Question: What does catharsis mean?

Catarsis

The term catharsis is also used for religious purification, as well as the triggering of tension or anxiety.


Question: What does catharsis mean?

Catarsis

Catharsis is also associated with the media and the study of media violence.


Question: What does catharsis mean?

Catarsis

The Katharsis model describes the effects of media violence.


Question: What does catharsis mean?

Catarsis

Catharsis is also associated with Freudian theory and psychoanalytic practice.


Question: What does catharsis mean?

Catarsis

On topic elsewhere Category:Psychotherapy Category:Theatre Category:Key articles in screening


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Eleonoora (or Eleonora) Aquitanian or Aliénor Aquitanian (ca.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

1122 — 1 April 1204 at Fontevraud Abbey) was twice queen (of France and England), but always a duchess (of Aquitaine).


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

She is one of the most famous and influential women of the Middle Ages.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Early stages of life Eleonoora was the eldest of three children of William X, Duke of Aquitaine, and his consort Æenor de Chêtellerault, daughter of Aimeric, Viscount of Chatêllerault.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

The parents' marriage had been arranged by Duke William IV of Aquitaine, who became famous as a troubadour, and his long-time mistress.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Eleonoora was named after her mother Ænor, as the Occitan name Aliénor means another Æenor.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Later, the name has been used as Eléanor, which is a northern d'oc language form of the same name.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Eleonoora grew up in Europe's most civilised court, the birthplace of knight songs.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

She was eminently highly educated as a woman and could write and speak Latin.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

He was skilled in music as well as literature, could ride, hunt with hawks and guns.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

He became heir to the entire Duchy of Aquitaine when his brother William died as a lap baby.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

The duchy was the most extensive and affluent region of France at the time.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

This all made Eleonoora the wealthiest and most powerful woman of the Middle Ages.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Sure, his own will and skill also mattered a lot.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Upon her father's death on a pilgrimage in Spain in 1137, Eleonoora inherited, at the age of fifteen, the County of Poitiers and the duchies of Aquitaine and Gasgogne.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

The area was considerably larger than the king's own fiefdoms.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Eleonoora notably stayed on her lands in Aquitan and its cities Bordeaux and Poitiers, where she held her splendid and raffined court.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

The Duchess invited numerous artists to her court, and notably troubadours such as Bernard de Ventadous, Benoît de Sainte-maise, who dedicated to Eleonoora her work Roman de Troie, Wace, who wrote a poetry in honour of the Duchess of Brut.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Rigaud de Barbezieux wrote Occitanian language poems in 1140—1163.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

From around the year 1150, Aliénor, together with his daughter Marie de Champaigne, who was patron of the novelist Chrétien de Troyes, maintained a splendid writers' court until the 1170s.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Eleonoora modernized the city of Poitiers in particular by drawing up a new book of freedom for it, building market halls and a new ring wall, and significantly expanding its palace in the city and so on.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

By marriage to Louis VII of France, Eleonoora, on behalf of the property she inherited, as well as the associated feudal obligations, was certainly the most sought marriage trade in Europe.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

After inheriting her father's rule, Eleonoora entered into marriage to Louis, the heir to the throne of France, later Louis VII, in Bordeaux on 22 July 1137.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Although Eleonoora brought vast tracts of land with her to the marriage, it was not until her and Louis's prospective son that at one time could have named himself King of France and Duke of Aquitaine and the fiefdoms would have been united, as in accordance with the feudal law the lands belonged to Eleonoora throughout this for life.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Just a few days after the marriage was made, Eleonoora's father-in-law, King Louis VI of France died.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Thus she also became Queen of France when she was young; though the new king was not like a 17-year-old youngster either.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

The young queen instigated her husband, who was not necessarily quick or effective in decision-making, to go, like other overlords, on a crusade.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

When the king carried out his plan, Eleonoora, in a very rare manner for women, went on a war expedition.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Eleonoora from the marriage of Aquitanian and Louis VII, children were born: Marie de France (1145—11.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

March 1198), consort in 1164 to Henri I. de Champagne, Count of Troyes, Liberal Regent of the County of Champagne from 1190—1197.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Alix de France, (1150—1195), married to Thibaud V Good de Champagne, Count of Blois (1129—1191), Count of Bloison from 1152—1191.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Crusade Although Eleonoora's husband Louis VII was pious, she nevertheless found herself in a furious conflict with Pope Innocentius II.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

The archbishopric seat of Bourges had become vacant and the king supported Chancellor Cadur as his own candidate for the position.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

The papal candidate and archbishop-designate Pierre de la Charte was up against.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

The king announced that the new archbishop has no coming to his city.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

This immediately led to the proclamation of Louis and his kingdom.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

At Eleonoora's urging, Louis arranged for the marriage of Eleonoora's sister Petronilla and Count of Vermandois, Raoul I, although the count was forced to divorce his previous spouse, who in turn was the sister of Theobald II, Count of Champagne.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

This led to a state of war between king and vassal, when the vassal additionally had positioned himself to support the Pope in the appointment of Archbishop of Burges.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

The war was fought in 1142—1144 and ended with the king occupying Champagne.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

In the heat of battle, the king had destroyed the entire village of Vitry, whose church was burned down, all 1,300 people who had taken shelter there burned to death.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Plagued by guilt, Louis promised on Christmas Day in 1145 to go on a crusade.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

At Easter in 1146, Eleonoora and Louis both took a Crusader cloak on an occasion preaching Bernhard of Clairvauxlaine.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

The occasion was historically unique, as spouses and women usually stayed at home when men went to wars and especially on the crusade, a foreign continent.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Eleonoora was not only an accompanying consort, but a soldier at the head of her own feudal army, departed from her own fiefdoms and armed.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

There were many rumors circulating about the previously inexperienced event.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Eleonoora and her courtiers were alleged to have dressed up as Amazons for the fighting, but the inquiry considers the matter merely a legend.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

However, the Second Crusade began in Vézelay and Eleonoora and her army were involved in it.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

The position of women during the Crusade received considerable improvement when informed of the discovery of the tomb of Mary of Magdalah.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

The Second Crusade in itself was a major disappointment and defeat.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Louis was a weak military leader and incapable of maintaining the discipline and morale of his troops or making tactically meaningful decisions in the war effort.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Eleonoora's strange status as a duchess participating in the crusade made time for various rumours.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

The woman was not necessarily considered capable of military action or command of troops and therefore rumors told of Eleonoora's sex relations when to any lower vassal, when to her uncle Raymond de Poitiers, Prince of Antioch.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

The spouses of the trip home made separately.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

In her war expedition to the eastern Mediterranean, however, Eleonoora had learned a lot of things still undeveloped in Europe.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

In particular, he learned much from maritime regulations that were well developed in the eastern Mediterranean.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

From this Eleonoora established the basis for all what has later been called maritime law.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Eleonoora you see brought those statutes into force in their own counties, first on the island of Olero, for example, and later throughout England.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

In addition, he developed trade agreements for trade with Constantinople and the Holy Land.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Eleonoora thus made effective use of her journey, part of the Second Crusade gone wrong, for the benefit of the future of Europe as a whole.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Separation from Louis VII Even before leaving for the crusade, Eleonoora's relationship with Louis had deteriorated.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

In the union, two very different people met each other, the pious, almost monk-like Louis and the exuberant, intelligent, much-relled Eleonoora, for whom life was for living.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

After returning from the Crusade, Louis VII wanted a divorce from his spouse, but as a result of mediation by the Pope and, in particular, the advisor Abbot Suger, the divorce was dropped in 1151 and Eleonoora gave birth to the couple's second daughter as a sign of reconciliation.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

After Louis's important advisor Abbot Suger had died, divorce became relevant again.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

The annulment of the marriage of the spouses took place in 1152.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

The Council of Beaugency, who had examined the king's request for divorce, found grounds for annulment of the marriage, as the wife of Louis's ancestor Hugo Capet was of the same lineage as Eleonora and thus the spouses were fifth cousins.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

This was enough to invalidate the marriage.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Historians are fairly unanimous that the divorce was Louis VII's greatest political mistake, as Eleonoora took the territories belonging to herself and so the territories under the king's rule were drastically reduced.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Marriage to Henry II of England Six weeks after the annulment of her previous marriage on 18 May 1152, Eleonoora married Henry Plantagenê, Count of Anjou and Duke of Normandy.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Eleonoora was about eleven years older than her husband and effectively in the same kinship relationship that she had been with Louis VII.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

According to rumours that have filled the whole of Europe, Henrik's own father would have been Eleonoora's lover, who would have advised her son to marry this sought marriage object and, of course, his estate as well.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

According to later historical studies, Eleonoora was attracted to Henry's courtship, had many conquests in the female world and was born with their son William only a month apart from his half-brother Geoffrey.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Henrik also had other extramarital children from the time of their marriage.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Sometime between 1169 and 1170, Eleonoora instituted a divorce, with the intention of establishing her own independent court on her inheritance lands at Poitiers, the capital of the County of Poitou.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

His aim was to establish a true court of love, where troubadour poetry would have had its central place.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Henry, however, concentrated on controlling his own and his wife's extensive fiefdoms.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Eleonoora spent much of her time at her court in Poitiers.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Eleonoora Children by marriage of Aquitaine and Henry II: William, Count of Poitiers (1153—1156) Henry the Young, King (1155—1183) Richard I the Lionmiel, King (1157—1199) Geoffrey, Duke of Brittany (1158—1186) Matilda, Duchess of Saxony (1156—1189) Eleonoora Englishman (1161—1214) Johanna Plantagenet (1165—1199) John the Landless, children born out of wedlock to King (1166—1216) Henry: Geoffrey, Archbishop of York (1152—1226) William, 3rd Earl of Salisburym (ca.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

1176—1226) Rebellion of 1173—1175 In 1172 the younger Henry, son of Eleonoora, tired of the paucity of his power and encouraged by his father's enemies, began the rebellions of 1173—1174, also joined by his brothers Richard and Geoffrey.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

The rebellion received support from many of the barons of England, as well as from Louis VII, King of France, and William I, King of Scotland.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

When Eleonoora sought to join the rebels, so Henry II hijacked her.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Henry discouraged rebellion and imprisoned Eleonoora for 15 years.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

A prisoner he kept in castles across England.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

In 1183 Henry the Younger started rebelling again.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Indebted and barred from controlling Normandy, he attempted to organise an ambush in the town of Limoges for his father.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Henry the Young was aided by troops sent by his brother Geoffrey as well as Philip II Augustus, King of France.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Henry II's forces laid siege to the city and forced Henry the Young to flee there.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

After this, Henry the Young wandered around the Duchy of Aquitaine until he fell ill and died.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

This, of course, ended the rebellions.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Late in life When Henry II died, Eleonoora helped her son Richard I to ascend the throne, and she let her mother out of captivity.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Eleonoora ruled England as regent and regent while her son was involved in the Third Crusade and in captivity.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Personally, he negotiated his son's ransom and travelled to Germany for this star.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

He lived longer than Richard I and saw his even youngest son, John the Earthless, ascend to the throne.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

The final stages of her life Eleonoora spent on her own land in the monastery of Fontevraud.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

There Eleonoora also died in 1204.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

She was buried in a monastery near her husband Henry II and her son Richard I, who both died before her.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

On the grave monument, he is depicted reading his Bible.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Sources Eleonoora There is a wealth of scientific and other works written about Aquitaine.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Films and documentaries have been made about his life.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Carmi Parsons, John & Wheeler, Bonnie; Eleanor of Aquitaine: Lord and Lady.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

2002 Kelly, Amy; Eleanor of Aquitaine and the Four Kings.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

in 1950.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Kirchhoff, Elisabeth; Rois et Reines de France and Mémoires de Commines.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

in 1996.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Leblanc-Ginet, Henri; Histoire des Rois de France.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Éditions Moréna et Actualités de l'Histoire, 1997.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Les Rois de France.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Judocus.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Paris in 1989.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Meade, Marion; Eleanor of Aquitaine: A Biography.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

in 1977.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Régine Pernoud, Aliénor d'Aquitaine.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Paris, 1965.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Schocer Brools, Polly; Queen Eleanor: Independent Spirit of the Medieval World.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

in 1983.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Seward, Desmond; Eleanor of Aquitaine: The Mother Queen.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

in 1978.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Weir, Alison; Eleanor of Aquitaine: A Life.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

in 1999.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Wenzler, Claude; Généalogie des Rois de France.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Èditions Ouest-France.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

in 1994.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Barth, Reinhard| title = History greatwomen| location = Helsing| publisher = Thought | year = 2005| version = (Frauen, die Geschichte machten: Von Hatschepsut bis Indira Gandhi, 2004.)


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Translated by Tuulikki Virta and Katja Zöllner.


Question: What is Aquitaine?

Eleonoora Aquitanian

Startwords Arch Utrio| id = ISBN 951-20-6762-5}} Class:Rulers Class:Regents Class:Medieval Persons Class:People born in the 1120s Class:Dead in 1204


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Julius Caesar ([ˈˈaː.i.s ˈjuː.li.s ˈkae.sar]; 12 or 13 July 100 BCE.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

or 102 BC.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[1] — March 15, 44 BC.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

) [2] was a Roman statesman, soldier and writer.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

He conquered Gaul for the Roman Empire and was the first Roman to attempt to conquer Britain.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar initiated and won a civil war, after which he became the undisputed leader of the kingdom.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar was declared a lifelong dictator.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar was assassinated by disgruntled aristocrats in the name of the Republic in a session of the Roman Senate in 44 BC.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Octavian, adopted by Caesar, became the first Roman emperor Augustus.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

The title emperor is derived from that of Caesar.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Youth and childhood Julius Caesar was born into a well-known but not very rich patrician family descended from both Aineia and Venus, according to his own revelation.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar's father was also named Gaius Julius Caesar and his mother was Aurelia Cotta.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Both of Caesar's older sisters were named Julia, which was a feminine form of the father's cognomen.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

There is no full certainty as to when the name Caesar was attached to the lineage of Julius.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

According to one claim, it was inherited from an ancestor who had killed a Carthaginian war elephant during the First Punic War.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[3] Members of the family had not prospered mentionably for some time, but the marriage of Caesar's aunt Julia to the famous warlord and consul Gaius Marius in 110 BCE.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

brought a change that Caesar's father and three uncles knew how to exploit.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

During the period 95—89 BC.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

these four men held high positions as praetors, consuls, kensors and at least one of them also held the office of curulic edile.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[4] [5] Little is known about Caesar's childhood.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

His closest childhood mates are reported to have included Marcus Tullius Cicero and his brother Quintus, and Gaius Varro, their cousin.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[5] His mother Aurelia served as his teachers and he was hired as governess by Mark Antony Gnipho, a freed slave who had studied Greek and sciences during the Hellenistic period in Alexandria.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

From Gnipho Caesar learned Latin, literature, the rudiments of oratory skills and also the Greek language, which he used to recite his most famous deployed flying phrases.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[6] In addition, he received from his teacher descriptions of the pyramids and temples of Egypt, and of Alexander the Great's conquests.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[7] He showed great interest in history, which was also evident in his later writings and speeches.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar himself was happy to read and write poems in which, among other things, he praised Herod and the playwright Terentius.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

His other literary works from his youth years included the play Oedipus and a compilation book of sayings.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[5] [8] At about 15 years of age, Caesar married Cornelia, daughter of Lucius Cornelius Cinna.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

The marriage was arranged but successful, for it lasted right up until Cornelia's death on a child bed between the years 69—68 BCE.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

period.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[9] On marriage, Caesar inherited the right to the post of Flamen Dialis, the high priest of Juppiter, to which he would be ordained in due course.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

The post was prestigious and guaranteed a livelihood, but it is possible that it, with its many restrictions and prohibitions, did not actually attract the ambitious Caesar, as the Flamen Dialis could not pursue high political or military offices.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[10] When Sulla seized power after the death of Marius in 86 BCE, the House of Julius' who had risen to influence quickly ran into trouble, many of them having ties to Sulla's opponents and their supporters.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[11] Sulla sought to weaken his potential opponents by lowering the power of authoritative Roman lineages.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

One of his means was to dissolve marriages between the two and Sulla also demanded that Caesar divorce his wife.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

However, Caesar refused, whereupon Sulla expropriated his and his wife's property to the state.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar fled underground, spending almost every night in a different house.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar's high-ranking friends and backers succeeded in appealing to Sulla, who gave in and pardoned him, albeit denying him the right to the post of Flamen Dialis as punishment.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar was able to return to public life, but as he was destitute and unemployed, he accepted the place of military attaché in the province of Asia.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[12] [13] In the East he participated in several maneuvers.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

For example, he fought pirates in Cilicia.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar was awarded, among other things, a corona civica wreath for saving the life of a Roman soldier.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

After Sulla's death, Caesar returned to Rome in 78 BC.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Around that time his only child, daughter Julia, was born.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[14] He began his career as a lawyer and became known for accusing former land lords of corruption, which was more the rule than the exception in the administration of the provinces.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

In 75 BC.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar travelled to Ródos to study under the renowned orator Apollonios Molon.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[15] On this voyage Caesar was captured by Pharmaconítian pirates.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

A ransom of 20 talents [16] was demanded of him, but the story goes that Caesar told the pirates to demand 50 talents.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[17] Depending on the version of the story, Caesar either took part in the daily chores and bodily exercises of the pirates, [18] or was very disdainful of them throughout his captivity.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[19] He also promised the pirates that he would crucify them upon release, but they did not take him seriously.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

After the ransom reached about a month of captivity, Caesar was released.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

He quickly sailed to Milatos, where he assembled a small fleet, with the power of which he returned to Farmakonis.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

He captured the pirates and took back ransom money from them.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

The governor of the cause ordered the pirates to be sold as slaves in Pergamon, but Caesar travelled to the spot and ordered them to be crucified in accordance with his promise.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Showing mild mercy, he ordered the throats of these to be cut open before crucifixion, signifying a slightly quicker death.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[20] Political career Caesar returned to Rome in 73 BC.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

He had taken a further part in the first battles against Mithridates VI, king of Pontos.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Rome was plagued by a slave revolt led by Spartacus.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar was elected military tribune, which was, as usual, a first step in his tenure.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

In 71 BC.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

While serving as a praetor as a property speculator, Marcus Crassus, who created the property, promised the Senate that he would raise six legions should he be given the leadership in defeating the rebellion.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Crassus had his way, putting down the rebellion and executing Spartacus, but his rival became Pompey, whose army had defeated the remainder of the rebel army that had fled to Spain.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

According to Pompey, the credit for putting down the rebellion belonged more to him.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

This initially led to poor terms between Crassus and Pompey, who were seeking consular posts.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Crassus, however, gave in to Pompey, supported by the Senate, but asked him to support his own attempt to become consul as well.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Pompey gladly agreed, for he wanted to keep Crassus indebted to himself.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar supported Crassus, who was also elected consul.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[21] When the terms of office of Pompey and Crassus ended in 69 BC.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar, in turn, began to seek a political career.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[21] Caesar was appointed quaestor of the province of Hispania ulterior, which runs along the southern coast of the Iberian Peninsula.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

The post itself was not very significant, but it automatically guaranteed him a seat in the Senate and allowed him to establish contacts with officials in Rome's largest province.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[22] [23] Later that year Caesar became a widow when his wife died in childbirth.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar's young daughter, Julia, was left in his care.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

In the same year, Caesar's aunt Julia also passed away.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

He angered some of the aristocrats by giving praising funeral speeches to his late relatives, despite their kinship ties to Cinna and Marius.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

In addition, an image of Marius was carried behind a stretcher at the funeral of an aunt.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[24] Caesar remarried between the years 68—67 BC.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

around the time.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

His wife Pompeia Sulla was a granddaughter of the late dictator Sulla and granddaughter of Sulla's consular colleague Quintus Pompeius Rufus.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Pompeia was very wealthy, which helped Caesar forget the fact that the new wife's grandfather had tarnished his uncle's reputation and caused his cousin's death.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

The marriage also furthered his political aspirations, as it helped him maintain relationships with Optimates, a conservative faction representing the oligarchy in the Senate.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[25] [26] Year 67 BC.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

around the time Caesar accepted an appointment as administrator of the Via Appia road.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

The post involved maintaining the highway and also organizing and improving services and city services along the highway.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

This allowed the office holder to enjoy the financing provided by roadside traders.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

In addition, a subsidy was provided from public funds for the maintenance of the road, but normally the sum was too small if the office holder wanted to increase popular popularity like Caesar.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

His fortune was fairly modest, but in need of popular acclaim, he spent the money lavishly.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[26] In 65 BC.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar was chosen as a curulic edile whose duties included organizing public celebrations.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar was lavishly splurged when organising a nita, but especially the celebrations held to honour the memory of his father, who died 20 years earlier, took a heavy toll on his wealth.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

At the performances of the celebration, among other things, fought to the death 320 pairs of gladiators whose armor was forged from silver.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Among the common folk, Caesar's reputation grew, but he became almost ruined in debt.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

His savior became Crassus, who had risen to become the richest man in Rome, but he was forced to live relatively modestly.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

He and his wife and mother still lived in Subura, a noisy and modest neighbourhood where groceries were peddled and where prostitutes sold themselves on the street.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[27] Pontifex maximus Caesar decided to apply for the post of pontifex maximus upon the death of its previous holder, Caecilius Metellus, in 63 BCE.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

This lifelong high priest tenure, usually intended as the last position in the careers of senior statesmen, involved political risks.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Even applying for it may have meant losing the popularity he had gained, as Lutatius Catulus, an influential advance favourite, also competed for the post, as well as Servilius Vatia, who had previously been Caesar's superior in Asia Minor.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

In addition, Caesar was considered too young and secularized to be the leader of the clergy.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[28] However, the struggle for office turned to mean political defeat only for his rivals, of whom Catulus, who became despondent, even tried to bribe Caesar.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

On polling day, leaving his home, he said to his mother “Mom, today you see me either as a high priest, or an outcast, a refugee!”


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

However, he was elected High Priest by popular popularity and money from Cassus.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

On matters of faith themselves, Caesar was very indifferent and pragmatic, seeing the post mainly as a tool by which he could achieve his own political ends.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

He kept up with his duties, however, and was at his workplace often on the first morning, although festive guest dinners sometimes stretched into the night.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[29] The post brought with it an elegant clerical dwelling located along the Via Sacra near the temple of Vesta and the house of the virgins of Vesta, whose supervising was part of Caesar's duties.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[30] In the same year Rome had been shaken by the Catilina conspiracy directed against consul Marcus Tullius Cicero, which escalated into civil war.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

The conspiracy led by Lucius Sergius Catilina involved several officials, but Cicero had caught wind of the intentions of the revolt even before it began.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

After Catalina left Rome, officials who had supported him were arrested and placed on trial.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Resentful of his defeat, Lutatius Catulus even accused Caesar of complicity in the conspiracy.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

On December 5, the Senate debated the conviction of the conspirators and Caesar delivered a dispassionate and carefully reasoned speech in which he proposed life sentences of absolute imprisonment instead of death sentences, which would be carried out across Italy.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Cicero, who was the subject of the conspiracy, did not like this and invited Marcus Porcius Cato, an opponent of Caesar who was part of the Optimates, to speak in favour of capital punishment.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

During the speech, Cato noticed that a letter was being brought to Caesar.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Cato presented his belief that Caesar was engaging in correspondence with the conspirators and demanded that he present a letter to the Senate.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

As Cato read the letter aloud, it was revealed that it was a love letter sent by his own half-sister Servilia to Caesar, who was Servilia's longtime lover.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Cato slammed the letter back to Caesar shouting “Keep it, drunkard!”


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

The verdicts were voted on and it became apparent to Caesar that he is falling short of defeat.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

He tried to prevent the vote from going ahead, but the equites who served as guards chased him out with exposed swords, threatening.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar stayed out of the Senate for the rest of the year, which allowed Cicero to score a momentary wilderness victory over him.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[31] Divorce and policy reversals Caesar spent the year 62 BC.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

in the post of praettor, which he entered on 1 January.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

On the same day, he convened a public meeting at which he ordered Lutatius Catulus to be examined, as according to Caesar, he had delayed in his mission to renovate the Grand Temple of Juppiter on the Capitolium.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

This was essentially retaliation for the fact that Catulus had earlier in the Senate suggested Caesar had been complicit in the Catilina conspiracy.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

He next submitted that Pompey be chosen as the vanquer of the last members of the conspiracy instead of his opponent Cicero.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar's ally, the folk tribune and Pompey's legion commander, Quintus Caecilius Metellus Nepos, declared the performance at the forum, but Cicero's ally and Pompey's opponent Cato and his supporters watered down the motion.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

An additional minor riot arose at the event.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

In reaction to the violence, the Senate ordered both Nepos and Caesar to be arrested for their posts.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Nepos returned to Pompey's camp and Caesar initially opposed the order, but reversed course after sensing an opportunity to profit from the situation and resigned on his own initiative, mentioning that he still supported his motion.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

The next morning, a likely paid mob appeared in front of his household demanding his reinstatement as praettor.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar appeared on his porch and appealed to those in place to stop expressing their minds and disperse.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Impressed by this, the Senate held an emergency meeting at which Caesar was praised for dignified conduct and it was decided to be recalled to office.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[32] In the spring of the same year, a scandal arose when it was revealed that Publius Clodius Pulcher, dressed as a woman, had secretly accessed women-only Bona Dea worship expenditures celebrated at Caesar's home under this wife Pompeia.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Clodius, who belonged to the upper class Claudian family, was a quaestor and a member of the Senate, but by reputation he was regarded as an exuberant and sapper.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[32] Clodius sneaked in Caesar's dwelling until one of the servants revealed him.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Probably the intention of the curious Clodius was to see the worships with his own eyes, but rumours claimed Pompeia was his mistress and secretly let him inside.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[33] Although Caesar himself said that he believed that Pompeia was innocent of what had happened, he did divorce his wife.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

At the trial of Clodius, Caesar was asked about the reason for the resignation, and he replied: “Because I insist that my wife should be free from mere doubts as well.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[34] Caesar, inclined to double standards, apparently had several run-ins over the years, including with Pompey's wife, Mucia.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[35] Clodius would have received the death sentence if he had been found guilty.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

The verdict looked certain, as Cicero was able to testify against the alibi used by Clodius.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

However, Crassus bribed the jury and Clodius was acquitted by a vote of 31-25, after which he was sent to Sicily to hold the office of quaestor.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[36] [33] Back in Hispania, Caesar's vague machinations had put him in a strange light in the eyes of the optimates and he wanted to leave Rome as soon as possible.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

After a year spent as praetor, he was granted the post of proconsul of the province of Hispania Ulterior, but the proceedings of Clodius's case delayed the investiture until March.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

In this case, a new problem arose, as those who lent Caesar money became suspicious and sought to prevent his departure by all means.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

His debt was huge, more than 25 million sestertius.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar's savior again became Crassus, who guaranteed or settled the heaviest debts by paying creditors 830 talents, or more than 20 tons of silver.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[37] In Hispania, Caesar fought successfully against the local tribes and was called out to be imperator by the soldiers after one great battle.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

In his war expedition he gained possession of a large loot of plunder, for which he paid his own debts, but also shares to his soldiers, as well as sent much of it, as expected, to Rome.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

For these merits, Caesar was awarded a triumph, the winner's parade through Rome.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

The province was hit by an economic crisis, so in his civil policy Caesar garnered popularity by dismantling from the 70s BCE.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

a penalty tax in force and the adoption of a decree prohibiting creditors from collecting more than two-thirds of the debtor's annual earnings.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Of his own gigantic debts, Caesar seemed to have managed to manage the vast majority of Hispania during his years.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

There is no certainty as to the means by which he collected the necessary amount.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

It is suspected that he extorted rail taxes from the inhabitants of the province or also plundered peaceful villages during his war expedition.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

This is unlikely, as his political enemies in Rome would probably have raised an uproar over similar crimes.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

It is therefore more likely that Caesar used accepted means.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

One of these was collection tours in the province.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar may have solicited donations for himself from a wealthy land nobility and businessmen who may have been willing to pay to gain favourable contact with Rome.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[38] Caesar's Triumph proved to be a problem, however, as Caesar wanted to stand for election as consul in 59 BCE.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

The election had to be personally present in the city of Rome.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

By law, however, a warlord awaiting his victory procession could not enter the city before then.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

This was seen as taking away his sacred empire power.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar requested a waiver to stand for re-election in absentia (in absentia), but Cato blocked the consideration of his plea in the Senate by giving an extremely lengthy speech.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar renounced the triumph and decided to run for re-election as consul.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[39] Triumvirate Caesar had popular popularity behind him, but to guarantee his success he allied himself with the now-rich Crassus and Pompey, forming the first triumvirate.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

This was an informal union that was supposed to promote the interest of all participants.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

He gave the covenant as collateral his only daughter, Julian Pompey, to be his wife.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Crassus and Pompey reimbursed Caesar's expenses in connection with the consular election, and Caesar again promised to push for the policies of Crassus and Pompey's liking.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[41] Pompey also had great popular popularity and a lot of veterans to support him.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

In the confusing atmosphere of the republic's final days, political decisions were often spurred by violence, with veterans forming a loyal band of supporters who could be mobilized if necessary to brawl in the streets or to the polls.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

As Caesar's consular companion, the optimates were able to elect Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

The Senate attempted to bridle Caesar's power by imposing as a province following his consular term, that is, responsibility, the vacuous action of “forests and cattle paths”, which apparently meant some sort of forester's act.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[42] The consul Caesar set about fulfilling his promises to his companions upon being elected.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

He submitted to the Senate a law of his liking to Pompey, which, however, was rejected.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Thus, Caesar took his motion to the People's Assembly.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

However, the popular tribunes allied with the Optimates overthrew the law with their veto power.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

As a result, Pompey sent his veteran soldiers to riot at the Forum.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Opponents of the Act were forcibly thrown out of the Forum and the law passed.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Bibulus was still trying to prevent the law from taking effect by convening the Senate in his home.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

This was not successful, so Bibulus retreated to his house and refused to come out, instead announcing that he was waiting for omens.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Bibulus technically should have been able to prevent the law from coming into force, but (entirely illegally) no one cared about the consul's opinion, and thus Caesar's law came into effect.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Maalaki, however, acted inadequately.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

It was meant to populate bored veterans and ease the status of the urban poor, but the activities of the Land Distribution Commission soured.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

For Pompey, however, it was enough to get his veterans inhabited.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

This by law soas was achieved.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

When Bibulus was not performing his consular duties, it was wisecracked in Rome that it and its document were written by Julius and Caesar.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[43] Next, the model of governance created by Pompey in his war expeditions to the eastern parts of the kingdom was formally brought into force.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

At Crassus's wish, some of the proceeds they raised were returned to the publicans in a shady money-transferring operation.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar was next given a completely exceptional four-year proconsul imperium to Gaul and Illyria.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

This resulted in one of the most famous war expeditions in world history.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

It is ironic that Pompey was so central to the chain of events that resulted in him losing his head in faraway Egypt years later.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[44] Gallic War Main article The Gallic War After the end of his consular term, Caesar was able to become proconsul in Gallia Cisalpina and Illyria for five years.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

However, he initiated the Gallic War, in which Gallia and part of Germania were annexed to Rome.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

When Caesar in 59 BC.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

taking possession of the province, he learned of the intentions of the Helvetians to pass through the territories belonging to Rome.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

The Helvetians had been mobilized by the pressure created by the Germanic tribe Sveebs.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar watched his moment come.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

He initially delayed a response to the Helvetians' request for passage.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

When the frustrated Helvetians tried to enter the area by force, Caesar immediately gathered together the available forces and began fighting.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

According to Caesar's own words intended as propaganda, out of 370,000 opponents (which included women and children), only 130,000 survived the battle.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

At the same time, he passed with his armies far beyond Roman territories.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

The foreign army naturally angered many independent Gaulish tribes.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar's victory also attracted attention in Rome.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[45] Next, Caesar attacked the Sveebs, against whom the Gaulish tribes had asked Caesar for help.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

In 57 BC.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar slammed the Belgs, who had been assembling an army for the threat posed by the Romans.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

The following year, Caesar was forced to send his troops across Gaul to defeat smaller attempts at rebellion.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Among other things, Crassus's son Publius Crassus was sent to Aquitaine and Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus, then Caesar's murderer, was sent to subdue the venets living along the coast.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Eventually many tribes were defeated and hundreds of thousands of prisoners were sent to Rome as slaves.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[45] Bridge on the Rhine and excursion to Britain In 56 BC


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar agreed with Crassus and Pompey that his proconsular term would be extended, and that Crassus and Pompey would be elected consuls the following year.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

After his consular term, Crassus was to receive Syria and Pompey's Hispania as his province.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

After this, Caesar returned to his troops in preparation for an invasion of Britain.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

But before that he had to fight against the Germans who had crossed the Rhine.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

After beating the Germans who had invaded Gaul, Caesar decided to build a bridge across the Rhine.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

The purpose was to show the “barbarians” how awesome the Roman army was.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Shortly after the bridge was completed, nearby tribesmen sent hostages to Caesar.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

After having his back thus protected, Caesar went with two legions to Britain.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Although the Romans struck the local tribes, it was necessary for them to return after their fleet was damaged in a storm.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

In 54 BC.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar made another attempt with a force of 800 ships, but even this attack yielded no lasting results.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

In the same year, Caesar's daughter Julia died in childbirth.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

The following year, Crassus was killed in a war against the Parthians.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Pompey and Caesar cooled, and Pompey married the daughter of Caesar's enemy, Metellus Scipio.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[46] In 52 BC.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

A major rebellion broke out in Gaul under the leadership of a young Gaulish chieftain, Vercingetorix.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

After several stages, Caesar had Vercingetorix and his 80,000 soldiers besieged in the city of Alesia.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

The Siege of Alesia is one of the most famous sieges in military history.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar built walls and moats around the city, the purpose of which was to keep the galls in the city.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Outward defensive positions were also built around the siege ring to prevent allies led by Vercingetorix's brother from entering the city and attacking the Romans besieging it.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Despite attempts by the Allies to break the Roman cordon, the Romans eventually got them beaten.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Vercingetorix was forced to surrender.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[45] In Rome, a twenty-day supplication celebration was held in honour of Caesar's victory in Alesia.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

However, the war still dragged on because individual tribes continued resistance.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Finally in 50 BC.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

significant rebellions had been defeated.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

However, Caesar's success had caused outrage in Rome, where there were suspicions of a successful warlord seeking to become King of Rome.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

With the end of the war, an escalation in the political situation was inevitable.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[45] Civil War Main article: Julius Caesar's Civil War The Gallic War grew Caesar's reputation in Rome rapidly.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

This also bred the suspicions of his opponents.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Attempts had been made to persuade Caesar to return to Rome as early as 51 BC.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Finally in 50 BC.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar was ordered to return to Rome because his tenure as proconsul was over.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

In addition, the Senate prohibited him from standing for election as consul in absentia.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar knew that he would be eliminated in Rome without the immunity brought by the position of consul.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

At the same time, the interests of Pompey, who was the only person who could have helped Caesar, were increasingly at odds with those of Caesar.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Disagreements were fiercely but unsuccessfully reconciled.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

The situation in the Senate came to a head when Caesar's backers insisted that in order to maintain the balance of power, Pompey too would have to give up his legions.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

The year 49 BC.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

in January, the Senate, with Pompey's support, rejected Caesar's last reconciliation proposal.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

The senate issued a senatus consultum ultimum ruling requiring consuls and other elected officials to protect the republic from Caesar.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[39] Caesar had left most of his army in Gaul, having come to Ravenna with one legion to observe developments in Rome.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

The Senate believed he, with so few troops, would be unable to do anything.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

On January 10, Caesar was informed of the Senate's decision.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar had already previously sent orders to the VIII and XII legions to travel to Italy.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[45] He demanded his XIII Legion now with him to defend the reputation and prestige of his chieftain, and then marched towards the border of his province, which was the small Rubikon River.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

While crossing the river that served as the border between Gaul and Rome, Plutarkhos says he recited the playwright Menandro, quoting from Greek “νερρίφθω κύβος” (Anerriftho kybos), “May the dice fly”.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[47] Historian Suetonius puts forth the phrase in Latin “Iacta alea est”, “The Arpa has been cast”, which is now often used as “Alea iacta est”.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar, you see, knew then that he was breaking the law that ordered the legions to remain in the territory of his own province, and could no longer retreat and still maintain their lives and status.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar was reluctant to engage in civil war anyway: warring against barbarians was a figure in itself, but fighting against other Romans was a far more serious matter.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

From Italy to Egypt upon Caesar's arrival in Italy, Pompey had two legions there and call-outs underway.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

However, Pompey's legions were unreliable and the new troops were no match for Caesar's experienced soldiers.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar was able to advance almost without resistance.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar's enemies fled Rome.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[48] The skilled warlord Pompey realised that he could no longer defend Italy and decided to withdraw to Greece to obtain reinforcements.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Pompey also took with him a number of senators and officials who had opposed Caesar.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[49] Not all of them left, however.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Cicero, for example, had moved on to Formiae.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

On his way to Rome, Caesar stopped there and tried to persuade Cicero to return to Rome, as he was a distinguished figure among the senators.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Cicero later wrote to a friend that Caesar was not delighted with his response.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[50] When Caesar arrived in Rome, he plundered the state reserve fund to finance his wars.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

He was elected dictator.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

In only eleven days, he relinquished dictatorial power and settled for the rank of consul.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

When Caesar's Gallic legions arrived, he set out with a force of nine legions to Hispania, where Pompey had left seven legions.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

After defeating the Hispanian legions in an almost bloodless campaign, Caesar returned for a short time to Italy before continuing his journey to Greece with eight legions.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

On 10 July, Caesar and Pompey faced off in 48 BC.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

at the Battle of Dyrrhakhion.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar had little to lose, but his managed to retreat to Thessaly, where he defeated Pompey at the Battle of Farsalos.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[45] After the battle, Pompey fled east and much of his troops surrendered to Caesar.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

When news of the decisive victory reached Rome, those who supported Caesar celebrated.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

The joyful cries were also joined both by supporters of Pompey and those who opposed Caesar in general, albeit reluctantly and worrying about his future, as Caesar had an abundance of spies and informers in Rome.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

He was appointed dictator again, but instead of Caesar returning to Rome to celebrate he continued to hunt Pompey and sent Mark Antony, who had appointed him governor of Italy, as his regent.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

The new power did not go without problems, as Mark Antony concentrated mainly on living luxurious and caring for the accumulation of his own wealth.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[51] Pompey sought refuge in Egypt.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

This alarmed the advisers of the child king Ptolemy XIII, who did not want Egypt to be the new scene of the Roman civil war, so they decided to assassinate him.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

He was slain by Pompey's own officers who had defected to Ptolemy's army on beaching.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar's arrived in Egypt with 35 warships and 4000 men consisting of the Guard.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

At the reception, Pompey's officers handed him the embalmed head of his former commander and his signet ring, expecting praise, but instead Caesar was horrified after seeing the remains of his earlier friend and a Roman great man like him.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

According to Plutarchus, Caesar wept at the occasion, but he nevertheless accepted Pompey's ring.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[52] War of Alexandria The situation in Egypt was unstable when Caesar arrived.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Guided by his regent Pothinus, Ptolemy was currently at war with his earlier ruler partner and sister Cleopatra VII, whom he had managed to drive out of the country.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Cleopatra, however, had returned to claim her right to the throne, leading a new army.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar decided to become a mediator and took as his lodging the king's palace in Alexandria, even though he did not even have an entire legion with him.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

He elevated himself to the position of judge, insisting that both Ptolemy and Cleopatra should present their claims to power directly to him.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

The Egyptians were generally not at all satisfied with Caesar's imperialist behavior and strongly demonstrated against him, but when Cleopatra heard of Caesar's insistence, she decided to resort to a daring plot.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

He smuggled himself wrapped in an ornate gift rug by the Sicilian merchant Apollodorus.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

The carpet was unfurled in the palace in front of Caesar and, as a surprise to the Roman emerge, bounced the 21-year-old charmed queen.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[53] Cleopatra's rapture pleased the 52-year-old Caesar greatly.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

She found many similarities to herself in Cleopatra, for, despite her young age, Cleopatra was highly learned and intelligent, and moreover very determined and ambitious.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar made his decision during the same day: Cleopatra regained her rulership with Ptolemy and the pair of siblings would be consecrated in nominal marriage according to Egyptian royal custom.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

After making the decision, Caesar and Cleopatra quickly became a love couple.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[54] The decision did not satisfy all parties.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Pothinus and Ptolemy ran away from the palace, raising riots and fomenting resistance.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

The Royal Palace of Alexandria soon came under siege.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Ptolemy's opposition sealed the alliance between Caesar and Cleopatra.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[55] Caesar's aid eventually came to the aid of his ally Mithridates Pergamonese and other troops loyal to the Romans.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[56] With their help, Caesar was able to defeat Ptolemy's forces both on sea and on land.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

The civil war was resolved in the Battle of the Nile and Ptolemy, driven to escape, died accidentally.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar placed Cleopatra on the throne.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Cleopatra also went by custom to marry her younger brother Ptolemy XIV.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Although Caesar still had opponents in Egyt, Cleopatra enticed Caesar to stay on holiday, a two-month-long river cruise to the upper reaches of the Nile.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

After the holiday, Caesar returned to Rome, leaving behind Cleopatra, who had hoped for marriage, who soon bore a son, Ptolemy XV.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

The Queen named Caesar as the father of the son, something he never publicly acknowledged.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[57] The end of the civil war in Caesar's absence, his opponents were back into action.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

At the same time, Farnakes, son of Mithridates VI, King of Pontos, an old enemy of Rome, had also attacked Rome.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar crushed Farnakee's forces at the Battle of Zela perfectly.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

One main factor for this was the completely flawed battle tactics of Farnakee's forces: they attacked the Romans encamped on the hill uphill.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

After the battle, he reportedly wrote to his friend “Veni, vidi, vici” (I came, thus, I won), [58] meaning the relative ease of battle.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[45] After returning for a short time to Rome, Caesar travelled to Africa, where his opponents had gathered.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

In 46 BC.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar defeated the forces of Cato the Younger and Metellus Scipio at the Battle of Thapsus.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Pompey's sons Gnaeus Pompey and Sextus Pompey fled to Hispania, where Caesar arrived in 46 BC.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

in December.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

The year 45 BC.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

in March the troops faced off in the Battle of Munda.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

The enemy had good positions, and Caesar's weary soldiers were sniffing.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

It was only after a long and bloody battle that Caesar's forces were defeated.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[45] The dictator Caesar returned to Italy in September 45 BC.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

The Senate was no longer opposed to Caesar, and he pardoned almost all his former enemies.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Returning to Rome, Caesar gave up his fourth consular term, which he had held without a consular companion.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

The Senate, however, made Caesar a lifelong consul.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

He also gained the power to decide the posts of provincial land lords, before they had been elected by lot.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar's birth month Quintilis, was renamed after him Iulius (July).


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

He was also given the title pater patriae (father of the fatherland).


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

In 44 BC.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar was made a lifelong dictator, dictator perpetuus.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Some of the inhabitants of Rome began to call Caesar king.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

On February 15, during the feast of Lupercalia, Mark Antony attempted to place a diadem on Caesar's head.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

However, Caesar rejected this offer and declared that he did not want to be king.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[59] Promulgation as king was the worst thing Caesar could have done, because the Romans, proud of their republicanism, were highly suspicious of all aspirants of kingship.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

The traditional office of dictator was markedly less shunned.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

The public erupted into applause when Caesar refused the diadem.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[60] In April 44 BC.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar intended to embark on a war expedition against Parthia with the intention of avenging Crassus's defeat.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar was always more of a warlord than a politician, and he was quickly tired of life in the capital.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

His opponents decided that they had to act before this if they were ever going to get rid of him.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[61] The death of Gaius Julius Caesar's last day began in typical fashion on 15 March 44 BC.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

It was the idus of March, so Caesar attended, in accordance with his custom, the meeting of the Senate.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Writers report the beginning of the day to have been full of bad omens, among them the Etruscan haruspexy Spurinna had reportedly intimated Caesar's last day had come.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[62] In the Senate, after the sacrifice ceremonies of the beginning, he took his seat on a golden chair in the great assembly hall of the Senate, as on several occasions before.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

What Caesar did not foresee, however, was that the idea of assassinating a dictator and restoring the old way of government had long simmered among numerous senators.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Nor did he therefore know that the date of the assassination had been chosen precisely that day, 15 March, when the Senate convened.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[63] The Senate meeting was held at that time in the Curia of Pompey.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[64] After Caesar took his seat in the chamber, a group of senators began to move towards him.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Among these men were also several whom Caesar considered his good friends.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

The shock was great when the men, among whom Brutus and Cassius stood, pulled out their daggers and charged towards Caesar.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

The first of numerous dagger strikes, either Cassius or Casca, hit Caesar's throat.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar did not have a gun with him and did not meet to use bodyguards, but he tried to struggle against the attackers with his sharp typewriter needle.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[65] Soon, however, Caesar realised the superiority of the enemies gathered around him.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

He had been trapped in the Senate chamber and could not escape anywhere.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar had time to receive numerous dagger blows before slumping to the ground at the foot of a statue of his former friend and foe Pompey.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

In his final moments, when defeated, he pulled his toga over his head and stopped doing resistance.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Each conspirator struck Caesar with his dagger, and these 23 wounds quickly came to his death.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[66] The reasons for the murder The Murderers' stated motive was the attempt to restore a republican form of government rather than Caesar's sole authority.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

However, the murderers have been speculated to have sought to improve a position diminished before the other senatorial rule under Caesar.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

One of the murderers was Marcus Junius Brutus Albinus, adopted by Caesar, for whom Caesar had opened the way to success.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Among the murderers were many who had been pardoned by Caesar and whose careers he had promoted.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

In Roman politics, however, allied relations changed rapidly (Caesark knew this quite well) and dissatisfaction with Caesar's copious behaviour must have been widespread.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[67] There are many different versions of the last words spoken by Caesar.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar, who admired Greek culture, probably uttered this originally in Greek, like most of his other flying phrases.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Suetonius recounts them to have been “” (kai sy teknon? , you too my son?).


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

In William Shakespeare's play, Julius Caesar's last words are “Et tu, Brute” (You too my Brutus).


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

There is no historical source for this version and is most likely a Shakespearean invention.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar is also reported to have said, “Sed ista vis est!”


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

(“This is violence, right?


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

“), when he first realized the senators' intentions.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[63] Family Caesar was married three times.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

The first wife, Lucius Cornelius Cinna's daughter Cornelia Cinnilla, died in childbirth.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

From his second wife, Lucius Cornelius Sulla's granddaughter of Pompeia Sulla, Caesar divorced.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar's third wife was Calpurnia, daughter of Lucius Calpurnius Piso.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[68] Caesar had a daughter with Cornelia Cinnilla, Julian.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

With his mistress Cleopatra VII, Caesar had a son Caesarion (Greek: Kaisarion, oik. Ptolemy XV Philopator Filometor Kaisar), who became Ptolemy XV.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

In his will, Caesar also adopted Gaius Octavian, who thus became Gaius Julius Caesar and subsequently, after long wars, Rome's first emperor under the name Augustus.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[69] Ancient sources also often mention that Caesar had homosexual relations, one of these would have been King Nicomedes IV of Bithynia, at whose court Caesar had enjoyed a lasting friendship as a young man.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar was reportedly ridiculed at length after this as “Queen of Bithynia”.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Homosexual relations took a different position in the ancient world than in later times in the Christian world, and especially among the upper class and in Greece they were considered to be completely normal.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

However, the appearance of an exalted man in a subordinate or feminine role in a homosexual relationship was considered inappropriate, as Caesar was alleged to have done in his youth.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[70] Aftereffects Caesar is one of the best known figures of ancient Rome: an “exceptional individual” whose actions, both good and bad, have long contributed.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Warlords, statesmen and dictators have often studied, admired or tried to emulate his activities.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

In schools in the United States, Caesar's works have been used as a reading of Latin since the late 18th century, and at least in the early stages, the selection of works also had political motivations.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

[71] A visible trace of Caesar is in a period where the name of July is still derived from the name Julius in several languages.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Moreover, his calendar reform was of quite permanent quality.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Perhaps the most significant of Caesar's effects, however, was shifting the focus of the Roman Empire northwards, towards Europe.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

The Latinization of Gaul and the British conquest expeditions laid the groundwork for the widespread spread of Roman culture, Latin language and later Christianity all the way to Finland.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

These were key elements in the development of European culture.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Numerous books and plays have been written about Caesar, most famously William Shakespeare's play Julius Caesar.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar has also been used in contemporary popular culture, such as films and comics, perhaps as the most famous example in the Asterix Adventures series, in which he acts as an antagonist.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Film adaptations have generally been based on Shakespeare's play.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

The first of these was made back in 1908, and the most famous is probably the 1953 version in which Marlon Brando starred as Mark Antony.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

In 2005, HBO began the television series Rome, depicting the lives of Caesar and his immediate circle from the conquest of Gaul onward.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Literature Caesar's own production In his lifetime Caesar was considered one of Rome's most accomplished orators and prose writers; even Cicero appreciated Caesar's style.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar's best-known works were his tomb oratory prepared by his aunt, as well as Anticato, which was a counterpart to Cicero.


Question: In what year has Finland's first epilepsy case been recorded?

Julius Caesar

Caesar also authored linguistic works.