Question: In what year was Lubyanka built?

2010

They were reported to have been planning the most devastating attack on the office building of the Jyllands-Posten newspaper in Copenhagen and to have been in contact with Islamic extremist organisations.


Question: In what year was Lubyanka built?

2010

In addition, Swedish police arrested one person in Stockholm in connection with the case.


Question: In what year was Lubyanka built?

2010

Those arrested were reported to have been kept under eye for several months.


Question: In what year was Lubyanka built?

2010

29 December — A Moscow court orders former oil billionaire Mikhail Khodorkovsky a new 14-year prison sentence.


Question: In what year was Lubyanka built?

2010

Khodorkovsky and Platon Lebedev were similarly found guilty early in the week of stealing oil worth US$30 billion.


Question: In what year was Lubyanka built?

2010

Khodorkovsky and Lebedev were initially arrested in 2003 and convicted in 2005 of tax fraud.


Question: In what year was Lubyanka built?

2010

[80] [81] The verdict was criticised by some foreign politicians, including Hillary Clinton, the US Secretary of State, and Guido Westerwelle of Germany.


Question: In what year was Lubyanka built?

2010

[82] The Russian Foreign Ministry condemned attempts to put pressure on the judicial system.


Question: In what year was Lubyanka built?

2010

[83] 31 December − The Helsinki Court of Appeal rejected Rwandan-born pastor François Bazaramba's demand that the lawsuit against him be referred to the district court.


Question: In what year was Lubyanka built?

2010

In the summer, the Porvoo District Court had sentenced Bazaramba to life imprisonment for his involvement in the 1994 Rwandan genocide.


Question: In what year was Lubyanka built?

2010

Other The frosty period in Finland, which began in December 2009, was among the three longest measured at least in Lappeenranta, Helsinki, Turku, Tampere and Oulu.


Question: In what year was Lubyanka built?

2010

[84] In July, helle records were measured.


Question: In what year was Lubyanka built?

2010

The month was the warmest in Finland's statistical history.


Question: In what year was Lubyanka built?

2010

[85] The heats of July turned into storms in Finland at the turn of the moon, causing great devastation in early August.


Question: In what year was Lubyanka built?

2010

The heat also came with a record amount of hailstorms in Finland.


Question: In what year was Lubyanka built?

2010

Between May and September, a total of 386 pieces were observed.


Question: In what year was Lubyanka built?

2010

[86] Unknown date Palestinian Authority presidential and parliamentary elections were scheduled for this year.


Question: In what year was Lubyanka built?

2010

[87] The project to upgrade Kantatie 51 into a motorway between Kivlahhti—Kirkkonummi began in March.


Question: In what year was Lubyanka built?

2010

In August, the WHO announced the 2009 swine flu pandemic had ended.


Question: In what year was Lubyanka built?

2010

Births on October 14 — Leanne Bautista, Filipino Child Actress Dead Nobel Prizes Nobel Prize in Physics — Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov Nobel Prize in Chemistry — Richard F. Heck, Akira Suzuki and non-Ichi Negishi Nobel Prize in Literature — Mario Vargas Llosa Nobel Prize for Medicine — Robert G. Edwards Nobel Peace Prize — Liu Xiaobo Nobel Prize in Economics — Peter A. Diamond, Dale T. Mortensen and Christopher A. Pissarides Events by Subject Space Action 2010 Unmanned Space Flight Movies Literature Music Sports Video games Year 2010 in fiction 2010 film is ranked for this year.


Question: In what year was Lubyanka built?

2010

2010: A Space Odyssey, a book by Arthur C. Clarke.


Question: In what year was Lubyanka built?

2010

Lisa Simpson gets married in 2010 in the episode “Lisa's Wedding” of the 6th production season of the television series The Simpsons (made in 1994).


Question: In what year was Lubyanka built?

2010

Stormbirds (played film from 2004) set in this year See also Sources Category:2010


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

Hugo Alvar Henrik Aalto () was a Finnish architect, designer and academician.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

Since the late 1950s, he is a nationally and internationally renowned champion and notable names mentioned in connection with modernism in architecture.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[1] Aalto's many design works include buildings in other parts of Europe and the United States in addition to Finland.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

He had been influenced not only by Finnish nature and tradition, but also by the history of architecture.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

Among his works are the Paimio Sanatorium, Finlandia House, Säynätsalo Municipal Hall and the buildings of the University of Technology.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[2] He was also known for his firm cooperation with the Ahlström family, and the result of this cooperation resulted in general patterns and city plans for factory localities, as well as workers' dwellings and individual buildings.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[1] Aalto was also one of the founders of Artek and Contemporary Art Association.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

Life Youth and studies Alvar Aalto's parents were Johan Aalto, a Finnish-speaking surveyor, and Selly (Selma) Aalto (o.s. Hackstedt), a Swedish postal clerk.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

Alvar was five years old when the family moved from Kuortane to Jyväskylä.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[3] Johan Aalto bought a house in the centre of Alajärvi after the Finnish Civil War, when Alvar also moved to Alajärvi and was enrolled there until his marriage in 1925.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[1] [3] Aalto wrote in 1916 as a student from the Jyväskylä Lyceum and then went to study architecture at Helsinki University of Technology.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

Like his fellow students, Aalto took part in the civil war.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

In the early part of the war he took part in the Battle of Länkipohja and in the final stages he served in the Battle of Tampere as an interpreter in the Swedish Brigade.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[4] He graduated as an architect in 1921.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[5] At the University of Technology, Aalto was taught by Armas Lindgren, Uhko Nyström and Carolus Lindberg, among others.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

Turn-of-the-century national romanticism was transmitted through Lindgren.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

Aalto was popular in his student body, and through Carolus Lindberg he became acquainted with artists Henry Ericsson and Topi Vikstedt, as well as newspaperman Arthur Sjöblom.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

Aalto began his literary career by writing for Vikstedt and Sjöblom's Kerberos magazine, for which he made pachinos.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

Later in his career, Aalto focused mainly on topics related to his profession.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[1] Career First works The first public building design work for a public building in his 20s was a patronage house completed in 1920 on the basis of plans drawn up in 1919 in Alajärvi.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

Aalto's career, who graduated as an architect, did not start quite as expected in the metropolitan area.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

So he returned to Jyväskylä and established an architectural firm there in 1923.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

Aalto hired Aino Marsio as an assistant in his office, who became Aalto's first spouse in 1924.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[2] In the same year, Aalto completed the drawings for the Alajärvi Municipal Hospital and planned their breakthrough works for the Jyväskylä Workers' House and Seinäjoki Patronage House.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[1] Väinölä, designed as a home and office for a surveying engineer brother who lived in Alajärvi, was completed in 1926.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

The following year, Aalto won the design competition for the South-West Finland Maatentalo and Vyborg City Library in Turku.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

The construction work of the Vyborg Library began through many phases only in 1935, but Märtentalo was the largest of Aalto's projects.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

The waves moved to Turku because of construction work.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[1] Aino Aalto designed Villa Flora on the shore of Pynttar village in Alajärvi in 1926 as the family's summer residence.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

The low-rise, white-plastered single-storey wooden house originally had a saddle roof growing peat grass.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

On the side of the lake is a colonnade wide of the entire building.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

The original living and bedroom and kitchen building was expanded in 1938 with two bedrooms.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

Waves enjoyed the peace of Villa Flora especially in the 1930s, but after Aino Aalto died in 1949, Alvar visited it alone only rarely.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

During his second marriage, he no longer visited Villa Flora.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

However, the place is still privately owned by the Aalto family.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[6] In the favourable atmosphere of Turku, Aalto and Erik Bryggman, another architecture of the new direction, both worked in Turku, where the culture favoured modernism and where there were builders who wanted functionalist architecture in particular.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[1] Aalto and Bryggman were planning the pavilions of the 1929 Turku Fair, through which functionalism became tangible in Finland.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[2] Aalto got the opportunity to apply load-bearing building frame, flexible base formula and modular thinking in a dwelling house commissioned by the manufacturer Juho Tapani and located at Läntinen Pitkäkatu 20.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

It was built 1927—1929 and the new office building of Turun Sanomat in turn 1928—1930.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

For this, Aalto designed a new pillar structure with engineer Emil Henriksson.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[1] In order to overcome pulmonary tuberculosis, construction of provincial sanatoriums had begun in Finland.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

Aalto won the competition for a sanatorium to be built in Paimio.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

The Paimio Sanatorium, designed by Aalto, was built 1929—1933 and used similar influences from Le Corbusier to the Sanomat office building in Turku.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

The Paimio Sanatorium was a holistic work, as Aalot also implemented the interior decoration there.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

Aalto had already cooperated with Otto Korhonen, Technical Director of the Furniture and Construction Works Factory.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

With Korhonen's help, Aalto developed chair designs until serial production.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[1] Muurame Church Muurame Church was completed in 1929 according to Alvar Aalto's drawings.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

The influences of his honeymoon to Italy are evident in the details of the church.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

Architecturally, the church represents Nordic classicism.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

An intermediate stage was underway in Aalto's career in the transition from classicism to functionalism.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[7] The church was renovated in 2016 from the exterior and inside following the previous renovation in 1979.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

The starting point of the renovation was to restore the church to its original habitation.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

The church received its original colour, the altar parapet was restored to its original residence, and the rose garden was rebuilt.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[8] Helsinki era Moving to Helsinki Many Turku developers ran into financial difficulties when the recession hit 1929.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

After the completion of Paimio Sanatorium, Aalot moved to Helsinki, where there were more job opportunities.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

Aalto's office was in Munkkiniemi, Helsinki, from 1935 until the 1950s.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[1] Aalto became interested in Munkkiniemi after designing apartment buildings there M.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

G. Stenius Ltd.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

Waves bought a high, rocky lot from the company in 1935.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

The drawings for the Riihitie house were completed in late summer 1935, and construction could be reached immediately.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

In August 1936, the Aaltos could move into their new home, whose dual function as both home and office can be seen in the outdoor architecture.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

The narrow-bodied office wing is slammed brick.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

The outer shell of the dwelling side, on the other hand, is upholstered in dark stained wood trimming.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

Between the sections is a terrace facing south on the side of the courtyard, [9] from which at first saw out to sea.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

The Riihitie house was used for residential use until 1998, when it was 100 years since Aalto's birth.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

It then passed to the Alvar Aalto Foundation and was museumed.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

The building was protected by law in 1982 and basic repaired in the early 2000s.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

It opened as a home museum in 2002.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[10] Cooperation with the Gullichsens in the mid-1930s, Aalto became acquainted with Harry Gullichsen, the CEO of the Ahlström Group, and his wife Maire.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

The Gullichsens built a progressive and socially responsible corporate culture for Ahlström.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

Maire Gullichsen in particular was familiar with modernist art, which was also promoted by supporting Artek.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[1] For Ahlström, Aalto designed industrial settlements for which he drew general and city plans, as well as workers' dwellings and individual buildings.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[1] On the basis of Aalto's plans, a terrace house was built in connection with the Kauttuan paper mill, which was to become the beginning of new labour construction.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

On Kauttua, however, the broader plans failed to materialise.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[11] Under the influence of Harry Gullichse, Aalto was able to design a joint project of several forestry companies.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

He drew all the buildings in Kotka Sunila, right down to the cellulose factory.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

In housing architecture, Aalto aimed for “classless” architecture.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

Sunila was built 1936—1954 and became the model for many later Finnish suburbs.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

Waves designed Villa Mairea in Noormarkku for the Gullichsens, which was built 1938—1940.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[1] In a private house built for himself and the Gullischens, Aalto was able to break down the strict regulations of architecture and implement his own vision of living together between people, nature and architecture.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

At the same time, Aalto was also able to enter temporary exhibition buildings at the 1937 Paris and 1939 World Exhibitions in New York.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[2] From the United States to Reconstruction, Aalto had first visited the United States in 1938, the same year that the New York Museum of Modern Art had held the Waves exhibition.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

His second trip to the United States Aalot made 1940, when Alvar Aalto gave visiting lectures at various educational institutions.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

The Massachusetts Institute of Technology invited Aalto to be its research fellow, and he was attached 1945—1948 as a professor at MIT.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

However, due to projects in his country, he had time to perform the task very irregularly.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

The university dormitory Baker House was built 1946—1949 based on plans by Aalto.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[1] Aalto was elected president of the Association of Architects in 1943, a position he held until 1958.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

The union even drove Aalto to become Director General of the Board of Construction, but architect Jussi Lappi-Seppälä was chosen for the job.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[1] After World War II, Aalto was with many other Finnish architects to solve the problem of reconstruction.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[2] Aalto was actively designing new type houses and dreamed of creating an international model laboratory for reconstruction in Finland.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[11] Lapland's reconstruction plan is the lesser-known aspect of his work.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

Its first phase was the reconstruction plan of Rovaniemi.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

He established a branch office in Rovaniemi, and architect Jaakko Kaikkonen came under its management.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

When regional zoning was annexed to the Building Act 1958, Aalto considered its work to be finished.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[12] Aalto was widowed in 1949.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

His second spouse was a co-worker since 1952, Elissa Aalto, an architect from Rovaniemi.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[2] From the Red Brick Age to urban entities, the municipal house of Säynätsalo, a small industrial colony near Jyväskylä, was built 1949—1952.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

The wave as its designer was proposed by Hilmer Brommels, the local director of Enso-Gutzeit.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[1] The Säynätsalo Municipal Hall started a series of red brick architecture in Aalto.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

He continued, among other things, in the new main building of the Jyväskylä School of Education, which began to be built in 1952.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[13] Aalto became a summer resident of Jyväskylä when he built a so-called test house in Muuratsalo in 1952—1953.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[1] Aalto finally got to Helsinki to build a large site in the 1950s.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

In addition to his own house, on the basis of Aalto's plans, a small kiosk was newly built at the Erottaja Junction in 1951 and the Engineering Hall completed in 1952.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

His first bigger destination in Helsinki was Rautatalo, completed in 1954.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

The main office building of the National Insurance Institute (1952—1956) became the most monumental building in Taka-Töölö, and the Cultural House rose in 1955—1958 on the Sturenkatu arm.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

The main building of the University of Technology was based on the Otaniemi city plan prepared by Aalto in 1949.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

The high and fan-like lecture hall section of the main building dominates the landscape.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[13] The most monumental of the urban units designed by Aalto is the city centre of Seinäjoki.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

Aalto was commissioned in 1951 to design a church.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

After the completion of the Expanse Cross in 1960, the work expanded to several other buildings.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

To counterbalance the White Church, the City Hall (1962), the Library (1965), and the Office House (1968) were built.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[14] The Aalto Centre in Alajärvi consists of the patron municipal hall (1920), Väinölä (1926), the old hospital (1928), the municipal hall and health hall (1967), the parish hall (1970) and the city library which was once founded by Aalto (1991).


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[15] In 1961, Alvar Aalto drew up the Helsinki City Centre Plan, which had received great attention, concerning the still under-built areas near the centre.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

The plan encompassed, among other things, the area of the old goods yard to the northwest of the railway station, Töölönlahti with its surroundings and the northern part of Kamppi.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[16] Aalto designed a fan-like terrace building at the southern end of Töölönlahti and a chain of cultural buildings on the west bank.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[17] In 1966 the City Council approved the plan, [18] but it also received widespread opposition.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

The fiercest opposition was to the construction of the western shore of Töölönlahti.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[19] Only Finlandia House and Electrotalo in Kamppi have been implemented from the Aalto plan.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[19] Alvar Aalto died in Helsinki in 1976.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

He is buried at the foot of the Hietaniemi Cemetery Artistjainmäki.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[20] Architecture Aalto's buildings designed in Finland include Villa Mairea, Helsinki's Finlandia Hall (1971), Culture House (1958) and Main Office Building of the Finnish National Insurance Institute (1956), Rovaniemi City Plan, University of Jyväskylä Main Building (1954—1956) and Sport Science Faculty Department Building (1971), Alvar Aalto Museum (1971—1973) and swimming hall Aalto-Alvari (1954—1956), Säynätsalo Municipal Hall, Seinäjoki Aaltokeskus and Patronage Hall, the main building and campus area of the University of Technology in Otaniemi, Espoo, and the Vyborg Library.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

In 1942, the regional plan for Kokemäenjoenlaakso, which was Finland's first regional plan, was completed.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

Buildings designed by Aalto outside Finland include a student dormitory at MIT in Boston, USA, residential houses in Zurich, Switzerland, and the Essen Opera House in Germany.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[21] [22] Some of Aalto's foreign projects also remained unrealized; among other things, the Art Museum in Šīrāz, Iran, is among Aalto's unrealized buildings.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[23] Aalto is known as a functionalist who aimed at fairly simple, geometric and beautiful but at the same time functional buildings.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

However, the Finlandia House in particular has been criticised for the fact that the marble chosen as a coating material is not suitable for the Finnish climate and the acoustics of the hall are poor.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[25] [26] Aalto's work notable trendsetters in architecture were Turku Sanomat Office Building (1930), Paimio Sanatorium (1933), Vyborg Library (1935), Villa Mairea and Vuoksenniska Three Cross Church (1957).


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

In the 1920s, Aalto embraced functionalism but did not commit to the original Bauhausian straightforward functionalism, but instead set out in the 1920s—1930s to emphasize the importance of humanity and social conscience.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[27] Alajärvi Municipal Hall, Terveyhouse and Parish Hall represent newer functionalism.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[3] Before the wars, Aalto used mainly the classical hallmarks of functionalism — white, geometrically simple wall surfaces, light-looking structures — but after the wars were replaced by a more human and earthy perception of space and a living brick surface.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

The new line was most clearly visible from the municipal hall of Säynätsalo (1952).


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[26] Although Aalto has been cited as one of Finland's most prominent architects, some of his works have been criticized.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

For example, Enso-Gutzeit Oy's headquarters at the Katajanokka end has been considered unsuitable for its place and detached to the rest of the environment.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[28] Alvar Aalto was happy to hide visual jokes in his buildings.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

One of the most visible is in Töölö, Helsinki, where the National Museum tower appears to continue through the Finlandia House while the Finlandia House is viewed from the café terrace on the Vastaranta.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

The visual illusion arises when a dark panel on the north side of the concert hall's roof aligns exactly with the north wall of the National Museum's tower.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[24] Furniture and design Aalto is also well known as a designer of furniture and glassware.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

Aalto rose to world fame, first with its furniture, which was exhibited in the 30's in several major exhibitions around the world; Even before Artek 1933 Fortnum & Mason London, 1933 Milan Triennale, then 1936 Milan Triennale, 1937 Paris World Expo, MoMA 1938, 1939 New York World's Fair, etc. In conjunction with furniture exhibitions, his architecture began to be exhibited with photographs and miniature models as well.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

Artek, founded by Alvar Aalto, Aino Aalto and Maire Gullichsen (o.s. Ahlström) and Nils-Gustav Hahl, was involved in launching the concept of Nordic design to the world.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

The Savoy vase designed by Aalto and manufactured by Karhula glassworks has also been called the most famous glassware in the world, [29] and Iittala continues to sell the Aalto collection.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[30] The aim of Aalto and Artek was to make furniture that is functional and that as many people as possible could buy.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

The most famous furniture designed by Aalto is a three- and four-legged stackable stool, a stool backrest version and a recliner designed for Paimio Sanatorium.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[31] The stool is one of the most copied furniture designed by Aalto.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[32] [33] Together with the Korhonen furniture factory, Aalto developed methods of bending and laminating wood.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

The results of this collaboration are the above-mentioned well-known furniture.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[34] Aalto has also designed the interior of the Savoy restaurant together with Aino Aalto, Dora Jung and Artek.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[35] Aalto designed a monument to the Lower Lake people who fell on the White side in the Civil War.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

Uncovered in spring 1920, the monument features a cubic granite boulder on a stepped pedestal.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

Aalto designed a supplement to the 1946 monument with an obituary cross as the main motif.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

In addition to military historical monuments, a family tomb memorial pause designed by Aaljärvi is also found in Alajärvi churchyard.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[36] There are several places named after Alvar Aalto: Alvar Aalto street is in Jyväskylä, Seinäjoki and Meri-Toppila in Oulu.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

In Jyväskylä, there is also the Alvar Aalto Museum on the street.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

Alvar Aalto road is in Alajärvi, Eura, Kuortane, Paimio and Jyväskylä, formerly part of the municipality of Säynätsalo.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[1] In Otaniemi, Espoo is the Alvar Square [37].


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

According to Alvar Aalto, Aalto University was named after the merger of the University of Technology, Helsinki School of Economics and the University of Art and Design in early 2010.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

[38] Well-known buildings in Finland Seinäjoki Patronage Hall (1924) Muurame Church (1929) Paimio Sanatorium (1930) Vyborg City Library (1935) Villa Mairea (1939) Tehdanmäki School (1940) Säynätsalo Municipal Hall (1952) Muuratsalo Test House (1952) Alvar Aalto Aalto studio (1955, 1963) House of Culture (1958) Aalto Centre, Seinäjoki (1960 - 1987) Cross of the expanse (1962) Enso-Gutzeit headquarters (1962) Main building of the University of Technology (1965, 1975) Alvar Aalto Museum (1973) Finlandia House (1975) Church of the Cross (1978) Abroad Villa Tammekann (1932) Maison Louis Carré (1961) Alvar-Aalto-Kulturhaus (1962) Pohjola House (1971) Aalborg Art Museum (1972) Essen Opera House (1988) Photo gallery Villa Mairea Säynätsalo Municipal Hall Auditorium Lakeuden cross Essen Opera House Finlandia House Alvar-Aalto-Kulturhaus Vyborg City Library Alvar Aalto's atelier Electrotalo Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Nikula, Riitta| title = Outline of Finnish Architecture | location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 2005| isbn = 951-1-20141-7}} Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) References Literature Göran Schildt's works Alvar Aalto Biography Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = White Table: Alvar Aalto's youth and basic artistic ideas| others = Translated by Mattila, Raija| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 1982| version = (part 1)}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Modernity: Alvar Aalto's acquaintance with functionalism| others = Translated by Mattila, Raija| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 1985| version = (2nd part)}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Human author: Alvar Aalto 1939 — 1976| others = Translated by Mattila, Raija| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 1990| version = (3rd part)}} Other works by Schildt Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Alvar Aalto: A life's work — architecture, design and art| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 1994| version = (translated from Swedish by Binham, Timothy) | language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.}


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Alvar Aalto sculptures| others = Translated by Kivivuori, Kristiina| publisher = Otava| year = 1967 Publication place=Helsinki}} Other literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Schildt, Göran (ed.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

) | title = Thus spoke Alvar Aalto| others = Translated by Mattila, Raija| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 1997}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Aalto, Alvar & Schildt, Göran (ed.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

) | title = Drafts| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 1972}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Porphyrios, Demetri| title = Sources of modern eclecticism: Studies on Alvar Aalto.| location = London| publisher = Academy editions| year = 1982| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kari Jormakka, Jacqueline Gargus, Douglas Graf; with a foreword by Jorma Mänty| title = The use and abuse of paper: Essays on Alvar Aalto/Kari Jormakka, Jacqueline Gargus, Douglas Graf| location = Tampere| publisher = Tampere University of Tampere Technology| year = 1999| id=ISSN 0359-7105; 20| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Griffiths, Gareth| title = The polemical Aalto: The Enso-Gutzeit Headquarters, Helsinki (1959-1962), by Alvar Aalto: a formal analysis| location = Tampere| publisher = Tampere University of Technology| year = 1997| id = ISSN 0359-7105; 19| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Reed, Peter (ed.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

) | title = Alvar Aalto: Between humanism and materialism/edited by Peter Reed; with essays by Kenneth Frampton.. et al.| location = New York| publisher = Museum of Modern Art| year = 1998}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Gullichsen, Kristian & Schildt, Göran & Pallasmaa, Juhani & Suominen-Kokkonen, Renja| title = Alvar Aalto: Villa Mairea| publisher = Alvar Aalto foundation, Mairea foundation| year = 1998| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto


Question: Where did Alvar Aalto die?

Alvar Aalto

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Suhonen, Pekka & af Schultén, Ben (folding and illustration) | title = Artek: Start, background, development| location = Helsinki| publisher = Artek| year = 1985}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kruskopf, Erik| title = Alvar Aalto visual artist| others = Translated by Vallisaari, Leena| location = Helsinki| publisher = Society of Finnish Literature | year = 2012}} On the topic elsewhere in the city of Seinäjoki, Yle Living Archive City of Jyväskylä * Category:In 1898 births Class:Those who died in 1976 Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Who was Hirohito?

Hirohito

Emperor Hirohito (, 29 April 1901, Tokyo — 7 January 1989, Tokyo) was the 124th Emperor of Japan, who ruled Japan from 1926 to 1989.


Question: Who was Hirohito?

Hirohito

[1] Hirohito's reign is the longest of the emperors who ruled Japan.


Question: Who was Hirohito?

Hirohito

Hirohito's reign is referred to as the Shōwa period, and the same Shōwa name () is also used when writing about Hirohito as emperor.


Question: Who was Hirohito?

Hirohito

In the Western world, however, he is known by his birth name.


Question: Who was Hirohito?

Hirohito

Early stages Hirohito was raised in accordance with the imperial tradition of that time separately from his family.


Question: Who was Hirohito?

Hirohito

The upbringing of young Hirohito and his brother Yasuhito (Prince Chichibu) was provided by Count Kawamura Sumiyoshi.


Question: Who was Hirohito?

Hirohito

At less than three weeks old, Hirohito was sent from court to Satsuma County to be part of Count Kawamura's family.


Question: Who was Hirohito?

Hirohito

Kawamura was a vice admiral already retired from regular service.


Question: Who was Hirohito?

Hirohito

By selecting Kawamura as Hirohito's teacher, the Emperor Door wanted to train the future emperor in the manner of modern rulers to be a soldier.


Question: Who was Hirohito?

Hirohito

Kawamura died at the age of 67 in 1904 as the Russo-Japanese War was at its fiercest, and three-year-old Hirohito returned with his brother back to court to be raised at Kōso Palace near Tokyo.


Question: Who was Hirohito?

Hirohito

Emperor Meiji entrusted responsibility for teaching Hirohito to the hero of the Russian war, General Nog, in 1908.


Question: Who was Hirohito?

Hirohito

Nogi's teaching model was based on strict military discipline, with Bushido, Zen, and Confucianism playing an important part.


Question: Who was Hirohito?

Hirohito

With the death of Hirohito's grandfather, Emperor Meiji in 1912, the future emperor's life changed greatly.


Question: Who was Hirohito?

Hirohito

Former Minister of Education and President of Tokyo Imperial University, Hamao Arata, was given responsibility for teaching Hirohito.


Question: Who was Hirohito?

Hirohito

Only slightly after Hirohito had begun in his new doctrine, Nogi performed the junshin, i.e., followed Emperor Meiji to death by committing suicide.


Question: Who was Hirohito?

Hirohito

Preparing for the Empire, Hirohito's reign began in practice as early as 1921, when he succeeded his mentally ill father Emperor Yoshihito as regent of Japan.


Question: Who was Hirohito?

Hirohito

At the beginning of Hirohito's reign, the power of soldiers in Japanese administration increased, and the strengthening of Japan against external enemies, begun by Japan as early as the Meiji period, gained further support in politics.


Question: Who was Hirohito?

Hirohito

Daisuke Namba attempted to assassinate Hirohito by firing at him in Tokyo on 27 December 1923.


Question: Who was Hirohito?

Hirohito

Namba was later executed by hanging.


Question: Who was Hirohito?

Hirohito

World War II Hirohito led Japan into World War II as his prime minister, Hideki Tōjō.


Question: Who was Hirohito?

Hirohito

[2] Japan allied itself in the war with Italy and Germany and thus joined the Axis powers.


Question: Who was Hirohito?

Hirohito

[3] [4] Japan fought in the Pacific and conquered the Indian archipelago.


Question: Who was Hirohito?

Hirohito

Japan became a Pacific nation, with the exception of territories held by the United States.


Question: Who was Hirohito?

Hirohito

Even Australia feared an invasion by the Imperial Japanese Army in 1941.


Question: Who was Hirohito?

Hirohito

However, Hirohito wanted to control the entire Pacific region, and since some of its territories were held by the United States, Japan in 1941 invaded the United States to show its strength and in this way to express itself itself as Lord of the Pacific.


Question: Who was Hirohito?

Hirohito

Hirohito and Tōjō probably thought the U.S. would retreat after the attack and withdraw their forces from the Pacific region.


Question: Who was Hirohito?

Hirohito

Japan carried out a devastating strike on the US naval base Pearl Harbor in December 1941.


Question: Who was Hirohito?

Hirohito

Several soldiers were killed and ships were sunk.


Question: Who was Hirohito?

Hirohito

The United States declared war on Japan, and Japan's ally Germany declared war on the United States.


Question: Who was Hirohito?

Hirohito

However, there was no tangible aid to Japan from Germany at the time.


Question: Who was Hirohito?

Hirohito

US forces fought a long war against the Japanese military in the Pacific.


Question: Who was Hirohito?

Hirohito

In August 1945, the United States dropped two atomic bombs on Japan, Hiroshima and Nagasaki.


Question: Who was Hirohito?

Hirohito

Several of Hirohito's generals, as well as also Prime Minister Tōjō, were executed after the war on charges of war crimes, but Hirohito was nevertheless spared.


Question: Who was Hirohito?

Hirohito

Of the leaders of the three original Axis powers, only Hirohito still remained in power after the war.


Question: Who was Hirohito?

Hirohito

[5] After World War II, Hirohito remained Emperor of Japan right up until his death, until 1989.


Question: Who was Hirohito?

Hirohito

After World War II, however, the Japanese people no longer regarded the emperor as a divine being as they used to, as Hirohito failed to prevent the dropping of atomic bombs on Nagasaki and Hiroshima.


Question: Who was Hirohito?

Hirohito

Upon Hirohito's death in 1989, his son Akihito became the new Emperor of Japan.


Question: Who was Hirohito?

Hirohito

Douglas MacArthur and Emperor Hirohito Ronald and Nancy Reagan and Emperor Hirohito (extreme right) in Tokyo on November 9, 1983 Hirohito Mausoleum Sources on the topic elsewhere Category:Japanese persons of World War II Category:Japanese Emperors of Japan Category:Regents Class:Births in 1901 Class:Those who died in 1989 Class:Key articles of screening


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

Andrei Igorevich Svetšnikov (; born March 26, 2000 in Barnaul, Russia) is a Russian ice hockey player who plays for NHL team Carolina Hurricanes organization.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

He was booked by the club as the second player of the entire NHL draft in the summer of 2018.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

Svetšnikov is a right winger in his playing position.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

[1] Game Style According to Lassi Alase, editor of the online magazine Overtime.com, Svetšnikov is often considered a pure goalscorer, but he nevertheless has a very wide collection of weapons in his arsenal.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

For a long time, Svetchnikov has also had strength accordingly.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

According to Alase, as Svetšnikov has developed his physique more over time, he will be a nightmare for opposing defenders in the NHL as well.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

Svetšnikov is already capable of dominating matches with his physical style of play, but above all with his huge skill set.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

According to Alase, Svetšnikov plays well professional-style hockey, working effectively both ways and playing puckless in a very mature way.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

[2] Career Seurura Svetšnikov was born in Barnaul, but he moved as a child with his family two times so that Andrei and his older brother Yevgeny would have better conditions to play hockey.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

The family moved first to Moscow and subsequently to Kazan, where Andrei's actual breeder club Ak Bars Kazan plays.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

At the conclusion of the 2014—15 season, he won the All-Russian U15 Series Championship.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

[1] In May 2016, Svetšnikov, as an unreserved player, signed a so-called tender contract with the Muskegon Lumberjacks playing in the USHL junior league.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

He moved to Muskegon, Michigan along with his mother, Elana.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

[3] The move was prompted by their living near Andrei's older brother Yevgen, who played for the farm team of the NHL team Detroit Red Wings, an AHL team in the Grand Rapids Griffins, near Muskegon.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

[4] In the 2016—17 season, Svetšnikov was the top point man and scorer for the Lumberjacks with powers of 29+29=58, with which he finished fifth in the overall USHL goal exchange and sixth in the points exchange.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

Svetšnikov also won the team's internal power statistic with a reading of +29.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

[5] However, he did not play in the USHL playoffs, as Svetšnikov's contract included the option to represent Russia in the under-18 World Cup competitions, which he seized.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

[6] Svetšnikov was awarded the season-ending USHL rookie of the year.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

He was also selected for the league's first constellation field and rookie constellation pitcher.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

[1] OHL team Barrie Colts booked Svetšnikov as the first player of the entire CHL reserve in the summer of 2017.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

He moved on to the team for the 2017—2018 season.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

[7] Svetšnikov was the Colts' top scorer and second best point man after Lucas Chiodo with powers of 40+32=72.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

He shared the entire OHL goal exchange with the eighth-place Kitchener Rangers' Adam Mascherini.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

Svetšnikov also won the points and goals exchange for rookies in the league.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

He was honored as the season-ending OHL's Rookie of the Year with the Emms Family Award and selected for the rookie constellation field.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

[1] Svetšnikov also played for the CHL Top Prospects Game during the season.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

[8] The Carolina Hurricanes booked Svetšnikov as the second player of the entire NHL draft in the summer of 2018.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

Before him, only Swedish defender Rasmus Dahlin was booked.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

[1] Only about a week later, Svetšnikov signed a three-year rookie contract with the Hurricanes.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

His seasonal salary in the NHL is $832,500 and $70,000 in the AHL.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

[9] [10] Svetšnikov, at the conclusion of fall training camp, took a spot in the opening lineup of the Hurricanes' 2018—2019 NHL season.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

He consequently made his NHL debut in the opening round of the regular season on October 4, 2018 in an away game against the New York Islanders.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

Svetšnikov was tagged on the right wing of the Hurricanes' chain of four alongside Lucas Wallmark and Jordan Martinook.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

He received 11.48 minutes of ice time in the match.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

[11] The opening goal of his NHL career was scored by Svetšnikov in his third game on October 7, 2018, against the away New York Rangers.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

His hit missed the deciding goal of the match that ended in the Hurricanes' 5—8 win.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

Svetšnikov also collected one assist after being second pitcher on a goal scored by Lucas Wallmark.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

He was selected as the number one star of the match.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

[12] National club Svetšnikov played in World Under-20 competitions in 2018, making him the best pitcher in Russia with his five assists.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

Svetšnikov also played in the European Under-18 World Championship competitions in 2016 and 2017, the latter tournament ending with bronze.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

[1] For the 2016 tournament, he secured a spot on the Russian team for two years as a 'minor', when the Russian Hockey Federation suspended his entire group that had participated in the World Cup camp with minimal votes before the Games, more than half of whom had been caught in doping tests for banned meldonium, according to sources disabling.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

To replace the body that represented the main age category of the Games, namely those born in 1998, the federation sent the Russian national under-17 team to the tournament, whose body consisted of those born in 1999.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

Three North American spinners born in 1998 who played for North America who were not included in the World Cup camp squad accused of a doping violation were also playing on the team.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

[13] Svetšnikov was the youngest player in the tournament and, along with Switzerland's Nico Gross, the only player born in 2000.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

He was selected at the conclusion of the starting block match against Sweden as the best player of the match against Russia.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

[14] At the 2017 World Cup Under-18 Championships, Svetchnikov was the best pitcher in Russia at 4+5=9 and shared an internal points exchange win with Ivan Chekhovich.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

Coaching selected him as one of the top three players of the tournament for his team.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

Svetšnikov was also selected at the conclusion of the starting group match against the Czech Republic as the best player of the match against Russia.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

[15] He also played in the Ivan Hlinka Memorial Tournament for under-18 in 2016, when Svetšnikov won bronze.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

With his four hits, he shared the win on Russia's internal goal exchange with Klim Kostin.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

[1] Svetšnikov also played in the World U-17 Hockey Challenge in 2015 and 2016, with the first tournament ending in silver and the latter with bronze.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

With powers of 5+3=8, he won the entire 2016 points exchange and shared the goal exchange win with teammate Aleksandr Hovanov.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

Svetšnikov was selected for the constellation field of the tournament.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

He also played in the under-19 World Junior A Challenge in 2016, when Svetšnikov won bronze.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

He won the entire tournament in points-and-goal exchanges with powers of 8+4=12.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

Svetšnikov was selected as the most valuable player of the tournament and a constellation player.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

[1] Svetšnikov also represented the Russian national under-16 national team at the Youth Winter Olympics played in Lillehammer, Norway in 2016, when he won bronze.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

Svetšnikov won the overall tournament goal exchange with powers of 6+4=10, as well as sharing the points exchange victory with teammate Aleksandr Hovanov and Jake Wise of the United States.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

He also won the tournament ice exchange with his 29 minutes.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

[1] Change Svetšnikov's older brother Yevgeny plays for NHL team Detroit Red Wings organization and is the club's first-round draft pick from 2015.


Question: What is the breederssociety of Andrei Svetšnikov?

Andrey Svetchnikov

[1] Statistics 2015—2016Ak Bars KazanRussia U18753828——————U18520202016—2017Muskegon LumberJacksushl4829295868————— U187459102017—2018Barrie Coltsohl44403272678561112Jmm505521 SeasonTotal Ohl44403272678561112Jmm505521 SeasonalOHL44403272678561112Jmm505521 SeasonalOHL44403272678561161112 Sources at at References Category:Russian ice hockey players Category:Carolina Hurricanes players Category:Players reserved by Carolina Hurricanes Class:Born in 2000 Class:Living persons


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The Khanate of the Casars (650—969) was an early medieval state founded by the nomadic people of the Kasars.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The Khanate of Casaars came into existence by separation from the West Turkish Khanate.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

At its greatest extent, the Khanate of Kasars controlled the Caucasus, the lower and middle reaches of the Volga River, the northwestern parts of present-day Kazakhstan, the shores of the Sea of Azov, the eastern parts of Crimea, and the steppe and forest steppe regions of Eastern Europe up to the Dnieper River.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The center of the Khanate was initially located in the coastal region of present-day Dagestan, later on the lower reaches of the Volga.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Some of the ruling elite converted to the Jewish faith.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Some of the East Slavic tribes were allies of the Cassaars and paid taxes to the cassaars.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The Khanate of Kasars was destroyed as a result of the wars with Kievan Russia in the late 9th century.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

History Early History: 5th Century Originally the Cassaars were one of numerous nomadic tribes that migrated from Asia to Europe in the melches of the Great International Migration.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

They spoke one of the many Early Turkic languages [1] They were apparently one of the groups of ogurs who first appeared in Europe in 463. [2].


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The first reliable mention of the cassaars is Zacharias Scholasticus' list of peoples from 555. [3].


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Bersilia is mentioned as their first European territory, which is localized in the plateau region of present-day Dagestan [4].


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

In the early part of the 5th century, the cassacks were under an alliance of clayers.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Together they conducted successful war expeditions to the Caucasus region.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Persia of the Sassanid ruler family that ruled the region could barely prevent them.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

During the time of Shaahi Khosrau I (531—579), the Persians built the famous Derbent Wall, which closed a narrow passage route between the Caspian Sea and the Caucasus Mountains, but even that did not prevent attacks by nomadic tribes.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

According to legend, Khosrau I built two cities in Dagestan: Belendzer and Semender, which later became casar towns.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Both towns were originally towns of tribes of the same name.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The Semender have also been associated with the tribe of the Zabenders, who were kindred tribes of the Avaars.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

They moved after earthen moorings and crossed the Caucasus in the 550s.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

In 562, Persia eradicated almost all of the clayey, and those who remained moved, together with the cassacks, to the north of the Caucasus.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Some of the claymen remained in Dagestan, where they became known as the Huns of the North Caucasus.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The rise of the cassaars was thanks to the Turkic Khanate, as the cassar rulers were apparently their relatives (the House of Ašin), who in 551 established a vast kingdom which quite quickly split into Eastern and Western Empire.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

By the end of the 5th century, the Western Turkish Khanate had already reached the isthmus between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

All the local peoples were subservient under their dominion.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Conquests of the Caucasian and Black Sea coasts in the 6th century The military forces of the Kasars are first mentioned in the Persian-Byzantine War of 602—628, in which Dzebukagan, the head of the cassairs, was the main leader in the Turkish-Byzantine alliance fighting Persia.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

In 627, Caucasian Albania was destroyed by the military forces of the Barsairs and together with the Byzantines conquered Tbilisi by storming.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

From 630 onwards, internal disputes within the kingdom dissolved the West Turkish Khanate.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

As a result, two new kingdoms emerged on its periphery in the steppes of Eastern Europe: Greater Bolgaria north of the Black Sea, founded by Khan Kubrat in 632, as well as Casaar in the Caspian region.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

In the early stages, the cassaars were almost nowhere to be seen, because the Bolgarian state became so mighty.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

It was short lived, though, because after the death of Khan Kubrat, his sons divided the kingdom between them.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The Cassaars took advantage of the Bolgar dispersal and so in the 660s much of the Bolgars moved under Khan Asparuh to the territory of present-day Bulgaria south of the Danube.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The remaining Bolgars were subservient to the rule of the Cassairs. [5].


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

After these events, the leader of Casaar became the supreme leader of the nomadic peoples and took the title Khan.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

By the end of the 6th century, the Cassaars controlled most of the Crimean steppe region, the shores of the Sea of Azov, as well as the regions of the North Caucasus.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

It is not known how far into the steppe regions east of the Volga their power extended.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

No written records of that area and time have remained.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

However, the migration of nomadic peoples from Asia to Europe contributed significantly to the development of East Slavic tribes and peoples in Eastern and Central Europe.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

In those days, Kasaarian interest had been primarily focused on the Caucasian regions, as they were prosperous agricultural societies and had considerable wealth.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Two routes were accessed to those areas: via Derbent to Caucasian Albania, Armenia and on to Persia, and through the less frequently transported Darjali Pass, which was located in Alanian territory and thereby reached Georgia.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The influence of the Cassaars in this area was so great that some of the Eastern Caspian languages knew the sea as the Sea of Casaars [6].


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The expansion of the Khanate of the Casaars came to a halt when the Sassanid Persia was weakened by its wars with Byzantium, so much so that Arabs from the south conquered it and established the Arab Caliphate.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Its armies occupied Armenia, Georgia and Caucasian Albania in 653, after which they also reached the north of Derbent and attacked the town of Balanjar of the Kasars.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The battle ended in the defeat of the Arab troops, in which their leader Salman ibn Rabiah was also killed [7].


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

There were internal power struggles within the Arab Caliphate, causing it to lose control of those territories.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The cassaars collected taxes in Caucasian Albania and conducted several war expeditions, the largest of which was in 685.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The Albanian rulers of Armenia, Georgia and Caucasian Albania died in the fighting.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

[8] One Arab emir whose forces were defeated at Mosul was also killed in the fighting. [9].


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

During the wars against the Arabs in the 7th century Arab Caliphate, power was taken by the Umaijad dynasty, which began to reconquer different territories in different directions: the Western Goths in the west, the Turks in the east, and the Cassaars in the north.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

At this time, the Arabs conquered the Caucasian region and at the beginning of the 7th century the constant Arab-Casar Wars began.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

After the turn, they beat runner-up.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Occasionally, one side conducted very long war expeditions to their enemy's lands.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The Cassaars warred together with Byzantium, which fought against the Arabs in Asia Minor as well.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

When the Arabs attacked Byzantium in 717—718 and besieged Constantinople in 717, so the Casars aided the Byzantines by tying up part of the Arab military forces against them in the war expedition they carried out against Caucasian Albania and Azerbaijan.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

At the end of 730, the Cassaars conducted their greatest war expedition ever against the Arabs.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

At its head was Khan's son Bardzil.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

They attacked the Persian city of Ardabīl.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The Cassaars struck down an Arab army of 25.000 soldiers, in which one of the Caliphate's highest-ranking warlords, Dzarrah ibn Abdullah al-Hakami, was also killed.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Some of the military forces in the Casaars were able to advance as far as Mosul. [10].


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

But already in early 731, fresh Arab military forces under commander Said ibn Amr al-Haras (later Maslam) drove the casars from the territories they had conquered.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Thereafter, the fighting shifted to the territory of the Khanate of Kasars.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The war continued until 732/733, when the Khan of the Cossacks was wounded in battles at the nearby Darvag fortress of Derbent.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The Arabs gained control of these important fortifications.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

In 737, the warlord Marwan II (the future caliph) unexpectedly attacked with 150.000 soldiers into Kasaar via Derbent and Darjali.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The military forces recaptured Semender, the capital of the Cassaars, and made it as far as Al-Baida, where a tent camp of the Khan of the Kasars was located.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The Khan fled from there to the farthest parts of his kingdom.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The Arabs advanced after them farther north than ever to the “Slavic River”, which was apparently the Don or Volga [11].


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The army of the Cassaars had been beaten and the Khan wanted to make peace with the Arabs.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

In order to retain his crown he agreed to convert to Islam, but this was apparently only nominal consent from him. [12].


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The Casars retained their independence and the Arabs left the North Caucasus.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Soon after this, divisions flared up again in the Arab Caliphate.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Power was taken by the Abbasid dynasty, which did not want to expand northwards.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

In this way, the Khanate of Kasars halted the Arab advance into Europe, as well as aiding in the survival of the Byzantine Empire.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

In the late 7th century, after 20 years of peace, the Cassaars conducted two more war expeditions to the Caucasus: in 762—764 and 799.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

In the 780s they helped the Kingdom of Abkhazia and Emperor Leon II gain independence from Byzantium [13].


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

After these events, the Cassaars no longer interfered in Caucasus affairs.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Living under the constant threat of the Arabs on the southern borders of the Casaar forced the Kasars to move to the interior parts of their kingdom along the Don, where Alans tribes were already inhabited, as well as along the Volga.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

In the lower reaches of the Volga, Itil, the new capital of the Cassaars, was established, which in a short time became a considerable market town.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Dagestan and the old capital, Semender, were left as the southern outlying region of the Khanate of Casaars.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

As a result of these events, bolgars and clay trees also appeared on the Middle Volga and along the Kama River, where 8th-century Volga Bolgaria arose.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The move of the capital further north also apparently meant closer interaction with the East Slavs, whom they were scrambling to tax.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

(there is no further details on this).


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Relations with the Byzantine Empire in the 8th century The alliance of the Two Empires was confirmed in 732 when Constantine V), the future emperor of Byzantium, took as his wife Khan of Bihar's daughter, Princess Tzitzak, who was rechristened Irina.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

In 787, the Cassaars raised a rebellion among the Crimean Goths and put in prison the local bishop, John of the Goths. [14].


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The Cassaars ruled Crimea until the mid-8th century and in the Taman region as well as the Kerts Strait until the dissolution of the Khanate.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The conversion to the Jewish faith, as well as the rise of the Bulanid dynasty from the 740s to the beginning of the 8th century, things most important to the history of the Kasar Khanate were the large Jewish community that lived there, who were also inhabited by the Casars' home territories in Dagestan.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Around the year 740, one of the warlords of the cassairs, Bulan converted to the Jewish faith [15].


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Apparently, converting to Judaism strengthened his clan's position as the position of the leading Pagan dynasty deteriorated with the decline of the spoils of war and the end of the traditional policy of conquest.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

In the early 8th century, Emperor Obadia, a descendant of Bulan, became the second most important person after the Khan, actually centralizing power for himself.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

It began dual rule in Kasaar, [16], where nominally the country was ruled by the old ruler line of the Khan and the real power lay with the Bulanid emperor family.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Apparently, such an administration came about as a compromise after mutual disagreements.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Some of the cassaars, known as the Cavaars, rose in revolt against the ruling dynasty and, after the failure of the revolt, switched to the Hungarians' side.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Obadia's son Ezekiah and grandson Manasseiah had time to rule for a very short period, allowing them to hand over the crown to Obadia's brother Hanukkah, whose descendants ruled over Casaar until its destruction [17].


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The Khanate of the Kasars in the 8th century After the above events, the Kasaaria did not continue their policy of conquest any longer, but instead they focused on the transit of international trade.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

On the other hand, their foreign policy situation was not very good because a new trek began in the 8th century.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

New nomadic peoples from the east crossed the Volga.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The first nation to cross the Volga were the Hungarians.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

In the 830s, the Hungarians conquered the northern parts of the Black Sea.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Unclear is what happened, but the Hungarians recognized the supremacy of the Kasars.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Lebedia, the leader of the Hungarians, was forced by the Khan of the Casars to marry the noblemaid of the cassairs.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Afterwards, the Hungarians took part in war expeditions organised by the Kasars.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

In 889, the Hungarians (as well as 3 ethnic groups of the Kasars, the Cavaars) were forced to migrate to Pannonia when the Petsenegs were pressured forward by the Oguzi and, in turn, by the Kipchaks.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The Cassaars lost the steppes north of the Black Sea in that connection.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

It is known that the kings of the Casaars made war expeditions against the Petsenegs and Oguzes.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

[18] The end of the 8th century is known for the end of the time of peace and stability of the Casaars on the steppes.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

A new adversary emerged for the Kasars with the rise of Kievan Russia.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

More detailed information has been left in the twilight of history about the so-called Rus Khanate, first mentioned in 839.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The princes of Kiev apparently also used the title of Khan, which in the 8th century meant that they were equal to the rulers of the Cassaars.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The appearance of Varjagi warrior troops from Scandinavia in Eastern Europe in the 8th century began to reduce the domination of the Kasars over Slavic tribes.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

With their help, the Cossaars got rid of the Polyans in (864), the Severjaans (884) and the Radimiches (885) [19].


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

To meet the challenges of the new enemy, the Cassaars requested help from their ally Byzantium in building a chain of fortifications along the northwestern frontier of their empire.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Around the year 834, the Khan and the Bek turned to the Byzantine emperor Theophilos for Byzantium assistance in the construction of the Sarkel fortress [20].


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The fortress is located on the left bank of the Don.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

It became the main base of the Cassacks in that area.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

In addition to Sarkel, according to archaeological finds, other fortifications of the same type were built along the Don [21].


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The 850s were the last battles between the Cassaars and the Arabs.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

A rebellion had broken out in the Caucasian underlands of the Caliphate, which was sent to suppress the Arab warlord Buga al-Kabir, himself originally a cassar.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The Cassaars received a request for assistance from mountain sanarians who lived in Kakheti. [22].


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Buga conducted a war expedition against the Alans and the Cassaars and received spoils of war from them, but was then called out of Georgia because the Caliph feared he would join his people's armies [23].


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Thereafter, relations between Casaar and Byzantium warmed up again.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

In 861, a Byzantine delegation arrived in Casaar, headed by Constantine the Philosopher [24].


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

From the late 8th century to the beginning of the 9th century, the Khanate of Cassaars was greatly weakened, but was still a considerable kingdom due to its well-trained army and skilful diplomacy.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The rulers skillfully created between three grandees: Byzantine, Kievan Rus and nomadic peoples.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

At the end of the 8th century, an alliance was assembled against the Casaar under Byzantium as his assistants: the Petsenegs, the Black Bulgars, and a few nomadic tribes.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

They were beaten in battles by the Cassaars along with the Alans. [25].


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Under the succeeding emperor Aaron, Byzantium managed to break the Casars-Alans alliance.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Thereafter, the Cassaars fought the Alans with the help of another nomadic leader.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The Alans Emperor was honourably imprisoned.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

He gave his daughter as a wife to Joseph, the son of the Emperor of the Casaars.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The destruction of the Khanate of the Cassaars in the 9th century Rusien threatens the Cassaars seek to counter by guiding them for a time on raiding expeditions to the Caucasus.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

In 913 or 914, the Cassaars let a fleet of Rosies on a raiding expedition to the Caspian Sea.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

When the Rus army returned from there, they were attacked by the cassairs and struck them. [26].


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

In 939, one of the Rus warlords, Helg, or perhaps Prince Oleg the Wise, attacked, on Byzantine orders, the town of Samkerts of the Cassaars in the Crimea, on the Taman Peninsula.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

[27] The Rus were struck by the army of the Cassaars under the command of the warlord Pesakh, after which the Cassaars plundered Byzantine cities in the Crimea. [28].


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The Cassaars then forced the Russ to turn their arms against Byzantium in the Rusien—Byzantine War of 941—944.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The Russ also conducted a war expedition against Berda of the Caucasus in 943 or 944.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Not only did they plunder there, but at one time the Rus tried to conquer those territories, but failed to do so. [29].


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

For the Kasars, the situation on their southern border took a turn for the worse when independent emirates appeared instead of the Arab Caliphate.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

By the early 9th century, the southern part of the Caspian Sea was already under the control of the unified Saman


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The new state became an active spreader of Islam.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

They were converted to the faith of Islam in Central Asia by the Oguzi and Karluks and then the Volga Bolgarians.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The casar was thereafter surrounded by Islamic lands in the south and east, causing concern even among the large Muslim population of the Bek court.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

In 901, 909 and 916, the Cassaars organised several war expeditions with their Dagestani allies against Derbent. [30].


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Relations with the Muslim world remained amicable right up until the dissolution of the Khanate as well as thereafter while serving as a vassal of the Samanids [31].


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

In Nagorno-Dagestan, the state of Sarir became stronger.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Its inhabitants were Christians.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Their ruler was named “Khan of the Mountains” by the Arabs.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The Saririans also organized war expeditions against Kasaar. [32].


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Under the rule of the Kasars tried to get rid of the ever-growing Volga Bolgaria as well.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Its ruler converted to Islam with the hope of getting help from those of the same faith.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

In 922, the legation of the Caliph of Baghdad arrived with Ibn Fadlan, who told of his experiences along the Volga. [33].


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Before the destruction of the Khanate of Kasaar, the Kasars managed to reach contacts with the Caliphate of Cordoba.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Hasdai ibn Šaprut, the minister of Cordoba, and Joseph, the emperor of the Cassaars, engaged in correspondence.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

From letters written by Joseph from around 961 it is apparent that he did not think the situation was worrying, but was still in his opinion still in his ruler's territory stretching from Horezma to Don (from the Caspian Sea to the Don).


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

A decisive role in the destruction of the Khanate of Kasaar was played by the rise of Kievan Russia.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

In 964, Grand Duke Svyatoslav managed to unleash even the last Slavic tribe, the Vyatits, from under the rule of the Kasars.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

In the following year 965, he struck down the army of the Cassairs under the command of the Khan and conquered Sarkel, which was named Belaja Veža (=White Rook) by the Russians.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Apparently, the Rusis managed to conquer also (Tmutarakan).


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

In the same year 965 or according to other sources, 968/969, the Rusis together with the Oguzi conquered Itil and Semender. [34].


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The surrender of these cities is counted as the end of the independent Khanate of Kasars.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The Rus apparently stayed for a while in the lower reaches of the Volga.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The inhabitants of Itil and the court fled to the Caspian Islands and Mangyslak.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

After the Rusie left there in the 980s, the ruler of the Cassaars received help from Horezma and returned to his capital Itil.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

As a thank you for their help most of the Cassaars converted to Islam and later after new assistance the Emperor of the Cassaars also converted to Islam [35].


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

In 985, Grand Duke Vladimir the Great conducted a new war expedition to Kasaar and imposed taxes on them. [36].


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

In 986, Nestor's chronicle mentions an embassy of Kasar Jews as having come to Vladimir to convert him to Judaism [37].


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Last Mentions 10th—13th centuries The later history of Casaar is less well known and is mentioned fragmentarily in connection with other kingdoms.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

According to some sources, Itil would have been already in ruins in the 10th century. [38].


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The Volga Kasar was definitively destroyed apparently in the mid-10th century as a result of an invasion by the Kipchak nomadic people.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

In the 12th century, Saxony emerged in the lower reaches of the Volga in the lower reaches of the Volga, whose inhabitants were also mentioned, but the majority of the population were Oguzi. [39].


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

There is almost nothing mentioned in the history of Dagestan about the cassaars.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

In 1064, 3000 casar families migrated to the south of the Caucasus. [40].


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The Don casars in Sarkel and the Black Sea came under the control of the Russian Principality of Tmutarakan, which existed until the mid-12th century.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The military forces of the Cassaars accompanied Mstislav Černigovite during his fight at Listvene against his brother Yaroslav in 1024.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

For the last time in Ancient Russian chronicles, the casars are mentioned in 1079 and 1083 when they captured Prince Oleg of Černigov and gave him to Byzantium.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Something fragmentary in the data is the migration of casar Jews to Central Europe, where they assimilated with local Ashkenasi Jews.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The version often idolised in popular literature is their legacy to European Jews, which has not been proven.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

With the destruction of the Khanate of the Casaars, the steppes of the Black Sea and Caspian Sea fell into the possession of various nomadic peoples.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Control of the Volga arm passed to Bolgaria of the Volga and the North Caucasus again to Alania.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

These territories were not reunited until under the Golden Orda.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

State Structure Originally Kasaars was a typical nomadic community.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Political traditions and titles they received from the Turkish Khanate.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

At the head of the kingdom was a Khan.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Nominally, he had all the military and administrative power, but did not have the means to carry them out.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The status of the Khans depended largely on their ability to acquire the spoils of war and their ability to properly distribute it among the nobles [41].


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Another important factor was the legitimacy of their power.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Khan's rule was considered to have come from heaven.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The Khan was the supreme person in the pagan cult who presided over their worship and possessed supernatural powers in the eyes of the citizens.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Only a member of the royal family was allowed to become Khan.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The system of succession of power was apparently inherited from the Turks, where power passed from the older brother to the younger. [42].


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Some sources assume that the casars were led by the Turkic genus Ašin [43].


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

By the middle of the 8th century, the lineage of khans had grown so large that one of the family members was a bazaar merchant. [44].


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Belief in the divine abilities of the ruler was so great that even in the face of misfortune, the kingdom was blamed on the ruler.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

His life was highly regulated and full of various prohibitions.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

At the takeover ceremony he was strangled with a silk belt and in a semi-conscious state he had to say how many years he was going to rule.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

After that reign, he was killed.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

If he told too long a reign, then in any case he was killed at the age of 40, because it was believed that at that age no later than the divine power would abandon him. [45].


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Before the Jewish period, the dynasty of the Khans very tightly controlled the army and was therefore able to avoid religious offerings as well.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The situation changed after another cassar clan converting to Judaism gained real power for themselves.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Their leader took the name “bek” for himself.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

In the Yiddish language, he was referred to by the title meleh, meaning emperor.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

The Arabs referred to him as malik meaning ruler or caliph (direct translation was deputy). [46].


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Apparently during the new Jewish dynasty power was strictly passed only from father to son. [47].


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

Under the new system, the khan was given more religious duties and secular affairs were handled by the bek.


Question: What is the distance between the Caspian Sea and the Black Sea?

Khanate of Casaars

In it, the bek supplied various ritual actions to the Khan, which, however, were not allowed to be degrading in value.