Question: What is the surface area of the Saka?

Germany

[41] The armed forces German Defence Forces, or Bundeswehr, are about 250,000 men strong and consist of land forces (Heer), air force (Luftwaffe) and naval forces (Deutsche Marine).


Question: What is the surface area of the Saka?

Germany

Of these, 55,000 are conscripts performing nine months' long service.


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Germany

[42] German special forces include the KSK (Kommando SpezialKräfte).


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Germany

Germany abandoned universal conscription in 2011.


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Germany

[43] Germany has a number of US military bases in which a total of more than 50,000 US troops serve.


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Germany

At the beginning, the forces were occupying forces, but in 1955 Germany gained limited sovereignty, and the force became allied forces.


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Germany

In the early 1950s, troop numbers were increased to 2500, but since the fall of the Berlin Wall, the United States has withdrawn its troops.


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Germany

However, the headquarters of its European-based air forces remains in Germany.


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Germany

[44] Administrative regions The Federal Republic of Germany is a federal state consisting of 16 Länder ().


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Germany

These states are: Baden-Württemberg Bavaria (Bayern) Berlin (Berlin) Brandenburg Bremen Hamburg (Hamburg) Hessen Mecklenburg-Etu-Pomerania (Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania) Lower Saxony (Lower Saxony) North Rhine-Westphalia Rhineland-Palatinate Saarland Saxony (Saxony) Saxe-Anhalt (Saxony-Anhalt) Schleswig-Holstein Thuringia after the establishment of the German Federal Republic of Thuringia are Baden, Württemberg-Baden and Württemberg-Hohenzollern, which in 1952 were merged into the present state of Baden-Württemberg.


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Germany

[45] The largest of the states by area is Bavaria, which accounts for one fifth of Germany's area.


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Germany

The largest state in terms of population, however, is North Rhine-Westphalia with 18 million inhabitants.


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Germany

Bremen is the smallest state in terms of both area and population.


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Germany

[46] Some states are divided into administrative districts (Regierungsbezirke).


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Germany

Administrative areas lower than the state and administrative district are the districts (Landkreise) and the boroughless towns (kreisfreie Städte).


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Germany

There are 295 districts in Germany and 107 districts without siege.


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Germany

The districts are further divided into municipalities (Gemeinde), of which there are just over 11,000.


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Germany

More than 2,000 of the municipalities are cities (Stadt).


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Germany

Economy Germany's purchasing power adjusted gross domestic product is the fifth largest in the world after the U.S., China, India and Japan.


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Germany

[47] Germany is Europe's largest national economy and is often seen as the economic driver of the European Union.


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Germany

The total value of exports was the largest in the world until 2009, when China overtook Germany.


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Germany

[48] Exports account for a third of Germany's national income.


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Germany

The most significant export products are vehicles, machinery, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, electronics, food and textiles.


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Germany

The main export destination countries include France, the United States, Britain, the Netherlands, Italy, Austria and Belgium.


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Germany

[3] Well-known publicly traded companies include Adidas, Allianz, BASF, Bayer, BMW, Daimler, Deutsche Bank, Deutsche Post, Deutsche Telekom, E.ON, MAN, ThyssenKrupp, Siemens and Volkswagen.


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Germany

One of Germany's important companies is Trumpf, which makes steelworking tools.


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Germany

In 2016, the year-on-year change in Germany's gross domestic product was +1.9%.


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Germany

In crisis year 2009, the figure was -5.6%; since then the economy has grown again.


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Germany

[49] Germany's share of the global economy has been slowly declining, as with other Western countries.


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Germany

In the second half of the 2010s, it has accounted for three per cent of global GDP.


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Germany

[2] Germany's most significant natural resources are coal, copper, lignite, natural gas, nickel, potash, wood, iron ore, salt and uranium, as well as building materials, timber and farmland.


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Germany

[3] Germany is set to phase out nuclear power by 2022.


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Germany

[50] Agriculture contributes 0.9% of Germany's GDP and employs 2.4% of the labour force.


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Germany

Its products include potatoes, wheat, barley, sugar beet, fruits, cabbages, cattle, pigs and poultry.


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Germany

[3] The unemployment rate in Germany is 5 per cent (September 2017).


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Germany

Unemployment is lowest in the south; unemployment in the former GDR region has fallen but remains above average.


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Germany

[51] Germany has a strong current account in surplus.


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Germany

[2] Germany has 1% of the world workforce, but Germany accounts for 10% of world exports.


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Germany

[52] Science Heidelberg University is founded in 1386.


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Germany

It is the oldest university in Germany and one of the oldest in Europe.


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Germany

The largest university in the country by number of students is the Hagen Remote University.


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Germany

A total of 376 higher education institutions operate in Germany.


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Germany

[53] Numerous German scholars have been awarded the Nobel Prize.


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Germany

The most famous of them were Max Planck (physics, 1918), Albert Einstein (physics, 1921), Werner Heisenberg (physics, 1932) and Otto Hahn (chemistry, 1944).


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Germany

[54] Other naturalists: Born, Bosch, Bunsen, Ertl, Fahrenheit, Gauss, Hertz, Hilbert, von Humboldt, Kepler, Ohm, Röntgen.


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Germany

Several famous philosophers such as Engels, Habermas, Hegel, Heidegger, Husserl, Kant, Leibniz, Marx, Nietzsche and Schopenhauer have influenced the country.


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Germany

German inventors include Benz, von Braun, Daimler, Diesel, Gutenberg, Lilienthal, von Linde, Otto, von Siemens, Zuse and Wankel.


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Germany

Traffic in Germany is 549 aerodromes, 41981km of railway and 644480km of road, of which 12800km is motorway.


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Germany

Port cities include Bremen, Bremerhaven, Duisburg, Hamburg, Karlsruhe, Lübeck, Neuss, Rostock and Wilhelmshaven.


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Germany

[3] A large proportion of intercontinental flights come to Frankfurt, Dusseldorf or Munich.


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Germany

Low-cost airlines use less popular airports, some of which are just recycled army landing sites; for example, the aerodrome dubbed Frankfurt—Hahn is 110km northwest of Frankfurt.


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Germany

[55] Internally mobility operates one of the most efficient public transport systems in Europe.


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Germany

Trains are faster than buses, but the network of bus routes is more comprehensive.


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Germany

[56] Population Germany is the most populated country in the European Union with approximately 83 million inhabitants (31.12.2017).


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Germany

[1] Population density averages around 230 inhabitants per square kilometre, making Germany one of the most densely populated countries in Europe.


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Germany

The largest ethnic group are Germans, of whom there are about 67 million.


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Germany

There are about 15 million residents of migrant backgrounds, of whom about 8 million have acquired German citizenship.


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Germany

The largest groups of migrants are Turks and people from the former Yugoslavia.


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Germany

[57] Germany's total fertility rate in 2016 was 1.59.


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Germany

[58] The figure was less than 1.50 children for decades, but rose to the European average in the 2010s.


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Germany

[59] The Federal Statistical Office estimates the population to fall between 68 and 73 million persons by 2060.


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Germany

[60] There is a small Danish minority in Germany, 21,000 people in 2000, in Schleswig near the Danish border, and a small minority speaking Sorb language, 25000 people in 1995, in Saxony and Brandenburg.


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Germany

The Frisian language is spoken by 12000.


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Germany

Lower Germany is also in use in rural northern Germany.


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Germany

There are six million people speaking a Bavarian language or dialect in the Bavarian region (2005) and about 820,000 (2006) speakers of Swaab.


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Germany

[61] Minority languages are protected by the Council of Europe.


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Germany

Among the immigrants, the most prominent groups are Albanians, Turks, Italians, Poles and Greeks.


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Germany

Also a notable group are returnees, particularly from the former Soviet region, with semi-German lineages.


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Germany

Returnees automatically acquire German citizenship and thus do not appear in nationality-based statistics.


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Germany

[62] Germans of non-denominations make up 37.0% of the population.


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Germany

Catholics make up 28.2% and Protestants make up 26.0% of the population.


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Germany

Muslims make up 5.0% and other religions 3.9% of the population.


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Germany

[63] Due to immigration, Germany's Jewish population is today the fastest growing in the world.


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Germany

[64] The largest cities in Germany comprise 82 cities with more than 100000 inhabitants.


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Germany

[65] With estimated population in 2010, cities with over 500,000 inhabitants are [66] Berlin (3448584) Hamburg (1774688) Munich (1342339) Cologne (1007122) Frankfurt am Main (670816) Stuttgart (603194) Düsseldorf (587498) Dortmund (582354) Essen (577722) Bremen (547247) Hanover (521118) Leipzig (520606) Nuremberg (504461) Dresden (517133) The largest metropolitan areas in Germany have eleven official metropolis that form the cultural, political and economic centers of the state.


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Germany

[67] The Berlin—Brandenburg Metropolitan Area (6 million inhabitants in 2009) the Bremen—Oldenburg Metropolitan Area (2.72 million as.


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Germany

2010) Frankfurt—Rein—Main (5.5 million as.


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Germany

2006) Hamburg Metropolitan Area (4.3 million as.


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Germany

2010) Hanover—Braunschweig—Göttingen—Wolfsburg (3.9 million as.


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Germany

2007) Central German Metropolitan Area (6.9 million as.


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Germany

2008) Munich Metropolitan Area (5.4 million as.


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Germany

2010) Nuremberg Metropolitan Area (3.5 million as.


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Germany

2007) Rein—Neckar (2.4 million as.


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Germany

2009) Rhine—Ruhr (8.7 million as.


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Germany

2008) Stuttgart Metropolitan Area (5.3 million as.


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Germany

2007) Culture German cultural policy is strongly regional, run by state governments and emphasising local characteristics.


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Germany

The Federal Government has only had a Minister of Culture and Media since 1998.


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Germany

[68] Literature Germans call themselves the nation of books, or the land of poets and thinkers — Das Land der Dichter und Denker [69] The world's largest annual book industry event, the Frankfurt Book Fair, takes place in Germany.


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Germany

Approximately 95000 books appear in Germany each year.


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Germany

[68] Ten German writers have been awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature: Theodor Mommsen (1902), Rudolf Eucken (1908), Paul Heyse (1910), Gerhart Hauptmann (1912), Thomas Mann (1929), Hermann Hesse (1946), Nelly Sachs (1966), Heinrich Böll (1972), Günter Grass (1999)) and Herta Müller (2009) .


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Germany

[70] Theatre in Germany even in small towns has its own theatre and overall there are 300 theatres in the country.


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Germany

[68] The best known of them are the Deutsches Theater in Berlin, the Münchner Kammerspiele in Munich and the country's oldest local theatre, Nationaltheater Mannheim in Mannheim.


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Germany

In connection with many theatres, opera works, sometimes also ballet.


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Germany

The Berlin-based Volksbühne, meanwhile, has been profiled as one of the centres of contemporary theatre and exploratory drama in Europe.


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Germany

[71] Some of the greatest figures in German theatre history include Bertolt Brecht, one of the most prominent theatre theorists, playwrights and directors of the 20th century.


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Germany

His theoretical main work is from the Theatre of Our Time: an un-Aristotle dramatics in which he presents his own concept of theatre, the basic pillars of epic theatre.


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Germany

[72] Another notable reformer of theatre and playwrights was Heiner Müller (1929—1995), whose main work Germania — Death in Berlin unravels the time of divided Germany in the 20th century, linking it with the country's early history.


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Germany

[73] The most prominent of the current theatre makers is Frank Castorf, director and head director of the Volksbühne.


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Germany

[74] Germany is also influenced by several of the most internationally renowned contemporary dramatics of the present, perhaps the most famous of them René Pollesch [75], whose plays have been performed in Finland.


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Germany

[76] Music Germany's reputation as a musical country is based first and foremost on composers of art music.


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Germany

130 symphony orchestras operate in the country; the most famous of them is the Berlin Philharmonic, conducted since 2002 by the British Sir Simon Rattle.


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Germany

[77] The Baroque giant was the German Bach.


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Germany

In his own day, however, more popular than Bach were compatriots Händel and Telemann.


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Germany

[78] The genius of the turn of classicism and romanticism was Beethoven, who, along with Bach and the Austrian Mozart, is often counted among the three greatest composers.


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Germany

[79] Friends Schumann and Mendelssohn were one of the biggest names in full romance.


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Germany

The more conservative wing of later Romanticism was represented by Brahms, of whom Schumann had bossed the new Beethoven.


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Germany

The greatest German opera composer in Romanticism was the reform-minded Wagner, in whose footsteps passed the great man of late Romanticism, known for his operas and tone poems.


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Germany

[80] [81] In the interwar period, the most influential composer in the country was Paul Hindemith.


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Germany

[82] Karlheinz Stockhausen has been considered the greatest of the strong German names in contemporary music.


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Germany

[83] Since the 1960s, there has been talk of “krautrock” in reference to German rock.


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Germany

Germans Can, Neu!


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Germany

and Amon Düül II were the top names in 1970s experimental rock.


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Germany

Kraftwerk, Tangerine Dream and Klaus Schulze, who came to the surface in the early 1970s, have been key pioneers in the field of electronic music.


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Germany

Germany has also had a strong techno culture, which was evident through events such as Love Parade.


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Germany

The rock band Scorpions, founded in the 1970s, is the German group that has received the most acclaim worldwide.


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Germany

In the 1980s, especially the hits of synth pop duo Modern Talking punched themselves through the world.


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Germany

Later well-known German bands include the metal band Rammstein, which became known in the 1990s, and the rock band Tokio Hotel in the 2000s.


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Germany

[84] Also popular in the country is German schlager music, which corresponds to Finnish iskelmi music.


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Germany

[85] [86] The film German cinema gained international acclaim already during silent cinema.


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Germany

Fritz Lang, among others, as well as F. W. Murnau, who was Austrian-born but directed in Germany several of the most notable works of his career, are among the great masters of the sport.


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Germany

Among Lang's most notable films in Germany are the innovative, financially unsuccessful but subsequently brought to the status of classic Metropolis [87] and the suspense film M — a city looking for a murderer.


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Germany

[88] Of Murnau's films, perhaps the vampire film Nosferatu is best remembered.


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Germany

Both Lang and Murnau subsequently moved on to direct the United States.


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Germany

[89] [90] In the 1920s-30s German cinema was strongly influenced by the expressionist trend.


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Germany

Perhaps the greatest classic of the genre's films, in addition to Murnau's Nosferatu, has risen to Robert Wiene's Tri Caligari cabinet.


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Germany

In the 1920s, the Neue Sachlichkeit trend, which sought to deal realistically with social themes, also rose to prominence, particularly with the advent of Georg Wilhelm Pabst.


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Germany

The first German sound film, Blue Angel (1930) directed by Austrian Josef von Sternberg, in turn introduced the German film star who had risen to legend in the coming decades, Marlene Dietrich.


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Germany

[91] During National Socialism, several German filmmakers went into exile.


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Germany

Among the films tinged with propaganda of the era, Leni Riefenstahl's works such as Triumph of the Will and Olympia have fallen above all short of their visual merits in film history.


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Germany

In the 1950s, the international popularity of German cinema waned.


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Germany

In the era, melodramas, comedies and musicals were produced in particular.


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Germany

Some of the most notable German films of the time include the Oscar-nominated Bernhard Wick war film Bridge (1959).


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Germany

[92] The generation of Rainer Werner Fassbinder (1960s to 1970s) is referred to as New German cinema.


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Germany

Fassbinder is considered one of the most prominent directors of German cinema.


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Germany

Some of the best-known work of his extensive productions include the television series Berlin Alexanderplatz based on the novel by Alfred Döblin, as well as films Veronika Voss's Longing, Maria Braun's Marriage, Fear Stiffing the Soul and The Merchant All Time.


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Germany

[93] Werner Herzog, who directed both documentaries and fiction, is one of the most prominent of the living German directors.


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Germany

Perhaps the best known of his work are films with actor Klaus Kinski, as well as the award-winning documentary film Grizzly Man.


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Germany

[94] German cinema has been on a new rise in the 21st century: Caroline Link received the Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film in 2002 with her film Somewhere in Africa and Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck in 2006 with the film The Life of Others.


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Germany

[95] The Berlin Film Festival, one of the most famous events in the world of cinema, has been held since 1951.


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Germany

[96] Fine Arts The earliest known names in German visual art are the Renaissance painters Lucas Cranach the Elder, Matthias Grünewald, and Hans Holbein the Younger.


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Germany

Albrecht Dürer made self-portraits and accurate engravings and drawings.


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Germany

During the Reformation and the Thirty Years' War, art suffered from a lack of financiers, but in the 19th century Romanticism painters such as Philipp Otto Runge and Caspar David Friedrich returned to the German art tradition.


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Germany

German art flourished in the 20th century, and one of the first groups of expressionists emerged in Dresden in 1905.


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Germany

Politics came to art in the aftermath of World War I.


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Germany

Max Ernst started Dadaism in Cologne.


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Germany

Otto Dix, through Expressionism and Dadaism, ended up with neofaciality.


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Germany

The rise of National Socialism drove many artists into exile.


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Germany

The Nazis organized special exhibitions of decadence art, mocking works contrary to their conception of art.


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Germany

During the divide, socialist realism was favoured in East Germany, while abstract art prevailed in the West.


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Germany

Joseph Beuys is known for his performance pieces.


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Germany

[97] Today there are 630 art museums in Germany, the collections of many of which are internationally renowned.


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Germany

Since 1955, an extensive exhibition of contemporary art documenta has been held in Kassel every five years.


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Germany

[68] Architects Walter Gropius, who founded the Bauhaus movement and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, whose most famous works have been carried out in the United States, have been among the most prominent authors of German architecture of the 20th century.


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Germany

[98] In Germany, 350 newspapers appear daily, ten of which spread throughout the country.


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Germany

The largest of them is Bild, with a circulation of 3.2 million out of the combined 25 million of all magazines in the country.


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Germany

[68] Major magazines and newspapers include Bild, Focus, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, Frankfurter Rundschau, Handelsblatt, Der Spiegel, Stern, Süddeutsche Zeitung, Der Tagesspiegel, Die Welt and Die Zeit.


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Germany

[37] Major public broadcasters include ARD and ZDF, private RTL, N24 and n-tv.


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Germany

[37] Private Sat1 and ProSieben form a joint group.


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Germany

[99] Sport has a significant place in the lives of Germans.


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Germany

Sports clubs have 27 million members and a further 12 million engage in physical activity on their own.


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Germany

[100] Football is a popular form of sport in Germany.


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Germany

There are 6.3 million registered players at Football Association clubs.


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Germany

[101] The Bundesliga is the second largest sports professional league in the world.


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Germany

Well-known German footballers include


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Germany

Franz Beckenbauer, Gerd Müller, Mesut Özil, Jürgen Klinsmann, Miroslav Klose, Lothar Matthäus, Marco Reus, Philipp Lahm, Bastian Schweinsteiger, Mario Götze, Oliver Kahn, Michael Ballack and Manuel Neuer.


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Germany

Germany has won several titles and medals in the World Cup and European Championships.


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Germany

Germany has won the World Football Championship in 1954, 1974, 1990, 2014 and the European Football Championship in 1972, 1980, 1996.


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Germany

In motorsport, the Germans have done well in the Formula class, where Michael Schumacher has won a record seven world titles.


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Germany

[102] Other popular sports include handball, volleyball, basketball, and tennis.


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Germany

[103] The country's handball team has won both a world title and an Olympic gold medal.


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Germany

[104] The German national basketball team has reached the European Championship and the third place of the World Cup competitions.


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Germany

[105] Germany has participated in the Olympic Games since its inception, that is, since 1896.


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Germany

Today it typically has a team of around 450 athletes at the Summer Games, at the Winter Games.


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Germany

The most medals have been won by swimmer Franziska van Almsick.


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Germany

[106] Germany has also hosted the Olympic Games twice, in Berlin 1936 and Munich 1972.


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Germany

[107] Other culture German cuisine encompasses a range of local and regional specialities, but there are also common features typical of the whole German-speaking region.


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Germany

Bread is the basis of both breakfast and dinner: in the morning, bread, sausages, cold cuts, cheese and, perhaps, salad or other vegetable garnish are often eaten for an evening snack.


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Germany

The hot main meal of the day is still lunch, although working life is changing the dining rhythm of many.


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Germany

The most common meat is pig, but sausage is also eaten a lot.


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Germany

Potato has been an important part of the German diet since the 17th century.


Question: What is the surface area of the Saka?

Germany

[108] With around 100 million speakers, German is the most common mother tongue in the European Union, corresponding to around 18% of the population.


Question: What is the surface area of the Saka?

Germany

German is the second most common foreign language after English, with around 14% of the EU population knowing it.


Question: What is the surface area of the Saka?

Germany

German used to be the lingua franca of Central, Eastern and Northern Europe and for a long time an important language in academia as well.


Question: What is the surface area of the Saka?

Germany

German is the official main language in Germany, Austria and Liechtenstein, as well as the agency language in Belgian Liège, Luxembourg, Denmark, Switzerland and Italy's South Tyrol.


Question: What is the surface area of the Saka?

Germany

[109] There are more than thirty sites on the UNESCO World Heritage List from Germany.


Question: What is the surface area of the Saka?

Germany

Most of them are cultural sites.


Question: What is the surface area of the Saka?

Germany

[110] The name The Finnish word German derives from the North German tribe of Saxons, which in the Middle Ages were better known in the Baltic region than other German groups.


Question: What is the surface area of the Saka?

Germany

From the 13th century onwards, Saxons and Finns traded within the Baltic region and the Hanseatic League in northern Germany.


Question: What is the surface area of the Saka?

Germany

German Hanseatic merchants introduced themselves to the Finns under the name Saxony — because of this the word German used to be used in Finnish also in the sense of merchant.


Question: What is the surface area of the Saka?

Germany

[111] The German self-language name Deutschland reverts to the ancient High German word diutisc, which refers to the vernacular (instead of Latin).


Question: What is the surface area of the Saka?

Germany

[112] German Latin name Germania (on which, among other things, English Germany is based) reverts to ancient Germanic.


Question: What is the surface area of the Saka?

Germany

Similarly, the names used in French and Spanish (Allemagne, Alemania) are based on the alemanns.


Question: What is the surface area of the Saka?

Germany

Designations of Slavic languages and Hungarian (немец, nemec, names, etc.)


Question: What is the surface area of the Saka?

Germany

have initially denoted a mute or a non-language speaker, i.e. a foreign language speaker.


Question: What is the surface area of the Saka?

Germany

[113] Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Andrea Schulte-Peevers| title = Germany| publisher = Lonely Planet| year = 2010| id = ISBN 9781741047813}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Eric Solsten (ed) .| title = Germany: Country Study | publisher = Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress| year = 1995| format = [online version]}} References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Aittokoski, Heikki| title = Land of the Fat Eagle.


Question: What is the surface area of the Saka?

Germany

Reportage from the Republic of Berlin| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 1999| isbn = 951-0-23743-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Herbert, Ulrich| title = Geschichte Deutschlands im 20.


Question: What is the surface area of the Saka?

Germany

Jahrhundert| location = Munich| publisher = C. H. Beck| year = 2014| isbn = 978-3-406-66051-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Räsänen, Matti and Tuomi-Nikula, Outi| title = Germanland: folk life from the Middle Ages to the present | location = Helsinki| publisher = Finland The Literary Society| year = 2000| isbn = 951-746-142-9}} On topic elsewhere * Category:41.3 Central Europe Category:Key articles in screening


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

Franz Joseph Hermann Michael Maria von Papen (born 29 October 1879 in Werl, Westphalia — 2 May 1969, Obersasbach, Baden-Württemberg) was a German politician of the Centre Party (Deutsche Zentrumspartei) and the 22nd Reich Chancellor of Germany during the Weimar Republic.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

Promoting Adolf Hitler's rise to power, von Papen was vice-chancellor in Hitler's government and later as German ambassador to Vienna and Ankara.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

He was a defendant at the Nuremberg Trial, but was found not guilty and acquitted.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

Background Papen came from a prosperous Catholic family from Werl, Westphalia.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

He received the rank of cavalry officer, after which he was appointed German Military Attaché in Washington, United States.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

The appointment was influenced above all by Franz von Papen's father's close relationship with German Emperor William II.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

In Washington, von Papen's jurisdiction also extended to Mexico.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

After World War I ignited, von Papen became tasked with ensuring Mexico's friendly relations with Germany while at the same time doing work for Germany in the United States.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

When it became apparent that von Papen had provided classified information to his motherland—he is suspected to have told, for example, the time and route of Lusitania's departure — the United States expelled him from the country in 1916.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

Returning to Germany on his return to his homeland, von Papen served first on the Western Front and then as a staff officer on the Turkish Front.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

He also served as a major in Palestine.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

In the Middle East, von Papen also came to know the later German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

This came to play a great role later in German political history.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

Ribbentrop introduced von Papen and Hitler to each other and thus opened the door for their cooperation.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

Political career After the defeat suffered by Germany in the war, von Papen resigned from army service as a top lieutenant in the spring of 1919.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

He never recovered from the implosion of the German Empire, and thus did not wish to serve in the republican army either.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

He settled in the same year to live in Dülmen, Westphalia.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

Von Papen began to take an interest in politics and joined the conservative German Gentlemen's Club, which was active in Berlin.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

In 1921—1928 and 1930—1932 he represented the Catholic Centre Party (Zentrum) in the Prussian Landtag.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

In his party, he represented the right-wing, monarchist wing.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

Thus, in the 1925 presidential election, he did not endorse Wilhelm Marx on his own side, but gave his support to the Protestant, national-conservative Paul von Hindenburg.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

Von Hindenburg never forgot the support given by von Papen and henceforth regarded this as his creditman and confidante.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

Zentrum, by contrast, wanted to dismiss von Papen from the party.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

However, von Papen had become chairman of the editorial board of the party's magazine, Germania, in the summer of 1925, so he was able to defend himself effectively in the public eye, thereby winning many hesitant party comrades on his side.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

Reich Chancellor on July 1, 1932, President Hindenburg unexpectedly chose Papen as Reich Chancellor to replace Heinrich Brüning, leader of Papen's own party.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

This was largely due to the recommendations of General Kurt von Schleicher, a close adviser to the president at the time.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

Papen was rejected by his own party because it considered him to have betrayed Brüning.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

In the Riksdag, Papen received support only from the conservative German National People's Party (DNVP).


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

Papen ruled with authoritarian grips.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

He launched a coup d'état in the Prussian Free State against the Social Democratic-led government of Otto Braun and lifted the bans imposed on the SA by his predecessor in an effort to win support from the Nazis in his government.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

In the end, two Reichstag elections only strengthened the strength of the Nazis but failed to improve Papen's endorsement.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

The elections of 6 November 1932 brought a sting defeat to the National Socialist Party (NSDAP), by contrast, the DNVP, which as the only one supported Papen, achieved victory.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

However, Papen did not get the majority he had hoped for in the Riksdag, as the German Communist Party KPD also won additional seats.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

Together with the Nazis, the Communists had a blocking minority in the Reichstag, so they were able to prevent the passage of Papen's bills.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

Papen submitted to Reich President Hindenburg on 2 December 1932 that he would declare martial law in Germany and dissolve the Reichstag without holding new elections.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

Under martial law, both NSDAP and KPD should be banned and their military organisations (SA and SS and Roter Frontkämpferbund) should be disbanded.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

The President of the Reich could govern the country under emergency regulations, and a new, presidential-dominated constitution should be prepared for the country.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

Papen therefore wanted to carry out a coup d'état similar throughout Germany that he had put into action in Prussia.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

He also gave assurances that the Reichswehr, the Reichswehr, would be able to keep the situation under its control.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

However, Reich President Hindenburg did not want to hear about such lawlessness.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

He was backed by the plan of another protégé, Kurt von Schleicher.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

This wanted to become Reich Chancellor in Papen's place.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

He had suggested to Hindenburg that he would try to dissolve the National Socialist Party by offering its left wing seats of government.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

Hindenburg considered the plan worth implementing.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

Thus, with sorrow and tearful eyes, he relieved his “favourite chancellor” Papen of his duties on 3 December 1932.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

The next day, he appointed Schleicher as his successor.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

Papen never recovered from the “betrayal” of his former friend and patron Schleicher.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

Throughout his time in government, Franz Papen therefore failed to secure a workable majority in the Riksdag.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

He was forced to govern under the protection of the State of Emergency Decrees issued by the President of the Reich, thus entirely dependent on the President's preference.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

But his government brought about some degree of recovery in an economy blighted by the recession and a reversal in unemployment to fall.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

Papen embarked on a programme of employment, but broader plans, above all the construction of highways, could not be implemented because they were contrary to the Versailles Peace Treaty.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

However, the Papen government's economic reforms provided good ground for Hitler's government.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

When it became clear that Schleicher would not get the support of the majority of the Reichstag behind him, von Papen and DNVP leader Alfred Hugenberg agreed together with Hitler that he could become the new Reich Chancellor and von Papen would become Vice-Chancellor (Vizekanzler) in the government.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

Von Papen used his close relationship with President von Hindenburg and persuaded him (who previously had not wanted Hitler as Reich Chancellor) to sack Schleicher and appoint Hitler as Reich Chancellor on 30 January 1933.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

In government negotiations, it had been agreed that National Socialist ministers would be up against the strongest possible national-conservative counterweight.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

The National Socialists held only three ministerial seats; in addition to Reich Chancellor Hitler, the National Socialists were represented by Hermann Göring, Minister without Portfolio, and Wilhelm Frick, the Reich Minister of the Interior.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

Von Papen himself became vice-chancellor of the government, theoretically the second man immediately after Hitler.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

Von Papen is deposed When Hitler was in power, von Papen and his allies were quickly deposed.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

Von Papen quit as Vice-Chancellor in 7 August 1934 after criticising the National Socialist regime in a speech at the University of Marburg.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

On the night of the long knives, when many of Hitler's opponents inside and outside the party were murdered (including von Schleicher), von Papen was arrested and placed under house arrest for three days while his secretary Herbert von Bose and speechwriter Edgar Julius Jung murdered.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

In July 1933, von Papen presided over negotiations which resulted in Hitler's government and the Vatican concluding an increasingly valid Reich Concordat which regulated relations between the state and the Catholic Church.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

Vatican relied on von Papen, known as a devout Catholic, who was a member of the Order of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem, a Catholic spiritual order of knighthood.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

After Austrian Chancellor Engelbert Dollfuß had been killed in connection with an attempted coup d'état by the National Socialists on 25 July 1934, Hitler appointed von Papen as Germany's special envoy to Vienna, with the apparent intention of calming relations with Austria.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

As Ambassador In 1936, von Papen received the rank of ambassador.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

His secret mission was to prepare the Anschluss, Austria's annexation of Germany.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

He received the support of Cardinal Innizer, among others, the influential Archbishop of Vienna.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

Following Austria's annexation to Germany, von Papen became his country's ambassador in 1939 to Ankara, Turkey.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

He brought about the conclusion of a Turkish-German friendship treaty on 18 June 1940.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

Von Papen also played a decisive role in Turkey remaining neutral in the war and not siding with the Allies.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

Von Papen was expelled from Turkey after the country severed diplomatic relations with Germany in 1944.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

During the war, those in power in Berlin also considered appointing von Papen as ambassador to the Vatican, but this was prevented by Konrad von Preysing, the Catholic Archbishop of Berlin.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

In 1938 von Papen had become a member of the National Socialist Party.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

After the war, Papen was captured by the Allies after the war and he was a defendant at the Nuremberg Trial, but was acquitted.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

However, in 1947 he was sentenced to eight years of forced labour by a German court, guilty of crimes of National Socialism.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

After an appeal, the conviction was overturned in 1949, but most of von Papen's property was confiscated.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

The town of his birth, Werl, had already in 1945 revoked the rank of honorary town conferred on him in 1933.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

In 1952, von Papen's memoir Der Wahrheit eine Gasse (Alley of Truth) appeared.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

In the 1950s, he also attempted, without success, a return to politics.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

Until his death, von Papen refused to admit his own role in Hitler's rise to power.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

Von Papen was a devout Catholic, and there were ecclesiastical honours for him.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

In 1923, Pope Pius XI appointed him papal stealth counsellor, and in 1959 Pope John XXIII confirmed the appointments.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

Von Papen was also a member of the Maltese Knights and the Order of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem.


Question: Who was Franz von Papen?

Franz von Papen

On topic elsewhere Category:German Reich Chancellors Category:German Reich Ministers Category:German diplomats Category:Exonerated of war crimes Class:Born in 1879 Class:Deaths in 1969


Question: What does subatomic mean?

Subatomic particles

Subatomic particles are subatomic particles.


Question: What does subatomic mean?

Subatomic particles

[1] Subatomic particles therefore include different elementary particles and their composite particles, namely hadrons [2].


Question: What does subatomic mean?

Subatomic particles

These particles are specifically discussed in particle physics and nuclear physics.


Question: What does subatomic mean?

Subatomic particles

In history, the first known and even best-known subatomic particles are the building compartments of the atom, that is, the baryons include the proton and neutron and the elementary particle electron belonging to the leptons.


Question: What does subatomic mean?

Subatomic particles

[3] With the advent of particle accelerators, more subatomic particles have been discovered.


Question: What does subatomic mean?

Subatomic particles

Distribution of subatomic particles Subatomic particles include: elementary particles dimensional bosons leptons quarks hadrons (compound particles) baryons (contain 3 quarks) mesons (contain 2 quarks) from subatomic particles dimensional bosons and mesons belonging to bosons (spin integer) and the rest, that is, leptons, quarks and baryons belong to fermions (spin half-number).


Question: What does subatomic mean?

Subatomic particles

See also Standard Model of particle physics Sources Category:Subatomic particles Category:Key articles in screening


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Metal music is heavy chord rock music, which includes as typical features intense rhythms, the distortion sound of the electric guitar and, many times, the dark subjects of the lyrics.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

The genre evolved in the late 1960s and early 1970s in the United States and England.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

It has roots in blues-rock and psychedelic rock.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

According to the AllMusic website's definition, “of all the subgenres of rock and roll, metal music is the most extreme when talking about volume, manliness, and pomposity.”


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[1] In many places around the world, metal music is commonly referred to as Heavy Metal, which is the most popular subgenre of its musical style.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

In Finland, the loanword “hevi” is also used.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Timing the moment of birth of metal music is a defining issue.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

As the first bands to develop metal music to achieve widespread fame, Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath and Deep Purple are often cited.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

In the mid-1970s, bands such as Judas Priest developed the genre forward by abandoning its blues roots.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Metal music was born with lyrics about demons and hell and Ronnie James Dio developed the heaviest symbol of his fingers.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Dio brought medieval knight mythology and swords to metal music.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

In the late 1970s and 1980s, bands such as Motörhead and Iron Maiden added offensiveness and speed to the style.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

By the end of the decade, metal music had reached a worldwide audience of admirers, representatives of which are called hevars.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

With the advent of the 1980s, metal music gained plenty of popularity even with the advent of bands that played easier to understand and lighter metal like Mötley Crüe.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

The concept of heavy metal refers primarily to melodic metal bands of the 1970s and 1980s, when not used as a synonym for metal music.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Beginning in the 1980s, metal split into numerous different sub-genres.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Bands like Metallica brought highly offensive thrash metal into the mainstream.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Underground circles developed the most extreme styles, such as death metal and black metal, which have remained subculture phenomena.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

In the mid-1990s, the definition of metal music was expanded by new popular styles such as nu metal, which blends ingredients from funk and hip hop into metal music, and metalcore, which blends extreme metal and hardcore punk.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Specifics Inherent features of metal music include loud cracking guitars, forceful rhythms, dense bass and drum sounds, and powerful vocals.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Subgenres of metal music focus variously on those components, or transform or adopt one or more of those traits.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

The trend has taken influences from rock and art music and, in its early forms, also from blues.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Instruments and sound A typical ensemble lineup includes a drummer, bassist, rhythm guitarist, solo guitarist and vocalist who often plays some instrument himself.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

The electric organ was used in 1970s horses.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Today, bands prefer synthesizers in some genres of metal music, such as progressive metal, power metal, and symphonic metal.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Guitar The electric guitar and the sound barrier it generates with an amplifier are historically characteristic of metal music.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[2] Guitars are often played with distortion pedals through heavily oversteered tube amplifiers, creating thick, powerful and heavy sounds.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

In the early 1970s, some popular rock groups, such as Thin Lizzy, began to favor the co-playing of the two guitarists.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

In the late 1970s, leading heavy bands such as the Scorpions, Judas Priest, and Iron Maiden continued this formula, with two or three guitarists sharing contributions between rhythm and solo guitaring.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

In most styles of metal music, the central part is also played by the guitar solo.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Guitarists use technologically advanced playing methods such as sweep technique, especially in fast songs.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

A virtuosic display of skill is emphasized in many subgenres of metal music.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Often the guitarist plays a very central part in a metal music ensemble.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Bass Bass guitar plays a significant part in many metal bands as it creates a basic industry sound.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

It makes a crucial difference to what makes music “heavy.”


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[3] In addition, the bass sound is often broken and sometimes modified by various effects pedals.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Bassists in metal music often use picktra instead of fingers.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Plektra produces stronger, more accentuated sounds.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

In metal music, the bass attempts to absorb the deep vocal field of the instrument.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Because of this, the trend is clearly different from jazz and funk, for example.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

In metal music, the bass is often played ranging from two octaves to the low fields of the guitar.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

This emphasizes the quintessential harmonic riffs.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Thus, the expression of bass and rhythm guitar can be compared to the use of cello and double bass in art music.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

In it, the bass most often doubles in the octave line with the cello.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

In this position, the bass lines the sound of the guitar.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Sometimes tunes or a spectrum of tunes are added on bass to enrich the fields.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

On the bass, pedal harmonies are played in the background, while the guitars play different harmonies on the surface.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Traditionally, the bass is played along the guitar.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Sometimes, however, the bass is played more self-consciously and separate from the guitar.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

This is especially noticeable in the styles of Black Sabbath's Geezer Butler or Metallica's Cliff Burton.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

In them, the playing of the bass expresses dialogue with the guitar, as in the songs “N.I.B.” or “For Who the Bell Tolls”.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Bass independence is a frequent ingredient in alternative metal and an essential component in funk metal.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

It incorporates a notable feature of bass in funk.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

An example was the band Red Hot Chili Peppers, where the bass often plays completely different patterns than the guitar.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Vocals Metal music vocals vary depending on the style of the bands.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

One of the vocal types are flamboyant multi-octaves such as Judas Priest's Rob Halford and Iron Maiden's Bruce Dickinson.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Another singer type, on the other hand, takes a deliberately rough approach.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

This is represented by, for example, Motörhead's Lemmy Kilmister and Metallica's James Hetfield.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

A growling style has become common in metal music subgenres, made popular by Jeff Becerra of Possessed.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[4] Since then, the style has become more common in genres such as death metal, grindcore, doom death and goth metal.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Other variations of the Örina and Kirkuna serve as examples of Lamb of God's Randy Blythe and At the Gates' Tomas Lindberg.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

The sleazy, frenzied expression of Mayhem's Dead is exemplified by the sleazy and frenzied expression of the black metal singers.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

The mid-1990s saw the emergence of new vocal style developments with the advent of alternative metal and rapcore with an emphasis on melodicity.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Singers such as Jonathan Davis (Korn) or Burton C. Bell (Fear Factory) served as examples of these styles.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

At the turn of the 21st century, some ensembles began to utilize singers familiar with the technique of opera singing.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

This is common, especially in symphonic metal.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Example is the former Nightwish singer Tarja Turunen or Sarah Jezebel Deva (Cradle of Filth, Therion, Covenant).


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Drums The drum lineup is usually considerably bigger than in other genres of rock music.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[3] Normally there are toms, bass drum, small drum, and hi-hat, ride and crash cymbals.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

In addition to these, there are still additional toms and cymbals like splash and china.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Other instruments such as cowbells are also common.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Initially, metal music drummers utilized percussion techniques of traditional rock.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Since then, many subspecies of the trend have successively made special techniques such as double bazaar, skank-beat and especially blast beat.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

These techniques allow the playing to create progressive and rhythmic passes that gravitate towards speed and emphasize the progression of the guitar.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

In the double bazaar technique, beats are divided into two drum pedals, or two drums.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

The style is characterised by the technical playing of paced legs.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

The method is used to create blazing passes with a bass drum.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Into metal music, this technique was brought by the first forays into speed metal: Judas Priest's song “Exciter” (1978), Motörhead's “Overkill” (1979) and Accept's “Fast as a Shark” (1982).


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Thrash metal bands of the early 1980s developed it forward.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

The technique is often used in speed, power, thrash, death, and black metal.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Skank-beat refers to a two-part contraction of the four-part rhythm of traditional rock.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

The style gives the impression of a double quickening of the music, although the pace has not picked up.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Hardcore punk bands made the style popular and the first thrash metal bands adopted the technique.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Skank-beat is a typical cadence of thrash metal.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

The blast beat defines a technical and very fast rhythm formula.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

In it, the playing time is one part of the four beat of traditional rock (two bass drum sequences per petty drum).


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

This gives the impression of a quadrupling of the speed of music.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

The resulting effect creates the effect of a sound barrier.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

For metal music, this technique was introduced by S.O.D.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

's Charlie Benante and Napalm Death's Mick Harris.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Blast beat is especially used by black metal, death metal and grindcore bands.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Many drummers take a lot of time to learn Blast beat.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Some black metal bands use a drum machine holding a real drummer.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Volume In concerts, volume is considered important.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[5] Jimi Hendrix and The Who were trendsetters in volume.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

The Who sometimes held the status of “the loudest ensemble in the world” in the Guinness Book of Records.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Metal bands soon set new hardpoints for the volume.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Blue Cheer's Dick Peterson says, “We played our part in forming the style of metal music.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Although I'm not saying we knew what we were doing because we didn't.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

We just knew we wanted more strength.” [6] Tony Iommi, guitarist of the pioneering Black Sabbath, suffers a significant loss of auditory sense.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

That has happened to him and many other metal musicians because concerts have high volumes.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Metal music's obsession with volume was mocked in a parodic rock documentary about the fictional band Spinal Tap Hey We Rock!.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

In it, guitarist Nigel Tufnel reveals that his Marshall amplifier has been modified to go to Section 11 (“up to eleven”) instead of the usual 10.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Musical language Rhythm and groove The main groove in metal music is characterised by short rhythm formulas of two or three tunes in staccato, due to the use of palm mute technique in rhythm guitars.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[7] Rhythm formulas are often composed of 8 or 16 notes.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Because of its fast, steep, and rhythmic sections, metal music often comprises forward-striving and unprepared rhythm formulas.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Metal music can also have long sections like full notes.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

They let the chords ring.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Full notes are especially used in medium-pace songs such as ballads.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Occasionally, whole notes create ambience and different patterns.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

This is accomplished when one guitarist lets the chord play, and the other plays fast passages.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Chords One of the hallmarks of the species are the power chords of the guitar.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[8] In a technical sense, the power chord is simple: it comprises only one principal interval, usually a quint.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

However, the root (basse fondamentale) can be doubled by adding an octave.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Other types of power chords are also used: often the traditional quint is replaced by different intervals.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

These include quart, small terse or large terse, reduced quint, and small sext.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[9] The power chord allows high-level distortion so that there is no dissonance.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Different power chords can be played with a uniform finger arrangement that easily slides up and down the fretboard.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[10] Harmonic Relationships Metal music tends to be riff-based.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Riffs are repeatedly created with three harmonic features: modal scale passes, tritonus, and chromatic wear.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Modal harmony Traditional metal music tends to add modal scales, especially from aioli (natural minor) and phyric (minor, b 2nd tone) modes.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[11] In terms of harmonies, the species typically combines modal chord passages such as aiolic passages in the style I-VI-VII, I-VII- (VI) or I-VI-IV-VII and phygic passages suggesting the connection of I and ♭ II passes (I- ♭ II-I, I- ♭ II-III or I- ♭ II-VII for example).


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Examples of aiolic harmony are Judas Priest's “Breaking the Law”, Iron Maiden's “Hallowed Be These Name” and Accept's “Princess of the Dawn”, all of which use I-VI-VII passes in their main riffs.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Examples of the phyric harmonies are Mercyful Fate's “Gypsy” (main riff I- ♭ II-I-VI-V), Megadeth's “Symphony of Destruction” (the main riff builds on ♭ II-I's relationship), and Sodom's “Remember the Fallen” (intro and main riff - the last riff referring to the phygical cadence: I- ♭ II-III).


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Tritonus and chromaticity One of the hallmarks of subgenres of metal music is the use of tense harmony, such as the relationships between tritonus and chromaticity.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[12] [13] Tritonus is an interval between three size steps, for example C and F#.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Tritonus is one of the essential expressions of dissonance in Western music.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Tritonus was forbidden in medieval ecclesiostic song because of its contested quality.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Because of this, the monks started calling it by the name diabolus in musica — “the devil in music.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

“[14] [15] Later in history, when the era of Baroque and art music rose, that interval became accepted.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

However, its use was rigorously rationed.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

It was only composers of Romanticism and contemporary music that began to use it freely, and to exploit the evil side-marking attached to it by culture.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Because of its original context, it came to be heard as “evil” in Western culture.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Today, the interval continues its reputation as a “menacing,” “scary,” or “evil” voice.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Metal music has pushed forward the use of diabolus in musica because of its side notation: it is used repeatedly in guitar solos and riffs, as, for example, in “Black Sabbath” on the band's first-born album.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Organ score Metal music often makes extensive use of organ score () as a harmonic basis.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

The organ point is a prolonged tune.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

It is typically in the bass range.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

During the duration of the tune, at least one outside (i.e., dissonant) harmony is heard in other parts.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[16] Riffs in metal music are often built on a sustained, continuous tune.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

It is played in low bass or rhythm guitar languages, usually E, A, and D languages.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[17] In other words, a single bass tone — usually a low E or A — is played tenaciously.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Some different chords are again played sequentially.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

These include those chords not usually included in that bass tune.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

An example is the opening riff of Judas Priest's “You've Got Another Thing Comin'”.”


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

In this case, one guitar plays the organ point in F# while the other guitar plays the chords.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

History Pioneers: Mid-1960s Blues roots American blues music greatly influenced early British rock musicians.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

The rhythm and blues guitarists of the 1940s and 1950s, who had a penchant for loud sound and cracked guitar style, have been regarded in some sources as the earliest pioneers of metal music.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

An example is the guitarist Willie Johnson, who used the distortion of Howlin' Wolf's backing band from an early age.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

British rock groups that achieved fame in the mid-1960s, such as The Rolling Stones and The Yardbirds, recorded electronic cover songs of many traditional blues songs.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

British ensembles developed a loud cracking guitar style built around power chords.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

British ensembles influenced US ensembles, who in turn continued to develop the style.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[18] Psychedelic rock The Kinks contributed significantly to the popularity of this style with their 1964 success song “You Really Got Me”.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[19] A significant addition to the emerging guitar style was the feedback loop, or rotation tone, produced by the new generation of amplifiers.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

The feedback loop was experimented with by artists such as Dave Davies of The Kinks, The Who's Pete Townshend and Tridents' Jeff Beck.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[20] Blues rock's percussion style began with simple, repetitive rhythms with small drum sets.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Later drummers began to use more robust, complex and amplified playing styles to make drums sound against the guitar.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

At that time, the intensity of the guitar in music, namely, was constantly increasing.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[21] Singers also modified their methods.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Sound amplification began to become an important part of the song, so the singers developed their expressions to be more stylised and flamboyant.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

The Who also took volume to new dimensions: the band took advantage of the wall of many Marshall amps.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[22] Simultaneous developments in sound amplification and recording methods made it possible that the heavy power of this style could also be recorded on an audio disc.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

The combination of blues rock and psychedelic rock formed much of the basis of metal music.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[23] One of the bands most strongly influenced by the merger of these styles was Cream.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Based on the co-chord riffing of guitarist Eric Clapton and bassist Jack Bruce, Cream developed a robust and heavy style.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

This was further combined with Ginger Baker's double bazaar drum playing.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[24] Cream's first two albums, which were Fresh Cream (1966) and Disraeli Gears (1967), have been considered very significant as inspirations for the new and heavier rock style.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Also very influential were The Jimi Hendrix Experience's singles and firstborn album Are You Experienced (1967).


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Many metal guitarists have since imitated Hendrix's skillful guitar playing style.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Released as a single in particular, the song “Purple Haze” has been considered the first metal music song to gain chart success.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[18] Beginning: Late 1960s and early 1970s Early metal In 1968, the style that became known as metal music really began to take shape.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

In January, the band Blue Cheer, from San Francisco, released a cover version of Eddie Cochran's classic song “Summertime Blues” on their album Vincebus Eruptum.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Many consider it to be the first true piece of metal music.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[25] That same month, Steppenwolf released their first-born album bearing his own name, which included “Born to Be Wild”.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Two more watershed recordings were released in June.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

The first was “Think About It” by The Yardbirds, which features guitarist Jimmy Page's skill sample.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

It heralded the style of metal music he would soon make famous.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

The second was Iron Butterfly's In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida album, which contains the title track lasting 17 minutes.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida is a strong candidate for the very first metal music album.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

In October, a single rendition of “Revolution” by The Beatles set new standards for the guitar's cracking sound.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

The song also contains guitar and drum co-playing typical of metal music.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

That same month, the Jeff Beck Group, whose lead figure had been the guitarist for The Yardbirds prior to Jimmy Page, released their first-born album, Truth.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

The record contained some of the “barbless and obviously funniest sounds that had been recorded”, and furrowed a groove for guitar playing in metal music.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[26] In October, Jimmy Page's new band Led Zeppelin performed for the first time on stage.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

In November, Love Sculpture as his guitarist, Dave Edmunds released a pounding, attacking rendition of Aram Hacchaturjan's “Sword Dance” (“Sabre Dance”, UK #5), which was successful on the UK singles charts.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

The Beatles' so-called White Album, released the same month, included “Helter Skelter”.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

It is one of the most heavy-chorded songs ever released by a large class band.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[27] The heavy rock of the late 1960s is now sometimes referred to as “proto-metal”, which can be translated into “early metal”.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Along with psychedelia, proto-metal music often had strong blues influences.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

In January 1969, Led Zeppelin's title album, Led Zeppelin, was released, and reached number 10 on Billboard's album charts.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

In June, Zeppelin and Grand Funk Railroad played at the Atlanta Pop Festival.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

The music of the Grand Funk Railroad was Cream inspired, but the band's expression was grittier.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

That same month, another Cream-influenced trio, led by Leslie West, released Mountain.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

It has heavy blues rock guitar and jolting vocals.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

In August, the band, now calling themselves Mountain, made an hour-long appearance at a Woodstock event.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Although the band is often classified as “hard rock”, its official first-born album Climbing!


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

(1970) reached number 85 on the “Top 100 Metal Albums” list compiled by Hit Parader in 1989.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Grand Funk Railroad's Survival (1971) reached rank 72.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[28] Grand Funk's first-born album, On Time, was also released that same month.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

In the fall, Led Zeppelin II went to number 1, and the album's single “Whole Lotta Love” reached number 4 on Billboard's pop chart.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

The revolution in metal music had begun.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Traits of metal music are established with Jimmy Page's cracking guitar style and Robert Plant's flamboyant, groaning vocals, Led Zeppelin defined key features of the emerging musical trend.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[29] Black Sabbath's albums Black Sabbath and Paranoid and Deep Purple's Deep Purple in Rock, released in 1970, were important marker columns.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[21] Black Sabbath had developed a particularly heavy style.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

The band is considered to be the greatest developer of the dark and heavy sound of heavy metal.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

This was influenced in part by the fact that guitarist Tony Iommi had a factory hall accident before co-founding the band.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Iommi was unable to play habitually, so he had to tune his guitar lower and stick to power chords because they require relatively simple finger work.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[30] Deep Purple had faded between different styles in its early years.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

However, by 1969 vocalist Ian Gillan and guitarist Ritchie Blackmore had taken the band's development towards heavy metal expression.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[31] In 1970, Black Sabbath and Deep Purple achieved major chart successes in the UK with their popular songs “Paranoid” and “Black Night” in succession.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

In the same year, three British bands released a heavy metal styled first-born album: Uriah Heep Very 'eavy... very 'umble, UFO UFO 1, and Black Widow Sacrifice.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Wishbone Ash introduced the double solo guitar and rhythm guitar style that many ensembles in subsequent generations adopted.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

However, Wishbone Ash is not universally classified as a metal.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Occult topics addressed by Black Sabbath, Uriah Heep and Black Widow became popular in metal music.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Also, Led Zeppelin began dealing with similar issues on their album Led Zeppelin IV, released in 1971.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

On the other side of the Atlantic Ocean, the development-setter was the Grand Funk Railroad.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

It has been written about it that it was “the most commercially successful US heavy metal band from the 1970s until it broke up in 1976.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

It represented the success formula of the 1970s: continuous touring life.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

“[32] Other bands connected to metal music also appeared in the United States, such as Dust (first LP in 1971), Blue Öyster Cult (Blue Öyster Cult, 1972) and Kiss (Kiss, 1974).


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

In Germany, the Scorpions came to prominence with their album Lonesome Crow in 1972.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Ritchie Blackmore gained attention as a skill guitarist on Deep Purple's Machine Head album in 1972.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

However, Blackmore left the band in 1975 to form Rainbow.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

These ensembles also garnered large audience numbers for themselves by constantly doing touring and increasingly spectacular stage performances.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[21] As mentioned above, there has been debate as to whether these bands were actually classified as “metal music” or rather as “hard rock”.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Those ensembles that are closer to the blues roots of the trend, or which emphasize more melodies, are now classified as the latter in the style mentioned.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Ac/DC, who made an appearance on the album High Voltage in 1975, serve as a committee example.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

The 1983 Rolling Stone encyclopedia definition begins: “The Australian heavy metal band AC/DC...” [33] Rock historian Clinton Walker writes, “The appointment of AC/DC as a metal band in the 1970s was as flawed as it is today... it was a rock and roll band that just hurt to be heavy enough to be metal.” [34] The issue is not only of varying definitions, but also of the lasting difference in musical style and audience recognition: author Ian Christe describes how AC/DC “emerged as a band that steered staggering amounts of audiences toward a heavy metal onnela.” [35] After Black Sabbath, another major band to be clearly linked to metal music is the British band Judas Priest, who debuted with the album Rocka Rolla in 1974.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Christen by definition: Although Judas Priest did not have top 40 album chart successes in the United States until the 1980s, for many it was a crucial post-Black Sabbath metal band: its fast and metallic twin guitar attacks were major influences on later for ensembles.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[36] Although metal music grew in popularity, the trend did not please many critics.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Opposition was sparked by the way metal bands perform overemphasized spectacularly as well as other commercial means.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[37] What caused the most irritation was the musical and lyrical unintelligences of metal: renowned critic Robert Christgau described one Black Sabbath album as “dull and degenerate... low-wit and promiscuous abuse”.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[38] Mainstream: Late 1970s and 1980s Punkrock meets metal music Punkrock emerged in the mid-1970s as a countermeasure to modern social conditions.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Punk opposed what was considered to be the overbearing and overproduced rock music of the time, including metal music.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Metal album sales figures declined towards the end of the 1970s in contrast to punk, disco and mainstream rock.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[37] As major record labels invested enthusiastically in punk, many newer British metal bands were inspired by this style.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Influences were taken from the offensive, particularly ponderous style and mannerisms of the trend, which typically featured action patterns of self-making and low sound production quality.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Metal bands outside the mainstream began releasing cheaply recorded releases independently and to dedicated audiences.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[39] British music magazines such as NME and Sounds began to give attention to the phenomenon: Sounds writer Geoff Barton named the trend New Wave of British Heavy Metal.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[40] NWOBHM bands included Iron Maiden, Motörhead, Saxon, Diamond Head and Def Leppard, who streamed the genre of metal music.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

By following Judas Priest's model, they pruned expression, reduced blues ingredients and put an emphasis on quickening paces.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[41] Even in the late 1970s, punk bands were gaining more attention in the English media, but punk's merger with heavy metal was evolving all the time, and finally in 1980 the newer wave British heavy metal really punched itself through the mainstream as Iron Maiden, Motörhead and Saxon's albums reached placements in the top 10 of the UK album charts.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

The following year, Motörhead became the first band of the trend to reach the top spot in the UK charts with their No Sleep 'til Hammersmith album.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Other NWOBHM bands such as Diamond Head and Venom contributed significantly to the development of metal music, although were not as successful.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[42] The first generation of bands disappeared one after the other: Deep Purple had disbanded shortly after Blackmore's departure in 1975, and Led Zeppelin ceased operations in 1980.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Black Sabbath was normally overshadowed by his warm-up band Van Halen at his concerts.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[43] Eddie Van Halen established himself as one of the leading guitar players of the era.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

His guitar solo on the song “Eruption” from the band's 1978 title album is considered a cornerstone of the style.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[44] Randy Rhoads and Yngwie J. Malmsteen also became famous guitar players, and they later developed a neoclassic metal style.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Blackmore and the Scorpions' Uli Jon Roth were top in embracing the ingredients of art music: this next generation evolved and used classic nylon-stringed guitars from time to time.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

For example, Rhoads plays it on the song “Dee” (1980) from former Black Sabbath singer Ozzy Osbourne's solo album Blizzard of Ozz.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Inspired by glam metal and breakthrough Van Halen's success, metal circles began to develop in Southern California, particularly Los Angeles in the late 1970s.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Bands such as Quiet Riot, Ratt, Mötley Crüe and W.A.S.P. gathered at clubs in the Sunset Strip area of Los Angeles.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

They took influences from traditional heavy metal of the 1970s [45] and added to the flamboyance of glam rock bands such as Alice Cooper and Kiss, as well as sometimes make-up.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[46] The lyrics of these glam metal bands were focused on pleasure and wild behaviour.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Musically, the style was epitomised by guitar tilt solos, theme songlike choruses, and relatively melodic pop influences.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

The glam metal trend became a major phenomenon in metal music and the more general field of view of rock music.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

The style was dominated by New York ensembles such as Twisted Sister.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Due to New Wave of British Heavy Metal and Judas Priest's breakthrough album British Steel (1980), metal music became popular in the 1980s.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Many bands benefited from the attention they received with Music Television.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Its broadcasts began in 1981.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Sales figures often soared if videos of the band were shown on the channel.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[47] Def Leppard's video Pyromania (1983) made the band a superstar in the United States.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Quiet Riot, on the other hand, became the first band to reach the Billboard charts thanks to Metal Health (1983).


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

One of the excitation-giving instances of the rise in popularity of metal music occurred in California.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

A “heavy metal day” (metal music day) was held there in 1983 at the US Festival.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Performing at the event were Ozzy Osbourne, Van Halen, the Scorpions, Mötley Crüe, Judas Priest as well as others who attracted the largest crowd during the event.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[48] During 1983 and 1984, the share of metal music sales of all record sales rose from 8% to 20% in the United States.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[49] Many professional magazines dedicated to the trend were born such as Kerrang!


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Metal music

(1981) and Metal Hammer (1984).


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

In addition, hobbyist-based magazines began to emerge.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

In 1985, Billboard declared: by the mid-1980s, glam metal dominated the US charts, Music Television, and concert arenas.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

New ensembles began to draw more audiences.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Los Angeles became Warrant and the West Coast became Poison, as well as Cinderella.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Mötley Crüe and Ratt also remained popular.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

New Jersey's Bon Jovi fused hard rock as well as glam metal and became very popular with their third album Slippery When Wet (1986).


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

In 1987, MTV began broadcasting the program Headbanger's Ball.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

The program was specifically dedicated to metal music videos.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Metal music, however, had begun to split into corner municipalities.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Smaller circles began to favor a more extreme style and began calling popular styles “lite metal” (light metal) or “hair metal” (hair metal).


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[50] One band that reached a diverse audience was Guns N' Roses.


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Metal music

The band was seen as more brutal and dangerous than their other Los Angeles counterparts.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

With their Appetite for Destruction (1987) listing success, Guns N' Roses “gave new power to the Sunset Strip's bullpen factory and almost single-handedly kept the phenomenon alive for more years.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

“[51] The following year Jane's Addiction appeared on the same Los Angeles hard rock club circuits.


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Metal music

The band gained attention with their first-born album Nothing's Shocking.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Rolling Stone magazine declared in a review of the album: “As much as any band in existence, Jane's Addiction is the true heir to Led Zeppelin.”


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

(Jane's Addiction is the true Led Zeppelin heir).


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[52] Jane's Addiction was the first band to be identified as a precursor to the alternative metal development trend.


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Metal music

Alternative metal would become the most prominent genre in the following decade.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Differentiation: 1980s, 1990s and 2000s Many subgenres of metal music developed outside the commercial mainstream in the 1980s.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[53] Several attempts have been made to map these subspecies.


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Metal music

Among the most prominent entrepreneurs are the editors of Allmusic, as well as Rock Detector's Garry Sharpe-Young.


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Metal music

Sharpe-Young's metal music reference work divides underground metal into five major categories: thrash metal, death metal, black metal, power metal, and doom metal and goth metal of the same lineage.


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Metal music

Speaking of this continuum, the term “heavy metal” was often shortened to merely “metal” or “metal music”, since the term heavy metal was no longer sufficient to determine the trend accurately enough.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

With the emergence of new metal genres, heavy metal has become a strong trendsetter and influence for metal bands from the 1980s onwards.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

However, the term “hevi” has remained very strong in the mouth of the people, and is still capable of understanding the entire spectrum of metal music.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Thrash metal Thrash metal emerged in the 1980s from hardcore punk and the New Wave of British Heavy Metal.


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Metal music

[54] The latter belongs especially in the relative of thrash metal, speed metal.


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Metal music

The trend began in the United States, and the leading districts were in the San Francisco Bay Area.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

The style developed by thrash metal bands was faster and more offensive, than that of their glam metal predecessors.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[54] Drawing solos are typically played on top of the guitar riffs in the lower register.


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Metal music

The lyrics typically express nihilistic perspectives.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Topics often deal with societal problems, and the vocabulary utilizes violent imagery.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

The already late bassist and vocalist of Type O Negative, Peter Steele, has described thrash metal as “urban destruction music” and “rap's pale-faced cousin.”


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Metal music

[55] The subgenre was made popular by the “big four of thrash” namely Anthrax, Megadeth, Metallica and Slayer.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

[56] German bands Kreator, Sodom and Destruction again brought the trend to Europe.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

In addition to these, Testament, Exodus, Overkill and Brazilian Sepultura contributed significantly to the trend.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Thrash emerged in small circles and remained a diminutive trend for a decade.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

However, leading ensembles soon began to reach larger audiences.


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Metal music

Metallica brought the style to Billboard's top 40 album charts with their album Master of Puppets.


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Metal music

Two years later, the band... And Justice for All reached number 6.


Question: Where was Dio born?

Metal music

Similarly, albums by Megadeth and Anthrax made it into the top 40 charts.