Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Ekhidna and Typhon's descendants included Cerberos, Orthos, Chimera, Hydra, Sphinx, Harpys and, according to some lore, also the Nemean lion.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Later gods to the second generation of Gods include Apollo, Artemis, Hephaestus, Hermes, Athene, Ares, etc., who lived on Olympus.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Some of the oldest sources of narratives related to these are the so-called Homeric anthems.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

The overgod Zeus was also the god of earth, wind, clouds, rain and thunder.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Zeus had a half-brother, the centaur Kheiron, whose mother was Okeanos' daughter Filyra.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Zeus' spouse was his sister Hera.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Zeus had numerous children not only with Hera but also with numerous other companions, such as nymphs and mortal women, whom he often seduced in an animal character.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Hera, who was also the patron of motherhood, bore Zeus Eileithyia, the helper of the birthers.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Also, the god of war Ares was born as a child of Zeus and Hera.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

With Metis, the goddess of wisdom, Zeus received Athena, the goddess of war and wisdom.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Also, most of the other chief deities were descendants of various companions of Zeus, except Hephaestus, the god of fire and blacksmiths, who was possibly born from Hera alone in retaliation for Athena's birth.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Leto bore Zeus twins; Apollon, the god of the sun and music, and Artem, the goddess of hunting.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Dionysus, the god of wine, was the son of Zeus and Semele.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

The goddess of beauty Aphrodite was born, according to another version of the birth story, as a child of Zeus and Dione.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

According to the most common view, in addition to Zeus and Hera, the brother of Zeus, Poseidon, the deities Ares, Hermes, Hephaestus, Aphrodite, Athene, Apollo and Artemis, most central among the children, and Apollon's son, the god of medical skill Asclepios, lived on Olympus.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Dionysus and the siblings Demeter, Hestia and Hades of Zeus, Hera and Poseidon appear among them in some myths.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Hestia left Olympus to live among the people.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Olympus was also originally inhabited by mortals like Ganymedes, the drinker of the gods, as well as Heracles, the greatest of the heroes whom Zeus called among the gods.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Mythology contains numerous accounts of relationships and disputes between gods.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Hades kidnapped Demeter's daughter Persephone to marry him in the underworld.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

As Demeter grieved, nature withered.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

As a solution, Persephone was given permission to spend part of the year on earth.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

This explains the variation of the seasons.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[13] Athene and Poseidon raced for ownership of the city of Athens, and Athene won the city for herself.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[14] Time of men and gods The time of men and gods forms a bridge between the jumal and heroine.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

One typical myth set in the era is the story of a human woman raped by a male god (most often Zeus) who gives birth to a heroic offspring.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

In some cases, the goddess copulates with a human male, as in Aphrodite's homeeric hymn, in which the goddess lies in Ankhise and gives birth to her Asiea.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

The fables also include other kinds of encounters between gods and humans.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

In the lore of Artemi and Aktaion, Aktaion saw the goddess of hunting naked bathing on his hunting expedition.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

As revenge, the goddess transformed Aktaion into a moose, which was then eaten by her own dogs.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[15] Another type case is the creation or theft of some important item.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Prometheus (“exactly/pre-deliberate”) probed to deceive Zeus in the division of sacrificial flesh.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Zeus retaliated by depriving the people of fire.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Prometheus stole it back and gave it to people.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Prometheus received punishment, but later became a patron of human culture.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[16] Tantalos, in turn, took ambrosia and nectar from the table of Zeus, and tried to deceive the gods by feeding them his son Pelops.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[17] Later, when people had no longer cared about the gods after receiving fire, the gods created a great calamity for men: Hephaestus fashioned out of the earth and water the image of a woman to whom the other gods gave feminine skills.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

The woman's name was Pandora (“all-talented”).


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

This was given to Prometheus' brother Epimetheus (“retrospective”).


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Prometheus had warned his brother against taking a gift from the gods, but Pandora brought a box with her as a dowry.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

After a woman cracked her lid, all evil in the world escaped from there.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Only hope remained.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[16] As the sinfulness of men increased, Zeus decided to destroy mankind in the deluge.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Only Prometheus' son Deukalion and Pyrrha, daughter of Epimetheus and Pandora, were without sin.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

On the advice of Prometheus, Deukalion had built a small ship that allowed them to survive as the only people to survive, ending up on Mount Parnassos.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Zeus saw their sinlessness and allowed them to live.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

On the advice of the god Themis, who served as the oracle of Delphi, Deukalion and Pyrrha made the new people by tapping stones behind them: one became men and others became women.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Zeus recreated the other living beings.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[18] Love Stories and Metamorphosis Myths also include a large number of different love narratives, either between man and god or two people, as well as accounts of various metamorphosis.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

The subjects are intertwined in several fables so that the death of one or both parties leads to some form of metamorphosis into an example plant, animal, or river.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Some of the best-known love narratives in Greek mythology include the fables of Orpheus and Eurydike, Eros and Psyche, Narcissus and Ekho, and the god Apollon and Dafne.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Such narratives have been specially compiled in Ovidius' work Metamorphosis.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Orpheus was a poetry singer who, with his singing and lyric playing, made nature stop and listen.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

While Orpheus was celebrating the wedding with the Eurydike nymph, the snake bit the bride and she died.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

The grieving Orpheus went to the underworld to reclaim this.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

With his song and lament, he made the gods flinch, and so he was exceptionally allowed to take his bride back to life on earth, but on one condition: on his journey back up, he should not glance behind him.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

On the way, however, Orpheus forgot the condition and glanced at his bride, only to see how she had to sink back into the underworld, this time for good.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[19] Psychhe was a beautiful maiden who, by virtue of the oracle phrase, ended up being the spouse of an unknown man.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

She was never allowed to see his face, for he visited her only in the darkness of night.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Incited by his sisters, however, Psyche lit the lamp one night, and discovered his spouse to be the beautiful and sweet God Eros.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

However, Eros awoke and escaped Psychhe.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Subsequently, Psychhe also had to suffer the wrath of Aphrodite.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Eventually, however, Psykhke made it to Olympus as the spouse of Eros.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[20] Narcissus was a beautiful young man with whom everyone fell in love, but who himself weaned love.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

The Ekho nymph (“Echo”) fell in love with her, and whenever Narcissus was screaming in the forest responded in the same way.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Narcissus, however, rebuffed the maiden's love.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Aphrodite was angered by this and allowed Narcissus to fall in love with his own image when he saw it reflected from the source.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Tired by the eternal cataclysm, he eventually turned into a daffodil.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[21] After Apollon fell in love with Dafne, the only way the maiden escaped by becoming a laurel tree.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[22] In the triangle drama of Cyclops Polyphemos, Achii and Galateia, Galateia turned Akii killed by Cyclops into a river.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[23] Prokne, Philomela and Tereus, in turn, became birds.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[24] The metamorphosis narratives also include, among others, a fable about Philemon and Bauki.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

They were an elderly couple whom Zeus wanted to reward for their piety.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

They asked to be allowed to die together after their time was up.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

When they died, they turned into two old trees.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[25] Hero Age Myths about the hero age most often describe the adventures of heroic people, heeros.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Gods are still present in myths and often influence the course of events, but the co-operation of gods and humans is no longer as equal as still in myths describing the time between humans and gods.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Heracles and other early heeros The earliest and more famous heroes counted 12 Herakles who completed their careers.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[26] Other representatives of the oldest generation of heroes, such as Perseus [27] and Bellerofon, [28] shared many qualities with Heracles.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Their adventures were solitary, powerfully imaginative and fairy-tale, incorporating surreal monsters like Medusa and Chimera.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

The early generation of heroes was not as popular among poets as the later ones and is known mostly for the works of mythwriters and the side notes of prose writers.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

However, they were popular in the visual arts.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Heracles was the greatest of the Greek heroes.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

His father was Zeus and his mother Alkmene.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Hera hated him for this and sent two snakes to slay the newborn and his brother Ificle.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Heracles, however, was killed by the serpents.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

After defeating Orkhomenos, he received Megara as his consort.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Having killed his own children in a flurry of madness sent by Hera, he was forced, as punishment, to serve Eurystheus for 12 years and perform all the duties he gave him.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

These are known as Heracle feats.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Some of the most famous feats include the killing of the Nemean lion and Lerna's Hydra, cleaning the stables at Augeia, catching the Crete bull, and robbing Hadee's watchdog, Cerberos.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

After this, Heracles received his freedom.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[26] Later Herakles performed numerous other feats.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

After Ifitos was killed, he became a slave to Queen Omphale and had to perform women's jobs dressed in women's clothing.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

After Alkesti died, he demanded her back from death.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

He later assembled an army and made war against Troy and its king Laomedon.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Deianeira he defeated as his consort in battle with Akheloos.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

After he died, he became a god and was admitted to Olympus.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[26] Perseus was the son of Zeus and Danae.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Danae and the child were sealed in a coffin thrown into the sea and drifted to Serifos.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

King Polydektes of the island fell in love with Danae and tasked Perseus with the slaying of Medusa in order to get rid of the boy.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

However, Perseus succeeded and put Medusa's head in a sack, as the monster petrified anyone who looked this in the eye.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Later, Perseus rescued Andromeda from a sea monster.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

He then petrified Andromeda's racing suitors, as well as Polydecteen with the help of Medusa's head.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[27] Bellerofon, for his part, had to fight the Khimaira Monster because they also tried to bring him to death in this way.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Aided by him, he had a Pegasos horse.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[28] Also set in the era is the narrative of Meleagros, Atalante and the run of the Kalydon forest boar.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[29] Argonauts, Theseus and other later heeros The next generation of heroes included the Argonauts who pursued the golden fleece primarily.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[30] This generation also includes Theseus, who among others struck the Minotaur in Crete, [31] and Daidalos and Icaros who fled Crete.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[32] The Argonauts were a band of heroes led by Iason who travelled on the ship Argo to Colchis to retrieve a winged ram golden fleece guarded by a sleepless dragon.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

In addition to Iason, the Argonauts included, among others, Heracles, Asclepios, Kastor, Polydeukes, Theseus, Laokoon, Nestor, and Achilleus' father Peleus.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

The golden ram had previously been taken to Colchise from Orkhomenos by Friksos, and its fleece was consecrated to Are.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

On the way, the Argonauts encountered many adventures.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

In Colchii, Medeia, the king's daughter, fell in love with Iason and helped him with his magical powers.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

And Iason got the fleece, and sailed away from Medeia and his little brother Absyrtos with him.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

As the king pursued them, Medeia slew her little brother and chopped his body into the sea.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Thus the pursuers were left with parts to collect and the Argonauts got away.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Later, however, Iason rejected Medeia.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[30] Theseus was the son of Aigeus or Poseidon, king of Athens, who later became king of Athens himself.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

He performed feats like Heracles, and killed Sinis, Skiron, and Procrust, among others.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Theseus' most famous adventure is a visit to Crete, where he slew the bull-headed Minotauros monster who lived in the labyrinth.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

The Minotaur had been born as a result of the forbidden love of King Minos' consort Pasiphae and the bull.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

To hide the mixed fetus, Minos had built a labyrinth.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Theseus survived the labyrinth with the assistance of Minos' daughter Ariadne and was killed by the monster.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

He took Ariadne with him, but abandoned this to Naxus, whence Dionysus, the god of wine, took her as his consort.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

On Theseus's return home, Aigeus committed suicide due to a confusion in the colour of his sails.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[31] Later Theseus helped Heracle in taking Hippolyte's belt, thus falling in love with Antiope, resulting in the birth of a son Hippolytos.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

However, as his wife, he took Faidra, who later fell in love with Hippolytus.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

After the boy's rejection of love, Faidra committed suicide and deceived Theseus into slaying Hippolytus.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Later, Theseus robbed Helena and got into Hades with Peirithoos, from where Heracles rescued her.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[31] Daidalos was an accomplished architect who had designed the Labyrinth of Knossos for Minos.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

However, he had been imprisoned there with his son Ikaros in order to preserve the secret of the labyrinth.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

They escaped from there by flying on wings manufactured by Daidalos.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

However, Ikaros flew too close to the sun, causing his wings to melt and he fell into the sea.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[32] The lineage of Atreus, between the Argonauts and the Trojan Wars, was a generation of heroes committed by heavy crimes, often against close relatives, including Tantalos, Pelops, Atreus and Thyestes, and Oedipus with his children.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

The narratives associated with this generation provided much material for Greek tragedies.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

King Tantalos of Lydia was in the favour of the gods, whence he became arrogant.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Not only did he steal nectar and ambrosia from the gods, he also probed these by slaughtering his own son Pelops for food for these.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

At the feast, the other gods noticed the betrayal, but Demeter ate a piece of the boy's stage in his thoughts.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

The gods resurrected Pelops and replaced the missing piece with ivory.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Tantalos, as punishment, went through immense pain in the underworld.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[17] Pelops went to Greece, where the Peloponnese took its name from him.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

He encountered King Oinomaos, who tried to prevent his daughter Hippodameia from marrying after receiving a prophecy that he would be put to death by his own son-in-law.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Hippodameian suitors he staggered away from days racing.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Hippodameia fell in love with Pelops and arranged for Myrtilos, the driver of Oinomaos, to betray his father.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Oinomaos was killed while racing.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Later, Pelops massacred Myrtilos, who cursed the entire Pelops lineage.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

The sons of Pelopsi, Atreus and Thyestes, slain the third brother Khrysippos, and then ended up in quarrels with each other.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

At the meal he prepared, Atreus fed Thyeste her sons.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Thyestes cursed the entire genus again.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[17] The sons of Atreus were Agamemnon and Menelaus.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Agamemnon was king of Mycenae and married Tyndareus' daughter Klytaimnestra, Menelaus in turn became king of Sparta and married Tyndareus' second daughter, Helena, belonging to her beauty.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Later in the Trojan War, Agamemnon and Menelaus served as warlords for the Greeks.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[17] After Zeus plundered Europe, Agenor sent three of his sons to find him.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Of the boys, Kadmos ended up in central Greece and founded the city of Thebes there.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

He slain a dragon whose teeth were born by sowing the progenitors of the Thebes.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Kadmos received from heaven to consort Aphrodite and Aree's daughter Harmony.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[33] Later, Laios was king of Thebes, and Iokaste as his queen.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Laios receives a prophecy from the oracle of Delphi that he would come to be killed by the hand of his own son.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

When Laios and Iokaste had a son, this was given to a slave to be left in the mountains.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

However, the slave took pity on the boy, who eventually ended up in the court of the King of Corinth and was given the name Oedipus.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

As an adult, Oedipus received a prophecy from the oracle that he would come to slay his father and marry his mother.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Horrified, he left Corinth because he considered its king pair to be his parents.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

On the way, he got into an argument on the highway with a man and killed him.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

He eventually ended up in Thebes, where the king's office was vacant after the king died.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

He became king and married a dowager queen.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

It was later discovered to her that the man she had killed on the highway had been the King of Thebes and her real father, at which point she had therefore married her mother.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Oedipus blinded himself and eventually died in Kolonos near Athens.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[34] Polyneikes and Etheocles, the sons of Oedipus, showed exuberance towards their father.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Oedipus cursed his sons and predicted that they would live in constant quarrel.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Eteocles ended up ruling Thebes, while Polyneikes relocated to Argos.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Eventually, Argos was embarked on a war expedition led by the Seven Heeros to Thebes.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

This fable is known as the Seven Expeditions against Thebes.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Both Polyneikes and Eteokles fell in battle.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

King Creon, under threat of death, forbade anyone to bury Polyneike, who had been warring against his hometown.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

The brother's sister Antigone thus came into conflict between divine law (relatives must be buried) and the king's edict.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

He eventually buried his brother, as a result of which Creon ordered him to die.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Antigone hanged himself, and his fiancée Haimon, Creon's own son, also committed suicide.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Creon's wife Eurydike also killed herself.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[35] Later the Epigons, or the sons of the seven who rose up against Thebes, destroyed Thebes in a successful war.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Trojan War The Trojan War was, for the Greeks, a culmination point between myth and real history.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

The war-related lore is divided into five phases, the first dealing with the events leading up to the war; the second with the course of the war, including the events of Homer's Iliah; the third with the end of the war and the destruction of Troy; the fourth with the return of heroes from the war, including the Odyssey and Aeneis events; and the fifth Trojan generation descendant stages.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

In addition to Iliah and the Odyssey, these events were the subject, especially in other epics of the so-called epic Cyclus, as well as Greek tragedy.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

The war was the result of the so-called Judgment of Paris.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

The Trojan Paris was commissioned from Hera, Athena and Aphrodite to act as judge in terms of which of these goddesses was the most beautiful.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Paris chose Aphrodite.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

As a reward, Aphrodite promised her spouse the most beautiful woman in the world.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

This happened to be Helena of Sparta, who was already married to Menelaus.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

With Aphrodite's assistance, Paris travelled to Sparta and, on her return, took Helena with her.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

In retaliation, Menelaus and his brother Agamemnon assembled a large army which set out to take revenge on Troy and retrieve Helena.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Since the winds were not favorable for sailing, Agamemnon first had to sacrifice his daughter Ifigenei.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[36] The war lasted ten years.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

The Greeks besieged Troy for a long time.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

The events described by Ilias and Aeneis, central to the war, are set towards the end of the war.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

These include the feud between Achilleus, the most advanced soldier of the Greeks, and Agamemnon, the commander-in-chief of the troops, and the deaths of Achilleus' comrade Patroclus and Prince Hektor of Troy in battle.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

The gods also participate in the battle.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Of course, Aphrodite, as well as Apollon and Ares, among others, were on the Trojans' side, Hera and Athene, who were insulted in the beauty contest, and Poseidon, among others.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Eventually, Troy was overrun with the help of the Trojan wooden horse built as the invention of the resourceful Odysseus.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

During the takeover, Achilleus died from an arrow hit his heel.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Troy was destroyed, men were slain and many Trojan women were taken as slaves to Greece.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[36] After a decade-long war expedition, the war heroes returned to their homes.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Odysseus was forced to stray in the Mediterranean for ten years before he managed to return back to his home at Ithaka, where his loyal consort Penelope waited for him, besieged by racing suitors.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

On a harharic expedition, Odysseus experienced a wide variety of adventures and encountered lotophages, cyclops, laistrygons and sirens, sailed between Scylla and Charybdis, stayed for a long time with Kirke and Kalypso, and visited Nausika after meeting Alkinoos at court.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Poseidon did everything he could to prevent Odysseus from getting home, while Athene helped him.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Upon returning home, Odysseus slew Penelope's suitors.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[37] Aineias, who fled Troy, also experienced similar delusions before ending up in Italy and becoming part of Rome's mythical history.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[38] The darkest fate was with Agamemnon, who in turn suffered the curse of the House of Pelops.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

While he was at war, his wife Klytaimnestra cheated on him with Thyeste's son Aigisthos.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

When Agamemnon returned to Mycenae, he was slain by Klytaimnestra.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Agamemon's son Orestes was forced to avenge his father's slaying by slaying his own mother.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[39] Interpretations and Theories of Origin Myth can today be defined, for example, as a set of traditional narratives in which imaginative combinations of situations of human significance are formed into diverse semantic entities used in many different ways to illustrate reality.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[6] Myths were used to try, among other things, to explain various phenomena, events, and ways that seemed to have no natural explanation.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Some of the myths clearly seek to explain, for example, various natural phenomena or the emergence of different social institutions.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[3] [40] The meaning and use of myths in antiquity The Greek word mythos referred to the Archaic period all the way to the 4th century BCE.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

up to authoritative speech, discussion and narratives.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

It still had about the same meaning at the time as the word logos, which still at that time meant account, discussion and speech in general (rather than “sense”, which meaning is associated with the word nowadays).


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[41] For example, Homer used mythos simply in the sense of speech, and did not refer to the untruth of spoken; it was possible for a person to mythesthai (speak) the truth.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[42] A juxtaposition of the words logos and mythos later developed, with the former referring more generally to speech and the latter to various narratives and fables.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

The latter meaning was inherited by the Latin language phrase fabula.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[42] Herodotus, in his work on History, used the word mythos to describe explanations not based on any observations or evidence (for example, numerous theories of that time about the cause of the flooding of the Nile), as well as various, in his opinion, aimless narratives (such as the account of how Busiris wanted to sacrifice Heracles).


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Empedokles used the word from his own poetic world explanations.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Thukydides referred as “mythical” (mythōdes) to anything that circulated from mouth to mouth, whether it was common perceptions or fanciful stuff.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[41] The actual mythology in the modern sense of the word, that is, the totality of the traditional lore concerning gods and heeros, emerged from the 5th century BCE.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

since when so-called logographers began writing narratives, lineages reverting to gods, and other mythical material up.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Such include Akusilaos, Ferekydes Leroslainen (also an Athenian), Hellanikos and Herodoros, among others.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[41] [43] In ancient Greece, myths were part of everyday life.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Today, myth is usually conceived as a commonly known idea, which is nonetheless untrue.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

The Greeks rather conceived myths as commonly known narratives expressing some deeper truth that could not be presented in any other way, such as scientifically.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

For example, myths were used to explain the birth of the world, various natural phenomena, as well as the origin of evil occurring in the world.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

For example, the myth of Persephone's abduction explained the cycle of seasons.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Myths also explained psychology in such a way that different gods reflected human natures, and different desires and character traits were controlled by different gods.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

For example, Helena explained that she left for Troy because she was taken over by Aphrodite.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Myths also explained historical events, such as why Troy was overthrown as a result of various human and divine actions.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[44] Myths also explained, among other things, cultural differences and the origins of peoples” friendships and hostilities.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Especially the exalted lineages wanted to be attributed to the gods and thus incorporated into mythology.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

In antiquity, many myths were considered educational narratives, and teaching them was a central part of Greek civilization (paideia).


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

The narratives were listened to, read and memorized.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Through them, among other things, virtues were taught.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Various sages and philosophers presented different views on the subject and what kind of poetry came to be taught.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

The problem was central to Solon, Theognis, Socrates, and the Sophists, among others.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[41] In addition, myths also had an entertaining function in the style of folk tales.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Later they served as the standard material of Greek literature.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[42] While Greek mythology in the 5th century BCE.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

became established, many early philosophers such as Xenophanes, as well as historians such as Hekataios, began to distance themselves from mythology or abandoned it altogether.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Thus, both philosophy and historiography gradually began to separate themselves from myths.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[41] [43] Myth and Philosophy Greek mythology and Greek philosophy are often set as opposing approaches to explaining the world.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

During the early stages of Greek philosophy under so-called pre-socratic philosophy, the distinction was not yet apparent.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Many early philosophers, such as Ferekydes (Heptamykhos), Empedocles (From Nature) and Parmenides (From Nature), presented their philosophy in myth form or very myth-like language, some of them even in the hexameter form used by epic poetry.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

On the other hand, the mythological descriptions of the genesis of the Gods in Hesiodos, for example, responded in a way to the same problem as the contemplations of the first pre-socratics.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Aristotle, however, considered philosophy to have originated precisely from the abandonment of mythological world explanations and beginning to look for natural causes of things: instead of theological explanations, natural explanations were sought, which were meant to convince others other than just the person presenting them.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[45] Xenophanes rejected the myths because he regarded them as obscene and falsified narratives in which gods and heeros were put in to do all the things that people generally consider shameful, including all forms of theft, adultery, and other treachery.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

He wanted to ban such performances at festivities and poetry competitions.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Xenophanes also criticized the notion that gods are born, as well as the way to portray gods as human characters.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[43] [41] Theagenes, who was an early Homers critic, interpreted myths as among the first allegories, or metaphors.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

He saw, for example, the various gods as elements and forces of nature; Poseidon was water, Hera the air, Artemis the moon, etc. Empedocles continued the metaphorical interpretation of Theagenee by combining classical elementals with various gods.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Anaxagoras is reported to have interpreted the myths as moral allegories.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Metrodoros Lampsacosan, in turn, interpreted the persons of the Trojan War metaphorically: Agamemnon was the ether, Achilleus the sun, Helena the earth, Paris the air, etc. [43] According to Plato, myths came to be judged by their educational value.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

He therefore criticized the mythology and oral tradition of his time (mythology and archhaiology) in several ways.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Good and bad myths existed about him, and much of the myths were of the latter: they consisted of rumours, oracle recitations, neverending and changing family trees, narratives of the founding of cities, and all sorts of fables and sayings.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Myths sought to please the lowest part of the soul, which was susceptible to all kinds of passions, and were, out of control, harmful and downright dangerous.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

In the ideal state depicted by the state, myths had been censored by driving the poets out of town.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

The farm was to produce a new “mythology” which was a “useful and beautiful lie”.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Its purpose was to keep society together through shared narratives and opinions, and to encourage people to act fairly.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[41] Plato himself presented many of his ideas in the form of myths and thus used them to illustrate his doctrine of ideas; some examples are the ER myth of the State and the Atlantis myth of Timaios and Critiaa.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Some of his myths Plato created himself purely as instruments of his philosophy.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[46] [47] Myths and History Some of the myths possibly have some sort of historical basis and may be considered as history told in oral form before historiography.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

On the other hand, many myths have no connection at all to historical events.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[3] However, historicist interpretations must be careful and often errors and excesses occur when myths are supposed to speak more directly than they do.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[48] Greek mythology largely tells of the Mycenaean period, namely the Greek Bronze Age.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Narratives about the persons and events of the Hero Age are likely based at least in part on the ages of Mycenaean culture, as well as actual events in the so-called dark centuries following its destruction.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Significant cities often play a central role in the narratives.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Someone's city's role in mythology seems to have a direct connection to how significant a centre it has been in the Mycenaean period.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Likewise, many key circles of lore seem to revert to the Mycenaean period, so that they have been told unbroken through the so-called dark centuries.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

The myths often feature kings, which can tell of the Mycenaean kingage; on the other hand, kings may simply be appropriate person characters when strong, independent actors are needed.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[49] Some of the myths may have arisen on the basis of actual events, with increasingly fabled material coming into detail, as events have been narrated mouth-to-mouth and the actual time of events in history has gradually been obscured or forgotten altogether.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

An example is the story of the Trojan War.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Several scholars are of the opinion that the war has at least some sort of historical basis, although the war, with certainty, has not been as it appears in narratives.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

It might tell of a real war or wars, a general conflict between the regions, or mainly the establishment of Greek settlements in the Trojan region.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Many smaller war expeditions may have turned into one major war in myth, and similarly narratives of several different individuals may have eventually become part of the narrative of one great hero.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

The story of the Trojan War seems to have acted as a kind of “magnet”, drawing upon itself several local depictions of battle and heroes from across the Greek world.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[50] [51] Similarly, for example, the myths of the Seven and Epigons war expeditions against Thebes might be related to the wars between Thebes and Argos around 1300—1200 BCE, in which Thebes was possibly first spared and then destroyed.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

The narratives, however, contain so many mythical and possibly borrowed ingredients that they do not connect with history except through the fact that Thebes was truly destroyed around that time.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[52] [53] Many myths seem to tell about the movements of the Greek tribes and which region is inhabited from which place.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

These might inform historical events in some form.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[49] For example, in the lore of the maiden of Europe, Zeus plundered her from Phoenicia, after which the brothers of Europe went looking for this.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Of the brothers, Kadmos wandered on Thasos, among others, as well as several more southerly Aegean islands.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

This is possibly about which islands have had links to Phoenicia, such as Phoenician settlements; Greek historians cite as Phoenician trading posts, among others, precisely Thasos and Thera and Rhodes.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[54] In addition to events in the Mycenaean period, the myths also seem to have preserved reminders of the earlier, poorly known pre-Hellenic communities of Greece, such as the Minoans and Pelags.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

In particular, the narrative of Theseus, the Minotaur and the Labyrinth seems to be based on a distant memory of the palace of Knossos, as well as Minoan culture with some sort of bull cults.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[2] The title of King Minos must have been originally a Cretan monarch title (cf.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

pharaoh), not a personal name.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

The narrative has been put forward to describe, for example, some liberation of the Mycenaean Greeks of mainland Greece from the Minoans around the 13th century BCE.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[54] Some scholars also believe that the three main genera of gods (Uranos, Gaia, etc., Titans and the Gods of Mount Olympos) also mirror the ancient struggle between the three groups, Minoans, Mycenaeans and Hellenes.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

However, information about the history of this era is so scarce that it cannot be further clarified.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

In the early stages of Greek historiography, myth and history were often intertwined so that historiography began with myths and then progressed to the historical period.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Herodotus told myths as part of his historiography, although he distinguished them from known events.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Even Thukydides seems to have considered at least Deukalion, Hellen, and the Trojan War to be historical.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[55] Euhemeros saw all myths as historical in origin even to the extent that he considered Zeus and the other gods to have originally been kings, later converted into gods in narratives.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

This is called euhemerism.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[56] Other theories of origin Even in antiquity, among others, Herodotus speculated that the Greeks borrowed their goddess from the Egyptians.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Early Christian authors saw Hellenistic paganism as a degeneration of Biblical narratives.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Since the 18th—20th centuries, archaeologists and linguists have sought to unravel the roots of Greek mythology scientifically.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Linguists have shown that certain gods were inherited from the early Indo-European community, as was the Greek language.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

For example, Zeus is related as a word to Juppiter in Latin, Dyaeus in Sanskrit and Tyr of the Germans (based on these, a construct of the supergod of the cantaindo-Europeans, Dyeus) has been developed.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

In other cases, similarities between the status and function of the god character suggest a common origin, although linguistic kinship has not been established due to the scarcity of source material.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

This is the case with the Moirie of Greek mythology and the Norns of Scandinavian mythology, among others (both of which are in myths of the Moirie).


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Many Greek myths had connections to the myths of old cultures of the Middle East.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[3] Archaeology has also shown close cultural borrowing from the cultures of the Middle East and Asia Minor.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

The account of the Deukalion Flood has connections to the same old Flood narrative from the Middle East, which also appears in the Gilgamesh epic and the Bible.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Iapetos's name seems to correspond to that of Noah's son Japheth.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[57] Kybele is a clear example of Anatolian borrowing, while Aphrodite's iconography has drawn much influence from Ištar and Astarte of Semitic cultures.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Some Jungian theorists have advocated the idea that the origin of myths lies in the universal archetypes of the human mind.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Influence In Antiquity, Greek mythology greatly influenced Roman mythology.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

The Romans originally had little mythology of their own, as their gods were not personified.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Later, however, they created their own mythology in part by applying Greek myths to the Roman setting.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

[3] Many subjects of Greek mythology are known primarily through Roman versions, such as the works of Ovidius and Vergilius, as well as through imitations of early Greek artworks by Romans.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Later, especially in the Renaissance period, Greek mythology greatly influenced Western art and literature.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Both painters, sculptors and writers drew subjects from a rich mythological catalogue in their works, which has contributed to making mythology still an enduring part of Western cultural heritage.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

See also Ancient Greek literature Ancient Greek religion List of ancient Greek gods Roman mythology Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Burkert, Walter| title = Greek Religion| location = Cambridge| publisher = Harvard University Press| year = 1985| version = (Griechische Religion der archaischen und klassichen Epoche, 1977.)


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

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Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

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Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Castrén, Paavo & Pietti-Castrén, Leena| title = Ancient Handbook| location = Helsing| publisher = Otava| year = 2000| id = ISBN 951-1-12387-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Castrén, Sponge| title = Castrén, Sponge| title = New ancient history | location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 2011| id = ISBN 978-951-1-21594-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Dowden, Ken| title = The Uses of Greek Mythology| location = London & New York| publisher = Routledge| year = 1992| format = [online]}} Citation error , replace with {{cite book| author = Dowden, Ken & Livingstone, Niall| title = A Companion to Greek Mythology| publisher = John Wiley & Sons| year = 2011| version=Blackwell Companions to the Ancient World| id = ISBN 1444396935}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Grafton, Anthony & Most, Glenn W. & Settis, Salvatore| title = The Classical Tradition| location = Cambridge, MA & London| publisher = The Belknap of Harvard University Press| year = 2010| id = ISBN 978-0-674-07227-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lindskog, Claes| title = Greekk Ia divine fables and fairytales| others = Translated by I.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

K. Inha| location = Porvoo - Helsinki - Juva| publisher = WSOY| year = 1984| version= 3rd edition}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Simonsura, Kirsti| title = People and Gods.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Myths and mythologies| publisher = Tambi| year = 2002| version=3rd edition| id = ISBN 951-31-2510-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Thesleff, Holger & Sihvola, Juha| title = Ancient philosophy and the world of the world| location = Porvoo| publisher = WSOY| year = 1999| 4| id = ISBN 951-0- 19930-3}} References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Bellingham, David| title = Greek mythology| location = Jyväskylä Helsinki| publisher = Gummerus| year = 1990 (4th edition 1996) | version = (An introduction to Greek mythology, 1989.)


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

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Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Finnish translation: Maija Westerlund.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

3. supplemented edition (1st edition 1963) | id = ISBN 951-0-18515-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hesiodos| title = Birth of Gods| location = Helsinki| publisher = January| year = 2002| version = (Theogonia.)


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Translated by Päivi Myllykoski.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Attached poster of the family tree of the gods| id = ISBN 951-31-2411-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kivimäki, Arto| title = Achilles' heel to Zeus lightn| location = Hämeenlinna| publisher = Karisto| year = 1999| version = Illustrated by Matti Mustonen| id = ISBN 951-23-3917-X} } Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Vernant, Jean-Pierre| title = People, Gods, Universe: Greek narratives from the beginning of time| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2001| version = (L'univers, les dieux, les hommes: Récits grecs des origines, 1999.)


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

Translated by Martti Berger| id = ISBN 951-0-25188-7}} On topic elsewhere - Exploring Mythology in Classical Literature & Art Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

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Question: How do you define sirens?

Greek mythology

* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Part of a series OnIslam Beliefs Oneness of God Prophets Revealed books Angels Predestination Day of Resurrection Practices Profession of faith Prayer Fasting Alms-Giving Pilgrimage Texts and sciences Quran Tafsir Sunnah (Hadith, Sirah) Qisas Al- Anbiya Sharia (law) Fiqh (jurisprudence) Theology History Timeline Muhammad Ahl al-Bayt Sahabah Rashidun Imamate Caliphate Spread of Islam Succession to Muhammad Culture and society Academics Animals Art Calendar Children Demographics Denominations Economics Education Exorcism Feminism Festivals Finance LGBT Madrasa Moral teachings Mosque Mysticism Philosophy Poetry Politics Proselytizing Science Slavery Social welfare Women Related topics Abrogation in Islam Criticism of Islam Muhammad Quran Islam and other religions Islamism Islam and violence Islamophobia Glossary IslamportalVtislam ('submission'; old [1] designation Mohametism [2]) is a monotheistic Abrahamic religion.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

According to Islamic tradition, Islam originated in the Arabian Peninsula on the basis of apparitions of the Prophet Muhammad in 610.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Literally Islam means submission (to God).


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[3] In Islam, religious law (sharia) plays a central role.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

The number of Muslim people has been estimated at 1.7 billion people in 2014.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[4] The Islamic world stretches from the west coast of Africa to Indonesia and from Central Asia to the south of the Sahara.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Of Muslims, only one in five speak Arabic as their mother tongue.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Still, the Arabic-speaking world has maintained a spiritual lead in interpreting Islam — with the exception of Shiite Iran.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[5] In terms of numbers, the largest number of Muslims is in Indonesia.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Islam is the second largest and fastest growing religion in the world.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[6] The following information is in accordance with the largest trend in Islam, Sunnism, unless otherwise noted.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Generally Muslims believe that God revealed His words to humanity through Mohammed and earlier prophets of Islam.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Mohammed is understood as the “seal of the prophets” whose divine revelation was given to mankind in its final form in the Quran.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Islam sees Judaism and Christianity as “book religions” derived from the teachings of the prophets.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

However, Christians and Jews are considered to have distorted the original message of the prophets (Islam), thus corrupting the properly understood monotheistic message.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Islam is based on the same principles as Judaism as well as Christianity, but there are also significant differences between the three Abrahamic world religions.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

For example, Islam differs significantly from Christianity, inter alia, in that it is a law-centric religion where religious law has traditionally always meant social or state law as well, [7] and the spread of Islam in the classical form of religion has meant specifically spreading an Islamic form of society or state, and no attempt was made to convert the inhabitants of territories conquered under Islam insofar as they represented the religions of the book.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[8] Similarly, early Christianity arose outside of political power and even when persecuted it actively sought the conversion of all infidels, and for example Paul urges Christians to submit to Roman (secular) law, and Christianity does not include the idea of religious of law as a state law in the manner of the law of Moses or Sharia (see.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

e.g.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Letter to the Galatians).


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

From Judaism, Islam differs, among other things, in that, like Christianity, it is strongly pro-conversion (though not similarly to Christianity) and a doctrine aimed at expanding religion.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

According to the traditional or classical view, attempts have been made to expand Islam by starting with conversion, i.e. by presenting an invitation (da'wa) to the population of a non-Islamic region to convert to Islam, but if the invitation has been refused, the head of the Islamic State has been deemed to have an obligation to declare holy war (jihad) against the region.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[9] [10] Due to the political nature of traditional Islam, there are quite a few secular Muslim populated states where religion and state are separated.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[11] For example, Turkey, Senegal, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Azerbaijan and Syria are, however, secular.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Islam is both a communal and a system of views affecting individual life.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

In modern times, in old Islamic countries, for example Iran and Saudi Arabia, the influence of religion appears strong in all walks of life.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

In more secularised countries, such as the former Soviet republics of Central Asia, the status of Islam is similar to that of Christianity in southern Europe.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Islam is divided into two main trends, Sunnism and Shiite, within which in turn there are different schools and sects.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

In addition, there are Ahmadiyyans, Ibadites and Druze.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Sufilism is a tendency in Islam emphasising mysticism, followers of which can be found among Shiites and Sunnis alike.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Modern political Radical Islamic, or Islamist movements and armed groups, mainly lean on fundamentalist Islamic tendencies such as Wahhabism, or Salafi orientation or the teachings of the Indian deobandi school.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

An important principle in these tendencies is the concept of jihad (“striving for something”).


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Jihad is both a mental vilification against the inner evil of man and the defence of Islam through physical violence (see:


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

e.g. Quran, Surah 9:5), and has also traditionally been interpreted as a holy war to spread Islam.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

However, in modern more moderate interpretations, armed jihad is interpreted as justified only for the purpose of advocacy.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[12] Jerusalem is holy to Muslims, for Abraham was about to sacrifice his son Ishmael.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

The Rock Mosque is in Jerusalem, which is very important to Muslims Muslims say Mohammed rose from the holy cliff to heaven.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Main article: jihad Islam includes six basic beliefs: Faith in God Faith in angels Faith in books sent by God Faith in prophets and messengers Belief in the day of judgment and resurrection Faith in destiny Sources of religion Mohammed Mohammed was born around 570 in Mecca, the territory of present-day Saudi Arabia.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Mecca was a bustling but small-scale centre of trade, where the temple of the Kaaba was located.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[13] After coming of age, Muhammad became a merchant according to tradition.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[14] He married a rich widow as a young man.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[15] According to tradition, around 610, Mohammed, who was in a cave in the mountains of Mecca, saw an angel and received the first divine revelation.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Mohammed took up public activity around the year 613.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[16] Initially, revelations focused on highlighting God's awesomeness, but soon revelations banned other gods and began to emphasize the social message.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

The rich merchants of Mecca did not want the poor equal before God and furthermore feared the pilgrimage would suffer.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[16] Muhammad's situation became difficult and he moved to Medina in the north.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

The migration (, in Finnish often hidžra) took place in 622.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[17] This event also begins the Islamic period.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

In Medina, the Prophet of the Poor became a statesman and warlord.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

At the same time, legal and ritual provisions began to appear in the large, or figures of the Qur'an.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[18] Mohammed initiated war and raiding expeditions mainly against Mecca and caravans heading north from there.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

After three wars against the Meccans, Mohammed concluded a truce in 629.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

In accordance with the terms of the armistice, Muslims carried out a pilgrimage to Mecca.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

The following year, 630, they took the city without encountering much resistance.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[11] By order of Muhammad, no non-Muslim was allowed to set foot in Mecca; today this also applies to Medina.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[19] The Prophet Mohammed ordered the destruction of the statues of the gods worshipped by the Meccans, but left the Kaaba alone.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Mohammed remained in Medina and strengthened his new kingdom and fought battles against the squashing tribes.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

The following year he embarked on another pilgrimage to Mecca.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

In the early stages of the trip, Mohammed suffered a severe headache attack and returned back to Medina.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

According to tradition, Mohammed died on that trip on 8 June 632, or 10 of hidžra.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

as a year.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[20] Quran The prevailing view of the origin of the Qur'an is that while Muhammad lived, his revelations were irregularly recorded or preserved in people's memory as individual fragments.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

The compilation of apparitions did not resurface until after his death.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Until then, the issue mattered little, as the community could ask Mohammed directly about it.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[21] Islamic tradition gives contradictory information about the compilation of the Qur'an.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

A later lineage states that the Archangel Gabriel went through the apparitions with Mohammed once a year and twice on the deathbed.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Earlier sources are almost unanimous that Mohammed did not compile the Quran.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[21] The Quran was compiled into a book in the mid-6th century initially as a consonant text.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Arabic vowel markers and other precises became established in the following century.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

The current version in use is the 1923 Cairo Royal Edition.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

The Qur'an is divided into 114 suras, or chapters.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

The greats are divided accordingly into verses.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

The Suras of the Qur'an are arranged according to the length of time, and their age order runs mainly backward, with the shorter suras at the end of the Qur'an being the oldest and the longer greats at the anterior being the youngest.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

The short first suura, the Great of Opening, is followed by the longest Surah of the Qur'an, the Cow Surah, with a total of 286 verses.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Last, Surah of Men comprises only 6 verses.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

The longer suras of the Qur'an do not form continuous narratives but consist of very different fragments.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

The greats of the Qur'an often deal with each other the same issues.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

A recurring theme in the book is that rightly believers get to paradise () when they die, and infidels go to hell ().


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

The Qur'an also gives detailed descriptions in places of suffering awaiting in Hell.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

In addition to recurring themes, in addition to recurring themes, one finds historical material that is partly congruent with Biblical narratives.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

In addition, in the great Medina era, legal declaration begins to occur in relation to issues such as conjugal or inheritance of property.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

In the writings of the Medina era you can find verses dealing with war and urging the armed defence and dissemination of religion (e.g. Verse of the Sword, Qur'an 9:5) The beginning of everything follows a pattern familiar from the Bible in which the world was created in six days.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

God created Adam and his wife Eve out of clay and one soul.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

The universe is built from hell and the seven heavens.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[22] Beings according to the Qur'an can be divided into five groups: God, angels, spirits (jinns), people and other forms of creation.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

God is clearly monotheistic and has 99 names.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Angels are messengers of God.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Satan accordingly seduces people to evil.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[22] After the Sunna Qur'an, the next most important source of authority is the sunna.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

However, for its practical meaning for Sharia interpretation, Sunna is often formed to be more significant than the Quran, as most legal issues are not addressed in the Qur'an.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Sunna refers to the way of life of the Prophet Mohammed and its paragon for Muslims.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

In this later doctrine, Muhammad is considered to have acted protected from sin and to have done the right thing in his life.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[23] In Shiite doctrine, this also encompasses Shiite imams.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

For a long time, recalling Mohammed's way of life rested solely on verbal information.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

It was not until the 7th century that they began to be written for various collections.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

In these lineage, or hadiths, the exact wording is not as central as in the Qur'an, because the texts were based on Muhammad's behavior—not divine revelations.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[23] The hadith consists of two parts.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

The beginning lists the persons who conveyed the narrative, the so-called chain of witnesses (isnad), at the beginning of which either Mohammed or his companions are found.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

The actual narrative (matn) then follows.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

There are several Hadith collections, some of which are more prestigious and reliable than others.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

The best-known and most notable hadith collection is probably the so-called Sahih al-Bukhari, one of the six main collections of Sunnis (Kutub al-Sittah), which is also generally considered reliable and authentic by Shiites.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Because of contradictions in Islam, an aspiring hadith study developed early on in their authenticity.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Historical-critical research has viewed hadiths with suspicion, seeing more 7th- and 8th century doctrinal disputes than genuine material inherited from the early 6th century.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[23] Beliefs and Duties To a Muslim obligations are more emphasized than pieces of faith.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Islamic also lacks doctrinal disputes with a crucial central doctorate (such as the Pope or ecclesiastical assemblies within the circle of Christianity).


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

It follows that Islam incorporates a significant degree of doctrinal looseness.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

However, the fundamental doctrines are not taken loosely or indifferent.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[24] The Pillars of Religion Sunni Muslim must adhere to five basic pillars in his life.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Šahada, or creed, refers to the phrase containing the most central pieces of faith in Islam by which a Muslim professes his faith.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

The creed consists of two parts in Sunnism, the first defining Islam as a monothetic religion and the second part binding Muhammad as the mediator of God's word:, “There is no god but God and Mohammed is his emissary”.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Shiites add to the creed the phrase, “... and Ali is a friend of God”.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[25] Salat, or prayer, consists of a series of movements during which the first Surah of the Qur'an is also recited.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

A Muslim should pray five times a day at well-defined times.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Praying is possible either privately or in a mosque.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Basically a Muslim must hold all these prayer moments unless he has a compelling reason not to pray.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

The moment can also be postponed to a later date if there is an obstacle.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[26] Saum, or fasting, takes place as a rule during the holy month of Ramadan, but Muslims may fast for different reasons and at different times.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

During Lent, Muslims should avoid eating, drinking, smoking, and sexual intercourse between dawn and sunset.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Lent also involves internal purification from evil thoughts.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[27] In principle, zakat, or alms tax, is paid once a year according to detailed rules — different amounts of alma tax are paid on different types of property.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

A Muslim must start paying alms tax once he gets married.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Alms can also be given for the common good of Islam, such as building a mosque.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Hadž, or pilgrimage, should be performed to Mecca at least once during his life during the second week of the 12th month of the Islamic period.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

A voluntary visit to the Prophet Muhammad's tomb in Medina may be added to the pilgrimage.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

During the pilgrimage, the prescribed customs are observed, whichthere is a uniform dress.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

The event highlights Muslim cohesion and parity before God.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[28] Law The law of Islam, or Sharia, is believed to be ordained by God and as such invariable, but since religious law is interpreted by people, there follows a certain degree of looseness in terms of interpretation (fiqh).


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Within classical Islam, a certain amount of doctrinal disagreement has been considered a necessary part of the orthodox tradition, and the four classical legal schools (fiqh) of Sunni Islam are all part of Islamic Orthodoxy.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Sharian sources serve as Qur'an, hadith, consensus of scholars (ijma) and analogy (qiyas).


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Analogy refers to the use of examples of Sunna to solve concrete legal issues in situations.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Consensus, on the other hand, implies the idea that when Muslims are in agreement on a matter, this proves the notion correct.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Views as to how consensus should be understood in practice, however, vary; for example, within the Hanbalistic school (represented by Salafists), it has often been held that the consensus refers only to first-generation Muslims or the “era of right-led caliphs”.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

The consensus can also be understood as referring to the common consensus of law scholars representing schools understood to be Orthodox.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[29] In general, it follows from the consensus doctrine that on issues where consensus has been considered to have prevailed, it is very difficult to change the interpretation of Sharia.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

In addition to civil and criminal law, the Sharia sphere includes issues of ritual purity and general morality.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Many of the statutes are private matters, unrelated to, and not inconsistent with, secular law.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

The greatest tensions between Islamic law and secular law arise in inheritance and family law.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[30] Child marriages applicable in several Islamic countries are based on Islamic law.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[31] Jihad Jihad literally means' struggle 'or' shifting ', and the term is used for the armed struggle of a Muslim as well as for internal vigilance.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[32] There are different interpretations of the main meaning of the concept.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[33] In the early verses of the Qur'an, the concept of jihad is referred to in the sense of personal piety and the persistence with which Islam was preached.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[34] After Muhammad fled to Medina and became a military commander fighting Christians and Jews, the use of the term jihad in the Qur'an increased and it gained primarily military significance.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[35] [36] Of the biography of Muhammad, about three-quarters are devoted to jihad.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Of those hadiths considered the most reliable of the Hadiths, Sahih al-Bukhari, who refer to jihad, almost all deal with armed jihad.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[37] As a spiritual struggle, jihad is the duty of every Muslim so that evil should not gain the upper hand.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[32] In this battle are the Muslim duties of creed, prayer, fasting, alms and pilgrimage as weapons.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Also part of this struggle is the peaceful dissemination of Islam as missionary work.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[38] Armed jihad is permitted for certain well-defined reasons, such as self-defense, protection of Muslims, and strengthening Islam.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[39] Legitimate jihad also has precise rules, such as fair treatment of enemies and the fact that jihad should only be declared by a religious leader.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[40] Jihadists are Islamists waging armed jihad as a war of aggression.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

The final phase of the jihadist campaign is the establishment of an Islamic state.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Jihadists say jihad is their religious duty and also in accordance with religious scriptures.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[41] Today, jihadist organisations operating include Isis in Iraq and Syria, Al-Qaeda in Arabia and North Africa, Boko Haram in Nigeria and the Taliban in Afghanistan and Pakistan.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[42] Trends Islam falls into two main groups: Sunnism and Shiite.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

The vast majority, between 85 and 90 percent, of Muslims are Sunni.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[43] In addition to the Qur'an, Sunnism is based on hadith lineage specimens.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Together they form the way of life of the Prophet Mohammed, or Sunna, on whose rightful tracing Sunni is based.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

According to the traditional view, the split between Sunnis and Shiites is to roll back the controversy surrounding the successor to the Prophet Mohammed.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[44] In the traditional view, the Sunnis elected by mutual agreement Abu Bakr as their first caliph in 632.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Upon his death, Umar was elected caliph in 634 and Uthman as the third caliph after him.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

He was assassinated in 656, at which point Ali, Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law, was chosen as Uhtman's successor.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

The Umaijads' governor of Syria, Mu'awiya, refused to recognize Ali's caliph, which led to the Camel Battle in 656, as well as the Battle of Siffin the following year.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

A supporter of the Kharidzites of the third early tendency of Islam assassinated Ali in 661.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

According to the Shiite view, Ali was the successor appointed by Muhammad, who was deposed in the election of the first three caliphs.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

More moderate Shiites view Ali himself to the benefit of the receded community.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

According to a more drastic stance, the first three caliphs were usurpers.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[45] In Sunni, authority belongs to immutable scriptures.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

In Shiiah, accordingly, the authority is the living, Ali's successor, the Imam.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

In Shiite theology, an imam is assigned to each period, although this is sometimes nestled.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

The highest authority of both groups is the Quran, but the Shiites forbid the hadith collections of Sunnis.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Instead, they have formed their own commentaries.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Shiite's strongest position is in Iran, where it has been a state religion since the 16th century.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Other strong regions include Lebanon, India, Yemen, Bahrain and Iraq.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[43] In addition to these two main trends, within Islam is influenced by Sufilism, which emphasizes the mysticism of religion.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

It emerged as a protest movement against steep rules and instead emphasized the spiritual connection with God that comes from love.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Sufilism exists within both Sunnism and Shiite and has organised into its own fraternities, tariqa groups.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[43] History With the death of Muhammad, the old edifice nazied in its joints.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Mohammed acted as a secular and spiritual leader while living, but when he died the Bedouin tribes revolted.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

They were committed to Mohammed — not his successor.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[11] His close successor Abu Bakr was voted to succeed Muhammad, who returned the rebellious tribes back to the Ridda wars.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Subsequently, the Muslims set out to conquer territories outside the Arabian Peninsula.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

In early Islamicism, Mohammed did not force non-Muslims to convert to Islam immediately.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

The conquered were allowed to keep their faith and customs as long as they recognized the supremacy of Islam and paid taxes to the central government of Medina.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[46] At a rapid pace, the Caliphs conquered most of the Middle East, North Africa and Spain.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

In the 100 years since Muhammad's death, the Islamic State established by Arabs stretched all the way from the Atlantic to Central Asia.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

This was, in the past, an expansion of Islamic territory, not a conversion to a new religion.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

However, the unified state structure soon broke down and a period of rival dynasties and civil wars, which Islamic historians call fitna, began.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Muhammad's time was followed by the so-called right-derived caliphs of Mecca and Medina (circa 632—661).


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

The Umaijads Caliphate (circa 661—750) was the first dynasty of caliphs who were not directly related to the Prophet Muhammad himself.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

The Abbasid Caliphate (circa 750—1258) was a dynasty name for the caliphs of Baghdad who plunged the Omaijids from power in 750.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

The dynasty ruled for 200 years, but gradually began to fade as the power of the Turkic Mameluch army grew.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

The time of the caliphates was followed by the Turkic Ottoman Empire (circa 1300—1918).


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

The spread of Islam from Morocco through Spain to Western Europe was prevented by Karl Martell, who in 732 at the Battle of Poitiers in France defeated the Arab conquers.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Further east in Vienna, there was a further 1529 battle against the Turks, after which Islam lost its foothold in Europe for good.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[47] From the 18th century onwards, Islamic territories fell under European imperialism.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

After World War I, a widely recognized caliphate no longer existed.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

In the 20th century, the rapid growth of religion, Western interest in Islamic territories, international conflicts and globalization have contributed to keeping Islam as a major factor shaping the modern world.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Islam and politics Although Islamic law or sharia is considered to be enacted by God, there is an interpretation of the law according to Islam in the hands of men.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[48] In its traditional form, Šar is not fully used in any country in the world.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Iran, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Brunei and Somalia apply it quite widely in their legislation.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

The Sharian penal code has also been in place in Sudan and northern Nigeria, at least from time to time.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[49] Population According to the CIA World Factbook 2004, Islam is the second largest religion in the world.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

There are estimated to be more than 1.3 billion Muslims worldwide.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

About 18% of Muslims live in Arab countries, 20% in sub-Saharan Africa and about 30% in Pakistan, India and Bangladesh.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

However, Indonesia has the highest number of Muslims within a single country, at more than 200 million, representing more than 15% of the world's Muslims.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

There are also significant Muslim communities in Europe, Russia, Central Asia and China.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Most Muslim people relative to the country's total population [50]: 100% (90— 95% Sunni, 5— 10% Shiite [51]: 100% (majority Sunni) [52]: 100% (majority Sunnis) [53]: 99.8% (majority Sunni) [54] [55]: 99.8% (majority Sunni) [56] [57] (Sunni, 20% Shiite and): ~ 99% [58]: 99.1% ( 99.9%) (65-70% Sunni, 30— 35% Shiite) [59]: 98.7% (majority Sunnis) [60]: 98.3% (majority Sunnis) [61]: 98% (majority Shiite) [62]: 98% (majority Sunnis) [63]: [64]: 98% (majority Sunni) [65]: 97% (majority Sunni)) [66]: 96.6% (99%) (Sunni) [67] [68] (85-90%) Sunni, 10-15% Shiites): 96.4% [69]: 95% (60— 65% Shiite, 33— 40% Sunni) [70]: 94% (majority Sunnis) [71]: 93% (majority Sunni) [72]: 89.4% (Sunni) [73]: 89.3% (Sunni) Islam in Finland Muslims have lived permanently since the 19th century.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

The first Muslims were Tatars, who migrated mainly between 1870 and 1920.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

The next time Muslims other than Tatars arrived in Finland was not until the 1960s.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[74] As recently as the early 1990s, there were a few thousand Muslims living in Finland, but in 2008 there were estimated to be more than 40,000 persons.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

[75] See also Arab world Islamic ethics Islamic philosophy Islamic art Criticism of Islam Islamism Ulama Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Allahwerdi, Helena & Hallenberg, Helena (ed.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

) | title = at the gates of Islam| location = Helsinki| publisher = January| year = 2002| version = 2nd edition (1st edition 1992) | id = ISBN 951-31-2427-4}} Citation error, replace {{cite book| author = Haeri, Fadhlalla| title = Islam| location = Helsinki| publisher = January| 6| version = (The Elements of Islam, 1993.)


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Translated by Salme Saukko| id = ISBN 951-31-0671-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hämeen-Anttila, Jaakko| title = Islam: pocket dictionary| location = Helsinki| publisher = Basam Books| year = 2001| id = ISBN 952-9842-60-0}} error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hämeen-Anttila, Jaakko| title = Islam Handbook| location = Helsing| publisher = Otava| year = 2004| id = ISBN 951-1-18669-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hämeen-Anttila, Jaakko| title = Islam diversity| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeam| us| year = 1999| version = 6th edition| id = ISBN 951-662-749-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hämeen-Anttila, Jaakko| title = Introduction to the Koran| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 2006| version = 2nd corrected edition| id = ISBN 951-662-924-5}} Replacement error, replace with {{ cite book| author = Hämeen-Anttila, Jaakko| title = Qur'anic explanation| location = Helsinki| publisher = Basam Books| year = 1997| id = ISBN 952-9842-15-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Juntunen, Marko & Martikainen, Thomas & Sakaranahan Tuulo, Tuula (ed.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

) | title = Islam in Finland.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Muslims in everyday life, media and society| location = Helsinki| publisher = Society of Finnish Literature | year = 2008| id = ISBN 978-952-222-027-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ketola, Kimmo| title = Religions in Finland 2008.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Manual for Religious and Religious Movements | location = Tampere| publisher = Church Research Center| year = 2008| id = ISBN 978-951-693-287-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kosonen, Seppo S.| title = Jihad, Islamic Sacred War — Spiritual Seriation sedition to violence? | publisher = Image and word| year = 2008| id = ISBN 978-951-585-194-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Partridge, Christopher (ed.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

) | title = Handbook of New Religions.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

New religious movements, sects and forms of alternative spirituality| location = Helsinki| publisher = Bookshop | year = 2006| version= (Encyclopedia of New Religions.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

New Religious Movements, Sects and Alternative Spiritualities, 2004.)


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Translated by Kanerva Heikkinen ym| id = ISBN 951-607-327-1}} References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Bhutto, Benazir| title = Reconciliation.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Islam, the West and Democracy| publisher = January| year = 2008| id = ISBN 978-951-31-4314-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Cesari, Jocelyne (ed.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

) | title= The Oxford Handbook of European Islam| location = Oxford| publisher = Oxford University Press| year = | isbn=978-0-19-960797-6| language = Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

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Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hattstein, Markus| title = Islam: Religion and culture| location = Königswinter| publisher = Ullmann| year = 2008| version = (Minireligionsführer Islam, 2006.)


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

English translation: Otto Lappalainen| id = ISBN 978-3-8331-4733-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hjärpe, Jan| title = Islam.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Doctrine and lifestyle| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 1992| version=( Islam.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Lära och livsmönster, 1979, 1985.)


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Translated by Irmeli Lerho| id= ISBN 951-662-548-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hukari, Ari| title = Islam in photo| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2006| id = ISBN 951-0-31656-3}} Citation error, replace with {citation ite book| author = Hämeen-Anttila, Jaakko| title = Sword of Islam.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

History of conflicts in East and West | location = Helsing| publisher = Otava| year = 2012| id = ISBN 978-951-1-25915-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kankkonen, Tom| title = Islam in Europe| location = Helsinki| publisher = Edita| year = 2008| id = ISBN 8-951-37-5073-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kouros, Kristiina & Villa, Susan (ed.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

) | title = Human Rights and Islam| publisher = Like: Finnish Peace Defenders | year = 2004| id = ISBN 952-471-435-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Linjakumpu, Aini| title = Global Networks of Islam | location = Tampere| publisher = Equipoise | year = 2009| id = ISBN 978-951 -768-250-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Line Mound, Aini| title = Political islam| publisher = Hokweight| year = 1999| id = ISBN 951-578-709-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lodenius, Peter| title = Islam and modern| location = Helsinki| publisher = Like: Finnish peace defenders | year = 2005| version = (Islam och moderniteten, 2004.)


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

English translation: Petri Stenman| id = ISBN 952-471-523-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Martikainen, Tuomas & Sakaranaho, Tuula (ed.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

) | title = What do Muslims mean?


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Discussion of Islamic currents in Finland and Europe| location = Turku| publisher = Cigarette| year = 2008| id = ISBN 978-952-5500-98-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Palva, Heikki & Perho, Irmeli (ed.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

) | title = Islamic culture| location = Helsing| publisher = Otava| year = 1998| id = ISBN 951-1-13315-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Sardar, Ziauddin| title = What do muslims| location = Helsing| publisher = Otava| year = 2009| version = (What Do Muslims Believe?


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Translated by Susanna Tuomi-Giddings| id = ISBN 978-951-1-23224-7}} On the topic elsewhere Religions theme page.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

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Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead. Six-part series on the Islamic world and culture, with guide Jaakko Hämeen-Anttila.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Yle 2003.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Jani Kaaro:.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

Helsingin Sanomat.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

- The website of the Islamic Colony of Finland.


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

— A Finnish website that propagates Islamic fundamentalism (Wahhabism).


Question: Who are the Sufis?

Islam

* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Which film series is Woodbridge Strong “Woody” Van Dyke, Jr. best known for?

W. S. Van Dyke

Woodbridge Strong “Woody” Van Dyke, Jr.


Question: Which film series is Woodbridge Strong “Woody” Van Dyke, Jr. best known for?

W. S. Van Dyke

John Henry (March 21, 1889, San Diego, California — February 5, 1943, Los Angeles, California) was an American film director, but also worked as an actor, screenwriter, and producer.