Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The United States sent its soldiers to Vietnam because it feared Vietnam would fall to communism and become a communist support zone from which the revolution would be exported to neighboring countries, and eventually all of Southeast Asia might fall under communist rule.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

According to Eisenhower's domino theory, communism might thus spread beyond Southeast Asia.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

[7] The Viet Cong had begun operations in 1957 and expanded into a functioning guerrilla movement by 1959.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

By 1962, the United States increased the number of its military advisers from 700 to 12000.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

That same year, the Viet Cong received sizeable arms aid from China.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The South Vietnamese fought the guerrillas by rounding up farmers in protected villages.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

However, many times it happened that the village, fortified by the government, was subdued by Viet Cong guerrillas, causing the regime to arm the guerrillas.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

[8] [9] In September 1963, the Diệm government fell, and subversive generals rose to power.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

By October 1963, there were already 15,000 American advisors in Vietnam.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

On 8 March 1965, the first American combat troops made the landings at Da Nang with a force of 3500 Marine soldiers.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

In 1963, Vietnam had 23300 U.S. soldiers, 184,000 in 1966, 450,000 in the summer of 1966, and during Nixon's presidency, 540,000 at the end of 1968.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

[9] In 1967, North Vietnamese fighters flowed south with 20,000 men per month along a new road network known as the Ho Chi Minh Trail.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

[10] As the United States was unable to win the war quickly, it was forced to increase the number of its soldiers.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

In the early 1960s and middle stages, the guerrillas held separate areas only in rural areas, and stalemate prevailed despite fierce fighting and bombardment.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The US bombing did not cut off the influx of men and weapons from North Vietnam.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The United States could not destroy these guerrilla support areas, but the guerrillas were unable to expand their territory either.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Diệm's brother raided Buddhist monasteries, prompting widespread protests.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Generals under Diệm obtained permission from the American embassy, seized power, and imprisoned Diệm and his brother.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

[11] Diệm was slain shortly after the hijacking with the blessing of the United States, although the Kennedy administration expressed public regret over the affair.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

US Central Intelligence Agency CIA analysts estimated in 1966 that the United States would not win the Vietnam War.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

This despite the fact that some CIA leaders believed the US would win the war.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara read a war pessimistic report by CIA analysts in August 1966, and recommended to the president an end to the war.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The president disregarded McNamara's proposal [12].


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Opposition to the war increased strongly in the United States in late 1967 when most of the people opposed the war.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Initially supporting the Vietnam War, Robert McNamara, the United States Secretary of Defense, resigned from the Cabinet.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

In the fall of 1967 there was a huge anti-Vietnam War demonstration in the United States


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

[13] By the beginning of 1968, there were 15000 dead in the war, including 9000 from 1967.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Towards the end of 1967 there was three weeks of fighting in the Dakto Mountains and two months in Khesanh: the US forces lost 500 and the Vietnamese 10000 troops.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

In 1967, 90,000 guerrillas fell.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

This is how the Americans thought they were winning because they had a more firepowered army at their disposal and they won every significant battle.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Massive Aerial Bombardment and Air War Aerial bombardment In December 1963, North Vietnam decided to send its forces south.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

In 1964, construction began on the Hồ Chí Minh Service Road on the site of an earlier service trail.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

In 1964, 10,000 North Vietnamese arrived in South Vietnam and 35,000 the following year.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The Viet Cong had about 170,000 guerrillas in 1964.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Small landings were made from South Vietnam into North Vietnamese territories with the U.S. Navy assisting South Vietnam in its operations by providing intelligence.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

According to import-time estimates by the US military, even large numbers of troops would not be sufficient to defeat the Viet Cong, and air raids would not be effective.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Many of the US president's advisers disregarded those assessments much.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Deputy Foreign Minister George Ball warned against meddling in Vietnamese affairs, citing French experience; in the opinion of French President Charles de Gaulle, Vietnam was a “rotten country.”


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The United States began bombing North Vietnam shortly after North Vietnam allegedly attacked by torpedo boats against US ships Maddox and Turner Joy in the Gulf of Tonkin.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

This was related to U.S. and South Vietnamese operations in North Vietnam.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The last reason for the air raids was that in February 1965 Viet Cong forces attacked South Vietnamese garrisons at Pleiku and Quy Nhơn, leaving 38 US soldiers dead.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Shortly thereafter, bombers from the carrier Ranger embarked bombers into North Vietnamese airspace for bombing flights.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Meanwhile, Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin was on a visit to the North Vietnamese capital Hanoi.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

North Vietnam served as a support area and source of weapons for the Viet Cong guerrillas, making North Vietnam a target for the U.S. war effort.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The United States dropped more bombs on North Vietnam than it did on Germany and Japan in World War II; the bombs were predominantly World War II surplus, and due to their high consumption, for example, the Federal Air Force of Germany recalled aerial bombs it received from the United States for use in Vietnam.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The justification for massive aerial bombardment was to break the Vietnamese will to fight, although this had been found, for example, in the Battle for Great Britain, German bombings and the Korean War as unlikely and even reversed as the result of bombings.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

North Vietnam strengthened its air defenses with Chinese and Soviet support.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

President John F. Kennedy ordered the first air raids on the North.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Operation “Rolling Thunder” (“rumbling thunder”) was the largest single airborne operation of the Johnson government.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

It began about six months after the Americans began an intervention in Vietnam in 1965 that lasted until 1968.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The bombing mission was considered ineffective by U.S. soldiers, as policymakers had narrowed many militarily important targets out of it.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

On 8 December 1965, President Johnson of the United States informed Maxwell Taylor, Ambassador to South Vietnam, that the main objective of the bombing campaign would be to boost the morale of the South Vietnamese and not so much to influence North Vietam [14].


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

He's 31.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

He's 12.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

1967, the United States Department of Defense reported that 864,000 tons of bombs had been dropped on North Vietnam during Rolling Thunder, which is more than the 653000 tons of the Korean War or the 503000 tons of the World War II Pacific combat zone [15].


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The bombing killed 52,000 North Korean soldiers and 182,000 civilians [16] [17].


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

US losses were 1,054 killed, wounded or captured [18] and 922 aircraft [18] [19] The aerial bombardment was not, strategically speaking, a military success, and they turned the mood against the Americans.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

One of Rolling Thunder's targets was a bridge called Paul Doumier in the southern part of North Vietnam.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Much of the guns had passed across the bridge; however, it was always available to the Communists, and although its immediate area had been bombed “like a lunar landscape”, the bridge was not significantly damaged.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Aerial bombardment also extended to Laos and Cambodia.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The home fields of bombardment squadrons were often located on Thai soil at Ubon Ratchathani and Sattahip, where the United States built the U-Tapao Field.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The Thai military government turned out to be a loyal supporter of the United States in the Vietnam War.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

As aerial bombardment began, North Vietnam began receiving anti-aircraft missiles, fighter jets and radars from its military ally the Soviet Union, but Soviet-made anti-aircraft missiles proved poor in hit accuracy.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The planes were mostly shot down by it cannon fire.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The United States suspended aerial bombing of the North in 1968.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

In 45 months, about 1,000 aircraft had been destroyed and 643,000 tons of bombs dropped.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

[20] In 1971, bombardment of North Vietnam was resumed, and in 1972 Operations Linebacker as well as Linebacker II were launched to eliminate negotiating objections raised during the Paris peace talks.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

[21] The Fighter War in Vietnam was also fought as a fighter war.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The United States downed 217 aircraft, North Vietnam 121 and the Chinese eight.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The observation radar used by the Vietnamese was called the Fan Song.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

[22] The main US fighter aircraft type was the F-4 Phantom II, which was also used in bombing missions.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

It had no fixed cannon armament, and its pilots were trained in modern missile warfare rather than archaic archaic battle.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

However, fewer drops were made by missiles in the skies of Vietnam than with cannons.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The most reliable fighter design in North Vietnam was the MiG-21 in the late 1960s; prior to that, the MiG-17 and MiG-19 had also proved difficult to drop, while lightweight and motion-capable.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

They also proved dangerous for heavy B-52 bombers.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

This is why bombing raids were mostly done by fighter jets.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Fierce fighting took place in the air among fighter jets.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Initially, the Americans were successful, but as the late 1960s approached, the Vietnamese began to achieve more and more victories.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

This led, among other things, to the establishment of the Navy Air War School (“Top Gun”) in the United States.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Initially, US Phantom fighters shot down a large number of Russian-made MiG fighters, compared to the capacity of the North Vietnamese Air Force, about four MiG fighters per one US shot down.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Many Vietnamese planes were destroyed at their airfields because, in the early 1960s, the United States was allowed to bomb North Vietnam in a fairly leisurely manner.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Afterwards, the bombing became politicized, and Hanoi and other cities, with Soviet and Western missions among others, were subject to a bombing ban.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Presidential consent was required for each bombing operation.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Although the United States in a short time destroyed the entire fleet of machinery from North Vietnam, this received replenishments to replace them.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The limiting factor was the number of pilots.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

If Vietnamese pilots who were shot down fell on their own soil and were not seriously maimed, they returned to their jobs.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

There were also improvements in battle tactics on sides and otherwise.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

During the closing stages of Rolling Thunder, the Vietnamese downed five U.S. planes for one MiG-21 shot down.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The Vietnamese learned group-fighting tactics and joint operations with air defense.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The increase in US air combat losses also came as it increasingly recycled its soldiers in the Air Force as well, and sent men completely deprived of combat experience and poorly trained to air combat.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

This is understandable because one of the goals of the war was the pursuit of soldiers for a possible major war.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Vietnamese pilots operate in combat surprisingly by attacking US planes from behind, a classic tactic of lower-performance aircraft (such as the MiG-17).


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Many times, the American people still got turned to their advantage.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The United States was retrofitting more and more cannons on its Phantoms because the missiles were not suitable for air-fighting at low altitude, for example.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The Sparrow missiles used by the United States were poor in accuracy because they were often used in what is known as quick-launch mode, where the missile had not had time to target properly.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

For every ten Sparrows launched, only one MiG was dropped.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Nor did the Sidewinder perform satisfactorily in hand-to-hand combat; improved versions of it during the war were developed.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The United States found itself outnumbered in the air as early as late 1967.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

During the first half of the year, one Phantom shot down 13 MiG-21s, but towards the end of the year the drop ratio swung to 5:1 in favour of the Vietnamese.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

In 1967, the United States downed 13 planes, but of these only one was a MiG-21.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The Vietnamese, on the other hand, downed 12 U.S. planes with MiG-21s and one on other planes.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The MiG-21 Soviet-made Atoll missile was better suited to Vietnamese type air combat than US missiles, but even that still didn't work very well.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Ground combat aircraft and helicopters The United States used in the war with success ground combat aircraft and helicopters.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The AC-130 “Spectre” was a heavy fire support aircraft armed with large-caliber guns and small-caliber autocannons.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Bell UH-1 Iroquois “Huey” was usually armed with an M60D machine gun.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Helicopters were used in combat, for the transport of the wounded, for the most diverse missions.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The North Vietnamese army downed more than 4000 helicopters.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

[23] Têt attack The most important celebration of the Vietnamese year is the New Year Reception (Têt), which is celebrated for four days.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

To the full surprise of the Americans, the conclusion of the Têt celebration on 31 January 1968 saw the beginning of a major assault on cities by rural guerrillas in South Vietnam.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The attack was made at the time of the armistice concluded at the suggestion of the Viet Cong.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The Cải Chi tunnels made a surprise attack possible, but equally a significant role was occupied by locals, many of whom helped the guerrillas.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Wilfred Burchett, who served as a correspondent in the region, asked Nguyen Van Hieu to give his opinion on official reports from Washington that FNL forces did not receive the assistance they hoped for from the civilian population in carrying out an attack on the cities.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Hieu replied: “Without the support of the townspeople, we would not have been able to carry out such a large-scale attack.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The support of the people contributed decisively to our victory.” The Têt Offensive was the turning point of the Vietnam War.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

70,000 guerrillas took over a total of one hundred small and large population centers.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Strikes were carried out on all major population centers.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

General Giap had begun planning the attack as early as 1967.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The minimum objective of the Têt offensive was to end the bombing of North Vietnam and forcing the United States to the negotiating table.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The main objective, of course, was to drive out US troops.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Although not entirely successful in its objective, the Têt offensive went down in history as a major guerrilla offensive operation.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Viet Cong guerrillas took over the Mekong River delta out of 16 out of 13 cities.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

A small commando group of guerrillas attempted to capture the U.S. embassy in Saigon.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

However, the strike failed.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The guerrillas also attacked U.S. and Vietnamese army headquarters.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Fourteen commandos hijacked a Vietnamese radio station, and remained trapped inside the station for 14 hours until the Americans blew them up along with the station.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

By mid-March, 50,000 Vietnamese and about 6000 U.S. and South Vietnamese army soldiers had been killed in the offensive.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

In the city of Khe Sanh, the Americans eventually prevailed: 10,000 Viet Congs were killed, but only 500 of US marines perished.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Although the Têt offensive failed militarily, it was a major psychological victory for the guerrillas, and began to turn public opinion in the United States against the war.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Defeat of South Vietnam See also: Second Battle of Saigon The United States stopped bombing North Vietnam in 1968, and focused on bombing an important Ho Chi Minh supply road.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Because public opinion in the United States strongly opposed the war, Richard Nixon's government was forced to initiate a process dubbed “Vietnamisation”, which meant replacing the United States Army with troops of the South Vietnamese Army.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The operation was completed in 1973, when the Americans, following a peace agreement, began withdrawing from the country.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The South Vietnamese troops received the best possible armament from the Americans, but there was something to be desired in the military's fighting spirit.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

In the early 1970s, the area controlled by Viet Cong guerrillas grew throughout the period.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Without the help of U.S. troops, the South Vietnamese government remained afloat for only two years.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

In January 1973, the Paris Peace Agreement was concluded, whereby the United States withdrew from Vietnam and fighting ceased between the South and North.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

However, in December 1974, the Viet Cong and North Vietnam began an offensive, the Ho Chi Minh Campaign, which ended in defeat for the South.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

On April 30, 1975, North Vietnamese forces entered the South Vietnamese capital of Saigon.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

As South Vietnam's loss was confirmed, 81 U.S. helicopters carried away 1,000 U.S. and 6000 South Vietnamese in 19 hours.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

For every South Vietnamese evacuated, there were dozens who would have liked to be included in the helicopters.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Today, the day is celebrated in Vietnam as a double celebration with Labor Day.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

War Parties Although the Vietnam War is described as having been fought by a broad alliance, most of the states on the side of South Vietnam sent only a formal unit of troops to honor their alliance relations with the United States.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Great Britain sent no troops at all.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

A relatively large number of troops were obtained from South Korea, financially supported by the United States.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Australians also participated in the war with their own troop units.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Thailand, too, sent some troops into the battle.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Finnish Lauri Törni participated in the war through the American ranks under the name Larry Thorne.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The parties to the battle were principally the US Armed Forces and the Army of the Republic of Vietnam versus the FNL guerrillas and the People's Army of Vietnam.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The job description of the participants depends on the political point of view.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

For its part, the United States was defending the South Vietnamese people from the invasion of North Vietnam as well as by its allies China and the Soviet Union.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

North Vietnam, meanwhile, saw itself continuing the struggle for independence begun in the Indochina War, seeking to unify the provisionally divided Vietnam under the terms of the Geneva Agreement.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

These conflicting views caused the first peace talks to turn into a dispute over the status and relations of the parties.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Vietnam War losses and other figures U.S. soldiers served alternately in the Vietnam War totaling 2.59 million, of which at most about 500,000 at any one time.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

There were 58193 American casualties and 304,000 wounded, 75,000 of them seriously.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Among the dead were 11398 under the age of 20.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The majority of U.S. soldiers were Caucasians, but proportional to the population, blacks and Latinos outnumbered whites.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The fighting was even more devastating for the Americans than in World War II, as helicopters were used to move soldiers more easily across terrain to blockaded battle sites.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

North Vietnamese and Viet Cong guerrillas killed between 0.5 and 1.1 million and 600,000 wounded.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Vietnamese civilians were killed around two million.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Viet Cong guerrillas killed 36725 in the war and captured 58499 lives.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

They focused on leaders who were viewed as, among others, teachers in schools.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Although there are no corresponding statistics on the number of people killed and captured by the U.S. military, each side committed a number of war crimes and questionable methods.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Later, U.S. President Jimmy Carter stated that the U.S. did not need to apologize to the Vietnamese because “the devastation was mutual”.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Legal Status: War or Conflict?


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Today, the crisis is almost invariably referred to as the Vietnam War, but in time it was referred to by the term “Vietnam conflict”.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

This reflected the fact that war had not exactly been declared.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

In the post-World War II world, the concept of war had changed and, like the Korean War, was seen to be more about a police operation than an actual state of war.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Proponents of the war argued that the conflict was something less than war, and that the United States was in fact merely supporting its ally in danger, and that a declaration of war would have been a mere formality.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Opponents said the lack of a declaration of war would make the entire war illegal.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The contradiction could have been taken to the US Supreme Court, but this was not done.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Why the United States lost the war over the Vietnam War it has been said that the US won all the battles but still lost the war [24] and that the war was “eradicated on the home field, even when won on the battlefields”.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The war was a tiring battle won by a more tenacious party.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The United States did not commit its full force to the Vietnam War and misappropriated the South Vietnamese military due to losses.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

But the Viet Cong and the North Vietnamese army wanted to win the war with disregard for major losses.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

This was in part because the communist-Vietnamese were waging a patriotic war on their own soil.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Americans fought a war far away in Indochina that they didn't experience as their own.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

[25] As the war dragged on, it jaded in place and came losses.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Losses and human rights abuses turned people year by year increasingly against the war, such that in 1967 just over half of the American people opposed the war.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The sensation-seeking, critical press actively sought errors in the actions of Americans.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

[26] Thus, supporters of the war lost the “information war” on their home fields.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The bombing failed to break the enemy's will to fight and weapons supply.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The tet offensive by the Communists in 1968 was defeatist.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

But it succeeded so well in the beginning it turned Americans against the war.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The Vietnam War paid off, and tax dollars had a use for things like social programs.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Nor did the United States invade overland North Vietnam, from where fighters and weapons were flowing into South Vietnam.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The United States perhaps feared Chinese and Soviet reactions.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

In the 60s, the United States attacked only from the air and with the help of special forces against the guerrilla supply road.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Special forces had great difficulty in the jungle.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

By the time the United States made a ground invasion in the early 1970s, the enemy had had time to branch the supply road into numerous routes and even then the service road was not broken.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The South Vietnamese government and the U.S. military lacked broad enough support from the South Vietnamese people.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

[27] The government forcibly displaced the population from the war domain to “protected villages”, leaving the relocated people bare on the trees.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

But the Viet Cong had enough support in rural areas.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

[28] There were many flaws in the strategy, battle tactics, training, number of men, armament, and motivation of the United States Army.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The weapon usually used by US infantry was unreliable.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

[29] One soldier usually fought for a year at a time in Vietnam, and thus experienced troops were unable to emerge.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

[30] The enemy effectively used ambushes, traps and mines.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The AK-47 used by the North was a powerful and reliable weapon.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

[31] Search and destroy operations were many times futile, because after a victorious search and destroy operation, the opponent sent new forces into the area after the Americans withdrew.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

[32] [33] In the 1960s, the United States did not adequately equip South Vietnamese troops.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

[34] The terrain favored guerrilla tactics.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The Viet Cong always sought to choose the time of battle carefully.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The U.S. air gun was strong, but enemy skills against it evolved with the times.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Boat refugees after the fall of Saigon and the reunification of the countries, many of those involved in the South Vietnamese regime lost their status or were put into re-education camps.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Later, in 1979, Vietnam fought a brief border war with China, which made ethnic Chinese in the country feel threatened.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Economic lows and poverty also increased the willingness to leave Vietnam in hopes of better conditions.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Together, these reasons led millions of South Vietnamese, and later during the second wave of the early 1980s also North Vietnamese, to go into exile by water on flimsy rafts.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

They began to be referred to as “boat refugees”.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Some were robbed and murdered at sea by Indonesian and Thai pirates.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Those rescued were even forced into refugee camps in Thailand, Hong Kong, the Philippines and Malaysia for years because after the initial period it became very difficult to find willing recipients.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Alu's sympathies for refugees evaporated very quickly, and boat refugees were branded as living standards refugees.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Most people had the hope for a better livelihood.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

In general, Vietnam did not exert repression on those who left.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

In the late 1990s, after Vietnam liberated its economy, many returned back to the homeland.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The last boat refugees (a group of 200 in the Philippines) were not granted asylum until 2005.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Finland received the first Vietnamese quota refugees in 1979.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

More than one million Vietnamese eventually fled to the United States


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Significant concentrations also emerged in France, Australia, West Germany and some other countries.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The effects of war on the United States The war had a strong impact on US social policy opinions, especially young people of large baby boomers.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Both opponents and supporters defined their foreign and domestic political lines through the war.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Many Americans who left the war returned from the war severely wounded or mentally disabled.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

A total of 58,000 US soldiers died; it took a long time before they received their memorial because the war was perceived as a defeat the United States was not used to.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The transition to a professional army was one consequence of the Vietnam War.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Under Reagan, despite the arms race and patriotism, we were very cautious in military operations precisely because of the specter of the Vietnam War.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

It is later estimated that 830,000 Vietnam War veterans suffered from mental woes, but only about 55000 of them sought reparations and about 28,000 received compensation.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

[35] The war was strongly supported and opposed in the United States and Western Europe, but opponents eventually became the overwhelming majority.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Attention was attracted by millions, predominantly young people, demonstrating against the war.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

In the United States, anti-war campaigners were also allowed to face authority violence, culminating at Kent State University in Ohio when, in May 1970, the National Guard opened fire on a peaceful anti-war demonstration, killing four students.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

[36] Forced recruitment was initiated and was also used some times on known members of the peace movement.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Among the most famous opponents of the war placed on the recruiting list was professional boxing heavyweight world champion Muhammad Ali, who refused forced recruitment, stating religious reasons as justification, adding that “no Vietnamese have ever called me a Negro.” Ali was fined $10,000 for front desertion and lost his championship title.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

[37] [38] In Western Europe, the debate and debate was accompanied by frustration that Western European influence had withered, alongside the United States and the Soviet Union, to a small one.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Western Europe also feared itself of coming under Soviet attack, and consequently negotiated solutions were seen as desirable.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Many returnees from the war experienced great difficulties in reintegrating into society — especially as the 1970s were a time of economic recessions and long-term unemployment.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The war did not prepare soldiers for civilian work.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Furthermore, in Vietnam's jungle warfare, U.S. soldiers had to confront and kill enemies much closer than in previous wars.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

This brought further psychological trauma to the returning soldiers.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Opponents and defenders of the Vietnam War waged a significant propaganda war through the relays.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The grand bombing and the Têt Offensive were part of the propaganda war.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The war crew was formed by volunteers from rural areas (mostly Caucasians) and merit-seeking metropolitan dwellers (remarkably low-achieving blacks) who, unlike young people who excelled in urban schools, had not received exemption from the war, for example, university- because of studies.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

One of the big talking points was drugs linked to the Vietnam War.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

One study estimated that 10 percent of those who served in Vietnam tried heroin.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Drugs were readily available in Vietnam, which has been suggested to have slightly increased post-war drug use in the United States.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Some opponents of the war viewed veterans of the war discriminatory, causing some veterans to find social adjustment difficult.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Discrimination was common in the 1970s, but as medicine recognized post-traumatic stress disorder and Vietnam War veterans' organizational activities gave rise to more sympathies.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Unlike benefits for World War II veterans, the additional benefits received by Vietnam veterans were very minimal.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Dealing with the Vietnam War in American popular culture Movies and Novels The Vietnam War was, even after its end, a sensitive subject in the United States and was not desired to be addressed in films.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

In literature, however, the war was already addressed shortly after its demise, and David Morrell, for example, provoked heated debate with his book Manhunt, which appeared in 1972.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

In the book, a Vietnam War veteran named John Rambo, upon returning to his homeland, finds himself discriminated against by the community and, due to the traumas he has received from the war, starts his lonely war against the police force of a small town.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Morrell has said the book's idea to move the Vietnam War to U.S. soil.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The book was adapted into a 1982 film The Fighter, with the lead played by Sylvester Stallone.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

A very notable book about the Vietnamese guerrilla movement (Viet Cong) is “thus acting Vietnamese guerrillas” by Wilfred Burchett.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The cautious line in films regarding the Vietnam War changed when Michael Cimino's The Deer Hunter received five Academy Awards in 1978 (among them the Academy Award for Best Film) and Francis Ford Coppola's Book of Revelation.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Now, in 1979, two Academy Awards.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Since then, several mainstream films dealing with the Vietnam War have been made in the United States.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The best known of these are Stanley Kubrick's Full Metal Jacket (1987) and the Vietnam trilogy based on Oliver Stone's own experiences, whose first volume, Platoon — Young Soldiers (1986), received four Oscars.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The Vietnam War is also flanked in the film Forrest Gump (1994).


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Music Many rock musicians in the United States were highly critical of the Vietnam War, and some also expressed it in various media very audibly.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

The musicians' anti-war sentiment was also reflected in their songs, many of which have emerged as classics of their time.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Early known songs critical of the war included Country Joe and the Fish's “I-Feel-Like-I'm-Fixin'-to-Die Rag” (1967), The Doors' “The Unknown Soldier” (1968), The Rolling Stones' “Gimme Shelter” (1969), and Creedence Clearwater Revival's “Fortunate Son” (1969).


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Following the aforementioned songs, a large wave of songs critical of the Vietnam War began, including such songs as Black Sabbath's “War Pigs” (1970), Jimi Hendrix's “Machine Gun” (1970) Edwin Starr's “War” (1970) and John Lennon's “Happy Xmas (War Is Over)” (1971).


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Years after the Vietnam War, many songs critical of the war were made, including Bruce Springsteen's “Born in the U.S.A.” (1985), Public Enemy's “Black Steel in the Hour of Chaos” (1989), and Slayer's “Mandatory Suicide” (1990) and Paul Hardcastle's “19" (1985).


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Some American radio stations refused to play Hardcastle's single because it was deemed to be un-American.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

Also, several records by thrash metal band Sodom (such as M-16 and Agent Orange) are about the Vietnam War.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

See also United States in Laotian Civil War Pots Plateau List of Finns who participated in the Vietnam War Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lewis, Adrian R.| title = The American culture of war: The history of U.S.


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

military force from World War II to Operation Iraqi Freedom| publisher = Routledge| year = 2007| isbn = 978-0-4159-7975-7}} References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kallonen, Kari| title = Blue-Green Berets: Finnish soldiers in the Vietnam War| publisher = Northern Lights | year = 2006| isbn = 952-5170-56-X}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Wiest, Andrew| title = Vietnam War| location = Jyväskylä | publisher = Thought Books| year = 2009| version = Translated by Simo Liikanen| isbn = 978-951-20-790}} On topic elsewhere Puhakka, Olli: Agricola News and Discussion Forum (22.3.2013).


Question: What year did the Vietnam War end?

Vietnam War

* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

Submersible ball is a tactical and fast contact sport played in deep, most often swimming pool jumping pools.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

Submersible ball is considered a tough species, because mainly the game takes place at the bottom of a swimming pool at a depth of about 4 meters.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

However, playing succeeds, even if you're not hardwired.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

As a simplified goal, the game is to get a sinking ball into the baskets at the bottom of the pool ends.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

Submersible ball is a very tactical game because of its three-dimensionality.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

Both the ball and the opponent can come from any direction.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

In addition to the normal directions — forward, back, right and left — you can also use up and down directions in the sink ball.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

Since the game takes place predominantly beneath the surface, there is very much tactical significance in the game when a player dives.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

At some point, however, comes the need to come back to the surface to breathe.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

Although the game is very physical, there are rarely injuries in it.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

Playing field, teams and gameplay The depth of the playing field The depth of the pool varies from 3.5 to 5 metres.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

The field is 8—12 in width and 12 to 18 metres in length.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

On the edge of the pool are exchange areas with benches and ice benches.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

The ground judge and 2 water judges control the game using a buzzer and hand signals in the water.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

One of the two water judges uses compressed air equipment and observes the game from the bottom of the pool.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

The land judge is assisted by the scribes, the timekeeper and the supervisor of exchanges.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

Paint and Ball The sink ball goals have two sturdy metal baskets that are at the bottom of the pool against the wall, in the middle of each end.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

The height of the paint is 450 mm, and the diameter of the padded top is 400 mm.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

The ball is a black and white or full-red plastic ball filled with salt water.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

Thus, the ball is made heavier than water and more sinkable.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

The sinking rate of the ball is about a metre per second.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

The circumference of the ball is 530 mm for males and 500 mm for females, meaning it is a little smaller than a bowling ball.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

Playing time Playing time in a normal length match is 2x15 minutes of effective playing time.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

There is a 5-minute break between the batches.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

In this case, the teams also switch sides.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

The length of the refrigeration is 2 minutes.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

Each team is entitled to one minute-long timeout per match.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

Submersible ball team A maximum of 15 players can be used per match, 6 of whom are simultaneously in the water, 6 on the interchange bench resting and 3 in reserve.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

The interchange players from both teams sit on the interchange bench during the game and dive into the game through the interchange area.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

The exchanges take place flying as in hockey, for example.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

During the match, one is allowed to change the reserve player two times.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

Start of the game At the start of the match the ball is at the bottom of the pool in the middle of the playing field


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

Both teams should then be on the basket line in the water, at least one hand touching the wall.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

The interchange players sit on the interchange bench.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

The ground umpire starts the game with a long continuous beep; at the same time, the game clock is triggered.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

Teams dive toward the ball, and the struggle to win the game begins.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

Game play Players are on a water shift in the pool for 1—2 minutes making about 10—40 second dives.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

In between, visit the surface to fill the lungs and dive back to the appropriate spot.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

Inhaling through a snorkel on the surface allows the game to be followed at all times.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

The ball is carried and fed from player to player, advancing towards the opponent's basket.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

The goal is to push the ball into the opponent's basket.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

It is easy to overtake an opponent in a three-dimensional element, but it is already more difficult to make a basket.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

Overwhelming situations are, too, in this sport, goalie nightmares.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

The player entering the exchange nimbly twists to the edge of the pool, causing his interchange player to dive through the exchange corridor into the game.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

After the goal, the players return to their ends.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

The decorated team then attacks from their own end after receiving the mark.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

Player Missions A good player will be able to play all game slots if necessary.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

The attacker will also have to defend and the defender to attack.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

All players are required to fill the goalkeeper position if necessary.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

Despite this, players specialize in different tasks: as goalkeepers, defenders or attackers.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

The submersible ball court has left and right sides too, so there are also right and left wide receivers, corresponding defenders, centre-forward and goalkeeper.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

In practice, however, the goalkeeper and the centre-forward play the same position: there are two goalkeepers when defending and there are two centre-backs when attacking, whereby these players are alternately on the bottom, as the air runs out in the middle though.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

The team has two fielders, so almost every fielder has a replacement man.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

The goalkeeper position is normally rotated by three players, one of whom is in turn at the exchange.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

Forbidden Things In the game it is forbidden to attack equipment.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

It is also forbidden to kick, punch or choke an opponent.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

Tackling or catching a ballless player is not permitted.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

The basket must be covered only with the body and the basket must not be grasped.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

Only the ball holder may be grabbed to deprive the ball and the ball holder may grab the ballless player.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

When the ball comes off, the player must be let go immediately.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

Afterplay is punished.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

The ball may not be carried or thrown above the water level.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

Gaming Equipment Each player is equipped with basic equipment including a mask, snorkel, ear guard and flippers.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

Males also have lower head protection.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

In addition to these, teams wear white swimsuits and caps or blue swimsuits, caps and wrist bands accordingly whichever side they play.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

Mask A good mask has heat-tempered glass, so there is no need to fear the fragments that can arise from possible breakage.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

The mask must have the widest possible field of view and its air volume should be as small as possible due to the comfort of use.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

In general, however, it is worth paying attention mainly to air volume — the field of vision can be expanded quickly by turning the head slightly.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

The tightness of the mask is definitely its main feature.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

They are produced in a wide variety of models, each of which, by fitting, will find a mask that fits closely to their own face contours.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

Whoever needs glasses can wear contact lenses (I prefer cheap disposables in case they get washed away in the water).


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

For some masks, it is also possible to obtain optically milled lenses.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

You should make an inelastic backpack strap so called stiff straps, so that the mask does not fall off the head or full of water all the time, light shocks when the mask comes very often.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

Snorkel A snorkel is a simple tube that attaches to the thong of the mask; it has a mouthpiece to be inserted between the teeth.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

The snorkel should be large enough in diameter and, on the other hand, small enough in length to minimise the amount of air left unchanged in the tube.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

At the same time, the emptying of the snorkel can be done faster as well as air intake


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

If the snorkel is too long, as is often the case, it can be cut off, for example, with a knife a little shorter.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

However, here it is worth being careful, so as not to cut his snorkel too short.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

The edges of the cut-off point should be sanded or cut slightly rounder.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

The snorkel should not be too hard either, so as not to accidentally spear fellow players.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

This can be tested by squeezing the head of the snorkel with your fingers into the lump.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

Fins As flippers are usually used in a sink ball, as they are lighter and do not have buckles that need to be protected.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

In addition, they are often cheaper than open-heel flippers.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

The flippers are available in both softer and stiffer versions to choose from which fit your own foot and your own kick.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

It is worthwhile, if only possible, to try to test the suitability of the flipper for itself before acquiring it,.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

Cap Caps are therefore blue and white; they must have ear protectors and a game number according to the rules.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

Contrary to the common misconception, ear protection does not prevent the feeling of pressure fluctuations.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

In reality, the shield is to prevent the earlobe from rupturing.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

It also protects the eardrums from bursting in possible contact situations.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

In official matches, there must be no two players of the same number in the team.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

Other fittings Other fittings that can be used in the sink ball include dental protectors and lower protectors for men.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

Only models that protect the upper teeth are used as tooth protectors — they do not interfere with breathing.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

Some players do not wear dental protectors because they feel they, along with a snorkel, fill the mouth too much.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

Any sub-protectors used in hockey, for example.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

Some players consider the slightly longer model used by hockey goaltenders as a more comfortable option, but in general there is no need for this.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

See also World Submersible Ball Championships European Sinkball Championships Sources quoted in part from http://www.uppopallo.tk.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

Moved to.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

The article has been brought to Wikipedia by its original author.


Question: What is the depth of the sink pool?

Sinkball

On topic elsewhere *


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Oulun Kärpät is a Finnish ice hockey club founded in 1946.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Kärpät has won the SM-liiga of ice hockey eight times.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[1] In the 2000s, Kärpät won a medal for seven consecutive seasons (2003—2009), a record for Finland.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[2] The team plays its home match at the Oulu Ice Hall, which was completed in 1975, which is named Oulun Energia Arena according to the sponsor.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[1] The name of the club was also proposed, for example, Pallo-Kärppi, but the current name was decided mainly because Kärpät received the Pori Kärppien rules as example rules from the Palloliitö.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[3] In 1946, only football and ice ball were included in the sport range of Kärppien.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[3] Hockey came along in 1947, and the first game in hockey was played in 1949.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Kärpät became a specialist club for ice hockey in 1974 when football was abandoned.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Bicebo operations had been discontinued as early as 1955.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[4] Women's baseball was also proposed as the club's fourth sport, but the proposal failed to win support.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[5] Furthermore, the dissolution of the club was discussed in 1957 at a board meeting due to the abysmal financial situation.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

However, despite the losses, the operations were decided to continue.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[6] Kärpät has played continuously in the SM-liiga since season, and 2017—18 season is 33 in Kärppien.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

at the main series level.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[1] History Establishment of the club Oulun Kärpät was founded in 1946 when student friends Eero Tauriainen, Jouko Lahti and Jorma Nykänen had the idea of creating a sports club in Oulu.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

After the founding decision, they wrote to the Finnish Pallfederation, where they tried to order instructions and model rules.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

When no response came, the trio contacted the chairman of the Pallolio Northern Finland district, Bo Segerstråhle.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

He felt there were already enough balling clubs in a city the size of Oulu.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Segerstråhle, however, only commented “I do not deny, nor do I tell”.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Eventually, the necessary letter came from the Ball Federation.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[7] The founding meeting was held on 15 May 1946 in the youth house of the Oulu Evangelical Lutheran Congregation in Raat.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[7] The most popular games football and ice ball were selected as the sports.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Ilmari Mattila was elected chairman because members of the founding trio were still minors.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[3] The club was named Oulun Kärpät 46 because the Oulu people had received the Pori Kärppien rules from the Ball Association and did not need to be changed like the name of the city.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

In addition, the fly attracted a wide range of mental images, such as that it is a small and nimble northern predator.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[3] The fly is also a provincial animal of Northern Ostrobothnia and appears on the coat of arms of the province.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[8] According to the rules, “the purpose of the club is to develop the hobby of ball playing in and around Oulu.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

“[7] Beginning of action Kärpät played his first football game on 6 June 1946 on the field of Toppila Parish House against Toppilan Kisa.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

The match finished tied 4—4.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

The ice ball was fought for the first time in November of the same year.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

In both sports, Kärpät played at the provincial and district level at the end of the 1940s.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

In ice ball, the first official victory came in January 1948 over Raahe Vesa, in a provincial series match.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[7] [9] Ice hockey was introduced into the program at the first annual meeting in January 1947 and at the same time the first hockey division in Oulu was created.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Jouko Lahti was elected as its chairman.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[5] [10] The Finnish Ice Hockey Federation promised the first club in Oulu to take hockey into its program, equipped with ten rackets and five pucks.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[10] At the time, ice hockey was still a marginal sport for amateurs in Oulu, and it was even laughed at in bandy circles.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[10] However, in 1948, the first ice hockey special club Oulun Ice Hockey Players was founded in the city, and the Oulun Luistinseura and the Oulun Työkäen Pallojat also took the sport into their programme.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[7] Kärp became a specialist club for ice hockey when it was decided to discontinue ice balling in 1955 and football in 1974.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[4] The first hockey match Kärpät therefore played his first hockey game on Sunday, January 30, 1949, defeating Raahen Vesa with goals 5—3.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Kärppien's best player was Tauno Ollikainen, who scored two goals.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

The match played in Sanka Snowtail was watched by 200 spectators at the Central Field in Oulu.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Kärppien's victory was a surprise, because hockey had been played in Raahe for a few years.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

In their home match a few days later, Raahelinen won Kärpät 14—0.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Coach Jorma Nykänen said the big-digit loss was due to “overworking.”


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

According to Kips' then striker Eero Tauriainen, players had to clean the ice themselves on batch breaks because the field manager acted on instructions he received.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[12] The following winter, Kärpät was the only team from Oulu to participate in official league games.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Kärpät was runner-up in the northern block of the Provinasarja and rose to Suomensarja for the next season.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[7] When the Kärppien ice hockey team began to be successful, hockey became the club's number one sport.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Biceball was abandoned in 1955.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Kärpät pruned entry into the SM-series in 1956 but was unsuccessful.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[4] Economically, due to war reparations and recovery from war, the 1950s were a scarce time throughout the country, and Kärpi did not have a single financial supporter.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

The first jerseys were purchased from army surplus warehouses and the rackets were varnished many times so that the secretion tape would not be worn so quickly.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[4] Due to the difficult financial situation, there was even discussion of disbanding the club, but the decision was made to continue in spite of the loss.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Playing football in the provincial series in 1957 cost the club 40000 marks.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[6] Kärppien football team played its best in the second-highest league level in Suomensarja in the 1962 season.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

It compiled 12 points in its 22 games, winning five matches, but fell last in the North Group of the series split in three blocks at the time and dropped back into the lower tiers.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[13] [14] Kärpät rose to the SM-sarja of ice hockey in 1960, becoming the northernmost team to play at the highest Finnish league level.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Prior to that, the northernmost had been Hermes of Kokkola, which was however relegated the same year from the SM-series to the Finnish series.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[15] In the same year, the Finnish Ice Hockey Federation authorised the Swedish model to use advertisements on jerseys.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

The first sponsor of the Kärppie was Oulu Savings Bank.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[6] [16] The first SM-sarja game was played against Helsingin Kääkkalubi on 4 December 1960.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

The match was suspended because there was too much water on the pitch.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[6] Although the Ouluans felt that HJK players had pressured the umpire to stop the match, as Kärpät controlled the game.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

The rematch, which HJK won 3—5, was followed by a total of 6500 spectators in Oulu, 6000 of whom were paid.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[17] Kärpät was relegated from the series at the conclusion of the season, but the team bounced back for the 1965—1966 season.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[16] However, the team remained ninth in the series and was again relegated from the SM-sarja.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[18] Kärpät returned to the SM-sarja for the 1967—1968 season, but the result was weaker than previous seasons: Kärpät was completely without points in the whole series, 20 matches were played.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Kärpät scored 21 goals and let in 166 goals.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[19] The last time in Finland's highest league level completely without points was Turun Palloseura in the 1947—1948 season.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Only eight matches were played at the time, though.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Since the 1967—1968 season, no club has gone without points at the highest league level.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[20] In the 1960s, Kärpät won the Finnish series twice, in 1965 and 1967 [21].


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Although after the 1965—1966 season Kärpät was relegated again from the SM-sarja to the Finnish series, the first star player from Oulu, Esa Peltonen, played in the team.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Peltonen transferred from Kärp for the 1966—1967 season to Upon Pallo, becoming the first Oulula-based player to join the national team.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[22] Pelto is considered a symbol of Oulu hockey.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[23] In 1960, Kärppien junior work began with Erkki Koret's performance, which has produced several top players up to the NHL.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[24] An artificial ice track was completed in 1965 in Raksila, and playing conditions continued to improve when the Oulu ice rink was built in 1974.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

In January 1976, a women's section was established.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[24] Kärppien's hockey activities became more professional in the 1970s, and since 1974 the club concentrated only on ice hockey.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Paavo Pikkarainen was hired as Kärppie's first Executive Director in the same year, who held the position until 1986.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[22] 1974—1977: I-Divisiona In the 1974—1975 season, the Finnish sarja had been replaced by I-division.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Kärpät finished fifth in his first season.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[25] In the 1975—1976 season, it finished second in Division I [26] but only qualified for league qualification after defeating Saimaa Pallo, who was tied with it, in a rematch with Saimaa Pallo, with goals 6—4.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[27] Oulu was drawn, [28] and the home team emerged victorious after scoring three goals in the first period.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[27] In Liiga qualification, Kärpät finished third but qualified for a rematch with Kiekko-Reipa, who finished second on the same points.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[28] The rematch was again drawn in Oulu, [28] [29] but the match was won by Kiekko-Reipas with a sudden death goal in the second minute of the second ten minutes of the intended overtime.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[29] In the 1976—1977 season, Kärpät won Division I.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[30] In the Liiga Qualifier, it finished second and qualified for a rematch with Forssan Palloseura, who collected the same score, for an SM-liiga place.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[31] Kärpät won the match played in Oulu with goals 9—3 and advanced to the SM-liiga.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[24] [32] Jouko Kämäräinen and Kai Suikkanen scored two goals each, with Reijo Ruotsalainen and Hannu Aravirta, who rose to fame once.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[32] 1977—1989: In the SM-liiga season, Kärpät was seventh in the SM-liiga regular season and Henry Saleva won the points exchange with his 60 power points.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Kärppien Markku Kiimalainen was the top scorer in the SM-liiga with 31 goals.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

He was also selected as the best rookie of the season, and head coach Kari Mäkinen was chosen as the best coach of the season.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

The team's home games were watched by a total of 105236 spectators, the most for the entire league.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[33] On the other hand, the season was worse, with Kärpät finishing last, tenth in the regular season, and only after qualifying.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

However, Kari Jalonen of Kärppien was selected as the rookie of the season.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[33] [34] Mikko Leinonen, former player of Tampere Tappara, Sweden, who won gold at MODO Hockey, came to Kärppi for the season.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[35] Kärpät was third in the regular season and faced regular season runner-up, HIFK Hockey, in the semi-finals.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

HIFK won the opening match in overtime with goals 4—3, but Kärpät levelled the series in their home match with goals 3—1.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

However, HIFK then won twice, with goals 6—3 and 2—4, and qualified for the final.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Kärpät, on the other hand, was relegated to the bronze match, facing Turun Palloseura.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Kärpät won the opening match with goals 2—12 and secured the bronze medal by winning the second match with goals 8—7.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

The winning goal was scored by Reijo Ruotsalainen just three seconds before the end of the match.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

It was the first time a Kärppien representative team won a medal at the main league level.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Pekka Arbelius was selected as the rookie of the season [33].


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[34] Kärpät was third in the regular season, and the most effective player from Kärp was Mikko Leinonen's most powerful 16+36=52.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

In the first round of the playoffs, Kärpät faced Ilves of Tampere, which Kärpät won by matches 2—0 (5—1 and 2—5).


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Next, Kärpät played against TPS.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Kärppien won only the fifth match in overtime when Juha Tuohimaa scored the winning goal.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

The final was up against Tappara.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Tappara had home advantage in the final series, and Tappara won the first match with goals 5—2.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

The second match, played in Oulu, was scored 6—1 by Kärppien.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Tappara won a repeat of their home match, now scoring 13—2.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

The SM-liiga championship might have been decided in the fourth game, which was played in Oulu.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Among other things, the newspaper Helsingin Sanomat wrote that Kärp has no chance and Tappara's championship would be clear.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Kari Mäkinen, the head coach of Kärppie, took the newspaper story to the locker room and put it on the wall.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Kärpät won the match 6—1, and the settlement moved to the fifth match to Tampere.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Kärpät won the last match with goals 2—5 and at the same time the first SM-liiga title in their history.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

The winning goal of the match was scored by Kari Suoraniemi.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

The playoff points exchange was won by Kari Jalonen with his 21 power points.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

At the end of the season, among others Reijo Ruotsalainen, Mikko Leinonen, Kai Suikkanen and Jalonen and Suoraniemi left Kärp.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Tappara's head coach Rauno Korpi blamed his own gambling errors in his book “Co-op in Working Life”, published in 2004, for Kärpät winning the championship.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[34] [36] Kärpät was ranked number five when the regular season ended.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

On 19 November 1981, Kärpät was involved in making SM-liiga history when, in a match against Kiekäkoripa, a Kärppien player received a five-minute penalty.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

During that ice, Kiekokoripas scored four goals, which is still a record in the SM-liiga.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Admittedly, the record has been paged twice.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

The puck wing eventually won the match with goals 14—4.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[37] In the quarterfinals, Kärpät faced Pori Ässät, who was better, however, winning 2—1.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[34] Kärpät was again relegated to league qualification in the season when Kiekko-Reipas won the rematch instead of eight.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

However, Kärpät next defeated Joensuu's Kiekko-Pojat by match 3—2 and narrowly avoided relegation.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

At the end of the season, head coach Mäkinen left and was replaced by Pentti Matikainen.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[34] [38] In Matikainen's first season,, the regular season ended in the third state.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Kärpät took 25 more points than last season, though there were now one more matches played.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Five national team players played in Kärp as well as Suikkanen, Suoraniemi and Jalonen who returned from the NHL.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

The team also featured Robert “Bob” Miller, who is considered one of the best foreign SM-liiga players.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[34] [38] In the quarterfinals, Kärpät won the sixth of the regular season by winning 2—0, but Aces was better in the semi-finals, now I won 3—2.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Though the fifth match wasn't resolved until overtime.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Kärpät eventually won bronze as TPS lost to Kärp by winning 2—1.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

After the medal games, Miller was expelled from the country, having been sent two cannabis cigarettes in a letter from the United States which had ended up with police officers.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[34] [38] Kärpät was runner-up in the regular season, and in the semi-finals against Ilves, who were better in the end winning 1—3.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

In the bronze match was set against Aces, who was defeated by Kärpät in the end, winning 2—1.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

In the season Kärpät was fourth in the regular season, [34] but one special event was seen in Oulu early in the season: head coach Matikainen grew tired of refereeing activities, and ordered the players to the suit booth eight minutes before the end of the match.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Kärpät was eventually fined 25000mark and Matikainen was given a ban on trustee, so for the rest of the season Kärppi was coached by Hannu Aravirta.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[38] Kari Jalonen of Kärppien was the second most effective in the regular season (19+35), and in the semi-finals against Kärppi came Tappara.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Tappara won the series cleanly 3—0, but Kärpät won bronze before TPS with a win 2—0.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[34] Kärpät surprised the hockey experts in the season by winning the SM-liiga regular season.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Jalonen won the points exchange by setting a “forever unbeatable” record: he scored 29 goals in 44 games and provided 64 assists leading to goals.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

The 93 power points is still the SM-liiga single-season point-scoring record.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

In the semi-finals, Kärpät defeated HIFK by winning 3—1, but in the final match Tappara was better with 1—4 wins.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

At the same time, Kärppien audience numbers began to drop, and after the spring Pentti Matikainen left Kärpät and took over as national team coach.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[38] During the season, Kärppi was coached by Kari Mäkinen.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Kärpät was sixth in the regular season and missed the playoffs.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

At the same time, the club's finances began to deteriorate: it cost a lot to travel, and when no success came, spectator numbers were left small.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Poor economy made it difficult to acquire players, so in the season Kärpät remained 11th in the SM-liiga, though only a point away from the ranking with which qualification would have been avoided.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

In the early season, Kärppi was coached by Esko Nokelainen, but because the season was underperforming, he was replaced by Jaakko Palsola and Ari Hellgren.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

In qualifying, second in Division I, Helsinki Jokerit relegated Kärpät to Division I.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Teemu Selänne of Jokereet scored seven goals in five games.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[34] [38] 1989—1994: Division I When Kärpät was relegated to Division I, the goal was to quickly climb back into the league.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

For this purpose, among other things, the slogan “evil comes back” was created, which, although later changed to “evil come back”.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

The ascent to the league was made more difficult when another traditional league club, Pori Ässät, was relegated to the division.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Aces won the division, and Lahti Kiekko-Reipas also went ahead of Kärppien in the league table.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Kärpät made a loss of 500,000 marks in the season.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[39] Kärpät came second in the 1990—91 season after JOKP, but Rauman Lukko still kept Kärpät in the division, winning 3—1.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[40] In the following 1991—92 season, Kärpät was second again, this time after Kiekko-Espoo, and in the qualifier came Tampereen Tappara.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Tappara eventually retained their league place with a win of 3—1.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[41] At the conclusion of the season, Iiro Itämies of Kärppien was selected as rookie of the year.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[42] During the 1992—93 and 1993—94 seasons, Division I was played under the name Finlandia-liiga.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Kärpät did not even make it to the qualifiers in the 1992—93 season, but was fourth in the regular season.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

In addition, Matti Veivo was badly injured in a match against Junkkareja in Kalajoki.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Veivo was tackled headfirst to the edge and sustained a permanent spinal injury.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[43] Kärpät began to take risks in the 1993—94 season and offer large player rewards.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Both former and future stars arrived in the team, such as Kari Jalonen, Harri Aho, Pekka Arbelius, Ilkka Sinisalo and Reijo Ruotsalainen.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Jouni Loponen, Hannes Hyvönen and Petri Pakaslahti were also raised from their own juniors.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[39] [44] The Raksila ice rink was full to the brim when Reijo Ruotsalainen, who played at number 10, returned to Oulun Kärppi.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

However, the Swede played only four matches in which he scored one goal and five assists leading to a goal.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[44] The early season was brilliant, and the success overshadowed the fact that the economy was in an even weaker state.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Player fees went partially unpaid and star players left the club before the transfer limit expired.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Jalonen left for Lukko and at the end of the season won bronze in the SM-liiga, and Sinisalo moved to Ilves.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

The most famous player to stay in Kärppi was Pekka Arbelius.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[39] Kärpät ultimately did not even make it to league qualification but remained fifth in the regular season.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Marko Lapinkoski [42] was selected as the “Fair Play” player of Division I.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Kärppie's finances were already in such bad shape that the club lodged an application with the court for a debt restructuring.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

However, it was no longer accepted by creditors, so Kärpät Hockey Team filed itself for bankruptcy.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[39] Under ice hockey federation rules, a team could only regain playing rights after moving first to a lower league level, so Kärpät played in the 1994—95 season in Division II.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[45] 1994—95: II-division Kärpät began to plan to return to the SM-liiga under the leadership of Finnvera's business manager Seppo Arposen in 1995, when the Oulu economic area also began to experience strong economic growth.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[46] The Board of Kärppien was restructured and the 1994—95 season was pushed through with a budget of 800000 marks.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

The player contracts caused problems as it was unclear whether they were pledged by the Arsenal bank or belonged to the bankruptcy estate.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Eventually, it was concluded that Kärpät bought the players from the bankruptcy estate.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Board members were initially forced to take out loans on their own collateral, as after the recession the bank did not make loans against player rights.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

One major problem was the small admission box office receipts: the hall might have held 2000 spectators, of whom only 1,000 had paid.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Kärpät decided to give up the free cards.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[47] In the 1994—95 season, Kärp played almost exclusively young people.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

The regional development system of Kärppien gathered promising juniors in addition to Northern Ostrobothnia, Central Ostrobothnia, Kainui and even Lapland.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[46] Heikki Airio, the executive board member who took care of player contracts, described the situation thus [45]: Kärpät won Division II North Group by far and was fourth in the ascent series.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Even in the previous season, it would not have been enough for a serial rise, but the Fazer League (Division I) was expanded by four teams, allowing Kärpät to qualify for it as well.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

The top points men were Markku Holappa and Miikka Rousu.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

The coach was Reino Ruotsalainen.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[45] 1995—2000: Division I Kärpät was 8th in the Fazer League in the 1995—96 season.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

The best point man in the regular season was Juha Joenwru, and later became known as Esa Pirnes and Ilkka Mikkola.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[45] Janne Salpa of Kärppien was selected as Rookie of the Year.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[42] Kärppien finances began to improve, and in the following season Kärpät already won the regular season and finished second in the senior season.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Before the playoffs, Kärppien's head coach became Hannu Jalosen replaced by Kari Heikkilä.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Kärpät started the playoffs by defeating Forssan Palloseuran 3—0 and advanced to a two-stage league qualification.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

In the first stage, Kärpät defeated Kiekko-Karhut 3—0, but in the second Kalevan Pallo defeated Kärpät 3—0.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

[48] During the 1997—98 season, young Risto Dufva became head coach of Kärppien, when Heikkilä left to coach Hämeenlinna Pallokerho.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

Kärpät won the regular season with a seven-point difference ahead of Herme in Kokkola.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

In the first round of the playoffs, Kärpät faced Jyväskylä Diskos.


Question: In what year was Petri Pakaslahti born?

Oulu Kärpät

What was special was that both teams changed their coach during the playoffs: firstly, Tuomas Räty of Diskos took over as head of coaching at Kärppien juniors, and Pertti Rastela became head coach of Diskos.