Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

In 1959, a leftist guerrilla movement led by Fidel Castro seized power.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Castro remained in power until 2008, after which power passed to his brother Raúl.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

2013 Miguel Díaz—Canel was elected vice president.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[3] He became the country's president following the stepping down of Raúl Castro in April 2018.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Geography of the Republic of Cuba is located on the island of the same name in the Caribbean.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

It is the largest island in the Caribbean.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The island of Cuba is 1200km long and 32—145km wide and belongs to the Great Antilles island group.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

It has an area of 104945km2.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Isla de la Juventud, the second largest island in the country, has an area of 2200 km2, the small islands 3715 km2 and the entire state totals 110860km2.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[4] Cuba is bounded on the west by the Gulf of Mexico and the Yucatan Strait, on the north by the Florida Strait and the Bahamas, on the east by the Windward Fairway, and to the south by the Caribbean Sea.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Its nearest neighbours are the Yucatan Peninsula (Mexico) to the west, Florida (United States) and the Bahamas to the north, Haiti to the east, and Jamaica and the Cayman Islands (United Kingdom) to the south.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The main part, or about three-quarters of Cuba, is gently rolling plateau land.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The country also has mountain ranges, the largest being the Sierra Maestra on the east side of the island, whose highest peak is the Pico Real del Turquino (1974 m).


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The eastern parts of the island also lie the smaller Nipe and Cristal mountain ranges.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[5] The highest mountain in Escambray in central Cuba is Pico San Juan, 960 m high.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

At the western end of the country, Pinar del Río Province lie the mound regions of Sierra de los Órganos and Sierra del Rosario.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[6] The largest city in the country is the capital Havana.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

In 2010, other cities with over 200,000 inhabitants included Santiago de Cuba, Camagüey, Holguín, Guantanamo and Santa Clara.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[7] The climate is tropical but is cooled by pasate winds.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The rainy season lasts from May to October.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Hurricanes hit the East Coast between August and November roughly every two years.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[1] Cuba's nature has been better preserved than the rest of the Caribbean.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Admittedly, unsustainable logging and clearing of wetlands for sugar fields have also wreaked havoc in Cuba, but the country also still has pristine rainforest and wetlands, as well as coral reefs.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

However, economic growth is feared to increase natural wear and tear.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[8] Approximately one-fifth of the island, 200 metres above, has been covered by moist forest types in its beginnings: rainforest, mountain forest and cloud forests.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

About 30 endemic species have been found in them.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

In 1995, it was estimated that 75% of the forest type has been destroyed due to coffee and cocoa cultivation, but one natural patch of more than 500 square kilometers remains.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[9] More than half of the land area has been dry forest, but 4/5 of it has been cleared for cultivation, pasture and savannah.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[10] Coniferous forest has grown in the mountains, of which three patches of more than 250 square kilometres remain.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The main species of the forest is the Caribbean pine (Pinus caribaea), whose shelters live many native bird and plant species.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[11] The world's smallest bird, the bumblebee hummingbird, lives in Cuba, as does the Cuban maragd colibird, the endemic cubantod, and the cubanamazon.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The national bird is the cubantrogon.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The hutia species “Capromys pilorides” is found in addition to Cuba on some nearby islands.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The cubancrocodile has disappeared from places other than Cuba.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[12] History Early stages and colonial era Cuba was inhabited on the basis of archaeological finds no later than the 4th century BCE.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The earliest inhabitants of the Great Antilles have been called casimiroids after the Casimira discovery site and spread to the region from the Yucatan Peninsula.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The casimiroid population was followed by so-called Saladoid people from Venezuelata or the Lesser Antilles in the first millennium BCE.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

They interacted and possibly also intermingled with the earlier population.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Over time, they became muddled orthe culture of the islands.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

When Europeans arrived in Cuba, about two-thirds of the island was inhabited by the Tainos and the westernmost third was inhabited by Guanahatabeys considered more primitive in culture.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[13] Christopher Columbus arrived on the island of Cuba as the first European in 1492.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[14] However, the Spanish did not begin to settle on the island until 20 years later under Diego Velázquez.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The Spanish subjugated the Tainos to the encomienda system.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The Tainos were starved to forced labour in plantations and mines, and were jaded by diseases brought by Europeans.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

In 1550, there were fewer than five thousand of them.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The Spanish brought African slaves to the island starting in 1526.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[15] From the mid-16th century to the mid-18th century, there were constant clashes between wealthy Spanish merchants and pirates in Cuba.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The Spanish tried in vain to protect their possessions by building fortifications in the surroundings of the island's ports.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

In 1762, Spain joined the Seven Years' War on the French side against Britain.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The British saw an opportunity to seize the lucrative Spanish holdings in the Caribbean and took Havana.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

During the reign of the British, sugarcane farming flourished, especially when, in 1790, French plantation owners fled to the island to make way for the Haitian slave revolt.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

By 1820, Cuba was developing into the world's leading sugar producer, and the newly formed United States was its largest customer.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[16] For a long time Cuba remained loyal to Spain, and there was no independence in the colony at the beginning of the 19th century as other Spanish colonies sought independence.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[17] However, the pro-slavery Creole elite began to view themselves as discriminated against, and by the middle of the century, hopes for independence began to tune in in Cuba too.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Alongside also arose the idea of joining the United States, in whose southern states slavery was permitted.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The first large-scale attempt at independence began in October 1868 with the start of the Ten Years' War on the plantation of Carlos Manuel de Céspedes.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[18] The Spanish made peace with the mutually contested rebels in 1878.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[19] The struggle for independence was martyred by José Martí, who founded the Junta of Independence in 1892 in New York.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The Cuban War of Independence kicked off in February 1894, and Martí was already killed in its first battles.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The war soon spread from the eastern parts of the country to the rest of the country.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The United States did not want to interfere with the situation in the country, but it declared war on Spain when the USS Maine (ACR-1), which was visiting Havana harbour, exploded in February 1898, taking 266 U.S. personnel with it.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Both countries blamed each other for the blast.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[20] The Spanish—American War lasted from April to August, and as a result Spain was forced to withdraw from Cuba as well as ceding Puerto Rico and the Philippines to the United States, which, however, did not give independence to Cuba but placed in charge of its own military rule.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[21] Although the occupation regime succeeded in developing society, the majority of Cubans did not approve of the country's transition to a new host.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[22] Independence Cuba gained independence in 1902.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

A general strike in 1933 robbed President Gerardo Machado from power and elevated Army Sergeant Fulgencio Batista to the head of the country.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The country's president was Federico Laredo Brú, but the real leadership was in Batista's hands.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

In 1940, Batista was appointed president.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[14] However, Batista was sidelined in 1944 when Ramon Graú was elected president.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

In 1948, Carlos Prío Socarrás became president, who was deposed by Batista in 1952.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[23] The so-called Platt Amendment clause limited Cuba's independence and the United States considered it its right to intervene in Cuban affairs if it wished [24].


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

In 1959, Fidel Castro ousted Batista's unpopular and corrupt regime in a revolution.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Batista fled to the United States, where he also transferred a significant amount of money.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

In addition, about 700,000 Batista supporters left Cuba.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The new Cuban government was recognized by the United States, Britain, France and the Soviet Union, as well as almost all Latin American countries, as early as the first week of January 1959.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The 26 July guerrilla movement led by Castro consisted of liberal and moderate leftists, but later Castro declared the revolution to have been socialist in nature, centralized power in his hands, canceled free elections, and forgot his promise to respect the old 1940 constitution.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The name of the guerrilla movement stemmed from the launch shot of the revolution, led by Castro, on the Moncada garrison just outside the city of Santiago on 26 July 1953, and was a model of the French resistance during World War II.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[25] [26] [27] The eccentric socialism developed by Castro has been called “castrolism”, sometimes also “fidelism”.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[28] Immediately after Batista fled Cuba, the new government of the country initiated punitive measures against those members of the Batista regime accused of murdering and torturing citizens, and established special courts-martial to that end.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

According to foreign views, the conduct of court-martial took on the nature of systematic retaliation in these cases.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

In speedy, often even hasty trials, the defendants were invariably sentenced to death and executed in public, but due to foreign objections, the executions were soon turned secret.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

By the end of June 1959, when court-martial were abolished, about 500 individuals had been executed.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[29] Most newspapers ceased or were taken over by the end of 1960.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[30] [31] All radio and television stations were taken under state control.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[30] Approximately 20,000 dissidents were imprisoned each year.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[30] Moderate teachers and professors were removed from their positions.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[30] Homosexuals, religionists and others were taken to labour camps for political “brainwashing”.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[32] In September 1960, “Revolutionary Committees” (CDRs) were established to spy on neighbourhoods.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[30] Cuba built the second largest army in Latin America.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[33] Between 1959 and 1962, 3200 people were executed according to an estimate by the United States Department of State, [34] by some estimates, the total number of political executions was 4000—33000.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[35] [36] [37] Cold War time the United States welcomed the new Cuban regime at first calmly, but quite soon the situation changed completely.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The executions against Batista's regime already severely shaken U.S. confidence in Castro.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Nationalization of foreign industrial companies and oil companies in 1960 cut ties with the United States.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The United States stopped purchases of sugar from Cuba, for whose economy, in turn, sugar exports were vital and the United States by far the largest buyer of Cuban sugar.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

In this situation, Cuba turned to the socialist countries and thus began the cooperation between Cuba and the Soviet Union, which, although it did not always go without abrasion.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[38] As the Cold War intensified, Cuba became the vessel of disputes between the great powers.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The failed Bay of Pigs landings by Cuban refugees in April 1961 was orchestrated by the Americans with the aim of ousting the revolutionary regime.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The failure of the mission was a serious prestige defeat for the US president, John Kennedy, who has just taken office.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

In 1962, Cuba was separated from the Organization of American States (OAS) because, according to a U.S.-driven decision, “the Marxist-Leninist line was inconsistent with the principles of the American system.”


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[39] In the early 1960s, Cuba was the scene of world politics in the Cuban Missile Crisis (October 15 to November 20, 1962).


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[14] After the missile crisis triggered, there was a general cooling of relations between Cuba and the Soviet Union, but already in the spring of 1963 Castro made his first visit to the Soviet Union and met with party leader Nikita Khrushchev.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[40] In the 1960s, Castro and his close comrade, head of the Cuban State Bank, Ernesto “Che” Guevara, an Argentine by descent, attempted to market “castro-like” socialism to other Latin American countries, to which copious amounts of money, weapons and experts in guerrilla warfare were sent.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Despite attempts, “castrolism” did not exactly achieve a backlash in these countries.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Most of the population of the countries were poor peasants, but they had essentially redeemed their small holdings as their own and were not enthusiastic about the joint ownership of the means of production under socialism.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Guevara was sidelined due to differences in views between him and Castro: Castro advocated closer cooperation with the Soviet Union, Guevara for greater independence from Moscow.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Guevara left Cuba in 1965 and he was killed in Bolivia in 1967 after trying in vain to raise a rebellion against President Rene Barrientos.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[41] The Communist Party of Cuba was founded in 1961, but it did not hold its first party conference until 1975, when Fidel Castro was elected to its leadership.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Under a constitutional amendment in 1976, the leadership position of the Communist Party was defined and Castro was appointed President of the Cuban Council of State, that is, the country's president.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

In 1972, Cuba became a member of the Economic Community of Socialist Countries (SEV).


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

During the 1970s and 1980s, Cuban soldiers were in support of several different left-wing governments in Africa (including Angola) and South America.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

In Angola, Cuba significantly supported the Popular Front for Liberation (MPLA), which gained the upper hand in the country's civil war in 1976, the FRELIMO party in Mozambique, and the PAIGC party in Guinea—Bissau and Cape Verde.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Some degree of support also came from the dictators of Equatorial Guinea and Uganda, Francisco Macías Nguema and Idi Amin, and rebels who opposed then-Zaire president Mobutu Sese Seko.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

On the other hand, Castro was happy to appear as a joint leading figure and advocate for developing countries, saying Cuba would seek to reduce the dependence of African countries that had achieved independence on former colonial mistresses and Western countries at all, especially the United States.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

In this case, however, he had to be wary of at least highly visible support for subversive movements.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Problems for Cuba were produced by mutual divisions between African states and ethnic groups, one example of which was the drift of its supported Ethiopia and Somalia into a mutual Ogaden War in 1977.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Elsewhere in the world, Cuba was seen mainly as a Soviet hand bash for increasing Soviet influence in Africa, and the presence of Cubans there as Moscow demanded as a price for economic assistance to Cuba.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[42] After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s, with the end of Soviet financial support, Cuba experienced major economic problems.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[43] At the fourth party congress of the order of the Cuban Communist Party in 1991, Castro convinced his country to remain socialist; at the same time, the Soviet Union was fighting a dying struggle and the state disappeared from the world map at the end of the year.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[44] The last Russian soldiers left Cuba in early July 1993.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[45] In August 1994, Cuba began the most serious unrest in Castro's reign until then, when thousands of Cubans demonstrated and shouted anti-Castro slogans in Havana, the country's capital.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

At the same time, a new mass exodus of Cubans to the United States


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Castro accused the United States of fomenting the protests.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Since the US began to put the brakes on Cuban immigration at the end of August e.g.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Panama and Honduras said they were ready to accept Cuban refugees.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The unrest was even considered to have triggered Castro's countdown.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[46] In November 1996, Fidel Castro made a historic visit to the Vatican, where he held talks with Pope John Paul II on the status of the mostly Catholic Church in Cuba.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[47] Castro invited the Pope to Cuba for a return visit, which came to fruition in January 1998.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Cuba was the last Latin American country that the pope had not visited.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[48] President Vladimir Putin visited Cuba as the first Russian head of state since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 2000.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

At the end of the talks between Putin and Castro, it was announced that Russia and Cuba had reached an agreement on the payment of Cuba's substantial Soviet-era debts.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[49] Relations between the United States and Cuba have consistently remained strained.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

John Bolton, who served as assistant secretary of state for international security in President George W. Bush's administration, has read Cuba as belonging to the “axis of evil.”


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

In 2002, the United States flew detainees it had taken in Afghanistan to its naval base at Guantanamo Bay in Cuba.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[14] The United States has accused Cuba of supporting terrorism.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

At the same time, however, it has itself allowed the anticastros to be in Miami freely, even though they have been accused of terrorist acts.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[50] Anticastro terrorists have, among other things, threatened tourists travelling to Cuba, striking Havana hotels and blowing up a Cuban passenger plane, resulting in the deaths of more than 70 people.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[51] [52] [53] [54] Cuba has blamed the cases on the CIA.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[55] The leader of Cuba from 1959 to 2008 was Fidel Castro.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

He temporarily handed over the presidential duties he had held since 1976 to his brother Raúl Castro in the summer of 2006 after being hospitalized.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

In the winter of 2008, Fidel Castro stepped down from his public posts, and brother Raúl was elected to succeed him as president.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[56] Since Fidel Castro surrendered power in February 2008, the Cuban economy has been slightly opened up.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Cubans have the right to acquire previously regulated consumer electronics and computers and travel restrictions have been loosened.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[14] In 2009, Cuba was again accepted as a member of the Organization of American States.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

In February 2013, the Cuban parliament elected Raúl Castro to a second term as president of the country.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

He announced he would step down from the post at the end of his term in 2018.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

At the meeting, Miguel Díaz—Canel emerged as Vice President who was elected President of the country in April 2018.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

In December 2014, Barack Obama announced that the United States was going to normalize its relationship with Cuba.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The United States planned to restore diplomatic relations with Cuba and establish an embassy in the country.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Obama is also seeking an end to the Cuba embargo, but needs congressional support to do so.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[57] In July 2015, Cuba and the United States established diplomatic relations after a 54-year hiatus.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[58] Governance and Politics The political system in Cuba is a socialist system of government.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The country has a one-party system dominated by the Communist Party of Cuba (Partido Comunista de Cuba).


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The Cuban Communist Party is the leading ideological force in society, which, however, does not participate in elections.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

State bodies are elected by election, where candidates are placed at open meetings of citizens in residential areas.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[59] The Council of State is chaired by the President, who also heads the Council of Ministers, namely the Government.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[34] The President has executive power and the National Assembly has legislative power.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The National Assembly also elects the members of the Supreme Court.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[1] The President, Vice President and National Assembly (Asemblea Nacional del Poder Popular) are elected for five-year periods.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The National Assembly consists of 614 seats.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

In elections, each candidate must win at least 50% support to be elected.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The President makes a recommendation of ministers to the National Assembly, which appoints the ministers.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The National Assembly also appoints itself a 31-member Council of State to deputise for it outside of sitting terms.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[1] Since the National Assembly is only convened for a short term twice a year, the State Council has a great deal of power.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[34] Foreign Policy The United States has the Guantanamo Bay naval base established in Cuba in 1898, which Cuba claims for itself.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The base was leased to the United States upon Cuba's independence in 1903.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Since the revolution, Fidel and Raúl Castro have not accepted the rent payment because they consider that the lease was concluded under duress.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[60] Cuba was also home to the Soviet Lourdes listening station 1964—2001.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

In 2000, China entered into an agreement with Cuba to lease Cuba's satellite intelligence station.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[61] Cuba has close ties with China and Venezuela.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

China has supplied the country with nickel and Venezuela inexpensive oil.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

In 2009, Russia began warming up contacts with a Soviet-era ally, and struck a deal to map undersea oil resources.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[60] Many Cubans have gone on to become emigrants over the years.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

In 2008, Cuba was the fifth-highest number of emigrants sent country in the world, after Mexico, China, India and the Philippines.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

In that year, 49500 Cubans legally emigrated abroad.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[62] Many illegal refugees sneak into the United States on speedboats, which has a special programme enabling Cubans who have arrived illegally to apply for work permits immediately.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[63] [64] Human Rights The Cuban government has been accused of serious human rights violations including torture, arbitrary detention, unfair trials and extrajudicial executions (“El Paredón”).


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[65] [66] According to human rights organisation Human Rights Watch, the government “suppresses almost all forms of dissent” and “Cubans are systematically denied freedom of expression, freedom of association, assembly, privacy, freedom of movement and legality.”


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[67] In 2003, the European Union accused the Cuban government of continuing serious violations of human rights.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[68] The UN has also criticised Cuba's human rights record.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[60] According to human rights organisation Amnesty International, many prisoners of conscience have been released, but freedom of expression and freedom of assembly and association are restricted and critics of the one-party government line are being persecuted.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Dissidents are arbitrarily detained, preventing participation in rallies and demonstrations.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[69] The death penalty is in force in the country, but the most recent execution is in 2003.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[70] Until 2013, citizens could not leave Cuba or enter without official permission in addition to their passports and visas.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[67] [71] Freedom of expression In 2008, Cuba had the highest number of imprisoned journalists in the world after China, reported by e.g.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ), Human Rights Watch and Suomen Pen.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[72] [73] [74] Cuban media is under strict state control and journalists can face up to three years in prison for criticizing authorities or spreading anti-government propaganda.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Private radio and television stations are banned by the constitution, and foreign news services must hire local staff through a state brokerage office.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Less than two percent of the population uses the internet.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The United States is spreading its own views on world affairs by directing powerful radio transmitters from Florida to Cuba.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[60] Computer ownership is restricted so that their numbers are among the lowest in the world.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[75] The Internet may only be used in select locations that can be monitored.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[75] [76] Unauthorized Internet access can produce five years' imprisonment.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Prison System and Labor Camps In 1999, Human Rights Watch reported Cuba's prison system to be among the most extensive in Latin America, covering e.g.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

40 maximum security prisons and 200 labor camps.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[77] According to the organisation, prisoners, both political and non-political, are placed in prisons in classless and unsanitary conditions.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[77] Territorial division Cuba is divided into 15 provinces, which are still divided into 169 municipalities and one special municipality (Isla de la Juventud).


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Pinar del Río Artemisa Ciudad de La Habana (Havana City) Mayabeque Matanzas Cienfuegos Villa Clara Sancti Spíritus Ciego de Ávila Camagüey Las Tunas Granma Holguín Santiago de Cuba Guantánamo Isla de la Juventud (Island of Youth) Economy Cuba's gross domestic product per capita in 2015 was USD 6203, higher than Jamaica and slightly lower than in the Dominican Republic.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

This means that Cuba's gross domestic product per capita is at about the same level as the comparator countries in the Caribbean.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[78] The most significant natural resources are cobalt, nickel, iron ore, copper, manganese and wood.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The most significant export products are nickel, sugar, tobacco and biotechnology products.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The main export countries are Venezuela, China and Canada.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[34] The Cuban economy has been quite dependent on sugar cane exports, but due to the low world price of sugar today, the sugar industry has been driven down in recent years.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

In 2009, one million tonnes of it was produced, an eighth of 1989 production.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Nickel has taken the place as the most significant export product, but even that world price is swinging.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[34] Cuba imports around 60% of its food [79].


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Systematically developed healthcare and biotechnology has grown into a major source of export revenue.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Cuban cancer research has been commercialized in joint ventures in both China and Germany.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

There is an agreement with Venezuela for the exchange of medical services for low-cost oil.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[80] Recently tourism has become an increasingly important industry.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

As of 2004, between 2 and 2.5 million tourists a year have visited the country.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Some Latin American tourists come to Cuba to use the country's hospital services.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[34] The most popular traditional resorts are Varadero and Guardalavaca.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[81] A lot of Canadians, Britons, Spaniards, Italians and Mexicans visit the country.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[82] Cuba has two currencies, the domestic peso (CUP) and the convertible peso (CUC).


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Their exchange ratio is 1:1 for corporations, less favourable to individuals: the exchange of the US dollar to CUC is taxed at 10%.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

As of 2011, CUC is pegged to the dollar.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The two currencies are used in different trades, which has led to extensive black market trading.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[34] Cuba's economic model is socialist, 83% of the workforce is employed by the state.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Since 2008, Raúl Castro's regime has made changes toward a market economy, and the 2011 party convention passed a series of reforms, including private land ownership and lending.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[34] The average wage in Cuba is about $20 per month and unemployment is about 1.7%.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[83] Embargo The United States declared in 1962 on the embargo on Cuba, which is still continuing.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

A key condition for easing the blockade has been the release of dissidents.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[84] In 2008, President Bush offered humanitarian aid to Cuba and temporarily allowed the sale of food and building supplies worth $250 million [85] and in 2009 the United States relaxed the blockade by allowing Cubans in his country to travel and send money to Cuba.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[86] The embargo does not only restrict trade by U.S. companies to Cuba, it also applies to foreign companies that trade in both the United States and Cuba.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

For 19 years now, the UN General Assembly has passed a resolution calling for lifting the embargo every year, but the United States has ignored UN demands.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[87] In December 2014, the United States began negotiating to lift the embargo.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The population of Cuba's approximately 11 million inhabitants is white at 65.1%, mulatts as well as mestits 24.8% and blacks 10.1%.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[1] The official language is Spanish.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Before Castro's 1959 rise to power, 85% were at least nominally Catholic.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[1] According to the Pew Research Center research institute, in 2010, 59.2% of Cubans are Christian, 17.4% are folk religions, 0.4% are other religions, and 23.0% are non-religious.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[88] In 1960, life expectancy was 64 years [89] in Cuba and 56 years in Latin America.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[90] In 2010, the figures were 79 years and 74 years.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[91] Health Care In 2008, there were more than 33000 family doctors in Cuba.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

For every 20 to 40 family doctors, there is a local clinic.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

In the 21st century, more and more specialized medical services have been transferred to them, which were previously only available in hospitals.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[92] According to World Health Organization statistics, Cuba has had a doctor per 170 inhabitants, [80], compared with about 300 inhabitants in Finland, for example.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[93] As health care has become a profitable export product, fewer workers have been left in domestic services and patients have had to queue for treatment.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[80] Cuban doctors who helped Ebola patients in West Africa have been nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[94] According to a 2010 UNAIDS report, compared to other Caribbean countries, Cuba has an extremely low rate of HIV carriers.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

In 2009, they comprised less than 0.1% of the adult population, totaling about 7100 people.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Almost four thousand people received antiretroviral therapy, or 80% of those in need.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[95] Education Cuba invests far more in education than other countries in the region.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

98% of children finish elementary school, and 83% of the age class attend middle school.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The number of tertiary students is also clearly higher than in other countries in the region.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

100% of adolescents and 99.8% of all adults are literate, compared to the region averages of 97% and 91% respectively.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[96] The role of women Gender equality has been achieved in principle in education and employment.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

However, while equal wages are paid for equal work, men often get better paid jobs, and cultural traditions guide women to do household chores and care for children and the elderly.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[97] 43.6% of the delegates in the National Assembly are women.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

In the working world, men dominate traditional “hard fields” such as engineering and natural sciences.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

In medicine, education and law, women are the majority.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[98] Culture Literature Poet José Martí (1853—1895) is the most famous name in Cuban revolutionary literature.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Known from the revolutionary literature of the 20th century, Alejo Carpentier, who wrote most of his output in exile before the revolution and, upon his return to Cuba, gained an influential position as the head of the country's book costs.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[99] Other notable Cuban writers include, for example, Guillermo Cabrera Infante, Reinaldo Arenas, Leonardo Padura and Pedro Juan Gutiérrez.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[100] Fine arts Cuban visual arts were influenced by European classicism in the 19th century.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Starting in the 1920s, the avant-garde increased its popularity in the country.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Among Cuba's best-known artists of the “Vanguard” movement in those days was Wifredo Lam.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

After the 1959 revolution, Cuba's artistic freedom tapered as the country became politicized, resulting in a number of artists leaving the country.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Socialist realism imported from the Soviet Union also did not reach the full popularity of Cuban artists.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The country's art life began to be liberated again in the 1980s.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

In the 1990s, emigration became vacant, resulting in a large number of artists leaving the country again.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[101] Today, according to local artists, artistic freedom prevails in Cuba, and artists are no longer restricted by the state as before.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The country has high quality free university and lower arts education, the state continues to support art makers, and the social and economic status of artists is good.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The most prestigious art school in the country is the Instituto Superior de Arte, founded in 1961.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Cubans themselves don't buy art much; customers of local artists tend to be foreigners.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Contemporary Cuban art reflects the country's diversity: European, Caribbean and African heritage, as well as diverse religions.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Among the most notable art museums of contemporary art in the country is the Villa Manuela Gallery in Havana.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Art is also well seen in the street image of the country.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[101] Film and Dance Havana hosts an annual internationally renowned Latin American Film Festival.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Movie tickets are cheap in the country, so going to the cinema is a popular pastime.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[102] Dancing is also very popular in Cuba.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The country's National Ballet and its founder, Alicia Alonso, are also well known outside Cuba.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[102] Music Cuban music has its roots in Spain and West Africa, but influences have come from numerous other cultures.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Cuban musical styles include son, bolero, cha-cha, rumba, mambo, conga and timba.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[103] Similarly, during the 19th and 20th centuries Cuban music has influenced jazz, salsa, Argentine tango and Spanish new flamenco (“nuevo flamenco”), among others.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[104] More recently, Cuban music has gained international acclaim with the release of the Buena Vista Social Club album produced by American Ry Cooder in 1997.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

A wide-spread documentary film was also made about the Buena Vista Social Club.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[105] The band members also received personal publicity and, for example, Ibrahim Ferrer also gained popularity in Finland and performed at Pori Jazz in the summer of 2003.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[106] Other Cuban well-known musicians include (the late) Celia Cruz, Gloria Estefan, thrash metal band Slayer's drummer Dave Lombardo [107], vocalist Pitbull [108] and Sen Dog, a member of the rap band Cypress Hill.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[109] In addition, rap artist Fat Joe has partly Cuban lineage.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Religion Cubans are a religious people, even if the country was for a long time officially atheist.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Religious life in the country is characterised by syncretism, that is, an amalgamation of influences from different religions.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[110] The most prominent religions in Cuba are Catholicism and Afro-Cuban syncretistic religions such as Santería.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Catholicism in the country is historically associated with Europeanism, Spain and Portugal, and Afro-Cuban religions came to the country with slavery.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Practitioners of Afro-Cuban religions were persecuted in the country right up to the 1990s, having been considered “witchcraft”.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

There are also Protestants, Jews and Muslims in Cuba in particular.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[110] The Cuban Revolution was a hard blow to the Catholic Church in the country, which lost its position in education, among other things.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

All religionists were also excluded from Communist Party membership and other political activities.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

A lot of Catholic Church leaders moved to Florida in the 1960s.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[111] Cuba renounced state atheism in 1991, and citizens were guaranteed religious freedom.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Since then, religions have grown in popularity in the country and have become more prominent.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The Pope has visited the island in 1998 [112] and in 2015.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[113] Food culture The traditional Cuban diet is simple: beans and rice form the basis, and soup banana, root vegetables and vegetables are eaten with them.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

In the past, everyone ate beef, but pig and chicken have grown in popularity as more affordable options.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Sweet treats are popular, especially ice cream.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Cakes are reserved for birthdays.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[102] Sports Cuba has participated in the Olympic Games since 1900 a total of 19 times.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

At the beginning of the century, fencer Ramón Fonst brought plenty of medals.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Beginning in 1976, the Cuban team has featured more than 150 athletes.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[114] Since then, Cuba's success at the Olympics has also been relatively good.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

The national football team was ranked number 100 in the FIFA rankings as of October 2011.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

There are 46425 registered players in Cuba as well as 353 football clubs.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

Cuba advanced to the final tournament of the 1938 World Cup competitions.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

In the Gold Cup final tournament, Cuba has played five times.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[115] Football, volleyball, boxing and baseball are the most popular sports in Cuba.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[116] [117] [118] Top Cuban sport has suffered from defections of successful athletes, for example several top boxers have defected to Germany.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

[119] [120] See also History of Cuba Cuban Revolution Cuban Missile Crisis The Bay of Pigs invasion Cuban rumba Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Raento, Paulina| title = Cuba: Country, People, Society| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 2011| id = ISBN Helsinki}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Valtonen, Pekka| title = Latin American history| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamus Book| year = 2001| id = ISBN 951-662-843-5}} Citation error, replace with {cite book| | author = BBC News| title = Cuba Timeline| location = UK| publisher = BBC| year = 2012}} References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Leo Huberman and Paul M. Sweezy (translated by Tuomas Takala) | title = Cuban socialism| location = Helsinki| publisher = Tam| year = 1971 }} On the topic elsewhere — online publication of the Suomi-Kuba Society.


Question: In which month is Pori Jazz held?

Cuba

. . — Yle Living Archive.


Question: In which month will Pori Jazz be held?

Cuba

Category:44 North America * Category:Key articles on screening


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Japan's history has been particularly influenced by the country's geographical location.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

As an island nation, Japan has managed to leisurely blend outside cultural influences into its culture.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The sea has prevented conquerors from the mainland from reaching the islands.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Japan's location, on the other hand, has allowed for isolation from the outside world: long periods of isolation and periods of intense foreign influences are characterised by the country's history.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Japan's advantageous climate has created suitable conditions for maintaining even a large population.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Japanese history is usually divided into epochs whose duration and quantity may vary and which, especially in early history, do not necessarily have clear start and end dates.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Periods may also overlap and often have shorter subseasons.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Nor does the change of season necessarily mean any kind of sudden change in circumstances.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

In Japan, time has been traditionally calculated using Chinese type period markings (nengō), the use of which began in the 6th century.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

In the past, the nengō changed frequently, and there are several dozen of them.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Since the Meiji period in 1868, they have corresponded to the reigns of emperors.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Prehistoric Japan Paleolithic Period The origin of the Japanese population remains somewhat unclear.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Most likely, Japan's current population has been formed partly from different parts of mainland Asia and partly as a result of waves of migration from the South Sea.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[1] The islands of Japan were connected to the mainland about 18,000—12,000 years before the beginning of the period when Hokkaidō was connected to Siberia and Honshū Korea.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The present-day Sea of Japan thus formed a large inland lake.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[1] [2] Since World War II, thousands of Paleolithic sites have been discovered in Japan.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

From research, it seems obvious that there may have been settlement in Japan from at least 30,000 to 50,000 years ago.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[2] The population of the period lived by gathering and hunting, and they used stone tools.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Human fossils from this period have been found on all the main islands of Japan.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[3] Jōmon Period Mesolithic Jōmon period is especially known for its pottery, from which it derives its name.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Pottery of the period is possibly the oldest in the world, and ceramic artefacts began to be made around 12,500 years ago.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Dishes were decorated with ribbon-like patterns.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[2] [4] Decorative motifs varied and became more complex over time.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[2] In addition to tableware, sculptures possibly symbolizing fertility were also produced during the period, particularly female figurines.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[5] Wild animal meat, as well as seafood and fruit, were used for food.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[2] The Jōmon culture was based on gathering and hunting, but by the late stages of the period, rice cultivation began to spread from the mainland to Kyūshū.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[6] People of the era were adorned with jewelry made of bone or seashells.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[2] The Jōmon period probably originated the Japanese language as well.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The ancestors of the Japanese shared the country with the Ainas, who were forced to gradually retreat northwards as the Japanese living circle spread out.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[2] The population of Japan is estimated to have been around 2400 BCE.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

around 265,000, so the country has since early been one of the most densely populated areas in the world.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[4] Yayoi Period The Yayoi period, which marked the great progress of culture, is timed from the 30th century BCE.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

about until 250 share.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[3] [7] The Yayoi culture, like Jōmon, is well known for its pottery, which was less decorated than before and made using more advanced technology.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The culture originated in Kyūshūn, and spread from there to other parts of Japan.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[3] As China's cultural circle expanded, Korean emigrants brought several new technologies to Japan during the period, including cloth making, wet cultivation of rice, bronze and later iron processing, and a new type of ceramics.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Under their influence, Japan began to transition from a hunter-gatherer society to a farming culture.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[6] [8] [7] However, outside influence was mostly material rather than mental in the Yayoi period.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[8] In the Yayoi period, the population of Japan is thought to have been around 600,000.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[8] As the population grew, social classes also began to take shape.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The inhabitants lived in agricultural villages whose settlements were made of wood and stone.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Grain was also stored in buildings.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[3] Information about Yayoi period Japan has been obtained from Chinese chronicles of the time.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

In the Han dynasty chronicle Hòu hànshū, Japan is first mentioned as Wa.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[9] [3] The chronicle reports that Wa sent a mission to China in 57.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[9] Early texts of the Wei Kingdom in the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms tell of a civil war in Japan in the late 10th century, pacified by Queen Himiko.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

He is reported to have ruled with his religious authority over 30 state consortiums.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[9] The chronicle details a detailed route from China to the Wa queen's court in Yamatai, which was likely a local power center in the northern part of Kyūshū.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[9] There has been no consensus on the location of Yamatai among scholars.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[2] According to the chronicle of the Wei Kingdom, Japan had a relatively developed class society in which citizens paid taxes.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Some of the population were also most likely able to read and write, as letters were exchanged between WA state and China.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[9] Classical Japanese Yamato Period The Kofun and Asuka periods are sometimes collectively referred to as the Yamato period.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[10] The period takes its name from the Yamato state of central Japan, which was taken over by the smaller rulers of the region possibly in the mid-3rd century.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

A Korean monument erected in 414 mentions a large army sent from the WA state in 391.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The show of force has been assumed to have necessitated the existence of a highly unified state.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[9] Some have annexed the earlier Yamatai state to Yamato, which is thought then to have been located in Kyūshūn instead of central Japan.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

However, there has been no definitive clarity.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[11] Yamato has been suggested to have arisen either more likely from a new stage of development of the Yayoi culture or as a result of an outside invasion.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

In the latter case, its ruler lineage could have been of Korean origin.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[11] Kofun Period The Kofun period of the years 300—552 takes its name from the large kofun-burial mounds whose construction had begun as early as the 200th century.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[11] [12] Haniwa sculptures were placed next to the mounds.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The sculptures might have featured animals, people, or various buildings.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Information on the clothing, armour and armament of human sculptures has been obtained regarding the living conditions of the time.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[13] The construction of large tombs required a lot of manpower, and the construction of the largest of them, Emperor Nintoku's tomb mound, is comparable to that of the Egyptian pyramids.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[2] The Yamato rulers controlled significant labor resources, the management of which was aided by the development of farming techniques.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

With their help, the Yamato court was able to extend its power over a larger area than before.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[14] During the Yamato State, a foundation for the political and social system of the country emerged.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[15] By the end of the 3rd century, Yamato was an established kingdom, connected with China and Korea, especially Baekje.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Through the Korean peninsula, the products of the high culture of China arrived in Japan.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Foreign scholars and immigrants brought technology, Chinese writing system and Confucianism to the country.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[14] In the struggle for power over the Korean peninsula, Yamato allied himself with the South Korean Baekje in the 3rd century.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Interest in the Korean region apparently arose from the need for technology and raw materials, especially iron.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[14] Yamato society was divided into three main groups.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The Ujis were an upper class thought to have emerged from the original farming communities.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

By the 4th century, uji groups were bound to the ruler of Yamato economically and religiously, and the ruler appointed chiefs to the most powerful of them.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The Bet were, in turn, clan-type professional communities, making things such as pottery, fishing or cultivating rice.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The lowest was a group of yatsuko, slaves who served as servants, possibly comprising about five percent of Japanese.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[15] In the 5th century, the central state of Yamato began to decline, and power passed to local clans, from which Soga in particular gained influence.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

At the same time, Buddhism spread to Japan from Baekje.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

It marked an infinitely significant impact on the emergence of Japanese high culture and a new period in the history of the country.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[14] [16] [12] Asuka period The arrival of Buddhism in Japan has been traditionally timed to the years 538 or 552, but had spread among the Japanese probably even earlier.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[14] [17] The era that began until 710 is often referred to as the Asuka period.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

It takes its name from the Asuka region south of present-day Nara, from which the Yamato court ruled.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[14] The question of Buddhism caused a power struggle inside the court.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The Soga clan, who advocated the new religion, saw Chinese-type governance and Buddhism as ways to consolidate their own power.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The clan effectively ruled Japan from 587—645.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[18] [19] New governance began to be implemented at the turn of the 6th century under the leadership of the regent Shōtoku Taishi.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The first major reforms were the Court Values Scale introduced in 603 and the seventeen-point “Constitution” of 604, which set ideals for state government and people-to-people relations for the first time.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

In foreign policy, Shōtoku opened relations with China's Sui dynasty.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Over the next two centuries, numerous missions were sent to China, which may have consisted of several hundred spirits and had great influence in bringing Chinese high culture to Japan.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[18] [19] [17] The adoption of Chinese culture and reform of governance was later also seen as a means of protection against a strengthened Tang dynasty.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[20] After Shōtoku's death in 622, the court again found itself in the throes of a power struggle.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

In the 645 coup d'état, the reformist Prince Naka no Ōe and Nakatomi no Kamatari eradicated the Soga clan.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The Magic reforms they initiated saw the creation of a central state, led by the Emperor as an absolute monarch, and introduced a Chinese-style period designation.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Private land ownership was abolished, and the land was divided among all those who reached a certain age in exchange for taxes paid to the central government.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[20] [21] In practice, however, land reform was mainly cosmetic, as Japan was not ready for a Chinese land allocation system developed over the centuries.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The reforms took place gradually over the latter part of the century.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[22] They were compiled into collections of statutes that served as the basis for the ritsuryō system of government.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

It was a system adopted from China that defined a clear administrative apparatus and taxation practice, and divided the people into two main groups, the free population and slaves, the latter of which nonetheless made up less than a tenth of the population.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[23] [20] Nara period According to the ancient belief, the capital was always moved to a new place after the death of the emperor, because it was believed that the emperor's death had contaminated the place.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

In 710, the capital was moved to Heijō-kyōho, present-day Nara, from where the time period derives its name.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[17] [25] The Nara period, which lasted until 794, marked the flourishing of Buddhism and the arts in particular.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The airuena of Buddhism served as Emperor Shōmu, who ordered the establishment of a temple in every province and played a key role in the construction of the huge Tōdai-ji temple compound in the capital.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

However, the union of politics and Buddhism marked the growing influence and meddling of the clergy in state affairs.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The influential Fujiwara lineage rose to the leadership of the counter-movement, who installed Emperor Kōnin, who was more dismissive of Buddhism than his predecessors, on the throne.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

His son Kammu moved the country's capital first to Nagaoka and later to Heian, severing court ties with temples in the former capital.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[20] [26] [27] The Nara period was a period of relative calm.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[28] During the period, Japan had about six million inhabitants, the capital had an estimated population of 1000—200,000.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[29] [30] Despite economic hardship and the collapse of the land distribution system, prosperity increased.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The use of money as a means of payment increased as the 7th century wore on, and the first gold coins were minted in 760.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[31] The immigration of Koreans to Japan in the late 6th century greatly accelerated the assimilation of Chinese culture.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

In any case, foreign relations were brisk.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[32] At the beginning of the 7th century, the first history books preserved into modern times were produced.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Completed in 712 until the beginning of the 6th century, Kojiki was not to the court's liking, but Nihonshoki, completed in 720, received a satisfactory reception.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The chronicles created a mythical one for Japan and the Japanese court, by 660 BCE.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

spanning history.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Their purpose was to elevate the status of the emperor institution and create a past similar to Chinese tradition for the state.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[33] Although Buddhism's influence increased, it still remained predominantly the religion of the elite during the Nara period, and its principles were not universally understood.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[31] The literary tradition practiced in temples was popular Buddhism closer to the original form of the religion.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[34] On the other hand, Buddhist thought began to become a part of Japanese life.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

In particular, syncretism between Buddhism and Japanese traditional religion began to develop.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

In Japan, Buddhism took on a particularly eclectic form, with Shinthian kami often seen as manifestations of the Buddha.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Syncretism led to Shinthian shrines beginning to be established in Buddhist temples and the other way around.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[35] Heian-period Emperor Kammu moved the country's capital to Heian-kyōho, present-day Kyoto, in 794.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

During the Heian period, Japan's national culture evolved considerably and grew independent from its Chinese paragons.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Official relations with the decaying Tang Dynasty China were dissolved at the end of the 8th century.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

However, the new culture did not really gain ground until the 9th century onwards.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[20] [36] The court culture that developed at its peak was remarkably distinct from the agricultural population surrounding it and the reality of the provinces.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[37] The Heian period also marked a gradual decline in the power of the emperor.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Emperor Kammu attempted to revive the ritsuryō system of government, which he modified according to the demands of the time, and which remained formally in effect for several centuries.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[20] [38] However, the country's actual situation gradually diverged from the ideals of the ritsuryō regime.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Putting the land distribution system into practice proved difficult.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Private land ownership increased, and from the middle of the Heian period, private grand estates, or shōens, were largely successful in obtaining exemption from taxes.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

This led to a deterioration in the central government's tax revenues.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[20] Power began to pass to local chiefs when the state's grip on provinces became fool and it was no longer able to maintain law and order.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Gradually, the Shōens evolved into fiefdoms, and a feudal system later emerged in the country.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[36] [37] The Fujiwara family rose to influence at court, who managed to control it through carefully planned marriages.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

In practice, the family married their daughter to the emperor, and members of the family gained control of the posts of sesshō and kanpaku.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The post of regent, or sesshō, was taken up by Fujiwara no Yoshifusa in the mid-8th century when his grandson, Emperor Seiwa aged only nine, ascended to the throne.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The post of advisor, or kanpaku, was created by Fujiwara no Mototsune in 887 — in practice kanpaku acted as something of a dictator.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Many emperors were minors during the peak period of the Fujiwaras, or were forced to resign before reaching the age of majority.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[20] [38] [39] [27] The power of the Fujiwaras began to decline in the 10th century, when emperors regained their power through the Insei monastic emperor system.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Under the system, the resigned emperor controlled the affairs of the kingdom from the monas


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The system was based on allowing a minor emperor to hold public ceremonial functions when real power was exercised nominally by a previous ruler who had withdrawn to the monastery.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[40] [27] Nara period Buddhism had been based directly on Chinese Buddhism, but in the Heian period two trends founded by Japanese monks developed, Tendai and Shingon.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[40] [17] [41] Furthermore, at the end of the period in the 12th century, Pure Land Buddhism, Jōdo-shū, formed as its own school.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[17] [42] The Japaneseization of culture was evident especially in literature.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

In the past, Japanese had been written with Chinese characters, but by the 9th century they were developed into the kana-syllable alphabet, hiragana and katakana more suitable for the Japanese language.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Men were still expected to use Chinese when writing, so most of the prose literature of the Heian period is written by women.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Amongst the most notable works of the time, Murasaki Shikibu's Genji Story and Sei Shōnagon's Pillow Book, depicting life in the court of the Heian-period period, are among the most notable works of the time.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[20] [43] [27] [44] Heian period poetry was collected in several imperial poetry anthologies, the first being Kokin-wakashū from 905.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Waka poetry, born of earlier styles, developed into an integral part of court life.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[40] The decline of the power of the central government led to the emergence of a new military class, the samurai, in the provinces.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The samurai served not only as protection of large noble families but also of the state against unrest.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Gradually, they gained power at court.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The two largest samurai lineages were the Taira and Minamoto clans.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Internal disputes between the Fujiwaras and the court led to the Hōgen Rebellion of 1156, in which power decisively passed to the military class.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

In the Heiji rebellion three years later, the families fought each other, and the Taira clan emerged victorious.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

After a few decades in the Genpei War in 1180, Japan found itself in the midst of unprecedented fighting.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The struggle also marked a turning point in Japanese history when its victor, Minamoto no Yoritomo, established a shōgunate, or bakufu military government in Kamakura.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The Bakufu held power in various forms right up until 1868.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[40] [45] [46] [27] Feudal Japan Kamakura Period After the Genpei War, the battle between Yoritomo and his brother Minamoto no Yoshitsune continued until 1189, when Yoritomo destroyed the northern Fujiwara family that had protected his brother.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Three years later, Yoritomo received from the emperor the title of shōgun, the highest rank awarded to a soldier, which later became the designation of the head of the bakufu military government.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

However, absolutely complete military rule in the Kamakura period was not achieved; nominally the country was jointly ruled by the Kyoto civilian aristocracy and the Kamakura military government.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The old Heian period institutions survived in the Kamakura period, and only later were they replaced by new feudal structures.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[47] [48] After Yoritomo's death in 1199, real power passed to the Hōjō clan, whose members served as regents of the shōguns until 1333.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[47] [49] Kamakura's military government and imperial court soon became mired in a power struggle.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

In 1221, Emperor Go-Toba attempted to overthrow the military government in the Jōkyū-rebellion, but was expelled from Kyoto.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Although the bakufu brought its troops to Kyoto, it had great difficulty in maintaining order.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Thousands of aristocrats and soldiers who supported Go-Toba were given to government vassals, and the bakufu's power now extended throughout the country.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[20] [50] The Bakufu acted relatively impartially and efficiently in maintaining order; the first time the new feudal court was assembled in one cover for the Jōei shikimoku collection in 1232.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Despite social crises and upheavals, the stability created by the bakufu had a significant impact on the country's economy.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The exchange of goods between the regions increased, and the use of money became more common again.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Craftsmen and merchants from various fields began to form guilds (), and centres specialising in the manufacture of paper or metal were now emerging in the provinces for the first time for the first time.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The area of land occupied by farming grew rapidly.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

A feudal economy began to form in the Kamakura period, but Japan was still far from a complete feudal society.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The aristocracy and temples had huge public shōens in their possession, while military landowners lived in villages and may have farmed the land themselves.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[51] [47] The disasters of time, famines, natural disasters, and war, together with the expectation of the end times (mappō) of Buddhism, made Pure Land Buddhism popular.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Unlike previous Buddhist tendencies difficult to understand for ordinary Japanese, it offered enlightenment with a simple belief in the Amida Buddha.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Another new school was Nichiren Buddhism founded by monk Nichiren, which contradicted the religious tradition of Japan by taking a sharp stance towards other trends.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

However, the most significant form of Buddhism that became widespread in the Kamakura period was zen, which has had a particularly deep influence on Japanese art, thought, and aesthetics.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

It especially appealed to the samurai.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[51] [52] [47] By the early 13th century, the Mongols had extended their empire to China and Korea.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Kublai Khan now wanted to gain control of Japan as well.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

In November 1274, an army of possibly a few ten thousand Mongol and Korean soldiers beached Kyūshū from the Gulf of Hakata and occupied part of Hizen Province.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The surprising typhoon, however, sank two hundred ships of the invaders, and those who survived the storm were forced to retreat back to Korea.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The Bakufu now began preparing for the next attack by strengthening the coastal defensive arrangements.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The next attack in 1281 was considerably larger than the earlier one.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

It consisted of 4400 ships and about 140,000 soldiers, forming two armies.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The first fleet, arriving from Korea, was beached again from the Gulf of Hakata, but the Japanese managed to prevent its advance for several weeks.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

With the arrival of the 2nd Fleet, the typhoon rose again, destroying almost the entire invading fleet.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Storms later began to be referred to as kamikaze ().


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[53] [47] [27] [54] [55] The threat of invasion did not recede, however.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The constant preparation for war badly ate up the government's financial resources and undermined its stability.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Agricultural production fell, especially on Kyūshū, and the government was incapable of compensating for the losses experienced by its vassals.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[53] [47] Due to uncontrollable economic changes and disputes between the Hōjō clan and rival military governors, the bakufu began to wobble.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Its weakness gave the Kyoto court another opportunity to seek back the power it had lost, but the court was nonetheless divided into two lines competing with each other.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

In 1318, Go-Daigo rose from the junior branch to emperor.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[56] [54] Muromachi period In 1331, the bakufu exiled Emperor Go-Daigo to the Oki Islands in the Sea of Japan.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

However, local leaders in the Kyoto region, supported by monks, assembled an army to oppose the bakufu, and Go-Daigo returned in 1333 to launch another coup.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The military government fell with the support of disgruntled vassals of the Hōjō clan, Ashikaga Takauji and Nitta Yoshisada, and Go-Daigo now assumed the task of restoring imperial power in the so-called Kemmu Restoration.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Many of the emperor's former allies, however, were not satisfied with his actions.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

In 1336, Takauji turned against Go-Daigo and crowned emperor from a rival senior lineage, causing Go-Daigo to flee with his followers south near Nara, where he erected a rival court.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The next 60 years have been called the Nanboku-chō period, the Southern and Northern Court Period.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

It ended only in 1392 with the succession of power remaining on the northern court.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[56] [57] [58] [59] [60] The Muromachi period takes its name from the Muromachi district of Kyoto, where the new shōgunate established by Ashikaga Takauji was relocated in 1378.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[56] [58] The new bakufu inherited the structure of its predecessor almost as is.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The most fundamental difference was the role of shugos, or “constables”, in the administration of the Ashikagos: many shugos gained considerable power in the provinces they controlled, and the bakufu were practically built on the delicate balance of the Ashikaga shōguns and the major shugo lineages.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

However, the new regime was considerably weaker than its predecessor and began to lose even a small amount of power with the intensification of the shugos and numerous rebellions initiated by samurai and farmers.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The political mayhem of the Muromachi period was also affected by the state of decadence of the imperial court: by the 15th century, the court had become so impoverished that Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado could not be buried due to lack of funerary funds.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The Bakufu was the only force holding together in the country.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[56] [61] The Muromachi period marked an almost continuous civil war.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

However, most of the skirmishes were small-scale and local, and trade and culture developed considerably despite political imbalances.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Agricultural production increased, and the serfs of the Heian period mostly emancipated and became small farmers.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Official trade links with China were re-established, although Japanese pirates (wakō) interfered with Chinese trade.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Relations with foreign countries were remarkably lively, with Japanese merchants spreading all the way to Southeast Asia, where Japanese urban communities (nihonmachi) sprang up.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Crucial to the development of indoor trade was the improvement of transport routes, and new towns emerged at ports and other hubs.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[62] [56] [63] [64] The new military culture of the period developed especially in connection with Zen Buddhism.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The heyday of the culture was centrally influenced by the active support of the Shōguns, for example the Ashikaga Yoshimitsu and the Yoshimasa.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The period developed a number of contemporary prestigious Japanese cultural institutions, including ikebana, tea ceremony, zen garden art, and the thriving nō theatre, as well as the humorous kyōgen plays performed in between.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Tea had been a popular drink as early as the Kamakura period, but through zen it acquired a new kind of spiritual meaning through the tea ceremony.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

As the merchants and craftsmen of the cities prospered, new art forms also spread among the common folk.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Ring-chain poetry became popular in literature, but kouta songs about love and sex, for example, became more common.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Fairy tales gained popularity among children of both the upper class and ordinary folk.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The art of painting was also influenced by Zen: monochrome suiboku ink painting was imported from China to Japan.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

One of the most prominent Japanese schools of painting, the Kanō school, originated in the Muromachi period.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

[56] [65] [58] [64] Sengoku period and connection with Europeans Main articles: Sengoku Period and Nanban Trading Period In 1467, the Ōnin War broke out, a civil war that began with a dispute over power and economic hardship.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

Initially, fighting was confined to Kyoto and its surroundings, where the devastation was severe.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The war itself ended in 1477 without any settlement, but fighting still continued in the capital and now spread to other parts of Japan as well.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The Hundred Years' Wars season, which began with the Ōnin War, has been called the Sengoku Period, the Warring States Period.


Question: Who was the first ruler of post-World War II Japan?

History of Japan

The power of local leaders increased considerably.