Question: How large an area does the Yellowstone ecosystem cover?

Fauna of Yellowstone

In 1912, there were estimated to be more than 200 individuals in the Yellowstone mountain areas and as of the 1920s up to 500 individuals.


Question: How large an area does the Yellowstone ecosystem cover?

Fauna of Yellowstone

Today, it has been counted as containing 150—225 thick-horn sheep living in the northern parts of the park.


Question: How large an area does the Yellowstone ecosystem cover?

Fauna of Yellowstone

Herds of sheep make extensive migrations according to the seasons.


Question: How large an area does the Yellowstone ecosystem cover?

Fauna of Yellowstone

The fur of the thick-horn sheep is short and grey and the horns of males large, pale and curved.


Question: How large an area does the Yellowstone ecosystem cover?

Fauna of Yellowstone

[12] Reptiles and amphibians The amphibian and reptile population in Yellowstone is small.


Question: How large an area does the Yellowstone ecosystem cover?

Fauna of Yellowstone

The situation is apparently due to the cold and dry conditions in the national park, which is not suitable habitat for most amphibians and reptiles.


Question: How large an area does the Yellowstone ecosystem cover?

Fauna of Yellowstone

Six species of reptiles live in the park, five of which are snake species and one species of lizard.


Question: How large an area does the Yellowstone ecosystem cover?

Fauna of Yellowstone

Snakes in the area include the prairie rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis) and two species of garter snakes.


Question: How large an area does the Yellowstone ecosystem cover?

Fauna of Yellowstone

There are four amphibian species in the park: two species of frogs, one species of toads, and one species of salamander.


Question: How large an area does the Yellowstone ecosystem cover?

Fauna of Yellowstone

There is no data on specimen numbers of species.


Question: How large an area does the Yellowstone ecosystem cover?

Fauna of Yellowstone

In 1991, Yellowstone staff, in collaboration with Idaho State University, installed observation stations in the park to investigate the reasons for the progressive decline of the amphibian and reptile population in North America.


Question: How large an area does the Yellowstone ecosystem cover?

Fauna of Yellowstone

Drought and cold have already been identified as causes, but also pollution, disease and predation.


Question: How large an area does the Yellowstone ecosystem cover?

Fauna of Yellowstone

[13] [14] Fish In the park's largest lake, Yellowstone, is home to the world's largest population of redthroat salmon.


Question: How large an area does the Yellowstone ecosystem cover?

Fauna of Yellowstone

The Yellowstone area is also native to the Yellowstone red-throated salmon (Oncorhynchus clarki bouvieri) named after it.


Question: How large an area does the Yellowstone ecosystem cover?

Fauna of Yellowstone

Its population declined considerably in the 20th century with the arrival of fishermen in Yellowstone and as park staff counted new, exotic fish species into the same waters, leaving Yellowstone's red-throated salmon facing even stiffer competition for their living space.


Question: How large an area does the Yellowstone ecosystem cover?

Fauna of Yellowstone

Fisheries have been brought under the “gear and fall free” rule in recent years, but competition between species has not been able to restrict competition.


Question: How large an area does the Yellowstone ecosystem cover?

Fauna of Yellowstone

Among other things, the lake's gray mushrooms pose a real threat to Yellowstone's red-throated salmon.


Question: How large an area does the Yellowstone ecosystem cover?

Fauna of Yellowstone

The disease has also not been avoided: in 1998, the spore animal Myxobolus cerebralis, a spiraling salmonid disease, was found in Yellowstone Lake [15].


Question: How large an area does the Yellowstone ecosystem cover?

Fauna of Yellowstone

Both, both the disease and the grey-noser, have significantly damaged the red-throated salmon population, but one can't say which one, after all, has had more of an impact on the decline in the strain.


Question: How large an area does the Yellowstone ecosystem cover?

Fauna of Yellowstone

Of the more than 180 bird species in Yellowstone National Park, three are classified as compromised [16].


Question: How large an area does the Yellowstone ecosystem cover?

Fauna of Yellowstone

These species are peregrine falcon, white-headed eagle and trumpet cucumber.


Question: How large an area does the Yellowstone ecosystem cover?

Fauna of Yellowstone

The peregrine falcon lives in Yellowstone from April to October and overwinters in Mexico.


Question: How large an area does the Yellowstone ecosystem cover?

Fauna of Yellowstone

Pesticide overuse prior to 1970 significantly damaged the peregrine falcon population, but conservation efforts in recent years have led to an increase in the population.


Question: How large an area does the Yellowstone ecosystem cover?

Fauna of Yellowstone

The white-headed eagle, the US national bird also suffered from poisonings, lives in the park all year, and does not move abroad to overwinter.


Question: How large an area does the Yellowstone ecosystem cover?

Fauna of Yellowstone

A conservation program is currently underway in Yellowstone that aims to bring 62 pairs of eagles to the park, which would produce a total of 53 chicks each year.


Question: How large an area does the Yellowstone ecosystem cover?

Fauna of Yellowstone

The trumpet cucumber is one of the more endangered species in North America.


Question: How large an area does the Yellowstone ecosystem cover?

Fauna of Yellowstone

The species suffered as man spread increasingly widely across the United States in the 18th and 19th centuries.


Question: How large an area does the Yellowstone ecosystem cover?

Fauna of Yellowstone

In Yellowstone, those lingering summers.


Question: How large an area does the Yellowstone ecosystem cover?

Fauna of Yellowstone

In 1999, there were only two adult trumpet throats in Yellowstone, one of whom died a year later.


Question: How large an area does the Yellowstone ecosystem cover?

Fauna of Yellowstone

The most common bird species in Yellowstone, on the other hand, include the mountain road, Canada goose, prairie gull and raven [17].


Question: How large an area does the Yellowstone ecosystem cover?

Fauna of Yellowstone

Insects and microbes in the hot waters of Yellowstone volcanic sites live a variety of bacteria and algae that give rise to the bright colors of water pools.


Question: How large an area does the Yellowstone ecosystem cover?

Fauna of Yellowstone

Many thermophilic strains of bacteria derive their nutrition from sulfur and hydrogen contained in volcanic sources.


Question: How large an area does the Yellowstone ecosystem cover?

Fauna of Yellowstone

There are many photosynthetic bacteria in Yellowstone's waters, including cyanobacteria, green sulfur bacteria (Chlorobi), and green non-sulfur bacteria (Chloroflexi).


Question: How large an area does the Yellowstone ecosystem cover?

Fauna of Yellowstone

Flies of the family Ephydridae live near watercourses, which derive their nutrition from bacteria and algae.


Question: How large an area does the Yellowstone ecosystem cover?

Fauna of Yellowstone

The flies lay their eggs on top of microbial mats, and their larvae can withstand temperatures of up to 47 degrees Celsius.


Question: How large an area does the Yellowstone ecosystem cover?

Fauna of Yellowstone

[18] Sources on the topic Elsewhere Fauna


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

Marcus Didius Severus Julianus (circa 133 or 137 — 1./2.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

June 193) was Roman Emperor for two months in 193.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

Didius Julianus was the second of the emperors of the year.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

He became emperor on 28 March 193 after bribing the Praetorian Guard after Pertinax's death.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

Didius Julianus won the ex tempore auction held at the barracks of the Praetorian Guard by Flavius Sulpicianus for five thousand sestertius.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

The Roman Senate again approved the election of the Praetorian Guard without objection, no doubt wisely for its own security.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

Soon, Septimius Severus in Pannonia was proclaimed emperor and he set out with his army towards Rome.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

Didius was dismissed by the Praetorian Guard and sentenced to death by the Senate.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

Eventually, Didius was slain in Rome.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

He had time to rule for 66 days.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

Early years Marcus Didius Severus Julianus was probably born in Mediolanum (present-day Milan) into a local upper-class family.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

His date of birth is unclear.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

According to Cassius Dio, Didius was born on 30 January 133, but according to Historia Augusta on 2 February 137, a less likely option.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

Historian Michael Meckler estimated the date of birth as 29 January 137.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

The family of Didius' father, Quintus Petronius Didius Julianus, was from Mediolanum, while his mother Aemilia Claran of Hadrumetum, Africa.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

Didius was related on his mother's side to the famous jurist Salvius Julianus.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

As a youth, he received his upbringing in the ministry of Domitia Lucilla, the mother of Emperor Marcus Aurelius.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

Due to good relations, Didius made a considerable clerical career and held important posts as well as land lord of several provinces.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

He served at the age of 20 as a tribune in the legion and was quaestor around the year 157.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

According to Historia Augusta, Marcus Aurelius made him an edile around the year 160.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

By 163 he was Praettor, after which Didius held the position of Asian-African (168—169?)


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

as an assistant to the land lords of the provinces.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

Didius was from 170—171 Commander of Legio XXII Primigenia in Moguntiacum (present-day Mainz).


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

He was then appointed landlord of Gallia Belgica, whereupon he defeated an invasion of the Khauks in 173.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

In 175 he was consul together with the future emperor Publius Helvius Pertinax and in 189—190 he succeeded Pertinax as land lord of Africa.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

Pertinax is reported to have called Didius his colleague and successor.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

The afterworld later saw this as an omen.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

After the consular period, Didius was appointed Landlord of Dalmatia, in which case he probably took care of victualling the army.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

At the same time, he defeated highwaymen in the territories of present-day Montenegro and Albania in 176—180.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

Subsequently, Didius was appointed Landlord of Lower Germania.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

Under Emperor Commodus, Didius went into exile at Mediolanum for a short time because he was suspected of conspiring against the emperor.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

However, he was soon found not guilty.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

In the mid-180s, Didius served as land lord of Bithynia.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

According to ancient historians such as Cassius Dio, other senators viewed Didius as an ambitious relish and spender rather than any actual type of leader.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

[1] [2] [3] Rise to power The Praetorian Guardsmen assassinated Emperor Pertinax at the Palatium on 28 March 193.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

There was no obvious successor, whereupon Pertinax's father-in-law and city prefect, Titus Flavius Sulpicianus, tried in the Praetorian camp, the Castra praetoria, to persuade the two to declare himself emperor but received no backlash.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

While the Praetorians sought alternative candidates in the city, most senators were locked in their homes.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

According to Historia Augusta, Didius Julianus tried to go with his son-in-law Cornelius Repentinus to the Senate, but its doors were locked.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

They were met by a couple of Praetorian Guard soldiers, who outright forced Didius with him to the Praetorian camp.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

According to Cassius Dio, again, Didius immediately hurried to the camp upon hearing of Pertinax's murder.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

However, the Praetorians did not allow Didius into the camp because Sulpicianus was still inside negotiating with the Praetorians.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

Didius began shouting from behind the wall his promises to the Guard if they would proclaim him emperor and soon began an auction of the emperor's value.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

Sulpicianus eventually offered 20000 sestertius to each Praetorian, but Didius increased his offer to 25000 sestertius.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

Sulpicianus gave up and Didius was let into the camp and proclaimed emperor.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

[2] The Praetorians had apparently begun to worry that Sulpicianus would have avenged the Guard for Pertinax's death had he been declared emperor.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

Didius also promised that Pertinax's murderers would not be punished and Sulpicianus was also spared.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

[4] [5] [6] As Emperor Soon, the Senate also confirmed Didius' empiration.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

He appointed his wife Manlia Scantilla and daughter Didia Clara as augusta and gave Pertinax an honourable burial.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

Didius attempted to consolidate his power by pleasing the Senate and attempted to acquire popular favor by repealing Pertinax's edicts.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

The pretorian prefect Aemilius Laetus was executed, perhaps because Didius feared for his own safety.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

Flavius Sulpicianus was spared, but was removed from his post of city prefect.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

As the new city prefect, Didius appointed his son-in-law Repentinus.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

However, Didius did not gain the trust of senators due to his questionable rise to power.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

It was uneasy in Rome when people who supported the Syrian land lord Pescennius Niger invaded Circus Maximus and demanded Niger as the new emperor.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

However, the mob soon dispersed.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

Soon came word that the Pannonian landlord Lucius Septimius Severus had proclaimed emperor on 9 April 193.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

In mid-April, Clodius Albinus in Britain and Pescennius Niger in Syria were also proclaimed emperor.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

[4] [2] [5] Severus soon set out to march with his army towards Rome.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

Meanwhile, Didius is reported to have thrown joyous parties, but these stories are certainly made up.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

In addition, he minted money in which he called himself the Lord of the World and reported that he had been elected in a consensus of soldiers (Concordia Militum).


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

In fact, Didius' power extended only to the territory of the city of Rome.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

People despised Didius, he was ridiculed and sometimes stones were thrown at him.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

[7] At the same time, Severus was approaching Rome with his troops.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

Didius declared Severus an enemy of the state and tried unsuccessfully to prepare by erecting frail barricades in the streets of Rome, as well as fortifying the city with praetorians and sailors from the Misenum fleet.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

He also sent assassins to attack Severus, but these failed.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

Senators sent to convert Severus moved to this side.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

Severus reached Italy and soon took Ravenna.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

Didius suggested to Severus that he share power with him, but Severus refused.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

Finally, Didius asked Pertinax's favored Tiberius Claudius Pompeianus to be his co-ruler, but this too was refused.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

Severus sent messengers to the Praetorian Guard, who saw fit to announce that he would take his orders henceforth from Severus.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

On 1 June 193, the Roman Senate declared Severus the new emperor and imposed a death sentence on Didius.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

Didius attempted to flee to Palatium, but was slain on 1 or 2 June, after which the Senate ordered the memory of Didius to be cursed (damnatio memoriae).


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

According to Dio, his last words were “But what evil have I done?


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

Who have I killed?”.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

[8] Severus later handed over Didius' body to his family, who buried Didius along the Via Labicana.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

[7] [9] [2] [10] Didius Julian's afterreputation was bad.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

He is reported to have been an ambitious relish and spender.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

He has also been called the most vain emperor in Roman history.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

[1] The information on the brief empire of Didius Julianus is based mostly on the Historia Augusta shown to be unreliable, a biography written by Cassius Dion, who was himself in Rome to witness the events, and on the history work of Herodianos.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

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Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

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Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

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Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

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Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

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Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Arto Kivimäki and Pekka Tuomiso| title = Roman Emperors | publisher = Karisto| year = 2005| id = ISBN 951-23-4546-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Bowman et al.| title = The Cambridge Ancient History XII, The Crisis of Empire, A.D.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

193—337| publisher = Cambridge University Press| year = 2005| id = ISBN 978-0-521-30199-2| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

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Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = David S. Potter| title= The Roman Empire at Bay: AD 180-395| publisher = Routledge| year = 2004| id=ISBN 0415100585| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus


Question: In what year is Lucius Septimius Severus born?

Didius Julianus

References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Alf Henrikson| title = Ancient stories 1—2| publisher = WSOY| year = 1993| id = ISBN 951-0-18515-9}} On topic elsewhere in category:People born in the 13th Class:Roman Emperors Category:99.3 Representatives of society


Question: Who was the first director of UNESCO?

Julian Huxley

Sir Julian Sorell Huxley () was a British biologist, author and humanist.


Question: Who was the first director of UNESCO?

Julian Huxley

He was the first director of UNESCO and co-founder of WWF.


Question: Who was the first director of UNESCO?

Julian Huxley

Huxley was knighted in 1958.


Question: Who was the first director of UNESCO?

Julian Huxley

He was Professor of Biology at Oxford University and King's College, London.


Question: Who was the first director of UNESCO?

Julian Huxley

As secretary of the Zoological Society of London, he ran London Zoo 1935—1942.


Question: Who was the first director of UNESCO?

Julian Huxley

During the 1930s, Julian Huxley went to Kenya and other parts of East Africa to learn about national parks and other animal welfare work.


Question: Who was the first director of UNESCO?

Julian Huxley

The British government also sent him to West Africa to search Commonwealth countries for suitable university places.


Question: Who was the first director of UNESCO?

Julian Huxley

During these travels, Huxley developed a vision of education and nature conservation in different parts of the world, and so he played an important role in establishing UNESCO and WWF.


Question: Who was the first director of UNESCO?

Julian Huxley

In the 1920s, Huxley co-authored with H. G. Wells and this son a book series The Miracles of Life (The Science Of Life), which sought to portray various aspects of biology in a folk-conscious manner.


Question: Who was the first director of UNESCO?

Julian Huxley

He also made documentary films about birds and appeared on television and radio in quizzes corresponding to Nature Night and the Philosopher's Club.


Question: Who was the first director of UNESCO?

Julian Huxley

During World War I, Huxley worked in intelligence at GCHQ.


Question: Who was the first director of UNESCO?

Julian Huxley

Julian Huxley's brother was the writer Aldous Huxley, half-brother of Nobel Prize in Medicine laureate Andrew Huxley, father of novelist Leonard Huxley and grandfather of Thomas Henry Huxley, Charles Darwin's colleague and supporter.


Question: Who was the first director of UNESCO?

Julian Huxley

Works Essays of a Biologist (1923) on Animal Biology (jointly with J. B.


Question: Who was the first director of UNESCO?

Julian Huxley

With S. Haldane, 1927) Religion Without Revelation (1927, uud.


Question: Who was the first director of UNESCO?

Julian Huxley

Department 1957) The Tissue-Culture King (science fiction, 1927) The Science of Life (together with H. G. Wells and G.


Question: Who was the first director of UNESCO?

Julian Huxley

with P. Wells, 1931) Scientific Research and Social Needs (1934) Thomas Huxley's Diary of the Voyage of H. M.


Question: Who was the first director of UNESCO?

Julian Huxley

S. Rattlesnake (1935) We Europeans (A.


Question: Who was the first director of UNESCO?

Julian Huxley

with C. Haddon, 1936) The present standing of the theory of sexual selection.


Question: Who was the first director of UNESCO?

Julian Huxley

In G.


Question: Who was the first director of UNESCO?

Julian Huxley

R. de Beer (ed.


Question: Who was the first director of UNESCO?

Julian Huxley

), Evolution: Essays on aspects of evolutionary biology (pp.


Question: Who was the first director of UNESCO?

Julian Huxley


Question: Who was the first director of UNESCO?

Julian Huxley

Oxford: Clarendon Press.


Question: Who was the first director of UNESCO?

Julian Huxley

(1938) The Living Thoughts of Darwin (1939) The New Systematics (1940) Evolution: the Modern Synthesis (1942) Evolutionary Ethics (1943) Touchstone for Ethics (1947) Man in the Modern World (1947,) Heredity, East and West (1949) Evolution in Action (1953) Biological Aspects of Cancer (1957) Towards a New Humanism (1957) New Bottles for New Wine (1958) The Coming New Religion of Humanism (1962) The Humanist Frame (1962) elaborated to Essays of a Humanist (1964) Elaborated on Evolutionary Humanism From an Antique Land (1966) the Great Grebe (1968) Memories (bimonthly, 1970 and 1974) Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kevles, Daniel J.| title = In the Name of Eugenics: Genetics and the Uses of Human Heredity| publisher = Knopf| year = 1985| id = ISBN 0394507029}} On topic elsewhere Check date values in: |date= (help) Category:Atheist thinkers and activists Category:British biologists Category:English writers Category:UN officials class:WWF Category:Those born in 1887 Class:Deaths in 1975


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

Magic (magic, witchcraft) refers to the use of magic to control the forces of nature and destiny.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

[1] Objectives are pursued in magic, for example through ritual acts and deliveries, i.e. magic, special magic objects, and ritual parlance, or spells.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

Sometimes a special place is also required to practice magic.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

The goals of magic are often secular, such as curing diseases, damaging enemies, and acquiring knowledge.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

Knowledge sought by magic is, for example, knowledge of the future.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

Also an important part of magic are the means of protection against hostile magic.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

Magic can be divided according to its purpose into black magic and white magic, of which the former is usually accompanied by witchcraft.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

The delineation of Magic delineation has different understandings, as the subject matter is broad and close to religion, science and divination.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

According to some experts, the term magic has a limited meaning and religion does not include it.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

Others say the meaning of magic is very broad, and involves a lot of human functions.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

According to some, magic is part of pretty much all religions.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

According to James George Frazer, a Scottish anthropologist who wrote in the fold of the 20th century, the difference between magic and religion is that in magic people believe that they can directly control the forces of nature by their rituals, but in religion divine forces must be appeased in order to get along. for the benefit of its devotees.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

Later, it has been suggested as a demarcation line, for example, that magic is not something that practitioners themselves consider religious.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

[2] What distinguishes magic from science is that when science uses empire and experimental means, magic relies on a symbolic causal relationship.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

However, the scientific method has evolved from some forms of magic, such as alchemy and astrology.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

[3] What distinguishes magic from divination is that in magic events are sought to be influenced, while divination seeks only to predict or understand them.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

[3] Superstition is one form of believing in magic, the notion that supernatural forces different from religious in nature can affect real life.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

[4] Distribution Magic, or magic, is of two types: white, good magic, and black, or bad magic.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

Originally, the terms referred to the supernatural origin of magical power, which was either a benevolent or malevolent spirit.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

Today, the division refers to the purpose of the magical act.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

The purpose of white magic is to help others, and the purpose of black is to harm.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

[5] Magic can also be divided by purpose into productive, protective, and destructive magic.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

The purpose of productive magic is to bring about something useful such as prey, good harvest or good weather.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

Protective magic, in which amulets may be used, for example, aims to protect an individual or community from nature and other people.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

Destructive magic, or witchcraft, aims to harm others.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

[3] White and black magic can each be divided according to methods and materials into sympathetic, or imitative magic, as well as tactile magic.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

In imitative magic, the outcome is pursued by using measures similar to the outcome.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

For example, a magician may mould a doll out of wax or clay and inject needles into it to influence the person represented by the doll.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

To restore male fitness, an oriental herb doctor can prescribe ginseng, since the root of the plant resembles a man's lower body.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

Touch magic, on the other hand, uses materials that have been in contact with the target person.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

For example, a witch may use the victim's nail strips or hair whorls in her malevolent rituals.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

[5] Magic can also be divided into high magic and low magic.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

Acts of high magic are performed within the framework of a unified magical system, and such forms of magic include, for example, astrology and alchemy.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

High magic usually involves pedantic ceremonial community activities intended to elevate the consciousness of the participants.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

The aim is to achieve control over one's self and the environment and to shake off all human limitations.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

Low magic, on the other hand, is practical and aims for immediate earthly good.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

In it, the magician performs a strictly prescribed act to obtain an accurately prescribed result.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

Low magic is voodoo, for example.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

[5] In ritual magic, the desired event is made formulaic by established, or ritual, deliveries.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

Instructions for such rituals were written between 1250 and 1750 in the grimoire books.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

The ritual is performed by a mage such as a knower, magician or priest.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

He prepares for delivery bodily and spiritually, depending on the ritual, for example by fasting, washing or praying.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

Next, he collects the means prescribed in the formula, such as chalk, rod, knife or cloak.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

The mage initially draws a magic circle, within which he is safe by a spell from the creatures summoned up.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

In the next stages of the ritual, the mage follows the grimoire or other instructions or recipes.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

Sometimes the delivery culminates in a sacrifice ceremony.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

All stages of the ritual must be carried out conscientiously in order for the spell to be successful and there is no serious danger to the mage.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

In a successful ritual, the mage is able to use the qualities of a spelled spirit, angel, demon or monster to the benefit or detriment of other people.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

A simple species of ritual magic is puppet magic, especially used in voodoo.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

In it, the ritual is performed by a doll representing a person subjected to magic.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

[6] Elements of Magic include spells, exorcisms, magic words, symbolic numbers, natural or artificial goods, and rituals performed by a magician or participants.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

Spells and exorcisms aim to gain strength in magic from death.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

They are often an esoteric language.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

Goods used in magic include herbs, animal parts, jewels, sacred objects, as well as any kind of prop used in performances.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

Goods can have a real effect, such as some medicinal herbs or poisons, or be used in a symbolic sense.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

The ritual is often about adhering to taboos and purging participants.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

[3] History The prehistory of magic lies on conjecture.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

It has been suggested that magic may have preceded religion, as man has always been inclined to magical thinking.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

Cave paintings showing animals have been thought to have been able to give their makers a sense of control over their prey.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

Painting bearing animals is thought to have been imitative magic intended to cause animals to reproduce.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

Prehistoric remains of plasticised clay images that were heated until they exploded have been found in central Europe.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

It is speculated that a magical attempt has been made to search for meanings in fragments, as no remains of earthenware have been found from the same people.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

[7] Much evidence of the importance of magic to early civilizations can be found in the early written history of mankind.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

The art of writing itself was long considered magic, and the written word had the power of a spell.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

The Egyptians called their hieroglyph inscription the “speech of the gods” and the Greeks the sacred carvings.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

Magical words have survived until modern times among shamans.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

The nowadays most famous magic word abrakadabra can be traced back to the ancient Sumerians, by which it meant psychedelic fungus.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

[8] Also, the belief in the evil eye originates from the distant past of the Middle East.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

The evil eye and its cures are mentioned, for example, in the clay boards of the Assyrian Royal Library and in several other ancient writings of various cultures.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

Some old spells suggest that magicians may have been the first doctors.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

Achievements in the field of magic were also required from blacksmiths, barber, shepherd and gravedigger.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

The magicians who proved their ability were well-respected members of their community.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

Magicians of old times were most often men, but some women acted as witches.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

[9] The earliest description of ritual magic is the texts of the Egyptian Book of the Dead, in which the rites described have influenced the rituals and incantations of much later civilizations.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

The custom of performing the rites inside a magic circle drawn on the ground is also inherited from the Egyptians.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

From Egypt, ceremonial magic spread to Europe through Greek Pythagoreanism, Gnosticism, and Kabbalistic tradition.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

[10] Magicians of the Middle Ages usually acquired their skills through several years of study and practice.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

Some of them were, admittedly, already born into their profession.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

There were three types of magics.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

Witches used black magic.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

Magicians who developed their mental powers were able to produce physical effects and look to other worlds.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

Wise wizards held secret knowledge with which they penetrated directly into the heart of life.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

[11] Magicians of the Middle Ages used a wide variety of instruments and equipment, including a magic wand and a crystal ball and mirrors to projected figurines into view.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

Various fragrances and fumes were available for wizards to make people do things or hear strange sounds.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

The protection of the traditional magic circle from evil spirits was especially needed by magicians who raise people from the dead.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

[12] A lot of love mentality is known from the Middle Ages, in which love is ignited by mixing different ingredients and performing a certain ritual.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

[13] In the Middle Ages, especially Kabbalah and alchemy emerged as important ceremonial magic.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

[14] The magicians went to buy talismans who were believed to attract beneficial effects.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

[15] Ritual magic was often turned to when the expenditure of orthodox religion did not intensify.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

[16] The proponents of ceremonial magic were prominent figures of their time with much power.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

Most famous magicians such as the Italian Cagliostro, who lived in the 18th century, enlivened their public appearances with complex rituals and acted as magical healers and fortune-tellers of the future.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

The traditions of magicists were secret, and many methods of ritual magic were transmitted by word of mouth from generation to generation.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

Some authentic traditions have survived in grimoire literature.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

[17] From the 18th century onwards, Magic began to lose its position with the development of medicine and other sciences.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

Ceremonial magic maintained its position mainly only in the field of sexuality, and sex became more central to it.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

The use of sex was justified, for example, by the tantric methods of the religions of the East, where a ready tradition of sexual magic and instructions for practicing it were found.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

[18] Occult became popular in the late 19th century.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

Well-known occultists and wizards included such as Eliphas Lévi, Dion Fortune and Aleister Crowley.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

Spiritualism, too, was a popular form of ceremonial magic until the early 20th century.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

By the time of the late 20th century, ceremonial magic had broken down into a wide variety of magic specialties, including Egyptian, Celtic or Nordic tapoh, as well as Kabbalah.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

Neo-pagan Wicca has emerged as a particularly vibrant form of witchcraft, although magic is in that rather secondary position.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

“Low magic” such as astrology, talisman, palmistry, voodoo and various healing methods are still popular with millions of people.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

[19] Religions, directions of thought and traditions Donkey faith Alchemy Animism Bön Druidism Kabbalah Hermetism Occult Reiki Satanism Sharmanism Sharthism Taoism Thelema Voodoo Wicca Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kelly, Susan V.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

& Doyle, Robert A.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

(ed.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

) | title = Magical Animal| others = Translated by Sappinen, Jorma-Veikko| publisher = Lademann| year = 1993| id= ISBN 951-630-016-2}} References on the topic elsewhere Risto Selin:.


Question: What are the three meanings of the term potion?

Magic (supernatural)

In Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Wonderful World: Skeptic Encyclopedia | location = Helsinki| publisher = Astronomical Association Ursa| year = 2001| version = Ursa publications 81| id = ISBN 952-5329-19-4}} Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden

Graubünden (,,,) is the largest and easternmost canton in Switzerland by area.


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden

At the end of 2016, the population of the canton was 197550.


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden

[1] It has an area of 7105 square kilometers.


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden

[2] The capital of the canton is Chur.


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden

The canton of Graubünden borders Italian Lombardy to the south, South Tyrol to the east, and Liechtenstein and Austrian Tyrol and Vorarlberg to the north.


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden

Neighbouring cantons to the west are Ticino, Uri, Glarus and Sankt Gallen.


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden

Geography Graubünden is a mountainous region: two thirds of the canton's area are so mountainous that farming cannot be carried out there [3].


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden

The highest mountain in the canton is Piz Bernina (4049 m mpy.) in the Bernina Alps near the Italian border.


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden

The lakes of Graubünden are small.


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden

The largest of them are located in the Engadin Valley.


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden

Graubünden is a watershed area of.


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden

The initial streams of the early rivers of the Rhine (Hinterrhein, Vorderrhein) are located in Graubünden.


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden

In addition, the Inn, a tributary of the Danube, bisects the canton in the Engadin Valley.


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden

The Ticino and Adda, which include the Po watershed, start at Graubünden.


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden

One of the early days of Adige, Rom, also derives its origins in the area.


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden

Graubünden has many famous winter sports resorts such as Arosa, Davos, Diavolezza, Laax, Klosters, Lenzerheide and St. Moritz.


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden

The history of Graubünden is not a conventional canton by birth, but itself a kind of federal state.


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden

Its development began already at the beginning of the period in connection with the Roman province of Raetia.


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden

But in 1367 an organisation called the Gottes Haus was founded to oppose the Bishop of Chur associated with the House of Habsburgs.


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden

It was followed by the Graues Bund in 1395 and the Zehngerichtebund of the territory of the Toggenburgs family in 1436.


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden

These three power factions had their own territories.


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden

It was not until the 19th century that the whole of Graubünden was united and joined as a canton to the Swiss Confederation in 1803.


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden

The region remains religiously, linguistically and politically diverse.


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden

Administration The canton consists of 106 communes (as at 1 January 2019).


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden

The municipalities comprise 11 administrative districts (,,).


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden

[4] The largest population of the municipalities is Chur, with 34880 inhabitants, and Lohn, the smallest, with 44 inhabitants (31 December 2016).


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden

[1] Graubünden is undergoing an administrative reform project, resulting in a significant decline in the number of municipalities in the 2010s [5] [4]: Population The canton has three official languages (): German, rhetoromanic and Italian.


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden

[6] German speakers are the largest group: 76% of people over the age of 15 reported German as their main language in v.


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden

in 2010.


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden

The next most common languages are rhetoromanic (16%), Italian (12%) and Portuguese (4%).


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden

[7] Language areas are relatively clear.


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden

Italian is spoken south of the Alps, rhetoromanic in the Engadin valley, as well as on the Rhine tops.


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden

German is the language of the north and central, as well as the cities.


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden

Graubünden is a mostly Catholic area: in 2013 Catholics made up 43% and Protestants 34% of the population.


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden

[3] Economy Graubünden jobs (total 128000) in 2014 were divided by sector as follows: [3] agriculture and forestry 6% industry 21% services 74%.


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden

Traffic Due to the mountains there are almost no fast traffic lanes in Graubünden.


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden

One, partly two-lane, motorway (A13) runs across the canton, along the Rhine Valley and through the San Bernardino Tunnel through the Alps from north to south, to Ticino.


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden

Other roadways run at the bottom of valleys and are relatively slow.


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden

Several roads into neighbouring cantons and countries take over high passes and are often closed during winter: Ofenpass, Berninasola, Passo del Maloja and Splügenpass lead to Italy, Oberalppass takes to the west, to Ur.


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden

The canton's public transport body is formed by the Rhätische Bahn (RhB) railway network, supplemented by postal and other bus connections as well as cable cars.


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden

In Samedan, in the Engadin Valley, near St. Moritz lies the highest in Europe (1707 m mpy.)


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden

is an airport, Engadin Airport, where there is charter and private transport.


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden

[8] Sources Explicit use of et al.


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden

in: |author= (help); Check date values in: |date= (help) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) References On topic elsewhere En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What is the total area of Canton?

Graubünden


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

South Korean transport arrangements include extensive rail and highway networks, as well as numerous bus, ship and air connections.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

South Korea adopted Maglev trains for commercial transport as the third state in the world.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

[1] History The construction of South Korea's modern transport infrastructure began with the first governmental five-year plan of 1962-66.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

The plan included construction projects for 275 rail kilometres and several small sections of motorway.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

The Gyeongbu Expressway connecting the major cities of Seoul and Busan was completed on 7 July 1970.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

In the 1970s, construction of new transport systems accelerated.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

The Third Five-Year Plan (1972-76) program included several airport and port projects.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

In the 1970s, the highway network expanded by 487 kilometers, and the Seoul Metro was completed.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

Major port building projects were launched in Pohang, Ulsan, Masan, Incheon and Busan.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

In the 1980s, the rail network was electrified, and the network became denser with several additional lines.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

Trains' running speeds were increased on the main lines.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

Although the railroads were primarily used for freight, passenger traffic also increased.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

In 1988, the total length of the road network was 51000 km.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

The motorway network was expanded to connect more major cities, reaching a scale of 1,539 kilometres of road in the late 1980s.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

Railways South Korea's largest rail transport company is Korail.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

The railway network is managed by the Korean Railway Network Authority ().


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

Korea Train Express, South Korea's first high-speed rail service, began operations in April 2004.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

Other inter-city travel is provided by Korail services Saemaeul-ho and Mugunghwa-ho.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

Commuter train services are provided by Korailin Tonggeun, whose trains stop at all stations.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

Subways South Korea's six largest cities — Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Gwangju, Daejeon and Incheon — each have their own subway system.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

Seoul's subway system is the oldest in the country, its first line opened in 1974.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

Streetcars The first streetcar line in Seoul began operation in December 1898.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

It operates between Seodaemun and Cheongnyangni.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

The network was first expanded to include the entire downtown area, namely the administrative districts of Jung-gu and Jongno-gu.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

Since then, the surrounding suburban areas also received tram lines.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

The extent of the tram network reached its peak in 1941.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

[2] In 1968, the network began to be curtailed as the popularity of private motoring and the metro reduced the number of users of trams.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

Line 1 and Line 2 of the Seoul Metro run along old tram routes in Jongno and Euljiro.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

Buses Regional Bus Services Miniature|Inter-city Bus on Highway Almost all cities in South Korea have regional bus service available.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

Regional routes are categorized into gosok buses () and sioe buses ().


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

Gosok buses operate on longer distances, and stop very rarely during the journey.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

Shioe buses typically operate over short distances, are thus slower, and make more intermediate stops.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

Local bus services There are two types of buses operating in towns and villages: jwaseok () and dosihyeong () or ipseok ().


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

Both often run the same routes, and make about the same number of stops.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

Jwaseok buses are more expensive in terms of price and are considered better in terms of travel comfort, while doshihyeong buses are cheaper, with less seating.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

Many small towns don't have jwaseok buses.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

Their buses are officially referred to as nongeochon ().


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

Some cities have their own classifications for bus services.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

Other services ALT=A limousine bus departing from Incheon Airport bus station to Jamsil subway station in Seoul. |Thumble|Limousine bus at Incheon International Airport|245x245px There are high-speed buses operating around the country with the possibility of travel to Incheon International Airport.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

By the late 1990s, many department stores had small freebus lines of their own to reach department stores for shopping.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

The government imposed a decree in 2001 that banned department stores” own bus lines.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

[3] Today, most parishes, kindergartens and private schools have their own buses to pick up parishioners, kindergarten children or pupils.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

Roads left|miniature|South Korean highway network Almost all expressways in South Korea are toll.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

Most of the highways are built and serviced by Korea Expressway Corporation (KEC), a state-owned enterprise.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

The motorway network covers most of the country.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

Tolls are collected using an electronic payment system.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

KEC also organises services such as petrol stations and dining outlets along motorways.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

There are also many privately owned customs roads in South Korea, including the Nonsan-Cheonan Highway, the Daegu-Busan Expressway, the Incheon International Airport Expressway, the Soul-Chuncheon Highway, and the Seoul Ring Road.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

The total length of South Korea's road network was 86989km in 1998.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

Of this, 1996km were highways and 12447km of highways.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

By 2009, the combined length of the highways was about 3000km.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

Water transport from South Korea has no workable land connections to the rest of Asia, and the country has the largest shipbuilding industry in the world.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

The country also has very extensive ferry connections.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

South Korea also operates one of the largest merchant fleets, trading mostly with China, Japan and Middle Eastern states.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

Most cargo ship owners are large conglomerates, while passenger ferry entrepreneurs are often small businesses.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

South Korea has 1609km of navigable inland waterways, their use is permitted only for small craft.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

Ferries miniature|250x250px|Busan International Ferry Terminal for numerous small islands along the southern and eastern coasts have ferry connections.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

In addition, ferry services are also available to the large, distant coastal islands of Jeju and Ulleung.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

Major ferry terminals exist in Incheon, Mokpo, Pohang and Busan, among others.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

Ports in South Korea has several major ports.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

Port cities include Jinhae, Incheon, Gunsan, Masan, Mokpo, Pohang, Busan, Donghae, Ulsan, Yeosu and Jeju.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

Air Transport Korean Air was established by the South Korean administration in 1962 as a replacement for the previous national airline.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

It has been privately owned since 1969.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

Korean Air was South Korea's only airline until 1988.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

In 2008, it had 2.164 million passengers, of which 1,249 million trips were international.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

[5] Another airline, Asiana Airlines, was established in 1988.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

It originally flew domestically between Seoul, Busan and Jeju, as well as overseas to Japan, Singapore, Thailand's Bangkok and US Los Angeles.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

In 2006, Asiana Airlines already had traffic to twelve domestic cities and 66 foreign cities in 20 different states, as well as cargo services to 24 cities in 17 states.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

[6] In aggregate, South Korean airlines fly 297 routes internationally.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

[7] Smaller airlines such as Air Busan, Jin Air, Eastar Jet and Jeju Air offer domestic flights and scheduled Japanese and Southeast Asian flights at lower prices.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

Airports South Korea's largest airport, Incheon International Airport, was completed in 2001.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

The airport had time to be completed before the 2002 FIFA World Cup.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

By 2007, Incheon Airport served 30 million passengers annually.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

[8] Airports Council International has chosen it as the best airport in the world several times.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

[9] Seoul is also home to Gimpo International Airport.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

International air services use Incheon International Airport, while domestic flights to Seoul operate mainly from Gimpo Airport.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

Other major airports exist in Busan and Jeju.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

South Korea had a total of 103 airports in 1999.


Question: What was the total length of South Korea's road network in 1988?

Transport in South Korea

See also History of South Korea Sources About Rest of South Korea Transport


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

Gustav Mahler [ma:ler] (7 July 1860, Kaliště — 18 May 1911, Vienna) was an Austrian composer and conductor.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

During his lifetime he was most respected for his orchestral conducting skills; it was only later, particularly in the second half of the 20th century, that his compositions have risen to fame.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

Musically, his works marked a transition from late Romanticism to 20th-century modernism.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

[1] As a conductor, he modernized the production of opera, and as a composer he developed the symphony to its extremes.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

Life Youth Mahler was born in the Bohemian village of Kaliště, now in the Czech Republic, into a modest Jewish family.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

His father, an innkeeper by profession, was stern and violent; he punched his children and wife arbitrarily.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

Shortly after Gustav's birth, the family moved to the nearby town of Jihlava, [2] where a quite vibrant musical community operated: W. A. Mozart, Joseph Haydn and G.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

F. Händel's works were performed regularly.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

In addition, the city operated a Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Heinrich Fischer, the spiritual father of musical life.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

Fischer lived near the Mahlers, and after noticing the boy's talent, he began to give him lessons in harmony and contrapuncture.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

At the age of ten, Mahler gave his first public concert, which was favorably received in a local paper.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

The father sent Gustav to Prague to study, but conditions there were so bad that after five months the son returned.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

The concert Gustav gave when he was 13, already receiving thunderous applause, boosted his self-esteem, but a year later the passing of his brother Ernest from a betrayal of the heart overwhelmed him.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

His mother had a hereditary heart defect that had passed on to several of the family's 14 children, including Gustav.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

He lost most of his siblings before the turn of the 20th century to various illnesses and one suicide, and only four were still alive.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

Death became an integral part of Mahler's life — including his music.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

An unhappy childhood and rootless origins — in his own words, he “was a Bohemian among the Austrians, an Austrian among the Germans, and a Jew in the eyes of the whole world" [3] — caused Mahler to suffer neuroses and insecurity in his adulthood.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

From 1875—1878, Mahler studied at the Vienna Conservatory under the guidance of composer Robert Fuchs and piano teacher Joseph Epstein, among others.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

While there, he became acquainted with fellow students Hugo Wolf and Hans Rott, but the friendship was left temporary due to Wolf's off-balance nature, as well as Rott's mental collapse and subsequent death.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

Like many of his comrades, Mahler also suffered from a constant shortage of money and was little to finish his studies until Epstein, who had almost taken him as a member of his family, gave him financial support.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

During his time as a student, Mahler was influenced by Beethoven's intense string quartets and Wagner's operas.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

In 1876, his first compositions appeared as theses; of them, though only the first part of the piano quartet and rippings from the scherzo have survived for posterity.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

Its influences are directly from Schumann and Brahms.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

In his final year at the Conservatoire, Mahler had Anton Bruckner as one of his teachers, who at the time was establishing his position as a composer.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

They later became friends, and Bruckner's music greatly influenced the young composer.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

The next two years Mahler spent at the University of Vienna finishing his studies.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

He also taught piano playing himself to fund his studies.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

From this period are the operas Rübezahl and Die Argonauten, the cantata Das Klagende Lied, and a few Lieds (songs) based on his own texts.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

As conductor In 1880, Mahler was unexpectedly offered a conductor's position at Bad Hall in the north of Austria.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

After hesitating first, however, he accepted the place, thinking that with Das klagende Lied, he would be accepted as a composer as well.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

The conductor's work also began to attract him, as he found himself able to use his power of creation in that too.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

In 1881, Das klagende Lied did not receive the Beethoven Prize, as it was considered too deviant and personalised a work.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

Around the same time, Mahler obtained another part-time conductor post at a theatre in Laibach (now Ljubljana).


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

In 1882, Mahler returned to Vienna, where he lived in several places and composed in his spare days.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

After a year, he again received an invitation to become an opera conductor at the City Theatre of Olmütz (now Olomouc, Czech Republic) in Aimai.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

Mahler developed into an authoritarian and extremely demanding conductor who soon brought even a dilapidated orchestra into strict order.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

Disagreements with authority figures and callers were inevitable, for he did not want to compromise on his artistic freedom at all.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

In the following years he also conducted orchestras in Kassel, Vienna, Leipzig and Prague, where the performances he conducted gained great popularity.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

In 1887, he received the task from Carl Maria von Weber's son Carl to finish his father's unfinished opera Die drei Pintos.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

The work's premiere at the beginning of the following year was yet another success in the 28-year-old conductor's career and gained international attention.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

After Mahler fell hopelessly in love with Carl Weber's wife Marion, his swirling emotions were able to unravel through a new composition: the first version of the 1st Symphony emerged in free time alongside conducting work.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

From 1888—1891, Mahler served as musical director at the Royal Opera in Budapest.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

[4] The performances led by Mahler did receive great recognition, but his insistence and foreign background, as well as the German emphasis of his repertoire choices, caused dissatisfaction.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

By resigning from the post, Mahler had already secured himself a new place at the Hamburg National Opera, which was not difficult for the artist in demand.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

From Hamburg, Mahler obtained his first permanent conductor position, where he remained until 1897.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

From the start, his pace of work was ferocious: 35 works were performed in the first two months.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

In the summer of 1893, Mahler discovered a beautiful lake view plot in Steinbach-am-Attersee, where he built a small house with the intention of composing there in summers when no performances were staged at the opera.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

Around the same time, in a flurry of inspiration, he composed his 2nd Symphony.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

Mahler also published a revised version of his First Symphony and gave it the additional name Titan.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

The premiere performance of the new version was an audience success, but critics continued to take a nuve view of the symphony.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

In 1895, the massive 3rd Symphony was completed, and the 2nd Symphony (“Resurrection Symphony”), first performed late in the year, was so well received by both audiences and critics that Mahler first began to be taken seriously as a composer as well.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

In Hamburg, conservative pundits still disliked Mahler's habit of wasting his time on quite questionable compositions in their eyes, and so under pressure he decided to resign his post.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

After leaving Vienna Hamburg, Mahler had converted to Christianity and had been baptized as a member of the Catholic Church.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

This contributed to his admission as conductor of the Vienna Court Opera, as anti-Semitic ideas were on the rise in Austria.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

[2] Mahler made an immediate impression after conducting, immediately after his arrival, during the week Wagner's demanding operas Die Walküre (Valkyries) and Siegfried, as well as Mozart's Wedding of Figaro and The Magic Flute.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

In September 1897, he became director of the entire opera after his predecessor fell ill.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

In the summer of 1899, Mahler composed his Fourth Symphony at the villa he had built in Maiernigg.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

Following Hans Richter's resignation from both the Vienna Philharmonic and the Opera, Mahler was offered a place at the helm of both orchestras, becoming Vienna's foremost conductor in the process.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

He was broken up by composing and conducting an orchestra, and only intermittently was he able to compromise between the two while conducting his own works.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

In 1901, a committee of the Philharmonic decided to acquire a new conductor upon the end of Mahler's fixed-term employment, as the orchestra did not like Mahler's demanding grasp of extreme precision and technical performance.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

During the summer he composed several songs, including the first three Kindertotenlies and four of the five Rückert-Lieds.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

In November he met Alma, the daughter of painter Anton Schindler, who was also an accomplished pianist and promising composer, and fell in love with her at once.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

They married four months later and had a daughter.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

At the end of 1901, the 4th Symphony received its premiere performance in Munich, but it was not until Berlin that the work was positively received.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

Later, however, it became one of Mahler's most popular works.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

Instead, the premiere performance of the 3rd Symphony the following year was instantly a success.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

From 1902 to 1907, Mahler's uncompromising demands for an artistic level had already permanently reformed the standards for performing opera.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

He conducted several orchestras across Europe, including Amsterdam's famous Concertgebouw Orchestra 1903—1904 and for a short time in 1906, but for most of the season he was still in Vienna.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

In 1904, Mahler's second daughter was born, and the composer completed his 6th Symphony at his Maiernigg villa.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

He nerved and felt great uncertainty in the rehearsals of the piece, and neurotically he even varied the place of the middle sections.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

During the same lucrative summer, he composed two volumes of his 7th Symphony.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

The following summer, brainstorming the other three parts of the symphony produced desperate problems for Mahler, until during one rowing trip he caught a flood of inspiration while listening to the rhythmic movement of the oars, and he quickly finished the symphony.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

In the summer of 1906, Mahler worked with even more enthusiasm: in eight weeks he fully completed his 8th Symphony, lasting almost an hour and a half, and in addition he still recorded conducting the wedding of Figaro and Don Giovanni at the Salzburg Mozart Festival.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

The premiere performance of the Sixth Symphony in January 1907 attracted great criticism, admittedly due more to the personal attitudes of Mahler's conservative opponents against the composer than to the work itself.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

Fed up with the atmosphere in Vienna, Mahler decided to resign still the same year.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

At the turn of October and November 1907, Mahler conducted two concerts in Saint Petersburg and dropped in between them in Helsinki.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

Here he met, among others, the painter Akseli Gallen-Kallela, whom he had become acquainted with in Vienna in 1904, and the composer Jean Sibelius.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

Gallen-Kallela also took Mahler to architect Eliel Saarinen's villa in Hvitträsk in Kirkkonummi and painted a portrait of him in Hvitträsk hall in the glitz of a fireplace fire.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

[5] New York Mahler rained down several offers of new conductor positions, of which the Metropolitan Opera in New York was preferred to him.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

There were several top German artists and a fine orchestra, and the salary he was offered was staggering.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

Before leaving for the rest of 1907, however, she was beset by two tragedies: her firstborn daughter Maria died of scarlet fever, and Mahler herself was diagnosed with a serious heart condition she inherited from her mother.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

He was only promised to live for some more years.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

In America, Mahler's reception was far better than what he was used to in Vienna.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

Arturo Toscanini was invited to conduct the Italian operas, and works in German were attributed to Mahler.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

Although he relented somewhat on his grip on the orchestra's demands for perfection, he again adopted his familiar pace of work, which was not good for his health.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

The successful first season additionally included performances at Carnegie Hall with his self-selected lineup.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

However, problems arose from time to time from the fact that a large number of presenters were quite indifferent to rehearsals, and sometimes they did not turn up at all.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

For the summer, Mahler travelled to Europe, to the town of Toblach (now Dobbiaco) in Aimah, where he had found himself a new retreat.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

He became interested in the Chinese poetry collection Die Chinesische Flöte (Chinese flute) sent by his friend, on the basis of which he began composing the symphonic work Das Lied von der Erde (Song of the Earth).


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

Superstitious and aware of his state of health, he did not name it Symphony No 9, for it was the Ninth Symphony that had been left last by Beethoven, Schubert and Bruckner alike.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

In early 1909, the New York Philharmonic Society needed a conductor for their orchestra, and they succeeded in persuading Mahler to the task.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

The following summer, the 49-year-old composer made his Ninth Symphony; fate is that the symphony was also his last, after all, he decided to leave Das Lied von der Erde in his symphony series.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

[2] Mahler was to retire in 1911 and continue to compose in his retirement days, with money from America.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

In the 1910—1911 season he led 46 concerts and, in his own words, his daytime programme now consisted solely of work, eating and sleeping.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

The most famous of these concerts was the encounter between two prominent composers, the US premiere of Rachmaninoff's Third Piano Concerto, which the Russian composer traveled to America to play.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

To mark the composer's 50th birthday, the premiere performance of the Eighth Symphony was held in Munich in September 1910.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

For that, an unprecedented number of performers were needed: a choir of 858 singers, an orchestra of 171 people and eight soloists.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

Unbeknownst to Mahler, the concert organiser named the “Symphony of a Thousand”, and the title is still in use today.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

The concert was to be followed by a large number of well-known personalities and composers of the time.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

It became the greatest success of Mahler's entire career.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

Mahler's private life, on the other hand, was in decadence: he had heard rumours that Alma was having an affair with the architect Walter Gropius.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

The anguish created by all this, Mahler unloaded into the first part of his 10th Symphony, which remained the only fully completed part of the symphony originally planned as a five-part.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

In addition, he sought the reception of psychologist Sigmund Freud, and now clarified many of the issues that plagued Mahler throughout his life.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

The meeting with Freud remained, admittedly, a one-off.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

On February 21, 1911, Mahler conducted the last concert of his life with the Philharmonic at Carnegie Hall.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

He suffered from a fever caused by a bacterial infection during it and, even with a weak heart, his condition continued to deteriorate.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

He expressed his wish to be allowed to die in Vienna.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

So he was taken to Vienna via Paris, where he was examined by a bacteriologist but concluded that nothing was to be done.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

Mahler died five days after his return.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

He was buried next to his daughter in Vienna's Grinzing, where he received a simple headstone.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

After his death, after the Composer died, his music resumed a life of its own.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

In November 1911 Bruno Walter conducted the premiere performance of Das Lied von der Erde in Munich and the following year the premiere of the 9th Symphony in Vienna.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

Franz Schalk first conducted the unfinished 10th Symphony in Vienna in 1924, and the English music scholar Deryck Cooke perfected it into a performance version in 1964.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

During the wars, Mahler's music fell short of attention.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

In Britain, Mahler was interpreted as a composer very similar to Bruckner, and in Nazi Germany the performance of his music was banned due to the composer's Jewish background.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

Following the conduction of Jascha Horenstein in a legendary performance in London in 1959 of Mahler's Eighth Symphony (for which almost all of England's choirs were required), public interest in the composer's works began to increase.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

The last decades of the 20th century saw a huge increase in Mahler's popularity, and several conductors, including Solti, Bernstein, Haitink and Abbado, have brought further impetus to the success of the symphonies with their recordings.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

Today, some equate Mahler's importance as a symphonist even with Beethoven.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

In a 2016 BBC poll of conductors, Mahler's Ninth and Second Symphonies were voted in positions four and five respectively, with works by Beethoven and Mozart chosen as parai.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

[6] Music Mahler's works continue the tradition of German music, whose roots go back to the music of Johann Sebastian Bach and the Viennese classics (Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven).


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

Composers of the Romanticism period such as Schumann, Mendelssohn continued this tradition, as did Wagner, whose music had a great influence on Mahler.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

Mahler's music, in turn, significantly influenced composers of modern music of the Second School of Vienna, Schönberg, Berg and Webern, and later Shostakovich.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

In Mahler's music, elements of romantic orientation include the programmaticity of symphonies and the intense emotional loading of the compositions.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

In his search for new means of expression, Mahler expanded the concept of the symphony to its limits.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

In his works, Mahler combines contrasting ingredients with each other.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

Typical features include the use of folk songs, trumpet fanfares, and the Austrian ländler.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

As a conductor, Mahler knew thoroughly the characteristics of the various instruments, which can be clearly heard in the masterful orchestration of his works.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

Mahler uses musical instruments quite often soloistically.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

Although Bruckner was an important paragon of Mahler, his music is ultimately very different.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

Where Bruckner's style is ever-majestic and relies on heavy chords and simple, repeatable pitch passes, Mahler's music is always present, along with pomposity, an easy-to-grasp melodicity and playfulness.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

Although composed for large orchestra, Mahler's works are characterized by clarity and translucency of timbre.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

Unlike most other composers, Mahler rarely gives the same sound to be played by multiple groups of instruments in the hope of a fuller and richer timbre.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

Instead, the different sounds stand out crystal-clear among even the great orchestral fabric.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

Mahler's neurotic pedantic nature was characterised by the constant revision of the works even years after the original version was published.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

Often he also made considerable changes to the composition itself even during the orchestration.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

Often musicologists manage to divide composers' production into three phases, and Mahler is no exception.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

The first includes symphonies 1—4.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

They have been influenced by the German poetry collection Des Knaben Wunderhorn, and include subjects from songs composed by Mahler for this collection.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

The second season includes symphonies 5—7 composed for orchestra alone.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

This way is marked by the constant development of expression and orchestration.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

A notable feature of the final period is the ever-increasing use of polyphony, and includes the 8th, 9th, as well as the unfinished 10th Symphony.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

Works Mahler's production is quite limited, as he was only a part-time composer and went to plenty of effort in finishing and revising each piece.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

Moreover, most of the works are quite extensive.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

Mahler's most acclaimed and well-known works, in addition to symphonies, are the works Das Lied von der Erde, Kindertotenlieder and Lieder eines fahrenden Gesellen, composed for soloists and orchestra.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

Of the symphonies, the second, fifth and ninth are the most prestigious, but all Mahler symphonies appear in the repertoire of symphony orchestras quite often.


Question: When was Gustav Mahler born?

Gustav Mahler

The recordings have been selected from among prestigious performances.