Question: What is the House of Commons of the United Kingdom?

House of Commons of the United Kingdom

The formal, full name of the House of Commons in English is the Honourable the Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Parliament assembled.


Question: What is the House of Commons of the United Kingdom?

House of Commons of the United Kingdom

On the subject elsewhere Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What is the House of Commons of the United Kingdom?

House of Commons of the United Kingdom

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What is the House of Commons of the United Kingdom?

House of Commons of the United Kingdom

Category:UK Parliament Category:House of Commons


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

Fernando Pessoa [fˈndu pˈso] (June 13, 1888 Lisbon, Portugal — November 30, 1935, Lisbon) was a Portuguese poet and writer.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

He is regarded as one of the most prominent poets of his country and at all of the 20th century.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

Life Pessoa's father died of tuberculosis when he was five years old.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

A year later, Pessoa's brother also died.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

After the brother's death, Pessoa began receiving letters from a person named Chevalier de Pas.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

This was the first of the writer's many heteronyms.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

[1] The mother remarried, and in 1896 the family moved to Durban, South Africa, where Pessoa attended English-language schools.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

His Latin teacher was a major inspiration in Pessoa's consideration of a career as a writer for himself.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

In 1903, Pessoa attracts attention for the first time with his writings.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

His subject writing in the University of the Cape Entrance Examination won the Queen Victoria Memorial Prize.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

As a prize, he received a selection of English literature including Shakespeare and Tennyson.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

[2] At the age of 17, he returned to Lisbon to study literature, but his studies were interrupted by the student strike.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

To South Africa, he never returned again.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

With an inheritance from his grandmother, he established a publishing house and a printing company, which, however, soon became bankrupt.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

He then set about supporting himself as a commercial correspondent and language translator.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

[3] In 1912, Pessoa took up writing essays for the literary magazine A Águia.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

Essays are considered provocative.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

He got to know other artists of his generation and spent a lot of his time with these.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

Around this time, Pessoa wrote his erotic poem Epithalium as well as his reading play O Marinheiro.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

Around the same time, one of the most prominent Pessoa heteronyms, the neoclassicist poet Ricardo Reis, also emerged.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

For him, Pessoa created the background that Reis had fled for political reasons to Brazil and had been at a Jesuit school as a youth and graduated as a doctor.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

[4] In 1914, Pessoa experienced a deep depression, wrote a play and invented the heteronym Alberto Caeiro for himself.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

Caeiro was, according to Pessoa's account, a shepherd poet who had been orphaned at a young age.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

Caeiro lived in the countryside with his grandmother and had only attended national school.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

[5] Pessoa was active in the Orpheu group of artists that published a magazine of the same name and played a major role in the development of Portuguese modernism.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

The Orpheu Group magazine published poems written by Pessoa in English.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

In 1918 he sent poems he had written in English to be published in The Times as well as the Glasgow Herald newspapers.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

The poems are attracting interest in Britain.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

In 1920, Pessoa's mother and younger children return to Portugal and Pessoa moves in with them to live.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

Around the same time, the author experienced a brief love affair with Ophelia Queiroz.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

[6] In 1922, a new periodical, Contemporāena, published Pessoa's piece The Anarchist Banker in its May issue.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

The work tells the story of a cafe conversation between two anonymous people dealing with human selfishness and the impossibility of a system under construction in the Soviet Union.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

[7] In 1927, Pessoa gained his first public recognition when the young poet José Region declared him, in an article written for the Presença magazine, as the greatest master of his generation.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

The love affair with Ophelia revives but ends again as quickly as the previous time.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

[8] Occult and frontier knowledge fascinated Pessoa.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

British magician Aleister Crowley arrives in Lisbon to meet Pessoa in 1930, but he freakishly disappears in Cascais.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

The bizarre incident is attracting attention in the press, and Pessoa, who is blindsided with publicity, is forced to give an interview


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

Pessoa translated into Portuguese Crowley's poem Hymn to Pan and attempts one more third time a relationship with Ophelia.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

The third interval break remains final.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

[9] Pessoa died of cirrhosis of the liver at the age of 47.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

He had applied to the hospital the day before he passed away.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

His last words he wrote in English.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

In Finnish, they belong to “I don't know what tomorrow will bring.”


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

[10] In the possession of his friends, the writer's master left a coffin he had carefully guarded during his lifetime.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

When it opened after the writer's late, nearly 30,000 strips of manuscripts were found there.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

[11] As a person, Pessoa has been described, among other things, as a loner and publicity-avoiding, as well as a squatter of tattoos and a Portuguese midday diminutive ghost.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

He himself considered the purpose of his life dreaming.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

His greatest sorrows he had banished by opening a window into his own soul and when he had been required to talk about living, he did not listen.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

[12] Literary production Although Pessoa was a prolific writer, he published only one book of poetry during his lifetime, Mensagem, an epic and multifaceted depicting the mythical history of Portugal.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

Thanks to Mensagem, the conservative dictatorial regime at Estado Novo elevated Pessoa to the status of national writer.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

Later, Pessoa's anti-dictatorial texts have become well known.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

In addition to Mensagem, Pessoa published a few booklets of poems written in English during his lifetime, and because of his active newspaper writing, he was comparatively well known in his own day.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

Most of Pessoa's production has been published posthumously and comprises prose, essays, pamphlets and even decries in addition to poems.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

A peculiar feature of Pessoa's literary production is the use of heteronyms.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

A total of 72 heteronyms from Pessoa have been found.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

[13] He wrote the vast majority of his output under stage names, which developed into pseudo-persons with their own histories, character traits and writing styles.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

Alberto Caeiro, Ricardo Reisi, and Alvaro de Campos have traditionally been considered the most significant of these dozen authorship figures, but more recent research has also drawn attention to such figures as António Mora, Vicente Guedes, Alexander Search, and Bernardo Soares.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

The differentiated writer characters even argued with each other in the columns of magazines.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

In the finalised selection, the Hike of the Moments is accompanied by Alvaro de Campos's emotional obituary to the late Alberto Caeiro.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

With his heteronyms, Pessoa created a small literary universe in which the boundary between writer and literary character, reality and sepitty blended strongly, especially as the writer entered his literary game also himself by making writer Fernando Pessoa equal with heteronyms character's.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

The use of heteronyms provided Pessoa with the opportunity to explore the themes of self, existence, and writerhood that run throughout his productions.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

Finnish works Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Moment hiking| location = Helsing| publisher = Otava| year = 1974| version = Translated by Pentti Saaritsa| id = ISBN 951-1-01639-3}} 2nd edition 1993, ISBN 951-1-12839-6 Citation error, replace with {cite bookite | title = Anarchist banker| location = Helsinki| publisher = Andalusian dog| year = 1992| version=( O banqueiro anarquista, 1922.)


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

Translated by Sanna Pernu| id = ISBN 952-9691-02-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Book of restless| location = Helsinki| publisher = Andalusian dog| year = 1999| version = (Livro do desassossego por Bernardo Soares, 1982.)


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

Translation by Sanna Pernu.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

Illustration Priit Pärn| id = ISBN 952-9691-11-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = I'm not always the same: Poetry | location = Helsing| publisher = Otava| year = 2001| version = Selected and translated by Pentti Saaritsa| id = ISBN 951-1-16823-1}} Updated and expanded version From the hike of the moments.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

Me, always a guest.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

Translated by Janne Löppönen and Harry Salmenniemi.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

Helsinki: Artwork, 2016.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

ISBN 978-952-305-051-8; ISBN 978-952-305-052-5 (pdf).


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

Sources On the subject elsewhere Jukka Koskelainen: Helsingin sanomat 18.10.1992.


Question: What year is Harry Ricardo born?

Fernando Pessoa

Category:Portuguese writers Category:Portuguese poets Category:People born in 1888 Class:Dead in 1935


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

Kemi is a town in Finland located in the province of Lapland, in the Kemijoki delta.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

Kemi has a population (Error: Invalid time.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

), and has an area of km² (Error: Invalid time.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

), of which km² of land, km² of inland waters and the remaining km² of sea.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

[1] In terms of land area, Kemi is the smallest and most densely populated of the municipalities in the province of Lapland.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

Its neighbouring municipalities are Kaminmaa, Simo and Tornio.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

Kemi is the third largest municipality in Lapland province by population.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

The word kemi means a trampled meadow on which one can camp.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

In 2015, the city of Kemi and the municipalities of Keminmaa and Simon negotiated a merger into the new city of Kemi.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

The joint was scheduled to take place from the beginning of 2017.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

[2] The amalgamation proposal was approved by the municipal councils of Kemi and Simon, but rejected by the Keminmaa council.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

[3] History The city of Kemi was founded by a decree of the Imperial Majesty on March 5, 1869.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

The port of Kemi was established at the same time, and the city also received clap city rights, that is, rights to foreign trade.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

Even before the town rights, a woodworking industry had been established in Kemi (Laitakar steam sawmill in 1863).


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

After the city was founded, the Kemi region quickly grew to become one of the most significant concentrations of woodworking industry in Finland.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

Kemi Oy started operations in 1893, Kemi Oy's sulfite cellulose factory was started in 1919, Veitsiluoto Oy started operations by setting up a sawmill in Veitsiluoto district in 1922 and a cellulose factory in 1930.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

With the growth of industry, transport links also improved: the railway in 1902 and the airport in 1939.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

Kemi railway station remains an important rail transport hub.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

Until 1931 industrial plants and residential areas for working people were located in rural municipalities outside the city.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

In early 1931, the suburbs and their factories were annexed to the city and the town turned into an industrial and workers' town.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

The land area of the city rose from 5.8 square kilometres to 83.5 square kilometres.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

The population increased from 3543 to 16795.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

The current area of Kemi is less than 94 square kilometres, thus the smallest municipality in Northern Finland.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

During the Winter and Continuation Wars, the city of Kemi was spared from bombing, but in the Lapland War, the Germans blew up the bridges on the Kemijoki River and also tried to bring down Kemi City Hall by blowing three floors of it away from the lower part of the house.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

However, Kemi Town Hall, thanks to its exceptional elevator shafts, was so strong-structured that it did not fall down.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

In addition, Finnish soldiers had emptied the water tank that served as a water tower located on the upper floors of the house before blowing up.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

The Kemi Town Hall was refurbished and it was also later expanded.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

The post-war period was an uncertain time in Finland when a Communist coup was feared.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

The events in Kemi in 1949 were prompted by a strike at the Kemijoki swimming site.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

The strikes ended with the deaths of two people during a protest march on the blood Thursday of Kem on 18 August 1949.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

As the woodworking industry continued to expand into the paper and paperboard industry, Kemi grew into a city of nearly 30,000 inhabitants by the 1960s.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

Kemi was the second most important and largest of the cities in Northern Finland at the time, immediately after Oulu.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

In the 1970s, as automation reduced the need for industrial labour, and as the state concentrated its offices in the county capital Rovaniemi, Kemi's population took a marked decline.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

[4] Population trend The following graph shows the population trend of the town every five years since 1980.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

On 1 January 2017, the regional division used is in accordance with the situation.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

Conurbations At the end of 2017, Kemi had 21,256 inhabitants, of whom 20,951 lived in built-up areas, 97 in sparsely populated areas and the coordinates of the residence of 208 inhabitants were unknown.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

The agglomeration rate is calculated from residents whose residence coordinates are known; the built-up rate of Kemi is 99.5%.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

[5] The built-up population of Kemi is divided between three different agglomerations: [6] The city centre area is shown in bold.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

The agglomerations marked with an asterisk (*) belong to this city only partially.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

The central city of Kemi extends partly to the territory of the municipality of Keminmaa and in small parts to the city of Tornio.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

[6] In total, the central district of Kemi has 26,832 inhabitants and covers an area of 49.94 square kilometres.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

[7] Parishes According to the 2018 regional division, Kemi has the following parishes of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland: [8] Kemi Parish (ex.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

Kemi Urban Parish) of the parishes of the Finnish Orthodox Church in the Kemi region serves as the Oulu Orthodox Congregation.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

[9] Climate Region Kemi districts The city of Kemi is divided into six major regions, which in turn are divided into 16 statistical regions.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

The central Kemi sub-area, Sauvosaari, includes the Sauvosaari, Peurasaari and Karjalahti statistical areas.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

North of the centre is the Koivuharju sub-area, which includes the statistical areas Koivuharju, Karihaara and Paattio.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

In the eastern part of the city lies the Kiviko Sub-Region, which is formed by the Kiviko, Tervaharju and Nauska statistical regions.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

The Syvkankka Sub-Area is located southeast of the center and is formed by the Syväkankka, Takajärvi and Ritika statistical areas.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

The Hepola Sub-Area is the southernmost Kemi and includes the Hepola, Ajos and Rytikar statistical regions.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

The 6th Merikemi Subarea includes islands off Kemi, such as Backsäsaari and the archipelago of the Bothnian Sea National Park.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

The subarea includes only one statistical area of the same name.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

A total of 63 small areas have been allocated to the statistical areas.


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

[10] Business life Kemi is known as a traditional industrial town and the largest private employers in the city are Stora Enso's Veitsiluoto paper mill and the woodworking industries of Metsä Fibre and Finnforest in Karihaara (sawmill, Kemi pulp mill and Kemi board mill).


Question: What is the area of Kemi?

Kemi

A major industrial employer is also the Kemi Chromium Mine, owned by Outokumpu, located in Keminmaa in Elijärvi.


Question: What is the surface area of Kemi?

Kemi

The second northernmost deep harbour in Finland and a wind farm, which is important for commercial shipping, are located in Ajos.


Question: What is the surface area of Kemi?

Kemi

Kemi has raised its profile in the tourism industry in recent years.


Question: What is the surface area of Kemi?

Kemi

Some of the city's most famous tourist attractions include the Kemi Snowcastle, the icebreaker Sampo, the wind farm park, the Kemi Jewel Gallery and the inner harbour area of the city.


Question: What is the surface area of Kemi?

Kemi

Traffic through Kemi is via Highway 4 and the Oulu—Tornio line, between which there are Highway 29 and the Rovaniemi line.


Question: What is the surface area of Kemi?

Kemi

There is an airport in Kemi.


Question: What is the surface area of Kemi?

Kemi

Education in Kemi has developed into a diverse educational offering.


Question: What is the surface area of Kemi?

Kemi

There are five primary schools (including three middle schools) in Kemi, and Kemi Lyceum Secondary School and Kemi Adult Secondary School are located.


Question: What is the surface area of Kemi?

Kemi

The extensive vocational school is provided by units located in Kemi of Vocational College Lappia and Lapland University of Applied Sciences.


Question: What is the surface area of Kemi?

Kemi

The University of Lapland has had an office in Kemi since 1985: initially under the auspices of the Continuing Education Centre and since 1994 as a separate entity called Design and Business Services.


Question: What is the surface area of Kemi?

Kemi

In 1995, the University of Oulu established an Environmental Technology Research Centre in Kemi, where it cooperated with Meri-Lapland Studiokylä.


Question: What is the surface area of Kemi?

Kemi

In 1996, the Microelectronics Instrumentation Laboratory was established in the same premises.


Question: What is the surface area of Kemi?

Kemi

From the beginning of 1998, these units of the Universities of Lapland and Oulu merged into the Meri-Lappi Institute.


Question: What is the surface area of Kemi?

Kemi

Culture Kemi Cultural Centre brings together local cultural offerings.


Question: What is the surface area of Kemi?

Kemi

Its shelters include the City Library, Art Museum, History Museum, Music College, Civic College, and City Theatre.


Question: What is the surface area of Kemi?

Kemi

[11] Kemi also hosts music festivals during the summer, such as Satama Open Air, Alhonkaturock (2004—2010) and Rondelli for children.


Question: What is the surface area of Kemi?

Kemi

Power metal band Sonata Arctica's hometown is Kemi.


Question: What is the surface area of Kemi?

Kemi

Kemi's cartoon days have been a yearly tradition since 1981.


Question: What is the surface area of Kemi?

Kemi

Kemi Comic Book Days are organized by the Kemi Comic Book Centre.


Question: What is the surface area of Kemi?

Kemi

Museums Kemi Art Museum operates on the premises of the Cultural Centre.


Question: What is the surface area of Kemi?

Kemi

The Kemi Historical Museum was located until 2012 at Sauvosaarenkatu 11.


Question: What is the surface area of Kemi?

Kemi

The museum building was originally built for the Kemi Branch of the Nordic Bank of Finland in 1928 and the bank was based in the building until 1954.


Question: What is the surface area of Kemi?

Kemi

In addition to the bank, the house later also housed a main post office and a pharmacy.


Question: What is the surface area of Kemi?

Kemi

The building was occupied by the main library from 1954 to 1990.


Question: What is the surface area of Kemi?

Kemi

The History Museum operated in the house from spring 1993-2012.


Question: What is the surface area of Kemi?

Kemi

Since 2015, the museum is located in the Cultural Center.The museum hosts exhibitions of its own collections and various phenomena of culture. for housing.


Question: What is the surface area of Kemi?

Kemi

Media Kemi's main newspapers are the provincial newspaper Lapin Kansa and the free distribution magazine Southwest Lapland.


Question: What is the surface area of Kemi?

Kemi

In addition, Kemi is located Yle Radio Bothnian delivery.


Question: What is the surface area of Kemi?

Kemi

Sports PS Kemi played football in the men's main league level Veikkausliiga for three seasons from 2016 to 2018.


Question: What is the surface area of Kemi?

Kemi

After relegation from Veikkausliiga, Ps Kemi relegated directly to Division II, where will play the 2019 season.


Question: What is the surface area of Kemi?

Kemi

FC Kemi plays futsal in the Men's Futsal League.


Question: What is the surface area of Kemi?

Kemi

Futsal Team Kemi-Tornio (FTK) is a specialist futsal club from the Kemi and Tornio region founded in 1998.


Question: What is the surface area of Kemi?

Kemi

In the 2012—13 season, the FTK women's team plays in the Women's Futsal league.


Question: What is the surface area of Kemi?

Kemi

As a rule, the club plays its home matches in Haaparanna, Sweden.


Question: What is the surface area of Kemi?

Kemi

Politics Due to its powerful industrial history, there is a strong leftist tradition in Kemi.


Question: What is the surface area of Kemi?

Kemi

The current structure of the Kemi City Council is as follows: Left Alliance (15) Social Democratic Party of Finland (13) Centre of Finland (7) National Coalition (5) Performing Finns (2) Greens (1) Attractions The jewel gallery has a large collection of jewels.


Question: What is the surface area of Kemi?

Kemi

[12] There is, among other things, an aspect of the crown of the King of Finland according to the original drawings.


Question: What is the surface area of Kemi?

Kemi

Kemi Snow Castle was first built in 1996.


Question: What is the surface area of Kemi?

Kemi

The Kemi Art Museum exhibits art in Lapland in particular, and also hosts international exhibitions.


Question: What is the surface area of Kemi?

Kemi

The Neo-Gothic Kemi Church, designed by architect Josef Stenbäck, was completed in 1902.


Question: What is the surface area of Kemi?

Kemi

You can see the whole town of Kemi from the observation deck of the town hall.


Question: What is the surface area of Kemi?

Kemi

Tourist icebreaker Sampo Traditional Sailing Ship Jähti Historical Museum Mayors Mayor [13] Years [13] Olli Nylander1930-1956Risto Höltä1956-1966Taisto Johtein1967- 1980Juhani Leino1980-2000Kalervo Ukkola2000-2005Ossi Repo2006-2012Tero Nissinen2012- Friendships Luleå, Sweden Tromsø, Norway Wismar, Germany Newtownards, Northern Ireland Ringkøbing, Denmark Liptovský Mikuláš, Slovakia Volgograd, Russia Nacala, Mozambique Székesfehérvár, Hungary See also List of public artworks and monuments of Kemi Kemi Keminsaami Sources on the topic elsewhere * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The Coastal Soldier Association was founded on 3 November 1918 in Helsinki.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The Military Home Sisters have carried out women's voluntary national defence work for soldiers in garrisons, military homes, military exercises and during the wars fought by Finland all the way to the forefront.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The association's first working title was the Archipelago Soldiers' Christmas Gift Committee, which reflected the purpose and aim of voluntary relief work initiated by the ladies of Helsinki in times of severe deprivation.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The Committee subsequently evolved into the Coastal Soldiers' Maintenance Association (RSHY) in 1920, and in 1958 the name of the association was changed to the Coastal Soldiers Association (RSKY).


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Military Home Sisar is identified by the green color of the Military Home Sisters' clothing outfit inherited from the sared uniforms worn by Finnish ice kägers during the Civil War.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

They are still recognized by their green sister outfit.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Local Divisional Sisters are members of the RSKY The field of activity and work of the Coastal Soldier Home Association is not, like other registered military home associations operating as independent associations, tied to a single locality or garrison.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

All military home sisters of the coast are members of RSKY ry, but do sister work coordinated by their own unregistered local divisions.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Thus, the abolition of the garrison and the Sisters being placed among the local divisions of the military homeless can also be seen as a new operational challenge for the Coastal Soldier Home Association and its Hankoese member sisters.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Hanko Local Division is currently (2006) the oldest of RSKY's functioning local divisions.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The older branches of the association of Hanko in Vyborg, Sortavala, Käkisalmi and Lahdenbottomja have remained in the ceded areas.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Hankokin has been surrendered and evacuated, leaving the department's activities li copious years of interruptions and “exile” during the intermediate peace 1940—1941.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Military home for each fort The history of the Finnish Coastal Artillery tells of the establishment of the Local Branches of the Coastal Soldiers Maintenance Association, whose name was used earlier by the association, as follows: “At the actual meeting of the association, held in January 1920, it was decided not only Preparing Christmas cheer also in other ways to take care of the comfort of soldiers in the sphere of activity during their leisure hours.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The goal then became “a military home for every fort and every base.”


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The first local sections of the association were established already in 1920 in Sortavala and Vyborg and a little later in Käkisalmi, Hanko and Lahdenpohja.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Establishment of Hanko Local Department on 8 October 1924 An extract from the RSHY administration protocol on 29 October 1924 states that: “A branch division has been established in Hanko, which with considerable enthusiasm has begun its activities.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The Secretary will deliver the news to the newspapers and respond to information from Hanko's department.”


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Sister districts unregistered as independent military home associations that were part of the regional organisation were called at that time in the 1920s still branch divisions, but gradually came into use a designation department and then, starting in 1931, were relegated from the local districts of the RSHY and branch divisions are still referred to as subdivision or local division still in use.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

At this event, the Hanko Local Branch of the Coastal Soldier Association celebrates the 80th anniversary of its founding.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

According to the surviving First Year of Operations Report 1925, the branch division was established on 8 October 1924 as the Hanko Section of the Coastal Soldiers' Maintenance Association.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The machine-written Swedish minutes of 8 October 1924 of the founding meeting of the department in the then earthbound Hankolese Wigren café conditorium in Vuorikadu — the cinema in the building opposite Olympia — is despite the war melches and the time of evacuation in Hanko preserved.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

It is clear from the minutes that Inga Petäjäniemi was appointed Chair of the meeting, Dr. Gunnel Kumlin as Vice-President, Miss Aina Sacklen as Secretary, Mrs. Vilma Lindholm as Treasurer, and Dr. Karin Nordlin as the other members of the Board of Directors, and Mrs. Karin Nordlin and the lady of engineering Kiianlinna.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The report of the activities of the Hanko department for the first year of operation of 1925, drawn up in Finnish, has also been preserved as a handwritten copy.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Its text begins as follows: “Activity Report — The Hanko Section of the Coastal Soldiers' Maintenance Association was established 8 days.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

October 1924.”


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The report explains quite accurately the department's activities over the past year, including the fact that at its meeting on 24 September 1925, the Board of Trustees had chosen Anna Palmen to replace Miss Sacklen as Secretary and decided to hold an annual meeting on the 29th of the same month at City Hall.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The Activity Report is hand-written and signed by Secretary Anna Palmen.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

It is known from Inga Petäjäniemi, the first chairman of the Hanko department, that her husband Aarne Petäjäniemi was a Master of Philosophy from 1912 and then in 1924 a captain and the first chief of the Russarö fort, who also “faulted” from time to time the batterion Commander Major Olin.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The chiefs of the forts used playful and emblematic names of each other, which well reflected their isolated, monoteness and absolute superiorship over their island forts, which were under their military command than the fiefdoms of the former era.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Petäjäniemi is reported to have been the first “Prince of Russarö”.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Similarly, the “Duke of Örö” was Lieutenant Sarasto, the “County of Uö” was ruled by Lieutenant Hasselbladt and, as lord of the farthest Lyperö fort, was influenced by Iceman Captain Sandström.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

They ruled these “fiefdoms” often alone and without officerians.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

However, the memoirs of the time spirit do not mention anything about whether Inga Petäjänieme, the consort of the Prince of Russarö, was referred to as princess of Russarö respectively in the madam circles, and the consorts of the fiefdoms of other forts as duchess, countess, etc. Of course, as a legacy of Russian officers, the fortresses already had officers' clubs, bowling alleys, billiard tables, etc., and most certainly there were also schlugs and other card groups closed to bystanders.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

It should be remembered that all club, café and socialite activities at the time were governed by the Prohibition Act in force at the time.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Prohibition had taken effect on 1 June 1919 and did not expire until 5 April 1932.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Established on 1 August 1921, Turku Einte Patteristo received its first “own” coastal artillery officers on the last day of March 1922, when three newly baked Finnish Army Vänriks entered service from the cadet school.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

In the beginning, the Society's timber and officers' ladies had access to a room or corner in some barracks, which they refurbished as a place for free time for conscripts serving as conscripts.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The Helsing-based association commissioned newspapers and magazines, books and other entertainment.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The next form of the association's activities was the establishment of so-called reading tubes for bastions, the first of which was opened in July 1923 at Örö fort in the Hanko patteristo area.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

In the same year, a reading room was also opened in Russarö.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The coffee corners of the chapters maintained by the Association can therefore be regarded as the historical corners which created the conditions for the establishment and construction of actual fort military homes and canteens in the outermost bastion islands.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Names jungle Organisational terminology has been quite varied over the past 80 years for associations, organisations and different communities.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

As an example, name terms and year numbers used for the military home units of the RSHY regional organization: Sortavala branch division 1921-30, Sortavala local division 1931-45, Ladoga 5th block, Hanko branch division 1924—1930, Hanko Local Division 1931—1940 (the department ceased operations after the Winter War 1940, when Hanko was handed over to the Soviet Union), during the Continuation War 1941—1944 the Hanko area was referred to as Hanko Oblast until 1948, since more than half a hundred front soldier homes operated briefly among the troops guarding the Hanko motti, e.g.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

the Swedish Volunteers own Swedish Military Home.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Further name terms: Hanko Local Division 1949, Hanko District 1950—1954, as a whole new term Hanko Subdivision 1955—1957, and then from 1958 onwards again Hanko Local Division.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

During the Winter and Continuation War, the entire nationwide organization of military home operations underwent quite a few changes.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The Military Home Alliance led operations throughout the kingdom, as it does today.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

However, during the war, the military home centre bodies, or SKES, served as a sub-line. The forces involved in guarding the borders of the Hanko mot — which had been handed over to the Soviet Union as a naval and air base after the Winter War in 1941. generous 70 military homes and canteen.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

They were all by no means coastal military homes, although operating under the Hanko region title.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The inscription of military sister Eija Paananen speaks well about the extent of coastal soldier home operations during the wars.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

He recounts: “In addition to fixed military homes, the Coastal Soldier Home Association had hundreds of outlets and canteens on the Ladoga and Syyr front lines, to which President Anna-Liisa Rewell (RSKY pj 1929—1962) made an association with the energetic housekeeper Fanny Ohtola inspection trips.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Chairmen of Hanko Department in the history book of RSKY 1918—1993 records the chairmen of the local branches in Hanko, although only from 1933 onwards, and this “late date” stems from the fact that the Hanko branch operated in its early years as an independent within the RSHY district as a military home association along the lines of the associations of Vyborg, Sortavala and Lahdenpohja until 1933, when all of them, as still independent military home associations, became members of the Military Home Association.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

RSHY Association.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

had joined the Military Home League as early as 1927.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The reason that some distant branches of the RSHY in Helsinki in Karelia and Hanko operated as independent associations at the time is unknown, but the substantial government grants received by the military home associations at the time may have played a role in the matter.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

It was distributed only to independent associations.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The sister districts, branches, subdivisions and local departments that have carried out voluntary and unpaid organised sister work in coastal military homes and canteens, in principle, at least in terms of establishment time, have their own somewhat divergence. their history, although the field of work has been the same.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Literature sheds and military homes run and operated by the Coastal Soldiers' Maintenance Association with hired finances have been in operation at forts and coastal localities since before the emergence of local voluntary sister-working departments.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Efforts have been made to maintain fort soldier homes in spite of their unprofitability even in the most remote places, and even small camp exercises have resulted in a camp soldier home or commissary.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

This has been made possible by voluntary unpaid sister work.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

In addition, the Coastal Soldier Home Sisters have participated widely in sister duty at military homes, forts and exercises of other troop detachments Sustainable organisation from the stages of RSKY's history can be noted as relating to the activities and organisation of the Coastal Soldier Home Association peculiarity.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The association does not conduct military home activities as local registered associations, but functions as decentralized local sections throughout the long coast.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

This flexible and community-free form of organisation has demonstrated its effectiveness in wartime and peacetime forces alike.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

It has endured heavy territory renditions and sizeable troop and garrison reorganizations.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

In times of crisis and when the situation so demanded, the Coastal Soldiers' Home Association has always been able to trample military home offices and services where the Defence Forces have needed them at any given time.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

RSKY Vice-President Eija Paananen in his writing “85 years of military domestic work on the coast and archipelago” (UUDSLE, annual publication 2003) clarified the association's domain and organisation as follows: “The domain of the Coastal Soldier Association covers the deployments of naval forces divisions in accordance with the coast all the way from Rauma to Kotka.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The local divisions of Bothnian Sea, Turku, Hanko, Upinniemi, Suomenlinna, Loviisa and Kyminlinna form an association with approx.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

500 volunteer members.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The association has operations in 10 military homes and two ship canteens.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Employed by RSKY at the time the article was written (v.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

2003) 37 salaried employees”.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Colonel Helfrid Olin on the occasion of celebrating its 15th anniversary in 1936 — then known as 1.Separate Coastal Artillery Patteristo — wrote Military Pastor E Alitalo about the main factors relating to the soulcare and training of soldiers as follows: “... in Bland dessa vänner ville jag först och främst nämna Föreningen för Kustsoldaternas väl, Hangö avdelning.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Med tacksamhet minnas sektionen f.d.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

och nu i tjänst varande värnpliktiga det arbete, som nämnda förening dem till godo utfört.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Och i denna tacksamhet instämma säkert även de värnpliktigas föräldrar.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Ett bevis för denna de värnplikitigas tacksamhet var den stora, vackra rosenkrans, som nyligen av de värnpliktiga nedlades på överstinnan Olins grav, hon, som så många år med kärlek arbetat för kustsoldaterna.”


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

We know almost nothing about the perennial military domestic work of Colonel Helfrid Olin, o.s. Forsberg.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

According to church records, she had been ordained by marriage to ensign Jarl Christer Olin in 1919 and that she moved in 1926 from Hittis to Hanko, where she already died on 23 June 1936.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The move probably took place when the Patteristo Staff and Commander moved from Örö to Hanko in 1926, so a couple of years after the Military Home Sisters Department had been established in Hanko.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The first reading room of the RSHY — the predecessor of the military home — was established in July 1923 on the Örö fort west of Bengtskär lighthouse island.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

In the same year, a reading room was also opened at Russarö fort.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

We know from the troop section history of Hanko's Coastal Patteristo that the troops of the Turku Separate Patteristo, founded on 1 August 1921, are all initially operating from 1918 onwards at Örö fort, ca.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

35 km west of Hanko on a large and scenic fort island belonging to Hittis.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

In the winter of 1922, Russarö fort received only its first battery occupation when the newly formed patteriston 1.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The radiator marched on the ice that 40—50 km long distance from Örö to Russarö.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Patteristo's staff was then located at Örö fort.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Patteristo's first commanding officer was until 1923, Captain Nylund.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

After him, the commander became Jarl Christer Olin, who served as the commander of the batterion continuously for 17 years.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

In 1926, Patteristo's staff moved from Örö to Hanko.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

As well as the Finnish Army, military homes fell into business during the wars.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Much of the coastal soldier homes were located on outdoor forts, which as soon as war broke out were forced to serve as front homes.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

These fixed military homes of coastal forts and mainland garrisons served from the outset as central homes, from which operations were extended to the archipelago and terrain as small “war nests”.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Here in the Hanko region, seven military homes operated during the Winter War.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

After the Winter War, Hanko and surrounding areas were evacuated and handed over to the Soviet Union as a military base in March 1940.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The 20th Anniversary History of Military Housework from 1941 tells of this as follows: “In the West, the RSHY had to abandon the large home of Russarö on the block of Hanko, as well as Gunnarstrand, Breidablick and villa Corsica which had operated in the city of Hanko, as well as three military homes placed in accommodation .


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Lappohja had its own military home building, as well as a beautiful and new barrack home built on the island of Hästö-Busö during the Winter War.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The Association lost a total of 106 sites and military homes in the Winter War, of which the Association had owned 12 buildings.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The Hanko Local Association ceased its activities immediately after the intermediate peace was concluded.”


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

“After the outbreak of the Continuation War, the number of coastal sisters grew with volunteers already in the first year of war 1941 to another thousand, remained the same for the duration of the war and decreased again when peace returned to pre-war levels.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

In 1945, the RSHY had a membership of 580 sisters”.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The Russians evacuated Hanko base by sea to Kronstadt in early December 1941 and when Finnish troops took over the mined and booby-trapped Hanko also came military homes with the first troops back to Hanko, stationed at their former sites.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The extent of the RSHY's wartime activities as the northernmost, westernmost, southernmost and easternmost military home of the Reich are described by the history book as follows: “At the end of 1941, the RSHY's military home network had been made to expand throughout the long maritime border from the Gulf of North to the Baltic Sea, the Gulf of Finland, Ladoga and Syyr via Voiced.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The association had the northernmost, westernmost, southernmost and easternmost military home offices in the country, including the commissaries on board the Petsamo guard ships.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The total number of military home offices in the Coastal Force District was 550; 339 military homes, 10 itinerant homes and 201 maintenance sites.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

In order to secure access to bakery products, the Society established its own bakeries within the central homes, which were already in operation at the end of the first year of war 12".


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Military Home of Minesweepers After the war hundreds of military homes were forced to shut down, but the association's activities did not disable.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Military homes were maintained despite unprofitability and new ones were opened here and there according to local need and possible.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

V.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

1945 The RSHY was tasked with taking care of the amenity of minesweepers.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

This, alongside actual military domestic work, became one of the most important forms of association employment since the war years.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

One of the centers of this work served as the central home of Hanko.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The military home sisters of Hanko acted with particular distinction in favour of Finns returned from prisoner detention during and after the Continuation War at the prisoner repatriation camp located in Tulliniemi, Hanko.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

In the 1970s, the Prisoner of War Association visited Hanko and the Finnish soldiers who were in prisoner of war paid their thanks to the local branch of Hanko for the work the military home sisters had done for them by distributing clothes and other things they desperately needed. supplies they need.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

As a thank you, the POW Association handed over literature to the local section.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Building projects come to fruition In 1948, by the time the association turned 30 years, operations had already almost returned to their peacetime countries.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

In many ways, the association was able to experience how value was given to its activities by both the officers and the crew.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

In this same year, the association also received the Suomenlinna Military Home.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The association's project of obtaining a new modern military home to replace the burnt military home at Russarö fort came to fruition in 1950.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

After the end of the wars, the activities of the Military Home Alliance returned to peacetime forms.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

In this case, cooperation with the Defence Administration was emphasized.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Military homes operate in their own respects in incomplete and cramped spaces.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Particularly significant was the case of the Ministry of Defence and the Military Home Union v.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

1956 an agreement entered into by which the Ministry undertook to build military homes in connection with garrison reforms.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Today, military homes are in good condition in renovated premises.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Military home associations have received rights and benefits from the Defense Administration over the years, which include exclusive rights in garrisons and exercises, access to facilities without compensation, and vehicle-related transportation, maintenance and repair services.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The benefits granted safeguard the playing field for military homes.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Sisters in many involved The success of military home operations has required a strong effort from the union and associations to educate their members and employees and develop the entire operation.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Work needs to keep track of its time as youth expectations change.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The Military Home Alliance has succeeded excellently in that.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

While coffee and monk remain staple products of military homes, it has been forced to bet on new products as well.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The Military Home Federation is the oldest national defence organisation in Finland, which, in addition to its main role, is actively involved in developing voluntary national defence training and creating women's crisis-time capacities.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The number of members of the Federation is currently approx.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal Patient Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The 7,500 sisters and paid staff is just under 300 and volunteer hours done by its members exceeds 230,000.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal War Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Born, raised and developed alongside the Defence Force, the RSKY's activities in the past 85 years have seen a record of crystallising into prescribed forms, but despite wars, shortages and changes in society, the activities of the Green Sisters of the Coast have not lagged behind development.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal War Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The level of service in the military homes operated by the Association is tremendously diverse today, including, in addition to traditional coffee monks, library and other commissary services, among others.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal War Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

the most modern computer equipment with Internet access.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal War Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The association has been born, grown and developed alongside the Defence Forces as a voluntary work for the servicemen of women, and it will certainly work in the future.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal War Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

RSKY's Turku local division at Örö fort opened a reading room in July 1923.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal War Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

From that began regular military home operations in the southwestern archipelago.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal War Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Under the Winter War, the Coastal Soldiers' Maintenance Association established the Pansio Military Home in Turku.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal War Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The independent operation of the RSHY Turku District began practically in August 1940.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal War Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Military home operations served by naval forces expanded in the city of Turku and started in the vast southwestern archipelago and in the Bothnian Sea region.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal War Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The Turku Local Department, though, calculates that its activities began in February 1941, when the Central Military Home started in Turku.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal War Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

During the Continuation War, RSHY's Turku District maintained numerous military homes in its extensive area of operations, also initiated Åland military domestic work, and extended its operations as far as the outermost outposts.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal War Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

After the wars, the Turku district of the Coastal Soldiers' Maintenance Association conducted military home operations in difficult conditions in the city of Turku and throughout the vast archipelago.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal War Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Military homes were of particular importance in the heavy minesweeping operation.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal War Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

In 1956, Turku District was divided into the local wards of Turku, Uusikaupunki and Rauma.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal War Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The Turku Local Branch has served faithfully in all the numerous offices where the Navy and coastal artillery have been based.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal War Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Over the decades, the grouping of the Maritime Defence Force has changed several times.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal War Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

In the 1970s and 1980s, the activity was marked by large exercises held in the archipelago with camp soldier homes.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal War Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

As age grades become smaller, traditional military home work continues in camps and garrisons.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal War Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

The sisters have performed voluntary national defense work by participating in other activities of the society.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal War Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

By the end of 2005, the Navy has gradually reduced its operations, especially in the archipelago.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal War Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Pansio and Gyltö have remained fixed seats in the Turku Local Department.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal War Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

However, the Turku Local Branch of the Coastal Soldier Association and the preceding Turku District has always been and remains the largest area of activity of the Coastal Soldiers Association and also the most challenging area.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal War Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Sources This text was based on a presentation given by Major Ret Kaarle Lange at the 80th anniversary of RSKY's Hanko Local Branch at Hanko City Hall on 31 October 2004.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal War Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Used as the sources of the presentation e.g.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal War Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Author's own notes, 1.ERRTPSto 1921—36 (Puromies Print Hki 1936), RSHY 1918—58 (SKK Hki 1958), Military Home Sisars in War (Tekstitaso Oy Tampere 2003), Finnish Artillery School (SRKP Pieksämäki 1957), Finnish Coastal Artillery (RTUy Helsinki 1959), RSKY 1918—93 (Visa Auvinen Turku 1993), Military home work on our borders (PunaMusta Joensuu 1996), Hanko cafes, canteens... (Tammisaari book 1994), 20 years of military domestic work 1921—41 (Helmi Virkkunen Helsinki 1941), Maija Lyytikäinen: 75 years of military home work in Hanko (UUDSle annual publication 1999), Eija Paananen: 85 years of military domestic work on the coast and archipelago (Uudsle annual publication 2003), “Archive box” in Russarö, Hanko local department.


Question: For what purpose was the Coastal War Home Association founded?

Coastal Patient Home

Manuscript by Erkki Marttila “The Indomitable Green Sisters — Turku Local Division of RSKY 1940—2005" Category:Finnish national defence organisations


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

The murder of Oscar Geffert was a murder committed on 12 June 1906 in Muolaa Keeper on the Karelian Isthmus in connection with a violent robbery.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

The robbery murder was sentenced to life imprisonment by two local workmen with ties to the Red Guards.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

Geffert's murder resurfaced a year later in September 1907, when the numerous acts of violence and disturbances that occurred in the Grand Duchy of Finland between 1906 and 1907 were discussed in Parliament.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

At the time, the murderers were also alleged to be anarchists and suspected, in addition to the Red Guard, of links to the activist organization Karelian People's Mahti.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

[1] Oscar Geffert Fredrik Oscar Geffert was born in Pori on 21 November 1863.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

Geffert studied for four years at the upper elementary school in Pori and started the Turku business school in 1890.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

After graduating, he initially worked as a branch officer for the Reposaari steam sawmill in Pori, from which soon transferred to A. Ahlström Oy.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

For the last twenty years before his death, Geffert worked as manager of the Suursaari sawmill in Ahlström in Pölläkkälä.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

[2] Oscar Geffert is buried in Vyborg in Sorval Cemetery.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

[3] His son was the iceman captain Birger Geffert.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

Geffert's death Taustaan A. Ahlström director Walter Ahlström and procurist W. Mäkelä had arrived from the company's Noormarku headquarters at the Suursaari sawmill the day before the robbery murder, on 11 June.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

The purpose of the trip was to see the place of the swimming canal between Helisevänjärvi in Räisälä and Vuoksen and the purchase of land required by it.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

[4] Ahlström and Mäkelä were originally supposed to travel from Suursaari sawmill to Rääälää on Monday evening, but for some reason the date was postponed to Tuesday morning.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

At the same time, it was decided to take a horse ride from the ferry beach of the village of Vuosalmi, where the men from the sawmill located a few kilometres away were transported by the company's own steamer.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

The journey from Vuosalmi began at 6:30 on Tuesday morning.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

In addition to Ahlström, Mäkelä and Geffert, the company's forest casörer W. Snäll and driver Otto Tiirikainen were involved.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

Ahlström and Geffert travelled in four-wheeled carts carried by Tiirikainen, with Snäll and Mäkelä following in their own strollers.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

[4] Robbery murder After travelling about 11 kilometres, the men were ambushed at Vendelä Crown Park a couple of kilometres before the village of Oravankydö.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

The site had been chosen as the site of a stretch of hilly terrain, on which the road was flanked by tall spruce trees.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

The robbers had made three shooting positions on the right side of the road about 15 metres apart.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

When the shooting started, Snäll and Mäkelä's horse became so mangled that it passed the buggies ahead of them and fell a few hundred yards away dead to the ground.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

The horse, guided by Otto Tiirikainen, in turn, also died on the highway a hundred yards from the site of the robbery.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

Snäll and Mäkelä fled to Oravankyö, from where Mäkelä continued on a horse ride to Rääälää.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

Tiirikainen also managed to reach Oravankyö unharmed, from where he soon returned with Snäll to the scene of the robbery, after taking a few men with him.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

[4] Oscar Geffert was hit by at least four rifle bullets, one of which hit the back of the head.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

Her body was later found 30 metres away in woods where it had been pulled from the road.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

After the shelling began, Walter Ahlström sought shelter in a ditch and fled there further into the dense forest.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

He also went towards Oravankydö at first, but soon turned to the road to Antrea.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

Ahlström received a horse along the way and continued his journey through the village of Kaskiselä to the church village of Antrea, where he arrived at half past twelve.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

Ahlström sent a doctor, a titular man and two policemen on a steamboat to Vuosalme, but remained in Antrea himself.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

Later in the evening, a man named in Muola and two police officers from Vyborg arrived at the crime scene.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

In addition to rifle casings, a nearly new Hackman knife was found at the scene, which had belonged to one of the attackers.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

[4] The attackers received only a small sum of money and a gold watch from Geffert.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

[5] A larger amount of money was held by Snell, who escaped.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

[6] Walter Ahlström's daughter Maire Gullichsen, born a year after the incident, has said that her father was so upset about what happened that she suffered serious heart problems, among other things.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

Ahlström travelled with his spouse to recuperate to the spa town of Karlsbad in Bohemia.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

[7] First investigations During the robbery, a lockout was under way at the Suurpää sawmill, after the employees had demanded the dismissal of the unpopular procurist Mäkelä.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

[8] Geffert had already sacked 400 striking workmen the previous winter, [9] for which the perpetrators were suspected to be found among them.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

[10] He had received various threats in the past because of the redundancies.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

[11] However, Juho Savinainen, who was considered a vagrant, and Matti Poutanen, a working man from Parikkala, were captured as suspects.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

[4] However, they were quickly released because both were able to prove they were elsewhere at the time of the robbery murder.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

About a week after the incident, a reward of 5,000 marks was promised for a tip leading to the perpetrators” trail.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

At the same time, a letter arrived at the Uura branch in Ahlström, in which four people from Vyborg registered as authors.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

They said they were planning another attack and also claimed they were not part of the Red Guards, the Labour Association or any other organisation.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

[12] In addition to the Vyborg police officers, two officers from Ahlström's native city of Pori and Helsinki-based Professor Allan Serlachius, a Helsinki expert hired by the company.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

[13] A knife and shell casings used by one of the attackers were found at the scene, matching rifles held by the Red Guards.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

[14] A couple of weeks after the murder, police arrested two workmen from the Suursaari sawmill, Albin Hämäläinen, about 50 years old, and Reinhold Hyvärinen, a slightly younger person.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

In December 1905, Hämäläinen had applied to Sakkola Red Guard five so-called Grafton rifles and even later in April three rifles for the Red Guard at Muola.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

The day before the robbery murder, he had visited the Suursaari sawmill branch and met both Geffert and Ahlström there.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

[15] Hämäläinen and Hyvärinen were members of the Pölläkkälä Workers' Association, which led to a people's assembly of more than 200 people in the village on 27 June.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

In it, the authorities demanded an explanation of the reasons for their detention.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

The meeting also claimed that the victims of the robbery would have had a mutual dispute and the shooter would be Walter Ahlström.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

[16] In addition, the social democratic press later made an allegation of a Russian far-right organisation called “Black Sotnias”, by which an attempt was made to frame the labour movement as the culprit for Geffert's murder.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

The organization had become famous in July 1906 after the assassination of Russian-Jewish politician Mikhail Herzenstein in Terijoki.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

On 8 July, another meeting was held at the Pölläkkälä Workers' House, this time attended by up to 600—700 people.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

The declaration continued to call for the release of Hämäläinen and Hyvärinen, who were considered innocent.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

[1] The trial in the murder trial revealed that the robbery was apparently planned at the house of the Pöllkälä Workers' Association.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

It was chaired at the time by Gabriel Korpela, who was also alleged to have been involved in planning the attack.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

In addition, Matti Autio, an agitator of the workers' movement in Vyborg, was suspected of staying in the vicinity of the scene during the robbery murder.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

The weapons used in the robbery were so-called Grafton rifles stored at the Workers' House, which the Karelian People's Might Organisation had obtained from bourgeois activists the previous autumn.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

Originally they had been smuggled into the country aboard the SS John Grafton ship.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

Hämäläinen and Hyvärinen were eventually sentenced to life imprisonment.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

[1] Later, in the robbery murder trial of the Suik couple in February 1907, Juho Savinainen reported that he shot Geffert.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

[9] According to him, the robbery was carried out by a group of five, of whom Savinainen named two other men besides herself.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

The cause of the robbery of the Popoff couple in September 1906, he in turn reported to have been the publishing of the legal expenses of the men charged with Geffert's murder.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

However, Savinainen's confessions were apparently intended solely to confuse her own trial, since Savinainen had previously shown herself to maintain an alibi for the time of Geffert's murder.


Question: Where was Oscar Geffert born?

Murder of Oscar Geffert

[17] Sources Coordinates: Category:Criminal history of the Grand Duchy of Finland Category:Murders in Finland Category:1906 Class:Muolaa


Question: How many moons does Mars have?

Mars moons

Mars has two known moons with names like Phobos and Deimos.


Question: How many moons does Mars have?

Mars moons

They were discovered by Asaph Hall in 1877.


Question: How many moons does Mars have?

Mars moons

Both of the moons are so small that their gravity doesn't shape them to be round.


Question: How many moons does Mars have?

Mars moons

That's why they're irregularly shaped.


Question: How many moons does Mars have?

Mars moons

Genesis According to one traditional view, the moons of Mars would be intercepted asteroids, [1] [2] [3] an idea supported by the asteroid-like appearance of the moons.


Question: How many moons does Mars have?

Mars moons

The low density of the moons is of the same order as that of some asteroids.


Question: How many moons does Mars have?

Mars moons

On the other hand, Mars is also located inside the asteroid belt.


Question: How many moons does Mars have?

Mars moons

According to the theory put forward by Pascal Rosenbatt, the moons of Mars were created when a large celestial body struck Mars [4].


Question: How many moons does Mars have?

Mars moons

The impact catapulted a large amount of matter into the orbit of Mars, from which two moons accumulated.


Question: How many moons does Mars have?

Mars moons

In this case, the birth habit of Mars's moons would somewhat resemble that of Earth's Moon.


Question: How many moons does Mars have?

Mars moons

According to current measurements, the moons of Mars do not resemble D-type asteroids [4] as previously thought.


Question: How many moons does Mars have?

Mars moons

[5] Table Name Number ImageMean diameter (km) Mass (kg) Medium radius of orbit (km) Rotation time (h) DiscoveryPhoboS22.2 (27 × 21.6 × 18.8) 1.08169 3807,661877deimosii12,6 (10 × 12 × 16) 1,481523 46030,351877 Sources References *


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

Unblack metal (or Christian black metal) is a term used to describe such musically black metal sounding bands whose imagery and lyrics represent Christianity.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

[1] It is seen more as an ideology than a subgenre, it has no way of calling black metal christianly.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

Such ensembles are controversial mainly because many pioneers of black metal, especially those of the second wave, wanted to encourage hostile attitudes towards Christianity.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

It has been argued that Christian ideas are contrasted with the dark nature of black metal and the misanthropic ideas of some bands.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

[2] The first Christian black metal albums were Martyrium (1994) by Norwegian band Antestor and Hellig Usvart, released in the same year by Australian band Horde, which brought the concept and term unblack metal (a pun on the slogan of Darkthrone “unholy black metal" [3]) to the knowledge of the media.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

[4] The peculiarities of unblack metal are seen as an ideology whose lyrics and imagery present Christianity in a positive light.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

Unblack metal is not a subgenre, it doesn't have any definite style to play black metal in a Christian way.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

Thus, Christian black metal makes use of black metal's cracking guitars, glitter screeches, fast-paced rhythms and melodies, and unusual song structures.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

Rockdetector's Garry Sharpe-Young explains in his encyclopedia A-Z of Black Metal that “to top it all off, there are Christian 'unblack' bands that, with all intentions and purposes, look and sound like black metal and make use of the same catalogue, but very difficult to understand The growl song and crack are the proclamations of Jesus Christ.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

“[5] Some unblack bands write lyrics that specifically attack Satanism, for example Horde.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

[6] Topics like this one dominated Christian black metal circles for years.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

[7] South American Christian black metal circles are known for their exceptionally subversive and highly anti-Satanic lyrics.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

[8] In the late 1990s, bands began writing more philosophical and idealogical lyrics, often dealing with conversion, salvation, struggling with faith, and Bible verses.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

[9] History Background By the 1970s, the occult had become a fashion craze inspired by the lyrics of early metal bands.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

In the early 1980s, some ensembles dealt with such topics more bluntly, including Venom, Mercyful Fate and Bathory.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

In the mid-1980s, metal music was divided into numerous subgenres, with one species named black metal after the Venom album of the same name.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

In the 1980s, this term was more widely encompassed when it meant all “satanic” metal bands.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

[10] Although “Christian metal connections” had existed since the late 1970s, a clear contrast with black metal emerged in 1984 when Chicagoan doom metal band Trouble released an album on biblical topics, Psalm 9.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

Metal Blade Records marketed the band as “white metal” as opposed to black metal.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

Singer Eric Wagner backgrounds one piece that “I got a Catholic upbringing, and you have to remember that in the early 1980s, all metal was a bit satanic, and I didn't like it.”


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

He suggests that Metal Blade (or owner Brian Slagel) fabricated the entire beginning of the term: “I think Metal Blade was trying rather to be cute or something that 'when everything [satanic metal] was once called black metal, then why not call Trouble white metal', which is sheer rubbish.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

“[11] Although there were Christian extreme metal connections in the late 1980s and early 1990s, it was not until 1994 that the concept of “Christian black metal” emerged.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

The 1990s album by Australian band Horde Hellig Usvart, released by Nuclear Blast Records in 1994, is often regarded as the first Christian black metal album.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

Horde's only member Anonymous said himself that “there were similar bands before Horde, even in Norway" [3] meaning Antestor, formed in 1990, although before 1993 it played death-doom metal under the name Crush Evil.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

Antestor's first-born album Martyrium was recorded in 1994.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

According to “Nicolaus” of the Pantokrator band, it was Antestor and Horde who started Christian black metal.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

[12] According to HM magazine, the progressive ingredients of the Martyrium album such as keyboards, piano and opera-like female vocals were ahead of their time in extreme metal circles in Norway.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

[13] The band caused a stir in the local black metal hobbyist community: Mayhem band Euronymous, who held a leading position in the notorious circles of the industry, had intended to block Crush Evil from operating.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

[14] However, Varg Vikernes killed Euronymous in 1993, so the band was spared.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

Hellig Usvart caused plenty of stir in black metal circles, and enthusiasts of the style sent death threats to Nuclear Blast Records' headquarters, demanding the company reveal the names of the band members.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

The only actual member was former Mortification and Paramaecium drummer Jayson Sherlock.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

[15] “Hellig Usvart” means “sacred unblack” in the Norwegian language, and the term “holy unblack metal” is used on the album.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

The term is, according to Sherlock, a pun on the “unholy black metal” slogan of the band Darkthrone.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

[3] Despite its humorous nature, some Christian metal enthusiasts began to refer to Christian black metal as “unblack metal”.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

According to Sherlock, Hellig Usvart was not intended for Christian metal enthusiasts who just adopted the album as their own, but for black metal enthusiasts as a positive alternative to the style's destructive message.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

[12] Founded in 1995 in Sweden, Admonish became known for being among the first to name themselves as a Christian black metal band.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

[16] This caused widespread debate in black metal circles and prompted an enthusiast to soon set up an anti-Admonish homepage.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

[16] The band did not even release a demo until 2005, but nevertheless in the 1990s Metal Hammer magazine referred to Admonish in one of their black metal specials as “one of the leading Christian black metal bands.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

[16] After 1995, numerous bands across the world successively released their recordings, including Kekal and Beliah.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

Kekal is, according to Eduardo Rivadavia, author of All Music Guide, “one of the first metal bands from Jakarta, Indonesia to achieve international recognition, and they are possibly the first to practice Christianity while playing black metal.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

“[17] Brazil's first Christian black metal band was Azbuk, and in Armenia a similar position was Blood Covenant.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

Antestor's album The Return of the Black Death proved influential on Christian black metal circles.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

The album was released in 1998 on Cacophonous Records, one of the world's largest black metal record labels, which had released records from such successful bands as Cradle of Filth and Dimmu Borgir.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

[18] The album received 4 points out of 5 in Kerrang!


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

from and Terrorizer, two major British metal music magazines.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

[19] Matt Morrow of The Whipping Post writes that “Antestor's The Return of the Black Death is exactly what Christian black metal circles needed.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

“[20] 2000s According to Phil Powell of online magazine Screams of Abel in the late 1990s and early 2000s, “the international number of Christian black metal bands grew exponentially”, and black metal “seemed to be the fastest-growing genre in Christian metal circles”.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

[21] Swedish artists Crimson Moonlight and Sanctifica, Norwegian Vaakevandring and Drottnar, and Finnish Mordecai released their studio recordings and gained attention as well as recognition in non-Christian circles.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

[22] According to Allmusic, the album Solace (2000) by the band Lengsel received critical acclaim.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

[23] While unblack circles may not be part of black metal circles, musicians of both trends have collaborated.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

Dimmu Borgir's keyboardist Stian Aarstad produced Vaakevandring's title EP Vaakevandring in 1999, [24] and Mayhem's Jan Axel Blomberg played drums on Antestor's album The Forsaken in 2005.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

[25] Today, the trend is influenced by a number of bands representing more traditional raw and more rugged black metal styles such as Abdijah, Light Shall Prevail, Offerblod, Arch of Thorns, Flaskavsae, Elgibbor, Repentance, Antivenom, Bedeiah, Dormant, Firethrone and numerous others who have contracts with record labels specializing in the style, such as Sullen Records [26] and EEE Recordings among others.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

Popularity and attention in the media Christian black metal bands have not achieved significant mainstream success in the music world.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

However, some bands such as Antestor, Frosthardr and Crimson Moonlight have played at the annual Cornerstone Festival, in Bushnell, Illinois, one of the largest Christian music festivals in the world.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

The horde's black metal parody rumble brought the concept of “Christian black metal” to the knowledge of the media as early as 1995: for example, Norwegian newspaper Morgenbladet published an article on the subject entitled “Musikkopp-ned oppnedkors!”


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

[4] The author of the article describes that “Horde's album is a stark satire of the Norwegian black metal trend.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

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“[4] The same article also mentions Norwegian Antestor, and singer Kjetil Molnes explains: “We identify our band with black metal as a musical style, not as an idea or an outlook on life.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

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“[4] In the 2000s, the bands Admonish and Frosthardr have gained media attention: Admonish's musician twins Emil (guitar) and Jonas Karlsson (bass) performed at Pimp My Ride International on October 6, 2006. In the program, the twins promoted their band and Admonish's music was played.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

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[27] [28] Frosthardr, by contrast, was featured in the 2007 documentary programme Murder Music — Black Metal.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

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The band was interviewed for a minute and the members brought a Christian perspective to the issue.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

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[29] Swedish Mayhem documentarist Stefan Rydehed made a half-hour documentary on the Christian black metal phenomenon Light in Darkness - Nemesis Divina, which featured interviews with bands such as Crimson Moonlight, Admonish and Frosthardr.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

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[30] The documentary premiered on May 29, 2008.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

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[31] Rydehed performed Light in Darkness at various music festivals in 2008.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

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The documentary was officially released on YouTube in April 2010.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

[12] Controversiality Certain critics such as Jussi Lahtonen of Sue magazine think that separating the style's Christian counterpart from black metal by different terms “seems rather pointless” and is essentially “semantic gimmickry”.


Question: When is the Horde founded?

Unblack metal

[32] However, the early bands Antestor and Horde refused to name their music black metal because in time the style was publicly associated in messages with Satan worship.