Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

[2] In 1861, the Confederate States seceded from the United States, and civil war broke out between the new countries, the Confederacy of the South and the Union in the North.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Shortly after the Civil War broke out, Garfield joined the Union Army and helped assemble the 42nd Ohio Volunteer Infantry Regiment.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

In the regiment, he was initially made lieutenant-colonel and already within a few weeks colonel.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Although Garfield had not previously served in the military, he was a good leader.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

The brigade led by Garfield drove in November 1861 Confederate forces from southern Kentucky.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

In addition to the battles in Kentucky, Garfield served in the battles of Shiloh and Chickamauga, among others, and the Siege of Corinth.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

[1] By September 1863, Garfieldid had already been promoted to major general, making him the youngest major general in the entire Union Army.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Garfield also served as chief of staff to Major General William S. Rosecrans, commander of the Army of the Cumberland.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

[2] Towards the end of 1863, Garfield had an extramarital affair with Lucia Calhoune, who lived in New York City.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Garfield later admitted his ouster to his wife and was forgiven to her.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

[4] In the United States Congress, Garfield was elected in 1862 as Ohio's representative to the United States House of Representatives.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Garfield, due to the war, could not campaign at all for his election, but he won the election despite this.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Garfield was reluctant to leave the Army in the middle of the war effort, but decided to accept his post at the request of President Abraham Lincoln in late 1863.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

[1] [2] Garfield served continuously in the United States Congress until 1881.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

In his first congressional term, Garfield was one of the most radical Republican politicians in Congress, but over time, his most stark ideas subsided.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Garfield also knew at a later stage to balance his party between the old Stalwart and the Progressivist Half-Breed wings.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

[1] Garfield also often agreed to various compromise solutions.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

The attitude towards Garfield's conciliation was ambivalent: some thought acceptance of compromises was a sign of opportunism, others thought pragmatic towards politics.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

In the Reconstruction era that followed the Civil War, Garfield advocated an idea of favourable attitudes towards the former Confederates.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

[2] In Congress, Garfield specialized in handling financial affairs.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

In monetary policy, Garfield advocated (contrary to public opinion in his own constituency) tying the dollar to the precious metal stock.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

In addition, he opposed increasing the money supply by green-backed dollars printed during the Civil War because they were fiat money meaning they were not tied to any stock of precious metals.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

The world of thought was particularly in the minds of Republicans who belonged to the “goldflies” () of the East Coast.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Goldflies tended to be bankers and wholesalers who had lent dollars tied to the precious metal stock to other people.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Since the actual purchasing power of green-backed dollars was less than their face value, repayment of the debt, in green-backed dollars, would have caused them financial losses.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

In economic policy in general, Garfield opposed increased regulation of railroads and subsidizing farms with public funds, which he likened to communism.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Garfield also opposed unions and advocated using federal troops to violate industrial action.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Regarding customs duties, Garfield, on the other hand, had no strong opinions; his opinions varied according to different commodities.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

[2] In the early 1870s, Garfield became involved in a kickback scandal involving the Crédit Mobilier of America.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Crédit Mobilier of America was a construction company that performed construction work for the Union Pacific Railroad, which received government subsidies.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Garfield and several other congressmen were partners in Crédit Mobilier of America, raising suspicions that the congressmen who had been partners had used their position in Congress to undermine regulatory oversight of the firm.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Garfield never received a conviction related to the kickback scandal, but he came close to losing the 1874 congressional election because of it.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

[1] [2] In the presidential election of 1876, Garfield supported the Republican candidate Rutherford B. Hayes.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

After an inconclusive vote, Garfield was appointed to a congressional commission that was to decide whether the winner of the muddled presidential election would be Republican Rutherford B. Hayes or Democrat Samuel J. Tilden.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Garfield voted for Hayes, who was eventually declared the winner of the election.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

[1] [2] In 1880, Garfield was elected to the United States Senate.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

However, he did not accept the post because he was unexpectedly nominated by the Republican Party as the party's presidential nominee.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

[1] Rise to President Sitting President Rutherford B. Hayes had promised not to seek another term again, and he kept his promise.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

At the Republican National Party Convention in June 1880, Republicans were unwilling to reach an agreement on the party's presidential nominee.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

In the first rounds of voting, the most votes were collected by former President Ulysses S. Grant, who was part of the stalwarts, followed by the halfbreedian Senator James G. Blaine and the compromise candidate between the two, Treasury Secretary John Sherman.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Garfield was present at the party convention as an Ohio delegate and endorsed Sherman.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

However, none of the candidates received the majority required for selection, causing the selection opportunity to be mired in stalemate.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

[4] In the 34th round of voting, Wisconsin delegates unexpectedly decided to start supporting Garfield, giving him 16 votes, even though Garfield had received only one or two votes per round in earlier rounds and he was nowhere near the top three.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

In the next round, more supporters came behind Garfield and he already received 50 votes.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Subsequently, backers of Blaine and Sherman decided to jointly position themselves behind Garfield to prevent Grant from winning the primary.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

In the 36th round, Garfield received 399 votes against Grant's 306 votes, thus winning the primary as a black horse.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

[5] The 1880 party convention is still the party convention that required the most rounds in the Republican Party (for comparison's sake, the last time Republicans needed more than one round to elect a candidate in the 1948 presidential election).


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

[1] Later, Chester A. Arthur, a stalwart-backed former customs officer, was selected as Garfield's vice presidential candidate.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Arthur was selected as the Republican vice presidential nominee without Garfield's knowledge.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

However, Garfield reluctantly accepted his choice as his vice president, as he knew he would need the support of party stalwarts in the election.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

[5] In the election, Garfield fielded to oppose Democratic General Winfield Scott Hancock, who was known in the United States as a great war hero.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Garfield and Hancock were fairly unanimous on the main policy issues.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

One of the few major differences of opinion was found on customs policy: Garfield had already taken a strong stand in Congress on US customs policy, while Hancock viewed the whole customs policy as a mere “local issue” [2].


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

In addition to the actual factual issues, Democrats tried to draw voter attention to the Crédit Mobilier of America scandal, which Garfield had been linked to.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Garfield, on the other hand, was spreading a story about himself in the run-up to riches.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

[4] However, at the time of the election campaign, Garfield decided to keep a fairly low profile, following the advice of Rutherford B. Hayes.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

[5] In addition to the cross-party backlash, Garfield had to win the election to also gain the support of his own bipartisan party.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Republicans generally viewed Garfield as more of a supporter of half-breeds than stalwarts, which is why Garfield had to attract stalwarts to his side as well.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

To accomplish this, Garfield met in August 1880 with leaders of the Republican Party in New York and promised that he would come as president to appoint supporters from all wings of the party to his own immediate circle.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Although Garfield's promises were very vague, the meeting began to be referred to as the “Fifth Avenue Agreement.”


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

[5] The referendum between Garfield and Hancock was one of the strictest in U.S. history.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Garfield received only 7368 more votes in the popular vote than Hancock, which meant a difference of less than 0.1%.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

If votes from minor party candidates are taken into account, Garfield received only 48.3% of the total vote.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

However, due to the electorate system in place in the United States, Garfield won the electorate election by a vote of 214 to 155.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

[4] The core areas of Garfield's endorsement were the northern states of the United States as well as the Midwest, Hancock's southern states.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

New York State proved to be a scales language state in the election: Garfield won the state's 35 electors by a margin of less than two percent, [6] and Hancock would have won the election had he won New York over.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

[5] As president, Garfield was sworn in on March 4, 1881.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

In his inaugural address, he emphasized issues such as improving the social status of African-Americans.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Garfield spent the vast majority of his short term as president appointing his cabinet and other senior officials.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Although Garfield sought to appoint supporters of both stalwart and half-breed to high positions, half-breeds received distinctly higher appointments than stalwarts: Half-Breeds director James Gillespie Blaine was appointed Secretary of State [1] and Collector of Customs for the Port of New York William H. Robertson, who had been part of the half-breeds, was chosen, prompting Roscoe Conkling, who was part of the stalwart's leading figures, into a frenzy.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

[4] Other notable appointments included the appointment of William Windom as Secretary of the Treasury, the appointment of Abraham Lincoln's son Robert T. Lincoln, principally because of this pedigree, as Secretary of War, and the appointment of Wayne MacVeagh, known as Grant's opponent, as Attorney General.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

[7] In March 1881, Garfield undertook an investigation into the so-called Star Route scandal, [4] which Congress had begun investigating even before Garfield's presidency.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

The scandal related to mail routes in the sparsely populated western and southern parts of the United States outsourced by the Postal Service to private companies.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Some companies that operated the private mail routes had first offered to operate these mail routes at a non-existent rate, but soon after the contract was signed, they had negotiated for themselves in the United States Congress a substantially greater compensation for operating the routes.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

After the scandal was exposed, Garfield forced Thomas Brady, the second deputy head of the Post Office, to resign and later several other figures in senior political posts were also linked to the scandal, many of whom belonged to Garfield's own party.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Most individuals wracked up in the scandal were removed from their posts or taken to court only after Garfield's death.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

[7] [8] On the morning of 2 July 1881, Garfield was shot by Charles J. Guiteau, a bigot who supported the Murder Stalwarts, shot Garfield twice at point-blank range with a British Bulldog revolver.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Guiteau, who suffered from mental health problems, had been angered with Garfield because he had not been appointed to a consular post in Europe.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

[9] Guiteau surrendered to the police without resistance and declared that he was among the stalwarts.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Garfield was seriously injured, and spent the last three of his life months lying in the White House.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

[4] Doctors, despite several attempts, were unable to locate the bullet in Garfield's back, causing him to eventually die on 19 September 1881 from infection and internal bleeding.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

He is buried at Lake View Cemetary Cemetery in Cleveland.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

[3] [1] A tomb monument 50 metres high was later erected on Garfield's grave.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

[4] Shortly after Garfield's death, Vice President Chester A. Arthur took his oath of office and rose to become president.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Charles J. Guiteau, who murdered Garfield, was sentenced in 1882 to death and was hanged on June 30, 1882.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

[1] [9] Private life James and Lucretia Rudolph Garfield were married on November 11, 1858 in Hiram, Ohio.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

The couple had a total of seven children: Eliza Arabella (1860—1863), Harry Augustus (1863—1942), James Rudolph (1865—1950), Mary (1867—1947), Irvin McDowell (1870—1951), Abram (1872—1958), and Edward (1874—1876).


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Five of the children survived to adulthood [3] and two later ended up joining politics in their father's footsteps.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

[3] Harry Augustus worked as a professor of policy studies at Princeton University and director of President Woodrow Wilson's agency that handled fuel regulation at the time of World War I.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

James Rudolph again served as President Theodore Roosevelt's Secretary of the Interior.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

[10] James Garfield, even as an adult, was on very close terms with his mother Eliza.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Eliza died only seven years after her son.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

She was the first mother of a U.S. president to be allowed to attend her son's inauguration, and she stayed for the duration of her son's presidency at the White House.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

[10] Subsequent estimates of Garfield's presidency were so short that his mark in U.S. political history fell very small.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Had Garfield not died in the middle of his tenure, he would have had to react to the Great Economic Depression that began in 1881.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Justus Doenecke, a history professor at the New College of Florida, has suspected that Garfield's strong opinions in favor of a precious metal-strapped currency and laissezfairean economic policies would have been ill-suited to dealing with the Depression.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

According to Doenecke, Garfield might have contributed to the implementation of civil rights, but with the withdrawal of federal troops from the old Southern states, his opportunities to make a difference in favor of civil rights realization would have been limited.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

[11] On lists that evaluate presidents' performance, Garfield tends to be at most average.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

In a 1995 poll of history and political studies professors at Siena College, for example, Garfield was ranked 27/41 [12].


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

In the 2000 and 2009 C-SPAN television channel's poll to historians and those studying the US presidency as a profession, Garfield was ranked 29/41 and 28/42 [13].


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Sources CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) “Garfield, James A.”


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Encyclopædia Britannica.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Encyclopædia Britannica Ultimate Reference Suite.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, 2015.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) References On the subject elsewhere White House Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: When was James A. Garfield born?

James Garfield

Category:Members of the United States House of Representatives Class:Presidents of the United States Class:American Republican politicians Category:United States homicide victims Class:People born in 1831 Class:Persons who died in 1881 Class:99.3 Social representatives


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

MIG/MAG welding (engl.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

metal inert gas/metal active gas welding) is a gas arc welding method whereby an electric arc is lit between an additive wire and a welded body surrounded by a shielding gas.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

When welded, the arc melts the base material and additive into a uniform weld melt, which, when solidified, establishes a solid connection between the two pieces.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

The additive wire is a thin metal wire, the composition of which is usually almost the same as that of the base material.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

The additive is invariably machine-fed.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Wire thickness typically varies between 0.6 mm and 1.6 mm.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

The material strengths of welded pieces usually exceed a millimeter.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

The wire supply rate, as well as the welding voltage, is adjusted according to the pieces to be welded.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Advantages of MIG/MAG welding include speed and weld cleanliness.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Also, no slag layer is formed on top of the weld (when using certain types of filler wires, a slag layer is formed on top of the weld).


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Control of penetration and weld shape is more difficult in MIG/MAG welding than in TIG welding.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Despite the ease of execution, the correct adjustment of the welding equipment can produce difficulties.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Also, an inconspicuous change in the length of the free wire strongly affects the melting power applied to the base material, which makes it easy to miss any defects in the weld.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

History MiG welding was originally developed as a special method for welding aluminum.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Welding equipment MIG/MAG welding equipment consists of power supply, wire feeder, welding torch and multi-function cable, both ground cable and clamp and protective gas equipment.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Often the power supply, wire feeder and protective gas valve are assembled inside the same shell as a compact welding machine, but devices for demanding welding are usually assembled from separate modules.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Usually in these machines, the power supply is its own separate unit and the wire feeder is connected with control electronics, as well as a valve that controls the gas flow.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Flow control devices more advanced than the valve are also available, either as a stand-alone module or built into a wire feeder or welding device.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Generally, remote controls can be connected to the welding equipment to control at least wire supply or welding voltage.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Remote controls can be, for example, foot pedals or controls integrated into a welding gun.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Power supply The power supply provides the electrical power required for welding.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Typically, the maximum welding current obtained varies between 100 and 600 amperes depending on the device.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Welding voltages range from a generous ten volts to several tens of volts.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

A power supply suitable for MIG/MAG welding keeps the welding voltage close to the value set by the welder, unlike in TIG and needle welding, where the device operator sets a welding current that remains somewhat constant.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

The power supply may have additional features such as break welding or pulsing of welding voltage or wire supply.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Wire Feeder The function of the wire feeder is to feed the additive wire through the wire wire running in the burner cable to the welding torch.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

The wire feed speed is adjustable.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

In the most common solution, the wire is pulled from the wire coil and inserted into the wire line by the supply wheels rotated by the feed motor.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Feed wheels are available with several different grooves.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

The grooves of the feed wheels vary in size and profiles and can also be knurled.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

The effects of different groove profiles are manifested in the variety of deformations and grip that arise on the wire.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

The size of the grooves is selected according to the size of the


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

If the additive wire is soft like aluminum, it is often necessary to use a motor gun to make the wire feed work smoothly and reliably.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

A motor gun is a welding burner to which a wire feed motor is connected.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

When the distance between the wire feeder and the welding torch is large, an intermediate feeder must be used in order for the wire feed to work without interference.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Welding Burner A welding torch is a device that supplies a current to the wire, directs the welding gas flow to the welding point, and contains a switch or switches to control the welding event.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

The power nozzle for the welding torch is selected according to the material to be welded, the thickness of the wire and the welding situation.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

When welding aluminum, as well as welding in the hot arc area, nozzles slightly larger than the usual nominal dimension are used.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Performances of the welding torch include the maximum permissible burn time ratio and welding current.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

With a burner cable, the welding burner is attached to the welding machine.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

The burner cable is usually fixed to the welding torch and to most machines it is connected by a Euro connector.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

The burner cable has an outer shell that holds the cable together and protects the cable parts inside it.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Inside the cable cladding pass the power conductor, signal conductors, gas hose, wire wire and, in the case of a water-cooled gun, coolant hoses.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Signal wires bring control signals from switches and controls connected to the welding torch to the welding machine.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

The gas hose leads the welding gas to the welding burner.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

The task of the wire conductor is to direct the welding wire to the burner.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Wire conductors are made of different materials and different thicknesses for welding wires of different sizes and different sizes.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Shielding gas equipment The function of the protective gas apparatus is to supply the welding burner with shielding gas to it if necessary.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

The shielding gas is obtained either from the gas network of the property or from the gas cylinder where the shielding gas has been stored by compressing it under high pressure.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

A pressure reducer/flow regulator is connected to the gas cylinder, which lowers the gas pressure to suit the welding machine and adjusts the flow rate to be correct.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

In connection with the welding device, there is some kind of valve that controls the gas flow so that gas enters the burner during welding.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Sometimes the valve is mechanically controlled by a welding torch switch, while in some devices the gas flow is controlled electronically, allowing additional functions such as front and after-flow of the gas to be added.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Protective Gases The main function of the shielding gas is to displace air and especially oxygen from near the weld melt in order to avoid harmful chemical reactions.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Another function of the protective gas is to cool the welding burner.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

In addition, the welding gas may have an effect on the amount of ozone produced by welding.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Gas also affects weld penetration, arc behavior, and welding speed.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

The choice of welding gas is influenced by factors such as the price, the substance to be welded, the welding position and the technical characteristics required of the weld.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Common shielding gases include carbon dioxide (CO2), argon, helium, and mixtures of these.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Shielding gases also often contain trace amounts of nitric oxide (NO) to prevent ozone formation.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Welding is called MiG welding if the shielding gas is inert, that is, the shielding gas does not react with the weld melt.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Similarly, welding is MAG welding if the shielding gas is active, that is, reacts with the melt.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

For example, argon is an inert gas, but carbon dioxide reacts with molten.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

The most common gas used is a mixture of argon and carbon dioxide, which is used in the welding of most steels.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Steels can also be welded using carbon dioxide alone, but alloy gas is a better option in most cases.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Pure argon is used in aluminum welding.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Stainless steel is often welded with gas with only a little carbon dioxide in addition to argon.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

The shielding gas can be replaced by the use of core cored wire, with weld melt protective agents inside the wire.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

In this case, we often talk about a different welding method, which is called full-wire welding.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

A whole second method of joining is talked about in the context of arc brazing, although MIG/MAG welding equipment is often used to perform it.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Additive additive wire is selected according to the material to be welded.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

The composition of the wire is almost the same as that of the material to be welded.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

The wires used in welding steel are usually coated with copper.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Aluminum wires are usually uncoated.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Welding event The welder uses the machine controls to select a voltage suitable for the current welding situation, which remains constant, but the welding current varies depending on the resistance of the welding circuit.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

The resistance of the welding circuit depends on the length of the free wire and the arc.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

The longer the arc or freewire, the greater the resistance and lower the welding current, and with the lower welding current, the lower welding power.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

The length of the arc is affected by changing the wire feed speed.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

The length of the free wire depends on the distance between the current nozzle and the workpiece, which can be affected by the length of the current nozzle and the gas nozzle, but above all by how far away from the workpiece the welder holds the burner.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Freewire effect Roughly speaking, the additive melts under the action of heat generated by the current passing through the wire, and the base substance melts under the action of the arc.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

As the length of the free wire increases, the welding current decreases and, in addition, the arc is shortened, because the voltage acting on the arc decreases as the resistance of the free wire increases.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Both of these phenomena result in a collapse in the melting power of the base substance.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

However, all the additive melts and the end result of welding can be good when inspected by visual inspection, even if the base material has not melted properly.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

[1] Arc shapes Three arc forms occur in MIG/MAG welding.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

These are short, mixed and hot arc.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

When welding with a short arc, the additive wire densely forms short circuits with the workpiece.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

The transition of the substance occurs during a short circuit, and the arc that melts the base material burns between them.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

With a hot arc, short circuits are not formed, but the arc constantly burns as the additive moves by droplets to the weld melt.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

A mixed arch is the intermediate form of these two arc forms.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Welding occurs with a short arc when using a small current and voltage and, accordingly, on a hot arc when using a large wire supply and voltage.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Welding The additive wire, current and gas nozzles and shielding gas are selected according to the welding situation.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

The MIG/MAG equipment must also be adjusted correctly for each welding situation.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Necessary measures are the selection of welding voltage, setting the wire feed rate and adjusting the gas flow.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

In addition, the welding apparatus may have additional features such as pulsing or break welding of welding voltage or wire feed, the parameters of which must be set when using them.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Welding parameters can be estimated based on different tables or calculation formulas.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

However, the final settings must be searched through test welds.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

When assessing the suitability of welding values during welding, arc behavior, spatter generation and welding sound are observed.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

The correctness of the parameters can also be assessed on the basis of the welding result using visual examination or various inspection methods.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Preparation of the piece When preparing a piece for welding, it must be cleaned of oxidation, impurities and paint.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

With higher material strengths, it is necessary to make a slit for welding.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

In MIG/MAG welding, I or V rail is most often used.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

With thin material strengths, I-rail is used, when welding thicker materials, switch to the use of V or X rail.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Sometimes the pieces to be welded need to be preheated to avoid excessively high welding stresses or sufficient welding power to melt the base material.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Welding welding is started by igniting the arc.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

The arc is ignited by holding the end of the additive wire perpendicular to the piece and switching on the welding current.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

The correct ignition point depends on the base material.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Most often when welding ferrous metals, the arc is ignited in the welding gap, but when welding aluminum, for example, the correct ignition point is next to the gap.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

When the arc is lit, the end of the wire is directed to the welding start point and the burner starts to be carried along the welding gap, either in a straight line or making a spreading motion.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

Welding is terminated by passing the arc a short distance back on top of the finished weld and cutting off the welding current.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

The weld can be finished by grinding, cleaning it with a wire brush or pickling.


Question: Where was MIG welding invented?

MAG welding

See also Arc welding TIG welding Sources elsewhere Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lepola, Pertti; Makkonen, Matti| title = Welding Techniques and Steel Structures| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2005| id = ISBN 978-951-0-27158-2}} Category:Welding


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Jazz [Jats] (harv.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

jatsi) is a genre of music born in the United States, incorporating many styles distantly separated from each other.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Most of them are characterized by a syncopated rocking rhythm, as well as the importance of improvisation.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Also a key contribution of wind instruments is one stamp-giving feature of jazz.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Jazz emerged no later than the 19th century among the African-American population of the Confederate States of America


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

In its distinct forms, the genre of music was outlined in the twentieth century.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

New Orleans is especially considered to be the birthplace of jazz.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Jazz evolved from the vowel music, blues, and spiritual music of African-Americans.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Jazz was developed and originally performed by African-Americans.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

However, the first jazz ensemble to record was the Original Dixieland Jass Band, composed of white musicians, in 1917.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

[1] Jazz arrived in Finland in the 1920s.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

[2] Jazz is more often instrumental music, but singers are also met.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Jazz performers can be as much big big bands as solo artists.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Most often, however, there are at least three players, and band members' interaction is more central to popular music in jazz.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Instruments in jazz include various wind instruments, including saxophone, trumpet, cornet, clarinet, flute, and drag trombone; double bass (later also electric bass), piano, drums, electric organ, guitar, and vibraphone.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

The electric guitar was originally introduced specifically to jazz music at the end of the 1930s.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

In jazz music, a modern drum set also developed.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Improvisation in jazz A characteristic feature of Jazz is improvisation.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

There are also jazz songs to which improvisation does not belong, but usually improvised solos, or sometimes simultaneous improvisation by different soloists, belong to jazz performance.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Improvisation is decidedly more complex in jazz than in modern popular music or blues.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

In blues, improvisation is most often based on a mollipentatonic scale or a bluesscale almost similar to it.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

In this case, there is no need to care about chord changes, because usually only chords are used in blues that are all suitable for use with the same scale.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

In contrast, jazz has a markedly larger number of different chords and the scales used with them.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

The most important scales are church compositions, namely the modes of the Duur scale, as well as melodic molo harmonic scales (there are already 14 scales in total).


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

In addition to these, for example, symmetric and pentatonic scales are also used.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Chord changes in jazz songs tend to be tight-lipped, whereby the player is forced to constantly change the scale they use during their solo.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Many scales and chords do not have very established names or symbols, instead several modes of notation are used.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Initially jazz improvisation was mainly a modification of a song's melody, but improvisation changed as jazz became increasingly free-form.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

The development culminated into free jazz, where performance can even consist of completely free improvisation.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Especially in earlier times, improvisation was approached in jazz through scales rather than directly through chord tunes in the chord.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

In jazz, the song structure is most often such that the theme is played at the beginning and end of the song, with improvisational sections of different players interspersed between the themes.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

The solo often progresses through the chords of the theme, but especially when the songs recorded were still technically limited to three minutes, it was possible to disconnect smaller parts of the theme chord for different soloists so that everyone had time to play a solo during the same song.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

In addition to the fact that a jazz song has a typical ABA structure (that is, at the beginning and end of the song there are two identical parts - in this case the theme - with a different section between them - solos), but especially in old jazz the theme itself has its internal ABA structure.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

History of Jazz Origin of Jazz The roots of jazz can be found in the music of blacks transported from West Africa to North America for slave labor.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

The genesis of the musical genre probably began with the fact that slaves were not allowed to talk to each other during work, they invented work songs — singing was allowed.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Such songs are called by the appellation field hollers (“field slimmers”).


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

After the Civil War of the 1860s, slavery was ended and the development of musical culture gained momentum.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

For example, genres of music called blues and ragtime were born.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Ragtime was pre-jazz, somewhat reminiscent of rapid march, most often performed on piano.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Ragtime's development locations included Texas, Florida, Tennessee, St. Louis, Oklahoma, and especially its most prominent centre, New Orleans in the Mississippi Delta.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

The most famous ragtime composer was Scott Joplin, whose many songs are familiar to the general public even today.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Origin of the word “jazz” The origin of the word “jazz” has not been successfully clarified exhaustively.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

The origin of the word is shown in e.g.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

the English slang terms “gism” or “jasm” meaning semen, as the term “jazzing” is intended for prostitution [3].


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Other possibilities have been considered, for example, the French verb “jaser" [3] or the word “chasse" [4], meaning predatory.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

The origin of the word has also been speculated to be related to the first names of early musicians such as “Charles” (Chas.)


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

or “James” (Jas.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

) [3], The word “jass” - later jazz - first appeared as a musical term in Chicago in the mid-1910s.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

According to jazz historian Marshall Stearns, the then-meaning would not tolerate a weight outfit [5].


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

New Orleans New Orleans was a free-spirited city where several different cultures could mix easily and ragtime was also influenced there.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Ragtime music was often played in brothels.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

As ragtime evolved from marching to a little lighter and more versatile, it began to be called jazz.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

The development of jazz began in the 1890s—1910s.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

The original jazz featured influences from military marches, West African music, piano music, church and folk music, and French songs.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

The most peculiar feature of jazz, compared to other musical styles of that time, was that the songs often played a prominent role in the songs by improvised solo contributions.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

However, New Orleans jazz, dixieland, did not have an actual soloist; it is a matter of so-called collective improvisation.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

In it, wind instruments embellished an existing melody at once with the accompaniment of a rhythm group.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Improvisation made the songs vibrant and gave more feel to the songs.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

New Orleans jazz improvisation differs from improvising in modern jazz precisely in that it was essentially an embellishment of a finished melody, whereas in newer jazz, improvising freely over chords.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Pre-swing jazz has later been referred to by the term classic jazz.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Jazz is growing in popularity Jazz suddenly became a popular music genre especially among blacks.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

It was played at socialite invitations and even at some colourful funerals.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Africans had been banned from their traditional instruments because English-speaking colonial hosts feared slaves would especially use drums as a means of communication.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

In addition, slaves were desired to convert to Christianity and were taught traditional Christian anthems and hymns.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Thus, blacks began singing their own music and building instruments themselves, as well as, where possible, learning Western instruments.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

The general lineup of the first jazz ensembles was trumpet, clarinet and trombone, and sometimes saxophone.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Skilled trumpetists generally received a great deal of prestige.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

These included Buddy Bolden, Freddie Keppard and Joe “King” Oliver, among others.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Joe Oliver taught and supported Louis Armstrong with the trumpet during the early stages of his career [6].


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Some Caucasians became involved in jazz dabbling in the early days of the 20th century.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

The first-ever and at the same time only jazz recording made before the 1920s was made by the Original Dixieland Jass Band, a band of Caucasian Carpases, in 1917 (jazz might often be spelled “jass” in its early days).


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

This gave a kick to the spread of jazz among Caucasians as well.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

[1] World War I did not affect life in the United States at all, nor did it harm the development of jazz.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Jazz played in New Orleans was the main style, but two genres of piano jazz also developed alongside it: stride and boogie woogie.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

When, in 1917, New Orleans outlawed previously legal prostitution, jazz began to be concentrated on the East Coast of the United States; Chicago, and later on New York as well.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

In the 1920s, the sound record industry accelerated and jazz began to be properly recorded on records.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

This increased interest and also the number of jazz musicians.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

In Finland in the 1920s, most jazz was in English or Swedish.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Among the working youth, accordion jazz emerged from national ingredients, combining yankees and polk with ragtime, and adding waltz romance, tango, cuplet and other material at arm's length to them.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Accordion jazz is very much related to the history of Dallapé, as it was a paragon of a style whose dominance only grew stronger in the 1930s and lasted until the Winter War.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

The 1930s and the joining of big bandit Louis Armstrong in Fletcher Henderson's band laid new ground for really the whole jazz style direction.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

He developed a new style from the still rather rigid New Orleans jazz, which was more soloistic art than New Orleans jazz, raising the appreciation of jazz even further.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Before jazz was just so-called collective, but now players also played certain roles in songs.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

This was part of the reason jazz lineups were growing.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

[7] New York and Kansas City developed a style of jazz for big orchestras, which was the basis for the big band swing of the 1930s.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

The use of large orchestras led to the need to make even more precise arrangements for jazz pieces.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Improvisation was more difficult in large configurations.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

However, more traditional jazz was still in greater popularity among big bands in the 1920s.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

In the 1930s, jazz's power style was swing and major jazz orchestras were gaining popularity.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Duke Ellington was the most illustrious of swing composers and arrangers.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Swing music is especially lighter than classical jazz in rhythm and in it the songs have a carefully made adaptation.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Bebop Jazz was mainly performed in clubs, as the level of improvised playing suffers at large concerts.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

With the swing and precise fitting, the venue of the performance didn't matter in terms of playing.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

This led to commercialization and entertainment.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Tired of commercialized swing and easy improv, musicians flocked to play and compete for their playing skills with each other at New York's Harlem's Minton's Playhouse.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

A lot of new musicians also came along.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

There developed a genre of music called bebop, or re-bop, or bop.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Most of bebop's top names were previously swing soloists, for example Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie Parker.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

The outbreak of World War II interrupted the development of musical genres.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Between 1943 and 1944, a recording ban was in effect in the United States.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

This hampered the position of commercial swing and also jazz, and bebop attracted more interest.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Bebop's new style was well suited to the post-war period, when cultures were still out of balance.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

In Bebop, improvisation was no longer linked to melody but merely to chord structure.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

The chord structure was a little more complicated, too.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Bebop initially received a lot of reviews because the musical genre is rather elusive.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

One motive in bebop was to deceive uninitiated laymen, especially white ones, for example by playing familiar songs with faster tempos and more complex chords and, of course, with a new name so that not everyone recognises them.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Bebop compositions differed much in melody and theme from early, but chord structures were usually borrowed from popular songs.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Bebop reflected the attitudes of blacks to their own space.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Bebop cultivated the pride of the black population.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

The emergence of this jazz branch was a contributing backdrop to the civil rights struggles of the 1950s by blacks, through which African-Americans eventually gained full civil rights.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Bebop was usually played in ensembles of 4—5 people.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

The instruments were usually saxophone, trumpet, double bass, piano and drums.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

In Bebop, interaction between musicians was important for improvisation.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

It was the first style of jazz that was not meant to be danced.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Partly because of that, and also because of its elusiveness and revolutionary nature, bebop never became as popular with the common folk as swing.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

In the 1950s, not entirely new stylistic trends such as bebop came; instead, new styles, cool jazz and hard bop, were closely related to bebop.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

With Bebop, jazz became increasingly separated from commercial music.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

The song was now clearly less often heard in jazz music and large bigbands had also receded from the way of smaller groups.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Long improvised solos became increasingly central to jazz, and began to be used mostly rhythms to the beat of which one could no longer dance.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Cool jazz Cool jazz was a musical genre developed especially by musicians studying at white young classical music colleges, in which the so-called. “academic presentation”.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Among its differences to bebop were that it used softer toned instruments such as the curve horn and tuba, as well as the fact that improvising was simpler and in songs sometimes multiple parts.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Cool jazz sounds bebop more restrained and slightly more melodic.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

It favoured a “dry” melody, meaning the playing had no vibrato and the melody had no contrapunkt, i.e., it did not play side melodies different from the melody together with the main melody.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Cool jazz was used in the 1950s—60s a lot as film music.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

In the 1960s, the tradition of cool jazz was continued by bossanova, a combination of jazz and Brazilian music.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Hard bop and soul jazz Hard bop emerged in the second half of the 1950s from bebop.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

In Hard bop, the drummer had a more important position in the song.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

As a result of the heightened comp, improvising on other instruments became more straightforward.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Hard bop was influenced by black gospel music as well as blues, among others.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Hard bop was clearer and more melodic than bebop and it became quite popular especially in the 1960s.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

It was played at religious events, among other things.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

The transition of Miles Davis, who played Bebop, to the circle of hard bop, prompted, among other things, that tone scales were introduced and songs became more melodic.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Julian Cannonball Adderley was briefly in the doctrine of Miles Davis and later formed a band with his brother called the Cannonball Adderley Quintet, which became one of hard bop's most popular.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

The band also visited Finland in the early 1960s and 1970s.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

The direct heir to hard bop was 1960s soul jazz, where rhythm and blues as well as gospel influences were embraced yet hard bop much more clearly.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Soul jazz's melodies use hooks typical of rhythm and blues, repetitive riffs, and rhythms aim for a groove like r&b.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Often, from the position of the piano, the organ was also used in the manner of popular music.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Improvisation is often considered relatively melodic compared to 1950s bebop.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Among the best known performers of soul jazz were Jimmy Smith, Les McCann and Lou Donaldson.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Free jazz and avant-garde jazz in the 1960s hardbop was taken as influences from music in South America, for example.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Cool jazz took shape bossanova.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Some of the greatest revolutions in the history of jazz occurred in the 1960s as free jazz and avant-garde jazz became known.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

In these jazz genres no longer played according to traditional chord and chord structures.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Major developer figures in free jazz and avant-garde jazz include saxophonist Ornette Coleman, whose records released in the late 1950s and early 1960s defined both stylistic directions.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Another founder of the avant-garde style in the 1950s was pianist Cecil Taylor.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

During the 1960s, notable musicians who worked on these stylistic directions included John Coltrane, Archie Shepp, Albert Ayler, Sun Ra, Makanda Ken McIntyre, Pharoah Sanders, Sam Rivers, Don Pullen, Dewey Redman and Dave Holland.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Free jazz usually has no melody and chord flow predetermined and the tempo could vary over the course of the song.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Yet the music is not random, but needed even more attentive interaction between players.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

However, these jazz genres deviated too much from the earlier traditions of jazz and the earlier jazz genres were not desired to take influences from these, as was usually taken from new currents.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Some of the free jazz musicians moved to Europe and taught their European counterparts there.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

[8] Avant-garde was a more European version of free jazz.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

It used more pre-composed material and featured influences from European art music.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

From the avant-garde, Europeans more independently developed their own style of jazz and the “identity” of European jazz developed in the 1970s thanks to musicians such as Krzysztof Komeda, Tomasz Stańko, Jan Garbarek, Peter Brötzmann and Edward Vesala.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

In real socialist Eastern European countries, especially Poland and Czechoslovakia, jazz even became a certain kind of “dissent music”: the genre of music did not enjoy official popularity.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

With fusion in the 1960s, many jazz musicians began to combine popular music and jazz of that time with each other.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Later, music based on a combination of jazz and pop has been used to be called fusion jazz (often speaking only of “fusion”, which is appropriate because such music often does not sound like traditional jazz).


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Up to date with the latest currents of jazz, Miles Davis released the fusion albums considered the most notable: In a Silent Way (1969) and Bitches Brew (1970).


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Jazz musicians who performed on these famous records such as Chick Corea, Herbie Hancock, John McLaughlin and Joe Zawinul later formed their own ensembles and continued to develop the merger.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

The fusion bands also made friends among pop music listeners.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Jazz after the 1960s Fusion quickly separated itself far from earlier jazz, and even its more moderate forms were unfit for a number of jazz lovers.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

However, there were young creative players in New York who wanted to revive the status of more traditional jazz.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Downtown had no venues for jazz musicians to perform, so they were forced to perform in old warehouse buildings on the edges of the city.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

This was called the loft move.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

In new jazz, the old composition formulas no longer mattered.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

After the 1960s, major changes seemed to be over on various fronts in jazz.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

However, innovations in jazz continued in the sphere of avant-garde jazz, for example.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Similarly, a later phenomenon is nu-jazz, in which jazz is combined with the rhythms of electronic dance music.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

By the early 1980s, jazz had already become a more international and folksy phenomenon and was being made not only in America and Europe but also in other continents.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Notable jazz musicians Bassists Ron Carter Paul Chambers Stanley Clarke Charlie Haden Dave Holland Eddie Gomez Marcus Miller Charles Mingus Jaco Pastorius John Patitucci Miroslav Vitouš Guitarists George Benson Charlie Christian Freddie Green Grant Green Biréli Lagrène Pat Metheny Wes Montgomery Stanley Jordan Joe Pass Django Reinhardt Lee Ritenour John Scofield John McLaughlin Clarinetists Sidney Bechet Don Byron Eddie Daniels Benny Goodman Tony Scott Artie Shaw Singers Louis Armstrong Michael Bublé Ella Fitzgerald Billie Holiday Manhattan Transfer Soloist Band Sarah Vaughan Nina Simone Trumpets and Cornetists Louis Armstrong Bix Beiderbecke Chris Botti Clifford Brown Fats Navarro Don Cherry Miles Davis Tommy Dorsey Roy Eldridge Tom Harrell Freddie Hubbard Lee Morgan Tomasz Stańko Dizzy Gillespie Pianists Dave Brubeck Chick Corea Duke Ellington Bill Evans Herbie Hancock Keith Jarrett Wynton Kelly Thelonious Monk Oscar Peterson Bud Powell Art Tatum Lennie Tristano McCoy Tyner Fats Waller Joe Zawinul Drummers Jack DeJohnette Steve Gadd Jeff Hamilton Roy Haynes Billy Higgins Elvin Jones Gene Krupa Joe Morello Paul Motian Buddy Rich Max Roach Bill Stewart Dave Weckl Tony Williams Terry Bozzio Art Blakey Saxophonists Cannonball Adderley Bob Berg Charlie Barnet Michael Brecker Ornette Coleman John Coltrane Paul Desmond Eric Dolphy Jimmy Dorsey Jan Garbarek Coleman Hawkins Joe Henderson Joe Lovano Jimmie Lunceford Bennie Maupin Charlie Parker Sonny Rollins Pharoah Sanders Wayne Shorter Lester Young John Zorn Trombonists Tommy Dorsey Carl Fontana Curtis Fuller J.J.


Question: When was jazz invented?

Jazz

Johnson Frank Rosolino Kai Winding Vibraphonists Lionel Hampton Bobby Hutcherson Milt Jackson Gary Burton Violinists Regina Carter Stéphane Grappelli Jean-Luc Ponty Organists Jimmy Smith Jimmy McGriff Bandleaders Charlie Barnet Count Basie Duke Ellington Benny Goodman Fletcher Henderson Jimmie Lunceford Glenn Miller Jelly Roll Morton Joe “King” Oliver Gil Evans Jazz Stylistic trends Avant-garde jazz Acid jazz Bebop Cool jazz Free jazz Fusion jazz Jazz-Funk Hard bop Modal jazz Nu-Jazz Swing Sources On Topic Elsewhere * Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: How tall is a cactus owl?

Cactus owl

The cactus owl (Micrathene whitneyi) is a bird belonging to owls that nests in the southwestern parts of the United States and Mexico.


Question: How tall is a cactus owl?

Cactus owl

It is the smallest owl in the world, followed by the second smallest is the sparrow owl.


Question: How tall is a cactus owl?

Cactus owl

It measures 12—30cm in length, with a wingspan of about 40cm, with a short tail.


Question: How tall is a cactus owl?

Cactus owl

Its legs are quite long, and often it appears westernmost.


Question: How tall is a cactus owl?

Cactus owl

The weight of the bird is 30—40 g.


Question: How tall is a cactus owl?

Cactus owl

Their vocalizations can be heard in obscurity or at sunset as they yell at each other.


Question: How tall is a cactus owl?

Cactus owl

The sound is high in tone or hykerrry.


Question: How tall is a cactus owl?

Cactus owl

The male and female swoop among the trees and yell at each other.


Question: How tall is a cactus owl?

Cactus owl

Reproduction The cactus owl selects usually abandoned northerly facing darts in saguaro cactus [1], platan, virginian poplar and other hard tree species as a breeding site.


Question: How tall is a cactus owl?

Cactus owl

The female lays three round white eggs.


Question: How tall is a cactus owl?

Cactus owl

The eggs are hatched for three weeks, after which the chicks hatch.


Question: How tall is a cactus owl?

Cactus owl

They are flight-capable at ten weeks.


Question: How tall is a cactus owl?

Cactus owl

Chicks usually hatch in mid-June or early July.


Question: How tall is a cactus owl?

Cactus owl

In late July, they are usually flight-capable and leave the nest.


Question: How tall is a cactus owl?

Cactus owl

Behavior They are often seen in the chapparal area, and at nesting time they can be easily found.


Question: How tall is a cactus owl?

Cactus owl

When confronted with predators, it pretends to be dead.


Question: How tall is a cactus owl?

Cactus owl

Migration Cactus owl migrate in spring and summer to Arizona and New Mexico, and in winter their area of residence include central and southern Mexico.


Question: How tall is a cactus owl?

Cactus owl

Migrating cactus owls return north in mid-April or May.


Question: How tall is a cactus owl?

Cactus owl

The foraging Cactus owl eats mainly insects, and it chooses its habitation area according to the fact that they are found there.


Question: How tall is a cactus owl?

Cactus owl

Agavet and ocotillos are good places to eat, as night butterflies and many other insects sleep in their flowers.


Question: How tall is a cactus owl?

Cactus owl

Cactus owls eat scorpions and somehow manage to remove their spike.


Question: How tall is a cactus owl?

Cactus owl

Often they are seen preying on flying insects, causing them to fly in the same manner as tyrants after dusk descends.


Question: How tall is a cactus owl?

Cactus owl

Subspecies M. w. Idonea, is a subspecies inhabiting the area from southernmost parts of Texas to Mexico, as are M. w. sanfordi in Baja California and M. w. graysoni on Socorro Island at the southern tip of Baja California.


Question: How tall is a cactus owl?

Cactus owl

That species is likely to have disappeared in the 20th century, perhaps around 1970.


Question: How tall is a cactus owl?

Cactus owl

Subspecies: [2] Micrathene whitneyi graysoni Ridgway, 1886 Micrathene whitneyi idonea (Ridgway, 1914) Micrathene whitneyi sanfordi (Ridgway, 1914) Micrathene whitneyi whitneyi (J. G. Cooper, 1861) Sources National Geographic, Field Guide to the Birds of North America, ISBN 22-6877 -6 Handbook of the Birds of the World Vol 5, ed.


Question: How tall is a cactus owl?

Cactus owl

Josep del Hoyo, ISBN 84-87334-25-3 National Audubon Society, The Sibley Guide to Birds, David Allen Sibley, ISBN 0-679-45122-6 References on the topic elsewhere Fireflyforest.net VIREO South Dakota Birds and Birding Category:Owls


Question: What does etching mean?

Etching

Etching, or line etching, is a gravure printing method in printmaking in which a desired image is etched using acid onto a printing plate.


Question: What does etching mean?

Etching

The printing slab, usually made of copper, zinc or steel, is first coated with an acid-resistant waxy primer.


Question: What does etching mean?

Etching

Next, the desired picture is drawn on the primer, scraping it off the surface of the tile from the points where the lines are desired to arise.


Question: What does etching mean?

Etching

After that, the tile with a primer is immersed in acid.


Question: What does etching mean?

Etching

In this case, the acid can penetrate the primer from the scraped grooves into the printing plate itself, etching it only from the grooves.


Question: What does etching mean?

Etching

After etching, the printing plate is completely cleaned of the primer, thereby showing the negative of the desired print image on the tile.


Question: What does etching mean?

Etching

At the next stage, printing ink is applied to the tile and the tile is cleaned, so that only the color remains in the grooves etched by acid.


Question: What does etching mean?

Etching

Finally, a draft is taken from the plate, i.e. it is pressed in a ramp with great force against the paper, and the paper is pressed into the acid etched grooves impregnated by the ink.


Question: What does etching mean?

Etching

When the crease is opened, the image that was on the printing plate has moved to the paper.


Question: What does etching mean?

Etching

Etching was originally developed for metalsmiths no later than the Middle Ages, but the technique may be older than this.


Question: What does etching mean?

Etching

In the Middle Ages, etching was used to decorate armor, among other things.


Question: What does etching mean?

Etching

The use of etching to print images on paper is believed to be that of Augsburg Daniel Hopfer (ca.


Question: What does etching mean?

Etching

1470—1536) invention.


Question: What does etching mean?

Etching

The first dated print dates to 1513, authored by Urs Graf.


Question: What does etching mean?

Etching

[1] Print illustrations had been made before the invention of etching as metal engravings, but etching was a much easier technique, as it did not require actual metalworking skill.


Question: What does etching mean?

Etching

Thus, from the 16th century onwards, etching began to become common at the expense of more large-scale engraving.


Question: What does etching mean?

Etching

The technology has passed evolving through the centuries and remained vibrant until modern times.


Question: What does etching mean?

Etching

The most famous skilled in etching are Rembrandt and Piranesi.


Question: What does etching mean?

Etching

Sources Category:Graphics Methods Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

Moomin Valley Tales (Jap.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

Tanoshii Mūmin Ikka,,) is a Japanese-Finnish-Dutch animated television series made between 1990 and 1992, about the adventures of mummies created by Tove Jansson and their friends in Moomin Valley.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

Produced in Japan, the series is based mostly on the Moomin books by Tove Jansson and the Moomintroll comics by Tove and Lars Jansson.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

Tove and Lars Jansson work closely with the series' Japanese screenwriters and animators.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

The series was produced by Finn Dennis Livson and his Dutch production company Telecable Benelux.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

In the early 1990s, Moomin Valley stories gave rise to the so-called “Moominboom”, when the popularity of mummies grew around the world and sales of Moomin-themed products increased considerably, especially in Japan and Finland.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

[1] [2] [3] [4] The series remains one of the most popular children's programmes in Finland.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

The series Moomin Valley Stories, shown in Finland, consists productively of two separate anime series: Tanoshii Mūmin Ikka and Tanoshii Mūmin Ikka: Bōken Nikki.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

A total of 78 episodes were produced between 1990 and 1991 by Tanoshii Mūmin Ikka, of which 76 episodes have been shown in Finland.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

A sequel, Tanoshii Mūmin Ikka: Bōken Nikki, was produced 1991—1992 for a total of 26 episodes, 25 of which have been shown in Finland.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

The film Moomintroll and the Tail Star was produced as a prequel to the series in 1992.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

[5] [6] [7] The background music for the series was composed by Sumio Shiratori, in addition to which the versions performed outside Japan feature the theme music composed by Dutchman Pierre Kartner.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

In the Finnish and Swedish versions, the theme songs are performed by Benny Törnroos.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

The background music is predominantly instrumental, but contains vocals from Emiko Shiratori, wife of Sumio Shiratori in places [8].


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

In Finland, the performance rights to the series originally belonged to Yleisradio, which commissioned a dubbing in Finnish and Swedish in the 1990s, and aired both versions almost regularly in reruns for years until 2014.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

The voice actors for the Finnish version of Yleisradio are Rabbe Smedlund, Matti Ruohola, Ulla Tapaninen, Elina Salo, Aila Svedberg, Eero Ahre, Timo Torikka, Tapio Hämäläinen, Leena Uotila, Marja Packalén, Samuli Edelmann and Ilkka Merivaara.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

In 2017, the performance rights for the series converted to HD were transferred to commercial MTV, which commissioned a new Finnish-language dubbing for it.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

The title of the series Originally, the title of the series belonged to the Polish Moomin series World of Moomins produced in 1977—1982 as a piece animation.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

It carried that name around the 1980s, when the series was first dubbed in Finland.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

The name Moomins' World was introduced only in 2007.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

The series' only voice in the 1980s dubbing was the voice of the narrator (excluding background voices), with actor Harri Hyttinen serving as the narrator.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

[9] Production Producer Dennis Livson began working on children's programs in the 1980s with an educational goal.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

[10] In 1981, he began negotiations to make a Moomin-themed series and, starting in 1983, collaborated with Japanese studios.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

Gradually, Livson became friends with the Janssons.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

Although Tove Jansson was not happy with previous Moomin series, in 1988 he gave Livson permission to make a new series of drawings about the Mummies after convincing Livson of another production by Alfred J.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

Kwak.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

[11] [6] In 1989, Tove and Lars Jansson travelled with Livson to Tokyo, where they were presented with a sample snippet of the mummy animation.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

“Dom lever ju!” (“They live!”) , Tove Jansson stated after seeing the sample, and the series was put into production.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

[11] Livson later also produced the Moomintroll and the Tail Star and was in the process of designing and building Naantali's Moomin World.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

[10] 600 people participated in the making of the series in Japan, 130 of whom were animators.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

[12] Everything in the series is hand-drawn.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

The director was Hiroshi Saitô.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

Character design and animation directing was led by Yasuhiro Nakura.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

[6] The Artistic Director was Jirô Kôno in the original Tanoshii Mūmin Ikka series and the Moomintroll and the Tail Star film, but in Tanoshii Mūmi's Ikka: Bōken Nikki series, he was replaced by Takashi Nakamura.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

[13] The main screenwriter was Akira Miyazaki, who wrote 32 episodes for the series.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

[14] He visited Finland twice during the production and met Tove Jansson on the second occasion.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

[15] Masayuki Kojima served as assistant director for the series and Kazuo Tabata as executive producer.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

[5] Tove Jansson said afterwards that he was pleased with the outcome of the series and especially that the Japanese were ready to make corrections to the scripts and animation if necessary at his and Lars Jansson's request.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

Because even entire episodes had to be animated again, Jansson forgave some of the details he found dubious, such as the strange appearance given to Magic Winter's Ice Lady.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

[12] More actively than the Janssons, Lars Jansson participated in the design of the series.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

[6] The plot of the series is based on both Moomin books and comics.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

In addition, Japanese screenwriters were given permission to invent new stories.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

[6] Also, in episodes based on books and comics, the plots may have been substantially altered or shortened, and thus their fidelity to the initial works varies.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

More than half of Tanoshii Mūmin Ikka's episodes are based on original mummy works, while Tanoshii Mūmin Ikka: Bōken Nikki's episodes are based on them only less than half and even those are mostly based on Lars Jansson's comics.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

Episodes of the sequel series also used different beginning and end IDs in Japan and also lack a narrator voice.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

Furthermore, there is a noticeable difference in the drawing styles of the two series, with minor differences in the characters' characters, and several episodes of the second series show conflicts with the mummy world outlined by the original works.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

Dennis Livson later admitted that a sequel series should never have been made [11].


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

It is quite common among Finnish fans of the series that the “new episodes” included in the sequel series are inferior in quality.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

[16] Series on the world The series has been dubbed into numerous languages and has been aired in 124 countries.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

[17] A particularly popular series has been in the Nordic countries and Japan.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

[11] In the early 2000s, Yle and the Finnish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in cooperation with Nepal Television, funded a project called “Moomins to the Himalayas”, in which the first 52 episodes of the series were dubbed into Nepali.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

[18] Television performances in Finland Suomen Yleisradio contributed to the production of the series by investing four million marks in it, which amounted to about one twentieth of the series' total budget.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

Finland was the first country outside Japan where the series was aired.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

In Finland, the series has been shown in both Finnish and Swedish.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

The Finnish version was first seen on 1 September 1991 and the Swedish version also produced by Yle three days later.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

By that point, performance rights had already been sold to around 100 countries.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

[19] Episodes 1—50 of the first series aired on Yle TV1 channel from 1 September 1991 to 11 August 1992.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

[20] Episodes 51—76 of the first series aired on Yle's TV1 channel from 29 August 1993 to 20 February 1994.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

Episodes of the series were aired as a rerun a few years later on Yle TV2 channel and after a rerun round aired the follow-up series Tanoshii Mūmin Ikka: Bōken Nikki, produced for the first time in 1992.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

In Japan the series aired for the first time in April 1990.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

[21] In 2000 Moominvalley Stories aired for the last time on Yle TV1 channel from 6 June 2000 to 18 August 2000.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

According to a representative of Yleisradio, the series has enjoyed solid popularity in Finland and continued renewals were undesirable.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

Along with children, the series has been watched by many teenagers who enjoy the “near-nostalgia” it offers, and even adults.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

For a long time, Moominvalley stories was one of the most watched programmes on Yle Areena's online service.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

[22] Renovations of the Finnish version of the series The Finnish version of the series has undergone a couple of revisions over time.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

For the first time in 2011, Yle slightly edited the series.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

Episodes of the first production season (1—76) were remastered according to YLE.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

However, the quality was not HD.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

In older episodes, the picture quality was actually cloudier and bluer/greener than before.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

In later episodes, the picture quality improved considerably, but in some episodes the picture luminosity was well below before.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

In addition, the font of the beginning and end IDs had changed shape, as well as voice actors' names had changed places in the initial emblem from the largest role to the smallest (prior to this, names were alphabetically ordered by surname).


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

In the end credits, the production data had been moved to move next to the final ID, when previously the information had been displayed on a black background only after the ID.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

Episodes from the second season of production (77—101) had been left as they were with their old beginning and end credentials.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

For newer DVDs, however, Yle adjusted the colours for some episodes.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

In addition, Yle dropped episode 40 off the agenda due to the violence and intimidation in Moominvalley.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

This episode was also the only one of the episodes of the first production season for which Yle did not perform the editing at all.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

VL media began releasing new editions of DVD releases of the series in the summer of 2011, which contained this revamped version of the series by YLE.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

The Bandits in Moominvalley episode was also included on those DVD releases, but in its original form.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

However, the Swedish version had newer start and end IDs.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

In January 2017, it was announced that the series would return to the screen in HD, and that it would be redubbed with new voice actors, as the production company had sold the performance rights to MTV.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

[23] MTV did not have access to the original soundtrack made by Yleisradio in the 1990s, or the translation that was based on it, because the price was not agreed with Yleisradio and a whole new dubbing and translation became cheaper.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

[24] According to Yle, the minimum price for the soundtrack would have been 50% of the amount it had invested in doing the dubbing itself at the time.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

In addition, Yle would also have wanted to retain the rights to the series, but even the price could not be agreed.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

[25] However, the beginning and end symbols of the series sung by Benny Törnroos were also allowed to be used in the new version of the series.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

Episodes 1-50, 54, 56-57 and 65 had been made of Yle's remastering, albeit with higher-quality technology.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

For other episodes, MTV made its own colors and changes based on the older Yle version.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

For the second season of production, MTV left completely unrenewed.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

Other use in Finland The content of the series has become a popular destination for parodies and self-fiction on the internet.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

Some absurd or sub-styled parodies based on Moomin Valley stories have formed into internet memes.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

[26] The Mannerheim Association for Child Welfare made footage of Moomin Valley stories in 2005—2006 a series of short information strikes aimed at children into the Moomins' model, in which new lines unrelated to the original contexts were recorded.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

Characters Almost all of the standard characters in the series are creations by Tove Jansson, but there has been more emphasis on the contribution of some characters than in the original mummy works.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

Little Sell, for example, has been added to virtually every story, even though the character did not exist yet when the first Moomin books appeared.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

For example, Nipsu, Niisku and Botanist-Hemuli are also central characters in the series, although Jansson left them aside after the first few books.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

Whole new characters are the Witch and Aliisa in the series.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

The relationships between the characters have also been somewhat altered.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

For example, the mutual diction between Little My and Nipsu is a recurring subject of humour in the series, although in the original mummy works these characters never interacted with each other.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

Characters marked with an asterisk (*) in the list are not based on original mummy works but only appear in this series.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

Central characters Moomintroll Moominpappa Moominmamma Little Snorklady Nipsu Snuff Snuff Hemuli Sniff Sniff Sniff Stinky Police Master Witch* Aliisa* Mymmeli Vilijonkka and her three children Bogeyman Other characters in the series Magician Tuuhti and Viuhti Tuu-tikki Hattivatit Ninni Hosuli Sosuli Aunt Emma Jenni (MTV version Aunt Mimmi) Vilijaana Juksu Muhveli* Fredrikson Ancestor Artist Umbra Hemulitäti (Hemul's sister) * Tahmapaw Launo Reippailija-Hemuli (on MTV's version as Mr. Virkkunen, although this is a different character) Dront Edvard Primadonna and his horse Strongman Shine Head* Billy the Kid (in MTV's version of Hurja-Jaakko) Bernardo da Pinci* (in MTV's version Francesco Pinci) Vedmaid* Vampire Sovereign Houska Posteljoni* Series Episodes Finnish production Yleisradio dubbing [27] MTV's dubbing Yle made the Finnish version of the series a different style than the Japanese original version.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

In the original version, several characters speak at a fast pace with glimpsing childlike voices, but in the Finnish version, the speech pace was more neggy and the voices sound more grown-up.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

[6] The Swedish version is also produced by Yle and the characters speak Finnish Swedish in it.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

This version has been shown on both Finnish and Swedish television.


Question: What was the first animated series shown on Finnish television?

Moominvalley tales

MTV's 2017 dubbing aimed to make the sounds as similar as possible to the Finnish version of Yle.