, christening platters, votive tiles, small portraits, and religious images.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Important orders included altarpieces for churches and memorial statues.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

The most notable works were frescoes for chapels, such as the frescoes created by Ghirlandaio and his atelier for the Tornabuon Chapel, and large statues such as the equestrian statues of Donatello's Gattemelata and Verrocchio's statue of Bartolomeo Colleoni.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[17] As an apprentice, Leonardo was most likely trained in various skills needed in the traditional workshop of the time.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Although many craftsmen specialise in frame-making, gilding or bronze casting, Leonardo probably got acquainted with a wide range of techniques and had the opportunity to learn technical drawing, chemistry, metallurgy, metalwork, plaster casting, leatherwork, mechanics and carpentry skills in addition to self-evident artistic skills such as drawing, painting, sculpting and modelling.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[18] [19] [20] Although Verrocchio appears to have run a prolific and efficient atelier, he was primarily a goldsmith and metalworker.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[16] Most of the paintings in the atelier were the production of his employees, and he can only be verified as the author of a sparse painting.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

According to Vasari, Leonardo did one of them, the baptism of Christ, in collaboration with Verrocchio.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

According to Vasari, Leonardo painted the young angel who held onto Jesus's robe so much better than his master that Verrocchio lowered his brush and never painted again.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[15] This is probably an exaggeration.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Upon close examination, it can be observed that a large number of corrections have been painted over the tempera layer of the work using the new oil painting technique.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

The landscape, the rocks seen through a brown mountain creek and much of the figure of Jesus originate from Leonardo's hand.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[8] Another creation of Verrocchio essential to the young Leonardo is the bronze statue of David, which is today kept in the Bargello Museum.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

According to tradition, it was modelled on the atelier's apprentice Leonardo.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[8] If this is true, Leonardo dressed in the figure of David was a slender and muscular boy, remarkably different from the round androgynous David made by Verrocchio's teacher Donatello, and to whom Verrocchio's sculpture is often compared.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[21] It has also been suggested that in the painting of Archangel Michael Verrocchio, Tobias and the Angel, would be a portrait of Leonardo.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[8] Little information has been recorded from this period of Leonardo's life.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

One example is his earliest dated work, a drawing in ink of the Arno Valley with the date 5 August 1473.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[22] [16] By 1472, at the age of 20, Leonardo was qualified to serve as a master in the Guild of St. Luke of Artists and Physicians.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[23] However, even after his father had set up his own workshop for him, he was so attached to Verrocchio that he continued to cooperate with him.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[14] Working life, 1476—1513 It is assumed that Leonardo had his own workshop in Florence between 1476 and 1481.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[8] According to court protocols of 1476, he was tried with three other young men for sodomy, [24] but all were acquitted.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[25] From then until 1478, no records of his work or even his whereabouts have survived.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[26] In 1478 an altarpiece was commissioned from him for the chapel of St. Bernard.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

In 1481, the monks of San Donato a Scopito commissioned from him the Bowing of Kings.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

The following year Leonardo, who was a very talented musician according to Vasari, [27] made a silver horse head-shaped lyre.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Lorenzo de' Medici was so impressed by it that he decided to send the lyre and its maker to Milan to ensure peace with Ludovico il Moro, Duke of Milan.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[28] Around the same time Leonardo wrote an oft-quoted letter to Ludovico describing the numerous wondrous things he could achieve in the field of engineering and told him he was also capable of painting.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[29] [16] Leonardo did much of his work in Milan from 1482 until 1499, when King Louis XII of France occupied the city.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

There, two of his most famous works were commissioned from him, the Cave Madonna for the Brotherhood of the Virgin Nativity and the Holy Communion for the Monastery of Santa Maria delle Grazie.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[14] While living in Milan between 1493 and 1495, Leonardo lists a woman named Caterina among his sufferers in his tax documents.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Caterina died in 1495, and based on the detailed list of expenditure for her funeral, she was Leonardo's mother rather than a servant girl.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[30] [14] Leonardo worked for Ludovico on several different projects.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

These included preparing stages and competitions for special occasions, designing a dome for Milan Cathedral and making a model of a huge equestrian statue by Francesco Sforza, Ludovico's predecessor.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo made a model of a huge horse from clay, which began to be called “Gran Cavallo”.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

It was larger than the only two Renaissance-period equestrian statues, Donatello's statue of Gattemelata in Padua and Verrocchio's statue of Bartolomeo Colleoni in Venice.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[16] [31] Seventy tons of bronze were reserved for casting it.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

The monument was left unfinished for several years, which was not at all unusual for Leonardo.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

In 1492, a clay model of the horse was completed, and Leonardo already made detailed plans for its casting.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[16] Michelangelo rudely implied that Leonardo was incapable of casting it.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[14] In November 1494, Ludovico issued a bronze for the manufacture of canons to defend the city against an attack by Charles VIII.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[16] In 1499 Charles VIII's successor Louis XII returned to conquer Milan.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

The French invasion force used the full-size clay model of “Gran Cavallo” as a target while practicing firing.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

After Ludovico Sforza had been deposed, Leonardo fled with his assistant Salai and friend mathematician Luca Pacioli to Venice, where he obtained work as a military architect and engineer.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

He devised ways to defend the city from a sea invasion.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[14] [8] On his return to Florence in 1500, he and his household were taken as guests of the Servite monks to the monastery of Santissima Annunziata and were given a workshop where, according to Vasari, Leonardo created a drawing of a virgin and child with St. Anna and John the Baptist.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

The sketch received such admiration that “men and women, young and old” flocked to see it “as if they were attending a great festival”.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[15] [32] In 1502 Leonardo entered the service of Pope Alexander VI's son Cesare Borgia as a military architect and engineer, travelling around Italy with his employer.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[8] He returned to Florence, where he rejoined the Guild of St. Luke on 18 October 1503, and spent two years designing and painting the large Battle of Anghiari mural for Signoria.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[8] Michelangelo designed its companion to the Battle of Cascina.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[33] In Florence in 1504 he was a member of a committee that had been set up to transfer Michelangelo to David against the artist's will.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[34] In 1506 he returned to Milan, which had fallen into the hands of Massimiliano Sforza, after Swiss mercenaries had driven the French out of the city.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Many of Leonardo's most prominent painter pupils or followers either knew him or worked with him in Milan.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[14] They included Bernardino Luini, Giovanni Antonio Boltraffio and Marco D'Oggione.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[35] However, he did not stay in Milan long, as his father had died in 1504, and by 1507 he had returned to Florence to sort out his father's farm problems with his brothers.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

By the following year at the latest, he had returned again to Milan and was living in his own house in the Porta Orientale in the Santa Babila district.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[8] Old age and death From September 1513 to 1516 Leonardo spent much of his time at the Vatican Belvedere in Rome, where both Rafael and Michelangelo were active.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[8] In October 1515, Frans I of France recaptured Milan.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[36] On 19 December Leonardo was present at the meeting between Francis I and Pope Leo X, which took place in Bologna.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[14] [37] [38] Frans ordered from Leonardo a mechanical lion capable of walking forward and opening his chest to reveal a bouquet of lilies.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[15] [39] In 1516 he entered Frans' service and at his disposal was given the manor of Clos Lucé near the king's residence, Amboise Castle.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

There he spent the last three years of his life with his friend and student Francesco Melzi.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

He received a pension of 10,000 scudo.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[8] Leonardo died in Clos Lucé, France on 2 May 1519.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Francis I had become his close friend.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Vasari explains that the king held Leonardo's head in his arms when he died, but this story, loved by the French and depicted in their romantic paintings by Ingres, Ménageot and other French artists, may be a legend rather than a true story.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[40] Vasari also tells us that in his last days Leonardo invited a priest to make a confession of sin and receive the holy sacrament.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[15] In accordance with his will, his coffin was followed by 60 beggars.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

He was buried in the chapel of Saint-Hubert in Amboise Castle.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Melzi was Leonardo's principal heir and executor of his will; in addition to money, he received Leonardo's paintings, implements, a library and personal items.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo also remembered his other long-time pupil and companion Salai and his servant, Battista di Vilussi, who each received half of Leonardo's vineyards, his brothers who inherited land, and a handmaid who inherited a good black robe with fur trim.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[41] Relations and influences Florence — artistic and social background Leonardo began as Verrocchio's apprentice in 1466, the same year that Verrocchio's master, the great sculptor Donatello died.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

The painter Uccello, whose early experiments with perspective influenced the development of landscape painting, was an extremely old man.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Painters Piero della Francesca and Fra Filippo Lippi, sculptor Luca della Robbia, and architect and writer Leon Battista Alberti were sixty years old.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Successful artists of the next generation included Leonardo's teacher Verrocchio, Antonio Pollaiuolo and sculptor Mino da Fiesole, whose vivid busts most closely resemble Lorenzo de' Medici's father Piero and uncle Giovanni.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[42] [43] [44] Leonardo spent his youth in Florence, decorated with the works of these artists and Donatello's contemporaries.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

The latter included Masaccio, whose figurative frescoes exuded realism and feeling, and Ghiberti, whose Gates of Paradise shone with leaf gold and served as an example of combining complex character bombings with detailed architecture.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Piero della Francesca had made a detailed study of perspective and was the first painter to devise a scientific study of light.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

These studies and Albert's work De re aedificatoria had a profound influence on younger artists and especially Leonardo's own observations and works.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[42] [43] [44] Massaccio's depiction of Adam and Eve leaving paradise naked and suffering was powerfully expressive, using light and shadow cast in three dimensions as an image of the human body.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo developed the use of light and shadow in his works in a way that had a significant influence on the direction of the art of painting.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

The humanistic influence of David of Donatello can be seen in Leonardo's later works, especially John the Baptist.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[42] A common tradition in Florence was the use of a small altarpiece showing a virgin and child.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Many of them were created in the workshops of Filippo Lippi, Verrocchio and the notable della Robbia family, using tempera or glazed terracotta.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[42] Leonardo's early Madonnas, such as Madonna and Carnation and Madonna Benois, followed this tradition, differing from them however in an original way, especially in the case of Madonna Benois, where the virgin is set at an oblique view of the image plane and Christ is at an opposite angle looking at him.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo also used this method of composition in his later paintings, such as the Virgin Mary, the Child Jesus, the Lamb and Saint Anna.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[14] Leonardo was a contemporary of Botticelli, Domenico Ghirlandaio and Pietro Perugino, but they were all slightly older than him.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

He probably met them in Verrocchio's workshop, as they had relations with Verrocchio, and at the Medici Academy.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[14] Botticelli was a particular favourite of the Medici family, so his success as a painter was guaranteed.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Ghirlandaio and Perugino were both prolific, and had large ateliers.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

They brilliantly executed orders for contented mesenades who appreciated Ghirlandaio's ability to portray the prosperous citizens of Florence in religious frescoes and Perugino's ability to paint numerous saints and angels as unmistakably mairs and innocents.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[42] These three artists were among those commissioned to paint the walls of the Sistine Chapel.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Work began with the hiring of Perugino in 1479.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo took no part in this valuable commissioned work.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

His first major order, the Bowing of Kings to the monks of Scopito, was never completed.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[14] In 1476, while Leonardo was based in Verrocchio's workshop, Hugo van der Goes arrived in Florence and brought the Portinari altarpiece and new painting techniques from Central Europe.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

They had a profound influence on Leonardo, Ghirlandaio, Perugino and other artists.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

In 1479, the Sicilian painter Antonello da Messina, working comprehensively with oil paints, travelled north to Venice, where the leading painter Giovanni Bellini adopted oil painting.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

It soon became the most popular way of painting in Venice.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo also visited Venice later.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[44] Like the two architects of the time, Donato Bramante and Antonio da Sangallo the Elder, Leonardo experimented with designing central churches, several of which are described in his diaries as both floor plans and view pictures.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

However, none of them were ever implemented.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[42] [45] Politicians of Leonardo's time included Lorenzo de' Medici (il Magnifico), who was three years older than him, and Lorenzo's popular younger brother Giuliano, who was slain in the Pazzi conspiracy in 1478.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Ludovico il Moro, who ruled Milan from 1479 to 1499 and to whom Leonardo was sent by the Medici court, was also of Leonardo's age.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[42] [43] With Albert, Leonardo visited the Medici and, through them, became acquainted with senior humanist philosophers, the most notable of whom included Marsilio Ficino, a proponent of Neo-Platonism, Cristoforo Landino, author of commentaries on ancient works, and Johannes Argyropoulos, Greek teacher of language and translator of Aristotle.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo's contemporary, the brilliant young poet and philosopher Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, was also attached to the Medici Academy.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[44] [46] Leonardo later wrote in the margin of his diary: “The Medicis made me and the Medicis destroyed me”.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Although Leonardo received his prominent Milanese orders through Lorenzo, it is not known what Leonardo by his commentary meant.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[14] Although they are usually named together as the three giants of the peak Renaissance period, Leonardo, Michelangelo and Rafael did not belong to the same generation.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo was 23 years old when Michelangelo was born, and 31 when Rafael was born.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Rafael, who died young, perished in 1520, a year after Leonardo, but Michelangelo continued his creation for another 45 years.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[43] [44] Private Life Leonardo had many friends known today for their historical notability or success in his field.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

They included the mathematician Luca Pacioli, with whom Leonardo was compiling a book in the 1490s, and Cesare Borgia, with whom he was employed from 1502 to 1503.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

At the same time, he also met Niccolò Machiavelli, whom he later became close friends with.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

His friends also included Franchinus Gaffurius and Isabella d'Este.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo does not appear to have had close friendships with women except for Isabella d'Este.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

He drew a portrait of Isabella on her way through Mantua.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

The image was apparently used as a sketch of a lost painting.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[14] Apart from friendships, Leonardo kept his private life a secret.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

In his own lifetime, his wondrous inventorial talents, his “brilliant physical beauty”, his “infinite feather”, his “great strength and generosity”, “his royal spirit, and his immense scope of mind”, as Vasari described his qualities, [15] aroused the interest of others.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Many writers have considered different features of Leonardo's persona.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Her sexuality has often been explored, analyzed and considered.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

The trend began in the mid-16th century and was revived in the 19th and 20th centuries especially by Sigmund Freud.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[47] Leonardo was twice before the “Gli Ufficiali di Notte” (Clerks of the Night) on charges of sleeping with a young man.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

The charges were repeated similar only every few weeks, but he was not convicted, probably because the co-accused were from power lineages.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo was of the opinion that eroticism is one of the greatest forces in art.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

In his notes, he wrote that the art of painting is superior to poetry because poets can only depict love, but painters can make it light up.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo's lost Leda painting brought new eroticism to depicting the myth of lovemaking — even so much so that the owner of the fake knife painting destroyed it.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[48] The most intimate relationships Leonardo perhaps had with his students Salai and Melz.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Melzi wrote that Leonardo's feelings for her were both loving and passionate.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Until the 16th century, it has been argued that relationships were erotic in nature.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Since then, plenty have been written about Leonardo's supposed homosexuality and its role in his art, particularly the androgyny and eroticism of the characters of John the Baptist and Bacchus, and many more unchaste drawings.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[49] In a preserved sketch he had drawn John the Baptist in a sturdy erection.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[48] Assistants and pupils Giorgio Vasari described Gian Giacomo Caprotti da Oreno, who was known by the nicknames il Salaino (“the little devil”) or Salai, as “a sweet and beautiful youth with fine curly hair and whom Leonardo greatly enjoyed”.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[15] Il Salaino entered the Leonardo household in 1490 at the age of ten.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Their relationship was not easy.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

A year later, Leonardo made a list of the boy's coltos, calling him “a thief, a liar, a stubborn and a glutton,” after he had run away at least five times carrying money and valuables and spending a fortune on clothes that included 24 pairs of shoes.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[50] Despite this, Leonardo's notebooks contain several images of the handsome, curly-haired youth from the early days of their relationship.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Salai remained Leonardo's companion, servant and assistant for the next thirty years.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[8] In 1506 Leonardo took as his pupil Count Francesco Melzi, the fifteen-year-old son of a Lombard nobleman.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Melz became Leonardo's life partner and has been considered Leonardo's favourite pupil.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

He travelled to France with Leonardo and Salai and remained with Leonardo until his death.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[14] However, Salai left France in 1518 and returned to Milan, where he built a house as part of a vineyard owned by Leonardo, which he eventually inherited.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

In 1525, he died violently, either as a result of murder or duel.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[51] Salai made several paintings under the name of Andrea Salai, but although Vasari claims Leonardo “taught him profusely about the art of painting”, [15] his works are generally regarded as less meritorious than those of Leonardo's other pupils such as Marco d'Oggione and Boltraffio.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

In 1515, she painted a nude version of the Mona Lisa, known as Monna Vanna.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[52] Salai owned the Mona Lisa when he died in 1525, and his will estimated its value at 505 lire, an extraordinary amount for a small portrait on a wooden board.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[51] Works Although more recently there has been interest and admiration in Leonardo's talents as a scientist and inventor, for almost four hundred years his immense reputation relied on his achievements as a painter and works known to have been painted by him and considered some of the finest masterpieces ever created.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[53] These paintings are famous for their several different features, which have been imitated by their pupils and which have been richly discussed by art connoisseurs and critics.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Unique Leonardo's works are because of the inventive painting techniques he used, as well as because he had detailed knowledge of anatomy, light, botany and biology.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

He was interested in physiognomy and the way people express their emotions through facial expressions and gestures.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

He also used the human body regeneratively in compositions and subtly changed the shades.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

These traits combine in his most famous works, the Mona Lisa, Holy Communion and Cave Madonna.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[54] Early works Leonardo's first works include the baptism of Christ, which he painted together with Verrocchio.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Two other works, both Marian apparitions, also appear to have originated from his time on Verrocchio's bottega.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

The second is a small work, 59 centimeters wide and 14 centimeters high.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

It is a “predella” intended at the root of a larger work, in this case the context of a painting by Lorenzo di Credi, from which it has fallen apart.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

The second piece is considerably larger, 217 inches wide.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[8] In both Marian apparitions, Leonardo has used formulaic placement, as in Fra Angelico's two well known images of the same subject.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

The Virgin Mary sits or kneels on the right side of the work, and she is approached from the left flank by a depicted angel wearing ample clothing, raised wings and a lily flower.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Although the work was previously considered to have been painted by Ghirlandaio, today it is commonly attributed to Leonardo.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[55] In the smaller picture Mary looks away and places her hand on her side to express her submission to God's will.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

In the larger picture, however, Maria is not the slightest bit submissive.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

A beautiful girl, interrupted by a surprising emissary of reading, places her finger on the bible to mark a missed passage and raises her hand when surprised or greeted formally.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[42] A calm young woman seems to accept her status as Mother of God with self-assurance instead of humbling.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

In the painting, Leonardo gives the Virgin Mary a humanistic face, acknowledging humanity's role in the Incarnation of God.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[56] In the 1480s in the 1480s Leonardo received two very important orders and began work which was also of pioneering importance to composition.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Of the three works, however, two were never completed, and painting the third took so long that lengthy negotiations had to take place over its completion and payment.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

One of these paintings is Saint Hieronymus.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Bortolon attributes the work to the difficult period of Leonardo's life and the expression of melancholy in his diary: “I thought I was learning to live; I learned only to die.” [14] Although barely begun, its very peculiar composition is plain to see.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[57] Hieronymus is set repentant in the centre of the painting slightly askew, and is seen somewhat above.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

His kneeling figure forms a trapezoid, his other arm extends to the edge of the painting and he looks in the opposite direction.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

J. Wasserman points out a connection between painting and Leonardo's anatomical studies.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[36] In the foreground lies the symbol of Hieronymus, a large lion whose torso and tail form a double spiral across the lower part of the figure.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Another notable feature is the rugged stone landscape against which the figure is set.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Also in the large, uncompleted masterpiece, The Bowing of Kings has been boldly used for composition, landscape elements and personal drama.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

It was an order from the monks of San Donato a Scopito.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Its composition is extremely complex in a square about 250 inches wide.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo made numerous drawings and sketching treatises for the painting, which included a detailed sketch in a line perspective of the painting's ruined ancient architecture associated as part of the background.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

However, in 1482 Leonardo left for Milan at the behest of Lorenzo de' Medici in order to win Ludovico il Moro on his side, and the painting found itself abandoned.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[55] [8] The third major work of the period is the Cave Madonna, commissioned by the Brotherhood of the Virgin Nativity in Milan.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

The painting came to be done in collaboration with the de Predis brothers, and was intended to fill a large and intricate altarpiece that had already been built.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[36] Leonardo decided to paint an apocryphal moment from Christ's childhood when John the Baptist met as a child his family on the road to Egypt.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

In a scene painted by Leonardo, John recognizes the Jesus Child as Christ and worships him.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

The painting looks eerily beautiful as adorable figures kneel to admire Jesus in a wild landscape of rock formations and flowing water.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[58] Although the painting is quite large, about 200 times 120 centimeters, it is not at all as complex as the work commissioned by the monks of San Donato: instead of fifty figures and detailed architecture, it has only four persons and a rocky natural landscape.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

The painting was eventually completed; in fact, two versions were made of it, one of which remained in the fraternity's chapel and the other Leonardo took with him to France.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[8] [16] 1490s Leonardo's most famous work from the 1490s is Holy Communion, which was also painted in Milan.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

The painting depicts the last meal Jesus enjoyed with his disciples before his capture and death.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

It describes the very moment when Jesus said “one of you will betray me.”


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo tells in his painting the story of the consternation that the phrase aroused among Jesus' twelve followers.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[16] Writer Matteo Bandello observed Leonardo's work and wrote that on some days he painted until sunset without stopping to eat, but then interrupted the painting for three or four days at a time.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[36] According to Vasari, the Prior of the monastery did not understand this and disturbed Leonardo until he asked Ludovico to intervene.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Vasari describes how Leonardo was concerned about his ability to depict the faces of Christ's disciples and Judas passably and told the prince that he might have to use Prior as his model.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[15] When the painting was completed, it was hailed as a masterpiece of design and characterisation, [15] but its condition rapidly deteriorated and after a hundred years one viewer described it as “completely ruined past”.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[8] Leonardo, instead of a reliable fresco technique, used tempera on a base made mostly of gesso, which caused the painting's surface to be exposed to mold and cracking.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[8] Despite this, the painting has remained one of the most copied works of art in the world.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

16th century Leonardo's works painted in the 16th century include a small portrait known by the names Mona Lisa and la Gioconda.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

The painting is famous especially for its elusive smile.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Its mystery may be enhanced by the subtle shading of the corners of the mouth and eyebrows, which makes the exact nature of the smile impossible to define.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

The “foginess” of the painting's look began to be called “sfumato” or Leonardo's smoke.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Vasari, who is generally believed to have known the work only by its reputation, wrote: “Leonardo's painting has such a charming smiles that it is suitable to be viewed by gods rather than men, and the work was considered miraculous, as if it were living.” [15] [59] Others for the work characteristic features include an unadorned outfit whose details do not compete with eyes or hands, a dramatic background landscape in which the world seems to be in a state of transformation, restrained coloring and the extreme softness of the painting technique.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

It has been achieved by oil paints, which, however, have been used temperantly and blended on the surface so that the brushstrokes cannot be distinguished.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Vasari was of the opinion that “the portrait is painted in such a way as to make any defiant painter tremble and fear.” [15] The complete preservation of the painting and the absence of signs of painting or restoration on it is extremely rare in this age in woodplate painting.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[8] The composition of the Virgin Mary, the Child Jesus, the Lamb and Saint Anna again features characters in a landscape that Wasserman describes as “breathtakingly beautiful”.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[36] The composition of the work returns to the image of Saint Hieronymus, in which the character is set in a skew relative to the picture plane.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

What makes the painting unusual is that it features two oblique set figures on top of each other.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Mary sits on the knee of her mother St. Anna.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

He leans forward to hold the child Jesus, who plays violently with the sheep—the lamb is a sign of his own impending sacrifice.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[16] Several copies of the painting were made and influenced Michelangelo, Rafael and Andrea del Sarto [8] and through them Pontormo and Correggio.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

In particular, Venetian painters Tintoretto and Veronese adopted a new fashion in their compositions.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Drawings Leonardo was not a prolific painter, but he made plenty of drawings, filling his diary with small sketches and detailed drawings on which all sorts of things that attracted his attention were depicted.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

In addition to diaries, many treatises have been preserved from Leonardo for paintings.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Some of them can be identified as sketches of certain works such as the Bow of Kings, Cave Madonna, or Holy Communion.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[60] His earliest dated drawing is a Landscape of the Arno Valley from 1473.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

The river, mountains, Montelupo Castle and the arable landscape beyond it are described in detail.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[14] [60] Leonardo's famous drawings include the Man of Vitruvius, a study of the relations of the human body, the Angel's Head prepared for the Caveworm in the Louvre, a botanical study of the Star of Bethlehem, and a large (160×100 centimeters) drawing executed in black chalk on colored paper of the Holy Enter herself third at the National Gallery in London.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[60] The drawing uses a subtle sfumato shading technique, as in the Mona Lisa.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

It is believed Leonardo never made the image into a painting.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

The closest thing to it is the Virgin Mary, the Child Jesus, the Lamb and Holy Anna in the Louvre.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[8] Other drawings of interest include several treatises, usually referred to as “caricatures”, as they appear to be based, despite their exaggerated nature, on observations about living models.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Vasari explains that if Leonardo saw a person with an interesting face, he would observe and follow this all day.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[15] Numerous drawings of handsome young men have survived, often associated with Salai and bearing a rare and admired facial feature, the so-called “Greek profile”.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[61] These faces have often been compared to that of warriors.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[60] Salai is often depicted in exquisite festive outfits.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo is known to have planned a series of processions with which they might be associated.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Other drawings, often done with extreme care, feature pleating treatises.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo developed considerably in painting draperies, which can be seen especially in his early works.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

One often copied drawing is a macabre, a 1479 sketch made in Florence of the body of Bernado Baroncelli: he was hanged in connection with the Pazzi conspiracy and the murder of Lorenzo de' Medici's brother Giuliano.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[60] Leonardo has made a note of moderate honesty with a mirror inscription the colours of Baroncelli's clothing when he died.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo as an observer, scientist and inventor Diaries Renaissance humanism did not see science and art as mutually exclusive fields, and Leonardo's studies in science and engineering are as impressive as his art.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

They are stored in notebooks consisting of about 13000 pages of notes and drawings and in which art and natural philosophy (the precursor to modern science) merge.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo wrote and maintained notes daily throughout his life while making observations about the world around him.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[16] The diaries are written mainly in mirror image writing.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Its use may have been due to practical expediency rather than the need to encrypt inscriptions, contrary to what has often been suggested.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Since Leonardo was writing with his left hand, it was probably easier for him to write from right to left to avoid ink smudging.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

His notes and drawings include a huge number of different interests and whims, some of which are very mundane, such as trade lists or lists of individuals who owed money to him, and some fascinating, such as walking on wings or on water plans of shoes intended.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

The notes include compositions of paintings, treatises on their details and depiction of pleats, sketches of faces and emotions, animals, babies, drawings of dissections, plants, rock formations, vortices, war machines, helicopters, and architecture.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[16] The diaries were originally composed of loose papers of various types and sizes and were distributed to his friends after Leonardo's death.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

They have ended up in notable collections, including the Royal Library at Windsor Castle, the Louvre, the Biblioteca Nacional de España, the Victoria and Albert Museum, the Biblioteca Ambrosiana in Milan, which preserves the twelve-volume Codex Atlanticus, and the British Library in London.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

The last one has put a selection of the BL Arundel MS 263 notebook on the Internet.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[62] The Codex Leicester is Leonardo's only privately owned scientific work.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

It is owned by Bill Gates and is presented once a year in various cities around the world.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo's diaries are ostensibly intended for publication, as many loose-papers have been formulated and arranged in a manner that facilitates publication.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

In many cases, one topic, for example, the heart of a human fetus, is discussed in detail in both words and images on one piece of paper.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[63] It is not known why they were not published during Leonardo's lifetime.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[16] Scientific research Leonardo approached science with observations: he tried to understand phenomena by describing and reproducing them in as much detail as possible, and he placed no emphasis on experiments or theoretical explanations.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

As he had no formal education in Latin and mathematics, the scholars of the time did little to care about the scientific work he did, although he independently learned Latin.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

In the 1490s, he studied mathematics under the tutelage of Luca Pacioli and drew up a series of drawings of regular three-dimensional pieces in rack form.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

They were engraved in Pacioli's book Divina Proportione, published in 1509.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[16] Judging by the content of his diaries, Leonardo seems to have planned to publish a series of treatises on a variety of topics.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

During a visit to him by Cardinal Louis D'Aragon's secretary in 1517, the secretary is said to have seen a coherent treatise on anatomy.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[64] Leonardo's pupil Francesco Melzi collected portions of his work on anatomy, light and landscape for publication.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

They were eventually published as “Leonardo da Vinci's Treatise on Painting” in France and Italy in 1651 and in Germany in 1724 with engravings by Nicholas Poussin, painter of the Classicism period, based on drawings by Leonardo.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[8] According to Arasse, on the merits of the treatise, Leonardo was seen as “the precursor of French academic art thought” — sixty-two editions of it were taken from it in France in fifty years.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[16] Anatomy Leonardo received formal training in human anatomy when he began an apprentice relationship with Andrea del Verrocchio, who required all his students to study anatomy.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

As an artist, he soon became a master of “topographic anatomy”, drawing treatises on muscles, tendons, and other prominent anatomical features.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[65] As a successful artist, he obtained permission to perform autopsies on people at the Santa Maria Nuova Hospital in Florence and later in hospitals in Milan and Rome.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Between 1510 and 1511 he collaborated on his researches with the physician Marcantonio della Torre, and they co-authored a work on anatomy, on which Leonardo drew over 200 illustrations.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

It was published only in 1680 (161 years after his death) as “A Treatise on Painting”.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[16] [60] Leonardo drew on several studies of the human skeleton and its parts, as well as muscles and tendons, heart and circulatory system, genitals and other internal organs.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

He made one of the first scientific drawings of a fetus in the womb.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[60] As an artist, Leonardo accurately observed and recorded the effects of age and emotions on human physiology, particularly studying manifestations of rage.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

He also drew a number of characters with significant deformities in their faces or who looked ill.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[60] [16] He also studied and drew on the anatomy of many other animals, performing autopsies on cows, birds, monkeys, bears, and frogs, and comparing their anatomical structure to humans.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

He also conducted a number of studies on horses.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Engineering and Inventions During his lifetime, Leonardo was highly regarded as an engineer.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

In his letter to Ludovico il Moro, he claimed to be capable of building all kinds of machinery, both for the protection of the city and for siege purposes.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

After fleeing to Venice in 1499, he found work as an engineer and devised a system of movable barricades to protect the city from invasion.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

He also had a plan to alter the flow of the Arno River so that it would flood into Pisa.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

His diaries contain an untold number of inventions, both practical and impractical.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

They include musical instruments, hydraulic pumps, crank mechanisms, boogeyman ammunition and a steam cannon.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[14] [16] Leonardo drew up a principle drawing in Milan in the 1490s of a double spiral staircase, one of which could be reserved for ascending and the other, twisting around the previous one, for descent.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

These were probably built in the 16th century precisely with his inspiration for several castles, including Blois'ha and Chambord, for example.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[66] In 1502 Leonardo made a drawing of a single-span 240-metre-long bridge for Ottoman Sultan Bayezid II to Istanbul.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

The bridge was intended to cross the Golden Horn, a bay at the mouth of the Bosphorus.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Bayezid did not carry out the project, as he believed the structure was impossible.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo's vision was resurrected in 2001 when a smaller bridge based on his plan was built in Norway.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

On May 17, 2006, the Turkish government decided to build the Leonardo Bridge over the Golden Horn.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[67] It has often been thought that Leonardo's technical inventions were his original output, but this is a false imagination.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

The basis for Leonardo's inventions had been laid by war engineers of his time and Archimedes in antiquity.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[68] His ability to calculate, for example, fractional multiplications, or especially square roots, was also non-existent.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[69] For much of his life Leonardo was fascinated by flying, and he conducted many studies on bird flight.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

They include a Codex on the Flight of Birds from 1505 and plans for several flying machines, including a helicopter and a hang glider.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[16] Most of the designs were impractical, but the hang glider has been built and has been used successfully.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[70] Leonardo's drawing of a helicopter Leonardo's car reconstruction Leonardo's tank as a miniature model Leonardo's parachute reconstruction Leonardo as a legend Leonardo's reputation in his own lifetime was already so great that the king of France took him from Italy as trophy, and the king is alleged to have supported Leonardo as he grew older and holding him in his arms when he died.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[71] In his work The Artist Biographies some 30 years after Leonardo's death, Vasari claims his talents “transcended nature”.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Interest in Leonardo has never waned.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Crowds of people still queue up to view his most famous paintings, his drawings are printed on t-shirts and writers such as Vasari still marvel at his genius and reflect on his private life, particularly what some such intelligent person actually believed in.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[16] Giorgio Vasari begins a passage depicting Leonardo's life in 1568 in his work with the following words: [72] The continued admiration of Leonardo by painters, critics and historians has been reflected in several other literary tributes.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Baldassare Castiglione, author of The Courtier, wrote in 1528: “... one of the greatest painters of this world looks upon with disparaging this art in which he has no peer...” [73] while a biographer known as “Anonimo Gaddiano” wrote circa 1540: “His his genius was so rare and universal that it can be said that nature acted like a miracle on his behalf...”.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[74] As a genius Especially in the 19th century, Leonardo's genius was admired.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

H. Fuseli wrote in 1801, “So came the morning for modern art, when Leonardo da Vinci began a flourish that overshadowed an earlier splendor: consisting of all those parts which together form the core of genius...” [75] The same is repeated by A.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

E. Rio, who wrote in 1861, “He stood above all other artists through the strength and nobility of his talents.” [76] By entering the 19th century, the extent of Leonardo's notebooks and paintings was known.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

H. Taine wrote in 1866, “There may not be another example in the world of one universal genius, so incapable of fulfillment, so full of longing for infinity, so naturally refined, so ahead of his own century and subsequent centuries.” [77] Famous art historian Bernard Berenson wrote in 1896: “Leonardo is that artist of whom one can, in perfect literal terms, say: everything he touched was transformed into eternal beauty.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Whether skull surgery, weed structure or treatise on muscles, he transformed its line and light and shadow into life-conveying values for eternity.” [78] Interest in Leonardo's genius has continued unabated: experts study and translate his his writings, analyze his paintings using scientific methods, debate attributes, and seek out works about which have been written but never found.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[79] Liana Bortolon wrote in 1967: “Because she was interested in such a large number of things that made her pursue knowledge in all fields... Leonardo can be regarded, very rightly, as an unsurpassed universal genius, with all the uneasy undertones associated with the term.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Man feels as uncomfortable in the face of genius today as he did in the 16th century.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Five centuries have passed, but we still look at Leonardo with reverent trepidation.” [14] List of paintings None of Leonardo's paintings is his signature.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Some surviving works are referred to in Vasari text or treaties.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

All the observations in this section are taken from the analysis of the opinions of various scholars written by Angela Ottino della Chiesa.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[8] Wholly Leonardo's Holy Communion (1498) — Monastery of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan, Italy.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Mona Lisa or La Gioconda (1503—1505/1507) — Louvre, Paris, France.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Bow of Kings, uncompleted painting (1481) — Uffizi, Florence, Italy.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

The Virgin Mary, the Child Jesus, the Lamb, and Saint Anna (ca.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

1510) — Louvre, Paris, France.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Cave Madonna, Louvre, Paris.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Most historians consider the painting to be the earlier of two different versions, at which time it was painted in 1483—1486.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Saint Anna herself as the third, a large drawing (approx.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

1499—1500) — National Gallery, London, United Kingdom.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Saint Hieronymus (ca.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

1480) — Vatican City, unfinished painting.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

La Bella Principessa has been identified as a painting by Leonardo based on prints.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

The work was first exhibited in Gothenburg in the summer of 2010.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[80] Salvator Mundi (1500) — Mohammad bin Salman, Saudi Arabia.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

In November 2017, the painting sold at auction at Chistie's at the world's most expensive price for €382 million.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[81] Leonardo along with others at the Baptism of Christ (1472—1475) — Uffizi, Florence, Italy.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

According to Vasari, Verrocchio's work, on which Leonardo has painted an angel on the left.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[15] Leonardo is generally considered to have also painted the background landscape and the torso of Christ.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

One of Leonardo's earliest surviving works.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[82] Cave Madonna, National Gallery, London.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

The painting is generally considered to be later than the Louvre versions, possibly from 1505—1508, in collaboration with Predis and possibly others.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[83] Accepted attributes Marian Annunciation (1475—1480) — Uffizi, Florence, Italy.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Generally considered to be Leonardo's earliest surviving work.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[84] Madonna Benois (1478—1480) — Hermitage, Saint Petersburg, Russia.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[85] Madonna and Carnation (1478—1480) — Alte Pinakothek, Munich, Germany.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[86] John the Baptist (ca.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

1514) — Louvre, Paris, France.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[87] Attributions depend on each other These two works are almost certainly painted by the same artist.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

He is widely believed to have been Leonardo, but attributions have also been criticized.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Ginevra de' Benci (ca.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

1475) — National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C., United States.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[88] Woman and Fly (1488—1490) — Czartoryski Museum, Krakow, Poland.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[89] Controversy Of the following paintings, the first two have more general acceptance according to Angela Ottino della Chiesa than the others.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

All have been claimed at some point to be Leonardo's work.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[8] La Belle Ferronière (1495—1498) — Louvre, Paris, France.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Portrait of a musician (ca.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

1490) — Pinacoteca Ambrosiana, Milan, Italy.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Madonna Litta (1490—91) — Hermitage, Saint Petersburg, Russia.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Possibly a work by Marco d'Oggiono.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Madonna and Child in 1501.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

There are three versions of the painting, apparently by different authors, copies of a lost work described by Leonardo.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[90] Madonna of Dreyfus, formerly considered to be the work of Verrocchio or Lorenzo di Credi.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

The anatomy of the child Jesus is so bad that the majority of scholars have not wanted to make a clear attribution, but some believe the piece is Leonardo's juvenile work.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[91] Bacchus (or John the Baptist, 1515) — Louvre, Paris, France.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

The work is usually considered to be a copy made by the workshop of a drawing.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[8] Recent attribution of Holy Children in Embrace (approx.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

1486—1490) — several versions in private collections.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[92] Madonna and Child with Saint Joseph — Gallery Borghese, Rome, Italy.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Previously considered the work of Fra Bartolomeo.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[93] Mary of Magdala, identified as Leonardo's work not long ago by Carlo Pedretti.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Previously considered the work of Giampietrino: he painted several similar Marias.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[94] Christ carrying the cross, date unknown, private collection.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Attribution by Carlo Pedrett.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

[95] Known only as a copy of Leda and the Swan (1508) — only copies have survived, the best example being in the Galleria Borghese in Rome.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

The other is at Wilton House in England.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Battle of Anghiari (1505) — Salone dei Cinquecento at the Palazzo Vecchio in Florence.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Daniel Arasse| title= Leonardo da Vinci: the rhythm of the world| publisher = Konecky & Konecky| year = 1997| id=ISBN 1-56852198-7| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

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Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

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Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

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Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Gene A. Brucker| title = Renaissance Florence| publisher = Wiley and Sons| year = 1969| id = ISBN 0-471-11370-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Angela Ottino della Chiesa| title = The Complete Paintings of Leonardo da Vinci| publisher = Penguin Classics of World Art series| year = 1967| id = ISBN 0-14-00-8649-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Simona Cremante| title = Leonardo da Vinci: Artist, Scientist, Inventor| location = Italia| publisher = Giunti| year = 2005| id = ISBN 88-09-09-3891-6| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

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Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

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Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

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Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

1, no.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

2| year = 1994:6-17| id = ISSN 1075-2110}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Andrew Martindale| title = The Rise of the Artist| publisher = McGraw-Hill, New York| year = 1972| id = ISBN 0070406499}} Citation error, replace with {{cite bookmall| author = Ey&Saunders| title= Leonardo on the Human Body| publisher = Dover Publications, New York| year = 1982}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Charles Nicholl| title= Leonardo da Vinci, The Flights of the mind| publisher = Penguin| year = 2005| id = ISBN 0-14-029681-6}} Citation error, replace with {{ cite book| author = Sherwin B. Nuland| title= Leonardo Da Vinci| publisher = Phoenix Press| year = 2001| id = ISBN 0-7538-1269-X}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Silvana Levi Orban| title = Leonardo da Vinci| publisher = Publisher | Ruutu| year = 1983| id = ISBN BN 951- 9218-28-9| language = (in English)}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = A.E.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Popham| title = The Drawings of Leonardo da Vinci| publisher = Jonathan Cape| year = 1964| id=ISBN 0-224-60462-7| language = Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Shana Priwer & Cynthia Phillips| title = The Everything Da Vinci Book: Explore the Life and Times of the Ultimate Renaissance Man| publisher = Adams Media| year= 2006| id = ISBN 1598691015}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ilan Rachum| title= The Renaissance, an Illustrated Encyclopedia| publisher = Octopus| year = 1979| id = ISBN 0-7064-0857-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jean Paul Richter| title = The Notebooks of Leonardo da Vinci| publisher = Dover| year = 1970| id = ISBN 486-22572-0 and ISBN 0-486-22573-9 (paperback)}} 2 parts.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

New Edition.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

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Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

George Bull 1965| year = 1568| id = ISBN 0-14-044-164-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Alessandro Vezzosi| title = Leonardo da Vinci: Renaissance Man| publisher = Thames & Hudson Ltd, London| year = 1997 (English translation) | id = ISBN 0-500-30081-X} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Frank Zollner & Johannes Nathan| title = Leonardo da Vinci: The Complete Paintings and Drawings| publisher = Taschen| year = 2003| id = ISBN 3-8228-1734-1 (hardback)}} References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Vinci, Leonardo da| title = Working journals| location = Helsinki| publisher = Works| year = 2009| version = Translated by Laura Lahdensuu| id = ISBN 978-951-851-146-8}} On the subject elsewhere in Finnish translation Vinci, Leonardo da:.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

so & thus 3/2000, 4—7.


Question: Which country was Sigmund Freud?

Leonardo da Vinci

* Category:Those born in 1452 Class:Persons who died in 1519 Category:Renaissance painters Category:Renaissance architects Category:70.9 General art history Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What is the mission of the British Film Institute?

Youth Film

A youth film or youth film [1] is a drama film aimed mainly at teenagers or young adults.


Question: What is the mission of the British Film Institute?

Youth Film

The storylines of youth films deal with topics close to young people such as independence, coming of age, friendship, first love, puberty rebellion and quarrels with parents, sexual and other identity exploration and teen anxiety.


Question: What is the mission of the British Film Institute?

Youth Film

[2] The concept of youth cinema is difficult to delineate: films for early adolescents can also be called children's films, and most “adult films” are aimed at young adults and are about them.


Question: What is the mission of the British Film Institute?

Youth Film

The visual look, speech style, and other external hallmarks of youth films respond quickly to changes in culture and fashion, but regardless of genre, youth films most often deal with a change in adolescent identity on the journey towards adulthood.


Question: What is the mission of the British Film Institute?

Youth Film

[3] A growth story about the psychological and physical changes caused by growing up is the most common of the story types of youth film.


Question: What is the mission of the British Film Institute?

Youth Film

In youth films, the way stories are handled can range from serious enlightenment and everyday realistic drama or comedy to the action-packed leisure culture typical of American youth cinema.


Question: What is the mission of the British Film Institute?

Youth Film

[2] The way a film becomes popular with young people is significantly influenced by its authenticity: how recognisably, identifiably and plausibly it manages to portray the states of mind and experiences of its highly critical audience.


Question: What is the mission of the British Film Institute?

Youth Film

[4] The stories of youth films are often set in school, in the world of sports or other pursuits, in the context of historical events such as wars, or fantasy worlds.


Question: What is the mission of the British Film Institute?

Youth Film

Many sports films are at the same time juvenile films, and many horror films are aimed specifically at teenage audiences — examples like Friday the 13th.


Question: What is the mission of the British Film Institute?

Youth Film

film series and Scary Movie horror comedies.


Question: What is the mission of the British Film Institute?

Youth Film

Other subgenres of youth film include science fiction (drama or comedy), sex comedy, school film, romantic melodrama, and drama about problem youth, which in American youth film is the most lavish and longest-produced subgenre.


Question: What is the mission of the British Film Institute?

Youth Film

[5] Many films for all ages are also considered particularly suitable for young audiences, such as the list “50 films you should see before you turn 14” compiled by the British Film Institute in 2005.


Question: What is the mission of the British Film Institute?

Youth Film

It was voted for, among other things, the neorealism classic Bicycle Thief, the Rag Doll about the life threatening stepfather of children, and the Marilyn Monroe farce Skinny Places [6].


Question: What is the mission of the British Film Institute?

Youth Film

Young people's film in the United States 1950s and 1960s Hollywood terminology is not exactly talking about children's or youth films, but family films (family film, family movie) and teen films (teen film, teen movie).


Question: What is the mission of the British Film Institute?

Youth Film

Until the 1950s, films depicting young protagonists were often adaptive stories intended for the whole family, such as the American Andy Hardy films and their Finnish counterpart, the Suominen family.


Question: What is the mission of the British Film Institute?

Youth Film

The emergence of rock and roll music in the mid-1950s and the increasing prevalence of television sets starting in the 1950s around the world led to the beginning of seeing cinemas as a target audience rather than adults or the whole family, particularly young people who did not want to stay home and watch television with their parents.


Question: What is the mission of the British Film Institute?

Youth Film

[3] Films aimed at young people were often based on popular music and the characters it made famous.


Question: What is the mission of the British Film Institute?

Youth Film

The trend had begun with the 1955 problem school shoot Don't Turn Your Back on Them (The Blackboard Jungle), playing Bill Haley's breakthrough song “Rock Around the Clock”.


Question: What is the mission of the British Film Institute?

Youth Film

From the mid-1950s to the end of the 1960s, Elvis Presley starred in a total of 33 drama films.


Question: What is the mission of the British Film Institute?

Youth Film

[7] Some of the most notable and popular youth films of the mid-1960s were Yeah, Yeah, Yeah, Here We Come (A Hard Day's Night, 1964) and Help!


Question: What is the mission of the British Film Institute?

Youth Film

(Help! , 1965), which were directed by Richard Lester [8].


Question: What is the mission of the British Film Institute?

Youth Film

Some of the earliest films made about young rebellious male characters include The Fierheads (1953, starring Marlon Brando), and The Young Rebel (1955, starring James Dean).


Question: What is the mission of the British Film Institute?

Youth Film

[9] The same themes appeared a few years later in grittily realistic British films, such as Saturday Night to Sunday Morning (1960) and Most Rebel of All (1962) based on texts by Alan Sillitoe, as well as late-decade school shoots such as Lindsay Anderson's Jos... (1968) and Ken Loach's Son and the Falcon (1969).


Question: What is the mission of the British Film Institute?

Youth Film

In the late 1960s, motorcycling and rock music came together in the American film Easy Rider — on the Way (1969).


Question: What is the mission of the British Film Institute?

Youth Film

Music-themed documentaries such as Don't Look Back (1967) about Bob Dylan and Woodstock — 3 Days of Peace, Love, Music (1970).


Question: What is the mission of the British Film Institute?

Youth Film

Youth-themed U.S. films of the turn of the 1960s and 1970s include the comedies Male Experiment (1968) and Alice's Restaurant (1969), as well as the romantic melodramas Love Story (Love Story, 1970) and Romeo and Juliet (1968).


Question: What is the mission of the British Film Institute?

Youth Film

By the time the 1970s entered the 1970s, 75% of cinema-goers in the United States were between the ages of 12 and 29.


Question: What is the mission of the British Film Institute?

Youth Film

[10] At the turn of the 1960s and 1970s, young directors of “new Hollywood” did some highly regarded portrayals of youth or young adults.


Question: What is the mission of the British Film Institute?

Youth Film

These include Peter Bogdanovich's Last Film (1971), set in the early 1950s, and Bob Rafelson's Rough Patterns (1970).


Question: What is the mission of the British Film Institute?

Youth Film

The making of actual youth films was limited in the United States until George Lucas brought to theaters a film built on 1950s rock'n'roll nostalgia, Svengijengi '62 (American Graffiti, 1973).


Question: What is the mission of the British Film Institute?

Youth Film

Other youth films in the nostalgic trend included Grease (1978) and the Back to the Future trilogy in the late 1980s.


Question: What is the mission of the British Film Institute?

Youth Film

On the other hand, Stanley Kubrick's future-set dystopia comedy Clockwork Orange (A Clockwork Orange, 1974) became one of the cult films of the decade among young people.


Question: What is the mission of the British Film Institute?

Youth Film

[8] The great young people's favourite films of the late 1970s were Saturday Night Fever — Saturday Night Fever — Saturday Night Drug (1977) and Star Wars (1977), which started the science fiction adventure trend.


Question: What is the mission of the British Film Institute?

Youth Film

Peter Yates's 1979 drama comedy Fillarijengi [11] [12] and the raunchy bail-out comedy Delta Gang (1978) have also emerged among the most acclaimed American youth films.


Question: What is the mission of the British Film Institute?

Youth Film

[13] In the 1980s, Hollywood began to invest more heavily in youth films, among other things, because new multi-hall multiplex theatres began to be established in malls popular with young people.


Question: What is the mission of the British Film Institute?

Youth Film

Pontimena was also the resounding commercial success of the late 1970s low-budget horror film Halloween — Night of Masks and the sex comedy Delta Gang.


Question: What is the mission of the British Film Institute?

Youth Film

[10] In 1983, Francis Ford Coppola brought to the premiere the acclaimed youth dramas Outsiders — the Gang of Three and the Battlefish, which he directed based on the books of S. E. Hinton.