Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

[41] The reason for the spectral lines could not yet be explained exhaustively.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

However, Niels Bohr was able to explain with his own atomic model the spectral lines of hydrogen.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

According to Bohr, electrons travel in certain tracks around the nucleus of an atom, but they are also able to move to higher or lower energy levels.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

When an electron absorbs a photon, the electron enters the upper energy state if the energy it absorbs coincides with the difference of energies required by the two energy states.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

The atom is said to have been tuned.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

As a result, the radiation coming towards the observer is weakened at wavelengths corresponding to the differences between the energies of the base state and excitation states.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

A set of dark lines, absorption lines appear in the spectrum.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

[42] Emission lines, i.e. bright lines over a dark base, occur with gases.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

Normally, the gases being studied are very hot, in which case they are tuned.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

However, the excitation state does not last long, and the electron moves to a lower energy level, handing off the photon.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

This is observed as an issue line.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

Bohr's model was capable of explaining the spectral lines of hydrogen for the first time.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

[43] Manufacturing Hydrogen is manufactured in several ways in industry.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

There are five main ways used: 1) Hydrogen can be made from natural gas or petroleum, as well as water vapor in the presence of a catalyst, which is often nickel.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

Carbon monoxide and hydrogen are produced in the reaction and occurs at a temperature of 800—1000°C and a pressure of 10—50 atmospheres.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

Most industrially produced hydrogen is made in this way from methane.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

[44] natural gas (methane) CH4 + H2O → CO + 3H2 petroleum C12H26 + 12H2O → 12CO + 25H2 2) Water vapor is introduced among the glowing carbon, creating a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, so-called water gas.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

[45] C + H2O → CO + H2 3) Hydrogen can be separated from water gas, or water gas is led through a tube containing a catalyst at a temperature of about 400°C.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

In the tube, carbon monoxide reacts with water vapor to form a mixture of hydrogen and carbon dioxide.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

[45] CO + H2O → CO2 + H2 4) Hydrogen is also formed in the cracking of hydrocarbons contained in petroleum.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

In addition, elemental carbon is formed [45].


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

5) Hydrogen can also be made from water by electrolysis [45]: Anode reaction: 4 [OH] − → O2 + 2H2O + 4e− Cathode reaction: 2 [H3O] + + 2e− → H2 + 2H2O Generally: [OH] − + [H3O] + → O2 + 2H2 On a large scale, electrolytically producing hydrogen is not economically viable because electrical energy is expensive.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

[44] 6) When a base metal reacts with some acid, salt is produced and hydrogen is released at the same time, for example: Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2 7) Hydrogen has also been produced in the laboratory by photolysis by dispersing water by gallium nitride and sunlight.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

Use Currently, hydrogen is most used in the chemical industry when crystall-watered ammonia is made as part of the fertilizer manufacturing process.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

Manufacturing is done using the Haber—Bosch method, in which hydrogen and nitrogen combine to form ammonia.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

[44] Another notable user is oil refining, where hydrogen can be used to increase the hydrogen—carbon ratio of hydrocarbons and make them burn more cleanly.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

Other uses include extracting oxides from iron ores, desulfurization from oil and making methanol from carbon monoxide.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

In total, approximately 50 million tonnes of hydrogen are used per year, and consumption is currently increasing by around 4% to 10% per year.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

[7] Large amounts of hydrogen are also used to harden unsaturated vegetable fats by hydrogen.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

Hydrogen joins double bonds of unsaturated fats, whereby they become simple bonds and the fatty acids become saturated.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

[44] Hydrogen has also been used, among other things, as an infill for balloons and alongside helium as an infill gas for airships.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

[34] The dangerousness of hydrogen came to light, among other things, in the destruction of the airship Hindenburg.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

Hydrogen was used in the Hindenburg because the United States had a monopoly on the industrial manufacture of helium and did not sell helium e.g. For Germany.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

Nowadays, though, it seems that the real cause of the accident was the very flammable impregnation of the airship's outer shell.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

[46] Liquid hydrogen is one of the most efficient fuels for launchers using liquid propellant.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

The oxidizer is usually liquid oxygen.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

In order to remain liquid, the temperature should be cold, at least −183°C.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

Such a mixture is called cryogenic propellant.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

Since the fuel should be kept very cold, its long-term preservation is inconvenient.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

[47] Use in fuel cells Fuel cells convert the chemical energy contained in hydrogen into electrical and thermal energy.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

The fuel cell consists of a positive cathode and a negative anode connected by an electrolyte.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

Hydrogen and oxygen gases are fed into the fuel cell, allowing hydrogen molecules to pass to the anode and oxygen atoms to the cathode and the total energy-releasing reaction in the cell is 2 H2 + O2 → 2 H2O The electrolyte affects the operating temperature and efficiency of the fuel cell, and the fuel cells can be divided into groups according to electrolyte, such as alkali, melt carbonate, phosphoric acid, proton exchange and solid oxide fuel cells.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

The proton exchange fuel cell has proven to be the most promising source of energy for automobiles.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

[48] The main problems that hinder the application of fuel cells for widespread use as an energy source relate to costs and fuel cell sustainability.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

The high price of fuel cells is largely due to the use of platinum as a catalyst.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

[49] See also Antihydrogen Dark fermentation Photofermentation Hydrogen economy Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Greenwood, N.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

N.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

& Earnshaw, A.| title=Chemistry of the Elements| publisher = Butterworth Heinemann| year=1997| version=2nd Edition| id = ISBN 0-7506-3365-4| language = Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.}


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Gupta, Ram B.| title = Hydrogen fuel: Production, transport and storage| publisher = CRC Press| year = 2008| id=ISBN 978-1-4200-4575-8| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Zumdahl, Steven S.; Zumdahl, Susan A.| title= Chemistry| publisher = Brooks Cole| year = | version=8th edition| id=ISBN 978-0-495-82992-8| language = Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Karamäki, E. M.| title = Inorganic Chemicals| publisher = Publishing Information | year = 1983| id = ISBN 951-9035-61-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Rayner-Canham, Geoff & Overton, Tina| title = Descriptive Inorganic Chemistry| publisher = W. H. Freeman and Company| year = 2006| version=5th Edition| id=ISBN 978-1-4292-2434-5| language = Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Wiberg, Egon; Wiberg, Nils; Holleman, Arnold Frederick| title = Inorganic chemistry| publisher = Academic Press| year = 2001| id = ISBN 978-0-12-352651-9| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only use for File namespace.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.| format = [Book in Google Book Search]}} References on the topic elsewhere (pdf) Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: How is nitration defined?

Hydrogen

Category:Elements Category:Fuels Category:Hydrogen Category:Packaging Gases Category:Key articles in screening


Question: When was Hideo Kojima born?

Hideo Kojima

Hideo Kojima (, born August 24, 1963) is a Japanese video game designer, director, screenwriter and producer.


Question: When was Hideo Kojima born?

Hideo Kojima

He has established his career starting in 1986 at the Konami Game House, where he worked until December 2015.


Question: When was Hideo Kojima born?

Hideo Kojima

[1] Currently, Kojima is based in its new independent Kojima Productions studio.


Question: When was Hideo Kojima born?

Hideo Kojima

[2] Kojima is known for many successful games, including the Metal Gear franchise, as well as the Snatcher and Policenauts games that enjoy cult fame.


Question: When was Hideo Kojima born?

Hideo Kojima

He has also produced the Zone of the Enders and Boktai game series.


Question: When was Hideo Kojima born?

Hideo Kojima

Kojima first worked as a game developer at Konami and then as vice president of Konami Computer Entertainment Japan.


Question: When was Hideo Kojima born?

Hideo Kojima

He also ran his own, Konami's subordinate game studio, Kojima Productions.


Question: When was Hideo Kojima born?

Hideo Kojima

Kojima was promoted in 2011 to vice president of Konami Digital Entertainment.


Question: When was Hideo Kojima born?

Hideo Kojima

On December 15, 2015, Kojima announced that his working relationship with Konami has ended [3] and he has moved to the new independent Kojima Productions studio.


Question: When was Hideo Kojima born?

Hideo Kojima

For his final game, Konami missed Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain.


Question: When was Hideo Kojima born?

Hideo Kojima

He was honored with the “Industry Icon Award” at The Game Awards of 2016.


Question: When was Hideo Kojima born?

Hideo Kojima

[4] As a game developer, Kojima follows a distinctive and recognizable style.


Question: When was Hideo Kojima born?

Hideo Kojima

In his games, he delves into the diverse and extensive societal problems and the experience of human life.


Question: When was Hideo Kojima born?

Hideo Kojima

These features are best seen in the themes of the Metal Gear series, which take positions on issues such as cloning, the absurdity of warfare and how war affects man and the world.


Question: When was Hideo Kojima born?

Hideo Kojima

In Metal Gear Solid 4, he delves deeply into future warfare, with all its problems and possibilities.


Question: When was Hideo Kojima born?

Hideo Kojima

The Metal Gear series is also characterised by a strong anti-nuclear message.


Question: When was Hideo Kojima born?

Hideo Kojima

Although Kojima's games are serious in their subject matter, his style also includes mixing sometimes absurd humour in the stories as well as strongly carricated characters.


Question: When was Hideo Kojima born?

Hideo Kojima

Kojima is a great lover of movies, which can be noticed by his games.


Question: When was Hideo Kojima born?

Hideo Kojima

He borrows features from his favourite films in his games and often also refers to these directly at the level of picture narrative or dialogue.


Question: When was Hideo Kojima born?

Hideo Kojima

Kojima's love of movies is also shown in his games in the form of long, cinematic interludes.


Question: When was Hideo Kojima born?

Hideo Kojima

Production Metal Gear Series Metal Gear Solid V - The Phantom Pain (2015) - writer/producer/director Metal Gear Solid V - Ground Zeroes (2014) - writer/producer/director Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance (2013) - producer Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker (2010) - writer/ producer/director Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots (2008) - writer/producer/director Metal Gear Solid: Digital Graphic Novel 2 (2007) - producer/director Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops (2006) - co-producer of Metal Gear Solid: Portable Ops Plus (2007) - writer/ original idea/co-producer of Metal Gear Solid: Digital Graphic Novel (2006) - producer/director Metal Gear Solid 3: Subsistence (2005) - writer/producer/director Metal Gear Ac! d² (2005) - producer Metal Gear Acid (2004) - producer Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater (2004) - writer/producer/director Metal Gear Solid: The Twin Snakes (2004) - writer/producer/original director Metal Gear Solid 2: Substance (2002) - writer/producer/director The Document of Metal Gear Solid 2 (2002) - producer/director Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty (2001) - writer/producer/director Metal Gear: Ghost Babel (2000) - producer/ supervising director Metal Gear Solid: VR Missions (1999) - producer/director Metal Gear Solid: Integral (1999) - writer/producer/director Metal Gear Solid (1998) - writer/producer/director Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake (1990) - writer/director Metal Gear (1987) - writer/director (“game designer”) Boktai series Lunar Knights (2006) - producer Boktai 3: Sabata's Counterattack ( 2005) - producer Boktai 2: Solar Boy Django (2004) - producer Boktai: The Sun Is in Your Hand (2003) - producer Zone of the Enders series Zone of the Enders: The 2nd Runner (2003) - producer Zone of the Enders (2001) - producer Tokimeki Memorial Drama series Tokimeki Memorial Drama Series Vol.


Question: When was Hideo Kojima born?

Hideo Kojima

3: Tabidachi no Uta (1999) - second director Tokimeki Memorial Drama series Vol.


Question: When was Hideo Kojima born?

Hideo Kojima

2: Irodori no Love Song (1998) - designer/producer Tokimeki Memorial Drama series Vol.


Question: When was Hideo Kojima born?

Hideo Kojima

1: Nijiiro no Seishun (1997) - designer/producer/drama director Snatcher series Snatcher CD-Romantic (1992) - writer/director SD Snatcher (1990) - original writer Snatcher (1988) - writer/director Other games Project 'S' (unknown) - According to rumors possible Snatcher game.


Question: When was Hideo Kojima born?

Hideo Kojima

Super Smash Bros.


Question: When was Hideo Kojima born?

Hideo Kojima

Brawl (2007) - designer of Solid Snake's field and his specialty stores Stock Trading Trainer: Kabutore (2006) - unknown Policenauts (1994) - writer/director Lost Warld (1986, cancelled) - writer/director Penguin Adventure (1986) - assistant director Sonic Triple Trouble (1994) - His name can be found for an unknown reason in the “Special Thanks” section.


Question: When was Hideo Kojima born?

Hideo Kojima

It is uncertain whether that person even had any involvement in the playmaking, as only “H. Kojima” is mentioned in the closing credits, rather than his full name.


Question: When was Hideo Kojima born?

Hideo Kojima

Castlevania: Lords of Shadow (2010) - assistant producer Silent Hills (2015) - producer Death Stranding (in development) - producer/writer/director Movies Versus (2000) - cameo role Azumi (2003) - cameo role Sources On the topic elsewhere - Kojima games Fansite focused (in English) - Information about all Kojima games and different versions.


Question: When was Hideo Kojima born?

Hideo Kojima

Category:Metal Gear Category:Japanese video game designers Category:People born in 1963 Class:Living persons


Question: How do you define major?

Military values in the Finnish Defence Forces

Military rank indicates the mutual superior status of soldiers, as well as the rank of duty, training, experience and assignment of a soldier alongside the rank of service.


Question: How do you define major?

Military values vary from country and era to country, but generally three groups can be distinguished: crew, sub-officers, and officers.


Question: How do you define major?

In Finland, military personnel of the armed forces are divided into officers and crews.


Question: How do you define major?

The former group includes everyone in a supervisory position, from sub-officers and officer students to officers.


Question: How do you define major?

Crewed, on the other hand, are all those in the military or service rank of the crew.


Question: How do you define major?

Finnish military values Finnish military values have changed quite a bit over history.


Question: How do you define major?

The system has features from the period of Swedish rule, the period of Russian rule, as well as Germany (see Icebar movement).


Question: How do you define major?

There is no Anglo-Saxon strict division into officers and crew in Finland.


Question: How do you define major?

In Finland, soldiers are divided into officer corps, sub-officer and crew.


Question: How do you define major?

All professional soldiers are required to behave according to their military rank and rank (Law on the Defence Forces).


Question: How do you define major?

Likewise, everyone in a managerial position has greater obligations than the crew.


Question: How do you define major?

In the face of the law, officers do not have special status compared to sub-officer rank or crew, unlike, for example, in the United States, where, among other things, hitting a minor officer is a lesser offence than that of an officer [1].


Question: How do you define major?

Military and Service Rank Appendices and Abbreviations The abbreviation ret (resigned from permanent or fixed term service) is the abbreviation ret (resigned from regular service) [2].


Question: How do you define major?

For a soldier who has not served in a post in the Armed Forces or Border Guard, the abbreviation res (in reserve, reserve military rank) is used behind the rank of military rank.


Question: How do you define major?

For contract soldiers who have resigned from regular service, the abbreviation res (in reserve, reserve military rank) is used behind military rank.


Question: How do you define major?

A General Staff Officer may wear a General Staff prefix indicating his degree in front of his or her military rank, for example Colonel of the General Staff.


Question: How do you define major?

However, the prefix is not used in document signatures.


Question: How do you define major?

A soldier may wear a notation indicating a degree in advanced scientific education behind his or her military rank, for example, Major, KT (i.e., in this case, a major is also a Doctor of Educational Science).


Question: How do you define major?

However, the doctrinal value is not used in document signatures.


Question: How do you define major?

[3] Insignia in the Finnish Defence Forces Military values and their insignia are as follows: Land forces and air forces OfficersCollar Tile Collar Tile/05- Chest Tile Slab GeneralLieutenant-GeneralMajor-General Brigadier-GeneralColonel Major Major CaptainLieutenant-Lieutenant-Lieutenant-GeneralMajor OfficersMilitary Master Chief Petty Officer Sergeant-Sergeant-Sergeant-OfficersCorporal OfficersCorporal OfficersCorporal OfficersSergeant-General Navy Officer-Admiral Vice-Admiral FlagAdmiral FlagAdmiral Commodore Commander-Commander-Commander-Captain-Captain-Lieutenant-Lieutenant-Lieutenant-OfficersMilitary Master—Chief Petty Officers—Chief Petty Officers—Sergeant-Officers—Officers—Petty Officer Student—Petty Officer Manpower trust—Petty Officer Pupil— Matruus— Decommissioned military values In cavalry, military values were partly second to those of other types of weapons: the envelope was equivalent to the cornet and the captain to the mounted master.


Question: How do you define major?

In addition, during the independence of Finland, the following military values have also been in use: Special Master (including Air Master), Deputy Headmaster (1918-1919), Sub-Officer (1918), Junior Sub-Officer (1918-1919), Jefreitter, Loyal Officer Pupil, Officer Pupil, College Officer Pupil, Enlisted.


Question: How do you define major?

In the early years of independence, the pilot was equivalent to the current air soldier and should not be confused with the pilot of the aircraft.


Question: How do you define major?

The so-called old folk were occupied by Russian military ranks, including sub-captain, ensign, sub-sulphur, plutoona sub-officer and jephreitter.


Question: How do you define major?

The Jääger Battalion 27 had its own military rank system in Germany.


Question: How do you define major?

When the Jääkäers left for Finland, they received new military values from ice tip to major and not former values such as Hilfsgruppenführer (“group deputy leader”), no longer used, with the exception of the lowest value Jäger, which remained in use when translated as a Jäger.


Question: How do you define major?

Later, in the aftermath of the so-called Jaeger conflict, Commander-in-Chief Mannerheim granted those who served in Jääkäribattalion 27 the right to use the prefix jaekäri (for example, a Jääkär major) in their military rank.


Question: How do you define major?

[4] The titles of Marshal Carl Gustaf Mannerheim were awarded the rank of Field Marshal and Marshal of Finland.


Question: How do you define major?

These were titles granted by the President of the Republic, on which stamp duty was paid, and are not actual military values.


Question: How do you define major?

Military Personnel Group Officers The values of officers in tenured office range from lieutenant to general, reserve officers' values from colonel to lieutenant colonel.


Question: How do you define major?

In Finland, officers, reserve officers and special officers are counted as officers.


Question: How do you define major?

This is a reversal of 1942, when, as a thank you for the bravery shown in war, Marshal Mannerheim lifted the distinction between reserve and active duty officers.


Question: How do you define major?

The order of precedence of a soldier in the same military rank is determined by the date of promotion.


Question: How do you define major?

The rank of general may be accompanied by a prefix indicating a type of weapon as a tribute, for example general of infantry.


Question: How do you define major?

Specialist officers may serve in accordance with their role and training in all officer ranks.


Question: How do you define major?

The top special officers are major-general.


Question: How do you define major?

Typically, the Chief Engineer and Physician of the Armed Forces are either brigadier generals or major-general.


Question: How do you define major?

The military rank of special officer is accompanied by the prefixes in engineering, medical, veterinary, pharmacy, music, technician or economic.


Question: How do you define major?

The range of a special officer's military rank is determined by virtue of the training required for the position.


Question: How do you define major?

The rank of special officer placed in a college-level position are equivalent college officer values and those of special officers placed in demanding positions in higher education include officer values.


Question: How do you define major?

Military chaplains serve in their own rank of service.


Question: How do you define major?

Officers and College Officers The team of acting and college officers formed in the early 1970s when the then regimen of sub-officers from sergeant to military master was converted to acting officers.


Question: How do you define major?

Later, the name was changed to college officer with the advent of college-level education, and the military ranks became ensign, lieutenant, first lieutenant and captain.


Question: How do you define major?

A college officer to the military rank of major can only be promoted after transfer to the reserve.


Question: How do you define major?

College officers belong to the Defence Force Officers and are all reserve officers (ret.)


Question: How do you define major?

while moving to the reserve.


Question: How do you define major?

With the education reforms of the early 2000s, education officer training ceased, causing the most recent college officers to move to the reserve in the 2030s.


Question: How do you define major?

Officers completed the Officer Officer Officer's Examination at the Supervisory College and began their careers as staff sergeants.


Question: How do you define major?

With the advent of training (Phase II of the Supervisory College and the Lieutenant Course), they had the opportunity to complete the higher rank of Officer, later College Officer, and extend all the way to the military rank of Captain.


Question: How do you define major?

In the early 1990s, education was reformed, with new college officers starting out as midshipmen.


Question: How do you define major?

However, some old college officers who did not complete Phase II of the College Officer Postgraduate Examination served in the rank of Military Master all the way into the 21st century.


Question: How do you define major?

With the reform of officer training, college officers who served in the rank of colonel and military master were promoted to lieutenants no later than 2005.


Question: How do you define major?

The most demanding duties of college officers gradually pass to officers and sub-officers.


Question: How do you define major?

The Sub-Officer Corps and Contract Soldiers The occupational group of Military Professionals (former enlisted) was changed to sub-officer rank on January 1, 2007, when their professional titles changed to sub-officers.


Question: How do you define major?

Sub-officers normally serve as officers, first in a fixed-term and later permanent military post.


Question: How do you define major?

The service values of sub-officers are sergeant, staff sergeant, sergeant sergeant/petty officer, chief sergeant/chief petty officer, and military master.


Question: How do you define major?

For the sake of clarity and to avoid possible misunderstandings, sergeants serving in professional sub-officer positions, as well as military professionals, wear on their insignia plaques a sword indicating belonging to the professional group of sub-officers.


Question: How do you define major?

The service rank of military professional is occupied by those members of the sub-officer corps who have received crew training in conscript service (have not completed the sub-officer course).


Question: How do you define major?

In some rarer cases, it is also possible that a person serving with the service rank of military professional did not perform military service at all.


Question: How do you define major?

Soldiers serving as professional sub-officers, beginning with the rank of sergeant, have, as a rule, completed a sub-officer or reserve officer course during conscript service.


Question: How do you define major?

Over the course of their career, sub-officers undertake a variety of complementary studies at Defence Branch and Arms Schools, the completion of which is, along with length of service and experience, progression to more demanding positions, as well as a prerequisite for promotions.


Question: How do you define major?

Contract soldiers are soldiers who have entered into a fixed-term (usually half to one year) contract after conscript service.


Question: How do you define major?

They serve in rank consistent with their reserve rank, except corporals who serve as sergeants.


Question: How do you define major?

Until early 2007, however, reserve enlisted sergeants serving as staff sergeants.


Question: How do you define major?

As a rule, sub-officers of the Reserve have completed a sub-officer course during their conscript service.


Question: How do you define major?

Normally they are promoted halfway through conscript service after completing the sub-officer course to corporals, and towards the end of the leadership term some are further promoted to sergeants for a variety of merits, such as, for example, succeeding in a more demanding position and being shown based on leadership abilities.


Question: How do you define major?

While in the reserve, they may be promoted based on refresher exercises, propriety, and wartime assignment to senior military rank, eventually all the way up to Military Master.


Question: How do you define major?

Both sub-officers serving in military office and in the reserve wear conifers in their collar plaques, like the officer corps.


Question: How do you define major?

[5] The crew of the Private is now always used for the rank of gunman, which are the rank of ice hanger, gunner, pioneer, signalman, car warsman, airman, frontier ice, special frontier ice, special ice, coastal ice, dragoon, horseman, guardsman, armorer, armorer, protector, armor serviceman or matrusi in naval naval forces.


Question: How do you define major?

Most of the above names are used (regardless of military rank) also to describe a weapon species or training branch.


Question: How do you define major?

Thus, for example, one can speak of the artillery general Nenose as Finland's higher-ranking gunner of all time, or of Marshal Mannerheim as a horseman.


Question: How do you define major?

The equivalent of a private who has been successful in conscript service or refresher exercises may be promoted to corporal or chief matrus in the Navy.


Question: How do you define major?

Without completing the sub-officer course, even a reservist may be promoted to corporal, in some rare cases even to sergeant.


Question: How do you define major?

The rank of sergeant generally in the reserve might refer to someone who has earned conscript or conscript service who has been promoted to sergeant prior to demobilization.


Question: How do you define major?

On the other hand, among refresher practised sub-officers, promotion in refresher exercises might mean a platoon vice leader position.


Question: How do you define major?

The designation to be used as a private does not necessarily change when he moves to another type of weapon: for example, a matrus transferred to coastal infantry in the reserve does not change to a gunner or iceman in the reserve.


Question: How do you define major?

Pupils of military colleges Cadet, officer pupil and aspirant and sub-officer pupil are not actual military values mentioned in the decree but service values, but also have a defined place in the hierarchy.


Question: How do you define major?

Cadets are equated with a varnish/sub-lieutenant.


Question: How do you define major?

Officer pupils are equated to corporals and officer cooks to sergeants so that the officer coil is older than the conscript sergeant regardless of the date of promotion.


Question: How do you define major?

Petty officer students are counted into the crew.


Question: How do you define major?

Some of the sub-officer students in the sub-officer courses are promoted to the rank of corporal in the final stages of the first half of the sub-officer course.


Question: How do you define major?

Colloquially, this has been jokingly called the half-course raven.


Question: How do you define major?

A person who has been removed from the sub-officer course and returned with crewrank to their base unit has been referred to by crew rank, for example, as a Master of Science or Master of Science, because instead of the general service time of the former 240-day crew returned from the underofficer course was forced to serve for 330 days for sub-officers without promotion to sub-officer.


Question: How do you define major?

Military Priests and Deacons In order to attend to the spiritual needs of those serving in the Defence Forces, military chaplains and deacons serve in ecclesiastical work.


Question: How do you define major?

Military priests have their own, specific service values.


Question: How do you define major?

Field bishop equated to brigadier general.


Question: How do you define major?

A field rove equated to a lieutenant colonel.


Question: How do you define major?

Military pastor or (Orthodox military pastor) equated with captain.


Question: How do you define major?

Military deacon is the job title Conscript Priest and Conscript Deacon is a job title.


Question: How do you define major?

Military priests also hold a personal reserve military rank, determined by training and experience.


Question: How do you define major?

Conscript priests and deacons, as well as military deacons, serve in their own military rank (such as a stagger, corporal, or officer coel) and wear the training badge for ecclesiastical work as an emblem of their duty on the left sleeve of their uniform of arms.


Question: How do you define major?

In times of crisis, ecclesiastical personnel, like medical personnel, belong to non-combatants who may not be deliberately harmed or taken as prisoners of war.


Question: How do you define major?

As a sign of this, they carry the insignia of medical personnel, a red cross, on their left arm in wartime.


Question: How do you define major?

Special Cases In addition, three classes equated to junior officers serve military officers whose service rank is determined by base training.


Question: How do you define major?

Higher college graduates are equated with first lieutenant and non-senior college graduates with lieutenant.


Question: How do you define major?

While a reservist uses the service rank of a military officer, he always serves with the service rank of Staff Sergeant.


Question: How do you define major?

If required by a position of service, a person may be assigned to serve his or her personal rank at a higher or lower rank.


Question: How do you define major?

In lower esteem, for example, formerly served by reserve officers as contract soldiers (ensign as staff sergeant).


Question: How do you define major?

At the time of the office officer system, it was additionally common for officers who had undergone reserve officer training to have the rank of sub-officer as a service rank.


Question: How do you define major?

Higher rank is served mostly in foreign missions where the protocol calls for a specific military rank.


Question: How do you define major?

For example, a qualified colonel may be placed as the commander of a brigade in the Peace Corps who is given the service rank of brigadier general so that he could more easily give orders to his subordinate colonels since the values of a high colonel or colonel in Finland are not used, such as Germany or the United States.


Question: How do you define major?

Similarly, a reservist lieutenant posted as a military observer might receive the service rank of captain to make it easier for him to work with his mostly captain-worthy colleagues.


Question: How do you define major?

Along with a border ice officer, a surborder officer is a military rank in the Border Guard who performs his conscription or women in voluntary military service (Taspres Regulation 637/2005 8§).


Question: How do you define major?

A boundary ice officer in the reserve or reserve is promoted, in accordance with the crew's military rank promotion practices, to surplus, not corporal or supermatrus.


Question: How do you define major?

See also Jääkärien military rank system Sources Military values and insignia of Independent Finland, Marko Palokangas, Hämeenlinna 2000 References on the topic elsewhere * Category:Finnish Defence Forces


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

Meat is the musculature and muscle tissue of bovine and hoof animals, pig, sheep, goats, poultry, reindeer, rabbit, wild and farmed game animals, and reptiles.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[1] [2] [3] Almost all meat sold is muscle associated with animal bones, or skeletal muscles, but muscles also exist in the esophagus and internal organs, among other things.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[1] Meat is divided into red and white meat.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

Red meat usually refers to the meat of beef, pig, lamb, reindeer and elk.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

White meat refers to the meat of poultry such as chicken and turkey.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

In some countries, such as Australia and the United States, pork is classified as white meat and red meat refers to meat exclusively from ruminants.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[1] Fish and seafood meat are commonly referred to as fish and shellfish in Finnish.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

Sometimes also referred to as fruit flesh, but this means fruit malt.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

When speaking of mallo, the word flesh is usually not used on its own without reference to fruit.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

Origin of Meat The vast majority of meat consumed in Western countries is pork, beef or mutton.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

In some European countries and elsewhere, horsemeat, goat meat and deer meat are also regularly consumed.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

Other mammal species are also used for food in different parts of the world depending on their availability and local customs.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

For example, seal and polar bear are important in the diet of the Inuit; giraffe, rhino, hippopotamus and elephant in the diet of some Central African tribes; Australian Aborigines use kangaroo meat; in Southeast Asia, dog and cat belong to the diet; camel common in desert areas provides an important food source for locals and whales have been part of the diet of Japanese and Norwegians.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[4] Meat is also obtained from game animals such as elk, deer, forest hares and birds, as well as fish.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

The meat of reptiles such as alligator and snakes is also used for human consumption in some places.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

History Archaeological discoveries show that meat has always from the early twilight of history belonged to the diet of representatives of the genus Homo.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

Initially, human ancestors have obtained the meat they used most likely from animals that have died accidentally or old age.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

Later, representatives of the human genus learned to purposefully hunt animals for sustenance and food needs.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

As social skills developed, hunting habits also became more complicated.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

Early findings provide indications that even modern man's predecessors knew how to exploit terrain forms, such as ravines and escarpments, in game driving.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

Representatives of this hunt-gathering culture were already the Neanderthal (Homo neanderthalensis) and Homo erectus, which already had a fairly developed hunting culture, as evidenced by several archaeological discoveries.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

However, there were no existing species of meat animals, namely cattle (Bos taurus), pigs (Sus domesticus) and sheep (Ovis aries), but prey animals in addition to many other species were the ancestors of the early bull (Bos primigenius), wild sheep (Ovis ammon) and wild boar (Sus scrofa).


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

There is archaeological evidence of hunting as far back as 500,000 BCE.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

However, it wasn't until modern humans (Homo sapiens) came up with capturing wild animals and domesticating them for their own needs.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

An intermediate stage can be considered nomadic (at least 7000 BCE.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

), where people covered and followed domesticated or semi-domesticated animals all the way to new areas according to their respective nutritional needs.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[5] Indeed, the domestication of animals and, in particular, the conscious breeding of animals in order to obtain the desired characteristics, did not start until the development of permanent farming, around 5000 BCE.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[5] [6] All major existing meat producing animals — pig, chicken, cattle and sheep — have been processed from wild stock forms over time.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

Breeding has aimed and aims at enhancing the traits desired in the animal species.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

The pig is, most purely of existing domestic animals, an animal processed only for meat production.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

Cattle and sheep, on the other hand, have at least two breeding lines distinguishable.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

Cattle have been processed for both milk cattle, meat cattle and lamb for both wool production and meat production.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

As a result of this breeding work, existing breeds of livestock have gradually taken shape.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

Pork All current pig breeds have been processed from wild boar, mainly two subspecies, wild boar found in Europe (Sus scrofa scrofa) and streaked water found in eastern Asia [7] (Sus scrofa vittatus).


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[5] The domestication of pigs as domestic animals did not occur until the development of permanent agriculture in the Neolithic period.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

Evidence of pig keeping as a domestic animal is not found until around 2500 BCE.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

from the territories of present-day Hungary and Turkey.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

For Greco-Roman culture, the pig was already an important meat producing animal, the meat of which was salted and smoked as well as used to make sausages.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[4] Beef Current domesticated cattle can be divided into two groups, the European type cattle (Bos taurus) and the hunchbacked cattle (Bos indicus) common in Africa and Asia.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

These are both descended from the early bull (Bos primigenius), which was domesticated around 5000 BCE.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

Evidence of domesticated hunchbacked bovine can be found in Mesopotamia from the period around 4500 BCE.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

and from European-type bovine from Egypt around 4000 BCE.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

Mutton Domestic sheep belong to the species Ovis aries, thought to be native to western Asia.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

The sheep is one of the oldest species of meat animal domesticated by humans.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

The oldest agriculture-related signs of sheep keeping are sheep bones found in the Neolithic strata of Jericho in archaeological excavations, dated to the period around 8000—7000 BCE.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

in Mesopotamian and Egyptian Frisians from the period 3500—3000 BCE.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

It can be seen that already at that time several breeds of sheep had developed.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[4] Production The animal used for meat production is slaughtered.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

Slaughtering is carried out as hygienically as possible and without causing stress to the animal, so as not to suffer the quality of the meat.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

The animal is stunned and the blood counts from it, causing it to die.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

After slaughter, the animal is skinned or plucked and usually cut into pieces.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[8] Most meat sold is packaged, often in protective gas.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

Meat to be packaged can also, for example, be diced, sliced or stripped, or marinated.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[9] Whole meat products use almost only meat, but sometimes salt, spices, additives and water.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[10] Other substances are used in processed meats such as sausage.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[11] Meat for human consumption Cooking Raw meat is usually cooked before eating.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

For different types of meat, different cooking methods are suitable.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[12] In cooking, the protein structures of meat are broken, that is, the meat is denatured.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

The transformation of proteins begins with meat temperature rising to +50 degrees Celsius, at which point the enzymes that worry meat are at their most active.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

At +60 degrees, the meat reaches medium maturity.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

The meat becomes fully mature at +80 degrees when even the last meat proteins are denatured and the cell walls break down.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

In this case, the meat is already quite dry, as its water-binding ability is impaired.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[13] Raw maturation begins immediately after the animal is slaughtered.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

In it, meat's own enzymes loosen the bonds of proteins, causing the meat to crumble and creating flavour-enhancing flavoring compounds.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

Raw cooking is carried out at 0-+2 degrees for one to six weeks.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

The meats of beef, lamb, elk, reindeer and game birds are craved for raw ripening.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[14] Marinating is done before cooking: the meat is kept in a flavored broth, which is absorbed inside the meat.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

Marinating spices and crumbs the meat.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[15] Frying ripens the meat and gives it a beautiful frying surface and aromas.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

In a frying pan, fry steaks and other meat quickly in butter or butter oil.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

When baking in the oven, an internal thermometer for meat is often used, which allows the degree of maturity of the meat to be adjusted to desired.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[16] In submersible frying, the meat is immersed in about +175 to 190 degrees of oil or fat.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

The meat is often breaded before sink-frying to give it a crispy crust.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[17] When grilling, the meat is quickly heated on a grate at high temperature.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[18] By smoking, meats can not only be cooked, but also seasoned and preserved.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[19] Cooking takes place in +100 degrees water and stewing at +80—90 degrees.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

The decoction is suitable for pre-cooking meat and making soups and can be used to soften the toughest parts of the carcass containing connective tissue.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[20] Meat can also be cooked in a microwave oven, although browning is not successful.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[21] In vacuum cooking, food is cooked in a vacuum packed at a low temperature in a water bath.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[22] Consumption Daily ingestion of meat and other products of the animal kingdom is a new phenomenon for most of humanity.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

As recently as the 1970s, the everyday food of the inhabitants of the Earth usually consisted solely of plant products.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[23] Today, an average of 80 grams of boneless meat per day is consumed per person on Earth.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[24] The average meat consumption in developing countries is only about 60 grams when converted to boned meat.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[25] The average Finnish person consumes about 160 grams per day of meat and sausages converted to boned meat, which is 16% less than the European average.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[26] As recently as the 1960s, only about 80 grams of boneless meat were eaten in Finland per day.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[27] Most meat used today for human consumption is obtained as livestock products from animals processed to produce meat as well.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

Worldwide, the main meat producing animals are pig (89.287mrdkg), chicken (69,267 mrd kg), cattle (50.542 mrd kg) and sheep and goat (total 12,490 mrd kg).


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[28] Table of meat consumption in Finland in kg/person in 2012, as bone-in meat: [29] Composition In meat, in addition to the actual muscle tissue, there are always other types of tissue, such as connective tissue and adipose tissue, as these are natural building materials for muscle.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

The composition of meat varies very much.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

The composition depends, among other things, on the species of animals, the breed, the age and sex of the animal, the history of nutrition, as well as the type of meat.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

But meat always contains — in varying proportions — water, proteins, fat, minerals and carbohydrates.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

Chemical composition of meat [30] Raw material rangemedium cooperative water64— 80% about 70% protein13— 21% about 18% fats and lipids2-25% about 15% mineralsabout 1% carbohydrate 0.5— 1.8% about 1% Nutritional values Meat is a good source of protein because its protein content in finished food is very large.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[31] However, meat is not a nutritionally necessary food substance, but can be exchanged for example for any protein from the animal kingdom.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[32] Meat is also, to some extent, a source of some minerals.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

Although meat also contains vitamins and essential fatty acids, meat is not considered the main source of these in a balanced diet.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

Organs such as the liver, on the other hand, are valuable sources of vitamins A and B1, as well as nicotinic acid.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

Meat, rich in connective tissue, is poorly digested and absorbed in the digestive tract.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

Since connective tissue proteins contain fewer essential amino acids than structural tissue, meat with a percentage higher proportion of collagen and elastin is also nutritionally inferior.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

The development of mechanized segregation of meat and the increasing food use of machine-segregated meat have made it important for nutritional review.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

When whole animal carcasses are machine-cut, the composition of meat is close to that of hand cut, but the amount of calcium, ash and iron is higher.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

This is likely to be caused by the fact that mechanically segregated meat contains collagen derived from bone.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

The nutritional value of mechanically segregated meat therefore varies depending on the source and amount of bone-derived collagen involved and the calcium contained in the bone.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

Amino acids Depending on the meat animal, essential amino acids account for 38— 40% of the total proteins in meat.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[4] Muscle is built primarily from structural proteins; actin and myosin, whose amino acid composition does not vary significantly between different animal species.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

Instead, for other proteins, differences occur in composition that may be considered to have low nutritional significance.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[4] Of the essential amino acids, beef contains slightly more leucine, lysine and valine, and less threonine than pork or mutton.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

However, differences more significant than the differences between animal species can be found in the muscles located in different parts of the carcass.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

Yet the breed and age of the animal also play a role.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

As the animal grows older, the amount of arginine, valine, methionine, isoleucine and phenylalanine increases relative to other amino acids.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

The amino acid composition is also affected by the processing of meat, but if the processing is not particularly drastic or long-lasting, the effects are usually minimal.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

More relevant is the possibility that certain amino acids may become nutritionally untapped.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

Meat amino acid composition as a percentage raw protein tamino acid nontransferable beefmeat lampan isoleucine unintermediated 5,14,94,8leucine-uninterfered8,47,57,4lysine unintermedied8,47,87,6methionineuninterfered2,32,52,3cysteineuntransmitted1,41,31,31,phenylalanylalanthia.uninterchangeable 4,04,13,9threonineuntransmitted 4,05,14,9tryptophan intermediated ön1,11,41,3valine uninterchangeable 5,75,05,0arginine untransmitted for children6,66,46,9histidine-transmitted for children2,93,22,7alaninenot necessary6,46,36,3aspartic acidnot necessary8,88,98,5glutamic acidnot necessary14,414,514,4glycinenot necessary7,16,16,7prolineNot necessary 5,44,84,64,64,66,16,7prolineNot necessary serinenot necessary3,84,03,9tyrosinenot necessary3,23,03,2 Health risks associated with meat products and red meat The use of sausage, ham, bacon and other industrially manufactured meat products containing additives increases the risk of certain diseases, unlike the use of ordinary meat.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

This is thought to be due to additives such as nitrate, phosphate and sodium.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[33] The consumption of industrially processed meat products increases by 18% the risk of dying younger than the rest of the population for every 50 g dose consumed daily.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

No comparable risk was found in those eating red meat.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

The excess deaths were caused, especially by diseases and cancers of the cardiovascular system.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[34] A US meta-study published in 2010 covering a total of 20 studies and 1218380 subjects found the use of industrial meat products to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes, but not stroke risk.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

With the use of unprocessed red meat, no increased risk of contracting these three diseases was observed.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[35] A Swedish study of 37,000 men published in 2014 found that industrially processed meat products increased the risk of heart failure, but unprocessed meat did not.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[36] A couple of years ago, WHO classified industrially produced meat products in the same category of harm as tobacco or asbestos.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[37] Red meat has been classified as Group 2A (probable carcinogens) by the International Centre for Research on Cancer (IARC).


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[38] Red meat contains a lot of heme iron, which may contribute to the formation of oxygen radicals that cause cell damage and thus increase the risk of cancer.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

When the meat is heated under intense heat, carcinogenic heterocyclic amines and polyaromatic hydrocarbons are additionally produced, i.e. so-called. PAHs, which are cancer-hazardous substances.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

Red meat is especially used to prepare steaks and steaks baked hot on the surface are unhealthier than meat cooked by stewing, for example [39].


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

Eating red meat is also known to increase the risk of cancer in the digestive system of certain types of mice.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

The mouse's body attacks a certain sugar found in red meat.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

The attack provokes an inflammatory reaction, which in turn predisposes to cancer.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[40] Many national health recommendations urge people to limit the consumption of industrial meat products [41].


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

However, according to Australian researcher Anthony McMichael, public health in poor countries would improve if their residents could increase their modestly sized meat consumption towards a 90-gram daily ration.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[24] Preservation of meat Meat is a perishable food.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

There are no bacteria in the meat of a healthy living animal, or there are very few of them, that is, the flesh is practically sterile.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

In contrast, the animal's skin, hairs and intestines contain large amounts of bacteria of certain species, as well as yeasts and moulds.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

For example, in sheep fur lives especially high levels of salmonella bacteria.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[42] When the animal is slaughtered its flesh begins to spoil.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

Meat belongs to the so-called perishable foods of most other products of animal origin, along with fruits and vegetables.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

Meat will spoil quickly if not modified and stored properly.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[42] Nowadays the aim is to guarantee the freshness of meat by an unbroken cold chain starting at the slaughterhouse and ending in the consumer's refrigerator.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

In the cold chain, meat temperature must not rise above 6-7 °C by law at any stage.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[43] At this temperature, for example, the amount of microbes contained in minced meat doubles in about six hours.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[42] In the meat industry, clearly lower storage temperatures are recommended for cold chain bodies and stores (2-4 °C).


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[44] Pollution Pollution of meat is considered to be changes in its appearance and composition so that it is no longer suitable for consumers.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

Not all food that has been spoiled or started to spoil is unfit for nutrition, but for understandable reasons consumers do not want to buy such food.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

Scientists have no consensus on when it can be said that meat is spoiled.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

The limit has roughly been estimated at about 10 million bacterial colonies per square centimeter (10cfu/cm²).


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[42] [45] [46] In this case, the first noticeable signs of pollution (smell) appear.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

Bad odor is caused by metabolites secreted by bacteria such as esters, alcohols and ketones.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[42] In early pollution, bacteria use meat glucose as their nutrition.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

When glucose is exhausted, bacteria begin to break down the amino acids, that is, proteins in the meat.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

At this point, the meat also becomes waterlogged, as microbes secrete collagens in the meat when they break down collagenase, which hydrolyzes the connective tissue surrounding the muscle fibers.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[42] In the later stage of pollution, the pH of the meat increases, i.e., alkalinizes by mm.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

under the influence of ammonium and amines.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

When the number of microbes rises close to 100 million square centimeters (10cfu/cm²), a layer of mucus begins to slowly form on the surface of the flesh.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

The sticky layer is also due to the growth of bacteria and the synthesis of polysaccharides.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[42] You can get food poisoning from eating spoiled meat.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

Polluted food also causes considerable economic losses for both consumers and producers.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

Climate impact Meat production and agricultural climate impact The production of meat and other animal kingdom products accounts for 18% of humanity's greenhouse gas emissions and nearly 80% of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions, according to an estimate by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[47] Australian scientists have suggested that residents of rich countries should reduce meat eating from 250g to 90g of meat per day as part of slowing global warming.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[24] If all U.S. residents gave up animal food, climate emissions would fall by 2.6%, or 28%, for food production, but people would suffer deficits of important nutrients and get too much energy, the modelling published in the journal PNAS shows.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

Even though animal emissions are 49% of agricultural emissions, the reduction would therefore be only 28%, because otherwise more by-products should be produced, such as artificial fertiliser when manure runs out, and the unfit for human feed produced as a by-product of plant cultivation could no longer be used for animal production.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

In the model, agricultural animals would be completely abandoned.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[48] The benefit of full veganism is therefore less than thought.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[49] By simply reducing the proportion of animal food in nutrition, a substantial proportion of that 2,6% would be achieved by a much smaller proportion of the harms.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

Meat production has been found to have extensive grievances in Brazil, for example; livestock farming and soy farming to meet the needs of the feed industry have led to large rainforest logging.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[50] Workers' working conditions have also been criticised.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

Average Meat Eating Climate Load The average Finnish daily consumption of meat and sausages (0.2 kilograms of carcasses) produces about 1.9 kilograms of CO2 eq of greenhouse gases, accounting for about 39% of the greenhouse gas emissions generated by the average Finnish consumer's daily nutrition.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[51] Table shows the life-cycle greenhouse emissions of 90-g uncooked portions and their share of greenhouse gas emissions from the daily diet of the average Finnish consumer.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

The calculation includes estimated emissions from the slaughterhouse, distribution and retail of 850 grams CO2 equ/kg of meat.


Question: Which country cooks the most red meat?

Meat

[51] See also Artificial Meat Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Remes, Mic| title = Meat: all meat from pasture to platter| publisher = readme.fi| year = 2013| id = ISBN 978-952-220-666-4| accessdate = 9.8.2013}} Citation error, replace {{cite bookk| | author = Harris Marvin| title = Birth of Cultures| publisher = Book group| year = 1982| id = ISBN 951-26-2183-5}} Source References Category:Animal Husbandry Category:Key articles in screening


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

Morning in the pine forest (or synonym Утро в сосновом бору, Utro v sosnovom boru [1], also known as “Three Bears” (ru: “Три медведедя”, Tri medvedja) [2] and also as “The Bear Family in the Forest” (“Медвежье семеме семмеме ейство в лесу”, Medvežje semeistvo v lesu) [3] is a work by Russian painters Ivan Šiškin and Konstantin Savitsky in collaboration with v.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

Landscape and animal painting completed around 1885—1889.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

The work is an oil painting on canvas in size 139 × 213 cm and is exhibited in the permanent collection of the Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow, Russia.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

The painting “Morning in the Pine Forest” belonged to the art collector Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov since 1889.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

The description “Morning in the Pine Forest” is one of the most famous work and key creation by Russian masters of landscape art [4], which admires the nature of the wilderness and its animal world.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

[5] [6] The painting is a balanced combination of an immense forest landscape in the light of the harrowing morning sun and bear cubs climbing on fallen hong under the supervision of their mother.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

In the photo everything looks very harmonious.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

Dominant and at the same time clumsy forest dwellers are surrounded by green, blue and sunny yellow colours as they immortalize the influence of nature from their sleep awakening moods.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

The morning has not begun with a woodland opening; nature is a bush-long deep salo with fog between centuries-old pine trunks and branches and mossed boulders.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

In many ways, the painting reveals the true art of photography and its quality that predates modern digital technology, whereby every corsi, every ray of sunshine, pine needle and fallen pine has required an artist's precise handprint.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

[4] The artist allows the edge of the fabric to cut the treetops.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

In the background above the forest, the golden rays of a bright flash are like a hint of a little risen sun, barely illuminating the earth, and whose light making its way has already reached the treetop crowns, throwing gold splashes on them, and at the same time still hiding in the scrub.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

The combined effect of the colors of the picture is as if from the dawn of the pores, when the light blue familiar in the air has acquired a blue-green, slightly cloudy and foggy hue.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

Sunlight brings an exuberant mood to the picture, though the ground is still covered in swirls of mist, depicted so realistically that one can feel the night coolness between two fallen pine trees, hidden from the midday heat of summer.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

“Morning in the pine forest” gives the opportunity to enjoy a beautiful and peaceful forest landscape, admire the tranquility and charm of the nature of the wilderness, escorted by bear cubs playing in the foreground of the picture.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

A wet and foggy morning seems to have awakened the ancient inhabitants of the forest, who revive the composition of the picture.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

Of the four protagonists in the picture, two are climbing a fallen pine tree and the third, pensive, looking at a forest thicket shrouded in fog.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

[7] [5] [6] For puppies that look harmless, a new day seems to mean real frolic and their closer acquaintance with the world around them has begun with fallen pines on which they climb playfully.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

Next to her cubs, a bear mother watching over her cubs tries to catch the slightest sound that might disturb their idyll.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

Animals painted in an exceptional artist collaboration like sculptures on pine trees lying in tanter in the middle of their own busy and important tasks naturally revive the image.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

In the foreground, a family of bears and an old sheltered salo in the sunny moments of a new morning evoke a reassuring positive feeling and a belief that those animals predators' cruelty will not reach.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

[4] According to some sources, the Russian collector Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov had written: “I need no rich nature, nor its magnificent composition, nor spectacular lighting or miracles, give me a dirty puddle, but there must be truth, poetry in it...” This longed-for truth P. Tretyakov had discovered “Morning in the Pine Forest” in a painting in 1889, when he bought it for his next touring exhibition.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

[3] Background and Key Factors There are many stories or myths associated with this painting and its authors.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

According to one of them, Šiškin had begun his actual work on painting in 1885.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

[8] [9] [10] To show the immense depth of the Russian pine forest in the picture, the artist had gone for three months to live in a hut in the middle of the Bryansk forests and sought realistic unity with nature.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

The result was the landscape painting “Pine Forest.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

Morning” (ru:” Сосновый бор.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

Утро”).


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

According to some, Ivan Ivanovich's cloth lacked dynamics, and it was decided to complement the landscape with something vivid.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

Originally the intention was to “put on canvas” hares, but their small size was seen to fail to convey the natural awesomeness of the forest.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

The selection was directed at three bulkier fauna representatives, a bear, a wild boar and a moose, of which, after rough removals, the bear remained.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

After that, the artist had gone back to the forests to imitate the winner of the competition in nature without success.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

Bryansk's bear population had felt less lutuse to the painter and languished, causing him to decide to continue his search in other provinces.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

Thus, the artist had spent four years wandering around Orlov, as well as the forests of Ryazan and Pskov region, without finding a suitable animal as a model.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

When the painter's choice had finally begun to tilt towards the boar, a new direction for the forests of Vyatka Governorate was given to him by Alfred Edmund Brehm, whose world-famous work entitled “The Life of Animals” the best bears in appearance live in those regions.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

[10] Stories also state that Ivan Šiškin had the first draft of the painting completed in the 1880s [11] or that the bears were already designed on paper in a pencil sketch in 1886 [12] and in oil paints on canvas in 1889.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

[13] or that the sketches of his painting I. Šiškin had created Seliger Lake on Gorodomlya island.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

[4] On the other hand, it is claimed by scholars to say that the forests of Vyatka are very different in nature from this “Shishkinian” fantastical forest landscape.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

Possibly, perhaps, bears appear in them, which this painting over a century old just like asking to take care of.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

Thus, according to some sources, the possibility that the landscape was painted on the occasion of the artist's trip to the Vologda Forest in 1888, when he created both “Fog in the Pine Forest” and “Trees Felled by the Wind”.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

[14] Or that the painting was painted in the forests of Estonia, which were attracted to Šiškin especially during the summer.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

[15] The painter had painted his pine tree, inspired by the multi-branched and ancient honga that grew up near a spa town called Narva-Jõesuu.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

[16] [17] [18] The oil painting is claimed to have been completed at the time of the Russification period of the Estonian people to counter the increased struggle for national autonomy.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

[15] Šiškin seemed above all enchanted by the pristine beauty of the Gulf of Finland coast near Narva, because the collection of the Museum of Russian Art includes paintings created by him from the steep rock embankment of Udria, a narrow strip of sand and the sea space that begins from it [19] since 1888 [11] [20] ] and 1889.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

[21] As a cultural heritage, the work has been the subject of the short film “Vennad karusüdamed” (“Vennad karusüdamed” (“Brothers Karhunhearts”) by the Estonian film director and animator Riho Undi.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

[22] [23] [24] [25] [26] Savitsky's handwriting and Tretyakov turpentine Most of the stories tell that Ivan Šiškin painted a forest landscape without bears.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

According to one version, Šiškin's friend and artist Konstantin Savitski had told him that such an exquisite landscape would be appropriate for each of the puppies, so gave the idea, which eventually came true.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

[1] The playing bears had been painted on canvas by K. Savitski, so the picture “Morning in the Pine Forest” has two elements.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

[7] Initially K. Savitski had created two clubpalms [14], but later increased the number of animals to four.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

It was assumed that Šiškin, despite his quite remarkable success as an animal painter, was not capable of drawing bears.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

A myth arose that the incompetent Šiškin was forced to ask an acquaintance artist to draw bears because he himself did not know how.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

So he took advantage of Savitsky without giving permission to write an autograph on the picture.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

[4] And that Konstantin Savitski, upon learning that his name was removed from the picture, quarreled and never again communicated with Šiškin.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

The artists are, in fact, claimed to be longtime good friends and bears have appeared after Savitski had noted the image without them as less vibrant.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

Savitski and Šiškin supported another as godparents as well.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

Konstantin Apollonovich was godfather to Ivan Ivanovich's youngest son Konstantin and artists are reported to hold one in common grief when the boy died at the age of three.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

In general, there were enough distress afflicting both painters: the sudden death of Šiškin's wife and the suicide of Savitsky's first wife.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

[3] Artists toured exhibitions together, were in correspondence, and often met to consider subjects for future paintings.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

The idea of creating a work on a large-scale canvas where the bear family would be the central element.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

The idea may also have arisen after Šiškin painted v 1888 either “Fog in the Pine Forest” or “The Wind-Felled Trees” and after inviting Savitsky to visit his studio.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

By then, apparently, he had displayed “almost the most he had covered” the canvas.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

The desire of artists to collaborate may possibly have arisen with the success of the painting “Fog in the Pine Forest” in mobile exhibition centers in Moscow.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

[14] I then saw Savitski, known as a brilliant master and pedagogue of genre paintings, painted the bears.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

This does not mean that Šiškin could not have done it himself.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

It is known that he studied with the well-known painter of animals in Switzerland, Rudolf Koller.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

Many of his paintings feature animals and birds, such as e.g.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

in the works “Swamp of the Cucumbers”, “Landscape in the vicinity of St. Petersburg”, “Männistö, Mast Forest”, “Wilderness”.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

Therefore, we can only guess why Ivan Šiškin handed over the paintbrush to Savitsky.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

Perhaps because the idea to add bears to the image was born precisely with Konstantin Apollonovich.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

Or would it have been a friendly gesture, since Šiškin knew Savitsky would often draw animals for his son Georg, a future artist, and thus not to spoil Savitski's canvas in vain.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

He had considered it his duty to ask Savitsky to leave his autograph on the canvas and had distributed the reward of four thousand rubles received from Tretyakov in giving Savitsky a thousand rubles.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

[1] Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov had purchased the painting under the name “The Bear Family in the Forest” (“Медвежье семейство в лесу”) in 1889 almost immediately after completion, and was the point after noticing some changes.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

By the time he had paid for the painting, it had had Ivan Šiškin's signature on it, but by the time he received the painting there were already two signatures.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

In addition to the name Šiškin, there was the name of Konstantin Savitsky.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

According to some sources, Tretyakov's employee N.A.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

Mudrogel wrote in his memoir “Fifty-Eight Years at the Tretyakov Gallery” that as a strict merchant known P.M.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

Tretyakov had proceeded according to his principle and immediately demanded French turpentine to personally remove another signature.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

It is also mentioned that in the opinion of Pavel Tretyakov, the key to this image was the landscape, not the bears.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

[1] The trace of the deletion is still considered to be visible in the lower left corner of the image below Šiškin's autograph.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

[2] Today the painting is considered one of the most famous, famous and best of Ivan Šiškin.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

The forest landscape is undoubtedly created in the style of Šiškin, whereby the misty forest, the pines towering towards the sky, the sunrise enveloping in pink haze and a sense of the surrounding silence are painted by his elaborate method.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

However, some sources consider it undeniable that Savitsky's endearing-looking bear cubs have added special enchantment to the image and this is an excellent result of the collaboration between the two artists.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

It also mentions the humorous alternative title “Logging of Bears” in addition to bearing the painting in Soviet years.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

[1] The subject of sweets in paper wrappers “Morning in the pine forest” gained wider popularity among Russian residents thanks to the confectioner Theodor Ferdinand von Einem, who together with his partner, the financier Julius Geis (de: Julius Heuss) was in Moscow in 1867 by Sophiskaya set up a steam factory producing sweets and tea biscuits on the beach boulevard.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

[27] Its production had developed at a rapid pace and products were awarded at exhibitions.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

In a rather unusual way at that time, enterprising Germans did not invest in the quality of products alone, but also came up with new ways of advertising in order to attract the attention of buyers.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

The company created various confectionery series such as “Treasures of the Sea and Earth”, “Different Peoples of the World”, “Vehicles” and “Russian Artists and Their Paintings.”


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

On one side of the paper wrapper, the shopper saw a picture; on the other side, a short encyclopedia-like article could be read.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

According to legend, the candy first got its name “Miška Kosolapyi” (“Miška Bear Palm”) after an imitation on the wall of Geis' office and later a new delicacy was designed itself.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

History is silent about how, upon the retirement and death of T. von Einem in 1876, Geisin managed to obtain permission from the Tretyakov brothers, P. Tretyakov or the city of Moscow for the introduction of imitation of the work belonging to the collection in candy wrappers, but one of the earliest of them Šiškin with their climbing bears bear an inscription dating back to 1896.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

[28] The recipe is now more than one hundred years old.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

The confection included two chocolate-encrusted waffle plates, interspersed with a thick pulp of almond, cocoa and sugar filling.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

According to some sources, N.A.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

In the album of the “chocolate artist” Manuil Andreeyev, found in the library bearing Nekrasov's name, it is the exact time that the paper wrapper of “Miška Bear Palm” appeared in v.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

in 1913.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

[27] Production of that truly popular candy was resumed after the October Revolution at the plant Krasnyi Oktjabr (“Red October”), which had been nationalized world-famous steam factory “Einem”.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

[29] Even after 1917, the design and fonts of the product labels remained, and old “pre-revolutionary” markings were borrowed on packaging.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

The names of many goods remained unchanged.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

Because the non-copyright brought on by the socialist revolution brought e.g.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

With chocolate recipes publicity, at the end of the 1920s, collections of recipes began to appear, and every Soviet factory could produce reproductions of the masterpiece.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

[27] Candy became one of the most delicious and expensive brand and export products in the USSR, at a price of 4 rubles per kilogram.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky, a propaganda genius and poet of the time, invented a fresh slogan for the confection, which was immediately printed on its paper wrapper: “If you want “Miška” to taste, keep enough to save” (or “If you want “Miška” to eat, keep a savings account to create”, (ru: “Если хочешь кушать “Мишку”, заведи себе сберкнижку”).


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

[3] This prompted the production of the national “Three Bears” chocolate and then no one was surprised that there were four animals in the picture.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

[1] [28] The delicacy was also referred to among the people as the “Three Bear Sons”.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

“Miškan” nowadays more well-known turquoise colored paper wrapper appeared in 1925.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

[3] Despite its high price, delicacies were in demand.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

Perhaps that is why the painter and graphic artist Aleksandr Rodchenko immortalized it [3] as a single monument of Moscow's first skyscraper, avant-garde and constructivist architecture, known as a single monument of Mosselprom Malyi Kislovsky pereulok side by side of other candy, tobacco, dairy and e.g.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

With a beer poster named “Belly Friend”.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

[30] [31] The building was built in 1925 for Kalashnyi Pereulok [32] and housed a group under which all confectionery, food, alcohol and tobacco factories in the city were united.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

[3] [29] In 1950 “Miška Karhukämmen” went to Brussels: the factory “Red October” participated in the World Expo and received the highest prize.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

In the early 1990s, “Miška Karhukämmen” candy was even manufactured in the United States.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

[27] Replicas of the oil painting were now obtained cheaply and sold in every bookstore.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

“Morning in the Pine Forest” and Ivan Šiškin's other popular, “Ruispelto” completed in 1878, adorned the walls in many Soviet apartments and villas.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

“Bears” were both art on wallpaper and popular details of Soviet men in the interior.


Question: Who has written the story of the Russian Morning in the Pine Forest?

Morning in the pine forest

[32] References Category:Russian paintings category:19th century


Question: How many people are estimated to have been incarcerated in prison camps following Finland's civil war?

Finnish Civil War

The Finnish Civil War was fought between the Senate of Finland, or the government, and troops led by the Finnish People's Delegation that had rebelled against it from 27 January — 15 May 1918.


Question: How many people are estimated to have been incarcerated in prison camps following Finland's civil war?

Finnish Civil War

The armed forces of the Senate were white troops and the Finnish Red Guard, or Red Guards, as the People's Delegation.