Question: What is synonymous with schizophrenia?

schizophrenia

[181] Under the guidance, schizophrenia and such conditions are counted as a permanent condition under which adoption should be automatically banned if the disease is in one of the applicants.


Question: What is synonymous with schizophrenia?

schizophrenia

Consideration is recommended only for previously ill patients with mental illnesses considered temporary.


Question: What is synonymous with schizophrenia?

schizophrenia

[182] The Health and Social Care Ethics Advisory Board Advance recommends, taking the position on the guideline, that the eligibility assessment be based on a case-by-case assessment of functional capacity for parenting, rather than individual medical diagnoses.


Question: What is synonymous with schizophrenia?

schizophrenia

[181] Blood and stem cell donation Schizophrenia diagnosis prevents blood donation [183] and entry into the stem cell registry.


Question: What is synonymous with schizophrenia?

schizophrenia

[184] The blood service justifies the prevention of blood donation by the fact that they have identified an increase in stress hormone levels due to blood loss to be linked to worsening and re-emergence of symptoms of mental illness.


Question: What is synonymous with schizophrenia?

schizophrenia

For mental illnesses, however, it is possible to assess the situation individually, for example through medical records, especially if the schizophrenic has been healthy and without medication for years.


Question: What is synonymous with schizophrenia?

schizophrenia

[185] On the other hand, it has been noted that stigmatisation and related discrimination also chronically raise stress hormone levels, which may increase the risk of recurrence of psychosis many times over, for example, intermittent blood donation [4] [186].


Question: What is synonymous with schizophrenia?

schizophrenia

Associations for people with schizophrenia have been established in 2010 by the Association of Finnish Schizophrenia Association under the Confederation of Mental Health.


Question: What is synonymous with schizophrenia?

schizophrenia

[187] There is also an association for all people who hear hearing hallucinations, the Finnish Polyphonic Association, founded in 1996, which shares information, maintains a weekly on-call support phone and organises conversation and peer support meetings in different localities and online.


Question: What is synonymous with schizophrenia?

schizophrenia

[188] See also List of known schizophrenics Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Saraste, Hein| title = Fair Schizo: Life of Kalevi Rinne| publisher = Into| year = 2011| id = ISBN 978-952-2640-72-7}} Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What is synonymous with schizophrenia?

schizophrenia

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What is synonymous with schizophrenia?

schizophrenia

Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What is synonymous with schizophrenia?

schizophrenia

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What is synonymous with schizophrenia?

schizophrenia

Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Ancient Egypt, or Egypt of the pharaohs, was in northeastern Africa, primarily in the area of present-day Egypt and Sudan, roughly during the period 3150—30 BCE.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

flourished historical civilization.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

It was one of the oldest high cultures in the world.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

For most of its history, ancient Egypt was ruled by kings, or pharaohs.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Farming arrived in Egypt in the Stone Age around 5500 BCE.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

by.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

It initiated population growth and eventually the creation of large agglomerations and city-states.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Egypt emerged as city-states ruled by local tribes, the nomos, united in wars eventually under the rule of a single ruler.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The unified Egyptian Empire emerged from the unification of Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt around 3150 BCE.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

At its strongest, Egypt was a superpower whose influence stretched from Syria to Libya and Nubia.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The history of Egypt is divided into dynasties, ruler genera whose kings, or pharaohs, ruled the country from about the 300th century BCE.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

all the way up to the year 30 BC.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

until.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The three thousand-year history of the kingdom included three heyday periods: the Old Empire, the Middle Kingdom, and the New Empire.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Each kingdom was followed by one intermediate period marked by turmoil and anarchy.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Finally, Egypt became part of the Roman Empire.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Egyptian settlement was mainly concentrated along the Nile and its fertile shores up to a few kilometres wide.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The country's business life depended on the annual floods of the Nile, which spread fertile, black silt to the land.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Large harvests were made possible by large populations and cities, the most notable of which were Memfis, Thebes, Heliopolis, Sais and Tanis.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The Egyptians built large tomb monuments to their kings, many of which, such as the pyramids of Giza, have survived until modern times.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

They also decorated their tombs with objects, paintings and inscriptions, thanks to which Ancient Egyptian culture is quite well known today.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The discipline that studies Egypt is called Egyptology.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Name The ancient Egyptians referred to their own land as kemet, meaning “black earth”, which meant cultivable land.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The name of the uninhabited desert was deshret, meaning “red earth”; this name they also used from all foreign lands.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The Egyptians referred to themselves as remet-en-kemet, “the people of the Black Earth”.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[1] The country's current name Egypt comes from its Greek name Aigyptos.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

It derives from the Egyptian name of the city of Memphis, hat-ka-ptah, meaning house of the creator god Ptah's ka-soul.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[2] The history of Egyptian prehistory (pre-dynastic) and Egyptian unification with North Africa's wetter-than-current climate began to dry out around 5000 BCE.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

As a result, nomads in the area sought to the Nile Valley, where cattle could graze and land could be farmed.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The green belt formed by the banks and estuary of the Nile Valley and the oases on the western side of the river allowed foraging beyond the needs of the population, making the genesis of Egypt's high culture possible.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[3] The Egyptian Neolithic period began around 5000 BCE.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

and lasted until about 3500 BCE.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

until.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Its main cultures were the Badari and Naqada cultures, during which there was a shift to the use of copper.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The future organized society and culture is already anticipated by necropolises and religious artefacts.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[4] With the advent of writing skills, a historical period of the years 3100−3000 BCE began in Egypt.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

around [5].


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Egyptian culture was already fully developed in its essentials by the beginning of the historical period.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The rules of art and the writing system were the same as in later times, and the Egyptian concept of dualism had already emerged.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Desert roads and trade links with the rest of the world were also probably already complete.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The Nile was practically the only thoroughfare.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

In the south, though, connections were limited by the waterfalls of the Nile, or cataracts.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[6] Egyptian imasto of the year 3000 BC.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

around the time was apparently cooler and wetter than today and the fauna richer than today [7].


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Prior to the unification of Egypt by the years 3100—3000 BCE.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

around the time the country consisted of two cultural districts, southern Upper Egypt and northern Lower Egypt.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

These additionally consisted of several petty states ruled by princes.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[8] Upper Egypt's capital was Nekhen (Hierakonpolis) and Buto of Lower Egypt [9].


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Even before 3200 BC.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

was an Upper Egyptian culture spread to Lower Egypt, possibly as a result of population growth, trade policies, or climate change.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Egypt was united around the years 3100 and 3000 BCE.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

between.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Most likely, Upper Egypt, more developed than its neighbour, took over Lower Egypt, but there is no definite record of this.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[10] The pharaohs Menes, Narmer and Hor-Aha are mentioned as unifiers of Egypt.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Historical research is however unable to tell whether three different pharaohs were involved, or whether the name Menes referred to either Narmer or Hor-Aha. [11].


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Palettes preserved from the period of Egyptian unification include images of the eradication expeditions of pre-unification Upper Egyptian kings to Lower Egypt, among other things.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[12] Early Dynastic, or Thinite period 3000—2686 BCE. Dynasties 1—2, Egypt consisted of two clearly distinctive parts after unification.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

This was reflected in the pharaoh's double crown and the pharaoh's titles “King of Upper and Lower Egypt” and “Lord of Both Lands”; moreover, in other languages, the name of Egypt was always “two countries”.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

There are no definite records of the first two dynasties.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The kings of both dynasties hailed from Thinisi, in whose region they were buried in their mastaba tombs, but the first capital of a united Egypt was Memphis, located on the border between the two countries [13].


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The royal tombs of that time were still made of clay brick and undecorated.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[14] Old Empire 2686—2160 BCE., Dynasties 3—6 The Old Empire was the first great heyday of Egyptian culture.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

During that time, the Pharaoh's might was at its greatest, and the pharaohs called the son of the sun god Ra built huge monuments, temples and pyramids made of stone for themselves.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The Stair Pyramid of Sakkara, built by Pharaoh Djoser of the Third Dynasty, was the first monumental stone building.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Builders of the largest pyramids were Khufu (Greek: Kheops), Khafre and Menkaure of the Fourth Dynasty.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[15] At the foot of the pyramids of Giza they built, a sphinx showing a human headed lion was also mined from the rock.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[16] During the Old Empire, Egyptian relief art and inscription were not yet as refined as in later periods [17].


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The first evidence of Egyptian foreign trade dates from the Fifth Dynasty [18].


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The power of the pharaoh declined towards the end of the period as the leaders of the fiefs, or nomoses, wowed more power to themselves.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The longest-time ruler was Pharaoh Pepi II, but shortly after his death, disputes over succession to power began.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The old kingdom ended in a jumbled intermediate period when unconsciousness arose about the Pharaoh's successor and the local superiority began to pursue power.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[19] First Intermediate Period 2160—2055 BCE, Dynasties 7—10 After the dissolution of the Old Empire, the central government imploded and the kingdom sank into chaos.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Typical features of the era included widespread violence, looting of tombs and temples, labour shortages and famine.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Civil war was fought in some parts and on the other, other kingdoms took advantage of Egypt's weakness and invaded the country.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Some parts of the country remained admittedly peaceful, as they were ruled by local fiefdom princes.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

These began to exercise the titles of king themselves and established parallel dynasties.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

During the Seventh Dynasty, the pharaohs switched to the strict.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Not much is known about the Eighth and Ninth Dynasties, but the latter ruled possibly for a time the whole country.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The Tenth and Eleventh Dynasties waged battles against each other until the Eleventh Dynasty finally managed to reunify the country.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[20] The problems of the first intermediate period were exacerbated by the drying out of the climate, which had begun in the 13th century BCE.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The ancient savannas deserted and to secure farming, the Egyptians were forced to create a diverse system of canals.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Control of the canal system gave county princes even more power.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

At the same time, they also set about taxing the crop.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[21] Middle Kingdom 2055—around 1650 BCE., dynasties 11—12 The middle kingdom, or middle kingdom, comprised the 11th and 12th dynasties.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

At its beginning, Intef I and Mentuhotep II of the South reunited fragmented Egypt.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Art, literature, commerce and language flourished.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

During the Middle Kingdom, kings were usually buried in rock tombs.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Pyramids were also built, but they were smaller than previously thought and made poor use of time-resistant clay brick.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[22] Amenemhat-Itjtawi was established as the capital of the kingdom near Lisht in the time of Amenemhat I.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Egypt expanded southwards, to Nubia.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[23] The swampy Faijum area was taken up for farming use by dams and landing canals and the reservoir of Lake Moeris was built [24].


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

By the Second Intermediate Period 1650—1550 BCE, Dynasties 13—17 The Pharaohs' grip on power had faded by the end of the 12th Dynasty, and the kingdom began to disintegrate.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The 13th Dynasty was admittedly still a peaceful time, even though the 14th Dynasty ruled in parallel with it.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The periods of the pharaohs were often quite short, and not very much is known about the time.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

After Eje, the pharaohs lost their grip on the whole land and eventually no longer controlled the environment of Thebes.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The Hyksos from Asia conquered and founded the 15th Dynasty.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The Hyksos brought a horse to the land, adopted the customs of the Egyptians, and chose Seth as their god.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

As their capital, they took the estuary Avaris and left Upper Egypt in the hands of the resistance.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The Egyptians' own 17th dynasty ruled from there in parallel with the Hykso dynasties, and eventually the Hyksos were expelled from Egypt by the 18th Dynasty at first.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[25] New Empire 1550—1069 BCE, dynasties 18—20 The new kingdom represented the true Great Power period of Egypt.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The kingdom was at its greatest under Pharaoh Thutmosis III of the 18th Dynasty: it stretched from the eastern parts of the Mediterranean as far as the Fourth Cataract of the Nile in the south.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Great warrior pharaohs were, besides him, Ramses II and Ramses III.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The period is also known for its impressive temples in Luxor, such as the temples of Karnak and Luxor, as well as the Valley of the Kings, the grave site of many pharaohs.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

One of the greatest builders of the period was Amenhotep III.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[26] During the 18th Dynasty, which hailed from Thebes, Egypt underwent a rare religious change when Pharaoh Akhenaten elevated the sun god Aton to chief god, thus dethroning the mighty clergy of Thebes for eighty years.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

In this so-called amarna period, Egyptian art also became more free and natural [27].


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Akhenaten was soon followed by Tutankhamon, who died at a young age, during which Amon's power was restored, and who is remembered for his well-preserved tomb.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[28] The military capture of Horemheb, the commander-in-chief of the army, at the end of the dynasty brought strict discipline into the administration of the country, and the cult of Aton was eradicated once and for all.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[29] During the pharaohs of the 19th Dynasty, especially during the reigns of Seti I and Ramses II, Egypt rose to the peak of its greatness.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Ramses II, who ruled for 67 years, built numerous temples and gigantic look-out statues.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[30] Ramses's successor Merenptah repelled the Libyan attack [31].


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Egypt's last great pharaoh is considered Ramses III of the 20th Dynasty, after which the country can be said to have embarked on a very slow cultural downhill from which it no longer returned to its former glory.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Ramses III was followed by a series of new Ramses whose reigns were left invalid.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

By the end of the dynasty, pharaoh's power had been confined to the estuary, and in troubled Upper Egypt power was held by the clergy of Amun.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[32] Third Intermediate Period 1069—747 BCE, Dynasties 21—24 at the end of the 20th Dynasty, High Priest, Commander-in-Chief of the Egyptian Army and Viceroy of Nubia Herihor took power for himself in the south at the same time that Ramses XI still ruled in the north.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

After Ramses's death, Smendes I rose to power in the north, but the clergy continued to hold power in the south, and the beginning of the 21st dynasty has been called the “priestly dynasty”.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[33] The Libyan-born 22nd dynasty was founded by Shoshenk I, and north and south were united again.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Parallel to the 22nd Dynasty emerged in the Southern Delta to rule the 23rd Dynasty, followed by the 24th Dynasty, and three kings had been proclaimed for the country as the Nubians began to move again in the south.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[34] Late period 747—332 BCE, dynasties 25—31 The twenty-fifth dynasty of Egypt, or “Kushite dynasty” or “Nubian dynasty”, originated from the Kush country of Nubia, whose capital was Napata.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Nubia, the southernmost part of Egypt, had gradually broken away from Egyptian influence and gained independence.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The Amon cult had also gained a strong foothold in Nubia.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Under the Piye king, the Nubians took over Egypt and ruled it for about a hundred years.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

During this period, tomb pyramids were again built in Egypt after a thousand-year hiatus.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

From Taharqa's reign, their grip on Egypt began to slip, weakened by the Assyrians.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

During the Tanutaman period, the final withdrawal of the Nubians from Egypt took place.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[35] Psametik I founded the so-called Saite 26th dynasty of Egypt and ruled for 50 years.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

In his day, Egypt, after a break in tradition, pursued its old glory, and time was peaceful.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Of the pharaohs of the dynasty, the most notable was Nekau II.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

He built a canal to link the Nile and Red Sea, as well as establishing Egypt's first proper fleet.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[36] The Persian king Kambyses II took over Egypt and land began in 525 BCE.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

rule the Persian 27th Dynasty.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

In 404 BC.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Amyrtaios rebelled against the Persians and founded the 28th Dynasty.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

In this case, Egypt regained its independence for some time.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

In 398 BC.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Nefaarud I founded the 29th Dynasty.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

In 380 BC.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Nektanebo I seized power and established the 30th Dynasty, which also remained the last Egyptian-born dynasty.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

In 343 BC.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The Persian king Artaxerxes III retook Egypt and established the 31st dynasty, which was the last numbered dynasty.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[37] Hellenistic period 332—30 BC.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Alexander the Great recaptured Egypt in 332 BCE.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

After his death, the Macedonian-born Ptolemy I became ruler of Egypt, who later proclaimed himself king and pharaoh.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[38] Alexandria, founded by Alexander in the Nile Delta, became the capital of Egypt as early as the 320s BCE.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

and the Centre for Hellenistic Culture and Science, the site of the most famous educational institution of its time, the Library of Alexandria.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[39] The last Ptolemy ruler of Egypt was Queen Cleopatra VII, who ruled Egypt until 30 BC.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

In this case, the Roman general Octavianus took Egypt and made it a Roman province, at the same time consolidating his own power: he became the first of the Roman emperors, monarch-named Augustus.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

With Cleopatra's suicide, an independent Egypt ceased to exist.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[40] Administration Ancient Egypt was an absolute monarchy in statesmanship, meaning the pharaoh was a complete monarchy.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

He dictated laws and regulations and elected officials and priests.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The king was also the supreme warlord of the land, and many pharaohs took part in the war expeditions themselves.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

He was also responsible for diplomatic and trade relations in foreign countries, often through marriages.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[41] The highest official in Egypt was the vizier who was in charge of overseeing the executive.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

At some times there was one vizier, but in the New Empire, Upper and Lower Egypt had their own vizier.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The vizier was the king's deputy, oversaw the administration, and performed duties related to jurisdiction.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

He was also responsible for the construction of the king's tomb.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[42] A wide and privileged civil service in relation to the common people led the major projects of business.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Artists, craftsmen, scribes and scientists were also included in them.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Officials were often rewarded with an upscale priesthood at the end of their careers.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[43] The administrative regions, or counties, of Egypt were particularly responsible for tax collection, land allocation and recruitment of labour.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Provincial governors were also high priests of local temples until the time of the New Empire.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Governors take care of the justice and order of their county with the police department.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[44] Law in Egypt was reportedly written law even before the Late Period: according to one Greek writer, Pharaoh had prepared a collection of eight books of law.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The pharaoh was the supreme judge and his word was law, but in practice high officials and vizors acted as judges.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Maath, the concept of righteousness, was used as a principle of justice.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Sometimes judgment was requested from the oracle.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Forms of punishment included death, expulsion, and imprisonment, for example for desertion from military service or escaping from government work.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[45] The armed forces in Egypt did not yet have a standing army by the time of the Old Empire, but the army was summoned and trained if necessary.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The wage army was introduced in the Old Reich.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The weapons of the Egyptian army at that time included the mace, war axe, dagger, shield, spear, extractor and bow.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[46] Weapons technology developed considerably at the beginning of the New Empire, when the Hyksos brought into the country a horse and chariots, which the Egyptians took for their own use as soon as the Hyksos left the country.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The Egyptians' chariot contained two men, a pilot and a warrior who wielded a bow, and the chariots were pulled by a pair harness.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

A bronze tip began to be used on the quilts, and bronze was also used for protective equipment for soldiers.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The sickle sword was adopted from the Asians.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The Egyptians had no warships, which is why their routes, especially on the Eastern Front, were often predictable.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[47] The only one known of the Egyptian expeditions is Pharaoh Ramses II's war against the Hittites in 1274 BCE.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Ramses's army set out to conquer the fortress town of Kadeš from two directions, but they were ambushed by the Hittites.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Ramses's forces were almost wiped out, but with the help of reinforcements, he managed to retreat back to Egypt, where the war expedition was celebrated as a great victory.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[48] Population The population of Egypt has been estimated at the time of the country's unification in 3000 BCE.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

from about half a million inhabitants to one and a half million.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

During the Old Empire, the population was between 2 and 2.5 million and 4.5 million during the New Empire.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

By the time the Romans occupied the country its population may have been as high as 8 million, although more general estimates are roughly in the category of five million inhabitants.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[50] The population numbers of the largest cities moved in a few tens of thousands [51].


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The infant mortality rate in Ancient Egypt has been estimated at 30%, with an average lifespan of 30—40 years for an Egyptian who survived to become an adult.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[50] Genetically, the population of ancient Egypt was closely related to the peoples of the Near East, the Anatolian Peninsula and Europe.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The gene lineage of Black Africa did not exist in Egyptians at that time in the present quantities.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[52] The Egyptians were light-skinned in the Mediterranean, and they resembled mainly modern day Greeks in appearance.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[49] Society Ancient Egypt was divided into strict social classes, but through education the working boys could rise to the upper classes too.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The highest-ranking of all was the pharaoh, lower than whom were members of the clergy and the overlords.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Beneath these were soldiers, then scribes, merchants and craftsmen.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The second lowest class was formed by farmers, below which were only labourers, most of whom were slaves.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[53] Pharaoh Pharaoh was the sole leader of ancient Egypt.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

He was worshipped as a terrestrial manifestation of the god Horus, son of Isis and Osiris [55], and later as the son of the sun god Ra [56].


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Pharaoh's duties included, among other things, leading an army and worshipping the Egyptian gods.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Pharaoh must always strive in his decisions to uphold Maath, justice [57].


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Some of the most prominent and famous pharaohs Clergy The priests of ancient Egypt handled the worship expenditures in the temples: they delivered offering deliveries and recited prayers.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

At the top of the hierarchy was the High Priest, below which were the lay priests in charge of the temple cult, wab priests changing every four months.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

In addition to them, there were full-time ritual and reader priests with training for their work.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[72] Egyptian priests were not spiritual leaders, preachers or religious experts, as priests are today [73].


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

At the end of the New Empire, clergy power grew so mighty that it assumed power over Upper Egypt from the pharaoh [74] Slaves Actual slavery in Egypt did not exist in the oldest times, but serfdom was common [74].


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The slaves in Egypt were mostly prisoners of war imported from other countries.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

With the expeditions of conquest of the new kingdom, many slaves were obtained, especially from Nubia, Canaan Land and Syria, as well as from the sea peoples.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

An Egyptian who was unable to pay his debts may also have been slaved, but debt slavery was abolished in the Late Period.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[75] At the time of Roman rule, 10% of the inhabitants of Egypt are estimated to have been slaves.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Slaves worked variously in various capacities, often especially on the holdings of pharaohs, overlords and clergy.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Slavery was often heritable.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

No actual slave market is known to have existed.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The status of slaves in Egypt was relatively good compared to other societies, and did not always differ from that of an ordinary laborer.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Prisoners of war were not always slaved for life; instead, after a certain period of time, they might be let go free.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[75] Architecture Tombs and Pyramids The pharaohs of the first two dynasties of the Old Empire initially built low pew-like clay brick mastabas as their tombs.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Stair pyramids formed from mastabas laid out on top of each other.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[76] Of these, the first made of stone and therefore well preserved was the stair pyramid of the Third Dynasty pharaoh Djoser at Sakkara.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The great pyramids of Giza were built by the pharaohs of the Fourth Dynasty, the largest of which is originally the 146 metre high Pyramid of Kheops.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[77] Subsequently, the appreciation of the pyramids began to decrease: they began to be built smaller than before, and poorer preserved materials were used as building materials.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[78] The pharaohs of the New Empire were buried in the inaccessible rock tombs of the Valley of the Kings and more easily guarded than the pyramids.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

By the time of the 21st Dynasty, royal mummies were gathered together and concealed in safe hiding places.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

One of these was the tomb of Amenhotep II, discovered in 1898, containing a total of 16 royal mummies.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Another similar cache was also discovered in the 19th century.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[79] Temples Ancient Egyptian god temples were intended for the maintenance of the state religion; they were ruled by priests, and were places forbidden to common people.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

At the heart of the Great Temple was the “most holy”, an enclosed dark chamber where the god lived and where the image of the god was.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[80] The pharaohs were taken to their pyramidal tomb through the valley temple and the temple of death that were connected to the pyramid.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

At the death temple, daily rites were supplied to the king after his death, guaranteeing his well-being in the afterlife.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

After kings began to be buried in rock tombs, the Temple of Death became their only visible monument.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Most of these temples have already disappeared.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[81] The Sphinx of Giza is located on the Giza Plateau in front of the Pyramid of Khefren.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

It is a statue about 20 metres high and 73.5 metres tall with a human face and the body of a lion.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The sphinx is hewn into limestone projecting from the bedrock.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Within it are three shafts, inside of which nothing has been found.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[82] There is no full certainty as to the identity of the sphinx at Giza, although most often it is considered to portray Pharaoh Khafre, who ruled during the Fourth Dynasty.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

According to some theories, the Sphinx might also present Khafre's predecessors Djedefra or Khufu.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Between its front paws there may have been a statue of a king; now it has a so-called unisteela.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[82] Sphinxes also exist in other parts of Egypt, such as Karnak, and some of them have the head of a ram or a hawk.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

In Egypt, the Sphinxes had a mythological connection with the sun god and pharaoh.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[82] Obelisks Obelisks were columns of a single stone, usually of red granite, quadrangular at the base and upwardly tapered, with a pyramid-shaped pinnacle.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Obelisks were symbols of the sun god.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Two obelisks usually stood in front of an ancient Egyptian temple.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[83] Culture Language The inhabitants of ancient Egypt spoke the Egyptian language, which belongs to the Afro-Asiatic language.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Egypt is already a dead language, but its grammar is well known.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

During the Old Empire, ancient Egyptian was spoken: about it, in particular, pyramidal texts have been preserved, which were written in the rooms of the pyramids.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

During the Middle Kingdom, spoken Egyptian was called Middle Egyptian, meaning Classical Egyptian.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The Egyptian of the New Empire was neogyptic, later evolving into the Coptic language.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[84] Writing skills were invented in Egypt no later than 3200—3100 BCE.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The Egyptians' writing system, hieroglyphics, may have arrived from Mesopotamia, or the Egyptians had exported their hieroglyphs or their idea as Mesopotamian pictorial writing.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[84] According to some timings, there would have been hieroglyphs in the tomb of a king named Scorpio I between 3300 and 3200 BCE.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

and in some pot shards from 3400—3300 BCE.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[85] The use of hieroglyphs declined by the period of Ptolemy and Roman rule at the latest.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Once and for all, their use was abandoned by 300 shares., at which time Egyptian began to be written in Greek letters, to which seven demotic characters were added.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The reason for the abandonment of old scripture was probably that Egypt had already become a Christian country, and hieroglyphs were considered pagan.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[86] There are four types of hieroglyphics in the content text: individual sound signs, characters in groups of letters, word marks, and unpronounceable, clarifying characters.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Some of the hieroglyphics are pure picture writing.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Hieroglyphs were not learned to reinterpret until the early 19th century.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[87] In addition to the hieroglyphs used in monumental writing, hieratic inscription also developed for administrative documents at the same time.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

It was a simplified italic developed from hieroglyphs, which is considerably faster and easier to write than hieroglyphs.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

In the 6th century BCE.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

hieroglyph writing evolved into a demotic script similar to shorthand.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[88] Writing was the work of scribes.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Training aimed at the scribe profession was started at the age of ten in special schools, and after training the scribe became an apprentice to some experienced scribe.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The scribe profession was often inherited from father to son.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[89] Religion According to Herodotus, the Egyptians were the most pious people in the world, in all whose actions religion manifested itself.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Religion was evident in the huge temples of Egyptians and in monuments and tombs built for posthumous life, as well as in the embalming and burial feasts of the deceased, oracles and incantations.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[90] Egyptians believed their gods to be present in the “most sacred” inner room of their temples, where food was sacrificed to them daily.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Animals whose cults were important to Egyptians were also preserved in the temples.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[91] The ancient Egyptians believed that the world arose from the underground Nun Sea, although in the depiction of the creation event itself there were more schools of clergy in the country.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

According to the belief of the Egyptians, above them, the god of space Šu held the sky.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[92] The sun they believed would rise in the morning from the sea and set in the evening in the Underworld.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The gods of the Egyptians ruled from the macrocosm and the pharaoh from the microcosm.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Between these worlds there was an agreement of assistance between humans and gods, whereby the gods rang people a good harvest as a reward for their feat.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Gods Egyptians had hundreds, of which each Egyptian, or often an entire city, had its own favorite god.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Such local favourite gods included the creator god Ptah, the god of wisdom Thoth, the god of the underworld Osiris, and the sun god Amon.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The common god of all was a pharaoh, an intermediary between gods and humans.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[93] The Egyptian gods each had their own animalistic manifestation, such as a cow, crocodile, lion, ibis bird or falcon.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[94] The Egyptians believed that man would be subjected to the Last Judgment of Osiris when he died, in which his heart would be weighed before the gods.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The heart would be placed on the scales, with the feather of justice as a counterweight.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

If the feather and the heart were the same weight, the man was allowed into the afterlife, but if the heart was heavier than the feather, the deceased went into perdition.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

To paradise Egyptians were guided by the Book of the Dead, which contained spells and advice useful to the deceased.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[95] For post-mortem life, the Egyptians preserved the bodies by mummification.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The embalming took 70 days and, in its most expensive form, the deceased had his internal organs removed and preserved in lye salt.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

After preservation, he was washed, wrapped in bandages and buried.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Egyptians mummified animals as well.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[96] The religion of the Egyptians was also central to ka, a multifaceted concept that meant conceiving and surviving life forces, the warehouse from which all life originated.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[97] In the Amarna period, Pharaoh Akhenaton elevated the god Aton to be the supreme god for a short time, to the dismay of the Egyptian clergy.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[98] The Egyptian religion, possibly the very cult of Akhenaton, has been considered to have had an influence on the birth of single-god Judaism, and may also have inspired some myths of Christianity.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Many features of Ancient Egyptian religion have survived until modern times in the Coptic Christian Church of the country. [99].


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Art Ancient Egyptian art encompasses countless arts and crafts, paintings, reliefs and statues.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The Egyptians themselves were unfamiliar with the concept of art, and there was no word for it in their language.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The artists were craftsmen whose job was to produce beautiful works, usually for religious purposes.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[100] Most of the art in Egypt is tomb art, which was intended to serve as the residence of the soul and to guarantee the deceased a good life in the afterlife. [101].


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Egyptian art was very regular.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The faces and feet of people depicted on a flat surface were always depicted facing from the side, but with the chest and hands directly from the front.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Artists often preferred symmetry as well, but perspective was not used.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

It was considered more important than the resemblance to include all the character, including one that could not be seen.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Pharaohs were often presented as younger and more upbeat than real.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[102] Men's skin was painted darker than women's, children had a finger in their mouths, and living people were depicted taking a step in it while the dead had their feet together.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[103] Color symbolism also played an important part, with each colour having a symbolic meaning [104].


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Egyptian art reached its most sophisticated period during the Middle Empire, and the decadence of art did not begin until the Ptolemy period.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[105] Literature from Ancient Egypt has survived a wide variety of texts, including religious texts, moralistic writings, science texts, descriptions of trials, poems, fairy tales, stories, plays, autobiographies, and memoir works.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Religious texts notably included the Book of the Dead, coffin texts (pyramid texts), anthems, and prayers.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[106] The most famous examples of classical prose are the story of a shipwrecked sailor and the story of Sinuhe (which is a different story from writer Mika Waltari's Sinuhe Egyptian) [107].


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Love poetry flourished in Egypt especially during the New Empire [108].


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

In Egyptian life instruction literature, fathers often taught their wisdom to their sons or teachers counseled their students.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Pharaoh Khufu's son Hardjedef wrote to his own son thus during the Fourth Dynasty: [109] Science Egyptians were not interested in science for its own sake, but used the means of science for practical gain.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Mathematics they used for their pyramids and other buildings, astronomy was needed to determine time and calendars, and medicine the Egyptians utilized in the embalming of corpses required by their religion.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Egyptian history writing, too, was catalogued and enlivened by fairy tales.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[110] Astronomy the Egyptians knew somewhat, but they could not explain most of the phenomena of the starry sky [111].


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The medicine of the Egyptians was largely based on superstition, but bone surgery and eye care were at a high level.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[112] The Egyptians used the summation method to mark the figures so that chapters 1, 10, 100, 1000, etc. had their own characters, the number of which represented the quantity of that unit.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

They didn't know zero, they only filmed it with empty space.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Nor did they know any potencies or roots, and they used few fractions.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Egyptians lowered silicon to 3.16.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[113] Calendar The ancient Egyptians divided the year into 12 months, each of which had 30 days in three 10-day periods.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The extra five days were invested at the end of the year.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Leap year was not known.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

There were three seasons: flood, sowing and harvesting, and the year began on 19 July.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The Egyptians numbered the years from the beginning of the reign of the respective pharaoh, always starting with number one.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

There were 24 hours in the day.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Time was measured using sundials and water clocks.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[114] Austrian-American mathematician and science historian Otto Neugebauer has called the Egyptians' calendar “the most rational calendar ever developed”.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[115] On the basis of everyday grave finds, the most is known about the everyday life of Egyptian officials, who were privileged to have the opportunity to build and decorate their own tombs, whose artifacts and illustrations provide a fairly accurate picture of life.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Clearly less is known about the customs of ordinary Egyptians, and that, too, is usually told by officials.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[116] According to the Greek historian Herodotus, the customs of the Egyptians differed from those of other peoples in many respects.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The Egyptians lived, according to his description, closely with their animals, they ate outside on the streets, women visited the squares, and the men weaved at home (pushing the weft downwards, unlike the others).


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The Egyptians ate spelt, not wheat or barley.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The Egyptians were very cool, according to Herodotus: they washed their dishes and clothes frequently, and circumcised themselves for purity.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

In particular, the personal hygiene of priests was high.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[117] Housing Urban planning in Egyptian towns and villages was rare, with cities often expanding sporadically and sometimes elusively around some central building.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[118] The Egyptians built their dwelling houses out of clay bricks, and therefore not much has survived.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

However, from paintings and texts, as well as from grave objects, much detailed information about the living and home conditions of the time.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Furniture and other movable items have also been preserved thanks to the dry climate.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[119] The courtyard of the largest dwelling houses often had a decorated pond, which was also used for washing.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Inside there was often a bathroom and latrine.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

A stone slab served as a shower, on top of which the bather poured water over.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

A container filled with sand served as a toilet.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Beds often had a headrest instead of a pillow.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[120] The Egyptians ate on a rug or at a small table.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The chairs were low.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[121] Food in Egypt was generally sufficient food for all, and famines were rare.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Egyptian staple food consisted of bread, beer and vegetables, especially onions.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

There was always sand left among the bread, which consumed the teeth of the Egyptians.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Fish was also often eaten, as were a wide variety of fruits, especially dates and figs.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The meat was primarily enjoyed by the wealthier: the Egyptians kept pigs, goats, sheep, cows and geese, and furthermore hunted wild animals.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Spices were used a lot.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Wine was the drink of the wealthier people.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The common folk usually ate two meals a day.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[122] Marriage and Family Marriage ceremonies did not exist in Egypt and no images showing weddings have survived.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The wife's position was good.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Divorce was easy to obtain, and the wife's rights were equal.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Men usually had one wife, although polygamy was legal too and pharaohs sometimes had a harem.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

There were also incestuous marriages between father and daughter in royal circles; even ordinary folk often featured marriages between cousins.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[123] Also, non-royal men sometimes had concubines who lived in the family house without the rights of a wife.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

There was also some prostitution.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The wife's infidelity was often severely punished.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[124] Egyptian women gave birth while squatting or kneeling.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Children's names were always given a name with some meaning.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The infant mortality rate was 25 to 35 percent.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Adoptions were common, and adoptive children were equal in rights.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The children's heads were shaved almost bare until puberty.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Generally only boys attended school, although there were no primary schools, only specialist schools such as war and scribe schools.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[125] Beauty care women and men alike complimented themselves.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

They used oils, perfumes, creams and eye paints.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Painting the eyelids protected the eyes from the sun; at the beginning of the Old Empire, the colour was green ground malachite, later black, and sometimes also white or grey.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The colours often used lead enamel and sometimes synthetics.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The color of the cheekbone powder was ochre.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The Egyptians did not have glass mirrors; they mirrored themselves with metal mirrors honed to shine, which were often gilded and ornate.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[126] Dressing The fashion for clothing of the Egyptians varied at different times, and sometimes tomb paintings may have been dated on the basis of the clothes they depicted [127].


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The men donned a simple, knee-length loincloth.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Some officials wore their characteristic clerical attire.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Women normally wore a cocooned skirt with two shoulder bands.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Children were depicted in art naked.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Linen, never wool, was most often used as clothing material, and clothing was usually white in colour.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The footwear was sandals made of papyrus or reeds.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[128] The upper social classes wore a wig [129].


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Amusements Egyptian music was probably an intermediate form between Oriental and African; many old Egyptian melodies and musical traditions have survived, for example, in the Coptic tradition.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The Egyptians played, among other things, the harp, lute and lyre, as well as flute and other wind instruments.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Percussion instruments such as drums and tambourines were also used, especially in processions and dance performances.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Ball playing were common hobbies, as were wrestling and competitive running.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[130] Popular games were board game senet and raffle game mehen [131].


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Celebrations in Egyptians were many throughout the year, especially those held in honor of the gods and in accordance with different phases of the farming season [130].


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Pets Cats became common pets during the New Empire.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Dogs and monkeys were also kept as pets, and different breeds of dogs had been breeded for different purposes.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Animals belonging to these were often buried in the tombs of kings.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[132] Transportation Donkey was the most common means of transport on land.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

However, there were almost no roads in the country, so the main thoroughfare was the Nile.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Because the wind was generally blowing from the north, travel down the river with sails low and up the river by the force of the wind with the sails up.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The waterfalls, or cataracts, on the southern arm of the river, made journeymaking difficult.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The oldest and most common boats were papyrus rafts, especially used in shallow waters for hunting and fishing.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Large stones intended for buildings were transported on larger wooden ships.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The Egyptians also controlled the sea, although they never had a sea power.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

They imported by sea, however, cedar wood from Lebanon, among other things, and also had warships.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[133] Climate and Nature The climate of ancient Egypt was dry and subtropical; some rainfall was received in the northern delta in winter.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

There were 34,000 square kilometers of cultivable area.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

In the late Stone Age, however, the desert climate surrounding the Nile Valley was considerably wetter than it is today, and the savanna-like nature provided good habitat for wildlife.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

In the savannas of Ancient Egypt and the Nile, species of plants and animals often depicted in art not present in present-day Egypt, such as the hippopotamus, lion, baboon, saint ibis, and genet.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[134] The Nile crocodile is now no longer present in the southern parts of the country.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[135] Agriculture the Nile flooded during July and September, filling the beaches with fertile silt.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The Egyptians built dams, canals and flood reservoirs, as well as using water lifting equipment to make the most of the floods.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The moisture absorbed into the ground was enough for the plants for the entire growing season; for a long time Egyptians received only one harvest per year, but with the advent of canal irrigation during the Ptolemies, two annual harvests were reached.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[136] Pharaoh owned all the land, but during the Third Dynasty he set about distributing farmlands to government officials, leading to the emergence of private ownership.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Most of the Egyptian farm workers were practically serfs.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The farms were required to turn over a certain portion of their production to state grain warehouses.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[137] During the New Empire, approximately 1.65 million hectares of land were used in agricultural use, of which 65% to 75% as a cornfield.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Stocks of grain had to provide sufficient for the entire population for a year.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[138] In Egypt, mainly spelt, and some barley were cultivated.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The grain was sown after mid-October and the crop was harvested between April and May.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Also, the gardens produced plenty of food, especially fruits and vegetables, but also spices.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[139] In ancient times, Egypt had more forests than today, and the timber industry produced much material for both construction and use objects and incinerators, producing ceramics and melting metal.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Major tree species included sycomoro, acacia, tamarisk, date palm, and mulberry tree.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Flax was also cultivated a lot.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[140] Cattle were the main domestic animal, but sheep, goats and pigs were also kept.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Poultry also played a major role in the business life, due in part to Egypt's good location on bird migration routes.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[141] Mines and quarries Egyptian soil was very rich in gold, especially in Lower Nubia, and was mined in abundance.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Silver in Egypt was not found and had to be imported from abroad.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Copper the Egyptians initially received from Sinai, and later they imported it, among other things, from Syria.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Iron was rare in Egypt.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Jewels in the country did not appear and they too had to be imported from abroad, lapis lazul all the way from Afghanistan.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[142] The Egyptians used more than 40 types of stone as their building material.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

What they used most was Eocene period limestone, which occurs as thick embankments on both sides of the Nile Valley.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Among other things, the Pyramids of Giza and the temples of the Middle Kingdom and the New Empire were built from it.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Oolitic limestone was used especially in the time of the Ptolemies.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Other common types of building stone were Cretaceous sandstone, used for later temples in Egypt, and basalt, quartzite, granite and granodiorite, which were used in architecture as well as sculpture.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Translucent alabaster was also mined for many purposes.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Siltstone and many other stone species were quarried from the eastern desert.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

White marble was mined in the southern part of the Eastern Desert.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[143] Until the beginning of the Old Empire, copper was used as the material for chisels, then bronze, and in the Late Age finally iron.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

For the hardest types of stone, tools made of dolerite were used.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

In addition to quarries, stonemasons, sculptors and scribes worked in the stone quarries, so by the time they left the quarry the objects were almost ready.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

They were finally transported by ships to various destinations.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[144] Oblivion and the Genesis of Egyptology Egyptian language and culture disappeared from human consciousness in the first millennium.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Egypt became predominantly Christian as early as the 13th century, and Egyptian inscription, ancient religion and at the same time culture had practically disappeared by the 5th century at the latest, when the last temple was closed [145].


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Early Christians and early Muslims saw the buildings and traditions of the Egyptians as pagan, so they systematically disposed of them.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

All that remained of ancient Egypt was the image conveyed from the accounts of the Bible and the Qur'an [146], and some also from the works of Herodotus and Manetho, of which only quotations from the latter survived in the works of some later authors.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The image of ancient Egypt was based on misconceptions in Rome and the rest of Europe up to the New Age [147].


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Egyptian scholar Okasha El-Daly has collected medieval Arabic-language Egyptian literature and concluded that Arab scholars were interested in studying and explaining the language and culture of Ancient Egypt, mostly through Coptic sources.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

However, the inability to interpret hieroglyphs, as well as a break with ancient tradition, prevented the creation of a historically true image.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[148] An important part in the genesis of the science of Egyptology was the French emperor Napoleon Bonaparte's war expedition to Egypt in 1798.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Napoleon took a large group of scientists to the country who began to study Egyptian monuments consistently. [149].


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Attempts had been made to decipher hieroglyphs since the 15th century, but it was not until the Frenchman Jean-François Champollion who managed to solve their riddle in the 1820s using the Rosetta Stone.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

When the writings of the Egyptians could be read, their history and culture came to life again.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Interest in the country's culture grew, and Egyptian structures and treasures were bought and plundered in myriad quantities across the world or used as building material.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

The first scientific burial surveys began in the late 19th century, and significant discoveries have been made until modern times.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

One of the best-known discoveries was the Tutankhamon tomb discovered by Howard Carter in 1922.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[150] The collections of Egyptian ancient monuments have been among the most popular and extensive departments of many major museums since the 19th century.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Notable Egyptian collections include notably the Egyptian Museum in Cairo, the British Museum in London, the Egyptian Museum in Berlin, the Louvre in Paris and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

[151] The Great Egyptian Museum is planned to open in Giza in 2015, where 100,000 ancient Egyptian objects will be exhibited [152].


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

See also Ancient Egyptian technique Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Grönblom, Rolf| title = Egypt of Pharaohs| location = Espoo| publisher = Schildts| year = 2002| version = (Pharaoernas of Egypt, 2000.)


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

English translation Tuula Kojo| id = ISBN 951-50-1259-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Egypt: Land of the Pharaohs| location = Cologne| publisher = Könemann| year = 2000| version = (Ägypten: Die Welt der Pharaonen.)


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Edited by Regine Schulz and Matthias Seidel.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Translation: Sonja Mäkinen and Kaarina Niemi| id = ISBN 3-8290-5710-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Salonen, Armas and Holthoer, Rostislav| title = Egypt and its culture| location = Helsing| publisher = Otava| year = 1982| id = ISBN 951-0684| 8-2}} References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Holthoer, Rostislav| title = Ancient Egyptian culture| location = Helsing| publisher = Otava| year = 1994 (4th edition 2005) | id = ISBN 951-1-11069-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Koenig, Viviane & Koenig, Yvan| title = Egypt, Land of the Pharaohs| location = Helsinki| publisher = Selected pales| year = 2004| version = (L'Égypte au temps des pharaons.)


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Finnish author: Heikki Eskelinen.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Editor responsible: Aino Kervinen.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Finished from the English-language institution.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Inheritance of major era| id = ISBN 951-584-640-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead| location = Helsinki| publisher = Basam Books| year = 2001| version = Translated by Jaana Toivari-Viitala| id = ISBN 952-9842-49-X}} Citation, error, error replace with {{cite book| author = Silverman, David| title = Ancient Egypt| publisher = Duncan Baird Publishers Ltd| year = 1997| version=Reference Classics| id = ISBN 1-904292-43-7| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.}


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Toivari-Viitala, Jaana (ed.


Question: Who were the 'hats' and 'caps' in my historical mind?

Ancient Egypt

) | title = Letters from Pharaohs Egypt| location = Helsinki| publisher = Basam Books| year = 2004| version = Translated and edited by Jaana Toivari-Viitala| id = ISBN 952-9842-81-3}} On topic elsewhere Category:94 African history * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Is Christmas originally a celebration belonging to the Finnish ancient faith?

Finnish pagan celebration tradition

Finnish pagan celebration tradition refers to the celebration traditions of the Finnish ancient faith.


Question: Is Christmas originally a celebration belonging to the Finnish ancient faith?

Finnish pagan celebration tradition

Ancient faith was not unified or immutable in Finland; customs and beliefs varied at different times and in different regions [1].


Question: Is Christmas originally a celebration belonging to the Finnish ancient faith?

Finnish pagan celebration tradition

The old catching culture included Samanism.


Question: Is Christmas originally a celebration belonging to the Finnish ancient faith?

Finnish pagan celebration tradition

[2] Especially the bear was a worshipped animal.


Question: Is Christmas originally a celebration belonging to the Finnish ancient faith?

Finnish pagan celebration tradition

A party was held in honour of the captured bear, a bear finch, to restore the bear to a new life to become game again in the forest.


Question: Is Christmas originally a celebration belonging to the Finnish ancient faith?

Finnish pagan celebration tradition

[3] As farming spread, the junket was an important feast day, celebrated at the end of the harvest as a mark of the end of the year.


Question: Is Christmas originally a celebration belonging to the Finnish ancient faith?

Finnish pagan celebration tradition

In the spring, sowing was celebrated.


Question: Is Christmas originally a celebration belonging to the Finnish ancient faith?

Finnish pagan celebration tradition

In Eastern Finland, thunderstorks were drunk and in Western Finland was celebrated.


Question: Is Christmas originally a celebration belonging to the Finnish ancient faith?

Finnish pagan celebration tradition

[2] Old customs in folk faith and folklore Shrove Many traditions of the Shrove, rich food serving and boisterous frolic, refer to the old celebrations of spring and the turn of the year.


Question: Is Christmas originally a celebration belonging to the Finnish ancient faith?

Finnish pagan celebration tradition

[4] Many expenditures on Finnish vein probably come from the old feast of labour, when women stopped shaping and spinning linen, hemp and wool into yarns.


Question: Is Christmas originally a celebration belonging to the Finnish ancient faith?

Finnish pagan celebration tradition

The youngsters descending the hill wished the year ahead good luck by shouting “long linen, fine hemp and saucer-sized turnips.”


Question: Is Christmas originally a celebration belonging to the Finnish ancient faith?

Finnish pagan celebration tradition

[5] The ancient European season is located around the vein, which is why it has been associated with an abundance of folk beliefs and magic in the past.


Question: Is Christmas originally a celebration belonging to the Finnish ancient faith?

Finnish pagan celebration tradition

Work had to stop well in advance in the afternoon so that the work would have been well placed throughout the year.


Question: Is Christmas originally a celebration belonging to the Finnish ancient faith?

Finnish pagan celebration tradition

We had to go to the sauna in daylight and there had to be a sound sound.


Question: Is Christmas originally a celebration belonging to the Finnish ancient faith?

Finnish pagan celebration tradition

[6] [7] During the Hela Helajuhla, or May Feast, in western Finland, bonfires were lit in fields and other open places.


Question: Is Christmas originally a celebration belonging to the Finnish ancient faith?

Finnish pagan celebration tradition

[8] [9] The Ancient Finns burned wildfires to drive away evil spirits.


Question: Is Christmas originally a celebration belonging to the Finnish ancient faith?

Finnish pagan celebration tradition

At the party, mead was drunk and danced.


Question: Is Christmas originally a celebration belonging to the Finnish ancient faith?

Finnish pagan celebration tradition

[10] Livestock have often been let out to pasture for the first time and driven through fires to prevent disease.


Question: Is Christmas originally a celebration belonging to the Finnish ancient faith?

Finnish pagan celebration tradition

[11] The custom is known from Häme, Satakunta and Uudeltamaa.


Question: Is Christmas originally a celebration belonging to the Finnish ancient faith?

Finnish pagan celebration tradition

[12] The custom is maintained in some places at present.


Question: Is Christmas originally a celebration belonging to the Finnish ancient faith?

Finnish pagan celebration tradition

[13] Ukonvakat Vakkas festivities, or furrows, were religious feasts organised by a keeper or by one or more village communities in the Baltic Sea Finnish communities.


Question: Is Christmas originally a celebration belonging to the Finnish ancient faith?

Finnish pagan celebration tradition

Bushel feasts were held in sacred groves in some cases.


Question: Is Christmas originally a celebration belonging to the Finnish ancient faith?

Finnish pagan celebration tradition

At bushel feasts, apparently, a serious commodity was initially sacrificed, possibly at least food, and drank consecrated beer prepared for pitas.


Question: Is Christmas originally a celebration belonging to the Finnish ancient faith?

Finnish pagan celebration tradition

According to different descriptions, the bushel party may also include other acts, such as kneeling in the ring or ritual dancing.


Question: Is Christmas originally a celebration belonging to the Finnish ancient faith?

Finnish pagan celebration tradition

[14] The organization of bushels was often drawn between the hosts of the region.


Question: Is Christmas originally a celebration belonging to the Finnish ancient faith?

Finnish pagan celebration tradition

Throwing a bushell party was a matter of honour.


Question: Is Christmas originally a celebration belonging to the Finnish ancient faith?

Finnish pagan celebration tradition

No snacks of their own were brought to the pits; the food and drink was organised by the party keeper.


Question: Is Christmas originally a celebration belonging to the Finnish ancient faith?

Finnish pagan celebration tradition

Bushel parties or some of them were called Uko's spies, as they worshipped Ukko the high god so that he would make favourable announcements.


Question: Is Christmas originally a celebration belonging to the Finnish ancient faith?

Finnish pagan celebration tradition

It is estimated that the feast called Ukko vakat may have been celebrated on 25 May.


Question: Is Christmas originally a celebration belonging to the Finnish ancient faith?

Finnish pagan celebration tradition

Uko's furrows were celebrated at least during spring sowing to improve the weather.


Question: Is Christmas originally a celebration belonging to the Finnish ancient faith?

Finnish pagan celebration tradition

The hubby's furrows are reported to have involved splintering water and a spell figure, apparently with the intention of bringing about rain.


Question: Is Christmas originally a celebration belonging to the Finnish ancient faith?

Finnish pagan celebration tradition

[14] The old man was apparently drinking a special cup of beer.


Question: Is Christmas originally a celebration belonging to the Finnish ancient faith?

Finnish pagan celebration tradition

This could be said to be drinking a busker or a toast of Uko.


Question: Is Christmas originally a celebration belonging to the Finnish ancient faith?

Finnish pagan celebration tradition

The toast could also be drunk, for example, in midsummer.


Question: Is Christmas originally a celebration belonging to the Finnish ancient faith?

Finnish pagan celebration tradition

[14] The first written mention of Uko's spy in Finnish is from Mikael Agricola in 1548.


Question: Is Christmas originally a celebration belonging to the Finnish ancient faith?

Finnish pagan celebration tradition

Later, in 1551 Agricola published the Psalttari of Dauid, whose preface contained a poem-shaped catalogue of old Finnish gods.


Question: Is Christmas originally a celebration belonging to the Finnish ancient faith?

Finnish pagan celebration tradition

On this occasion, he mentioned Uko's bushes again.


Question: Is Christmas originally a celebration belonging to the Finnish ancient faith?

Finnish pagan celebration tradition

According to him, during spring sowing, Ukon Chalice was drunk, and especially women were drunk from it.


Question: Is Christmas originally a celebration belonging to the Finnish ancient faith?

Finnish pagan celebration tradition

Then there was shame.


Question: Is Christmas originally a celebration belonging to the Finnish ancient faith?

Finnish pagan celebration tradition

The text has been interpreted as saying that the gods made love too.


Question: Is Christmas originally a celebration belonging to the Finnish ancient faith?

Finnish pagan celebration tradition

With this expenditure, according to Agricola, rain and good air were obtained.


Question: Is Christmas originally a celebration belonging to the Finnish ancient faith?

Finnish pagan celebration tradition

[14] The original text says thus: “And quin Kevesow I sowed then the old man's chalice jootij.


Question: Is Christmas originally a celebration belonging to the Finnish ancient faith?

Finnish pagan celebration tradition

Sihen I picked up my old man's wacka nin joopui pica ette acka.