Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

However, the narrative of Polyainus is strange, as Antigonos was among the most experienced of the diadoques.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

[37] [38] In any case, the war ended in victory for Seleucus, and Antigonos retreated westward.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Each side fortified their borders.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Antigonos built fortifications along the Balikh River, and Seleukos fortified a few towns, among them Dura-Europos and Nisibis.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

[37] Seleukeia The next event that can be associated with Seleucus is the establishment of the city of Seleukeia.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Built on the banks of the Tigris, the town was probably founded in 307 or 305 BCE.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Seleukos made Seleukeia his new capital, taking in it the model of Lysimakhus, Kassandros and Antigonos, who had named cities after themselves.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Seleukos also relocated the mint of Babylon to the new city.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Babylon was soon overshadowed by Seleukeia, and it is reported that Seleucus's son Antiochus moved the entire Babylon population to Seleukeia in 275 BCE.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

The town flourished until it was destroyed by the Romans in 165.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

[37] [39] There was a story about the founding of Seleukeia that Seleukos asked the Babylonian priests what day would be best for the founding of the city.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

The priests counted this day but informed Seleucus a different day because they wanted the city to fail.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

But when the right day came, the soldiers of Seleucus began to spontaneously build the city.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

When asked about this, the priests confessed they had lied.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

[40] The rivalry between King Chandragupta and the Eastern Provinces of the Diadocs culminated when Antigonos proclaimed himself king in 306 BCE.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Ptolemy, Lysimakhos, Kassandros and Seleukos soon followed suit.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Agathocles of Sicily also proclaimed himself king around the same time.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

[37] [41] Then Seleukos could turn his gaze east again.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

There are few sources of Seleucus activity in the east.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Chandragupta Maurya (usually known in Greek sources as Sandrökottos), the founder of the Maurya Empire, had taken over the Indus valley and others from the easternmost regions of Alexander's Empire.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Seleukos went on a war expedition against Chandragupta and crossed at least the Indus, perhaps also to Hydaspe (present-day Jhelum).


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

However, the Seleucus Indian war expedition proved too difficult.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Perhaps Chandragupta defeated him in battle.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

However, there are no sources whatsoever for this.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Seleukos and Chandragupta concluded a peace, the terms of which clearly imply that Seleukos had been left with defeat.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

[42] Seleucus had to cede to Chandragupta the easternmost provinces of Arakhosia, Paropamisadai and perhaps Aria.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

On the other hand, Seleukos received the approval of the satraps of other eastern provinces.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Seleucus had the benefit of his Persian wife.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

The Bactrian and Parthian satraps needed the support of Seleucus against Chandragupta.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Seleukos received 400 or 500 war elephants from Chandragupta as a gift.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

After twenty years, only one of the war elephants was alive, as Seleukos probably received Chandragupta's oldest war elephants.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

[37] The union between Chandragupta and Seleucus was probably still confirmed by marriage.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Chandragupta or his son married the daughter of Seleucus.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Seleukos also sent a Greek geographer to Megasthene as an emissary to Chandragupta's court in Pataliputra.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Megasthenee's description of the voyage has survived only in snippets.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

[42] The Seleukos may have established a fleet in the Persian Gulf and the Indian Ocean.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

[37] The battle of Ipsos the war elephants obtained from Chandragupta proved very necessary when the other diadocs finally decided to defeat Antigonos.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Kassandros, Seleukos and Lysimakhos defeated Antigonos and Demetrios at the Battle of Ipsos.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Antigonos fell in battle, but Demetrios was able to escape.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Seleukos gained after the battle of Syria.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

He interpreted that Syria would extend from the Taurus Mountains to the Sinai, but Ptolemy had already had time to take Palestine and Phoenicia.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Seleukos was allied in 299 BC.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

with Demetrios and married her daughter Stratonike.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Stratonike was also the daughter of Antipatros's daughter Fila.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Demetrios' fleet was able to destroy Ptolemy's fleet, against whom Seleukos was otherwise unable to fight.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

[43] However, Seleukos failed to extend his kingdom westward.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

The main reason was that he did not have enough Greek and Macedonian troops.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Seleucus's power was hidden in war elephants and traditional Persian cavalry, but his infantry at Ipsos had also been less numerous than Lysimakhos.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Seleukos tried to rectify this by establishing cities.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

There were not many cities in Syria at the time, and the Seleucus block had only one important city, Arados, which was located on the island.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

The second city was still unfinished in Antigoneia.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Seleukos founded four new cities: on the coast of Seleukeia and Laodikeia, and Antiokeia and Apameia in the Orontes River valley.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

New Seleukeia was to become Seleucus's window to the west and his naval base.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Seleukos also established six smaller towns in the area.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

The new cities attracted emigrants from Greece.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

[43] After the destruction of Demetrios and Lysimakhos, Seleukos appointed his son Antiokhos I in 292 BCE.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

as his fellow ruler and ruler of the eastern provinces.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Antiokhos married his stepmother Stratonike.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Seleukos thus got Stratonike out of the way, while his father Demetrios had become king of Macedonia.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

The alliance of Seleucus and Demetrios had ended in 294 BCE, after Seleukos had seized Cilicia from Demetrios.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Demetrios invaded Cilicia in 286 BC.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

and took it over easily.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

From Cilicia, Demetrios threatened the main areas of Seleucus in Syria.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

However, Demetrios' troops were fatigued and had not received their salaries.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Seleukos, on the other hand, was rich and known for his cunning.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

In addition, the soldiers liked him.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Seleukos blocked the passes leading south from Cilicia and encouraged Demetrios' troops to defect to his own side.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

At the same time, he avoided fighting.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Eventually, Seleukos appealed to Demetrios' troops personally.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

He showed himself to soldiers in front of armies and took his helmet from his head to show who he was.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Demetrios' forces relinquished their leadership, and Demetrios was imprisoned in Apameia.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

He died after a couple of years.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

[43] Lysimakhos and Ptolemy had given Seleucus their support against Demetrio, but after Demetrios was defeated, the alliance began to crack.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Lysimakhos ruled Macedonia, Thrace and Lesser Asia.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

He had family problems: Lysimakhos executed his son Agathocles, whose wife Lysandra fled to Babylon to Seleucus.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Seleukos then invaded Lesser Asia and defeated Korupedion in battle in 281 BCE.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Lysimakhos, who fell in battle.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Since Ptolemy had died a year earlier, Seleukos was thus the only one remaining of Alexander's contemporaries.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

[43] The administration of Asia Minor Before his death, Seleucus had difficulties with the administration of Asia Minor.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

The area was a patchwork populated by Greek cities, Persian superiority regions and local peoples.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Seleucus is reported to have attempted to subdue Cappadocia, but failed.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Also, the old officer of Lysimakhos, Filetairos, ruled Pergamon almost independently.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

On the other hand, Seleukos, judging by the names, founded several cities in Asia Less.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

[43] Epistles of Seleucus to various cities and temples have been preserved.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

All cities in Asia Minor sent embassies to their new ruler.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Seleucus is known to have complained about large volumes of letters that he was forced to read.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

He was obviously a well-liked ruler.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

For example, on the island of Lemnos, Seleuko was celebrated as a liberator and a temple was established in his honor.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

According to local custom, an extra serving of wine was poured into the Seleucus at dinners.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

At that time he was called Seleukos Soter (“liberator”).


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

When Seleucus left for Europe, arrangements for Asia Minor were still in progress.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

[43] Death and Inheritance Seleukos died just as he had reached Europe.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

The son of Ptolemy, the ruler of Egypt, Ptolemy Keraunos assassinated Seleucus in Thrace only shortly before he would have seized Macedonia.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

After the takeover of Macedonia and Thrace, Seleukos would have headed for Greece.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Seleukos had been preparing the Greek takeover with gifts, and had already been appointed an honorary citizen of Athens.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

[44] Antiokhos established a cult for his father.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

A cult of persons formed around the later Seleucids, and Seleuko began to be worshipped as the son of a god.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

One text found in Ilion states that priests had to make sacrifices to Apollon, the ancestor of the Antiochus family.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

A wide variety of anecdotes began to be told about Seleucus as well.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

[45] For several centuries the Seleucid Empire, and later widely elsewhere in the Hellenistic world, the Seleucidic period began with the return of Seleucus I to Babylon in 312 BCE.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Ancient sources Written sources The reign of Seleucus and the diadoques is commonly dealt with by Diodoros the Sicilian World History and an abbreviation by Junianus Justine of Pompey Trogus' work on the history of Macedonia.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Arrianos's work on diadoques has survived only as a later abridgement.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

[46] Appianos' work on the Syrian War includes a short biography of Seleucus.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

[47] Fragmentary references to Seleucus can also be found in works such as Pausania and Strabon's geography, the Deipnosophistas of Athenaios, the Stratagemata of Polyainos, and biographies of Plutarchus, chiefly Demetrios.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

[46] Clay records have survived from Babylon dealing with the wars of the diadoques.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

One clay song deals with the war between Seleucus and Antigonos.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

[48] The second deals with the last war of Seleucus against Lysimakho and his death.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

[49] Numismatics After proclaiming himself king, Seleucus began minting coins bearing the head of the wreathed Zeus and the backside of the goddess Athena fighting a chariots pulled by four horned elephants.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

The back side also bears the text ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΣΕΛΕΥΚΟυ (“King Seleucus”) and the anchor symbol used by Seleucus.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

The coin is reminiscent of coins of the time of Philip II.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Elephants may be referring to the peace concluded with Chandragupta.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Seleukos also continued to produce coins minted by Alexander.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

He moved the mint of Babylon to his new capital, Seleukeia.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Only locally used coins were minted in Babylon thereafter.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Seleucus also belonged to the Mints of Susa and Ekbatana.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Later, Seleukos also opened a mint in Baktra, the capital of an important province of Baktria.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

The Ekbatana Mint produced a special coin with the image of Alexander the Great holding the scalp of an elephant on its front.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

The image in question was apparently copied from Ptolemy I's money.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Some coins minted at Susa feature a young man on the front with a helmet covered in leopard leather on his head, and on the back side Nike wreaths a tree with a cycress, helmet and shield hung on it.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

The figure on the front side has generally been regarded as a portrait of Seleucus, but this may be Alexander identified with Dionysus.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

[50] Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = T. Boiy| title= Late Achaemenid and Hellenistic Babylon| publisher = Peeters Publishers| year = | id=ISBN 9789042914490| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only use for File namespace.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.| accessdate = 28.12.2008}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = A.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

B. Bosworth| title= The Legacy of Alexander| publisher = Oxford University Press| year = 2005| id = ISBN 9780199285150| language = Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.| accessdate = Dec 30, 2008}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = John D. Grainger| title = Seleukos Nikator: Constructing a Hellenistic Kingdom| publisher = Routledge| year = 1990| id = ISBN 9780415047012| language = Transclusion error: {{I don't}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.| accessdate = 12/26/2008}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = John D. Grainger| title = A Seleukid Prosopography and Gazetteer| publisher = BRILL| year = 1997| id = ISBN 9789004107991| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.| accessdate = Dec 31, 2008}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Waldemar Heckel| title= The Marshals of Alexander's Empire| publisher = Routledge| year = 1992| id = ISBN 9780415050531| language = Transclush Ion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.| accessdate = 8.12.2008| page = 257}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = John Keay| title = India: A History| publisher = Grove Press| year = 2001| version = ISBN 9780802137975| accessdate = 1.1.2009| page = 85-86}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Otto Mørkholm et.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

al.| title= Early Hellenistic Coinage| publisher = Cambridge University Press| year = 1991| id=ISBN 9780521395045| language = Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.| accessdate = 1.1.2009}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Graham Shipley| title = The Hellenistic World.| publisher = Routledge| year = 1999| id = ISBN 9780415046183| language = Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.| accessdate = 3.1.2009| page= 301-302}} References Category:Persian kings Category:Seleucids Category:Diadoks Category:Soldiers Category:Born before our time began Class:280s BCE.


Question: Where was Seleucus I Nicator born?

Seleucus I Nikator

the dead


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The Republic of Cuba (), or Cuba, is an island nation in the Caribbean consisting of Cuba's main island, Isla de la Juventud, and several other smaller islands.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Cuba lies on the northern edge of the Caribbean Sea at the confluence of the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Cuba's immediate neighbors are the United States and Bahamas to the north, the Turks and Caicos Islands and Haiti to the east, Mexico to the west, and the Cayman Islands and Jamaica to the south.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Cuba's largest city and at the same time the capital is Havana, located in the north-west of the country.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Cuba has about 11450,000 inhabitants, 65% of whom are white, 10% are black, and the rest are mestits.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[1] The term 'Cuba' is derived from the Tainoinian language word “cubao”, meaning “fertile and abundant land”.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[2] After nearly 400 years of Spanish and American rule, the country gained independence in 1902.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

In 1933, power was taken over by Sergeant Fulgencio Batista.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

In 1959, a leftist guerrilla movement led by Fidel Castro seized power.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Castro remained in power until 2008, after which power passed to his brother Raúl.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

2013 Miguel Díaz—Canel was elected vice president.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[3] He became the country's president following the stepping down of Raúl Castro in April 2018.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Geography of the Republic of Cuba is located on the island of the same name in the Caribbean.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

It is the largest island in the Caribbean.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The island of Cuba is 1200km long and 32—145km wide and belongs to the Great Antilles island group.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

It has an area of 104945km2.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Isla de la Juventud, the second largest island in the country, has an area of 2200 km2, the small islands 3715 km2 and the entire state totals 110860km2.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[4] Cuba is bounded on the west by the Gulf of Mexico and the Yucatan Strait, on the north by the Florida Strait and the Bahamas, on the east by the Windward Fairway, and to the south by the Caribbean Sea.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Its nearest neighbours are the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico) to the west, Florida (United States) and the Bahamas to the north, Haiti to the east, and Jamaica and the Cayman Islands (United Kingdom) to the south.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The main part, or about three-quarters of Cuba, is gently rolling plateau land.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The country also has mountain ranges, the largest being the Sierra Maestra on the east side of the island, whose highest peak is the Pico Real del Turquino (1974 m).


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The eastern parts of the island also lie the smaller Nipe and Cristal mountain ranges.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[5] The highest mountain in Escambray, located in central Cuba, is Pico San Juan, 960 m high.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

At the western end of the country, Pinar del Río Province lie the mound regions of Sierra de los Órganos and Sierra del Rosario.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[6] The largest city in the country is the capital Havana.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

In 2010, other cities with over 200,000 inhabitants included Santiago de Cuba, Camagüey, Holguín, Guantanamo and Santa Clara.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[7] The climate is tropical but is cooled by pasate winds.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The rainy season lasts from May to October.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Hurricanes hit the East Coast between August and November roughly every two years.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[1] Cuba's nature has been better preserved than the rest of the Caribbean.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Admittedly, unsustainable logging and clearing of wetlands for sugar fields have also wreaked havoc in Cuba, but the country also still has pristine rainforest and wetlands, as well as coral reefs.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

However, economic growth in the future is feared to increase the wear and tear of nature.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[8] Approximately one-fifth of the island, 200 metres above, has been covered by moist forest types in its beginnings: rainforest, mountain forest and cloud forests.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

About 30 endemic species have been found in them.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

In 1995, it was estimated that 75% of the forest type has been destroyed due to coffee and cocoa cultivation, but one natural patch of more than 500 square kilometers remains.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[9] More than half of the land area has been dry forest, but 4/5 of it has been cleared for cultivation, pasture and savannah.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[10] Coniferous forest has grown in the mountains, of which three patches of more than 250 square kilometres remain.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The main species of the forest is the Caribbean pine (Pinus caribaea), whose shelters live many native bird and plant species.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[11] The world's smallest bird, the bumblebee hummingbird, lives in Cuba, as does the Cuban maragd colibird, the endemic cubantod, and the cubanamazon.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The national bird is the cubantrogon.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The hutia species “Capromys pilorides” is found in addition to Cuba on some nearby islands.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The cubancrocodile has disappeared from places other than Cuba.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[12] History Early stages and colonial era Cuba was inhabited on the basis of archaeological finds no later than the 4th century BCE.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The earliest inhabitants of the Great Antilles have been called casimiroids after the Casimira discovery site and spread to the region from the Yucatan Peninsula.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The casimiroid population was followed by so-called Saladoid people from Venezuelata or the Lesser Antilles in the first millennium BCE.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

They interacted and possibly also intermingled with the earlier population.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Over time, they became muddled orthe culture of the countries.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

When Europeans arrived in Cuba, about two-thirds of the island was inhabited by the Tainos and the westernmost third was inhabited by Guanahatabeys considered more primitive in culture.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[13] Christopher Columbus arrived on the island of Cuba as the first European in 1492.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[14] However, the Spanish did not begin to settle on the island until 20 years later under Diego Velázquez.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The Spanish subjugated the Tainos to the encomienda system.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The Tainos were starved to forced labour in plantations and mines, and were jaded by diseases brought by Europeans.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

In 1550 there were fewer than five thousand of them.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The Spanish brought African slaves to the island starting in 1526.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[15] From the mid-16th century to the mid-18th century, there were constant clashes between wealthy Spanish merchants and pirates in Cuba.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The Spanish tried in vain to protect their possessions by building fortifications in the surroundings of the island's ports.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

In 1762, Spain joined the Seven Years' War on the French side against Britain.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The British saw an opportunity to seize the lucrative Spanish holdings in the Caribbean and took Havana.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

During the reign of the British, sugarcane farming flourished, especially when, in 1790, French plantation owners fled to the island to make way for the Haitian slave revolt.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

By 1820, Cuba was developing into the world's leading sugar producer, and the newly formed United States was its largest customer.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[16] For a long time Cuba remained loyal to Spain, and there was no independence in the colony at the beginning of the 19th century as other Spanish colonies sought independence.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[17] However, the pro-slavery Creole elite began to view themselves as discriminated against, and by the middle of the century, hopes for independence began to tune in in Cuba too.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Alongside also arose the idea of joining the United States, in whose southern states slavery was permitted.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The first large-scale attempt at independence began in October 1868 with the start of the Ten Years' War on the plantation of Carlos Manuel de Céspedes.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[18] The Spanish made peace with the mutually contested rebels in 1878.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[19] The struggle for independence was martyred by José Martí, who founded the Junta of Independence in 1892 in New York.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The Cuban War of Independence kicked off in February 1894, and Martí was already killed in its first battles.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The war soon spread from the eastern parts of the country to the rest of the country.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The United States did not want to interfere with the situation in the country, but it declared war on Spain when the USS Maine (ACR-1), which was visiting Havana harbour, exploded in February 1898, taking 266 U.S. personnel with it.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Both countries blamed each other for the blast.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[20] The Spanish—American War lasted from April to August, and as a result Spain was forced to withdraw from Cuba as well as ceding Puerto Rico and the Philippines to the United States, which, however, did not give independence to Cuba but placed in charge of its own military rule.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[21] Although the occupation regime succeeded in developing society, the majority of Cubans did not approve of the country's transition to a new host.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[22] Independence Cuba gained independence in 1902.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

A general strike in 1933 robbed President Gerardo Machado from power and elevated Army Sergeant Fulgencio Batista to the head of the country.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The country's president was Federico Laredo Brú, but the real leadership was in Batista's hands.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

In 1940, Batista was appointed president.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[14] However, Batista was sidelined in 1944 when Ramon Graú was elected president.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

In 1948, Carlos Prío Socarrás became president, who was deposed by Batista in 1952.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[23] The so-called Platt Amendment clause limited Cuba's independence and the United States considered it its right to intervene in Cuban affairs if it wished [24].


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

In 1959, Fidel Castro ousted Batista's unpopular and corrupt regime in a revolution.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Batista fled to the United States, where he also transferred a significant amount of money.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

In addition, about 700,000 Batista supporters left Cuba.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The new Cuban government was recognized by the United States, Britain, France and the Soviet Union, as well as almost all Latin American countries, as early as the first week of January 1959.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The 26 July guerrilla movement led by Castro consisted of liberal and moderate leftists, but later Castro declared the revolution to have been socialist in nature, centralized power in his hands, canceled free elections, and forgot his promise to respect the old 1940 constitution.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The name of the guerrilla movement stemmed from the launch shot of the revolution, led by Castro, on the Moncada garrison just outside the city of Santiago on 26 July 1953, and was a model of the French resistance during World War II.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[25] [26] [27] The eccentric socialism developed by Castro has been called “castrolism”, sometimes also “fidelism”.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[28] Immediately after Batista fled Cuba, the new government of the country initiated punitive measures against those members of the Batista regime accused of murdering and torturing citizens, and established special courts-martial to that end.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

According to foreign views, the conduct of court-martial took on the nature of systematic retaliation in these cases.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

In speedy, often even hasty trials, the defendants were invariably sentenced to death and executed in public, but due to foreign objections, the executions were soon turned secret.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

By the end of June 1959, when court-martial were abolished, about 500 individuals had been executed.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[29] Most newspapers ceased or were taken over by the end of 1960.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[30] [31] All radio and television stations were taken under state control.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[30] Approximately 20,000 dissidents were imprisoned each year.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[30] Moderate teachers and professors were removed from their positions.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[30] Homosexuals, religionists and others were taken to labour camps for political “brainwashing”.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[32] In September 1960, “Revolutionary Committees” (CDRs) were established to spy on neighbourhoods.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[30] Cuba built the second largest army in Latin America.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[33] Between 1959 and 1962, 3200 people were executed according to an estimate by the United States Department of State, [34] by some estimates, the total number of political executions was 4000—33000.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[35] [36] [37] Cold War time the United States welcomed the new Cuban regime at first calmly, but quite soon the situation changed completely.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The executions against Batista's regime already severely shaken U.S. confidence in Castro.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Nationalization of foreign industrial companies and oil companies in 1960 cut ties with the United States.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The United States stopped purchases of sugar from Cuba, for whose economy, in turn, sugar exports were vital and the United States by far the largest buyer of Cuban sugar.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

In this situation, Cuba turned to the socialist countries and thus began the cooperation between Cuba and the Soviet Union, which, although it did not always go without abrasion.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[38] As the Cold War intensified, Cuba became the vessel of disputes between the great powers.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The failed Bay of Pigs landings by Cuban refugees in April 1961 was orchestrated by the Americans with the aim of ousting the revolutionary regime.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The failure of the mission was a serious prestige defeat for the US president, John Kennedy, who has just taken office.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

In 1962, Cuba was separated from the Organization of American States (OAS) because, according to a U.S.-driven decision, “the Marxist-Leninist line was inconsistent with the principles of the American system.”


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[39] In the early 1960s, Cuba was the scene of world politics in the Cuban Missile Crisis (October 15 to November 20, 1962).


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[14] After the missile crisis triggered, there was a general cooling of relations between Cuba and the Soviet Union, but already in the spring of 1963 Castro made his first visit to the Soviet Union and met with party leader Nikita Khrushchev.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[40] In the 1960s, Castro and his close comrade, head of the Cuban State Bank, Ernesto “Che” Guevara, an Argentine by descent, attempted to market “castro-like” socialism to other Latin American countries, to which copious amounts of money, weapons and experts in guerrilla warfare were sent.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Despite attempts, “castrolism” did not exactly achieve a backlash in these countries.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Most of the population of the countries were poor peasants, but they had essentially redeemed their small holdings as their own and were not enthusiastic about the joint ownership of the means of production under socialism.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Guevara was sidelined due to differences in views between him and Castro: Castro advocated closer cooperation with the Soviet Union, Guevara for greater independence from Moscow.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Guevara left Cuba in 1965 and he was killed in Bolivia in 1967 after trying in vain to raise a rebellion against President Rene Barrientos.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[41] The Communist Party of Cuba was founded in 1961, but it did not hold its first party conference until 1975, when Fidel Castro was elected to its leadership.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Under a constitutional amendment in 1976, the leadership position of the Communist Party was defined and Castro was appointed President of the Cuban Council of State, that is, the country's president.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

In 1972, Cuba became a member of the Economic Community of Socialist Countries (SEV).


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

During the 1970s and 1980s, Cuban soldiers were in support of several different left-wing governments in Africa (including Angola) and South America.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

In Angola, Cuba significantly supported the Popular Front for Liberation (MPLA), which gained the upper hand in the country's civil war in 1976, the FRELIMO party in Mozambique, and the PAIGC party in Guinea—Bissau and Cape Verde.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Some degree of support also came from the dictators of Equatorial Guinea and Uganda, Francisco Macías Nguema and Idi Amin, and rebels who opposed then-Zaire president Mobutu Sese Seko.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

On the other hand, Castro was happy to appear as a joint leading figure and advocate for developing countries, saying Cuba would seek to reduce the dependence of African countries that had achieved independence on former colonial mistresses and Western countries at all, especially the United States.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

In this case, however, he had to be wary of at least highly visible support for subversive movements.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Problems for Cuba were produced by mutual divisions between African states and ethnic groups, one example of which was the drift of its supported Ethiopia and Somalia into a mutual Ogaden War in 1977.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Elsewhere in the world, Cuba was seen mainly as a Soviet hand bash for increasing Soviet influence in Africa, and the presence of Cubans there as Moscow demanded as a price for economic assistance to Cuba.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[42] After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s, with the end of Soviet financial support, Cuba experienced major economic problems.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[43] At the fourth party congress of the order of the Cuban Communist Party in 1991, Castro convinced his country to remain socialist; at the same time, the Soviet Union was fighting a dying struggle and the state disappeared from the world map at the end of the year.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[44] The last Russian soldiers left Cuba in early July 1993.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[45] In August 1994, Cuba began the most serious unrest in Castro's reign until then, when thousands of Cubans demonstrated and shouted anti-Castro slogans in Havana, the country's capital.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

At the same time, a new mass exodus of Cubans to the United States


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Castro accused the United States of fomenting the protests.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Since the US began to put the brakes on Cuban immigration at the end of August e.g.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Panama and Honduras said they were ready to accept Cuban refugees.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The unrest was even considered to have triggered Castro's countdown.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[46] In November 1996, Fidel Castro made a historic visit to the Vatican, where he held talks with Pope John Paul II on the status of the mostly Catholic Church in Cuba.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[47] Castro invited the Pope to Cuba for a return visit, which came to fruition in January 1998.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Cuba was the last Latin American country that the pope had not visited.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[48] President Vladimir Putin visited Cuba as the first Russian head of state since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 2000.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

At the end of the talks between Putin and Castro, it was announced that Russia and Cuba had reached an agreement on the payment of Cuba's substantial Soviet-era debts.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[49] Relations between the United States and Cuba have consistently remained strained.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

John Bolton, who served as assistant secretary of state for international security in President George W. Bush's administration, has read Cuba as belonging to the “axis of evil.”


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

In 2002, the United States flew detainees it had taken in Afghanistan to its naval base at Guantanamo Bay in Cuba.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[14] The United States has accused Cuba of supporting terrorism.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

At the same time, however, it has itself allowed the anticastros to be in Miami freely, even though they have been accused of terrorist acts.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[50] Anticastro terrorists have, among other things, threatened tourists travelling to Cuba, striking Havana hotels and blowing up a Cuban passenger plane, resulting in the deaths of more than 70 people.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[51] [52] [53] [54] Cuba has blamed the cases on the CIA.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[55] The leader of Cuba from 1959 to 2008 was Fidel Castro.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

He temporarily handed over the presidential duties he had held since 1976 to his brother Raúl Castro in the summer of 2006 after being hospitalized.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

In the winter of 2008, Fidel Castro stepped down from his public posts, and brother Raúl was elected to succeed him as president.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[56] Since Fidel Castro surrendered power in February 2008, the Cuban economy has been slightly opened up.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Cubans have the right to acquire previously regulated consumer electronics and computers, as well as travel restrictions have been loosened.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[14] In 2009, Cuba was again accepted as a member of the Organization of American States.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

In February 2013, the Cuban parliament elected Raúl Castro to a second term as president of the country.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

He announced he would step down from the post at the end of his term in 2018.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

At the meeting, Miguel Díaz—Canel emerged as Vice President who was elected President of the country in April 2018.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

In December 2014, Barack Obama announced that the United States was going to normalize its relationship with Cuba.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The United States planned to restore diplomatic relations with Cuba and establish an embassy in the country.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Obama is also seeking an end to the Cuba embargo, but needs congressional support to do so.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[57] In July 2015, Cuba and the United States established diplomatic relations after a 54-year hiatus.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[58] Governance and Politics The political system in Cuba is a socialist system of government.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The country has a one-party system dominated by the Communist Party of Cuba (Partido Comunista de Cuba).


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The Cuban Communist Party is the leading ideological force in society, which, however, does not participate in elections.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

State bodies are elected by election, where candidates are placed at open meetings of citizens in residential areas.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[59] The Council of State is chaired by the President, who also heads the Council of Ministers, namely the Government.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[34] The President has executive power and the National Assembly has legislative power.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The National Assembly also elects the members of the Supreme Court.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[1] The President, Vice President and National Assembly (Asemblea Nacional del Poder Popular) are elected for five-year periods.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The National Assembly consists of 614 seats.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

In elections, each candidate must win at least 50% support to be elected.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The President makes a recommendation of ministers to the National Assembly, which appoints the ministers.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The National Assembly also appoints itself a 31-member Council of State to deputise for it outside of sitting terms.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[1] Since the National Assembly is only convened for a short term twice a year, the State Council has a great deal of power.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[34] Foreign Policy The United States has the Guantanamo Bay naval base established in Cuba in 1898, which Cuba claims for itself.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The base was leased to the United States upon Cuba's independence in 1903.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Since the revolution, Fidel and Raúl Castro have not accepted the rent payment because they consider that the lease was concluded under duress.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[60] Cuba was also home to the Soviet Lourdes listening station 1964—2001.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

In 2000, China entered into an agreement with Cuba to lease Cuba's satellite intelligence station.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[61] Cuba has close ties with China and Venezuela.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

China has supplied the country with nickel and Venezuela inexpensive oil.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

In 2009, Russia began warming up contacts with a Soviet-era ally, and struck a deal to map undersea oil resources.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[60] Many Cubans have gone on to become emigrants over the years.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

In 2008, Cuba was the fifth-highest number of emigrants sent country in the world, after Mexico, China, India and the Philippines.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

In that year, 49500 Cubans legally emigrated abroad.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[62] Many illegal refugees sneak into the United States on speedboats, which has a special programme enabling Cubans who have arrived illegally to apply for work permits immediately.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[63] [64] Human Rights The Cuban government has been accused of serious human rights violations including torture, arbitrary detention, unfair trials and extrajudicial executions (“El Paredón”).


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[65] [66] According to human rights organisation Human Rights Watch, the government “suppresses almost all forms of dissent” and “Cubans are systematically denied freedom of expression, freedom of association, assembly, privacy, freedom of movement and legality.”


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[67] In 2003, the European Union accused the Cuban government of continuing serious violations of human rights.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[68] The UN has also criticised Cuba's human rights record.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[60] According to human rights organisation Amnesty International, many prisoners of conscience have been released, but freedom of expression and freedom of assembly and association are restricted and critics of the one-party government line are being persecuted.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Dissidents are arbitrarily detained, preventing participation in rallies and demonstrations.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[69] The country has the death penalty, but the most recent execution is in 2003.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[70] Until 2013, citizens could not leave Cuba or enter without official permission in addition to their passports and visas.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[67] [71] Freedom of expression In 2008, Cuba had the highest number of imprisoned journalists in the world after China, reported by e.g.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ), Human Rights Watch and Suomen Pen.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[72] [73] [74] Cuban media is under strict state control and journalists can face up to three years in prison for criticizing authorities or spreading anti-government propaganda.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The constitution bans private radio and television stations, and foreign news services must hire local staff through a state brokerage office.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Less than two percent of the population uses the internet.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The United States is spreading its own views on world affairs by directing powerful radio transmitters from Florida to Cuba.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[60] Computer ownership is restricted so that their numbers are among the lowest in the world.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[75] The Internet may only be used in select locations that can be monitored.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[75] [76] Unauthorized Internet access can produce five years' imprisonment.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Prison System and Labor Camps In 1999, Human Rights Watch reported Cuba's prison system to be among the most extensive in Latin America, covering e.g.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

40 maximum security prisons and 200 labor camps.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[77] According to the organisation, prisoners, both political and non-political, are placed in prisons in classless and unsanitary conditions.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[77] Territorial division Cuba is divided into 15 provinces, which are still divided into 169 municipalities and one special municipality (Isla de la Juventud).


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Pinar del Río Artemisa Ciudad de La Habana (Havana City) Mayabeque Matanzas Cienfuegos Villa Clara Sancti Spíritus Ciego de Ávila Camagüey Las Tunas Granma Holguín Santiago de Cuba Guantánamo Isla de la Juventud (Island of Youth) Economy Cuba's gross domestic product per capita in 2015 was USD 6203, higher than Jamaica and slightly lower than in the Dominican Republic.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

This means that Cuba's gross domestic product per capita is at about the same level as the comparator countries in the Caribbean.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[78] The most significant natural resources are cobalt, nickel, iron ore, copper, manganese and wood.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The most significant export products are nickel, sugar, tobacco and biotechnology products.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The main export countries are Venezuela, China and Canada.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[34] The Cuban economy has been quite dependent on sugar cane exports, but due to the low world price of sugar today, the sugar industry has been driven down in recent years.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

In 2009, one million tonnes of it was produced, an eighth of 1989 production.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Nickel has taken the place as the most significant export product, but even that world price is swinging.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[34] Cuba imports around 60% of its foodstuffs [79].


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Systematically developed healthcare and biotechnology has grown into a major source of export revenue.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Cuban cancer research has been commercialized in joint ventures in both China and Germany.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

There is an agreement with Venezuela for the exchange of medical services for low-cost oil.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[80] Recently tourism has become an increasingly important industry.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

As of 2004, the country has been visited by between 2 and 2.5 million tourists a year.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Some Latin American tourists come to Cuba to use the country's hospital services.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[34] The most popular traditional resorts are Varadero and Guardalavaca.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[81] A lot of Canadians, Britons, Spaniards, Italians and Mexicans visit the country.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[82] Cuba has two currencies, the domestic peso (CUP) and the convertible peso (CUC).


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Their exchange ratio is 1:1 for corporations, less favourable to individuals: the exchange of the US dollar to CUC is taxed at 10%.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

As of 2011, CUC is pegged to the dollar.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The two currencies are used in different trades, which has led to extensive black market trading.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[34] Cuba's economic model is socialist, 83% of the workforce is employed by the state.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Since 2008, Raúl Castro's regime has made changes toward a market economy, and the 2011 party convention passed a series of reforms, including private land ownership and lending.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[34] The average wage in Cuba is about $20 per month and unemployment is about 1.7%.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[83] Embargo The United States declared in 1962 on the embargo on Cuba, which is still continuing.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

A key condition for easing the blockade has been the release of dissidents.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[84] In 2008, President Bush offered humanitarian aid to Cuba and temporarily allowed the sale of food and building supplies worth $250 million [85] and in 2009 the United States relaxed the blockade by allowing Cubans in his country to travel and send money to Cuba.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[86] The embargo does not only restrict trade by U.S. companies to Cuba, it also applies to foreign companies that trade in both the United States and Cuba.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

For 19 years now, the UN General Assembly has passed a resolution calling for lifting the embargo every year, but the United States has ignored UN demands.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[87] In December 2014, the United States began negotiating to lift the embargo.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The population of Cuba's approximately 11 million inhabitants is white at 65.1%, mulatts as well as mestits 24.8% and blacks 10.1%.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[1] The official language is Spanish.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Before Castro's 1959 rise to power, 85% were at least nominally Catholic.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[1] According to the Pew Research Center research institute, in 2010, 59.2% of Cubans are Christian, 17.4% are folk religions, 0.4% are other religions, and 23.0% are non-religious.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[88] In 1960, life expectancy was 64 years [89] in Cuba and 56 years in Latin America.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[90] In 2010, the figures were 79 years and 74 years.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[91] Health Care In 2008, there were more than 33000 family doctors in Cuba.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

For every 20 to 40 family doctors, there is a local clinic.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

In the 21st century, more and more specialized medical services have been transferred to them, which were previously only available in hospitals.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[92] According to World Health Organization statistics, Cuba has had a doctor per 170 inhabitants, [80], compared with about 300 inhabitants in Finland, for example.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[93] As health care has become a profitable export product, fewer workers have been left in domestic services and patients have had to queue for treatment.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[80] Cuban doctors who helped Ebola patients in West Africa have been nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[94] According to a 2010 UNAIDS report, compared to other Caribbean countries, Cuba has an extremely low rate of HIV carriers.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

In 2009, they numbered less than 0.1% of the adult population, totaling about 7100 people.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Almost four thousand people received antiretroviral therapy, or 80% of those in need.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[95] Education Cuba invests far more in education than other countries in the region.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

98% of children finish elementary school, and 83% of the age class attend middle school.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The number of tertiary students is also clearly higher than in other countries in the region.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

100% of young people and 99.8% of all adults are literate, compared to 97% and 91% respectively.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[96] Women's role Gender equality has been achieved in principle in education and employment.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

However, while equal wages are paid for equal work, men often get better paid jobs, and cultural traditions guide women to do household chores and care for children and the elderly.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[97] 43.6% of the delegates in the National Assembly are women.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

In the working world, men dominate traditional “hard fields” such as engineering and natural sciences.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

In medicine, education and law, women are the majority.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[98] Culture Literature Poet José Martí (1853—1895) is the most famous name in Cuban revolutionary literature.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Known from the revolutionary literature of the 20th century, Alejo Carpentier, who wrote most of his output in exile before the revolution and, upon his return to Cuba, gained an influential position as the head of the country's book costs.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[99] Other notable Cuban writers include Guillermo Cabrera Infante, Reinaldo Arenas, Leonardo Padura and Pedro Juan Gutiérrez.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[100] Fine arts Cuban visual arts were influenced by European classicism in the 19th century.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Starting in the 1920s, the avant-garde increased its popularity in the country.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Among Cuba's best-known artists of the “Vanguard” movement in those days was Wifredo Lam.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

After the 1959 revolution, Cuba's artistic freedom tapered as the country became politicized, resulting in a number of artists leaving the country.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Socialist realism imported from the Soviet Union also did not reach the full popularity of Cuban artists.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The country's art life began to be liberated again in the 1980s.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

In the 1990s, emigration became vacant, resulting in a large number of artists leaving the country again.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[101] Today, according to local artists, artistic freedom prevails in Cuba, and artists are no longer restricted by the state as before.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The country has high quality free university and lower arts education, the state continues to support art makers, and the social and economic status of artists is good.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The most prestigious art school in the country is the Instituto Superior de Arte, founded in 1961.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Cubans themselves don't buy art much; customers of local artists tend to be foreigners.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Contemporary Cuban art reflects the country's diversity: European, Caribbean and African heritage, as well as diverse religions.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Among the most prominent art museums in the country is the Villa Manuela Gallery in Havana.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Art is also well seen in the street image of the country.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[101] Film and Dance Havana hosts an annual internationally renowned Latin American Film Festival.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Movie tickets are cheap in the country, so going to the cinema is a popular pastime.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[102] Dancing is also very popular in Cuba.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The country's National Ballet and its founder, Alicia Alonso, are also well known outside Cuba.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[102] Music Cuban music has its roots in Spain and West Africa, but influences have come from numerous other cultures.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Cuban musical styles include son, bolero, cha-cha, rumba, mambo, conga and timba.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[103] Similarly, during the 19th and 20th centuries Cuban music has influenced jazz, salsa, Argentine tango and Spanish new flamenco (“nuevo flamenco”), among others.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[104] More recently, Cuban music has gained international acclaim with the release of the Buena Vista Social Club album produced by American Ry Cooder in 1997.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

A wide-spread documentary film was also made about Buena Vista Social Club.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[105] The band members also received personal publicity and, for example, Ibrahim Ferrer also gained popularity in Finland and performed at Pori Jazz in the summer of 2003.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[106] Other Cuban well-known musicians include (the late) Celia Cruz, Gloria Estefan, thrash metal band Slayer's drummer Dave Lombardo [107], vocalist Pitbull [108] and Sen Dog, a member of the rap band Cypress Hill.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[109] In addition, rap artist Fat Joe has partly Cuban lineage.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Religion Cubans are a religious people, even if the country was for a long time officially atheist.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Religious life in the country is characterised by syncretism, that is, an amalgamation of influences from different religions.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[110] The most prominent religions in Cuba are Catholicism and Afro-Cuban syncretistic religions such as Santería.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Catholicism in the country is historically associated with Europeanism, Spain and Portugal, and Afro-Cuban religions came to the country with slavery.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Practitioners of Afro-Cuban religions were persecuted in the country right up to the 1990s, having been considered “witchcraft”.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

There are also Protestants, Jews and Muslims in Cuba in particular.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[110] The Cuban Revolution was a hard blow to the Catholic Church in the country, which lost its position in education, among other things.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

All religionists were also excluded from Communist Party membership and other political activities.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

A lot of Catholic Church leaders moved to Florida in the 1960s.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[111] Cuba renounced state atheism in 1991, and citizens were guaranteed religious freedom.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Since then, religions have grown in popularity in the country and have become more prominent.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The Pope has visited the island in 1998 [112] and in 2015.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[113] Food culture The traditional Cuban diet is simple: beans and rice form the basis, and soup banana, root vegetables and vegetables are eaten with them.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

In the past, everyone ate beef, but pig and chicken have grown in popularity as more affordable options.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Sweet treats are popular, especially ice cream.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Cakes are reserved for birthdays.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[102] Sports Cuba has participated in the Olympic Games since 1900 a total of 19 times.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

At the beginning of the century, fencer Ramón Fonst brought plenty of medals.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Beginning in 1976, the Cuban team has featured more than 150 athletes.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[114] Since then, Cuba's success at the Olympics has also been relatively good.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

The national football team was ranked number 100 in the FIFA rankings as of October 2011.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

There are 46425 registered players in Cuba as well as 353 football clubs.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Cuba advanced to the final tournament of the 1938 World Cup competitions.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

In the Gold Cup final tournament, Cuba has played five times.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[115] Football, volleyball, boxing and baseball are the most popular sports in Cuba.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[116] [117] [118] Top Cuban sport has suffered from defections of successful athletes, for example several top boxers have defected to Germany.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

[119] [120] See also History of Cuba Cuban Revolution Cuban Missile Crisis The Bay of Pigs invasion Cuban rumba Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Raento, Paulina| title = Cuba: Country, People, Society| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 2011| id = ISBN Helsinki}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Valtonen, Pekka| title = Latin American history| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamus Book| year = 2001| id = ISBN 951-662-843-5}} Citation error, replace with {cite book| | author = BBC News| title = Cuba Timeline| location = UK| publisher = BBC| year = 2012}} References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Leo Huberman and Paul M. Sweezy (translated by Tuomas Takala) | title = Cuban socialism| location = Helsinki| publisher = Tam| year = 1971 }} On the topic elsewhere — online publication of the Suomi-Kuba Society.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

. . — Yle Living Archive.


Question: What is Cuba's GDP?

Cuba

Category:44 North America * Category:Key articles on screening


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhpuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

Uuno Turhapuro is the protagonist of the Uuno Turhapuro films played by Vesa-Matti Loir and created with Pertti “Spede” Pasanen.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhpuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

The character appeared in the Spede Show entertainment show between 1971 and 1976 and 1984, and in a 20-part film series from 1973 to 2004.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhpuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

General Information Uuno Turhapuro is a lazy and disheveled man whose hallmarks are a broken mesh shirt, sparse, into a black row of teeth (Väpy Endkö?


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhpuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

In the film, however, it is shown that Turhapuro's father-in-law, leader Tuura, knocks Turhapuro's tooth row sparse.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhpuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

), dirty faces, and the pronunciation of d as t.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhpuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

His wife Elisabeth Turhapuro (Marjatta Raita) is the daughter of rich mountain counselor Tuura (Tapio Hämäläinen, Pehr-Olof Sirén, Heikki Nousiainen).


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhpuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

At the beginning of the first film, it is shown how Uuno was still cool at the couple's wedding, but brawled and immediately lazed after getting married to the daughter of a wealthy family.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhpuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

Uuno Turhapuro's main hobbies are loosening and overeating on the couch as well as tipping the Tuura tradition.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhpuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

His biggest help is the talkative gifts he uses to sort out his conjugal troubles alike, sniffing free meat pies off the grill as well as fiddling with foreign women.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhpuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

There is no exact information about Uuno Turhapuro's birthday, but at the beginning of the film, it is Uuno's birthday, and a little later in the film Turhapuro's friend Sörsselssön celebrates May Day to which Turhapuro's other friend Härski Hartikainen reiterates May Day two and a half weeks ago.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhpuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

It can therefore be concluded that Uuno's birthday would be either 18 or 19 May.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhpuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

Name Spede Show skits Uuno Turhapuro and his wife did not yet have any established name.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhpuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

Marjatta Raita said the reason no one could remember which names had been chosen the previous time.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhpuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

[1] In the first film in the series, Uuno Turhapuro (v.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhpuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

1973) Uuno Eero Turhapuro is mentioned as the full name of Uuno.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhpuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

In the second film Professor Uuno D.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhpuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

G. Turhapuro (v.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

1975), however, is called Uuno David Goliath Turhapuro.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

In the third film Lotto Winner FAQ Turhapuro (v.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

1976) Uuno officially changes its name to Uuno Kaavit Koljat Turhapuro to obtain the same initials as President Urho Kaleva Kekkonella.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

Turhapuro himself calls himself director Uuno Turhapuro, although he is usually either short-term jobs or completely unemployed.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

In the film Uuno's staggering bachelor years in the countryside (v.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

1990) finds out that Turhapuro's father calls his son “Director Uuno Turhapuro” even before he is born, and in the first Uuno film, Turhapuro tells Härski Hartikainen that he has taken a leadership course at a letter school.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

The English name for Uuno Turhapuro is Numbskull Emptybrook.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

[2] Uuno is a prequel to Spede Pasanen's high school teacher Uuno Hiltunen.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

Uuno family Uuno's father is Hugo Turhapuro (Olavi Ahonen), who raised him alone.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

Uuno only later meets his mother Gunhild Donnersdotter (Hannele Lauri) and leaves with her to Helsinki to become civilized.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

In the Uuno films, Turhapuro has several brothers, including Jeremias and Veijo (Uuno Turhapuro moves to land), Peni (Director Uuno Turhapuro — a pisnisman), “director” Tarmo Turhapuro (brother of Uuno Turhapuro) and Mr. George Turhapuro (Uuno's twin brother living in America from the Iron Merchant film ).


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

However, according to the Uuno Turhapuro Jubilee book, Jeremias and Peni would be the same person.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

The mother of Uuno's younger brothers (such as Jeremias) is the merchant Rentukka (Mirjam Himberg).


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

The family also included her grandmother, whom Tarmo sold as a slave to an African trade mission.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

Grandmother had later written to Tarmo saying much thanks for being sold as a slave, as she liked foreigners more than Finnish men.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

Uuno professions Director (native) lawyer (Tuuralle, at the end of the film Army) Master of Science violinist (letter course) film actor (main parts only) double agent conductor manor surveyor trade traveller (mentioned in one of Spede In the show's Uuno sketches) the Coalition Communist candidate (requested) mayor (if not hindered by fervent love) babysitter businessman Scarecrow Bachelor of Medicine (dream seen by Tuuura) major advertising model (in tooth rot ad) tourist travel guide Educational video author (in the Uuno Turhapuro television series) local cooperative advertiser local radio reporter i.e. reporter police dog Presidential candidate Tömistava campaign manager Professor ironmonger stake jumper (letter course) Social Inspector with full police powers The President of the Republic of Finland (sleep) bed test master waiter tennis coach health inspector (self-appointed) butcher CEO government official (surveying duties) Special Inspector of the Tax Office Extraordinary Deputy Under-Secretary of the Department for Follow-up to Nonurgent Affairs Committee Reports (short term) The basic idea of films and key personalities The usual plot of films is based on the tension between Turhapuro and his father-in-law; dislikes his son-in-law Tuura runs into recurring adversity in his career when Turhapuro pops out at inopportune moments.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

Uuno also repeatedly defeats his father-in-law in every possible situation: When Tuura, appointed as Minister of Defence, orders Turhapuro into the army (Uuno Turhapuro working for the army), he becomes a major during his conscript service.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

When Tuura participates in the presidential race (Uuno Turhapuro mr. Helsingin), Uuno becomes the President of the Republic in semi-damage.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

Turhapuro's regular sidekicks are his car repairman friend Härski Hartikainen (Spede Pasanen) and engineer Sörsselssön (beginning Lettunen and between Lörsson, Simo Salminen).


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

The central characters in Uuno films also include Uuno's mother-in-law (Marita Nordberg, Anja Pohjola, Ritva Valkama).


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

One minor character in the Uuno Turhapuro films is Uuno's father, Hugo Turhapuro (Olavi Ahonen), who has appeared in four films.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

Other notable actors in Uuno films included Elli Castrén, Helge Herala, Hannele Lauri, Juhani Kumpulainen and Marja Korhonen.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

Marjatta Raita is the only one who has appeared in every film, if we include the brother of Uuno Turhapuro, classified as an unofficial film.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

[3] A total of 19 Uuno Turhapuro films were made between 1973 and 2004.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

Initially, only one films were intended to be made, but due to the great popularity, more films were made.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

Uuno Turhapuro is a character developed by Vesa-Matti Loir and Spede Pasanen.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

The films also ended up with material from real life, for example, the pranks Loir played on set.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

[1] Most of the films are directed by Ere Kokkonen and scripted by Spede Pasanen.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

Since the 1984 film Uuno Turhapuro working for the army, Kokkonen has scripted all Turhapuros he directed himself.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

When MTV bought Spede Pasanen's companies and films in the mid-1980s, Pasanen himself made it a condition that Kokkonen must become production manager and director, whereby Kokkonen agreed only if he could become a screenwriter for future Ounas, as he felt that Uuno had become over time too mean (which he should by no means be) and he wanted to soften the nature of this.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

[4] Between 1987 and 1990 and 1993 Pasanen established himself as a screenwriter after falling out with Ere Kokkonen, alongside Hannu Seikkula and Pertti Melasniemi as director.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

However, the plot and many individual jokes of the films are developed jointly by Pasanen, Kokkonen, Loir and sometimes Simo Salmisenki, bringing in their own ideas.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

Among them then the final manuscript compiled when Pasanen, when Kokkonen.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

After Spede Pasanen retired from making films in 1998, he sold production rights to Ere Kokkonen to Turhapuro films in the 1990s.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

The last two Uunos are directed and produced by Ere Kokkonen.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

Second, Director Uuno Turhapuro — pisnismies (v.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

1998), he collaborated with the Spede production.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

In 2003, Kokkonen and Loiri began planning to make the last Turhapuro film in memory of Spede Pasanen.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

Uuno Turhapuro — This is my Life (v.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

2004) is based on an idea developed by Spede and Ere Kokkonen in which Uuno infiltrates a retirement home for the rich and gets into a television reality show to reminisce about his life stages.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

The last Turhapuro film was made with the power of an old team.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

In this film Tapio Hämäläinen returned to play Vuorineuvos Tuuura.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

Reception Right from the start, critics considered the Uuno films to be really bad: they were called, for example, an unstructured grunt and a collection of overlong skits.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

[5] There was also wonder about the ugliness of the character.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

[1] Viewers liked Ovens more than critics.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

Already the first film received 600,000 viewers, however, success was not expected.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

[5] The most popular Uuno film is Uuno Turhapuro in the army from 1984, which received over 750000 viewers in cinemas.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

It was the most watched film of its entire decade in Finland (including foreign films) and, as of 1968, the most-watched domestic film until February 2018, when Aku Louhimija's version of The Unknown Soldier broke Uuno's viewership record with over 1 million viewers.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

The film Uuno Turhapuro — This is my Life received 145000 viewers and was the third most watched film of 2004.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

[6] Character filmography Television series Spede Show (1971—1976, 1984) Uuno Turhapuro working for the army (1986, film as a 7-part extended television series) Uuno Turhapuro (1996) Director Uuno Turhapuro — pisnismies (1999, film as a 5-part extended television series) Uuno Turhapuro — This Is My Life (2006, film as a 5-part extended television series) Citizen Turhapuro (2017, entertainment documentary series about Uuno Turhapuro) Accessories Uunokasino.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

Established in 2016 by Finnish-owned gaming company Lunas Entertainment Ltd., an online casino based on the character of Uuno Turhapuro.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

[7] Uuno is number one!


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

— Jaakko Salo's music for Uuno Turhapuro films 1973—1998 (2003) on a CD of original music from the films.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

A computer game of the same name has been released for the Commodore 64 home computer in 1986.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

The game was implemented by Pasi Hytönen and Jori Olkkonen and published by AmerSoft, who were part of the group AMER.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Aitio, Tommi| title= Spede: Pertti Pasanen life| location = Helsinki| publisher = Tambi| year= 2002| id = ISBN 951-31-2531-9}}} Kokkonen, Ere: Stories from Turhapuro DVD interview Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Marjamäki, Tuomas (ed.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

) | title = Uuno Turhapuro celebrator| location = Nurmijärvi| publisher = Ere Kokkonen Oy| year = 1998| id = ISBN 952-91-0167-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Marjamäki, Tuomas| title = Laughers.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turvapuro

Authors of Finnish Comics 2007-1907| publisher = Edita| year = 2007}} References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Aitio, Tommi| title = Uuno Turhapuro.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turhapuro

Life| location = Helsinki| publisher = Johnny Kniga| year = 2014| isbn = 978-951-0-40301-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ikonen, Stiina & Marjamäki, Tuomas (eds.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turhapuro

) | title = Uuno Turhapuro's contemplations.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turhapuro

Legendary movie flashes and Uuno trivia | location = Hyvinkää | publisher = Pupliser| year = 2006| isbn = 952-99535-5-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Sihvonen, Jukka (ed.


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turhapuro

) | title = UT: Expeditions to Uunoland| location = Helsinki| publisher = Library Service| year = 1991| isbn = 951-692-279-1}}


Question: What was the last Uuno Turhapuro movie?

Uuno Turhapuro

Yle Living Archive: (1991), (2004) * Category:Uuno Turhapuro characters


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

Earthship is an eco-house built of natural and recycled materials that exploits solar energy passively.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

Earthship buildings are usually constructed of automobile tires filled with dirt, which reserve heat and thus naturally smooth out temperature fluctuations in the interior.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

Generally, buildings have also taken into account ventilation and try to make them as independent as possible from electricity grids and the use of fossil fuels.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

Earthship buildings are usually attempted to be constructed as ecologically as possible from materials in use and they seek to exploit sunlight and other available resources.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

For example, there is an effort to build walls with sunlight in such a way that as much light and heat as possible can get inside.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

Older buildings are often horseshoe shaped, newer designs are more rectangular to allow natural light and heat to enter.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

The heat is supposed to be absorbed into the thick inner walls.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

Due to low sunlight in Finland, the traditional model does not work very well, but models that work better in Finnish conditions are already being investigated [1] [2].


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

Honeycomb-like structures are often used in interior walls, where as part of transparent bottles are used to get light through the walls to reduce the need for artificial light and as insulation.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

In earthship buildings, the roof is often to save energy especially well insulated.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

History Earthship's contemporary form began to be outlined in the 1970s by architect Mike Reynolds.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

His goal was to design a house that would fulfill three goals: First, it should support sustainability architecture and use materials found throughout the globe, and recycled materials.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

Secondly, the house should use as much natural energy sources as possible and be as independent as possible from the infrastructure provided by society, such as electricity grid and plumbing.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

Thanks to this, the house should also be better able to cope with natural disasters and reduce consumption.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

Thirdly, the building should be affordable and its construction should be successful without construction training.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

Reynolds' plans eventually led to horseshoe-shaped structures, which are designed and marketed today by the Earthship Biotecture company he founded.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

Although car tyres filled with dirt are most often used in buildings, other dense material that retains heat, such as stone, concrete or sandbag, is at least in principle a material.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

Earthship buildings can be found around the world today, so far though less so far in the northernmost areas.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

Buildings are better suited to more southern areas because the problem more north is the lack of sunlight, the need for additional heating and humidity.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

Earthship houses have been built in Sweden and Estonia.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

In Finland, construction of Earthship houses, among other northern problems, has been slowed by building permit laws, which were also Mike Reynolds' problem back in his time in the United States.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

Basic Solutions Earthship building strives for self-sufficiency in terms of water, electricity and air conditioning.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

Water Water is collected from rainwater, snow and condensate.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

Drinking water is purified before commissioning.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

Greywater Grey water is water used as shower or washing water.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

Unpotable grey water is used in Earthship buildings in many contexts from toilet flushing to plant irrigation.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

Wastewater Even hard-to-clean wastewater used in toilets can be used outside the house as watering water for plants.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

Electricity There are many different ways to collect electricity, the main ones being the conversion of solar and wind energy into electricity.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

The collected electricity is stored in batteries, which are usually stored in a separate space on the roof of the building.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

If enough electricity is not collected, an internal combustion engine aggregate can also be used in buildings or connect the building to the normal electricity grid.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

Electricity in the building is needed mainly for household appliances.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

The goal is to not use electricity for air conditioning or heating.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

Air Conditioning Indoor air conditioning takes advantage of a number of phenomena.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

The most important of these are heat-retaining materials and the useful use of thermal energy generated by sunlight.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

Mulch-filled car tires used as construction elements reserve sunshine thermal energy.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

If sunlight is not let in during hot weather, the mulch mass will slowly begin to cool the temperature inside.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

Mulch-filled car tires do not react to temperature changes quickly, but smooth out changes in building temperature.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

The ventilation of the building is gravitational.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

Cooler air flows in, which, when heated, is routed out through the roof.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

Heating Earthship buildings heat management relies on heat capture from sunshine and heat storage in mull-filled car tire walls.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

In some buildings these have not been balanced and the building has become too cold or too hot.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

The goal would be to use external heating as little as possible.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

Car tires Old car tires are readily available almost anywhere in the world.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

Using them as mulch-filled elements is easy.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

Most often, one builder shovels dirt inside the ring and the other stands on top of the ring and bangs the dirt tight inside the ring with a sledgehammer.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

The mold must be sealed evenly around the ring, so as not to twist the tire.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

The tires must be inflated at the final place of placement, because the inflated tire weighs more than a hundred kilograms and it is difficult to move it from place to place.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

The advantage of using car tires as a building material, in addition to the price, is their good load-bearing capacity and fire resistance.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

In Belgium, the use of car tyres as building material is prohibited due to possible soil absorption of lead and zinc in car tyres and sandbags are used instead of car tyres.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

Different building designs Earthship buildings are most often individual and there are many different variations and many eco-houses have similar solutions, although they could no longer even be considered Earthship buildings.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

Earthship Biotecture offers the following basic models on its site Simple Survival Haiti disaster needs, still providing shelter, clean water, toilets, some electricity, plants fit for food, and supports waste recycling.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

Packaged Easiest package solution offered by Earthship Biotecture, including house design, necessary materials and construction assistance.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

Vaulted Global Earthship The latest in a series of building models designed by Earthship Biotecture, where attempts have been made to improve previous designs.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

A commonly used construction model designed by Global Older Earthship Biotecture, which many others have used as a starting point for their own solutions.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

Applications Earthship is well suited to crisis areas because supplies can be easily found and buildings are easy to build without special tools or special skills.


Question: What shape are the older Earthship buildings?

Earthship

Since the building is designed to be as self-sufficient as possible, it is also useful in areas where the power grid and sewerage do not work.