Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

[2] Hegel divided art into various forms, which include symbolic, classical and romantic art.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

These forms were not circumscribed in time, but occur geographically.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

[2] The beauty of art is higher than natural beauty because the beauty of art is consciously produced and expressive, while natural beauty lacks self-awareness.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

This consciously produced beauty speaks to the receptive consciousness, because of which aesthetic value is associated with epistemic value.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

The degree of consciousness varies in different fields of art, according to which Hegel placed the arts in hierarchical order.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

The actual art genres include architecture, sculpture, painting, music, and poetry.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

[3] The works Hegel published while living only four works.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

The phenomenology of the spirit (1807) was an account of the evolution of consciousness from sensory perception to absolute knowledge.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

The science of logic introduced the logical and metaphysical core of his philosophy.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

It was published in three volumes in 1811, 1812 and 1816 (revised edition 1831).


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

Encyclopedia of Philosophical Sciences about his entire philosophical system.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

It was originally published in 1816 and in revised editions in 1827 and 1830.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

Philosophy of Law (1822) introduced his political philosophy.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

In it, he criticized von Haller's ideas that laws were not necessary.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

Hegel also published some articles early in his career as well as during his Berlin term.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

A number of other works on the philosophy of history, philosophy of religion, aesthetics and the history of philosophy were compiled and published after his death from the notes of his students.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

Hegel's works have a reputation for being difficult to read and very broad in their subject areas.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

Bertrand Russell described him as the most elusive philosopher in his history of Western philosophy.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

This is partly because Hegel sought to develop a new form of thought and logic, which he called “speculative reason” and which also included his better-known idea of “dialectics”.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

The goal was to overcome the limitations of both everyday reason and traditional philosophy when approaching philosophical problems and the relationship between thought and reality.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

Hegel's most notable works are: Das älteste Systemprogramm des deutschen Idealismus (“The Oldest Systems Program of German Idealism”, 1796) Differenz des fichteschen und schellingschen systems der Philosophie (“The Difference of the Philosophical Systems of Fichte and Schelling”, 1801) Glauben und und schellingschen Wissen (“Faith and Knowledge”, 1802) System der Sittlichkeit (“System of Chastity”, 1802) Phenomenology of Spirit (Phänomenologie des Geistes, 1807) Science of Logic (Wissenschaft der Logik, 1812—1816) Encyclopedia of Philosophical Sciences (Enzyklopaedie der philosophischen Wissenschaften, 1817—1830) 'The main features of the philosophy of law, namely the foundations of natural law and political science (Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts oder Naturrecht und Staatswissenschaft im Grundrisse, 1821, Finland.) Vorlesungen über Ästhetik (“Lectures of Aesthetics”, published posthumously 1835) Lectures in the Philosophy of World History (introduction in Finnish as the Voice of Reason) Lectures on Philosophy of Religion Lectures on Criticism of Hegel Renowned liberal philosopher Isaiah Berlin names Hegel as one of the doctrinal fathers of totalitarianism mainly because Hegel concretizes the state and places it above civil society.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

On closer inspection, however, this is unjustified and anachronistic because during Hegel's lifetime totalitarianism was not possible in the form we know it.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

It was not until technological advances such as industry, modern means of transport and information that made a totalitarian state possible.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

See also Hegelism Neo-Hegelism Hegel Prize Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hegel, G. W. F.| title = Voice of Reason: Introduction to Hegel Philosophy Lectures | others = Translated by Mauri Noro| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 1994| version = (Vorlesungen über die Philosophie der Geschichte, 1833—36) | id = ISBN 951-662-216-X}} References Literature Finnish Works Philosophy of Art.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

Introduction to aesthetics lectures.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

(Gaudeamus, Autumn 2013) Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Science of Logic.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

Part one, Objective Logic.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

First volume, Doctrine of being| location = Helsinki| publisher = Summa| year = 2011| version = (Wissenschaft der Logik, 1812—1816.)


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

Translated by Ilmari Jauhiainen.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

Vesa Oittinen & Ilmari Jauhiainen| id = ISBN 978-952-5418-13-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Main features of the philosophy of law, namely the basics of natural law and political science| location = Oulu| publisher = Nordic | year = 1994| version = ( Grundlinien der Philosophie des Rechts, oder, Naturrecht und Staatswissenschaft im Grundrisse, 1821.)


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

The introduction was prepared by Juha Manninen and Markus Wahlberg.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

Translated and annotated by Markus Wahlberg.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

Prometheus| id = ISBN 951-749-188-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Voice of Reason: Introduction to the Philosophy of History Lectures by Hegel | location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 1994| version = (Vorlesungen über die Philosophie der Geschichte, 1833—36).


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

Translated by Mauri Noro| id = ISBN 951-662-216-X}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Correspondence 1794-1815| location = Norderstedt, Germany| publisher = Books on Demand| year = 2015| version = (Briefe von und an Hegel.)


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

Translated by Panu Turunen| id = ISBN 978-952-318-980-5}} Other literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kakkuri, Marja-Liisa & Patoluoto, Ilkka (ed.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

) | title = Studies on Hegel| location = Helsinki| publisher = Finnish Researchers| year = 1984| id = ISBN 951-9297-42-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kalli, Pekka| title = History of Truth: Review of the concept and presentation of the history of philosophy by G. W. F. Hegel| location = Tampere| publisher = University of Tampere| year = 1989| id = ISBN 951-44-2429-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kusch, Martin & Pönkänen, Matti (ed.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

) | title = Hegel Symposium 1985: Themes from Hegel's Philosophy| location = Jyväskylä | publisher = University of Jyväskylä, Department of Philosophy| year = 1986| id = ISBN 951-679-637-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lindberg, Susanna (ed.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

) | title = Introduction to the phenomenology of the Spirit of Hegel| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 2010| id = ISBN 978-952-495-175-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Manninen, Juha| title = Dialectic Core | location = Oulu| publisher = Norther| year = 1987| | id = ISBN 951-749-061-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Plant, Raymond| title = Hegel: About Religion and Philosophy| others = Translated by Heikki Eskelinen| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 2000| version = (Hegel: On religion and philosophy, 1997) | id = ISBN 951-161-180 6}} Also in Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Monk, Ray & Raphael, Frederick (ed.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

) | title = Great philosophers| location = Helsing| publisher = Otava| year = 2004| id = ISBN 951-1-18685-X}} On topic elsewhere Encyclopedia articles entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

Finnish translations Hegel, G.W.F.:.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

English. Heikki Ikäheimo & Ossi Martikainen.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

so & thus 2/1997, 10—14.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

Other articles and texts by Ikäheimo, Heikki & Martikainen, Ossi:.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

so & thus 2/1997, 6—9.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

Lindberg, Susanna:.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

so & thus 1/1995, 57—60.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

Hill, Markku:.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

so & thus 1/1995, 52—56.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

Stegmaier, Werner:.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

English. Jussi Kotkanvirta.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

so & thus 2/1997, 15—21.


Question: What country was G. W. F. Hegel born in?

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

* Category:Those born in 1770 Class:Those who died in 1831 Class:Key articles of screening


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

In biology, sex is an anatomical characteristic expressed in asexually reproducing species, which generally makes individuals divisible into oviparous individuals, namely females (fertilizing) and sperm cell producing individuals, i.e. males (fertilising) [1].


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

Human fertilizing sex are women and fertilizing sex men.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

In addition to gametes, the sex of an individual is defined in biology on the basis of sex chromosomes, genes necessary for sex determination, sex hormones, endocrinology, gonads and external genital morphology [2].


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

Asexual reproduction involves the combination and mixing of genetic characteristics.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

When gametes are similar in shape and function, there is talk of isogamy and otherwise anisogamy.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

The latter is more common in biota.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

Along with biology, gender can also refer to social sex, referring to the socially constructed meanings of manhood and womanhood, as well as societal gender roles that are instilled in through socialization.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

Often the English term gender is also used for social sex [3].


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

General One of the basic characteristics of life is reproduction, that is, the ability to create new individuals, and asexual reproduction is an aspect of this feature.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

Life has evolved from simple forms to more complex ones, and this has also been reflected in reproductive functions.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

Initially, reproduction was an individual multiplication process and the new individuals created in it had the exact same genetics as the parent individual.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

This type of reproduction is called asexual, or asexual reproduction, and remains the most common method of reproduction in unicellular organisms, although it is also found in some multicellular organisms.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

In asexual reproduction, the genetic material of a new individual comes from two other individuals.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

Intermediate forms of asexual and asexual reproduction also exist.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

For example, bacteria mostly reproduce completely asexually, but may transfer their own genetic material to another individual via pilus.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

The determining difference between asexual and asexual reproduction lies in the way genetic material is processed.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

Typically, before asexual reproduction, a reproducing cell doubles its genetic information and then the cell divides.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

This process of cell division is called mitosis.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

In asexual reproduction, a similar distribution of genetic information prior to actual reproduction is called meiosis.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

In diploid organisms, meiosis is divided into subtraction division and equalization division.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

Subtraction is due to the fact that genetic information does not double in each generation in a group of two gametes, i.e. the genetic information normally contained in the cell is halved.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

During the reduction division occurs mm.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

factor change and termination of counterchromosomes in different germ cells.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

As a result of meiosis, four new gametes are created.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

In more convoluted organisms, the organs that specialize in producing and reproducing gametes are called genitals.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

In many organisms, especially animals, sexual differentiation is observed, i.e. the division of individuals into female and male sides.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

According to an article published in Nature, gender should be understood as a spectrum rather than ambivalent gender in the thirds of male-female genders, because the gender of the individual is not explicitly always divisible into male or female, thus speaking of intersex [4].


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

The concept of intersex encompasses a number of disorders of sex development and genital anomalies, namely malformations, whereby the genitals conflict with sex determined by the gonads or sex chromosomes [5].


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

The sex called the female usually lays eggs or gives birth to chicks, but for example, males of seahorses carry and give birth to chicks.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

Evolutionary history of asexual reproduction Asexual reproduction probably evolved about a billion years ago in single-celled eukaryotes.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

The reasons for this development are still debated today.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

Some hypotheses include that asexual reproduction causes hereditary variation and, consequently, greater reproductive success.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

Asexual reproduction is characteristic only of eukaryotes, that is, organisms whose cells contain the nucleus and mitochondrion.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

In addition to animals, there is asexual reproduction on plants, fungi and other eukaryotes.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

Some bacteria use conjugation to transfer the lineage from one individual to another.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

Although it is a phenomenon distinct from asexual reproduction, there is an admixture of genetic traits.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

The defining characteristic of asexual reproduction in eukaryotes are differences between gametes, as well as the binary of the fertilization event.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

The germ cells of the third type are unknown.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

Even in organisms with more than two sexes - for example, in lash animals with seven sexes and sponges where 36,000 sexes have been found, reproduction always occurs binary between two individuals.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

While sex evolution appears to extend to the early stages of eukaryotes” existence, it is unclear when sex differentiation on the basis of sex chromosomes began.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

No common genes are known between the ZW determination system expressed in birds, butterflies, some fish and crustaceans and the XY determination system expressed in mammals and some insects and plants.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

When studying human and poultry chromosomes, it has been shown that the sex chromosome Z found in birds corresponds to the 9th autosome in humans.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

This suggests that the XY and ZW systems of determination have evolutionarily different origins and sex chromosomes are initially differentiated from autosomes.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

A study that appeared in 2004 has compared the Z chromosome in poultry to the X chromosome of aquatic pigtails and concluded that the two share a common origin.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

Biological sex characteristics The simplest sex system is hermaphroditism, in which an individual produces both male and female sex gametes.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

This is true for snails, for example.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

However, in most cases, sex differentiation has resulted in each individual producing only male or female sex gametes.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

The biological reason for the differentiation of individuals into different sexes is called sex determination.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

In some species, such as Caenorhabditis elegans, two sexes are known, which are a hermaphrodite producing germ cells of both sexes, as well as the male.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

Sometimes the sex of an organism develops between the female and male into a cache - condition, which is called intersex.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

Although intersex are sometimes referred to as hermaphrodites, unlike hermaphroditism, intersex is a rare exception and these individuals are generally not fertile to both sexes unlike hermaphrodites.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

The human sex is always, in the early stages of development, biologically female.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

Masculinization occurs during 12—20 weeks of gestation [6] if the human body develops in the direction of the typical male sex.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

Some people are also known to have a tendency to develop anatomically male only after 12 years of age [7].


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

Genetic and chromosomal determination of sex In genetic sex determination, genes inherited by an individual determine its sex.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

Genetic sex determination is usually disproportionately dependent on the inherited sex chromosomes that determine the sex of an organism.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

In these cases, sex is determined by the presence or absence of any particular sex chromosome or the number of sex chromosomes.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

Because genetic sex determination is caused by chromosomes, the result is usually equal numbers of male and female individuals.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

Humans and other mammals have a sex determination system dependent on XY chromosomes: in this case, the Y chromosome contains the SRY gene (SEX-determining Region Y), which triggers the development of the organism into a canine, that is, testicular development and testosterone production.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

Otherwise (including when an organism has XY chromosomes but its SRY gene is missing or inactive) the organism will develop into a female.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

Individuals may develop canine sex gonads even if they lack a Y chromosome, if a functioning SRY gene is present.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

These cases are caused by factor switching (crossing-over) in sex chromosomes.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

In humans, sex is determined by primary sex characteristics, that is, five characteristics present at birth: the Y chromosome or absence thereof, the type of gonads, sex hormones, and internal and external genitalia.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

The XY determination system is also found in other animals such as the banana fly and some plants.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

However, in some cases, such as the banana fly, sex is determined by the number of X chromosomes and not by the presence or absence of the Y chromosome.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

In birds, the sex determination system is ZW-type, meaning sex determination depends on the W chromosome present in females or absence thereof.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

In this case, the W chromosome contains those genes that cause the organism to differentiate into a female.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

Such a system of sex determination is also found in the vast majority of day and night butterflies.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

In both the XY and ZW determination system, the sex chromosome that causes sex determination is significantly smaller of the two and contains almost solely the genes needed for sex differentiation.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

Many insects exhibit an X0-type sex determination system.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

In it, the number of sex chromosomes causes gender differentiation and 0 indicates the absence of a sex chromosome.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

All other chromosomes are diploid in these organisms, but they inherit one or two X chromosomes.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

For example, in field crickets, inheriting a single X chromosome causes the organism to develop into a canine.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

In worms belonging to “C. elegans”, their sex chromosomes diploid are self-fertilizing hermaphrodites and those individuals with a single sex chromosome are males.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

Half of the offspring of these dogs are pro-dog.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

Many other insects such as bees and ants exhibit haplodiploid sex determination.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

In this case, individuals developing from fertilized eggs with a double chromosome are females and, accordingly, from unfertilized eggs, individuals with a simple chromosome develop into males.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

Such a system of sex determination results in very mismatched numbers of individuals of different genders.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

Non-genetic determination of sex In many species, sex is determined not by inherited traits but by environmental factors experienced during or later in pre-birth development.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

Many reptiles exhibit temperature-dependent sex determination during the fetal stage.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

For example, in some species of turtles, egg brewing at lower temperatures leads to differentiation of the fetus into canine.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

This critical temperature difference can only be 1—2 °C at its smallest.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

Many species of fish change their sex during their lives.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

The phenomenon is known as periodic hermaphroditism.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

In anemone fish, the smaller specimens are male and the largest and dominant individual in the flock becomes the female.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

The opposite phenomenon occurs in wrasses — all individuals are born female and become canine once they reach a certain size.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

Some ferns are always prima facie hermaphrodites.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

However, as they grow in soils that have previously produced hermaphrodites individuals, they develop canine as a reaction to hormones to which they have previously been exposed.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

Gender dimorphism Many animals exhibit differences between the male and female sexes in characteristics unrelated to reproduction such as size, coloration, and behavior.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

This phenomenon is called gender dimorphism and these traits secondary sex characteristics.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

Sex characteristics can be primary (primary), i.e., reproductive and secondary (secondary), that is, directly unrelated to reproduction.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

The opposite of gender dimorphism is gender onomorphism.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

Secondary signs of sexual perception in humans include greater size and hairiness in men, as well as female breasts, wider hips and proportionally higher body fat content.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

In many other species, the differences are greater as an extreme example of an angler fish, which the small-sized males of the species would parasitize on the flank of the female.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

[8] In animals, gender dimorphism is often associated with sex selection, i.e. competition between representatives of the same sex in attempts to mate with representatives of the opposite sex.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

Dog deers, for example, use their horns in physical clashes between representatives of the same sex, where there is competition to see who gets to mate with females.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

In most mammals, the male is the bulkier sex.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

Large sex size differences within the same species have been linked to the polygamy of the species, possibly due to hardened competition between males larger than females, for example in sea elephants.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

In general, the sexual preferences of females govern sex selection, for example in peacocks.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

In many fish and invertebrates, the female is the bulkier sex.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

This may be because they produce a very large number of gametes and bulky females produce more ova than smaller individuals.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

For example, a black widow female is usually twice the size of a dog.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

There is some evidence that in these species, gender size differences are tied to sex chromosomes or chemical communication on the part of females.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

In birds, males tend to be more colourful than females and have other secondary sex characteristics such as a large tail, which may cause evolutionary harm to the species.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

For example, bright color hinders merging with the habitat.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

One explanation for this phenomenon is the concept of a disability printer created by Israeli biologist Amotz Zahav.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

According to it, coping with an evolutionarily unfavorable trait languages the female about the viability of the male, and this viability would also be inherited in the dog to daughters who do not manifest this evolutionarily disadvantageous trait themselves.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

External anatomical sex characteristics of the body allow intercourse and act as transmitters of erotic signals in sexual communication, for example [9].


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

Studies of human genders have found different cognitive and behavioral differences.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

However, it is not always clear to what extent gender differences are a result of biological and to what extent social sex. [10].


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

Hormonal effects on sex characteristics Gender characteristics are influenced by estrogen and testosterone [11] [12].


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

See also Human Gender Gender Determination Social Sex Transgender and Other Gender Sexuality Sources Literature Literature Lobby, Pertti et al.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

(ed.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

): Heredity Medicine.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

Huddersfield: Duodecim, 2007.


Question: How is factor switching defined?

Sex

* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Traffic light control is used to control traffic, and the colors are red, yellow and green.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Its main objectives are to improve the safety and smoothness of transport.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Traffic lights are normally used at intersections, but often elsewhere, for example, to allow pedestrians a safe road crossing.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The basic components of traffic lights are the traffic light instrument, signage, poles and indicators, as well as cabling connecting the various parts.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The location of the control instrument for the lights is determined by the equipment used: often it is outside near the lights.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Central control and remote control computers, on the other hand, are usually in the office that looks after the lights.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

In Finland, traffic lights are operated mostly by cities and municipalities; a small part of the lights are operated by ELY centres.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

General in Finland, the Traffic Light Regulation stipulates that traffic lights may only be used on roads where the maximum speed is 70 km/h or lower.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[1] Traffic lights are alerted, if necessary, by a traffic sign number.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

It is used if traffic lights cannot be easily detected from a distance enough, or if their position is exceptional, or if the lights are first when approaching a section of road or area with more traffic lights.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[2] Traffic lights are also a means of traffic management, as they can affect, for example, traffic volumes and route selection by road movers using the transport network.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Building traffic lights reduces the risk of accidents by 30per cent.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[3] Traffic lights can improve not only safety but also equity: joining a busy main thoroughfare laterally or crossing a bus along a crosswalk would often be hopeless without traffic lights.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Occasionally, a better option than traffic lights is a circular connection.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Circular junctions have a low risk of serious accidents and may have a higher transmission capability at the same lanes than at traffic light crossings.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[4] For example, in the Dutch town of Drachten, it is a project to remove all traffic lights from the city and have been replaced, for example, for circular interfaces.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Among other things, the consequence has been a reduction in traffic fatalities.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[5] [6] Circular interfaces require a lot of space, however, and are often expensive to build.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Annual maintenance measures for the lights, in addition to normal checks, include replacement of incandescent lamps and washing of lenses on signage lenses.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[7] In addition to laws and regulations, international standards are also imposed on traffic lights.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[8] History Traffic control was needed even before automobiles became widespread.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Initially, traffic police officers directed horse-drawn carriages and other road-movers at intersections.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The first system similar to traffic lights was installed in London before the automobile era, in 1868.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[9] It was a lantern powered by gas, with red and green lights in the same meanings as today.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The device was hand-operated.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The situation got worse as cars appeared on the roads.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

In the 1910s, several versions of traffic lights emerged in the United States, many of which were not patent applied for.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The section had only red and green lights, the section said “Stop” and “Go.”


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[10] Local police officer William L. Potts of Detroit, Michigan, decided to tackle the problem and develop their own version of the signage already in use on the railroad for road traffic.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

One challenge was that trains only move along straight lines, cars again in many directions.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

However, Potts assembled working traffic lights from the red, yellow and green lights used on the railway, as well as a wire and electronic control system.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

They were installed in Detroit in 1920, and after a year the city already had 15 traffic lights.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[9] Around the same time in Cleveland, Ohio, inventor Garrett Morgan was thinking about how traffic flows could be regulated.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

He developed an electric and automatic traffic light system.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Morgan's traffic lights looked more like semaphores at railway junctions today than current traffic lights.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

In 1918, a patent was applied for the first traffic lights in the United States.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[9] Morgan's patent was acquired by General Electric Corporation, which acquired a monopoly on the construction of traffic lights.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[9] The first traffic lights in Finland came in the middle of the 20th century when Finland's first lights were installed in Helsinki at the junction of Aleksanterinkatu and Mikonkatu on 5 October 1951 [11].


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Second in Finland, traffic lights came into use at the edge of Turku Market Square in 1957 [12].


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

In Tampere, traffic lights were installed three years later at the intersection of Independence Street and Tammela Puistokatu.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[13] Colors and their meaning General Vehicle traffic light signage consists of three signal units with colours from top to bottom: red yellow green The traffic light signal can also be placed horizontally so that the red signal unit is on the left.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[14] The signal can also consist of only one or two signalling units.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The different modes of the signage are designated as signage images.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

For example, a “green signage image” means that only the green signage unit on the signage is lit.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Arrow-shaped signage images usually control swivel driving directions.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The diameter of the light aperture is 200 or 300mm for automotive lights, [14] of which 200mm is more common.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Small playback signage and bicycle signage has a light opening diameter of 80mm.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[14] The order of change of traffic lights in Finland and many other countries is as follows: red — red and yellow — green — yellow — red.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

In some countries, for example France, the United States and Canada, the light changes from red directly to green.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

During the red signage photo, the motorist is not allowed to pass the main signage or the stop line.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[15] Traffic lights are only allowed to drive red if there is an alarm vehicle in the back which would not otherwise be able to continue its journey.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[16] In the United States, with the exception of New York City, it is permitted at traffic lights to turn right after stopping, even if the red light is lit — as long as the turns take account of other people on the road.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[17] The exception is crossings where this is separately prohibited by the “No turn on red” additional shield.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Similarly, in New York City, the court is told with an additional shield that says “Turn right on red.”


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The red-yellow signal image with the red and yellow signal unit burning at the same time indicates that the light will soon turn green.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[15] They burn for 1—1.5 seconds.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[18] During the green signal image, the stop line is allowed to skip and join the drive in compliance with the dodging rules.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

For example, a car turning at an intersection needs to swerve pedestrians and, when turning left, possibly oncoming traffic.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[15] During the yellow signal image, the stop line or main signal may be passed only if the vehicle has already reached such a distance that it cannot be safely stopped before them.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[15] Depending on the speed limit, the duration of the yellow light is from 3 to 5 seconds, at 40-50km/h three seconds, at 60km/h 4 seconds, and from 70km/h up to 5 seconds.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[18] Additional signage, arrow lights, have a slightly different variation: For example, a two-aperture auxiliary signal changes in the following order: dark — green — yellow — dark.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[18] In Russia there is often a green number screen below traffic lights, which shows in seconds how long the green light will still be on.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

With red and yellow lights, this screen is dark.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Special cases Flashing yellow signal (yellow flasher) indicates that light control is temporarily disabled.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[19] The cause may be, for example, technical failure or alarm vehicle control.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The lights must be programmed so that if a red lamp breaks from any signal (not applicable to all individual playback signals), the light control switches to the yellow signal.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[20] When the lights are flashing, special care should be taken.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[21] In this case, traffic signs and normal dodging rules are complied with at the junction.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

At less-frequented intersections in North America, traffic lights are often switched on at night time for either yellow or red signal.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Special care should be taken when approaching the yellow flasher and the crossing must be crossed without stopping.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

A red flasher means practically the same thing as a stop sign, meaning the intersection is allowed to cross after stopping.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[22] [23] Efforts are being made to design and construct traffic lights in such a way that they can be in use at all times.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

However, traffic lights may, at discretion, be switched off, for example at night, so that all signage is dark.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[19] White ticks on the light holes indicate that traffic lights are under construction or renovation and are therefore not in use.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[19] If vehicle signals are not in use, pedestrian signage shall also be switched off.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[24] In some cases special lights may be installed above the driving lanes to advise on how to use the lanes: [25] the red cross says the lane is closed yellow flashing oblique arrow-shaped light tells you that the front lane is closed or the light is changing to red, so motorist must move into a lane above which is lit green light green downward arrow light tells you the lane is in use Running on red lights Crossing the intersection is prohibited everywhere.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

In some states of the United States, crossing to an intersection by yellow lights is also prohibited.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Notwithstanding the former, some countries, for example in the United States, have a so-called free right policy (eng.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

right turn on red), according to which the intersection is allowed to drive carefully (often with a first stop) even when the red light is lit if you turn right (in right-hand traffic).


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

According to a 2006 study by Transport Security in Finland, when the lights changed every four times, one or two cars ran red.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[26] Traffic security has previously observed red light driving in larger cities in Finland.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

In a 2004 study, every six times when the lights changed, one car ran red.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[3] So in a couple of years the number has increased.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Helsingin Sanomat monitored at a few intersections in Helsinki how to follow the lights.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

According to its results, almost every other time the lights changed, someone ran a red light.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[27] Red light riders were regular passenger cars, because during the test no bus, truck or motorcycle went to the red crossings and the taxi only once.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[27] Often at the same time more than one car could run a red light, but pedestrians seemed to have learned to beware.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[27] As a reason for walking red faces, pedestrians say haste or bad weather, in which case it is not nice to stand waiting for the lights to change.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[26] Also, motorists often blame the rush or the fact that they did not notice the lights.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[26] Sometimes red lights may be run accidentally, for example because of glare.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[3] The real and common reason may also be too high speed, which causes you no longer to stop when a red light comes on.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[26] Stopping is therefore perceived as slowing down the journey.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

In general, the higher the speed a car has, the more likely it is to run a red light.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[3] There are a couple of places in California using smart traffic lights that can detect if someone is speeding and start switching to red much earlier than normal.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[28] In Finland, the equivalent has also been tried (e.g. Uusikaupunki Shipbuilderantie), but due to conflicting safety and fluidity effects, the use of the method has been abandoned.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

For pedestrians, running a red light is a risk.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The chance of surviving when a car is struck is clearly reduced when the car's speed exceeds 40km/h.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[3] Children in particular tend to rely on the fact that when a green light burns on themselves, no car will threaten their safety.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[3] Based on studies in Australia, Singapore and the United States, crashes and crash injuries are reduced by 30% when traffic lights have camera monitoring for those driving red lights.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[29] Surveillance cameras have been particularly in use in Europe since the 1970s.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

In the United States, the introduction of cameras has been advocated in studies by 2/3 of the population, in large cities up to 3/4.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[29] Signalling and their placement at the intersection General All entry directions and crosswalks of the traffic light junction shall be light-controlled.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[30] An exception is a structurally (usually curbstone) separated minor input direction such as, say, a plot interface [30] and, under certain conditions, also a right-turning direction (“free right”).


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[31] Using the free right requires certain geometric conditions to be met, so it cannot be used for nearly all interfaces.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Efforts are always made to place traffic light signals so that their observability is as good as possible and the likelihood of compliance with false signals as low as possible.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[32] Traffic light signals are normally installed on traffic light poles at a height of 2 to 4,5m, the signage above the carriageway and the repetition signage on the same post as the main signage may be at different heights.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[33] The placement height of small repetition signage ranges from 1.2 to 1,5m above the roadway surface.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[33] Signalling is always mounted vertically, except for signage above the roadway (for example in a portal or bridge), which can also be mounted horizontally.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The red signal unit must then be on the left.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

In different countries, signage is placed in slightly different ways.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

In Finland it is rare to place signage hanging on wires above the road, in other parts of the world it is more common.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

In Japan, South Korea, Mexico, and several states in the United States, traffic light signage is placed horizontally above the road, and there may still be vertical playback signage in addition to them.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The following investment principles are mainly concerned with Finland and some other European countries.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Main signage The main signal for traffic lights is the first signal in the direction of entry.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

It will tell you whether to join driving is allowed.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[34] It is placed at or slightly thereafter on the right-hand side of the carriageway, or above the carriageway in exceptional cases, [35] from where it can be seen further away.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

However, the main signage for traffic in the non-rightmost lane is placed on the left side of that carriageway at the center podium or above the lane.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Some intersections do not have a painted stop line, with the main signage or crosswalk indicating where the car is stopped.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Repeat Signals Each main signage has one or more repetition signals in accordance with the number of driving lanes.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[34] Their function is to show the motorist who stopped at the lights at the main signal or stop line the change of light from red to green.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[34] A repeat signal is placed before the intersection after the crosswalk or behind the intersection.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

It is usually placed in relation to the direction of travel on the other side of the carriageway than the main signage, at a point where it is easily discernible from the stop line; in a single-lane entry direction, signage may be on the same side.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[36] The playback signal may also include a smaller than normal signal, placed on the same post as the main signal so that motorists can see it more easily.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[34] This will reduce the need for the construction of poles and podiums due to traffic lights, which can be useful, especially in downtown areas.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

On major routes or manyeach input directions, it is not allowed to use only a small repetition signal as a repetition signal; one can only be used to complement a normal size signal.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[36] Additional signage, i.e. arrow lights, may be placed next to normal three-hole circular light signals or “arrow lights”.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Additional signage is single- and double-aperture; they have either green alone or green and yellow lights.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

However, arrow lights also exist as three-apertures.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

In Finland, the traffic light regulation dictates when arrow lights can be used and when they are allowed to light any colour.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The arrow-shaped signage shows that there is no traffic to dodge in that direction, i.e. that the lights in other directions are in red at the same time.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[37] If only a round light is shown, turning cars will dodge either cars going directly or those travelling in the crosswalk.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

A single- or double-opening signage can be used to continue the green light to the right before or to the left after the start of the main stage.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[38] In three-hole auxiliary signage, the red light changes to green only when needed, so single-aperture ones are more flexible — although three-aperture ones are more common because of their safety.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[38] Two-opening auxiliary signage is usually used only when maneuvering right turns, whose green it lengthens and thereby smoothes traffic heading in that direction.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[39] The junction may turn to the right when the round light or arrow light or both is lit green, so even when the round lights are red and the green arrow is lit.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

This increases the fluidity of traffic.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The arrow on the auxiliary signal changes to green before turning round green or this is already in red.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[39] In Denmark, for example, arrow lights are only single and three-aperture, not two-aperture.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[40] LED lights The signage usually uses incandescent and low voltage lamps, nowadays often including LEDs ().


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

LED signage is longer lasting than incandescent lamps: they last up to 8-10 years without replacement, consume less energy than incandescent lamps, and above all, have significantly better perceptibility in sunshine, for example.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[41] In Stockholm the LED bulbs have already been changed to all traffic lights, in Tallinn this is not going to be done.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[41] In Finland, LED signage is increasing in many places as old traffic lights are renewed or completely new ones are built.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

In Helsinki, LED traffic lights are gradually being installed at 80 intersections, or one fifth of all traffic lights in the city.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[42] Tampere has LED signage added to all new traffic lights, which have also been changed to replace the old ones [43].


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The Road Administration uses LED signage for new and renovated traffic lights.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

If all the lights were renewed at once, then the cost would outweigh the money accrued from energy saving.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[42] In Finland, LED light signals have also been introduced in the warning facilities of the latest railway level crossings.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Pedestrian lights General At a traffic light-controlled exit with a crosswalk or bike path, light traffic is controlled by pedestrian signage.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

In Finland, as in many other countries, there is a pedestrian depicted on pedestrian signage who stands in a red signage photo and walks in a green signage.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

In some countries, the signage is also accompanied by a yellow pedestrian.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

When the red light is burning, the pedestrian should not cross the roadway, on the green one gets.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[44] The diameter of the light opening is 200mm.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[44] For example, in the United States, pedestrian lights have the texts Don't walk (“Don't Go”) and Walk (“Go”) instead of people.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

If there is no crosswalk and no pedestrian signage, pedestrians follow the vehicle signage of their direction of travel.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[44] The pedestrian signage changes to green either with a fixed request, an accompanying request with vehicle traffic, or on its own request, i.e. by pressing a button.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

In addition to light signals, for controlling light traffic, to facilitate the movement of the visually impaired, voice signals are used.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The audio signal is most often housed in a push-button case or a separate buzzer case that does not have a push button.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[45] In Finland, a slow intermittent sound has been chosen to mean red light and a fast intermittent beep or knock sound for green light.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[46] Sound signals today know how to adjust their intensity according to ambient noise levels.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[45] If necessary, audio signals can be switched off for the night even if the traffic lights are otherwise in use.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[46] Some push-button boxes have a description of the lane count and center pitch of the section of the road to be crossed, some with an arrow to indicate the direction of crossing.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[45] Flashing green in Finland, like several other European countries, has increasingly moved to the use of flashing green in pedestrian signage, which is mentioned in the Vienna International Agreement on Traffic Lights and Signs.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[47] When a green pedestrian signal flashes after a solid green light, it means that the light signals on the crosswalk will soon change to red, [44] so only those moving quickly (> 2,0m/s) should leave to cross the street.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Most often, flashing green lengthens the green light for pedestrians, reducing waiting at red lights, and even those moving slowly make it across the street.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[47] Similarly, cyclists find out the light is changing point so they don't have to run a red light.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[47] However, even after the flashing green, there is a so-called red protection period in accordance with the length of the crosswalk, during which both vehicle signals and pedestrian signage in the intersecting directions are red.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[47] In Finland, the use of flashing green has been included in law since 2002.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Helsinki started using it with a waiver since 2000, and today there is already a flashing green in almost every pedestrian light.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Only on old control instruments dating back to the 1970s, you don't get it programmed.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[47] Flashing green has also been introduced in many other cities in Finland.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

In addition, the sound signals may be the same with red or green (with small snippets in part of the prism enclosures), but also medium-speed beeping or knocking.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Traffic lights for bicyclists General Some junctions with a separate bicycle lane or bike path separated from the carriageway may have their own, low-placed traffic light signage for bicyclists.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

In Finland, the signals have red, yellow and green signals as in vehicle signage [48] but the diameter of the light opening is 80mm.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[14] The bicycle signage is distinguishable from the small repetition signal of vehicles by having a white bicycle image on a blue background above.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[48] The signal is installed at a height of 1.2 to 2m above the road surface.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[49] Where there is a bicycle signage at the junction, bicyclists and moped riders must observe it.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[48] Otherwise they will have to follow pedestrian signage, but if they do not exist, vehicle signage will be followed.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[50] Bicycle signage is rare in Finland and their use is hardly increasing in these views.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

BEPOLITE Helsinki has the world's only so-called Bepolite system (B icycle E arly P ass o ver the Stop Li ne Te chnique) inthe world.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Its purpose is to reduce waiting at red lights.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The red signage image of the bicycle signage is displayed only for a short time, followed by a flashing yellow signage image.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

During flashing yellow, the cyclist is allowed to cross the crossing area with special attention, that is, with caution against pedestrians in the crosswalk who have a green light at the same time.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

BEPOLITE is in use in five locations in Helsinki.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

First it was installed in Market Square in 1996.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[51] Traffic light control methods General Traffic lights in car traffic can be programmed to change in different ways: for example, depending on the time of day or traffic situation.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Pedestrian lights are connected to the same system.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

They change at the same time as car traffic of some direction so that the road crossing is as safe as possible.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Alternatively, traffic lights may have what is known as a pedestrian phase, during which all pedestrian lights are green and vehicle directions are red.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Where no fixed request or peripheral request is specified for pedestrians, a change of lights may be requested with a push-button indicator.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Traffic lights are always programmed with a shelter time and a change time.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The protection period is always determined between traffic flows that are at risk of collision so that they cannot have a green light at the same time.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

I saw a green light at the final stage, during flashing green or during the yellow signal image, a car or pedestrian leaving the crossing before a car or pedestrian leaving the other direction at the start of the green could reach the crossing.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The change time is therefore the time from the end of the green light of the signal group that was green to the beginning of the green light of the next group.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The change time cannot be shorter than the protection period.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Also, at the end of the green light, a pedestrian leaving the road must reach either across the crosswalk or to the centre podium before the car coming from the intersecting direction can reach the scene.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[52] In addition to the following ways, other new ways such as SPOT have also been developed.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

In it, different traffic lights receive information from each other to try to reduce delays.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Another new way is fuzzy logic, which tends to act like a traffic police officer with all considerations into account.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[53] Separate control Separately controlled traffic lights do not change according to other traffic lights changing nearby, but independently.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

This aims to make the operation of the individual intersection as flexible as possible.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

For separately controlled lights, the rotation time varies: The duration of the different phases is not the same every time.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Separate control means practically the same as the traffic information control method, i.e. it takes into account the traffic situation at the intersection, and the operation of the lights is adjusted according to those entering the intersection.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Incoming traffic is observed by various traverse and presence detectors, walkers using push-buttons.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The detectors tell the instrument controlling the lights whether there is someone waiting at the red lights or if someone is coming to the green lights.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Traffic information control reduces unnecessary standing at red lights and increases the flexibility of light control.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Interconnection In interconnection, traffic lights at several intersections are interconnected, and their interchange is paced with each other.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

This aims to make the main direction of the road achieve as smooth driving as possible between intersections, namely a green wave.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The rotation time of lights at interconnected intersections is usually always the same, say 90s or 120s.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Territorial control is basically the same thing as interconnection.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Then the many traffic lights in the area are programmed to operate in such a way that the operation of the lights on the individual junction is influenced by the operation of other lights in the local area.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Linking Linking combines separate control and interconnection.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The lights basically operate independently, but take information from the next or previous light-controlled intersection, for example, approaching car queues.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

At linked intersections, the rotation time of the lights varies depending on the situation.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Time Control Time-controlled traffic lights operate according to the schedule programmed in them and do not take into account different traffic situations.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

In Tampere, for example, there are almost no time-controlled light crossings.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[53] Forced control has been developed for alarm vehicles.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

For alarm times, for example, from a fire station or a traffic control centre, forced control of specified traffic lights will be directed to the direction of the alert vehicles with green lights or alternatively the junctions are directed to a yellow signal.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

After the alarm vehicles have passed, the control of the intersection is manually restored to normal mode or automatically reset after a predetermined time.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Of the traffic light phases, something might go unrealized due to coercive steering.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Public transit benefit A public transit benefit is a mode of control programmed in lights that favors public transit, namely streetcars and buses.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

In the most sophisticated public transport benefit systems (such as Helsinki), public transport means are given a benefit only when necessary — if the trolley is ahead of schedule, the benefit may not be given.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Normally, if there is no separate public transport benefit at traffic lights, and the bus enters the lights moments after the light has changed to red, it will only get going when the light changes to green anyway.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

If a public transit benefit has been made to the lights, this will only be affected as public transport approaches the intersection.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Approach is identified by detectors connected to traffic lights.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The request detector is approximately 200 meters away before the intersection and the acknowledgement indicator immediately after the intersection.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Acknowledgement detector is used to observe e.g.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

variation in driving speed due to congestion or bad traffic and thus timely termination of preferential operation.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

This will maximise operational security and minimise harm to other traffic.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Identification can also be done by satellite positioning.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[54] The benefits of detectors include green extension, green extension and additional phase, which can also be combined.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[55] The extension of green is among the most common public transport benefits.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The trolley is detected by a request detector just before the green runs out, but then the green light returns long enough for the acknowledgement detector to detect that the carriage has caught the lights.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

There will be no extension if the carriage makes it to the junction during normal green light.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

If a trolley comes to the request detector too late to get a green extension, it may receive a green intent.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

This is when the green light in the direction of entry of the carriage starts to be lit earlier, allowing the carriage to get faster from the lights, and its journey time is reduced.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The intent is not without problems, as it cuts off the green light of the ongoing stage and shortens the green light for car traffic coming from the lateral.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

However, the minimum time for a pedestrian green light will not be reduced, so the pedestrian, despite the benefit, will make it to cross the street safely.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[54] An additional stage can also be added to the rotation of different phases of traffic lights.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

In it, public transport gets an extra ride opportunity between two stages showing red lights.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

It is usually short, which is why it is more suitable for trams running in its own lanes, extended also for buses.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

An alternative to the extra phase is to speed up the cycle of the lights when it does not accommodate an extra stage.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

In this case, all steps are made shorter than normal after detection of the bus to get the green light faster.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Again, this doesn't shorten the pedestrian green light.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

In some cases, different benefits may also be combined for buses coming from the same direction, but only if they do not block green lights from other directions.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

For example, only after a short extension, light can be brought forward because otherwise there would be insufficient time for those coming from the side.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The start or continuation of any benefit may also be prevented if, despite the benefit, the carriage does not make it through the intersection during the green light.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

This reduces the harm to other transport — an unnecessary benefit would also postpone the subsequent benefits.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[54] Traffic lights with benefits usually have an LED bright spot installed in the lower corner of the red signage.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

It allows public transport drivers and maintenance staff to observe the operation of the benefit: a bright spot tells the indication sent by the bus that received the system.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[55] For example, trunk line 550 operating in Helsinki and Espoo has been accelerated with public transport benefits.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Also, these lights are kind of a public transit benefit.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[55] In Tampere, benefits have been placed at two dozen crossings.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[55] In Finland, large cities have had the Jenka project, which aimed to get public transport benefits to each city.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[56] During the project, public transport benefits were developed for Syvari guidance.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The word is an abbreviation of the word pair “synchronized phase link” and this control method has been used in Finland for about twenty years.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[57] Under the scheme, public transport benefits are linked to a green wave.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

In Syvari control, traffic lights can be paced to green wave traffic light by shortening or lengthening the circulation.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Traditionally, pacing is done only by shortening the light cycle.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The downside of SYVAR is the large number of parameters, which makes it difficult to adjust the timing at intersections where there is a green wave.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Traditionally implemented traffic light benefits, timing adjustment can often be done with only one parameter.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

As traffic situation/traffic volumes change, the maintenance of the SYVARI system is significantly more difficult than the traditional benefit system.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Detectors General Traffic lights use a variety of detectors to identify vehicles moving on the road and stopping at lights.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[58] Detectors can be used very variously to adjust traffic light control.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

They allow the signal instrument to know from which direction it is necessary to get the light green and in which direction a longer than normal green light is needed.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Detectors are most often placed in each lane at least two: one at the feel of the stop line and the other further down to the input direction.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The furthest detectors can, on high-end lanes, be located up to 300m from the exit.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Detectors can also be used to calculate traffic.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[58] The most common types of detectors are loop detector, infrared detector, radar detector and push-button.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Of these, the first three are for vehicular traffic and push buttons for light traffic.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

In some cases, radar and infrared detectors are also used as light traffic detectors.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Loop As vehicle detectors, induction loop detectors are mainly used today.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

These are installed as pre-intersection passage detectors and presence detectors to feel stop lines.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Presence detectors shall detect both the car that has stopped in front of the stop line and the car that has crossed the detector.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

If, for some reason, the car has not passed over the passage indicator and does not stop at a normal place on top of the presence loop, the light may not turn green.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[58] A loop is a coil formed from a rubber cable that is installed under the coating, either before coating or later by dipping it into a groove sawn into the coating and covering the groove with bitumen.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Cables are usually installed as either a rectangle or an eight-shaped indicator.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

A weak current is introduced into the loops, creating a magnetic field at the site of the loop.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

When a metal vehicle enters the magnetic field, i.e. on top of the loop, the detector amplifier in the traffic light instrument detects a change in the magnetic field and asks for the light to turn green.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[58] If a change exceeds a preset threshold value, the change shall be interpreted as an expression.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Because a motorcycle and moped have less metal than a car, the loop may not always notice them.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[59] Infrared detector The infrared detector works by monitoring changes in thermal radiation — vehicles are warmer than their environment.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

It is mounted on a traffic light or lamp pole, from where it can detect the car usually no more than 20m away.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[58] The infrared detector can be used as a passage detector to detect moving targets or as presence detectors.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Radars, or microwave detectors Radar detectors resemble infrared detectors in appearance, although normally larger in size.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Also, radars are installed on poles or portals.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Radars detect moving targets even at a distance of nearly 100 meters.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

They are able to distinguish between incoming and exiting traffic in their area of expression.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[58] Radar may not detect the smallest vehicles, such as motorcycles, if their speed is low, i.e. less than 5km/h.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[59] Push buttons Push button is the most reliable indicator for light traffic monitoring.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[58] It allows the control instrument to detect movers and realises that a green light is needed for the crosswalk.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

If the interface has push-buttons, there is also always a wait light in the push-button case.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

As the Wait Light burns, the pedestrian signage is soon turning green and no push button needs to be pressed.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[45] If the wait light is not lit and the pedestrian signage is red, green is requested by pressing a button.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

For pedestrians, a green light can come from a button with your own request, a peripheral request or a fixed request.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The method used is selected according to traffic volumes and the degree of load at the intersection and may vary depending on the time of day.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[45] Vehicle traffic in the main direction is smoother if the green of the crosswalk crossing the main direction comes at its own request, i.e. only when there is someone heading across the road and presses a button.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[45] This is most often done in the evenings and nights, in some quieter places at all times of the day.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[45] As a peripheral request, programmed crosswalk green comes when parallel vehicular traffic or crosswalk across the street receives a green light.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

This option is not common, because the crosswalk then requires a long green and a shelter period, where the unnecessary green delays other traffic.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[45] The accompanying request is used especially when the vehicle green in the main direction lasts for a long time anyway.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

In this case, there is no significant inconvenience in turning the crosswalk green, even if there is no light traffic just then.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

With a fixed request, the crosswalk green changes to itself regularly during the cycle of lights, [45] even if no one has pressed the button or wants to cross the road.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

In New York City, for example, push-buttons still exist on traffic light poles, but they are no longer in use because buttons installed in the 1970s would no longer have worked with the shift in the city to computer control of traffic lights.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[60] Light-controlled railway level crossing At a level crossing, warning of an approaching train is carried out by means of track circuits built into the track.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

There are three track circuits to establish the direction of entry of the train and a warning to cut off after the train crosses the level crossing.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The warning is automatically switched in the direction of travel of the train when the front axle enters the area of the track circuit.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

A white flashing light tells you that the boom plant is powered on, and the train is presumably not coming, however the equipment may also fail, so caution cannot be overly emphasized.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

However, when approaching a railway level crossing, one must always prepare to stop, as when a white flashing light burns, the level crossing must be crossed as well as an unattended level crossing - at different times with the train.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

A red flashing light — or two lights side-by-side alternately — warns the result of a train or other device moving on the tracks, and the line must not be crossed, despite the fact that the visible section of the railway appears to be empty at that moment.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

In addition to light control, a level crossing also often features half- or full-booms that descend into the crossdirection of the carriageway to prevent access from the driving lane to the track.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

In places where the railway level crossing is very close to the traffic light junction, information can be exchanged between the safety device and the traffic light instrument.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

This will allow traffic lights to operate as smoothly as possible in situations where, for example, a train or other rail equipment is running over one junction branch.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Drawbridge advance and warning lights Main article: Vääksy canal Generally in Finland, canals and associated drawbridges have their own kind of warning.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The operation of the warning facility starts by pressing the button or automatic bridges automatically.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

In general, the “driving direction” of the drawbridge, or right, is equipped with a three-gap light signal similar to light warning facilities found at level crossings.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

It has two red and one orange signage image.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The newlyweds' lane, on the other hand, is usually equipped with two aperture (red and orange) signage.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

An early warning facility usually consists of a single flashing orange signage that flashes throughout the drawbridge during the lifting, and lowering process.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

It is placed approx.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

200 yards from the bridge.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The warning facility consists of one or two red signals as well as one orange signage.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The warning facility is dark in normal circumstances when the bridge is not being raised or lowered.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

When the bridge starts the ascent, and the landing process it goes through the next steps.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

However, the amounts of seconds may vary depending on different bridges.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The early warning light turns on and flashes throughout the process.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

At the same time, the warning facility also switches on to flash orange.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

This step lasts approx.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

10 seconds.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The warning facility switches on a continuous burning orange light.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

This takes approx.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

4 seconds.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The warning facility switches to the red.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

In two-hole warning facilities for continuous or flashing, in three-hole alternating flashing.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The sound warning facility is also switched on.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

This step lasts approx.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

10 seconds.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

the warning facility will continue in the red, the sound warning will continue and now booms will also descend and turn on them to flash red attention lights.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

At this stage it takes approx.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

3 seconds.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The bridge rises approx.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

In 10 seconds.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The bridge counts approx.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

6 seconds from now after the bridge reaches its elementary position, the booms rise.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

When the booms are up, the sound warning switches off and the warning facility flashes orange approx.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

5 seconds.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The warning facility and early warning facility will be switched off.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Public Transport Own Lights Tram traffic lights Trams are controlled either by car traffic traffic lights or by their own lights if controlled separately from other traffic.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

In Finland and other Nordic countries, trams' own lights are white.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Among them, the uppermost signal (stop) is a pattern in the shape of the letter S, the middle (note) is the horizontal line, and the bottom (drive) is the arrow in the direction of travel, that is, straight forward or to the side.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[61] Bus wildlights Buses usually run according to the traffic lights of automobile traffic.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

In Finland, the transverse service between Helsinki and Espoo runs a regular trunk line 550 (ex.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

the Joker line), for which there are also its own traffic lights.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Similar “jokerlights” also exist in Helsinki Viikki and Tampere.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The Viikki lights were introduced in 2002 and were Finland's first.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[62] The lights allow the bus coming from the lateral to enter the main street smoothly while the lights are used to stop traffic on intersecting roads as the trunk line bus approaches.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[63] The wild lights correspond in appearance to the three-hole light signage at level crossings.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

They are placed 10—20 metres from the junction and are operational only when the bus approaches.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

The rest of the time they are dark.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[63] The order of change of lights is as follows: flashing yellow — solid yellow — two solid red lights — flashing yellow light.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

[63] In Helsinki, buses on tram rails also follow tram traffic lights in some individual locations.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Tram lights Tram lights resemble wildlights in all other respects, but their double red flashes in the same way as at level crossings.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

One such lights are at the point where the tramway rails cross Pasilankatu.


Question: Who invented traffic lights?

Traffic light control

Methods of controlling other modes of transport Railways have its own kind of signage, the operation of which differs from the light control of road traffic.