Question: How many years did Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult serve as Napoleon's marshal?

Jean-de-Dieu Soult

For the next five years he was employed in Germany under the command of generals Jourda, Moreau, Klebér and Lefebvre.


Question: How many years did Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult serve as Napoleon's marshal?

Jean-de-Dieu Soult

He again brought glory to his family by participating as Masséna in the Great Swiss War Expedition and in particular the Second Battle of Zurich, in which Masséna defeated Russian General Alexander Korsakov and Swiss-born Austrian Baron and Field Marshal Friedrich von Hotze (who died in early in the day in combat).


Question: How many years did Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult serve as Napoleon's marshal?

Jean-de-Dieu Soult

Generals, later Marshal Mortier and Oudinot, also participated in the battle.


Question: How many years did Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult serve as Napoleon's marshal?

Jean-de-Dieu Soult

However, after many successful maneuvers, Soult was captured on 13 April 1800 at Monte Gretto.


Question: How many years did Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult serve as Napoleon's marshal?

Jean-de-Dieu Soult

After the French victory at the Battle of Marshal Marengo, he was relieved and assigned to command the forces of the southern parts of the Kingdom of Naples.


Question: How many years did Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult serve as Napoleon's marshal?

Jean-de-Dieu Soult

After becoming consul for life, Napoleon became Soult in 1802 one of four generals of the Consular Guard.


Question: How many years did Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult serve as Napoleon's marshal?

Jean-de-Dieu Soult

In May 1804 he was made one of the first Marshal of France.


Question: How many years did Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult serve as Napoleon's marshal?

Jean-de-Dieu Soult

Among other things, he commanded the advancing troops at the Battle of Ulm (20 October 1805) and led the attack on the Allied centre at the Battle of Austerlitz (2 December 1805) (which allowed the battle to be won, albeit decisions were taken by Napoleon).


Question: How many years did Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult serve as Napoleon's marshal?

Jean-de-Dieu Soult

Soult played a great role in the major battles of the Grand Armée, especially the Battle of Jena (14 October 1806), but he was unable to participate in the Battle of Friedland (14 June 1807) because he was marching to Königsberg, East Prussia.


Question: How many years did Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult serve as Napoleon's marshal?

Jean-de-Dieu Soult

After the Peace of Tilsit had been concluded (9 July 1807), Soult returned to France, where Napoleon appointed him Duke of Dalmatia (1808).


Question: How many years did Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult serve as Napoleon's marshal?

Jean-de-Dieu Soult

Soult was annoyed by the appointment, however, as he would have preferred the title of Duke of Austerliz, but did not receive it because it had been taken by Napoleon himself.


Question: How many years did Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult serve as Napoleon's marshal?

Jean-de-Dieu Soult

Spanish War Expedition Now Soult commanded the Second Army Corps of the Grande Armée, which Napoleon wanted to conquer the Pyrenees Peninsula.


Question: How many years did Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult serve as Napoleon's marshal?

Jean-de-Dieu Soult

Napoleon initiated the Peninsula War of the Pyrenees (which had begun as early as 1807 with Napoleon occupying Portugal, but in Spain war did not break out until 1808).


Question: How many years did Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult serve as Napoleon's marshal?

Jean-de-Dieu Soult

After winning the Battle of Gamonal, he fought at the Battle of Corunna (16 January 1809) against Sir John Moore.


Question: How many years did Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult serve as Napoleon's marshal?

Jean-de-Dieu Soult

Moore was killed in battle, and he lost the battle, but Soult's forces, after the fiercest battle, returned to their old seats, allowing the British army to escape Spain.


Question: How many years did Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult serve as Napoleon's marshal?

Jean-de-Dieu Soult

Soult stayed in Spain for four years.


Question: How many years did Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult serve as Napoleon's marshal?

Jean-de-Dieu Soult

Still in 1809 he marched to Portugal, and after the Battle of Porto (28 March), in which Soult defeated the Portuguese general Parreiras, he occupied the nearby town of Oporto, where he was nevertheless left isolated due to the successful tactics of General Silveira.


Question: How many years did Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult serve as Napoleon's marshal?

Jean-de-Dieu Soult

In this case, he wanted to take the Portuguese throne, and he believed himself to be the right and best candidate to do so.


Question: How many years did Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult serve as Napoleon's marshal?

Jean-de-Dieu Soult

Unable to advance anywhere, the British drove Soult out of Oporto (the British had beached Portugal on 22 April), after the Second Battle of Porto (12 May 1809), and there he was defeated by Arthur Wellesley, who later became Duke of Wellington.


Question: How many years did Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult serve as Napoleon's marshal?

Jean-de-Dieu Soult

After the defeat in Ankara, Soult makes an anguished, almost catastrophic retreat across the mountains under pressure from the armies of Beresford and Silveira.


Question: How many years did Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult serve as Napoleon's marshal?

Jean-de-Dieu Soult

Wellesley then went out of Portugal, joined his army with the Armija of Spanish General la Cuesta, and went after the French.


Question: How many years did Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult serve as Napoleon's marshal?

Jean-de-Dieu Soult

However, the French have received reinforcements from Napoleon's brother Joseph Bonaparte, whom Napoleon had appointed King of Spain.


Question: How many years did Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult serve as Napoleon's marshal?

Jean-de-Dieu Soult

The armies faced off at Talavera, and initially in battle were Marshal Victor of France and an Anglo-Spanish army commanded by Wellesley.


Question: How many years did Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult serve as Napoleon's marshal?

Jean-de-Dieu Soult

Early in the battle it seemed that the French without helping would lose the battle, but when Joseph I (Napoleon's brother) arrived with reinforcements turned into a battle, but not enough, as Wellesley was still on top of the neck, but then Soult's troops appeared from the north, Wellesley still had plenty more troops, but rather the French had tactically won the battle.


Question: How many years did Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult serve as Napoleon's marshal?

Jean-de-Dieu Soult

Although the British gained a strategic victory, as the British were able to withdraw towards Portugal, where there would be additional British armies.


Question: How many years did Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult serve as Napoleon's marshal?

Jean-de-Dieu Soult

Tactically, the battle was brilliant for the French because the Brits had soldiers 55634, France 46138.


Question: How many years did Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult serve as Napoleon's marshal?

Jean-de-Dieu Soult

Now the French joined forces and, under Soult, attacked Portugal, where the French gained a major victory at the Battle of Oceana (19 November 1809).


Question: How many years did Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult serve as Napoleon's marshal?

Jean-de-Dieu Soult

In 1810, with Napoleon at the height of his power, Soult arrived in Andalusia, where he turned his back on Seville so that he could take Cádiz, but the siege failed, and the battle is generally regarded as highly unsuccessful.


Question: How many years did Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult serve as Napoleon's marshal?

Jean-de-Dieu Soult

In 1811, he marched with his troops to Extremadura to retake Badajoz.


Question: How many years did Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult serve as Napoleon's marshal?

Jean-de-Dieu Soult

But an Anglo-Spanish army arrived to the aid, which narrowly defeated Soult at the Battle of Albuera (16 May 1811), known for being bloody.


Question: How many years did Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult serve as Napoleon's marshal?

Jean-de-Dieu Soult

In 1812, after the Great Battle of Salamanca at Wellesley, it was Soult's duty to retreat to Andalusia, where he was to strike Wellesley.


Question: How many years did Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult serve as Napoleon's marshal?

Jean-de-Dieu Soult

He failed and Wellesley got away, other marshals would have been needed, but since Soult was in a dispute with all the marshal he did not want to ask for help.


Question: How many years did Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult serve as Napoleon's marshal?

Jean-de-Dieu Soult

Soult's new company When Soult was then transferred to Germany in 1813 at the head of the IV Army Corps, he immediately moved them to southern France and thence to Spain to repair the damage that Wellesley's great Battle of Vitoria had caused.


Question: How many years did Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult serve as Napoleon's marshal?

Jean-de-Dieu Soult

He implemented new tactics, withdrawing continually from the Wellington road until he, at the Battle of Toulouse, expelled Wellesley from France.


Question: How many years did Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult serve as Napoleon's marshal?

Jean-de-Dieu Soult

After Napoleon was overthrown, Soult was generally not loyal to Napoleon, because when Napoleon was first exiled (1814) to Elba after the Battle of Leipzig, Soult had told Ludwig XVIII that he was a royalist, but when Napoleon returned to France for the Hundred Days for the duration of the Empire, Soult professed himself to Napoleon as a “true Bonapartist”.


Question: How many years did Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult serve as Napoleon's marshal?

Jean-de-Dieu Soult

When Napoleon was exiled for the second time (1815), this time permanently, Soultkin was exiled, but not for a very long time, as Soult was recalled by Louis XVIII in 1819.


Question: How many years did Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult serve as Napoleon's marshal?

Jean-de-Dieu Soult

In 1830 he took up the service of Louis Philip I, and he served as Minister of War from 1830 until 1834 as well as Prime Minister 1832—1834.


Question: How many years did Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult serve as Napoleon's marshal?

Jean-de-Dieu Soult

He attended Queen Victoria's coronation in 1838, and on the occasion his old nemesis Wellesley grabbed this hand on the shoulder and said, “At last I caught you”.


Question: How many years did Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult serve as Napoleon's marshal?

Jean-de-Dieu Soult

He then served as Prime Minister again from 1839 to 1840, and again from 1840 to 1847 he was still Prime Minister as well as again Minister of War 1840 to 1844.


Question: How many years did Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult serve as Napoleon's marshal?

Jean-de-Dieu Soult

When Louis Philip I was overthrown from power, in favor of the republic he declared himself a supporter of the republic.


Question: How many years did Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult serve as Napoleon's marshal?

Jean-de-Dieu Soult

He died in his castle at Soultberg, near his birthhome.


Question: How many years did Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult serve as Napoleon's marshal?

Jean-de-Dieu Soult

Soult's significance as a part cause of Napoleon's well-known defeat of Waterloo was Soult's disastrous appointment as Minister of War, as Soult was at odds with all the marshal, not the army system working.


Question: How many years did Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult serve as Napoleon's marshal?

Jean-de-Dieu Soult

Category:Marshal of France Category:Prime Ministers of France Category:Those born in 1769 Class:Deaths in 1851


Question: When was the first Saturn IB completed?

Saturn IB

The Saturn IB was a development version of the Saturn I launcher.


Question: When was the first Saturn IB completed?

Saturn IB

The Saturn IB was used in the Apollo space program as its spacecraft launch vehicle, Skylab flights, and the Apollo-Soyuz test program.


Question: When was the first Saturn IB completed?

Saturn IB

Launches of Saturn IB Serial Number Flight Launch Date.AS-201AS-20126.


Question: When was the first Saturn IB completed?

Saturn IB

February 1966First test flight, command and service module test.AS-203AS-2035.


Question: When was the first Saturn IB completed?

Saturn IB

July 1966SIV-B stage test.AS-202AS-20225.


Question: When was the first Saturn IB completed?

Saturn IB

August 1966Second Command and Maintenance Module test.AS-204Apollo 522 January 1968First Lunar Module test.AS-205Apollo 711 October 1968First Manned Flight of the Apollo Space Program.AS-206SkyLab 225 May 1973First Manned SkyLab Flight.AS-207SkyLab 328 July 1973AS-208SkyLab 4November 16, 1973The third and last Skylab fly.AS-209SkyLab Rescue1973, 1974Skylab rescue flight.


Question: When was the first Saturn IB completed?

Saturn IB

Not used.AS-210Apollo-Soyuz test project ASTP15.


Question: When was the first Saturn IB completed?

Saturn IB

July 1975AS-211not usedAS-212not used.AS-213Only the first stage was built.


Question: When was the first Saturn IB completed?

Saturn IB

Not used.AS-214Only the first stage was built.


Question: When was the first Saturn IB completed?

Saturn IB

Not used.


Question: When was the first Saturn IB completed?

Saturn IB

Category:Saturn rocket family


Question: What is the deepest point of Päijänna?

Päijänne

Päijänne (Swedish: “Päjäne”) is the main lake in the Kymijoki river basin and the second largest lake in Finland.


Question: What is the deepest point of Päijänna?

Päijänne

It is located in the region of the provinces of Päijät-Häme and Central Finland.


Question: What is the deepest point of Päijänna?

Päijänne

The Kymijoki river Päijänne flows into the Gulf of Finland.


Question: What is the deepest point of Päijänna?

Päijänne

Päijänne has a water surface area of approximately 1100 square kilometres, [1] in addition to islands of about 330 square kilometres.


Question: What is the deepest point of Päijänna?

Päijänne

[2] The length of the shoreline is approximately 2789.15 km [3].


Question: What is the deepest point of Päijänna?

Päijänne

Päijänne is located at the deepest point of the Finnish inland waters, with a depth of 95.3 metres.


Question: What is the deepest point of Päijänna?

Päijänne

Geography Päijänne has an area of 1118km².


Question: What is the deepest point of Päijänna?

Päijänne

The lake is 119 kilometres long, with a maximum width of 28 kilometres.


Question: What is the deepest point of Päijänna?

Päijänne

[4] The largest backs of Päijänne are Tehinselkä and Judinsalonselkä in the central part, Asikkalanselkä in the southern part and Vanhanselkä and Ristinselkä in the northern part.


Question: What is the deepest point of Päijänna?

Päijänne

The deepest point of Finland's inland waters (95.3m) is located on Ristinselä in the municipality of Toivaka, off Rappukallio.


Question: What is the deepest point of Päijänna?

Päijänne

Your depth is marked on the Päijännen Ristinselä and the Päijänne Nautical Chart series with a special mark.


Question: What is the deepest point of Päijänna?

Päijänne

The misinformation found in several encyclopedias that the point would be as much as 104 metres deep is based on a misinterpretation of Russian measurement results.


Question: What is the deepest point of Päijänna?

Päijänne

The average depth of the Päijänne is 16.2 metres.


Question: What is the deepest point of Päijänna?

Päijänne

Large islands include Virmailansaari, Salonsaari, Judinsalo, Onkisalo, Paatsalo, Muuratsalo, Haukkasalo and Vuoritsalo, and there are 1886 islands in total.


Question: What is the deepest point of Päijänna?

Päijänne

[5] Sometimes there was ambiguity as to whether the second largest of the Finnish lakes in terms of area is Päijänne or Lake Inari.


Question: What is the deepest point of Päijänna?

Päijänne

Lake Inari was considered larger in area.


Question: What is the deepest point of Päijänna?

Päijänne

[6] On the other hand, Päijänne is quite unquestionably the second largest lake in Finland.


Question: What is the deepest point of Päijänna?

Päijänne

Päijänne, the longest lake in Finland, is also if the different lake basins of the Great Saimaa are counted as different lakes as many times in the past.


Question: What is the deepest point of Päijänna?

Päijänne

The waters of Saarijärvi, Viitasaari and Rautalampi routes flow to the northern part of Päijänne, Jämsä route from the west, Sysmä route from the east and Vesijärvi via Vääksy Canal [7] and Vääksynjoki from the south.


Question: What is the deepest point of Päijänna?

Päijänne

Päijänne descends from its southern parts from the Kalkkinen rapids to the Kymi River and further into the Gulf of Finland.


Question: What is the deepest point of Päijänna?

Päijänne

The water in the Päijänne changes due to the flow once every 2.5 years.


Question: What is the deepest point of Päijänna?

Päijänne

The water level in Päijänne varies over the year by an average of 60 centimeters, with an average water level of 78.3m.


Question: What is the deepest point of Päijänna?

Päijänne

At its lowest it is at the time of the so-called spring pit in April and at its highest around midsummer.


Question: What is the deepest point of Päijänna?

Päijänne

Päijänne extends to the area of the municipalities of Padasjoki, Asikkala and Sysmö in Päijät-Häme, and in Central Finland the municipalities of Kuhmoinen, Jämsä, Joutsa, Luhanga, Muurame, Toivaka and Jyväskylä, before 2009 also Korpilahti Municipality and Jyväskylä Rural Municipality, and before 1993 also Säynätsalo for the municipal territory.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

History Päijänne, after the last ice age, was part of the Yoldiamerta and later the bay of Lake Ancylus.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

Under the influence of landlift, it was constricted into a separate lake around 6500BCE.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

The waters of Päijänne originally flowed northwards through Hinkuan and Kalajoki into the Gulf of Bothnia.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

The landing threshold in Saimaa began to dry out due to the unevenness of the ground uplift.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

When the bill river finally dried up, the Saimaa flooded over the threshold in Pielavesi and a new bill was created on Saimaa.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

The waters of Saimaa fell through Päijänne to the Bothnian Sea for quite a long time.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

The unevenness of the land uplift also caused the lowering of the lower ground in Päijänne, and Päijänne started flooding, raising the water level to Saimaa level.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

Thus Päijänne and Saimaa formed the largest lake in Finnish natural history.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

This is called the Great Lake of Inner Finland.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

The phase lasted only a couple of hundred years as uneven ground uplift severed the connection at Pielavesi.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

[8] As the landrise became stronger in the north, the waters broke a new route south through Salpausselkie through Vuohijärvi and Pyhäjärvi to Kymijoki around 4900BCE.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

[9] The current Päijänne discharge route southward erupted around the year 1000 BCE.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

From the southern end of Konnivesi through another Salpausselä, joining the old marsh in Pyhäjärvi.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

In the 1830s, the surface of Päijänne was lowered by about 120 centimeters by gutting Kalkistenkoski.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

Following an exceptional flood in 1899, a new lake landing was presented.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

It was not implemented.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

Instead, planning began to rationing the surface of Päijänne, which was implemented in 1964.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

[10] [8] The national park in the southern part of Päijänne is located within the territory of the municipalities of Padasjoki, Asikkala and Sysmö.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

The core area of the national park is the south-north orientation of Kelventee, a ridge island eight kilometres long and 50 to 800m wide.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

The sheltered lagoon bays of Kelventee are popular boating destinations.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

Canals from Päijännen are canal connections along the Keitelee Canal completed in 1993 to Keitelee in the north, along the Vääksy Canal introduced in 1871 to Lahti Vesijärvi in the south and the Kalkkinen Canal, completed in 1878 from Asikkalanselä to Lake Ruotsalainen To the silverback.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

An entirely new canal was built at Kalkkisi in 1964.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

Plans have been made for a long time to connect the Kymijoki watershed with the sea by a new channel, but so far the projects have not progressed.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

Alternatives include connecting to Keitele via the so-called Savo Canal or the so-called Mäntyharju Canal from the southern end of Päijänne to Saimaa, where the connection to the sea would continue via the Saimaa Canal.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

A third option would be to connect Päijänne directly to the Gulf of Finland by channeling the Kymijoki River.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

Boating Päijänne is a popular boating destination: a single water route can be reached from Vesijärvi in the north to Viitasaari in Central Finland and Pielavede in Northern Savo.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

The length of the water route from Lahti to Pielavede is about 200 nautical miles, about 380km.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

One of the largest boating events in Finland, Päijänsailing is sailed every July from end to end of the lake.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

The route runs from Padasjoki to Jyväskylä, departure takes place in tides (in odd years) from the south on Padasjoki or from the north (in even years) from the Korpilahti Kirkonkylä in Jyväskylä.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

Approximately 180 keel boats and nearly 1,000 sailors take part in the Päitendon sailing each year.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

[11] Water quality in Päijänne water quality is good, south of Jämsä excellent.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

Industrial wastewater load peaked between 1960 and 1985, after which water quality has improved.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

Water quality in northern Päijänne has been affected by Äänekoski industry, Lievestuore sulfite cellulose plant and Kangas paper mill in Jyväskylä, Jämsä industry in central Päijänne.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

Päijänne's water quality improved particularly much after the mid-1980s following the entry into force of strict emission restrictions imposed on the then pulp mills of Metsä-Botnia in Ääänekoski.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

The Päijänne Clean Citizens' Movement played a significant part in tightening the licensing practice, which collected 140,000 names in favour of more efficient treatment of industrial wastewater.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

The lists of names were handed over to Interior Minister Matti Ahtee in 1983.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

The Supreme Administrative Court upheld record-breaking emissions restrictions until then in 1985.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

Drinking water in the metropolitan area is diverted from Askkala, located at the southern end of Päijänne, along the Päijänne Tunnel to Silvola reservoir in Vantaa.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

The name Päijännen is supposedly among the oldest place names in Finland.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

Some other place names that are probably the oldest are names of important bodies of water, such as Imatra, Saimaa and Keitele.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

Water bodies have been particularly important for people in ancient times.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

(See: Finnish water transport) Major waterways and waterways are extensive and well-known landmarks whose names do not easily change.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

The origin of the name Päijänne is unknown, but much thought has been given to the origin of it and the aforementioned major water bodies.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

According to different conceptions, they could be from Finnish or Sami languages, or from the common Stone-Age parent form of the “Cantafinn” language, or even a hypothetical language spoken in the area possibly before the Finnish-related languages.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

[12] According to one conjecture, Päijänne could derive from the verb, which implies warning.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

In this case, the name could come from perhaps around the 10th century, when the Karelians invaded Häme, and often used the Päijäntek watercourse.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

The locals would have made a chain of signs that would have allowed information about the persecuted people to the population centres in Päijänne even before the enemy fleet appeared in sight.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

Päijätsalo, a 192 metre-high island on the shore of Päijänne, could have been the most significant endoscopy and warning site.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

Päijätsalo's good views over the lake are still well known, and today there is a lookout tower.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

However, the theory seems implausible, since the verb is not found as in the North Karelian Kite.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

[12] According to one fanciful explanation model, the name of Päijänne would have evolved from the word “main tendon”, hence the main tendon.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

This would relate to the special significance of the long back of the Päijänne as an access route, from which several bays branching off, at the bottom of which have been inhabited, and at both ends of which can be accessed by rivers to other bodies of water.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

If the origin of the name were this, it would not be possible to ascertain the date of the birth of the name, as the words head and tendon are very old, and were already known in the “North Finnish” language form.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

[12] Passenger transport Shipping was an important mode of transport in Central Finland until the 1920s, but in the 1930s traffic regressed.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

Competition from shipping companies led to concentration.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

When shipping companies ceased operations, all traffic in Päijänne was concentrated in the hands of Jyväskylä—Päijännen Laiva Oy.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

Regular traffic decreased, but tourist traffic kept shipping soas afloat.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

Shipping got an extension due to the war and car and fuel shortages.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

In 1944—1945, not everyone willing could even fit into the ships.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

Ships Finland and Jyväskylä operated the shift traffic between Jyväskylä and Lahti and between Kaima Rutalahti, Korpilahti Oittila and Jyväskylä.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

Shipping operations ceased in 1951 and Jyväskylä—Päijänteen Laiva Oy ceased operations.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

However, tourist tourism has been resumed every summer.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

[13] See also around Päijänne List of the 100 largest lakes in Finland Literature Päijänne, the water of life, edited by Bo Lönnqvist and Ilkka Kuhanen.


Question: What is the deepest point of the Päijänth?

Päijänne

Jyväskylä: Atena, 2007 (Gummerus Book Printing), ISBN 978-951-796-483-8 Suur-Päijänne.


Question: What is the deepest point of Päijänne?

Päijänne

Olli Ahonen, Mikko Hakonen.


Question: What is the deepest point of Päijänne?

Päijänne

Emu Kustannus, 2011.


Question: What is the deepest point of Päijänne?

Päijänne

ISBN 9789526705149 Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Laitinen, Erkki et al.| title = Central Finland roads: Central Finland road district 50 year| location = Jyväskylä| publisher = Central Finland tiepiiri | year = 1997| id = ISBN 951-726-374-0}} Päijänne, Suurjärvi Finland.


Question: What is the deepest point of Päijänne?

Päijänne

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jantunen, Tuija| title = Muinais Baltic Sea, from: Ice ages| location = Porvoo| publisher = Werner Söderström Limited Liability Company| year = 2004| version = editor Koivisto, Berryat| id = ISBN 951-0-29101-3| Citation = 63-86}} error, replace with {{cite book| author = Rainio, Heikki| title = Awesome Latchbacks, from: Ice Ages| location = Porvoo| publisher = Werner Söderström Limited Liability Company| year = 2004| version = editor Koivisto, Berryat| id = ISBN 951-0-29101-3| pages = 87-105}} References * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Wilhelm Richard Wagner (22 May 1813, Leipzig — 13 February 1883, Venice) was a German composer, conductor, music theorist and essayist.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

His notability as a composer is largely based on the operas for which his reformative style is best remembered today.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

In a departure from other great opera composers, Wagner also wrote the librettos for his works himself.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Wagner's compositions, especially in the late period, include considerable use of contrapuncture techniques, exploitation of chromaticity, characteristic harmonies and orchestration, and a rich use of leitmotiv (Leitmotiv), that is, a theme related to specific characters, places or plot points.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Wagner was a pioneer as a user of musical redesigns that greatly influenced European art music, such as extreme chromaticity and rapidly shifting tonal centers.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

He changed thinking about music with his concept of a total work of art (Gesamtkunstwerk), which combines all literary, musical and playwriting arts into one work.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

This thinking culminated in a series of four operas with the Nibelung Ring, completed in 1876.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Wagner also built his own opera house so that his works could be performed exactly as he wished.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Life Wagner was the seventh child in his family.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

His family included a number of teachers and cantors, as well as theatre enthusiasts.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Wagner's father Friedrich Wagner died when the boy was only six months old, and Wagner's mother soon married painter, actor and poet Ludwig Geyer.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

With the guidance of his stepfather (or father, as there was some misawareness about Wagner's real father), young Wagner became acquainted with the world of performing arts, where he was impressed by Carl Maria von Weber's opera The Magic Shooter (Der Freischütz, 1821) and Ludwig van Beethoven's opera Fidelio ( 1805).


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

These influences guided him to a musical career.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Wagner studied music independently.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

One of his overtures was performed at the Leipzig Theatre as early as 1830.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

The following year he began studying contrapunkt and composition at the city university under the guidance of Christian Theodor Weinlig, cantor of the Tuomas Church.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Weinlig performed Wagner's early works such as the C major symphony (1832) as well as some overtures.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Wagner composed songs as well as piano and orchestral music, and soon also his first three operas: Die Hochzeit (1832, unfinished), Die Feen (Holders, 1834) and Das Liebesverbot (The Love Ban, 1835).


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

In 1833, Wagner was admitted as choir director in Würzburg; from 1834 to 1836 he was conductor in Magdeburg, and in 1837 in Königsberg.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

In 1836 he married Minna Planer (1809—1866), but the union became marred by many crises.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

In 1837, Wagner moved as conductor to Riga, where he wrote and composed Rienz's first two acts.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

His aim was to have his operas performed in Paris, to which he travelled via London in 1839.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

A tumultuous sea voyage gave him the inspiration for the opera Der fliegende Holländer (The Flying Dutchman, 1843).


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Despite recommendations on his behalf, Wagner did not get his operas performed in Paris.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

He worked for the publisher Schlesinger, arranging operas for piano and writing articles for the Gazette Musicale, despite which he fell into debt imprisonment in late 1840 for his luxurious life.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Despite adversity, the Parisian years were not in vain: Wagner was deeply impressed by the performance of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony he heard, and furthermore he became acquainted with Hector Berlioz as well as his compositions.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

He sold the sketches of the Flying Dutchman to the director of the Paris City Opera, and the piece was performed in the opera under the name Le Vaisseau fantôme (The Ghost Ship).


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

The Dresden Court Theatre successfully adopted Rienz into its repertoire in 1842, and Wagner decided to settle in the city.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Along with Rienz, the Flying Dutchman as Wagner's own version achieved popularity, and the composer was awarded a court conductor's place at the theatre in 1843.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Tannhäuser's score was completed in 1845, and the same year was premiered.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

In addition, he sketched the operas Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg (Master Singers of Nuremberg), Lohengrin, as well as Götterdämmerung (The Destruction of the Gods; at this point still precursor under the name Siegfrieds Tod, Death of Siegfried).


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

In 1846 he conducted Beethoven's 9th Symphony in Dresden, and the performance became a watershed.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

After studying classical subject matter and Germanic folklore, Wagner had the idea for the nibelungs for a narrative drama in 1848, inspired by the Oresteia of Ancient Greek playwright Aeskhylos (458 BCE.)


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

as well as the Ancient Scandinavian Edda.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Exile In the spring of 1848, Wagner participated in the May Revolution in Dresden, which forced him to go into exile from Germany for eighteen years.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Franz Liszt, who had a deep friendship with Wagner, helped him escape first to Weimar and finally to Zurich in 1849.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Liszt also staged the premiere performance of Lohengri's opera in Weimar in 1850.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

In Zurich, Wagner's political activity turned into writing theoretical and philosophical treatises, the most notable of which are Die Kunst der Revolution (1849), Das Kunstwerk der Zukunft (1850), the anti-Semitic Das Judentum in der Musik (1850), and the one dealing with the idea of a complete work of art Oper und Drama (1851).


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

The years 1850—57 Wagner devoted to the Der Ring des Nibelungen tetralogy (the Nibelung ring), except for a four-month concert trip to London in 1855.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

He completed the text of the Nibelung ring in 1852.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

The first sections were completed: Das Rheingold (Rhineland Gold) 1852—54 and Die Walküre (Valkyria) 1852—56.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Work was interrupted in 1857 for an orchestral sketch of Siegfried's second act, as it proved impossible to execute the celebration show he had planned.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Furthermore, he had begun to be fascinated by the idea of an opera based on the Celtic-derived fable of Tristan and Isolde (Tristan und Isolde, 1857—59).


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

The birth of the work was also influenced by Wagner's love for Mathilde, the poet wife of this creditman and sanctuary giver, Otto Wesendonck.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Wagner composed a series of five songs based in part on Tristan's themes based on Mathilde's poems.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

The affair was revealed, and Wagner was forced to leave for Venice for the winter of 1858—59 and Lucerne for 1859, where he composed the second and third acts of Tristan and Isolde.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

In 1860, Wagner again travelled to Paris, where the three concerts held gained attention but incurred a financial loss.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Tannhäuser (1843—45), whose bacchanal and Venus mountain scenes had been re-edited by Wagner, at the insistence of the emperor, were performed at the city's Great Opera.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

The piece was rehearsed no fewer than 164 times, but because of the scandal provoked by the Jockey-Club, it was performed only three times.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Wagner, however, had had time to get behind a crowd of admirers in Paris, which included the poet Charles Baudelaire among others.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

A late production Wagner was released from exile in 1861, and he went to Vienna in preparation for a performance of the opera by Tristan and Isolde (1857—59).


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

The following year he began to pursue the composition work of master singers from Nuremberg (1861—67), but disagreements with the publisher led to Wagner having to travel for a concert tour as far as Saint Petersburg and Moscow.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

The adversity that accompanied Tristan's submission again led to financial difficulties and, haunted by creditors, Wagner was forced in May 1864 to flee to Munich, where he had been invited by his great admirer, King Louis II of Bavaria.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

The king urged him to continue composing the Nibelung ring.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Tristan was finally performed for the first time in the year on 10 June 1865 at the National Theatre in Munich under the direction of Hans von Bülow.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Wagner prepared Siegfried for the second act score of the opera and Parsifal for the opera.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

[1] The composer was forced to move to Tribschen near Lucerne in 1866 after falling into court disfavour after attempting to exploit the young king to achieve his artistic and political ambitions and, because of this, after receiving the mock name 'Lolus' in Munich as a reference to Louis I to mistress Lola Montez [1].


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

The opera “Master Singers of Nuremberg” (1861—67), finished by Wagner at the Tribschen, was premiered — again under von Bülow — in Munich in 1868.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

The following year, Wagner continued to compose Siegfried and the Destruction of the Gods.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Several writings such as Staat und Religion (1864), Was ist deutsch (1865), Über das Dirigieren (1869) and Beethoven (1870) originate from this period.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

In 1870, Wagner married Cosima von Bülow (1837—1930), who was the daughter of Franz Liszt and former wife of Hans von Bülow.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Cosima acted for her part in the life's work of her spouse even after the composer's death.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Wagner composed a Siegfried idyll in honor of Cosima's birthday in 1870.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

The Wagners had three children: Isolde, Eva, and Siegfried.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Siegfried (1869—1930) also became a composer.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Siegfried's son Wieland (1917—1966), on the other hand, was a well-known opera director and theatre manager.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Wieland's brother Wolfgang (1919—2010) was director of the Bayreuth Opera Festival.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Wagner wanted his graduating operatic tetralogy to have its own grand theatre away from the theatrical life of major cities.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

On his 59th birthday in 1872, the foundation stone of the theatre was laid in the Bavarian small town of Bayreuth.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

With the completion of the Destruction of the Gods (Götterdämmerung) in 1874, preparations began to be made for an opera festival.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

In the summer of 1876, the Nibelung ring was performed three times; artistically the performances were very successful, but financially they produced losses of 150000 DM.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

In 1877, Wagner held eight concerts at London's Royal Albert Hall to cover losses, but the income from these was modest.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

The following year, the composer received a loan from the Royal Bavarian Fund, with the help of which losses could be paid.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Disillusioned with opera festivities, Wagner began composing his last major opera, Parsifal, after 1877.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

The score was completed in Palermo in 1882, after which the composer returned to Bayreuth.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

In the same year, for the festivities for the performance of the work, he received access to the court opera and choir from Louis II, and conducted the final scene of the final performance himself.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Late in 1882, with his health faltering, Wagner and his family moved to the Palazzo Vendramini in Venice.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

There he had time to conduct, in honour of Cosima, his juvenile work, in C major symphony (1832), at the Teatro La Fenice.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

In February 1883, Wagner died of a heart attack.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

His body was taken to Bayreuth, where he was buried in the grave site he had completed in Wahnfried's garden.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Wagner's character Wagner was described in many writings by contemporaries as a delightful persona who, still in his final years, climbed trees for amusement and experimented with standing on top.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

He was also a vegetarian and believed that even the cruelest criminals can often be turned into gentle people only through the right diet (allegedly, he did not give up meat himself entirely).


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Wagner's anti-Semitism meant that he saw the influence of Jewish culture as foreign and unsuitable for German culture.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

As a solution, he posited that Jews should be assimilated into German culture.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

This is the most common interpretation of his writings.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Antisemitism did not prevent Wagner's friendship with several Jews, a few of whom he described in his writings with praise.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Wagner was also a pacifist, which can be seen in some of his operas, such as Parsifal.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Wagner was exceptionally aware of his own importance.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

He considered himself a genius who deserves nothing but the best.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

However, his financial resources were not always sufficient to publish a lavish lifestyle, so his life, until his meeting with King Louis II, was a constant flight of creditors.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

In addition to money, Wagner demanded all sorts of other things from his friends.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

What caused the most stir was when he hijacked from the conductor Hans von Bülow this wife Cosima.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Wagner's overall work of art Wagner's poetry and stage art Wagner reworked opera in many respects and broke habitual formulas.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

His goal was to create a complete work of art (Gesamtkunstwerk) out of the opera, with poem, music and visual factors complementing each other as equally significant elements.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Writing and composing the libretto were one and the same sequence of events for him, so he decided at a young age that he must write his own librettos himself.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

In his opinion, only a composer could know what the texts of music should be like.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

The German Romanticism of the 19th century is strongly reflected in Wagner's choice of subjects.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Wise kings, valiant knights and innocent maidens are an important part of the Wagnerian world.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Most important for Wagner, however, was always the dramatic power of the narrative.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Thus, he was never content to copy old fables as such, but sought to rework them to be more profound.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

He also combined the most diverse influences in the same work.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Wagner sought inspiration from Germanic and Viking mythology, Ancient Greek theatre, Christianity, Buddhism, and philosophy, among others.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

In addition, he actively followed the politics of his own time - the Nibelung Ring tetralogy, for example, can be interpreted as a critique of 19th-century capitalism.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Wagner also left his mark on the performance practices of operas.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

He moved the orchestra out of sight, meaning he invented what is known as the orchestral gnome.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

He also turned off the lights from the stands to make it easier for the audience to focus on the opera itself.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Since World War II, the way Wagner operas are performed has changed greatly.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

The lavish sets of the Romantic period have disappeared from the stage, and conductors, in their interpretations, try to avoid excessive pathos.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

In the Nibelung ring, singers no longer see antler helmets and armour in the style of the old era.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Wagner's music Wagner's music is largely based on a clever use of leitmotiv (Leitmotiv).


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

The purpose of a leitmotif is to maintain the musical unity of the work by symbolizing a particular person, event, or mood.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Beginning with the Flying Dutchman, Wagner began to develop from a particular part (for example, a ballad) into the whole work as a complete weave of spreading thematic material.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Other Wagner reforms in music included a continuous, symphonic stream of melody (unendliche Melodie), a much larger orchestra than before, characteristic harmonic solutions, playing and chord colours, polyphony, ideas about the form of music such as extreme chromaticity in some places, and extension of the tonality concept.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

In opera in particular, Tristan Wagner explored the limits of traditional tonality, pointing the way towards 20th-century atonal music.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Wagner's style has often been regarded as the culmination of the Romanticism period because it explores the possibilities of emotion expression more widely than previously thought.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Wagner's music is often very dramatic and experiential.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

The orchestra plays at least as big a role as the singers.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

It comments on events on stage, hints at future events and recalls things that happened in the past.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

The orchestra thus plays a rather similar role to the choir in plays of Ancient Greece.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Wagner's overtures are known to such an extent that they are also often performed detached from operas.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

For such performances, Wagner separately drafted the endings in the overtures, because in operas they do not end naturally but merge into the first act.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Melodies written by Wagner identified by all include “The Wedding Choir” from Act 3 of Lohengri's opera (which is the most used wedding march in the United States), and “Riding of the Valkyries” from the beginning of Act 3 of the Valkyry Opera.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Operas Wagner's “musical dramas” are his central artistic legacy.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

They are divided into three eras: at the age of 19, in 1832, Wagner first began composing opera.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

However, working on this piece entitled Die Hochzeit (Wedding), he paused shortly after starting.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

The three completed early-stage operas are Die Feen (The Fairies), Das Liebesverbot (The Prohibition of Love), as well as Rienzi.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

The compositional style used in these works was still conventional, and one does not find the innovations that have allowed Wagner to go down in music history.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Later in his life, Wagner said he did not consider early work part of his repertoire.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

He was irritated by Rienz's continued popularity during his lifetime.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Nowadays, Wagner's early production is hardly presented, though you see Rienz's overture in repertoire every now and then.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Wagner's mid-period operas are considered to be of significantly higher standard.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

In them, he seems to have grown his competence as a representative of drama and the art of composing.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

The first work of the middle stage is The Flying Dutchman (1841), followed by Tannhäuser (1843—45) and Lohengrin (1845—48).


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

These are all still widely aired.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Wagner's masterpieces include his late-period operas, which carried the development of the whole art direction forward.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Some consider Tristan and Isolde (1857—59) to be Wagner's greatest single opera.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

The Master Singers of Nuremberg (1861—67) is Wagner's only comedy (apart from the forgotten Liebesverbot).


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

The Nibelung Ring Tetralogy (1852—74) is a series of works based on Germanic mythology of four operas.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

It took 26 years to compose, with performances lasting about 15 hours in total.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

The ring series has been called the most ambitious project in music history.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Wagner's last opera Parsifal (1877-1882), made in anticipation of Bayreuth's opening, is a deep-minded and religious-tinged work based on the legend of the Holy Grail.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Wagner drew the ingredients of his operas from northern European mythology, particularly Icelandic sources such as the Edda goddess cartilage, the Völsunga saga, and the German song of the Nibelung.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Through his works and theoretical essays, Wagner was working on his new vision of opera, which he called music drama.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

It combines all musical and dramatic ingredients into a single work of art.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Wagner makes tough demands on both orchestra and singers in his operas, as his operas are long in duration.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

It is customary to talk about “Wagnerian proportions” when you want to imply something is really big-headed.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Other musical works In addition to his operas, Wagner composed only a few works.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

They include a symphony made at the age of 19, the Faust Overture (which was originally intended to become the first part of the Faust Symphony; no other parts were completed, however), as well as some other overtures, choral and piano pieces and Christoph Willibald Gluck's Iphigénie en Tauride opera re-orchestration.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

The most frequently performed non-operatic work is Siegfried Idyll, a chamber music piece that Wagner composed for his second wife Cosima's birthday; it utilizes music from the Siegfried Opera.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Also well known are the Wesendonck songs, a series of songs composed for piano and female voice, which was performed alongside Tristan and dedicated to Mathilde Wesendonck.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

The curiosity of Wagner's production is the American Centennial March, commissioned from him by the City of Philadelphia at a cost of $5000 for the World's Fair held in the city in 1876.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

After Wagner had finished his final opera, Parsifal, he announced that he would move on to the symphony.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

However, the compositional work did not have time to begin before death.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Influence and aftermath Wagner's life's work has had a very significant, if controversial, impact on art and culture.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

During his lifetime, Wagner received fervent devotion from his admirers, and some raised him to almost divine rank.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Wagner's compositions opened new developments in art music, and almost every composer of the late 19th and early 20th centuries had to reflect on his relationship with Wagner.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Especially directly indebted to Wagner are Anton Bruckner and Hugo Wolf and key Wagner influences are also in works such as César Franck, Henri Duparc, Ernest Chausson, Jules Massenet, Alexander von Zemlinsky and Hans Pfitzner.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Gustav Mahler stated that “There has only been Beethoven and Wagner — after them no one”.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Claude Debussy and Arnold Schönberg's revolutionary changes in harmony, as well as modern tonal language, have often been traced in historical reviews to Wagner's Tristan.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

The Nibelung series, on the other hand, has an important contribution to the development of orchestration — especially for brass instruments.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

In opera, Wagner influences in terms of musical form appear directly, for example, in Italian verism.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

In the 19th century, German musical life was torn by controversy between Wagner's reformist and the more old camp of Johannes Brahms.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Wagner's opponents in his own day included figures who sided with Brahms in musical controversy, led by an influential critic, Eduard Hanslick.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

He was supported by conservative representatives from German musical colleges such as Ignaz Moscheles of Leipzig as well as Ferdinand Hiller of Cologne.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

In Nazi Germany, Wagner was elevated to the rank of national composer; because of this and the composer's well-known anti-Semitism, the performance of his works is still virtually forbidden in Israel; after Daniel Barenboim derived part of Tristan at the 2001 Israel Festival, conductor's performances began to be boycotted in the country.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

However, Wagner is played on Israeli television and radio without any problems.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Wagner gave important influences to the principles and practice of music management.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

His essay on the subject from 1869 continued the thought trajectories of Hector Berlioz, and posited that the conductor should reinterpret the musical work, rather than the purpose of conducting simply to make the orchestra play together.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

The Central European tradition of conductors that followed Wagner's ideas includes such figures as Hans von Bülow, Arthur Nikisch, Wilhelm Furtwängler, as well as Herbert von Karajan.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Wagner also made many changes to the way the opera was performed.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

He was the first to want the lights to be dimmed during dramatic performances, and he was the first to use a sunken orchestral gnome at Bayreuth.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

New ideals for sound use also came with the advent of Wagner, and talk began to be made of the Wagnerian enduring and strong singing voice needed to perform long operas.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Many composers, including Debussy and Pyotr Tchaikovsky, deliberately tried to get out from under the influence they experienced as Wagner's stifling and purposely develop their own expression.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Wagner has also had an influence on literature and philosophy.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Friedrich Nietzsche belonged to Wagner's inner circle in the early part of the 1870s, and his first published work, The Birth of Tragedy (1872), saw Wagner's music as a reincarnation of dionysical European culture against apollonic, rational-winning decay.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

The intervals between Nietzsche and Wagner were broken during the first Bayreuth Festival.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Nietzsche believed Wagner's Parsifal to be a Christian-influenced work, and he scolded Wagner for surrendering to the united German Empire.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

In the 20th century, W. H. Auden called Wagner “perhaps the greatest genius of all time”, while Thomas Mann, who was much influenced by Wagner, as well as Marcel Proust, addressed him directly in his novels.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Similarly, James Joyce addressed Wagner in his books, despite not liking his music himself.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

T. S. Eliot's Desolate Country (1922) borrows much from Wagner's librettos.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Among the French poets Charles Baudelaire, Stéphane Mallarmé, as well as Paul Verlaine admired Wagner.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

What says something about contemporary attitudes towards Wagner is that tickets for Bayreuth's Wagner Festival have sold out for seven to 10 years ahead.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

So there is enough audience, but there is an occasional shortage of qualified singers, as Wagner roles are among the most difficult in the operatic repertoire.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Works Wagner's opera production is often divided into three seasons: 1.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Youth works Die Hochzeit (1832, unfinished) Die Feen (1833—34; premiered in Munich 1888) Das Liebesverbot oder Die Novise von Palermo (1834—35; premiered in Magdeburg 1836) Rienzi, der letzte der Tribunen (1838—40; premiered in Dresden 1842) 2.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Early Masterpieces Der fliegende Holländer (The Flying Dutchman, 1841; premiered in Dresden, 1843) Tannhäuser und der Sängerkrieg auf Wartburg (1843—45; premiered in Dresden 1845 — reformed institution 1860—61; premiered in Paris 1861) Lohengrin (1845—48; premiered in Dresden 1845 — reformed institution 1860—61; premiered in Paris 1861) Lohengrin (1845—48; premiered in in Weimar 1850) 3.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Mature Period Masterpieces Der Ring des Nibelungen (The Nibelung Ring, Tetralogy, 1852—74) Das Rheingold (Rhineland Gold, 1852—54; premiered in Munich, 1869) Die Walküre (Valkyria, 1852—56; premiered in Munich, 1870) Siegfried (1856—71; premiered in Bayreuth, 1876) Götterdämmerung (The Destruction of the Gods, 1869—74; premiered in Bayreuth, 1876) Tristan und Isolde (1857—59; premiered in Munich, 1865) Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg (Master Singers of Nuremberg, 1861—67; premiered in Munich, 1868) Parsifal (1877—1882; premiered in Bayreuth 2) Sometimes seasons are considered to be four; the final season then includes Tristan and Isolde, the Parisian version of Tannhäuser, the Master Singers of Nuremberg, the Third Act of Siegfried, the Destruction of the Gods, and Parsifal.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Other works of overtures: E. Raupach's König Enzio (1832), Cristoph Columbus (1835), Rule Britannia (1836), Polonia (1836), Goethe's Faust (1840; revised version by Eine Faust Ouvertüre, 1855), Huldigungsmarsch (1864), Siegfried Idyll (1870), Kaisermarsch (1871, composed for the newly formed in honor of the German Empire), Grosser Festmarsch (1876, composed for the centennial celebrations of the United States) in C Major Symphony (1832) choral works: Neujahrs-Cantate (cantata for mixed choir and orchestra, 1834), Das Liebesmahl der Apostel (for male choir and orchestra, 1843), An Webers Grabe (1844) solo songs: 7 Kompositionen zu Goethes Faust (1831); Der Tannenbaum (1838); Dors mon enfant, l'Attente, Mignonne, Tout n'est qu'images fugitives, Les deux grenadiers, Les Adieux de Marie Stuart (1840); 5 Gedichte (1857—58) piano te58 Sonata in B major (1831), sonata in A major (1832), Album Sonate (1853), Albumblätter (Album magazines; 1861, 1875), adaptations (among others of Beethoven's Symphony No. 9) Musical samples Tristan und Isolde's Overture Sources Literature The Great Musical Encyclopedia of Otava (1979).


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

CD-Facta in 2004.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

WSOY.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

ISBN 951-0-28676-1.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Herzfeld, Friedrich (1970): Magie der Oper, Verlag Ullstein.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Asikainen, Pekka — Sinkkonen, Jari| title = Richard Wagner: Nibelung ring| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2000| id = ISBN 951-0-24589-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Asikainen, Pekka| title = Space: Wagner Parsifal| location = Helsinki| publisher = Pekka Asikainen| year = 2006| id = ISBN 952-92-0317-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Barker, John W.| title = Wagner and Venice Fictionalized: Variations on a Theme| location = Rochester (N. Y.) | publisher = University of Rochester Press| year = 2012| version=Eastman Studies in Music, 89| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.}


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Bogatz, Thomas — Kuuskoski, Martti-Tapio — Paajanen, Ilkka| title = Tannhäuser: Venus and Saint Elisabeth| location = Espoo| publisher = Richard Wagner cultural association| year = 2006| id = ISBN 951-98971-2-7}}, replace with {{ cite book| author = Drehmel, Jan — Jaspers, Kristina — Vogt, Steffen (ed.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

) | title = Wagner Kino: Spuren und Wirkungen Richard Wagners in der Filmkunst| location = Hamburg| publisher = Junius| year= 2013| isbn = 978-3-88506-029-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Emslie, Barry| title = Richard Wagner and the Centrality of Love| location = Wood| location = Woodland Bridge| publisher = The Boydell Press| year = 2010| isbn = 978-1-84383-536-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Gerck, Martin| title = Wagner: Biographie| location = Munich| publisher = Siedler| year = 2012| isbn = 978-3-880-680-927-1} Replacement error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kuuskoski, Martti-Tapio| title = Parsifal and Richard Wagner's Philosophy of Love| location = Helsinki| publisher = Book at a time| year = 2005| isbn = 952-91-8496-4| format = [Google Books]}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Millington, Barry| title = Richard Wagner: Life and works| location = Turku| publisher = Wagner Society of Finland | year = 2003| version = (Wagner.)


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Translated by Jopi Harri| id = ISBN 952-99184-0-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Müller, Sven Oliver| title = Richard Wagner und die Deutschen: Eine Geschichte von Hass und Hingabe| location = Munich | publisher = C. H. Beck| year = 2013| isbn = 78-3-406-64455-9}} Nurmi, Bruno: Richard Wagner.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Porvoo, WSOY, 1923.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Paajanen, Ilkka: Venice as a dream: accompanied by Wagner in Venice.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Richard Wagner Cultural Society in 2007.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

ISBN 978-951-98971-3-4 Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Parly, Nila| title = Vocal Victories: Wagner's Female Characters from Senta to Kundry| location = København| publisher = Museum Tusculanum Press| year = 2011| isbn = 978-87-635-0771-4}} error, replace with {{cite book| author = Piontek, Frank| title = Plädoyer für einen Zauberer.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Richard Wagner: Quellen, Folgen und Figuren| location = Cologne| publisher = Dohr| year = 2006| isbn = 3-936655-30-8}} Poroila, Heikki: Unified Anton Bruckner and Richard Wagner: Programme list of unified titles of works.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Helsinki, Finnish Music Library Association, 1998.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

ISBN 951-8903-79-4.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Pylkkö, Pauli| title = Richard Wagner as thinker: Antimodernist, natural mystic, gnostic| location = Kiel| publisher = Oven| year= 2005| id = ISBN 3-938382-01-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Riikonen, H. K.| title = Emperor as satirist and other studies on European cultural heritage| location = Helsinki| publisher = Society of Finnish Literature| year = 1998| id = ISBN 951-746-054-6}} Salmi, Hansel: Defending the legacy of Richard Wagner.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Oulu, University of Oulu, 1990.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

ISBN 951-42-2912-6 Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Sonntag, Sabine| title = Richard Wagner im Kino: Studien zur Geschichte, Dramaturgie und Rezeption fillmusikalischer Künstlerbiographien| location = Cologne | publisher = Dohn| year = 2010| version = Musicolbiographien| location = Cologne | publisher = Dohn| year = 2010| version = Musicol.com Onia 8| id = ISBN 978-3- 936655-69-8ISSN}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Tarasti, Eero| title = Heroes of the tunes: European music essays| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 1998| id = ISBN 951-0-22879-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author =, Melanie — Fuhrmann, Wolfgang| title = Ahnung und Erinnerung: Die Dramaturgie der Leitmotive bei Richard Wagner| location = Kassel| publisher = Bärenreiter Henschel| year = 2013| isbn = 978-3-7618-2260-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Vazsonyi, Nicholas.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

) | title= The Cambridge Wagner Encyclopedia| location = Cambridge| publisher = Cambridge University Press| year = 2013| isbn = 978-1-107-00425-2}} White, Michael: Wagner for newlyweds and progresses.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Helsinki, Elm, 1997.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

ISBN 951-887-103-5 Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Väinen, Antti| title = Music and Politics: Essays from Wagner to Sibelius| location = Helsinki| publisher = Like| year = 2005| version = Publisher: Lahti Sibeliustalo| id = ISBN 952-471-514-7}} Watson, Derek: Richard Wagner: Genius and speculator?


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Rajamäki, Hellas piano, 1983.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

ISBN 951-9226-00-1 Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Wagner, Richard| title = Life| location = Turku| publisher = Faros-cost| year = 2002| version = (Mein Leben, 1870—1880.)


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Translated by Saila Luoma| id = ISBN 951-98968-0-5}} Weinhold, Klaus — Paajanen, Ilkka: This beautiful Dresden: Richard Wagner on the Elbe in Florence.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Richard Wagner Cultural Society 2009.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

ISBN 978-951-98971-4-1 Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Vierimaa, Irma & Kilpeläinen, Kari & Sivuoja-Gunaratnam, Anne (ed.


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

) | title = Bridges and Syntheses: Essays on semiotics, culture and art| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 1998| id = ISBN 951-662-746-3}} On the topic elsewhere Poroila, Heikki — Tuohiniemi, Jaakko: (full composition production listed).


Question: What did Richard Wagner die of?

Richard Wagner

Free scores by Richard Wagner at the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP) IMDb.com Category:Essayists Category:German composers Category:Pacifists Category:Those born in 1813 Category:Composers of romance Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

Half-Life (stylized as HλLF-life) is a first-person shooter game developed by Valve Corporation and originally released by Sierra Entertainment in 1998 for Windows.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

Later, the game was also translated for PlayStation 2.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

A version planned for the Sega Dreamcast was completed but never released.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

Linux and OS X versions were released in January 2013.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

Half-Life is one of the most popular and successful video games of all time.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

It sold a total of around eight million copies worldwide.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

[1] Along with its tremendous success, it won over 50 “Game of the Year” awards in 1998—99 [2] and revolutionised the first-person shooter genre by introducing a realistic gaming environment, plot transport implemented with programmed scenes, and non- playable characters.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

[3] [4] Half-Life is considered one of the milestones of video gaming.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

[3] [4] The protagonist of Half-Life's story is Gordon Freeman, a 27-year-old scientist and experimental assistant working at the Black Mesa Research Institute in the New Mexico desert.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

At the beginning of the game, Freeman completes an experiment that fails and opens an interdimensional portal between Earth and the bizarre Xen dimension.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

Freeman seeks to shut down the portal and escape from the ruined Black Mesa, but his task is hampered by hostile alien beings appearing from Xen, as well as a Hazardous Environment Combat Unit Special Unit sent by the US Armed Forces, who have been given orders to eliminate all employees of the research institute.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

As a result of the game's popularity, Gearbox Software, under Valve, developed three add-ons for Half-Life, Opposing Force, Blue Shift, and Decay, released for Playstation.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

The games included the same story from different characters' perspectives, as well as e.g.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

new weapons.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

Along with additional discs and a sequel, numerous mods have been developed for the game, including Counter-Strike, which is popular around the world, as well as Day of Defeat, known for its difficulty.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

In 2004, Valve Corporation released a sequel to the game called Half-Life 2, which, like its predecessor, became a success.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

The game received two more additional episodes.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

Playing in Half-Life, plot transport is implemented instead of intermediate videos with “scripted scenes” utilizing the game's graphics engine.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

[5] Scripted scenes range from significant plot twists all the way to small details.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

The entire game environment is filled with small scripted scenes; for example, a monster might appear in front of the player's eyes as if out of nowhere.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

The game is also not divided into separate levels; instead, all game environments are interconnected, though thanks to the linear design of the environment and scripted scenes, the player continuously moves forward in what is known as a pipe.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

Due to the design of Half-Life's gaming environment, the game has short load breaks where the game loads the next game environment.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

However, the game is divided into “episodes”, the start of which is announced by text appearing on the screen.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

The game is depicted from the perspective of player character Gordon Freeman.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

The only thing the player sees from him is the arms carrying the gun.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

Freeman doesn't speak once during the entire game, but the player can hear his vocalizations when touched by fire, for example.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

The protagonist was designed so that the player's reactions would be those of Freeman, helping the player identify with the protagonist.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

Freeman does not work in the game entirely alone, as at times he may encounter friendly guards and scientists: guards are capable of giving him fire support and scientists may allow him access to guarded areas (as are guards) or give him a healing health injection.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

In a departure from the main characters in first-person shooter games that preceded Half-Life, such as Doomguy or Duke Nukem, Freeman is not a trained soldier but a scientist caught in a desperate situation who, apart from the “Hazard Course” training track, has no combat experience in which he gains a few guns for the use of special training.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

Freeman's ability to survive normally severe or even fatal blows is explained by the fact that he is dressed in a HEV armour suit designed for dangerous scientific experiments.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

Half-Life's arsenal of weapons consists of a pistol, revolver, submachine gun, shotgun, hand grenades, rocket launcher, and crossbow.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

Towards the end of the game, however, the player also gains possession of a few sci-fi type weapons.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

In the High Definition Pack, the MP5 submachine gun was replaced by the M4 carbine.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

Most weapons also have a secondary attack; for example, a secondary attack from a submachine gun triggers a grenade launcher connected to the weapon.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

The most peculiar and at the same time most famous of the game's weapons is the crowbar for hand-to-hand combat, which has since become a kind of Gordon Freeman's “trademark”.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

The artificial intelligence of Half-Life's NPC characters received much praise from game critics and contributed significantly to the development of artificial intelligence in later first-person shooter games.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

[6] Enemy soldiers encountered by the player do not attack from the front, but aim to strike from the side or back.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

Soldiers also know how to take cover behind terrain obstacles, cooperate and smoke the player out of their hiding place using hand grenades.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

Also, many of the game's monsters have obvious patterns of behaviour; bullsquids, for example, thrive in poison waste pools and houndeyet move in hordes, most often in the vicinity of electrical appliances such as generators.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

Along with fighting, there are points in the game where the player must solve some sort of puzzle task in order to continue progressing.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

For example, in the “Blast Pit” episode, the player encounters a huge tentacle monster; the player cannot kill the monster with his own weapons, but he can destroy it by launching a rocket engine under which the monster has settled.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

Along with the usual manoeuvre, the player can be accessed in the episodes “Blast Pit”, “On A Rail” and “Apprehension” to move around in an old train car.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

The story of Half-Life has taken no influence from Stephen King's Mist short story and Id Software's Doom game.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

The stories are united by the fact that there is a certain gap or rift between the earth and another dimension through which hostile beings penetrate the human world to cause destruction and chaos.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

The plot of Half-Life begins with a lengthy introductory scene in which Gordon Freeman, a 27-year-old scientist and trial assistant, travels through the underground Black Mesa research facility aboard a modern train car.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

During the scene, the player sees the employees of the research institute working and at the same time he is presented with his future game environment.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

When the train car stops at Sector C train station, a security officer appears and lets Freeman out of the train.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

At the end of the train journey, Freeman arrives at his workplace and wears his armored HEV suit, after which he takes part in an experiment at test chamber c/33-a.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

[7] Scientists observing the experimental chamber inform him that Freeman's job is to push the crystal into the counterpiece spectrometer.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

Immediately after this, the counterpiece spectrometer overloads and the crystal causes a scientific phenomenon known as the “resonance cascade”.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

The scientists overseeing the experiment are unable to turn off the device, and die from an electrical charge discharging from the spectrometer, leaving Freeman to his own devices.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

Freeman remotely transitions into a dimension called Xen.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

For a brief moment, he sees various life forms of Xen until he returns back to Earth and loses consciousness.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

When Freeman wakes up, the resonance cascade has ruined the entire research facility and most of his co-workers are dead.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

[8] Freeman exits the test chamber, after which scientists who survived the accident urge him to leave the facility and aim for ground level.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

Soon, Freeman learns that a resonance cascade has opened a portal between Earth and Xen through which alien beings originating from Xen are capable of appearing in the interior of the facility.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

As the creatures exhibit hostile behavior and attack the Black Mesa employees they encounter, Freeman is forced to defend himself and confronts more staff members who survived the accident.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

[9] Freeman is informed that the United States Armed Forces have sent a Hazardous Environment Combat Unit special unit to the facility, tasked with fighting alien creatures.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

It soon becomes apparent that the soldiers have also been given orders to eliminate all Black Mesa employees so that they cannot tell about the aftermath of the resonance cascade or the secret investigations of Black Mesa.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

[10] In addition to Xen's creatures, Freeman is also forced to kill soldiers who burn out of the desire to catch Freeman.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

Freeman is aiming for the Lambda complex, where, according to the hearing, scientists can solve the accident.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

Seeking to the Lambda complex, Freeman encounters an enormous tentacle monster on his way, which he is forced to kill in order to continue his journey at the research facility.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

[11] After the death of the tentacle monster, Freeman must launch the abandoned railroad at Black Mesa, [12] after which he travels across the research facility to the launch center, where he must launch a space rocket — scientists say launching a rocket is capable of 'undoing' the resonance cascade effects.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

[13] As Freeman seeks to leave the facility, he finds himself in a battle with secretive black operatives.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

[14] Although he manages to kill the commandos, he is captured by two Hecu soldiers.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

The soldiers attempt to kill Freeman in a garbage crusher, but he manages to escape and invades Black Mesa's waste treatment facility.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

[15] From the waste disposal plant, Freeman gets into Sector E's biovault complex where Black Mesa scientists have been capturing the Xen fauna since before the resonance cascade.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

[16] Freeman rescues three scientists who let him out of the research facility to the ground where the only remaining route to the Lambda complex is located.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

Outside Black Mesa, Freeman is forced to maneuver through minefields, rock ledges and ruined structures.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

[17] At the same time, Freeman discovers that the research facility has been transformed into a battleground between soldiers and aliens, and that with increasing male losses and fleet losses, HECU has received orders to withdraw from Black Mesa.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

As Freeman approaches the Lamdba complex, he uses equipment abandoned by soldiers to order an airstrike, enabling him to penetrate the tunnel leading to the Lamdba complex.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

In the tunnel Freeman is forced to move through Black Mesa's canal system, [18] followed by entering the Lamdba complex.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

[19] At the Lamdba complex, Freeman is forced to turn on the complex's generating system, after which he encounters scientists who tell him that the rocket launched earlier by Freeman was unable to shut down the portal between Earth and Xen.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

According to them, some kind of powerful alien being living in Xen maintains the portal, so the only way to solve the accident is to slay it.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

Scientists use the secret remote transfer of the Lambda complex and use it to transfer Freeman to Xen.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

Freeman travels across Xen and in the process encounters countless alien creatures, [20] including a spider-like gonarch creature.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

[21] Freeman succeeds in killing the Gonarch, after which he ends up in a bizarre factory complex, where he discovers the Xenians planning a large-scale grand attack on Earth.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

[22] In the factory, Freeman, using the Xenians' remote transporter, is forced into a cave, where he encounters Nihilanth, the Xen alien leader who maintains the portal between Earth and Xen.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

[23] After a long duel, Freeman kills Nihilanth and meets the mysterious, briefcase-carrying “G-Man”.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

G-Man disarms Freeman and expresses interest in the scientist's fighting skills.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

After this, G-Man gives Freeman two options: either face a huge army of Xen creatures without weapons, or alternatively move into the service of G-Man's “employers”.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

Since the latter option leads to the events of Half-Life 2, it is seemingly the “correct” ending in terms of the plot continuum of Half-Life games.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

Although Half-Life's story breaks cliffhanger-style “unfinished”, the ultimate fate of the Black Mesa research facility left unclear in the game is revealed in Half-Life's add-on, Half-Life: Opposing Force.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

Tracks Black Mesa Inbound Anomalous Materials Unforeseen Consequences Office Complex “We've Got Hostiles” Blast Pit Power Up On A Rail Apprehension Residue Processing Questionable Ethics Surface Tension Forget About Freeman!


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

Lambda Core Xen Gonarch's Lair Interloper Nihilanth Black Mesa devastation reportedly survived Gordon Freeman Barney Calhoun Alyx Vance Eli Vance Isaac Kleiner Arne Magnusson Wallace Breen Rosenberg Walter Bennet Simmons Adrian Shephard G-Man Unknown number of HECU and Black OPS soldiers Unknown number of XEN creatures Unknown number of Race X-creatures.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

Add-ons and Sequel Add-ons Three add-ons have been released for Half-Life: Half-Life: Opposing Force (Gearbox Software 1999) Half-Life: Blue Shift (Gearbox Software 2001) Half-Life: Decay (Gearbox Software 2001) One sequel has been released to Half-Life: Half-Life 2 (Valve Corporation 2004) There is much speculation about whether Half-Life 3 is in development.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

HL3 itself is already a global meme but Valve has officially confirmed that there will be no third part.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

Developments behind Half-Life were computer programmers Mike Harrington and Gabe Newell, who as former Microsoft employees had acquired a million fortune for themselves.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

[24] In 1996, they co-founded Valve Software, a gaming house, and started designing the company's first computer game.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

[24] Harrington and Newell decided to make it a first-person shooter game because with the popularity of Doom and Quake, shooting games were among the most common and popular computer games.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

[24] After the game type had been decided, Harrington and Newell contacted id Software's lead programmer John Carmack, from whom they requested permission to use the Quake game engine.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

[25] Carmack did not agree to their requests, but Michael “Mike” Abrash, a computer programmer who was one of Harrington's friends, persuaded Carmack to change his mind.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

[25] Based on the Quake game engine, Valve developed its own GoldsRC game engine.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

The game's publisher was pledged by Sierra Entertainment, whose CEO Ken Williams had stated that he was interested in Valve's game project.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

[26] Before Half-Life, first-person shooter games were simple about running from place to place and shooting enemies, so Valve wanted a plausible plot and milieu in their game.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

The award-winning science fiction writer Marc Laidlaw, who had become known for the science fiction novels Daddy's Nuke and The 37th Mandala, was recruited to be the screenwriter of the game.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

The story, scripted by Laidlaw, was partly based on horror writer Stephen King's short story The Usva, which had been published in a short story collection titled After Midnight.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

[27] Originally the name of the game was supposed to be Quiver, [27] but Newell renamed it Half-Life; the name is from the English language and means “half-life”.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

As a reference to the name of the game, Half-Life's emblem acts as the Greek letter lambda, which is the rate constant of radioactive decay in physics.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

Also, the names of Half-Life's add-ons are references to scientific terms: Opposing Force is a “counter-force” and Blue Shift is “blue transition”.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

Admittedly, Opposing Force as a counterforce also means exploring the game from a different point of view of a special forces soldier.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

Similarly, the term Blue Shift also means a shift in a (blue) uniform and/or a night shift to refer to the part played by guard Barney in events at Black Mesa.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

In 1997, Valve introduced Half-Life to the general public at the E3 trade show in Los Angeles, where the game was voted the fair's best.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

[26] Originally, Half-Life was to be released in conjunction with Quake II in December 1997, but Valve was unhappy with Half-Life's game design and decided to delay the game's release for a year.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

[28] Every map, character model and scripted scene in the game was redesigned, alongside which Valve's programmers improved the game's artificial intelligence and map design.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

Once the work was completed, Valve introduced the revamped Half-Life at the 1998 E3 trade show, where Half-Life won two Game Critics Awards in the categories “best action game” and “best computer game”.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

[28] Half-Life was finally released on November 19, 1998.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

The Black Mesa Scientists were voiced by actor and comic book artist Harry S. Robins, who later also served as Isaac Kleiner's voice actor in Half-Life 2.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

Half-Life: Uplink Half-Life: Uplink is a single-player demo by Half-Life, released on February 12, 1999.


Question: When was Half-Life released?

Half-Life

Uplink introduces enemies, characters and weapons in the game, but it doesn't really relate to the events of the finished game unlike the first demo Half-Life: Day One.