Question: Where was Marco Poulsen born?

Marco Poulsen

[2] Poulsen moved up to the ranks of Norwegian main league team Stjernen Hockey for the 2002—03 season.


Question: Where was Marco Poulsen born?

Marco Poulsen

He was the team's second top scorer and third best point man with power-ups of 17+22=39, with which he finished eighth in the league points exchange.


Question: Where was Marco Poulsen born?

Marco Poulsen

In the 2003—04 season, he was the best pitcher for Stjernen with Pasi Kanka and the second best point man after him.


Question: Where was Marco Poulsen born?

Marco Poulsen

However, Poulsen's contract was terminated after the season after he failed to fully adapt to the way the new coach played.


Question: Where was Marco Poulsen born?

Marco Poulsen

[1] Poulsen transferred to Asian League South Korean team Halla Winia for the 2004—05 season.


Question: Where was Marco Poulsen born?

Marco Poulsen

He was, along with his teammates Vesa Ponto and also Esa Tikkanen, who served as player-coach at Halla, one of the first Finnish players in the league's history.


Question: Where was Marco Poulsen born?

Marco Poulsen

Poulsen won the intra-team points, goals and assists exchange with powers of 17+33=50, with which he finished fifth in ALIH's points exchange.


Question: Where was Marco Poulsen born?

Marco Poulsen

Poulsen also beat Halla's internal power statistic with a reading of +39.


Question: Where was Marco Poulsen born?

Marco Poulsen

[2] Last season in Kiekko-Vantaa For the 2005—06 season, Poulsen returned to Finland and moved to the ranks of Mestis team Kiekko-Vantaa.


Question: Where was Marco Poulsen born?

Marco Poulsen

He was also named the club's director of sports and marketing at the same time.


Question: Where was Marco Poulsen born?

Marco Poulsen

[11] However, Poulsen was sidelined for weeks due to a knee injury sustained early in the season.


Question: Where was Marco Poulsen born?

Marco Poulsen

He also suffered a collarbone fracture during the season and eventually played only 29 games during the regular season.


Question: Where was Marco Poulsen born?

Marco Poulsen

Poulsen ended his playing career until the spring of 2006.


Question: Where was Marco Poulsen born?

Marco Poulsen

[1] National club Poulsen was voted the best player in the Pohjola camp in 1986.


Question: Where was Marco Poulsen born?

Marco Poulsen

[2] Change Poulsen's son Nicholas plays for the Vuosaari Vikings C2 Juniors, for which Father Poulsen serves as coach.


Question: Where was Marco Poulsen born?

Marco Poulsen

[12] Another son Elias also plays in the Vikings A juniors.


Question: Where was Marco Poulsen born?

Marco Poulsen

Statistics 1990—1991Bear Cats Division4024214528——————1991—1992Hifksm-League10000—————Hockey-Reipassm-League153140—————Kookooi Division104264—————Bear Cat Division171091918——————1992—1993 Division121216284————Hifksm League293252412341993—1994Bear Cats Division556116————Hifksm- Liague42101222430002HK Hradec Královéčel Q——————————————————————————————————1995—1996Tutosm-liiga 3614122618————Ilvessm-liiga 1558132——————1995—1996Tutosm-liiga 3614122618——————Ilvessm-liiga 1558132——————————————————————————TSM League497283516411201997—1998ÄSTSM League39121325263101998—1999HC Sierrenlb3322325426——————1999—2000AIK IFelitSerien110000———— Hammarby Ifallsvenskan81234—————Ässätsm-leagua50000—————Ahmati Division21122————HC Bolzanoitalia31450—————Gislaveds Skallsvenskan14461012————————2000—2001Epssuomen ii81784————JKT—JKT———mestis199142310—————Cardiff Devilsbisl1166122631422001—2002EPSSuomi series156142028—————Herlev EaglesDenmark1126810210122002—2003StJernen HockeyNorway2717223922———————2003—2004StJernen HockeyNorway3613213436410162004—2005Halla Winiaalih4117335028———————2005—2006WICKE-Vantaamestis294111534110308 Through the TotalSM League25857811381031433662 throughTotal Slave6330437358410161 SeasontotalH4117335028————————————————————————————————————————————1 seasonalalMalia31450————— Sources at References Category:Finnish ice hockey players Class:In 1971 Births Category:Living persons


Question: What is the area of Nauvoo?

Nauvo

Nauvo () is a former Finnish municipality in the province of Southwest Finland.


Question: What is the area of Nauvoo?

Nauvo

The municipality was formerly part of Turku and Pori County and then to Western Finland County.


Question: What is the area of Nauvoo?

Nauvo

Nauvo is mentioned in historical documents as early as 1395.


Question: What is the area of Nauvoo?

Nauvo

Neighbouring municipalities of Nauvo before the municipal union were Dragsfjärd, Korppoo, Parainen and Rymättylä.


Question: What is the area of Nauvoo?

Nauvo

The medieval grey-stone church in Nauvo dates from the 1430—1450s.


Question: What is the area of Nauvoo?

Nauvo

[1] The municipality was bilingual.


Question: What is the area of Nauvoo?

Nauvo

Seventy per cent of residents spoke Swedish as their native tongue and 29 per cent spoke Finnish in 2008.


Question: What is the area of Nauvoo?

Nauvo

Geography Nauvo, located between Emotenselselä and Gullkronanselä, consists of about 3000 islands, creatures and cliffs.


Question: What is the area of Nauvoo?

Nauvo

The main islands are Iso-Nauvo (Storlandet) and Little-Nauvo (Lillandet).


Question: What is the area of Nauvoo?

Nauvo

The island of Little Nauvo has the highest terrain point in Nauvo, the Kasberg reaching a height of about 60 metres above sea level.


Question: What is the area of Nauvoo?

Nauvo

The southernmost creatures of Nauvo are located on the edge of the Baltic Sea, almost 50 km from the main islands.


Question: What is the area of Nauvoo?

Nauvo

On the island of Seili, the former hospital is located at the Archipelago Research Institute of the University of Turku.


Question: What is the area of Nauvoo?

Nauvo

[2] History The northern islands of Nauvo have been found in the northern islands of the Bronze Age, and several other islands have so-called rustle kilns and jatula orchards from later times.


Question: What is the area of Nauvoo?

Nauvo

Some of the village names Kivis, Mielis, Poutuis and Sydän tell about the old Finnish settlement.


Question: What is the area of Nauvoo?

Nauvo

This suggests that the region was an area of enjoyment for the Finns proper before the arrival of Swedish settlers.


Question: What is the area of Nauvoo?

Nauvo

In documents, the keeper of Nauvo was first mentioned in 1395.


Question: What is the area of Nauvoo?

Nauvo

[2] The Nauvolese peasants were seafarers accustomed to their old age, and peasant sailing was practiced to several ports on the Baltic Sea already during Swedish rule.


Question: What is the area of Nauvoo?

Nauvo

[2] A hospital for leprosy was established on the island of Seil by order of King Gustav II Adolf in 1619, and a short time later the mentally ill and crippled people began to be housed there.


Question: What is the area of Nauvoo?

Nauvo

After the last leprosy patient had died in 1766, Seil Hospital served as a mental hospital until 1962.


Question: What is the area of Nauvoo?

Nauvo

As of 1889, the hospital housed only female patients.


Question: What is the area of Nauvoo?

Nauvo

Since 1964, Seili has been home to the Archipelago Sea Research Institute of the University of Turku.


Question: What is the area of Nauvoo?

Nauvo

[2] Parainen, Nauvo, Korppoo, Houtskari and Iniö merged in early 2009 to form the new city of West Turunmaa, [3] whose name was changed to Parais at the beginning of 2012.


Question: What is the area of Nauvoo?

Nauvo

Nauvo has a lively port, for example from Airisto a suitable day trip away.


Question: What is the area of Nauvoo?

Nauvo

Villages Antböle, Backas, Berghamn, Biskopsö, Borstö, Böle, Dalkarby, Druckis, Ernholm, Finby, Grännäs, Grötö, Gullkrona, Gyttja, Hangslax, Haverö, Humleholm, Högsar, Innamo, Jälist, Klobbnäs, Klobbnäs, Villages Koum, Krok, Kvivlax, Kvivlax, Käldinge, Käldö, Laggarnäs, Lökholm, Mattnäs, Mielis, Nötö, Packais, Pensar, Piparby, Poutuis, Prostvik, Pärnäinen (Pärnäs), Risis, Samslax, Sandholm, Sandö, Seili (Själö), Sexnappa, Sellmo, Simonkylä (Simonby), Sommarö, Spink, Stenskär, Strandby, Heart, Såris, Subs: Kork, Toras, Trunsö, Valmoholm, Vandrock, Vansor, Vikom, Vikperä, Väcklax.


Question: What is the area of Nauvoo?

Nauvo

Food culture Nauvo's keeper dishes were named lamb stew made up of boiled lamb meat, potatoes, onions and swede in the 1980s.


Question: What is the area of Nauvoo?

Nauvo

[4] The Port of Nauvo is home to L'Escale, a French-style restaurant opened in 1987.


Question: What is the area of Nauvoo?

Nauvo

[5] Other restaurants in Nauvo include Strandkrogen, Köpmans café & restaurant, Najaden Bar & Pizza Restaurant, Restaurant Naffu (ex.


Question: What is the area of Nauvoo?

Nauvo

Biffi), Restaurant Stallbacken and Pub Niska [6].


Question: What is the area of Nauvoo?

Nauvo

Sources On Topic Elsewhere * Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

A solar cell is a device for converting solar radiation into electrical energy by means of a photoelectric phenomenon.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The operation of the cell is based on two main principles: the incoming photon generates charge transporters in the absorbing semiconductor, which are collected in a consumer device or batteries.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Photovoltaics can also be produced from infrared light.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[1] The most common materials in solar cells are monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, gallium arsenide, and amorphous silicon.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

A single solar cell produces a relatively low voltage, so usually solar cells are connected in series and mounted in a rack as a so-called solar panel.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

When talking about photovoltaic photovoltaics, the term solar panel is usually used instead of a cell.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

History and Physics Albert Einstein explained the photoelectric phenomenon on which silicon-based solar cells are based.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The photoelectric phenomenon was first observed in the 1830s, but it was not until the 1880s that the phenomenon began to be understood even on some level.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

At the time Hertz discovered that illuminating the surface facilitated the escape of something (in 1887), we know these particles as electrons.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

This idea was by no means revolutionary, as the existence of a surface potential energy zone was already known.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Edison discovered in 1883 that heating the material to a very high temperature released electrons (Edison felt no electron).


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The smallest energy at which an electron detaches from the surface of the piece is called the release work (f) and is the material constant.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The bodies used by Hertz were not hot enough for the electron to be dislodged by thermal energy.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[2] In 1886—1900, German physicists Wilhelm Hallwachs and Philipp Lenard studied the photoelectric phenomenon in detail and obtained rather unexpected results: when monochromatic light hits the cell, electrons were not shed unless the frequency of the light used was higher than the cutoff frequency; the used the intensity of the light does not affect the stopping voltage (the voltage at which the passage of electrons from the cathode to the anode is blocked).


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Classical physics was unable to explain the properties of the photoelectric phenomenon; instead, an electron and Max Planck's quantum hypothesis were required to do so.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

In 1905, Albert Einstein developed an accurate analysis of the photoelectric phenomenon by assuming that a light beam consists of small energy packets, which he called photons or quantums.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Upon hitting the surface of the piece, the photon is absorbed by the electron, but contrary to classical physics's notion of energy transfer, the electron receives either the energy of the whole photon or nothing.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

If the energy of the absorbable photon is greater than the decoupling work, the electron can escape from the surface.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Higher intensity while the frequency remains the same means an increase in the number of electrons emitted per second, that is, a higher voltage.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

For the majority of metals, the cutoff frequency is in the UV range, but for oxides of potassium and caesium, the cutoff frequency is in the visible light range.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[2] Applications Solar cells are used for example in satellites orbiting the earth, space probes, portable devices such as pocket calculators and wristwatches and in areas beyond the reach of the power grid, for example, for lighting and water pumping.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

98.7% of the electricity generated by solar cells in 2008 was connected to the electricity grid, in the EU and 3% in Finland.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[3] The Helsinki Ecological Construction Area in Viikki is Finland's first residential apartment building using photovoltaic electricity.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

A fifth of real estate electricity is generated by solar cells.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The system is connected to Helsingin Energia's electricity distribution network, to which excess solar electricity accumulates during the summer period enters.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

There are 39 apartments in the house.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Electric power is 24 kW.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Solar cells are part of the balcony facades.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Residents can monitor generated energy and radiated power in real time from the internet.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The project is part of the EU PV-Nord project.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[4] [5] [6] In Viikki it was planned to sell electricity to Helsingin Energia so that the same amount of electricity would have subsequently been obtained if necessary.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

It was blocked by the IRS and Customs.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Since the regulations made it impossible to sell electricity, the Helsinki Energy Department receives extra electricity for the time being free of charge (in 2007).


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

In 2007, solar cells generated 16% of the electricity used in this building.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[7] In Germany, more than 90% of systems are connected to the electricity grid.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Two of the world's then largest PV solar parks were completed in Bavaria in 2006:12 MW Gut Erlase and 10 MW Pocking.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The Pocking Park has six 1.67 MW units, 57600 panels, and covers an area of 10 football pitches, or 7.5 ha.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The modules are in four rows and have a combined length of 16.5 km.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The park will reduce carbon dioxide emissions compared to fossil fuels by 10,000 tons per year for 20 years.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The system was developed by Shell Solar.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The system was inaugurated exactly one day after the 20th anniversary of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant disaster.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[8] [9] [10] Google planned in 2006 to build a 1.6 MW system at its headquarters.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger's goal is to install 3000 MW solar cells in California (2017).


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[11] Traditionally, popular applications for solar cells have been small items disconnected from the mains, such as water pumps and pocket calculators.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

As a propulsion producer for summer cottages, caravans, boats and automotive air conditioners, they are common.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Refrigerators, freezers, communications equipment and laptops get electricity from solar cells even in the wilderness.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Remote sites, such as beacons or access points, make the most sense to electrify with solar energy or a hybrid system by connecting to the grid.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

An important future application of solar energy might be to electrolytically decompose water into hydrogen and oxygen for fuel cells.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[12] ESA has developed a solar-powered car and a Husqvarna lawnmower.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

In Germany, 3.5 MW was installed in cars, traffic lights jms in 2006.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[11] In particular, China, Germany and Japan support the construction of solar cells.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Solar cell The typical life of cells is about 30 years.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Solar cells can be divided into flat thickness plate cells (flat-plate PV), where sunlight directly generates electricity, as well as concentrating solar cells (CPV), where sunlight is concentrated or concentrated for the production of electricity.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Plate cells typically have a peak power of 5—300 W. The peak power output of CPV cells ranges from 0.5 to 40 kilowatts.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The CPV market is currently growing fastest.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

In 2004, CPV accounted for one percent of the market.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[13] The efficiency of solar cells depends on the amount of solar radiant energy, that is, it depends on the latitudes of the region, the local climate, and the amount of air pollution.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

At best, solar energy systems are in sunny countries located on both sides of the equator. [12].


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

However, the power of most solar cells decreases as the temperature rises and daylight in the north is obtained around the clock during the summer period, so the annual solar energy can be economically exploited even in northern latitudes.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[14] On the other hand, the wider arc of the summer sun on the ecliptic is accompanied by a difficulty in energy recovery, which can be corrected, for example, by monitoring, which, although it complicates the equipment and increases its price.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Production of solar cells See also statistics Solar energy generation in Solar energy.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

In the 1990s, the PV (photovoltaic) market grew at an annual rate of 33%: 60 MW (1994) to 1 GW (2004).


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

In 2004, capacity increased by 60%.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

80% of the new systems were connected to the network (2004).


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The increase is most significant in Germany, Japan and some US states such as California, New Jersey and Arizona.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The increase has been caused by a momentary shortage of silicon materials.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

It has given an instantaneous market advantage to thin-film materials and centralizing solar cells.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The largest producer of solar cells in 2010 was China (13,018.4 MWp — megawatt-peak).


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The largest producer of solar cells in Europe was Germany (2 656,2 MWp, 9.8% share of global solar cell production) [15].


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Solar cell production areas in 2007 were divided as follows: Europe 29%, Japan 25%, China 22%, Taiwan 10%, USA 7% and others 8%.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[16] If the companies' expansion releases and estimates are realized, the solar cell generating capacity would be 4.8 GW 2006/2007.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[17] Silicon production volumes have been a limiting factor.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

2006-2008 annual production can increase by up to 2 GW.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Solar cell production was 1.7 GW in 2005, 1.15 GW in 2004 and 0.56 GW in 2002.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The light energy market grew by 40% in 2001 and 2002.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

By country, the producers in 2005 were: Japan 830 MW, Europe 470 MW, China 200 MW and USA 150 MW.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Market shares by country 2002 and (1997): Japan 44% (25%), Europe 25% (23%) and USA 20% (41%).


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Although the price is still higher than other forms of energy, the potential for solar energy as affordable energy is high.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Increase in production lowers the price and development raises power.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

According to experience, doubling production has reduced the price by 20%.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Sharp predicts efficiency will rise from 17% to 23% to 24% in the 2010s.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

European Q-Cells doubled its production in 2005.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Japanese companies Sharp and Kyocera increased their production by 30% in 2005.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Sanyo grew to become the fourth-largest Japanese company from seven farms.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

China's solar cell output tripled from 65 MW to 200 MW in 2005.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

At the end of 2005, China had a production capacity of 300 MW.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Three Chinese companies have announced that they will expand their production by 1500 MW by 2008-2010 (Nanjing CEEG PV Tech, Yingli Solar and Suntech Power).


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[18] According to the Americans, world thin film PV production was 85 MW in 2005 and they anticipate a 2008 capacity of 500 MW, half of which in the US.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

United Solar Ovonic produced amorphous silicone solar cells of 22 MW (2005).


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

First Solar produced cadmium-telluride (CdTe) thin film cells at 20 MW in 2005.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The company plans to expand to 100 MW (2007).


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Shell Solar's thin film cells are based on copper indium diselenide (CIG), to which gallium Ga and sulfur S (CIGSS) are added.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The efficiency is 11.7% — researchers have obtained an efficiency to 19%.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The cells have been sold in Europe since 2006.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[19] Solibro AB and Q-Cells, a Swedish company studying thin film cells, formed a joint venture to commercialize products in November 2006.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The initial plant has a capacity of 25-30 MW in Thalheim.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[11] Costs According to the United States Department of Energy, the payback period for multicrystalline cells is 2—4 years and 1—2 years for thin-film cells.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[20] The feed-in tariff system supports the adoption of renewable energy in almost all industrialised countries.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Greece enacted the Solar Energy Act in February 2007, Italy on 25 August 2006 and Spain on 26 March 2007.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Greece's guarantee tariff is bigger than Germany too.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Spain's price support is 44 euro cents/kWh for 25 years.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[21] Sweden gives 60% aid to public buildings as of May 2006 for the installation of solar cells [22].


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

In Finland, companies and entities can receive aid at a maximum of 60% of the costs.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[23] Future According to EPIA (9/2008) solar cells (PV) can generate 12% of Europe's electricity in 2020.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The price of solar cells has fallen by 20% as capacity doubled.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

According to the German Solar Industry Association (BSW-Solar), in Germany, the price of solar electricity installed has fallen by 35% from 2006 to the end of 2008.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[24] Technological advances and mass production are driving down in price.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Therefore, the industry target is 40% annual growth.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[25] The price of solar cells has been slowly decreasing compared to other semiconductor products such as microcircuits.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

For cost reasons, a quality unfit for microcircuit production has been used in the manufacture of solar cells for silicon wafer, the quantity of which has been limited.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

With the release of solar cells from monocrystalline silicon, this dependence has remained secondary.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

In the future, efforts to avoid the greenhouse effect will help progress in solar cell technology.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The European PV Industry Association (EPIA) and Greenpeace estimate a capacity of 200 GW in 2020 and 2040 at 25% of total world electricity consumption.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[26] EPIA, or European Solar Cell Industry Association, predicts solar cells will be competitive at peak hours in Southern Europe in 2015 and the rest of Europe in 2020.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

According to EPIA, solar power will develop into a major cheap source of electricity in the coming decades.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[27] Solar cell targets: Japan 4,820 MW (2010), Italy 1,000 MW (2015), Korea 1300 MW (2012) [11] and USA 5-10 GW (2015) [11] (p.100) and USA 30 GW (2020).


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[28] The EU estimates that 4500 MW of solar cells have been installed in Germany in 2010.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[29] The disadvantage of solar energy is the periodicity of sunshine and the cost of investment.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Problems caused by periodicity can be eliminated by control power and energy storage.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Countries investing in solar cells and competition in the sector have introduced a feed-in tariff system to support small producers.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Solar cells are also used to power experimental cars, but the powers are still small and solar cars have so far only been raced in Australia and other light-filled countries.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Equipping the periphery of the Sahara and other similar dry areas with irrigation systems used by solar cells has some great dreams, which become easier to come true as technology advances.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Satellite solar power is expensive and so far only at the research stage.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Japan and the United States have planned to send solar power plants, or satellites, into space with mile-long solar cells attached.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The electricity generated would be transferred to the ground apparently by microwaves or an IR laser.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Nasa was already putting forward the construction of a space power station in the 1970s


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Under the plan, that would have been enough to cover the entire U.S. electricity need.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

In the 1980s, there were rumors that the Soviet Union was experimenting with wireless electricity transmission from space to earth.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

There are such major safety concerns with this technology that it will not be implemented in the near future.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Solar panels are also planned to be placed on the moon around the moon, forming a chain of solar panels that would provide electricity to future lunar bases regardless of the time of day.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Electrical power for most spacecraft is generated by solar cells, since alternatives include only a fuel cell (e.g. in use at Apollo) and nuclear energy (e.g. Cassini probe).


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

In this case, the ship's operating voltage is 28 V, 40 V, 100 V DC or 400 V AC (e.g. ISS space station) and power consumption from tens of watts to hundreds of kilowatts.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Engineering Theory Solar energy is renewable energy that has no fuel costs and does not generate carbon dioxide emissions or waste.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

However, the use of solar cells has been slowed by the high price of the cell.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The development direction has been to reduce costs, improve efficiency and the development of materials.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The cost of manufacturing solar cells is reduced by 2 to 4 per cent each year due to technical development and the benefits of large production.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The most important raw material for photoelectric cells is silicon, which is abundantly present on Earth for industrial needs.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Criticism of solar cells is often directed at low efficiency and emissions from manufacturing.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Indeed, emissions from manufacturing are quite high, but with current technology they can be reduced.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The efficiency of solar cells depends, in addition to the cell's manufacturing materials and techniques, partly on the spectrum of radiation entering the cell.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Some of the radiation is already reflected from the surface of the cell, which aims to reduce the importance by selecting as weakly reflective material as possible to the surface.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Also, the absorption of radiation into the surface layers reduces efficiency, the importance of which is reduced by appropriate material choices.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

In physics, solar radiation is thought to consist of tiny massless particles, photons, that contain a certain amount of energy.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

In solar cells, photons are absorbed into a p-type semiconductor, releasing electrons in a photoelectric phenomenon, after first passing through the n-type layer and pn-junction.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[12] To maximize efficiency, efforts are made to adjust the properties of the p-type material so that most electrons are released as close to the junction as possible so that the electric field is able to assist electrons through the top of the cell into the external circuit.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Naturally, the absorption of photons is aimed at getting as large as possible, and thus releasing as many electrons as possible.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

And on top of all that, the confluence of electrons with openings must be prevented as efficiently as possible


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

To implement these requirements, impurities, i.e. other atoms, are added to extremely pure semiconductor raw material at precisely defined locations.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Reflections from the surface are reduced in at least two different ways: by covering the surface with several layers of suitable material, for example silicon monoxide, or by treating the cell surface with chemicals to reflect the surface reflections back into the cell.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[12] Researchers from the Los Alamos laboratory have been able to demonstrate experimentally that by using nanocrystalline semiconductor, the amount of electricity generated by solar cells can be increased by up to 35% from the current level.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Against the background of the increase in efficiency, the fact that a nanocrystalline semiconductor releases several electrons at once and uses up the energy of photons entering the cell more accurately than before.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The basic principle of the cell does not change, but the invention is about exploiting a phenomenon called multiplication of drivers, known since the 1950s: a photon entering the cell disconnects one electron from the semiconductor, but the excess energy does not turn into heat. passes in a process called collision ionization to another electron.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

A significant increase in efficiency requires nano-class semiconductors, as conventional methods would only increase efficiency by about one percent.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

In practice, the phenomenon described above means a doubling of the number of electrons shedding from the hit of a photon.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[30] For most efficient solar cell materials, the magnitude of the decoupling work is in the range of 1.0—1.6 eV.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Photons with energy only slightly higher than the removal work release electrons without generating excess heat.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

If the energy of the photon is less than the decoupling work, the photon will not be able to dislodge the electron, and the entire energy of the photon will be released as waste heat.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

If, on the other hand, the energy of the photon is significantly greater than the decoupling work, the excess photon energy is released as waste heat.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Most solar cells are unable to utilize more than 55% of the energy of solar radiation, as either the decoupling work or the energy required by the drivers exceeds the energy of the incoming photons.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The aim is to optimize semiconductors used in cells to benefit as much of the energy from radiation hitting the cells as possible.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

25% of the incoming photons have energy lower than the decoupling work, while 30% of the incoming energy is consumed by internal processes in the cell (for example, heat and light).


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Thus, in addition to manufacturing technology and materials, the efficiency of the cell is influenced by the operating conditions.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The amount of electricity generated by a solar cell can be increased by using concentrators that target the cells of solar radiation hitting a wider area, thereby increasing the intensity of radiation hitting the cell.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

It is therefore a kind of vippaskonst, the problem of which, though, is a stronger than normal warming of the cell and other structures.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

There are losses associated with centering systems, i.e. lenses and mirrors, and reflection from concentrators is also a significant factor.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[12] Getting electrons released in a solar cell into the external circuit is an important part of solar energy technology, since the contacts needed to transfer electrons should not cover more than a few percent of the cell surface and should conduct well in all directions.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

What materials are used in the contacts and how they are installed on the surface of the cell is a significant factor in the efficiency and price of the cell.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Solar cells are usually assembled into larger entities called modules and arrays.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

An entire solar energy system can be thought of as consisting of three parts: power output, i.e. solar cells producing direct current; a load that can be powered by equal or alternating current; between these is a very significant subsystem, called system equilibrium, which converts the electricity generated by the cell to be usable for the load.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

This subsystem includes a module mounting system, current and voltage filtration components and, if necessary, an alternating direction.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Also storage belongs to this system.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[12] Solar cell mounting systems must be durable and long-lasting, as they are constantly at the mercy of weather.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Batteries often included in autonomous solar power systems need to be replaced every five to ten years, these systems may also include a diesel generator or small wind turbine.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Bigger solar plants use tracing systems to obtain maximum energy output, meaning arrays are attached to motorized attachments that keep the cells at an optimum angle to the sun.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Voltage control is an important part of energy production, as over and under voltages can be destructive.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The increasing prevalence of solar energy systems is down to the price and availability of systems and their lifespan.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The development of battery technology is extremely important, as solar energy systems require efficient batteries that should not lower the efficiency of the system much.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

With modern technology, the use of batteries reduces the efficiency by about 20%.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[12] The design of solar cells must take into account how the light hits the cell, because the light can either hit the cell directly or may be reflected, for example, from clouds or from the ground.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Concentrator systems can only take advantage of light directly hitting them, while flat cells are able to take advantage of the reflected component.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The amount of light entering the cell directly varies from 0 to 90%.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[12] Materials In 2004, silicon-based materials dominated in market shares: polycrystalline silicon 62%, monocrystalline silicon 29%, amorphous silicon 5% and ribbon silicon () 4%.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Thin film technology (polycrystalline cadmium-telluride CdTe, copper indium gallium-diselenide [CIGS] and amorphous silicon [A-Si]) had a market share of less than 10% (2004).


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Thin film technologies, among other things, save on semiconductor material costs and allow more automation.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The technology might evolve to be more affordable than others.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[13] Solar cells can be divided into silicon-based and thin-film technology based cells.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Silicon-based cells with a functional component between 100 and 300 µm are not as interesting for industry as thin-film cells with functional component thickness of 1 to 10 µm, as thin film technology requires fewer raw materials and is more easily applicable for mass production.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Silicon, like other semiconductors in solar cells, exist in several types: single- and polycrystalline, as well as amorphous.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Properties of a semiconductor such as the size and structure of the crystal depend on the type of substance.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The atoms of monocrystalline silicon form a highly regular crystal structure with a crystal size greater than 10 cm.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The crystal structure of materials consisting of several smaller crystals is not as regular as that of monocrystalline materials, as due to the small size of the crystals, the attraction forces between atoms or molecules in crystals become relevant.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[12] The behaviour of electrons in silicon atoms in silicon crystals is a major factor in considering the photoelectric phenomenon occurring in silicon crystals, as the principle of formation of crystals is peculiar.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Some thin film cells can be described by an n-i-p structure, where n and p are different types of semiconductors, an n-type semiconductor has extra electrons, and the p-type has extra gaps.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

An electric field is formed over the P/N junction because the gaps and electrons constantly switch sides, meaning two semiconductors behave like a battery, so they can be used in different circuits.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

A solar cell can be considered a diode.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Amorphous silicon is a very interesting material in terms of thin film technology and is currently very much studied as its properties make it a leading thin film material.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Nanocrystalline and “small-grain” polycrystalline silicon are nominated as replacements for amorphous silicon.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[12] Shell Solar switched production in 2006 in Europe from traditional silicon technology to CIS thin film technology (copper indium diselenide).


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[11] The PV Industry Association and Greenpeace estimate capacity at 200 GW in 2020 and production at 25% of total world electricity consumption in 2040.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[26] The U.S.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

PV Industry forecasts a US capacity (2020) of 36 GW, less than 5% of current potential capacity.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Capacity increases as technology advances.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[13] Other materials used in polycrystalline thin film technology include copper indium diselenide and cadmium tellurium, with n-i-p as CDS-Cdte-Znte written in chemical markers.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Both of the above materials efficiently absorb photons and are superior to their predecessors in manufacturing technology.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Monocrystalline thin film technology uses gallium arsenide, which has a wide range of applicability, as gallium arsenide is highly resistant to radiation even making it an ideal material for space applications.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Gallium arsenide can be deposited with slightly different compositions to give improved efficiency and export efficiency only closer and closer to the theoretical limit.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Production of cells based on thin film technology is generally wide-ranging, i.e., occurs over a large surface area and can be automated; cells based on thin film technology are also pliable.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[12] Third Generation Colour Sensitized Solar Cell Third generation solar cells are in the early stages of development, but are expected to reduce production costs considerably.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

New cells can be coated on glass or wall surface, for example, and cells can be produced in large sets inexpensively.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Michael Grätzel was honored with the Millennium Prize in 2010 for his development of third generation dye sensitized solar cells.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The principle of operation of the cell resembles natural photosynthesis and is known as the Grätzel cell or Dye-sensitised solar cell, DSC (kts.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

link EN:).


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

In the arguments for the Millennium Prize, the Grätzel cell is considered a promising alternative to the dominant silicon-based solar cell technology.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

DSC cells are made from inexpensive materials and no complex equipment is required for production.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The dye sensitized cell has nanoscale titanium dioxide particles coated with light-absorbing dye particles and embedded in an electrolyte solution.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The cell can be made from simple substances in home conditions; red absorbent can be obtained from raspberries, for example, and oxides of titanium from white titanium oxide paint.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

As light hits the dye particles, electrons, carriers of positive charge, are released.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

A semiconducting titanium dioxide particle layer leads electrons to an external circuit.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

DSC cells have a 12% efficiency in the laboratory and 9% efficiency under actual operating conditions [31].


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

According to Grätzel, the benefit gap to silicon-based cells may narrow in real-world conditions because the DSC cell should work more efficiently in cloudy and even rainy conditions.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The DSC cell also does not lose its power when temperature rises, like silicon-based cells.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Companies In 2004, the top 10 companies accounted for 80% of the market and the rest was split between 30 companies.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The 1.2GW solar cell increase was distributed among companies in order: Sharp (jp) 27% (314 MW), Kyocera (jp) 9%, BP Solar (us, es, aut, in) 7%, Q-Cells (de) 6%, Mitsubishi Electric (jp) 6%, Shell Solar (us, de) 6.0%, Sanyo (jp 5)%, RWE — Schott Solar (de, USA) 5%, Isophoton (es) 5%, Motech (tw) 3% and others 20%.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[17] The sector is rapidly growing.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Companies in Europe Europe solar cell turnover amounted to 9.2 billion.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

€ in 2007 and 5.7 billion.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

€ in 2006.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

European employment reached 70,000 people in 2007.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

In Germany, solar cells are manufactured by 8 companies: Deutsche Cell, ERSOL Solar Energy, EverQ, Q-Cells, Scheuten Solar (before Shell Solar), Schott Solar, Solarwatt Cells and Sunways.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[11] In 2007, there were more than 10 000 related enterprises and 80 parts production companies in Germany.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The German Solar Industry Federation estimates that solar cells employed 6000 companies in the country and had a turnover of €3.8 billion in 2006.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

According to BSW, German sales were 5.46 billion.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

€ in 2007 and 4.45 billion.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

€ in 2006.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Germany had 15 factories under construction in 2008, equivalent to 10,000 jobs.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

German employment increased from 30,000 to 40,000 (50% installation, 43% production and 7% sales).


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

In 1997, 5-/% of Finland's 400,000 summer cottages had solar cells as a source of electricity.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

In Finland, Neste Oil's NAPS was the biggest seller.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The market leaders were: Siemens 18 MW, Kyocera 12 MW, Solarex 8 MW, BP 8 MW, Solec 3,5MW, Astropower 3 MW, ASE 3 MW, Photowatt 2.5 MW, Eurosolar 2.5 MW, Isophoton 2 MW and NAPS (Finland) 2 MW.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Total production was 93 MW.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[33] Companies in the United States There are among others.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

GE (acquired AstroPower in 2006), BP Solar, United Solar Ovonic and First Solar.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Schott Solar and Solarworld planned in 2008 to increase production in America.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

There was still a shortage of silicon in 2008, but 2010 production is estimated at 8,000 to 10,000 MWp.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Sharp has stated that it will build a 1,000 MWp amorphous silicon cell plant by 2010.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[32] Companies in Japan Japan The largest PV manufacturer is Sharp.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

In Japan, production is 0.71 GW/year.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[34] The company has a plant in Wales for the European market, which it expanded in 2007 to double 220 MW/a.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[35] Other Japanese companies include


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Sanyo (260 MW/a 2007), Kyocera and Mitsubishi.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Associations The International Energy Agency (IEA) has a Photovoltaic power systems program, which in 2006 had 21 members: EPIA, the European Union, Netherlands, Spain, United Kingdom, Italy, Austria, Greece, Norway, Portugal, France, Sweden, Switzerland, Denmark, Australia, Israel. Japan, Canada, Korea, Mexico and the United States.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[11] The Association of European Industries is The European Photovoltaic Industry Association, or EPIA.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

It has 110 members.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

It represents 95% of European cells and 80% of global solar cell production.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The Japan Photovoltaic Energy Association (JPEA) has set a goal for Japan to be the world's leading PV country.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

PV-ERA NET is a European network of solar cell research and development programs.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The goal is to strengthen research with a network.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The EU supports the project.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

The network has 20 members from 13 countries.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

There are no members from Finland yet.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

[41] See also Solar collector Semiconductor industry Sustainability by region and country Perovskite solar cell Sources Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

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Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

VTT Energia, Energy in Finland, Edita, Helsinki 1999 References elsewhere (pdf) Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

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Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

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Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

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Question: When was the solar cell invented?

Solar cell

Category:Solar Energy Category:Semiconductors Category:Electricity Category:Key articles of screening Category:Energy collection


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Ethics (, from the word, Ēthos, established customs) is a field of study that studies morality and related issues such as principles of ethical action, right and wrong, good living, and the nature of values and ethical claims.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

[1] Traditionally, Western ethics is a sub-field of philosophy.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Western ethics and its study are also referred to as moral philosophy, moral doctrine, or philosophical ethics.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Ethics is tied to other thinking in that answers to ethical questions often depend on answers to questions about the perception of reality or other aspects of thinking.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

[1] The three key areas of ethics studied within Western analytic philosophy are metaethics, which studies ethical concepts and the nature and basis of moral language, normative ethics, which determines ethical norms, i.e., rules, and applied ethics, which studies application of ethical values.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

[2] Other aspects of ethics include a descriptive, or descriptive, ethics that seeks to explain human action in practice.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

The theory of value studies the nature of values.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

General Ethics Basic Questions How should we live?


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

How should other individuals be treated?


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

What should be included in the scope of ethical reflection?


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

What makes an act right or wrong?


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

What do we mean when we say we should do something or that we should not do something?


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

According to what principle should an actor choose what acts he or she commits?


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

What ethical rules should he follow?


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Key terms related to ethics Altruism refers to putting the interest of others before self-interest.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

It is the opposite of egoism, that is, self-interest thinking.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Anthropocentric means a human-centered perspective on ethics.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

According to this traditional view, objects of nature other than man are not considered intrinsic.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Value indicates an ideal, thing considered to be pursued, characteristic, or state of affairs.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Often values are divided into intrinsic values pursued for their own sake and tools for achieving set goals.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Sometimes there is also talk of unwanted invalues.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Biocentric, or nature-centric.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

A view that considers the intrinsic value of living nature as a starting point.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Its opposite is anthropocentric ethics.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Hedonism means the pursuit of pleasure and valuing pleasure as a moral end.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Virtue is a morally valuable character trait, for example courage or righteousness.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Individualism is individualism, while collectivism focuses on the morality of the community as a whole.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

The norm, that is, a moral code, for example, do not steal.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Modern trends in ethics Metaethics Metaethics is a subfield of ethics that studies the nature of moral criticisms and theories, the terms of their validity, and the origin and meaning of ethical concepts.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Metaethics explores questions and possibility of moral philosophy above all from the perspectives of ontology, epistemology, and philosophical and empirical moral psychology.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

The field of metaethics includes theoretical underlying assumptions in other areas of ethics, and questions about the possibility of moral concepts at all.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Metaethical positions include moral cognitivism and non-cognitivism, ethical realism or value-objectivism, ethical or value subjectivism, and ethical internalism and externalism.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Normative ethics Normative ethics is the philosophical study of ethical norms.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

It seeks to answer the question of what, by and large, is a morally right and wrong action.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Theories of normative ethics attempt to express, on a general level, why certain acts or types of action are right or wrong.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

The most well-known theories of normative ethics are usually divided into three categories: obligation ethics, consequential ethics, and virtue ethics.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

[2] Obligation ethics, or deontological ethics, determines the moral value of actions based on the general principle justifying acts.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Obligation-ethical theory may give, for example, a specific list of acts that may or may not be committed (the rule may be, for example, “killing a conscious individual is always forbidden”).


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Obligation ethics may also provide one fundamental code of ethics under which other permanent code of ethics are derived.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Subgenres of obligation ethics include Kantian obligation ethics, contract theories, legal ethics, ethics based on divine revelation theory, and libertarian ethics.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Consequential ethics Consequence ethics determine the moral value of actions based on the intended consequences of these acts.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

The best-known form of consequential ethics is utilitarianism (engl.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

utility, “benefit”).


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Consequential ethics can set, for example, ethical action as the guiding principle that one must always strive to commit the act which results in the greatest possible benefit for all people.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Principles such as this differ from obligation ethics in that, according to the ethics of duty, some certain acts are always prohibited, whereas it follows from the basic principle of consequential ethics that someone normally regarded as an act of disapproval may, in some certain situations, be morally impermissible acceptable.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Subspecies of utilitarianism include actiutilitarianism and ruleutilitarianism.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Virtue ethics Virtue ethics asks what virtues a morally functioning individual should possess.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Qualities considered virtues may include things like benevolence, courage, and reasonableness.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Representatives of virtue ethics include Aristotle.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

According to Aristotle, an individual should behave virtuously and develop virtues, instead of simply committing individual good deeds.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Aristotle's work The Ethics of Nicomakhus, for example, places emphasis on context like later situational utilitarianism — an act that is right in some situation might be wrong in some other situation.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

In contrast to such thinking, one can consider the ethics of Immanuel Kant, which focuses mostly on individual acts.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Descriptive ethics Descriptive, or descriptive ethics, is the empirical examination of the moral action and thought of human beings, i.e. moral agents.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Descriptive ethics may include examining rules of ethics, judicial and mediation practices, and value choices made by ordinary individuals in ordinary life situations.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

At the same time, descriptive ethics approaches social psychology, sociology, social sciences, political research, and economics.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Applied Ethics Applied ethics is a philosophical trend, particularly in the late 20th century, which seeks to seek answers to practical ethical dilemmas by applying theories of philosophical ethics in the analysis of practical situations.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Examples of ethical dilemmas in practice include abortion, animal rights, euthanasia, military service, and cloning.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Theories of normative ethics such as obligation ethics or utilitarianism can be applied to practical problems.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

One form of applied ethics is what is known as casuistics, or case-by-case ethics.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Traditional theories may be considered ill-suited to complex problems in practice.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

However, knowledge of moral philosophical problems and principles is considered useful when solving practical ethical problems.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Areas of applied ethics include medical ethics, bioethics, business ethics, environmental ethics, human rights, animal rights, communication ethics, research ethics, legislative ethics, love ethics, situational ethics, sports ethics, and international ethics.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Other Ethics Trends In addition, there are other kinds of trends in Western ethics that have arisen in part as a criticism of the notions presented above.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

These newer approaches include at least the following trends: Feminist ethics Global ethics Continental ethics Pragmatist ethics, from whose perspective theories of ethics can be studied scientifically.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

[3] History Ethics is considered to have entered Western philosophy with the involvement of Socrates and sophists in the 4th century BCE.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

The so-called pre-socratics that lived before this encompassed philosophy mainly as natural philosophy, i.e., physics.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

In antiquity, philosophy was often divided into physics, ethics, and dialectics.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Today, ethics is a major part of both analytical and continental philosophy.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Ancient ethics The central concept in all ancient Greek culture and ancient ethics was virtue (aretē).


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

It meant all kinds of character goodness and excellence.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

The traditional four virtues were practical wisdom, reasonableness, fairness, and valor.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Many sophists concluded that traditional moral values were merely manners and agreements, and that the most useful thing was to live according to one's own interests and even if acting unfairly if you didn't catch it.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

The moral philosophical systems of Plato and Aristotle can be seen as systematic attempts to meet this challenge.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

[4] In Plato's early dialogues, Socrates is presented as searching above all else for the meaning of key concepts of morality such as “virtue”, “justice” and “piety”.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Plato linked virtues to the harmony of the soul, and such a virtuous life was best for the soul.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Aristotle considered happiness (eudaimonia) to be the highest end of human life.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

A virtuous life was about living on a “golden mean” guided by reason.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

[4] During the period of Hellenistic philosophy, ethics became the principal object of philosophy.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

The Epicuroans associated good with pleasure, advocating hedonism.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

For the Stoics, a good life was living according to “natural law” or “nature”.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Like cynics, they held that goodness is contained in the state of the soul itself — wisdom and self-discipline.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Thus their view aligned with Plato and Aristotle in that living according to nature was living according to reason.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

[4] Christian ethics The moral philosophy of medieval Europe seeks to combine Christian ethics with ancient ethics.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

The most famous synthesis was formed by Thomas Aquinese, who saw Aristotle's teleological human goal, happiness, as the same as bliss in the presence of God.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

God was the ultimate goal of everything.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Thomas determined four cardinal virtues and three theological virtues.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

The cardinal virtues were the same as in ancient Greece.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

They are natural, declared in nature, and apply to all humans.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

[5] The theological virtues were faith, hope and love.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

They are supernatural in nature and stand out from other virtues in that their object is God.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Intellectual and moral virtues, on the other hand, are conceivable by our reason.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Because of this, theological virtues are distinctly distinct from them.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

[6] Ethical Naturalism and Utilitarianism British 17th- and 18th-century moral philosophers sought the basis of morality from nature.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

The main questions were whether morality was based on man's ultimate self-love or benevolence, and whether moral criticisms were based on reason or emotion.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

[4] Thomas Hobbes considered men to be egotistical by their ultimate nature, and morality had no value to him unless it was guaranteed by political authority.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Hobbes's view was opposed both by rationalist believers in the guidance of reason (Samuel Clarke, Ralph Cudworth) and by arguments that believe in the benevolence of man (Lord Shaftesbury, Francis Hutcheson).


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

David Hume represents the culmination of the British moral philosophy of the time.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

For him, the central ethical concept was the pan-human “sympathy”, the ability to put himself in the position of others.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

[4] Jeremy Bentham was the first shaper of modern utilitarianism.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

For him, the “principle of usefulness” was the touchstone of all morality and legislation.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Bentham emphasized the pleasure principle as guiding human behavior.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Another significant figure for the development of utilitarianism is John Stuart Mill, who expanded on Bentham's original idea, and considered pleasures to differ not only in quantity but also in quality.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

[4] Kantian and post-Kant ethics Immanuel Kant's ethics and its essential component, the categorical imperative, were a stark contrast to utilitarianism.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

According to Kant, the only good thing in itself was “good will”, which motivated a person to do his own duty solely for its own sake.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

His moral obligations man was capable of reasoning with his mind.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Thus Kantian ethics pits itself not only against utilitarianism but against all ethical naturalism.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

[4] Among Kant's post-19th-century German philosophers Arthur Schopenhauer, G. W. F. Hegel, and Friedrich Nietzsche, is united by opposition to Kantian ethics.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Schopenhauer countered that Kant separated morality from human natural sensations.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

According to Hegel, man may have wanted anything to be a universal law consistent with the categorical imperative, and the detection of contradiction could only be because moral values were already given.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

According to Hegel, they came from social institutions and practices.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

For him, ethics was first and foremost a social phenomenon.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

[4] For Nietzsche, one “morality” did not exist, there were only different morals.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

[4] Modern ethics In contemporary philosophy, the primary interest of moral philosophers has been metaethics.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

G.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

In his book Principia Ethica, E. Moore criticized the so-called naturalistic error inference (compare Hume's law).


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

According to him, good cannot be identified with any natural characteristic.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

According to Bertrand Russell, ethical expressions do not concern facts outside the mind, but were about sensations and desires.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Emotivists such as A. J. Ayer and Charles Stevenson supported this idea.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

[4] However, traditional moral theories have also experienced a new coming.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

R.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

M. Hare has held that the universality of moral language attaches us to a kind of utilitarianism.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Robert Nozick (libertarianism) and Ronald Dworkin have emphasized rights over consequences.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

John Rawls's theory of fairness re-introduced contract theories into the arena of ethical debate, and they have also been written about by David Gauthier, among others.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

The Neo-Aristotelian virtue ethics have been written by G.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

E.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

M. Anscombe, Philippa Foot and Rosalind Hursthouse.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

[4] Sources Literature in Finnish Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Airaksinen, Timo| title = Moral Philosophy | location = Porvoo Helsinki Juva| publisher = WSOY| year = 1987| id = ISBN 951-0-14505-X}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Baggini , Julian & Fosl, Peter S.| title = Little Giant of Ethics | publisher = So & thus books 2012| year = | id = ISBN 978-952-5503-73-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Heinimäki, Jaakko| title = Pocket ethic| location = Helsinki| publisher = Bookworks| = 2012| id = ISBN 978-952-247-322-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Häyry, Heta & Häyry, Matti| title = Good, beautiful, true — philosophy of values| location = Helsinki| publisher = University Weight| year = 1997| id = ISBN 951-570-357-3}} Citation error, replace with {citation ite book| author = Häyry, Matti| title = Good Life and Correct Behavior: Historical Introduction to Moral Philosophy | location = Helsinki| publisher = University print| year = 2002| id = ISBN 951-570-517-7}} Malik, Kenan: (The Quest for a Moral Compass.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

A Global History of Ethics, 2014).


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Finnish. Tapani Kilpeläinen.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Tampere: so & thus, 2016.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

ISBN: 978-952-7189-06-1 Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Oksanen, Markku & Launis, Veikko & Sajama, Seppo (ed.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

) | title = Ethics reading| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 2010| id = ISBN 978-952-495-156-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Pietarinen, Juhani & Poutanen, Seppo| title = Theories of Ethic| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamen us| year = 2005| version = (4th ed., 1st edition 1996) | id = ISBN 951-662-741-2}} English introductory works Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Arrington, Robert L.| title = Western ethics: An historical introduction| location = Oxford| publisher = Blackwell| year = 1998| id = ISBN 0-631-19415-0} } Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Baggini, Julian & Fosl, Peter S.| title = The ethics toolkit: A compendium of ethical concepts and methods| location = Oxford| publisher = Blackwell| year = 2007| id = ISBN 978-0-631-22874-}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| k| author = Blackburn, Simon| title = Being good: A short introduction to ethics| location = Oxford| publisher = Oxford University Press| year = 2001| id = ISBN 0-19-285377-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Blackburn, Simon| title = Ethics: A very short introduction| location = Oxford| publisher = Oxford University Press| year = 2003| id = ISBN 0192804421}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Gensler, Harry J.| title = Ethics: A contemporary introduction| location = London| publisher = Routledge| year = 1998| id = ISBN 0-415-15624-6}} Citation, error replace with {{cite book| author = Harman, Gilbert| title = The nature of morality: An introduction to ethics| location = New York| publisher = Oxford University Press| year = 1977| id = ISBN 0-19-502143-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = McNaughton, David| title = Moral vision: An introduction to ethics| location = Oxford| publisher = Blackwell| year = 1988| id = ISBN 0-631-15408-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Norman, Richard| title = The moral philosophers: An introduction to ethics| location = Oxford| publisher = Oxford University Press| year = 1998| version=2nd edition| id = ISBN 0-19-875217-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Singer, Peter (ed.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

) | title = A companion to ethics| location = Oxford| publisher = Blackwell| year = 1993| id = ISBN 0-631-18785-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Williams, Bernard| title = Morality: An introduction to ethics| location = Cambridge| publisher = Cambridge University Press| year = 1972| id = ISBN 0-521-21201-4}} Other works in English Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Darwall, Stephen L.| title = Philosophical ethics| location = Boulder| publisher = Westview Press| year = 1998| id = ISBN 0-8133-7860-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = La Follette, Hugh (ed.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

) | title= Blackwell guide to ethical theory| location = Oxford| publisher = Blackwell| year = 1999| id = ISBN 978-0-631-20119-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Rachels, James| title = The elements of moral philosophy| location = Boston| publisher = McGraw-Hill| year = 2009| title = The elements of moral philosophy| location = Boston| publisher = McGraw-Hill| | version=Fifth edition| id = ISBN 0-07-312547-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Singer, Peter| title = Practical ethics| location = Cambridge| publisher = Cambridge University Press| year = 1993| version=2nd edition (first edition 1979).


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Third reprint 1999| id = ISBN 0-521-43363-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Tännsjö, Torbjörn| title = Understanding ethics: An introduction to moral theory| location = Edinburgh| publisher = Edinburgh University Press| year = 2008| version = 2nd edition| id = ISBN 0-7486-3689- 7| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

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Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

On topic elsewhere.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Topical writings and other material on bioethics.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Finnish writings on ethics, especially the ethics of media and communication.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

BBC.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

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Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What is the opposite of 'analytic' as a concept?

Ethics

Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

Roihuvuori () is a subdistrict belonging to the 43rd district of Helsinki, or Herttoniemi, on the shores of Ströms Bay and Porolahti, next to Herttoniemenranta, Marjaniemi and Tammisalo.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

The distance from the birdway to the Rautatientori in the centre of Helsinki is about 7 kilometres and along the road is about 10 kilometres.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

The Roihuvuori district has 7738 inhabitants in 2014, which means that approximately one in 80 Helsinkians live in the area.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

There are 1025 jobs in the area (2012).


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

[1] It covers an area of 1,53km², or about 1.25% of the land area of Helsinki.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

The border of the district runs along Johan Sederholm Road, Porolahte and Tammisalo Canal in the south.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

In the east along the Marjaniemi direction traditionally the border has been Mustapuro, but today the western part of the Marjaniemi allotment garden ditch is considered to be part of the Vartiokylä district and the forest and meadow east of the ditch on the shores of Ströms Bay to Roihu mountain in Taasen.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

To the north, the border is the East Passage.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

In the west, Roihuvuori is separated from the Herttoniemi enterprise area by a narrow green belt, along the western edge of which the sub-divisions border runs.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

Consequently, the buildings on the sides of Sahaajankatu, which runs in north-south direction near the border, belong to the Herttoniemi enterprise zone.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

History Geology and Prehistory There is a mica neiss deposit through Roihu mountain from Herttoniemenranta to Marjaniemi where slate has been quarried for street and building stones.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

The steep walls of the Japanese-style garden date back to a slate quarry on the site.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

From the traces of the ice age, the area is home to a number of bugs and their beginnings, as well as striations caused by rolling ice, among others, in the vicinity of a Japanese-style garden.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

The Ice Age ended in the region about 11000 years ago as the ice retreated northward.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

As the ice receded, the area was still left under the sea for a long time.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

The law of Mount Roihu was revealed beneath the sea no later than in the final stages of the Litorina period, around 1800—1500 BCE.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

The ancient shore of the Litorinamere can be seen on the slope between the Roihuvuori retirement home and the Marjaniemi Migration Garden.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

Around this time, Roihu mountain was an island.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

Today, the highest point in the area is at 35 m above sea level and is located by Roihu Mountain Elementary School.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

Several Bronze Age dates have been found near Roihu mountain in Herttoniemi (1500 BC.—500 BCE.)


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

grave clusters, so presumably there has already been some sort of settlement in the surrounding areas at that time.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

No definite traces of year-round settlement between the pre-Roman Iron Age and the Middle Ages are known from the metropolitan area.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

However, there have been obscure lot visitors and possibly resident people in the area.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

Since the 12th and 13th centuries at the latest, the metropolitan area was inhabited by a Swedish-speaking farmer population.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

[2] Less than four kilometres from the present Roihu mountain lies the Castle mountain of Vartiokylä.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

Precise information on when the castle mountain has been in use is not available but carbon dating on the hill suggests a period from the mid-13th century to the early 15th century.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

Analysis of a single carbon sample has given two more likely construction times for the ancient castle: the years 1280—1330 or 1340—1400.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

The castle is therefore not Viking age but built in the Middle Ages.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

Based on the paucity of artifacts, it has been concluded that the castle would only have been in use for a short time.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

[3] During the castle's time of use (around the beginning of the 14th century), sea water was about two metres higher than today, [4] when there has been a natural waterway at the Tammisalo Canal.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

During the period of Swedish and Russian domination during Swedish rule, the region belonged to the Keeper of Helsinki, formed in the 1370s—1390s.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

The church of St. Lauri, built in the 15th century, served as the church in the keeper's church village.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

The present Roihu mountain was located in the village of Herttoniemi, one of the oldest in Helsinki.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

The territories of Roihuvuori were part of the lands of Herttoniemi Manor.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

Petter Wetter formed the estate from the three railing farms once held by the Jägerhorn family in 1706.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

During the Great Wrath of 1713-1721, the region was badly affected, like other territories that fell under Russian occupation.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

After the War of the Hats of 1745, the fortification of the Ströms Strait (Tammisalo Canal) was explored in the area as part of the Helsinki Fortress Plan.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

After the fortress works in Viapori began in 1748, estates near Helsinki, including Herttoniemi Manor, lived their heyday.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

In 1762—1845, Finland's first porcelain factory operated in the area of the manor.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

Porcelain factory was at the same time Finland's first joint-stock company.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

[5] The most famous owners of the manor, and hence the area, have been the founder of Viapori, Vice-Admiral Augustin Ehrensvärd, and merchant Johan Sederholm.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

Carl Olof Cronstedt, the hero of the Second Battle of Ruotsinsalmi and the last Swedish commandant of Viapori, owned the area on two occasions.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

In the 18th century, there were at least three Herttoniemi estate crofts in the Roihuvuori area: Kreijars, Starräng (Saraniitty) and Kiilatorppa.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

[6] In 1793, Sederholm's son-in-law Major Johan Olander sold the Herttoniemi estate he owned, but separated from the estate to his family the crofts of Kreijars and Ströms, which formed the Ströms estate in the area.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

In 1794 was completed to replace the main building [7].


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

On an 1855 map, the farm is already marked as a mansion.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

The current layout of Ströms Manor dates from 1910.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

The influence of estates on the vegetation of the area can still be seen in the large number of noble trees.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

The steps of the Tammisalo Canal are also related to the estate history of the area.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

Early 20th century During World War I, fortification equipment was built in the area as part of the Helsinki Ground Fortress (Krepost Sveaborg).


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

Constructions were made in the first fortification phase in 1914 for the innermost defensive line of the ground fort.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

Constructions were, as a rule, made into sand ramparts, and pits were made to these places for machine guns.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

Fortification equipment in the innermost fortress zone has not survived as well as the concrete outfits in the outer zones.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

However, of the fortress structures in the Roihuvuori area, at least the cobblestone paved cannon road, as well as weakly visible remains of gunshot graves near the East Helsinki Music Academy and Ströms Manor, as well as behind the Prinsessants' houses remain.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

Towards the end of the Continuation War, the 107th Heavy Anti-Aircraft Battery designated under the codename “Kasa” operated at the site of the existing Princesses residential buildings.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

The battery, led by Reserve Captain Viljo Parvio, included four Czechoslovak-manufactured 75-millimeter Škoda anti-aircraft guns and one anti-aircraft machine gun.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

The Kasa battery fired barrier fire in the direction of the northeast and east during the Grand Bombardment of Helsinki on 6—7, 16—17.


Question: What was the average area of dwellings in Helsinki according to the latest statistics?

Roihuvuori

and 26—27.