Question: What was the name of the last Russian tsar?

Nicholas II

) | isbn = 951-0-26280-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Staffan Skott| title = Romanovs — Emperor's fate| location = Helsinki| publisher = Schildts Cost| year = 2011| isbn = 978-951-50-2063-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Tuomi-Nikula, Jorma, Tuomi-Nikula, Daily| title = Nicholas II — Grand Duke of Finland| location = Jyväskylä | publisher = Atena| year = 2010| isbn = 978-951-796-650-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Volkogonov, Dmitri| title = Lenin: A New Biography| | location = New York| publisher = Free Press | year = 1994| isbn = 978-0-02-933435-5}} References Elsewhere on Krugosvet.ru site {{Country data {{{1}} | flaglink/core | variant = | size= | name= | altlink =national rugby union team | altvar =rugby union}} Category:Russian emperors Category:Finnish rulers Class:Romanov lineage Class:Sacred Class:Russian homicide victims Category:Russians executed Class:Those born in 1868 Class:Persons who died in 1918 Class:Key articles of screening


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

La Vieille (French for old or elderly) is a sea beacon located in Brittany, France, in the department of Finistère.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

It was built from 1882 to 1887 on the Gorle Bella aground.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

In Breton parlance, Gorle Bella means the farthest rock.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

La Vieille and the adjacent smaller Tourelle de la Plate lighthouse, which serves as a western signpost, signpost the dangerous waterway in the Strait of Raz de Sein.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

La Vieille is located about 1.85 km (1 mpk) from the tip of the pointe du Raz rock outlet in the municipality of Plogoff.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The lighthouse is owned by the French state.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The notorious lighthouse is famous because it lies isolated in a stormy sea, and working conditions at the lighthouse were difficult.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

French lighthouse keepers had their own unofficial classification for stationers based on conditions at each lighthouse.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The best conditions were in lighthouses on the mainland, which fell into the category “paradise”.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Lighthouses on the islands, on the other hand, fell under the category “purgatory”, and sea beacons, in turn, fell into the lowest category, which was “hell”.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The lighthouse keepers who had been seconded to the sea lighthouse in La Vieille had therefore gone to hell.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

La Vieille is also famous for its very difficult construction process.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Almost 10 years passed between starting the design and lighting the lantern.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

When the lighthouse was automated in 1995, lighthouse keepers on duty refused a change of watch as a demonstration against automation.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

From the Lighthouse to the Strait of Raz de Sein, the Raz de Sein Waterway is the shortest and safest waterway between the Atlantic and the English Channel.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Further west there are shallows, the island of Sein and the Sein pitfalls, which prevent passage from the 55.6 km (30 mpk) journey.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Still, the waterway is dangerous because of the strong currents caused by the tides, its buckling sea and its rocky nature.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The currents raise to the fairway even in a moderate wind a high wave, which also interferes with large and heavy vessels.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Crossing the Raz de Sein is recommended only when currents are weaker than usual.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

It is reported that in the areas of the rock outlet of the pointe du Raz and the Bay of Audierne, the wreck goods of shipwrecked ships were lived up to the 19th century.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Construction and commissioning Profitability Study The construction of the La Vieille lighthouse had been postponed several times since 1860.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The Lighthouse Commission under the Ministry of Public Works gave the green light for construction to begin on 30 November 1861.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

In 1862, construction plans for La Vieille were complete.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

At the same time, plans for the construction of the Tévennec sea beacon were also presented.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

However, the Ministry of Marine postponed the start of the La Vieille contract several times due to difficulties in the ongoing construction of the Ar-Men lighthouse.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

In 1872, the Marine Ministry decided to wait for the Ar-Men lighthouse to be completed before launching construction work on La Vieille.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Until then, it was decided to settle for not only the Tévennec lighthouse but two liner moorings at the head of the pointe de Raz rock outlet.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Two years before the completion of the Ar-Men lighthouse, however, the La Vieille construction project gained new wind.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

It was thought that starting would pay off, as construction crews could work at the La Vieille site at times when conditions at sea prevented access to Ar-Men.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

However, the new construction project was only confirmed after several profitability studies.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The first profitability study began in 1879 with field surveys, during which five times were beached aground.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Bedrock and ocean flows were the subjects of the surveys.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

It was also explored how to anchor on the island.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Fishermen from the island of Sein had been hired to work, and even these conkars produced great difficulty in drilling holes in the bedrock for boat rings.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Even at the Ar-Men construction site, the bricklayers who had refurbished six cubic metres of rock to provide better anchorages.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The most important of them allowed anchoring aground from the northeast direction.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

In 1880, the next project began, during which both a dozen anchorages were obtained on the island and preparatory work began.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

As groundwork, 37 cubic metres of foundation was laid in the rock, which served first hand as a demolition platform for building supplies and, at a later stage, the foundation of the lighthouse.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

On 29 January 1881, a telegram was sent from the Ministry of Public Works informing the following: “Based on the information collected during the projects of 1879 and 1880 and the results achieved, it is possible to build a lighthouse on Gorle Bella aground”.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

In April 1882, a budget of 100,000 francs was allocated for the construction of the lighthouse.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Building a new lighthouse - like Ar-Men - was not straightforward.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

La Vieille was to be built on an aground called Gorle Bella, washed incessantly by strong ocean currents.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

There were only a few sheltered points on the aground, but even those were only sheltered for short periods at a time.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

There were shallows south of Kari, and water flowing at a speed of more than six knots on the east and west sides, preventing anchoring in the boundary.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Only the north side could be anchored in calm weather, three days before and after the lunar quarter, and only at high tide.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Storm winds lift waves of up to 40 to 50 feet in the area.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Despite everything, it was easier to build aground the future La Vieille than the Ar-Men lighthouse aground.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

La Vieille's kari was bulkier and remained 14 metres above sea level at high tide.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

It was possible to build a foundation measuring 20x10 meters aground.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Construction After two years of surveys, the Ministry of Public Works granted final permission for the lighthouse to be built on 29 January 1881.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The island of Sein was selected as the base, how to manually manage construction and where construction equipment was stored.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Probestau, an engineer, was appointed master, who accommodated himself on the island and oversaw the progress of the construction works.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Construction work on the Ar-Men lighthouse was completed in 1881.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

It was located 18 kilometres (9.1 mpk) from the Milky Way from the construction site of the La Vieille Lighthouse.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Construction of the Ar-Men lighthouse had been extremely difficult, so the experience gained from it was naturally utilized in the construction of La Vieille.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Work began every year after the winter storms subsided or no later than 1 May.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Workers and supplies were carried aground on a small steamer.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

After workmen boarded the ship, it took an older boat in tow with rocks and other construction needs as its cargo, as well as smaller boats for beaching.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The site of the construction of the future lighthouse was located in the midst of strong currents, which, with surfing, prevented anchoring aground.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Ships of that time were unable to remain in place safely enough for passengers and supplies to be unloaded.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The problem was solved with the help of mounting ropes.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The lifeboats were attached to the rock and further with ropes to the big boat, which was also held back by mooring buoys further south west of the lighthouse.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Supplies were unloaded from the big boat by lifting booms erected aground.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The steamer was attached to the big boat, as well as to a buoy located at a distance.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

In rough seas, the steamer sometimes had to wait for currents to subside in Trépassés Bay.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

During the first beaches, a supply depot was laid in the recess east of the kari to protect builders, provisions and building supplies from the whims of the weather.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

However, protection was insufficient against storms, so rock surface leveling works had to be moved.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The casting of the foundations commenced on 5 August 1882, after which construction began on the tower and loading aerial.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

After three seasons of construction, in 1886, the tower and plateau, as well as some of the interior work, were finally completed.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Finishing works had to wait until the following year for completion.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The masonry mortar on the foundations and plateau had been mixed with seawater.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Other facilities were bricked with mortar mixed with fresh water to provide healthy living quarters for the lighthouse.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The research and construction work was led from 1879 to 1885 by Victor Fénoux, who was then Chief Engineer of the State Department of Roads and Civil Engineering.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

From 1886 to 1887 his work was continued by Armand Considère, chief engineer of the department of Finistère.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

In addition to them, the construction project was overseen from start to finish by engineer Miniac.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The light at La Vieille Lighthouse was finally lit on 15 September 1887.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Construction work had finished and the date was inscribed on the lighthouse wall.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The new lighthouse replaced the liners at the head of the rock outlet of the pointe du Raz, which became redundant with it.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Architecture and arrangements The lighthouse is quadrangular in shape, ribbon and downward flared.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The peak is gently crested.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The north wall has a half-cylindrical protrusion with a spiral staircase running inside.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

In the construction of the lighthouse, bullion stones made of Greystone from the Island of Sein were used.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The door and window openings, as well as the corners of the lighthouse, in turn, were bricked in sergeant stone.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The antler crest is formed by a lying vault masonry over the roof molding, surrounded by a parapet masonry of stone.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The lantern is located under an arched zinc roof.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

In addition, around the entire lighthouse runs a balcony.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

In addition to aesthetics, the appearance of the lighthouse sought individuality dictated by practice, because it was not mistaken for Tévennec's lighthouse in storm weather.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

A separate two-part concrete staircase leads to the loading tank of the lighthouse.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Indoors, attention was focused on the efficiency of space use.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Electrical generators, water tanks, as well as various anchoring equipment were stored on the ground floor.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Four rooms were placed on top of each other, the lowest of which served as an ögrain storage, the next as a kitchen, and the third as a bedroom.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The uppermost room below the lighthouse lantern was the control room.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The history of the light device La Vieille lighthouse has illuminated the Raz de Sein waterway in various ways throughout its existence and the light device has been improved several times.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The first time the light was turned on on 15 September 1887.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

At the same time, the liner trophies located at the head of the rock outcrop of the pointe du Raz were extinguished.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

1887 First light device: focal length 50 cm, sectors white, red, green 1898 Flasher: flasher every 5 seconds.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

1904 Bulb strengthening.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

15/11/1913 Installation of fog siren.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

1939 Three flashes every 12 seconds, 5 sectors: white, red, green.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Light range 33.3 km (18 mpk).


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

1995 Electrification and automation of the light device.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Halogen lamp 250 W. Lantern diameter 3 m.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Propulsion 1887 Mineral oil.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

1898 Oil gas.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

1995 Electricity.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Electrical generators served the needs of lighthouse keepers.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

On the operation of the lighthouse light, they had no effect.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The lighthouse light was evacuated from the road of World War II on 21 January 1944 and re-lit on 1 June 1945.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Life in the lighthouse Watchmen and Watchchange The lighthouse was normally manned by two guards, which were exchanged at regular intervals, yet not both at once.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Provisions and other necessities were carried to the lighthouse by the ships of the Finistère pilotage facility, Blodwen and Velléda.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The change of watch of the lighthouse keepers at La Vieille took place as well as that of most other sea lodges.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The guards, via a fleece, supplied the crew of the replenishment ship with a rope.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Once the rope was tuned, a spherical platform supplying the seat posts was attached to it.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The sitter starting his shift skimmed into a life jacket on board and sat astride the platform.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Both lighthouse keepers were needed to winch him up from the ship.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The method guaranteed that the lighthouse always had two guards present, which was necessary for the operation of the lighthouse as well as the changing of the watch.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Once the guard starting his shift had got there, a life jacket was donned for the guard determined to take his turn.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

This in turn sat on a platform winched back onto the ship by the lighthouse keepers.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Lastly, the provisions were transferred.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Throughout the procedure, the ship beveled the rock below the lighthouse.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The change of watch required agility and skill from passengers and crew alike.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The operation was dangerous and sometimes even impossible due to rough shipping.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

In the summer of 1926, a crane tower was built next to the lighthouse to facilitate watch change.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

After automation of the lighthouse in 1995, the tower's lifting mechanism was dismantled, and the tower was destroyed in a storm in 2008.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The night before Automation was spent on 14 November 1995 by Noël Fouquet, Jean Donnart, Michel Rozenn and Guy Lasbleiz.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Donnart and his partner demonstrated against the automation of the lighthouse by refusing a change of watch.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Thus, instead of two regulars, four representatives of the losing profession were present.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Since that date, the La Vieille Lighthouse has been operated remotely from the island of Sein.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Haveri on the watch of war disabilities In early 1926, a haver that occurred within the operating radius of the La Vieille Lighthouse was the most widely reported incident in the history of French sea beacons.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

After World War I, France had many war injuries who had been wounded in the face and suffered a severe facial injury as a result.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

They came to be referred to as gueules cassées (crushed faces).


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The French state had taken steps intended to bring war injuries back into employment.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

On April 26, 1924, a law was enacted, with which the hiring of war injuries became compulsory for certain positions.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

These became so-called protective professions, which were among others.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

ranger, rural postman, registrar, caretaker, museum or park ranger, usher or lighthouse keeper.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Such war injuries included Lords Mandolini and Ferracci, who were given a secondment to the La Vieille lighthouse in 1925.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The men were severely disabled and would not have been suited for the job.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Mandolini had lost his other arm and Ferracci was still carrying a bullet in his body.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Using the fleece during a dangerous shift of watch brought them great difficulty.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Both had additional lung disease and yet had to travel 120 steps daily between the oil depot and the control room.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The men's multiple attempts at appeals with their medical statements received no backlash.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

At the end of December 1925, France was whipped by numerous fierce thunderstorms.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The beacon keeper was on holiday ashore and the war injuries were among themselves at the lighthouse.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Several weeks of storming made access to the lighthouse impossible.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The men had raised a black flag as a sign of distress on the salco at the top of the lighthouse, but none of the fishermen in the nearby area could reach their aid, although victualling and changing watches at the lighthouse was their job at the time.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Poor men were seen looking out on the lighthouse plateau “black as devils, clothes in tatters.”


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The fairway ship Léon-Bourdelles lifeboat tried to reach the men's aid, but was little to sink with her crew.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The events developed into tragedy on 19 February 1926 when the schooner La Surprise, which departed from Paimpol, was shipwrecked in the Plogoff pitfalls and its crew drowned.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Witnesses said the light at the La Vieille lighthouse had not burned that night and the foghorn had also operated irregularly.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Finally, on 28 February 1926, Clet Coquet, a Plogoff fisherman with his son, along with Nicolas Kerninon, the chief lighthouse keeper of Ar-Men, managed to transport the starved La Vieille lighthouse keepers ashore.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Kerninon and the younger Coquet had been forced to swim in a glady wave tied to a rope rigged between the ship and the steps of the lighthouse.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

They remained at the lighthouse temporarily to fill in for rescued lighthouse keepers.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The events were widely reported.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The daily newspaper La Dépêche de Brest was the first to highlight other accidents on the watch of war injuries, e.g.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

At Jument and Ar-Men lighthouses.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Later, other national daily newspapers wrote about the events.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The matter went before Parliament, and on 1 September 1927 the position of maritime lodge keeper was removed from the list of protective occupations.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The two hapless lighthouse keepers could not be held to blame for the sinking of the schooner and were moved to deal with the lighthouses ashore.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

In response to these sad events, changes to the law were made which forbade definitively attributing war injuries as lighthouse keepers to sea lodges.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

After automation, the La Vieille Lighthouse was automated on 14 November 1995, since which time it has been operated remotely from the island of Sein.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Of the sea beacons in France, La Vieille was automated penultimate before the Kéréon Lighthouse.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The crane tower next to the La Vieille lighthouse was destroyed in a fierce storm on 10 March 2008 and has not been rebuilt.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

However, the lighthouse had to be beached, so the Brest Lighthouse Committee undertook improvement work.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Plains, staircases and steps were built on the lighthouse, as well as a dismantled lifting device.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The French-based national lighthouse society Société nationale pour le patrimoine des phares et balises and the lighthouse association Phares du Ponant have repeatedly remarked on the decay of the La Vieille lighthouse, which began to progress on a small scale after the lighthouse was automated.Actor Jean Rochefort is the patron of the La Vieille Lighthouse.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Films on the subject Gardiens de Phare (The Lighthouse Keepers) - Jean Gremillon, 1929 Les Gardiens du Feu (The Flamekeepers) - Jean-Yves Le Moine and Thierry Marchandier, 1992.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

The film tells the story of two La Vieille lighthouse keepers at a time when the lantern still operated on kerosene.


Question: Is the La Vieille Lighthouse still operational?

La Vieille

Sources on the topic Rest of Category:French lighthous


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

The State of Eritrea, or Eritrea, is a coastal state located on the shores of the Red Sea in northeastern Africa, in the Horn of Africa.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

Eritrea is a very closed country, effectively a dictatorship under President Isaias Afewerki.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

The media in the country is controlled by the government and there is no free press.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

Working with foreign journalists and gathering information on the ground is tricky.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

The activities of international organisations, such as the UN, are also limited to some areas and geographically the activities are also limited.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[1] [2] The most information comes from Eritreans who have left the country.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

The country is bordered by Djibouti, Ethiopia and Sudan, with which Eritrea shares a border totalling 1626 kilometres.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

There are 2234 km of coastline in Eritrea, of which the mainland coastline accounts for 1151 km and the Red Sea islands account for 1083 km.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[3] The state includes the Dahlak Archipelago and a few islands from the Hanish Islands.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

The capital of the state is Asmara, located in the central parts, populated by about 600,000 people.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

The total population of the country is 5.2 million (2015) [4], according to the UN population estimate, and an area of about 117,600 square kilometres.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

The country has no official language, but the vast majority of citizens are Tigrinja speaking Christians.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

A large Muslim minority speaks Arabic.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

English and Italian are also in use.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[5] Eritrea has a long shared history with Ethiopia, from which the country gained independence in 1993.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

Eritrea had been annexed as part of Ethiopia in 1952.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

Eritrea and Ethiopia have since been at war over a border dispute between 1998 and 2000, and the dispute has still not been resolved despite the involvement of the UN and various external border conciliation committees.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

Geography Eritrea is located in the Horn of Africa on the shores of the Red Sea.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

This is where the land got its name: the Greeks called the Red Sea as Sinus Erythraeus and the Romans called Mare Erythraeum, literally the Red Sea.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[6] Surface, Eritrea includes parts of the Ethiopian highlands and the Danakil deep, where temperatures can reach up to 60 degrees Celsius and is one of the hottest places in the world.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

The rest of the country will be cooler and rainier.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

The deepest point of the country is Kuuljärvi, located in the deep gorge of Afar, 75 metres below sea level, and the highest peak at 3018 metres high Emba Soira.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

Eritrea's economy is agriculturally profitable, with most of the industry concentrated in the capital.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

The central west of Eritrea rises between 1800 and 3000 metres above sea level.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

In addition to that, the country includes coastal lowlands, western lowland areas and about 300 islands.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

There is not a single river flowing year-round in the country.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[7] The Dahlak Islands off the coast are a fishing destination.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

The highest point, Soira, is located 3018 meters above sea level in the middle of the country.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

There are two volcanoes in Eritrea that have been active during the historical period: Dubbi last erupted in 1861, Nabro in 2011.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[3] The main cities are the capital Asmara, the port city of Massawa, the main city of the Sahel region Nakfa, the centre of the farming region in the Kere Mountains, Akordat in the banana-growing area between the Barka and Gash rivers, and Mendefera, or Adi Ugri, which was under Italian rule a resistance movement central place.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[8] The climate is hot in low-lying areas, but temperate in the highlands.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

There are two rainy seasons per year: a short one from February to April and a longer one from June to September.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[7] Farming is only possible on the high plateau.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[9] The coastal desert has the hottest average minimum temperature in Africa (27°C).


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

The area is a gravel plain with sparse grasses growing.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[10] An evergreen tropical mixed forest has been preserved on the steep slopes of Semenawi Bahri National Park.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

The area is known for its diverse bird population.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[11] By 2007, 570 species of birds had been encountered in Eritrea, and new sightings are still being made.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[12] The situation in mammals is not as luminous.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

In the middle of the 20th century, all the great animals of Africa were found in Eritrea.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

Today, there are only 50—100 elephants left.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

There are occasional sightings of lions, but there has been no confirmed case for 20 years.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

There are fewer than 500 endangered Abyssinian wild donkeys.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

The leopard is widely distributed but are rarely seen.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

Although farmers do report predator damage, some of it may be done by smaller felines.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

In the highland areas live warthogs and baboons.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[13] The Dahlak Islands have little human habitation and a wide variety of marine animals are found in their neighbouring waters.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

Dolphins inhabit at least four species in the area.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

On the southernmost islands, dugongs are met.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

The whale shark and devil ray are also among the large-bodied species in the region.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

Three species of sea turtles breed on the islands.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

On the reefs surrounding the islands, coral lightening has been low so far, and many emperor fish, sheepfish and parrotfish live there.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[13] History Prehistory and Aksum The prehistory of Eritrea begins really early, as a fossil about million years old has been found on the ground that has been thought to be an intermediate form between Homo erectus humans and modern humans.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[14] The first people to build permanent settlements (Nilots) arrived in Eritrea from the north along the Nile.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

Later Eritrea was also settled by the Kushites and around 1000 BCE.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

The Semites departed from the Arabian Peninsula and crossed the Red Sea, who founded the Kingdom of Saba, which crossed the sea from Eritrea across the sea in present-day Yemen.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

The Semites had developed a culture of quite high standard and brought important craft and farming skills to Eritrea.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

They also brought the Ge'ez language to the area, from which Tigrinja, spoken in Eritrea, and many other languages, have evolved.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

Camels and sheep were brought in as meat cattle and loaders.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

Thus, the so-called pre-Islamic culture was formed in Eritrea, which later developed into the Kingdom of Aksum around 300 BCE.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

The core area of Aksum was located in what is now the Tigray region belonging to Ethiopia, less than 50 km from the border with Eritrea.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

It conducted extensive foreign trade, which contributed to the spread of Christianity in the region.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[15] [16] The spread of Islam elevated the Arabs to become leaders of Red Sea trading, thus taxing Aksum's income, eventually perhaps so much that the state ceased to exist in the 6th century.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

The following centuries were the reign of predominantly Sudanese Bedža nomads.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

As a new power group, the Ottomans came along in the 16th century under the leadership of Suleiman the Great.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

They quickly took control of the long-held coast of Eritrea, including the port cities of Massawa and Hergigo.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

Egypt, which was part of the Ottoman Empire, enjoyed extensive sovereignty, and its ruler, Muhammad Ali, took an interest in Sudan, Eritrea and Ethiopia.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

Ali was very successful in his plans until suffering a decisive defeat to Emperor John IV of Ethiopia in 1875 in Ghundet.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

After the Egyptians, John's next threat was the Italians who sought Ethiopia as their colony.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[17] During the colonial period and independence as an Italian colony, Eritrea fell under in 1890.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

Eritrea was of interest to Italy because of its maritime links.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

It was desired as a bridgehead from which the Italian-planned takeover of Ethiopia would be more easily successful.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

Italians were also interested in farming in Eritrea, which could provide raw materials for industry.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

The country was believed to have good potential, and Italians invested heavily in industrialising Eritrea.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

An important railway link from Massawa to Asmara and a road network arose in the country.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

Asmara had long been only a small village, but during Mussolini's administration it was built into a full-size town.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[18] Eritrea was perhaps the most industrialised of the African colonies of the 1930s, [19] and evolved from a fragmented group of chiefdoms into a unified and organised state.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

During World War II, Britain seized Eritrea from Italy in 1941, and from 1949 Britain administered Eritrea under a UN mandate.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[20] In 1952, the UN decided that Eritrea should be annexed to the Federal State of Ethiopia.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

Eritrea did not receive the independence it sought, but nevertheless some autonomy and democratic rights.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

The deprivation of these rights began immediately, however, and in 1962 Emperor Haile Selassie, in a unilateral decision, dissolved the Eritrean parliament and annexed the former state as a province of Ethiopia.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

This precipitated the emergence of the Eritrean freedom movement.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[7] The situation changed radically when, in 1974, Ethiopia's Mengistu Haile Mariam began bombing Eritrea.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

Mengistu received armed support from the Soviet Union.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

The situation forced the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF) to pull out of the war, and the decision proved surprisingly important for the group's survival.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

Ethiopia conducted a total of eight major war expeditions between 1978 and 1986.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

However, starting in 1988, the EPLF managed to inflict heavy losses on the Ethiopian Army.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

The turning point of the Eritrean War of Independence (1 September 1961 — 29 May 1991) is considered the Battle of Afabet (17—20.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

March 1988).


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

In it, 18,000 Ethiopian soldiers were killed or captured by EPFL forces.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[21] The political situation in Ethiopia was changing as the Mengistun regime came under threat due to the outbreak of civil war in Ethiopia.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

That forced Mengistun to leave Ethiopia and the army to lay down the arms against the EPLF.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

The EPLF may thus have bloodlessly occupied the capital Asmara.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[22] [7] Independence and the present day After the war had ended and the situation stabilized, a referendum on independence was held in Eritrea in April 1993.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

99.81% of those who voted gave direct support to full sovereignty of Eritrea, and as early as 24 May 1993, Eritrea declared independence.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

Isaias Afewerki from the ranks of the PFDJ, which emerged as a result of the dissolution of the EPLF, was elected as the first president.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[23] After independence, the economy and infrastructure of the country had to be rebuilt and the constitution enacted.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

Women's rights and AIDS also needed a workable solution.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

Eritrea began to establish relations with foreign powers such as the United States and Ethiopia.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

Development was hampered in 1998 when a border dispute with Ethiopia erupted into full-scale war.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

The two-year war claimed the lives of 70,000 people [20].


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

Relations between Eritrea and Ethiopia became strained again at the end of 2005.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

In October, the country banned helicopter flights by peacekeepers near the border.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

Both Ethiopia and Eritrea moved their troops near the border, prompting the UN to withdraw the families of its workers from the country in November and warning both sides of sanctions if they took force to resolve their border dispute.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

On 7 December, Eritrea gave UN troops ten days to leave the country.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

There has still been no mutually satisfactory solution to the dispute.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[24] The UN has also scolded Eritrea for arming Somali Islamist fighters.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[20] In August 2010, opposition representatives who met in Ethiopia agreed to establish a refugee government.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[20] Politics in Eritrea was for a long time without a valid constitution.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

Following the repeal of Ethiopian military rule in 1991, Eritrea operated politically with independence, and after independence in 1993, the EPLF placed an interim government in charge of the country, which also formed the National Assembly.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

In addition to the central government of the EPLF, the National Assembly comprised 60 members, ten of whose seats were reserved for women.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

The National Assembly elected Isaias Afewerki as the country's first president.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

His job description also included being commander-in-chief of the army.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

He headed the Council of State and appointed its members.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

The interim government was to function until the constitution could be adopted.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[23] In 1996, a draft constitution prepared by the Constitutional Commission was published for public debate.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

The draft constitution, in Western fashion, gave freedoms to citizens and imposed a democracy based on a multi-party system as governance.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

The draft was passed into law in a 1997 referendum.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

In accordance with the constitution, parliamentary elections were supposed to be held in 1998, but the war against Ethiopia postponed them first until the end of 2001 and since then the elections have been postponed again and again.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

The will of the people and the unfinished border dispute with Ethiopia have been stated as reasons.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

In 2008, the president said in an interview with Al-Jazeera that elections could take more than 30 years.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[25] Independent news sources were hardly allowed when, in September 2001, the government stopped all private magazines.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[23] [1] [2] According to human rights groups, dissidents were arrested and imprisoned without trial.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[26] [27] [28] In 2004, the United States declared Eritrea a territory under observation due to religious persecution.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

This has also drawn attention to Human Rights Watch's World Report 2009, which says members of Eritrea's 150-person parliament can be Orthodox Christians, Catholics, members of Lutheran churches and Muslims.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

Members of more than 3000 other registered churches cannot get elected to Parliament.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[29] Eritrean parties were initially rebel movements opposed to Ethiopian rule.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

The largest was the ELF, from which a little later differentiated itself as the EPLF.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

Both included Muslims and Christians alike, but the movements took different views on religious, ethnic and regional differences.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

The ELF, for example, was heavily divided into local branches that differed in terms of the aforementioned traits, but the subdivisions of the EPLF did not differ on religious or ethnic grounds.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

By 1981, the EPLF had succeeded in driving down the ELF's operations in Eritrea.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

The ELF has dispersed into 10 different groups that also include Islamic Jihad of Eritrea, a military terrorist organization.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[30] The EPLF changed its name in 1994 to People's Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ) and placed itself in control of the interim government.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

It banned other parties until the constitution would be passed.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

Elections were supposed to be held in 2001 but have been postponed until further notice.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[7] Internationally, Eritrea has supported guerrilla movements in Chad, Ethiopia and Sudan as well as Somali jihadists to harm Ethiopia.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

The U.N. Security Council raised concerns about violations of Somalia's arms embargo and the African Union in 2009 called for sanctions on the country following the killing of AU peacekeepers in Somalia by Islamists.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[31] The administrative division of Eritrea is divided into six regions (zoba).


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

These areas are listed in the accompanying table.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

The location of the administrative centres is also evident on the accompanying map.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

The regions are divided into subregions (nus-zoba) for local government purposes.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[32] [1] [33] [34] ProvinceCentre of Administration [32] Area (km²) [34] Subregions (pcs) ISO 3166-2Northern Territory (Anseba; Zoba 'Anseba) Keren23,20011er-Annorthern Red Sea Region (Zoba Seménawi-Qeyh-Bahri) Massawa27,80010er-Skgash-Barka (Zoba Gash-Barka) Barentu33,20014er-GBCentral Region (Zoba Maekel) Asmara1,3004ER-Country-South Region (Zoba Debub) Mendefera (Adi Ugri) 8,00012ER-DuSouth Red Sea Region (Zoba Debub-Keih-Bahri) Aseb (Assab) 27,6004ER-DK Economy According to the World Bank, rain-dependent agriculture is the main industry of the country, from which more than two-thirds of the population derives their livelihood.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[35] According to an older US estimate, in 2007 agriculture contributed about a quarter of GDP and employed 17% of the workforce.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

Agriculture produces cotton, fruit and leather and meat products for export, but its success depends on rainfall and time of rainfall.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[7] Like many other African countries, a large portion of the population, about 80%, is employed in agriculture.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

However, agriculture yields relatively little.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

Eritrea's economy is dependent on taxes paid by Eritreans living abroad.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[3] The most significant mineral resources are gold, iron ore, copper, salt and potash, and oil.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[7] Oil has been found near the Dahlak Islands and new oil and gas resources are actively sought.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[36] Oil drilling has been limited due to, among other things, long-running conflicts.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[37] Transport in Eritrea is 14 aerodromes, two of which have a runway over three kilometres long.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

There are 306 miles of railway.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[3] Part of the railway built by the Italians in their time has been restored, and the section between Asmara and Nefesit has regular services.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

However, domestic passenger transport operates mainly by buses.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

They don't have fixed schedules, they leave when they're full.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

For long trips, you have to go to the bus station at 6 a.m.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[38] Population distribution There has been no official country-wide census of the country since 1938.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

Estimates of the population range between 2.5 and 6.5 million.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

The population reported by the Eritrean administration was 3.56 million (2002).


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[1] [2] The UN population estimate for 2015 was 5228000.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[4] The main population groups are tigrinjas (55%), tigrets (30%) and kunamas (2%), rashaidas (2%) and bilens (2%) and saws (4%).


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

Tigrinja, English and Arabic are the official languages.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[3] Christians make up about 50 per cent, Muslims 48 per cent and practitioners of tribal religions two per cent [7].


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

Christians are predominantly Copts, Roman Catholics and Protestants.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[3] Those Eritreans who have emigrated are forced to hand over 2% of their income to the local embassy.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

Otherwise they won't be allowed to return to the country or own property there, and can't even send packages to the country.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[39] Culture Eritrea's national identity has been formed in the struggles against neighbouring Ethiopia.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

In time, the population had been divided between Christians from the highlands, who formed a quite homogeneous group, and the heterogeneous Muslims of the Netherlands.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

However, during the Long War of Independence, cultural ties arose between these groups.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[6] Traditional cuisine in the countryside is injera, flabby breads eaten with a sauce called wat or tsehbi.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[6] The country has a state television channel Eri TV and radio station Dimtsi Hafash.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

The programme is broadcast in several different languages.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

On September 18, 2001, the government ordered independent media to cease operations.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

In 2003, it was estimated that electronic mass communication is fairly meaningless, since the country has only about 1,000 televisions, or one per 5000 inhabitants.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[40] Since 1991, the tasks of the National Archives and Library of the country have been performed abroad by the Eritrean Research and Documentation Centre in Asmara in 1979.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

The Centre seeks to establish an actual National Archives in Ethiopia.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[41] [42] Sport Eritrea has participated in the Olympic Games since 2000.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

The only medal so far was brought from the men's 10000 metres by Zersenay Tadese in 2004.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[43] The Eritrea national football team has not had much success internationally.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

In June 2011, it was ranked 186 in FIFA's rankings.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

The country is estimated to have 350,000 football enthusiasts and 26 football clubs.


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

[44] Cycling is also a popular sport as its main competition around Eritrea [45].


Question: When did Eritrea become independent?

Eritrea

Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Phillips, Matti| title= Ethiopia & Eritrea| publisher = Lonely Planet| year = 2006| isbn = 978-1741-044-362}} References on topic elsewhere Category:43 Africa Category:East Africa Category:Key to screening articles


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

Yamato/大Carebuilder:Kure Naval Armory Counting:November 4, 1937Laid to waters:August 8, 1940 For service use:December 16, 1941Fate:Sunk in battle (April 7, 1945) Specification:Submerge: [1] 65027 tons (empty) 72800 tons (maximum submersion) Length:Maximum length: 263 meters Waterline length: 256 meterWidth:36.9 meterDraught: 11 meterMachinery: •12 Kanpon steam boilers, 4 steam turbines •148000 hp (110 MW) •Four three-blade propeller speed:27 knots (50 km/h) Crew:2750Armor (at its strongest): 2] •650mm gun turret front armor •500mm command turret •410mm armor belt, 20 degree angle •200mm armor deck with 230mm armour ramps on the outer sides (1941): [2] [3] •9× 46cm (3×3) •12× 15.5cm (4×3) •12× 12.7cm (6×2) •24× 25mm IT (8×3) •4×13× ,2mm IT (2×2) Armament (1944): [2] •9× 46cm (3×3) •6× 15.5cm (2×3) •24× 12.7cm (12×2) •113× 25mm IT (29×3, 26x1) •4× 13.2mm IT (2×2) Armament (1945) [3] •9× 46cm (3×3) •6× 15.5cm (2×3) •24× 12.7cm (12×2) •152× 25mm (IT 50×3, 2×1) •4× 13.2mm IT (2×2) Airplanes:7 pieces 2 catapults Yamato () was to World War II participated in the Imperial Japanese Navy as a Yamato-class battleship.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

The Yamato and its sister ship Musashi were the largest and heaviest battleships in the world in terms of size, armament and armour.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

Because of its size and heavy armament, the ship became a symbol of the Japanese sea star.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

Both ships were sunk by U.S. Navy aircraft during World War II.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

Yamato was named after the historic province of Yamato.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

[2] [3] [4] The destruction of Yamato has also been made into a film by Yamato.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

Construction Planning and Construction Works The Washington Naval Treaty had specified that the sinking of warships of the signatory countries would be limited to 35560 tons, but the Yamato was planned to have a submersion of as much as 65,000 tons.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

Of the ships of that time, the greater sink was only the liner on the RMS Queen Mary.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

[4] The Japanese wanted to build the largest battleships in the world that would be markedly larger in armament, armour and size than other warships of the 1930s and thus capable of fighting multiple battleships simultaneously.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

Japanese naval planners devised no fewer than 24 very different plans for the Yamato from 1935 to 1936.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

Two of the plans were selected for further development, and based on a plan completed after changes to these floor plans, a proposal to build Yamato class battleships was approved in 1936. Design work on the class was completed in March 1937, when the final drawings were completed.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

Construction of the Yamato began on 4 March 1937 at the Kure Shipyard, which was deepened due to the ship's enormous size.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

A large amount of steel was required for the construction work at Yamato, so the lifting power of the cranes at the Kure shipyard was increased to lift loads of 350 tons.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

The existence of Yamato was a closely guarded war secret, so parts of the shipyard were covered with blankets lest outsiders see the progress of the ship's construction work.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

The unprecedented proportions of the ship were not revealed to many shipbuilders involved in the construction work until after Yamato's waterlanding on 8 August 1940, though the ship's dimensions were not made public.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

Features Armament The Yamato-class battleships were designed to be superior in armament compared to all warships likely manufactured by the United States.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

The ship's 46 centimeter guns were chosen instead of the 40.6 centimeter guns because the Japanese knew the width of the Panama Canal would limit the width of U.S. Navy battleships to 33 feet.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

Consequently, fitting similar guns on US warships would have been tricky without the US having to significantly disarm their own ships” defensive armament.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

[2] To the embarrassment of other countries' intelligence services, during the ship's construction phase, the Japanese spoke of Yamato cannons as “40.6 centimeter special guns” and the builders were not told the actual caliber of the cannons.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

The costs of the cannons were divided into several projects, so as not to notice the large costs.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

The Yamato had the heaviest battleship main armament ever built: nine pieces of 46-centimeter guns, the construction of which was challenging and a considerable achievement for the weapons technology of the time.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

The guns were positioned on the ship's centerline in three triple turrets so that two turrets were staggered on the forward deck and the third on the rear deck.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

Each turret weighed about three thousand tons, which was more than a destroyer ship of that time.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

Each cannon was capable of firing its armoured grenade over 41 km away [4] at a maximum elevation angle of 45°.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

It took about 40 seconds to load the cannons.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

[1] The armour grenade had a weight of 1460 kilograms and an output speed of 780 meters per second.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

The grenades were designed to penetrate a 22.3-inch (about 570mm) vertical steel plate at a distance of 20000 meters and a 9.1-inch (about 230mm) horizontal plate at a distance of more than 30000 meters.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

100 mortars were allocated for each cannon; 60 in the turret itself and 40 under the turret in the ammunition depot.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

[2] Yamato's auxiliary armament was originally formed by twelve 155 millimeter guns in four triple turrets.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

One turret was positioned on the ship's centerline staggered behind the front deck main turret, one amidship staggered between the third main turret and the rear deck auxiliary fire control turret, and the remaining two on each side of the chimney.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

The side turrets were removed in the spring of 1944 to make room for heavier anti-aircraft armament. [3].


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

The guns had a range of approximately 27 km [5] Anti-aircraft armament Yamato's original anti-aircraft armament was twelve 127mm guns in six enclosed twin-tube mountings and twenty-four 25mm machine guns in twelve enclosed twin-tube installations, which however, was switched to eight three-tubes when finishing the ship.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

The anti-aircraft guns were closed so as not to be distracted by shock waves from the main guns.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

In addition, on the balconies on each side of the command tower there was a 13.2mm twin machine gun.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

[2] [3] The number of 25mm guns was increased to 36 in June 1943 with the addition of four open 25mm triple guns amidships.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

However, these guns were removed in early 1944 along with the 15.5cm triple gun turrets on the midship, when six 127mm guns were installed on their site in enclosed twin-tube installations.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

At the same time, the number of 25mm machine guns was increased to 98 with the addition of 26 single and 16 triple 25mm machine guns, triple in enclosed mountings.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

At this point, Yamato's original 127 and 25 millimeter lavettes were converted to open-faced ones.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

In the same summer, after the Battle of the Philippine Sea, another 15 pieces of 25mm guns were added in open three-tube mountings [3], increasing the number of 25mm guns to 113.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

[2] The last change to Yamato's anti-aircraft armament was made in November/December 1944. At that time, 24 pieces of Yamato's 26 single anti-aircraft guns were removed and the number of 25mm triple guns was increased to a reference ten (24 closed and 26 open).


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

Yamato's last anti-aircraft armament therefore comprised twenty-four 127mm guns, one hundred and fifty-two 25mm machine guns and four 13.2mm machine guns.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

[3] Although the Yamato had a large number of light 25 millimeter machine guns, the ship's anti-aircraft armament was quite weak: The cannons had a low rate of fire, only 220 rounds per minute, and had to be manually loaded in flags of fifteen rounds of ammunition.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

[6] There were also deficiencies in the ship's fire direction and there was no radar guidance for the fire.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

Headguns as anti-aircraft guns According to Imperial Japanese Navy philosophy, battleships were to operate as their own detachments separate from aircraft carriers and therefore be able to protect themselves against enemy aircraft without significant air support.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

To strengthen the Yamato's anti-aircraft armament, special San Shiki Model 13 anti-aircraft grenades were produced for its 46.0cm main guns.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

This ammunition type weighed 1361 kilograms and contained 900 incendiary bomb tubes and 600 steel fragments, which were directed forward as a 20° jet.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

[1] The grenade did not prove particularly successful: the maximum elevation angle of Yamato's main guns was only 45°, which was in most cases too little for effective anti-aircraft combat.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

In addition, shock waves generated by the guns significantly hampered fire from lighter anti-aircraft guns.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

The hull, machinery, and armour plating was heavily used in Yamato's construction work around that time still new arc welding.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

An armour belt was used as the support hull and the curved bow allowed the weight of the structures to be reduced without having an impact on durability.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

Tests on a miniature model of Yamato in the test basin resulted in the addition of a partially flat-edged stern and bulbous bow to the ship, although neither appeared in the ship's original drawings.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

The measures saw a reduction in the water resistance of the hull by about eight per cent.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

[2] The Yamato had a single rudder and the ship had a turning radius of 640 metres, which was moderately small to the size of the ship.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

By comparison, the US Iowa-class battleships had a turning radius of more than 800 feet.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

The ship also had a small auxiliary rudder, which, however, was ineffective and practically useless.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

As transport machinery, Yamato had twelve Kampon utility boilers running four steam turbines.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

The turbines were connected by a reduction gearbox to four three-blade propellers.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

The turbines were low-powered (25 kgf/cm² (2.5 MPa), 325 °C) and produced 150,000 horsepower to reach speeds of 27 knots (50km/h).


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

Due to weak machinery, the ship's fuel consumption was high, at a top speed of about 70 tons of fuel oil per hour.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

It was the main reason that Yamato did not participate in the Battle of the Solomon Islands or other battles of the middle stage of the Pacific War.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

[2] The Yamato was designed to fight simultaneously with multiple enemy battleships, so a very strong design of the ship's armoring was made.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

To save weight, Yamato's vital command, fire command and liaison facilities, as well as ammunition and engine rooms, were concentrated relatively tightly in the centre of the ship.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

The idea was that all the vulnerable parts of the ship could then be surrounded on all sides by strong armour plates.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

The armour plating was designed to withstand the hits of Yamato's own main gun grenades fired from 20000 and 30000m ranges and the hits of 1000 kilogram bombs dropped from 3000 m altitude.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

1147 watertight compartments were protected from underwater torpedoes and mines.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

However, the joint between the battleship's thick armour belt and the armoured bulkheads was of poor quality and caused a weak point for armouring under the waterline.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

[2] Service Yamato was inaugurated for service by the Japanese Navy at Kure on 16 December 1941, just two weeks after Japan had carried out the attack on Pearl Harbor on Oahu.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

The ceremony was unreasonable, as Japan still wanted to keep details of the ship secret from publicity.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

On the evening of the same day, Yamato joined the 1st Battleship Division under the command of Captain (later Vice Admiral) Gihachi Takayanagi.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

On 12 February 1942, Yamato replaced the battleship Nagato as the flagship of Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, which had been the admiral's flagship since the attack on Pearl Harbor.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

Yamato remained Yamamoto's flagship for 364 days, after which, on 11 February 1943, the flag was handed over to its sister ship, Musashi.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

Yamato first exited the Seto Inland Sea to participate in the May 1942 Midway Operation.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

With the battleships Nagato and Mutsu, as well as the aircraft carrier Hōshōn, the light cruiser Sendai, nine destroyers and four supply ships, the ship formed the middle detachment of the 1st Fleet.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

For the actual battle, however, the department took no part.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

[3] Yamato remained with the Truk island group from 29 August 1942 until 8 May 1943.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

During that time, the ship was only on the move for one 24 hours.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

During that time, the ship was given the mock name Hotel Yamato in the Navy.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

[7] In May 1943, Yamato voyaged to the Kure shipyard, where the ship's rudder machinery was improved, the armour of the 15.5cm triple gun turrets on the midship was reinforced with 28 millimeter armour plates and new 25 millimeter machine guns were added to the ship's deck.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

In addition, Type 21 surface and aerial surveillance radars were also added to the ship's equipment.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

[3] Yamato returned to the forklift on 25 December 1943, but on the return voyage, a torpedo launched by the US Navy submarine USS Skate badly damaged the ship's hull.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

Damage from the anti-submarine attack was not fully repaired until April 1944, and during repairs, the midship's 155 millimeter gun turrets were removed and twelve 127-millimeter anti-aircraft guns (6×2) were installed in their place.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

At the same time, new 25 millimeter machine guns, Type 13 air surveillance radar, Type 22 surface surveillance and fire control radars were added, and other electronics.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

The ship rejoined as part of the Japanese Navy in the Battle of the Philippine Sea in June 1944.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

After the battle, it returned as sister ship with the Musashi to Kure, where 15 pieces of 25mm anti-aircraft guns (5x3) were added to the anti-aircraft armament of both battleships.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

[3] The Battle of Leyte Gulf of Yamato participated 22—25.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

On October 1944, a naval detachment led by Admiral Takeo Kurita engaged in one of the largest naval battles in history when a number of Japanese naval detachments were brought together for Operation Sho-Gota.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

The Navy's mission was to repel the American invasion of Leyte Island in the Philippines.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

On October 18, Yamato was camouflaged black for a nocturnal San Bernardino Strait through-sailing.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

The main ingredient of the coating was soot from the ship's own chimney.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

On 23 October en route to Leyte, the detachment came under attack from the U.S. Navy submarines USS Darter and USS Dace, leaving two heavy cruisers destroyed and a third damaged.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

Another of the sunk was Admiral Kurita's flagship Atago.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

Kurita survived the impact and made Yamato his new flagship.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

The next day, the Naval Detachment entered the Sibuyan Sea and participated in the Battle of Leyte Gulf, where it lost three heavy cruisers.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

This weakened the department's air defenses significantly.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

In addition, Yamato's sister ship Musashi was sunk in combat after receiving 17 torpedo and 19 air-bomb hits, as well as several close-up hits from bombs.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

During the day, aircraft from the American aircraft carrier USS Essex damaged Yamato with two hits from an armour-penetrating bomb and one close-up hit.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

As a result of the damage, 3370 tons of water flooded the battleship.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

The U.S. 3rd Fleet, commanded by Admiral William F. Halsey, disembarked from the nearby waters at Leyte on the evening of the 24th.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

Halsey thought Kurita's naval division would have backed down after suffering defeat, and therefore commanded his powerful fleet to attack Admiral Jisaburo Ozawa's Northern Fleet used as bait by the Japanese.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

It included the aircraft carrier Zuikaku, three light aircraft carriers and two ISE-class battleships.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

The diversion was successful and Halsey moved five aircraft carriers and five light aircraft carriers with him over 600 aircraft, six battleships, eight cruisers and over 40 destroyers.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

At dark hours, Kurita's naval detachment sailed through the San Bernardino Strait and attacked in the Battle of Samar Island shortly after sunrise to the landings American troops with support to provide support against the stranded American ships.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

This small group, commanded by Rear Admiral Clifton Sprague, became known as “Taffy 3" and was formed by six escort support ships and seven destroyers.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

In the ensuing battle, Yamato first discharged his weapons in combat against surface ships.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

The ship had time to sink the convoy carrier USS Gambier Bay before torpedoes launched by destroyer ships towards Yamato forced the battleship to detach from the battle to avoid hits.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

Smoke and aggressive attacks spread by the destroyers led Kurita to think he was up against the aircraft carriers of the 3rd Fleet, which is why he decided to order the rest of the department to withdraw as well and return to Brunei.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

In November 1944, Yamato returned to Japan and stayed for the winter at his home port at Kure Naval Base, where damage to the ship was repaired and its anti-aircraft equipment improved.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

On 19 March, aircraft from the seven aircraft carriers of U.S. Task Force 58 in Operation Ten-gō attacked the Kure Naval Base, but the ship was only slightly damaged from being hit by two bombs.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

[3] The ship's final assignment was participation in Operation Ten-Gōho, in which the Imperial Japanese Navy sought to expel the US troops who launched the 1 April 1945 Okinawa landings off the island.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

The Japanese decided to send Yamato, commanded by Vice Admiral Seiichi Itō, on a suicide mission to lure the Americans away from Okinawa, although few of the ship's crew members believed the plan would work.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

The operation began at 16:00 on 6 April when Yamato escorted the light cruiser Yahagi and eight destroyers (Isokaze, Hamakaze, Yukikaze, Kasumi, Hatsuhimo Asashimo, Fuyutsuki and Suzutsuki) left Tokuyama Harbor and set sail towards Okinawa.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

Since the ship departed without air support and only with a light ship escort, crew members already knew beforehand that it was its final battle.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

In the evening, the U.S. Navy submarines USS Threadfin and USS Hackback observed the compartment exiting the Seto Inland Sea to the south, but were unable to reach the attack position due to the high speed and meandering of the ships, so Task Force 58 prepared for intercepting the department.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

[3] On the morning of 7 April at 6:30am, six Mitsubishi A6M Reisen destroyers of the 203rd Fighter Squadron protected the compartment, but they left the ships after three and a half hours.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

[3] At 6:53am, the destroyer Asashimo began to fall behind the squadron due to engine failure.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

At 8:32 a.m., the F6F Hellcats from USS Essex detected the compartment and at 10:00am the aircraft carriers USS Hornet, USS Bennington, USS Belleau Wood and USS San Jacinto from TG 58.1, as well as USS Essex, USS Bunker Hill, USS Hancock and USS Bataan from TG 58.3 deployed as three waves the 386 Vought F4U Corsair and Grumman F6F Hellcat fighter-bomber as well as Curtiss SB2C Helldiver crash bomber and Grumman TBF/TBM Avenger torpedo bomber to combat the compartment.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

[3] Yamato's radars detected the approaching aircraft, so it had sufficient time to man the anti-aircraft guns and prepare for the upcoming attack.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

[3] The first wave of aircraft reached the compartment at 12:30am, which opened interceptor fire towards the attacking aircraft as well as commencing evasive maneuvers.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

Despite the action, Yamato was hit by two armour-penetrating bombs and one torpedo.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

Yahagi, Isokaze and Kasumi were sunk and additionally damaged Hamakaze and Suzutsuki were forced to disengage from the battle.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

Hamakaze later sank.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

Despite the loss, Yamato and the ships that survived the attack continued to fight.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

The second and third wave of attacks struck between 1:20 p.m. and 2:15 p.m.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

[3] By 2:02 p.m., Yamato had received a total of eight hits from torpedoes and ten hits from bombs.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

As a result of the hits, there was severe damage to Yamato's hull and machinery, and the ship's interior began to fill with water.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

Vice Admiral Itō understood the ship was sinking, so he ordered the crew to abort the mission and abandon ship immediately.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

The message was relayed to other ships by means of flags, as Yamato's communications systems had been destroyed.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

At 2:05 p.m., Yamato's planes stopped for good, and the ship began to sink.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

At 2:15pm, masses of water that flooded the interior tipped the ship at a 90-degree angle to its side, and a fire started around the same time reached the ammunition depot.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

The fire caused a huge explosion at the ammunition depot.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

Eyewitness accounts claim that the plume of smoke emitted by the explosion soared to a height of miles and that the sound of the explosion carried as far as Japan.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

The ship sank more than 200 miles off its target, Okinawa.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

In the sinking of the Yamato, 2475 crew members lost their lives, accompanied by Vice Admiral Itō, who had decided to go with his ship.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

The destruction in Yamato was the tenth most serious military platform defeat of World War II, in terms of human life.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

[8] Compared to Japanese losses, the losses of the US were very minimal: ten aircraft and twelve aircrew members.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

Surviving with mild damage, the destroyer ships Fuyuzuki, Yukikaze and Hatsushimo rescued 269 Yamato crew members and some 1350 men from other sunken ships from the sea.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

While some reports suggested that US aircraft shelled marines floating in the water, other Japanese sources said the US forces temporarily ended their attacks and allowed the destroyers to collect surviving crew members from the sea.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

The sinking of the Yamato marked for many Japanese the end of their country's military might, but the sailors who perished in the sinking of the ship in Japan were greatly rehabilitated and Seiichi Itō was posthumously promoted from vice admiral to admiral.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

The wreck of Yamato lies at a depth of about 300 metres and has been explored in 1985 and 1999.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

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Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

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Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

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Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

) | title = Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1922-1946| location = London, England| publisher = Conway Maritime Press| year = 1987| id = ISBN 0-85177-146-7| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Sturtor, Ian (ed.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

) | title = Conway's Battleships: The Definitive Visual Reference to the World's All-Big-Gun Ships, revised and expanded edition| location = London, England| publisher = Conway| year = 2008| id=ISBN 9781844860685| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only use for File namespace.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

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Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

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Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

References Elsewhere (in Japanese) Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

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Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

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Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

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Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

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Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

Photos of Kure's Yamato Museum miniature model Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

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Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

Photos of Yamato wreck Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

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Question: When did Yamato graduate?

Yamato (battleship)

Coordinates: Category:Pacific wrecks class:Yamato class battleships Class:Japanese World War II battleships Category:Key articles of screening


Question: When did Tony Iommi start playing guitar?

Tony Iommi

Anthony Frank “Tony” Iommi (born 19 February 1948, Birmingham, England) is an English heavy guitarist and a founding member of Black Sabbath.


Question: When did Tony Iommi start playing guitar?

Tony Iommi

He is the only member of the band to have been with the band throughout its existence.


Question: When did Tony Iommi start playing guitar?

Tony Iommi

Tony Iommi is considered one of the most prominent heavy metal guitarists.


Question: When did Tony Iommi start playing guitar?

Tony Iommi

Especially his skill at developing riffs is held in appreciation.


Question: When did Tony Iommi start playing guitar?

Tony Iommi

In addition, Iommi's guitaring has a lot of blues influences.


Question: When did Tony Iommi start playing guitar?

Tony Iommi

Iommi has also produced records by other artists and has also visited many artists' recordings.


Question: When did Tony Iommi start playing guitar?

Tony Iommi

Childhood and early days of career The Iommi family originally originated in Italy, from where they had emigrated to Britain and his parents worked as merchants in Aston, Birmingham.


Question: When did Tony Iommi start playing guitar?

Tony Iommi

Tony Iommi attended the same school as future band mate Ozzy Osbourne in his childhood.


Question: When did Tony Iommi start playing guitar?

Tony Iommi

As a youth, Iommi pursued martial arts such as boxing, judo and wrestling, in the former he was talented.


Question: When did Tony Iommi start playing guitar?

Tony Iommi

At his school, Iommi belonged to the so-called. “to the tough guys” and was a popular pupil.


Question: When did Tony Iommi start playing guitar?

Tony Iommi

He became interested in guitar playing as a teenager after hearing Hank Marvin and the band The Shadows play.


Question: When did Tony Iommi start playing guitar?

Tony Iommi

Iommi has always been a left-handed guitarist.


Question: When did Tony Iommi start playing guitar?

Tony Iommi

Iommi's first band in which he played was the Rockin' Chevrolets from 1964—1965.


Question: When did Tony Iommi start playing guitar?

Tony Iommi

Accident and impact on playing at the age of 17, he had an accident in a metal plate factory in which he lost the fingertips of the middle and ring finger of his right hand.


Question: When did Tony Iommi start playing guitar?

Tony Iommi

The accident was a particular bummer because it happened just a day before he would have quit work and become a full-time musician.


Question: When did Tony Iommi start playing guitar?

Tony Iommi

A depressed Iommi considered quitting guitar playing, but a factory manager brought him an album by Django Reinhardt, from which Iommi drew new inspiration.


Question: When did Tony Iommi start playing guitar?

Tony Iommi

Reinhardt had lost some of his fingers, but continued to play nonetheless.


Question: When did Tony Iommi start playing guitar?

Tony Iommi

Because Iommi plays left-handed, the guitar strings caused pains in those severed fingers.


Question: When did Tony Iommi start playing guitar?

Tony Iommi

He also tried playing right-handed, but learning would have taken too much time in his opinion.


Question: When did Tony Iommi start playing guitar?

Tony Iommi

Later, Iommi is annoyed that he did not continue to practice right-handed playing longer, as this would have made guitaring easier in the future.


Question: When did Tony Iommi start playing guitar?

Tony Iommi

Using a melted Fairy detergent bottle, Iommi made homemade prosthetics to replace broken fingertips.


Question: When did Tony Iommi start playing guitar?

Tony Iommi

He then began using very thin strings first and later tuning his guitar three pitch lower to make stresses in the strings lower.


Question: When did Tony Iommi start playing guitar?

Tony Iommi

Instead of traditional chords, he began to use simpler power chords.


Question: When did Tony Iommi start playing guitar?

Tony Iommi

This contributed to the development of his heavy and well-known sound, as well as his riff-winning playing.


Question: When did Tony Iommi start playing guitar?

Tony Iommi

Today, as a protection for broken fingers, he also uses special plastic covers.


Question: When did Tony Iommi start playing guitar?

Tony Iommi

Prior to Black Sabbath In 1966—1967, Iommi played in a band called The Rest, with future Sabbath drummer Bill Ward serving as drummer and vocalist.


Question: When did Tony Iommi start playing guitar?

Tony Iommi

Iommi and Ward subsequently joined a blues rock band called Mythology, active right up until August 1968.


Question: When did Tony Iommi start playing guitar?

Tony Iommi

Subsequently, Iommi and Ward met bassist Geezer Butler and vocalist Ozzy Osbourne, whose band Rare Breed had also broken up around the same time.


Question: When did Tony Iommi start playing guitar?

Tony Iommi

Osbourne had put a notice for “Ozzy Zig needs gig” in the window of the music store, which Ward had noticed.


Question: When did Tony Iommi start playing guitar?

Tony Iommi

Iommi remembered Ozzy from his school days when he had teased him, but decided to try to collaborate anyway.