Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

Subsequently, the police could justify all of what they did with the help of the law.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

As fear of the Stasi and Volkspolizei receded in 1989, crime in the pre-crime-free GDR increased exponentially, and the unprepared Volkspolizei was unable to respond.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

In Leipzig, the number of serious crimes rose from 1989 to 1990 by as much as 540%.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

After German reunification, a large number of Volkspolizei members were retrained for the German police force.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

The People's Army of the German Democratic Republic (Nationale Volksarmee, NVA) was formed on 1 March 1956.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

Its predecessor was the Kasernierte Volkspolizei (KVP), founded in 1952.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

The NVA was a professional army until 1962, when conscription was again taken into practice.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

Military service lasted 18 months and was obligated by men aged 18—26.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

An opportunity for unarmed service was created in 1964 as a construction soldier (Bausoldat).


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

These troops were separated from normal units so that idealism would not spread.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

Conscientious objectors were persecuted and often denied a place to study after service.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

Total denialists were enemies of the state and were sentenced to imprisonment, followed by frequent deportation.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

The NVA was the second largest army in the Warsaw Pact.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

It was armed mainly with Soviet equipment and formed the first wave with Soviet front-line forces in a possible offensive against NATO.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

The NVA was annexed to the Bundeswehr in 1990.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

However, most of the former GDR officers were relieved of duty and others demoted.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

Soviet equipment was mostly decommissioned and sold abroad, for example to Finland.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

The Stasi Stasi, Ministerium für Staatssicherheit was the security and intelligence organisation of the GDR and was considered one of the most powerful intelligence services in the world.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

The Stasi was founded 1950 and was organized according to the Soviet KGB, a historical paragon of being the first secret police of the Soviet Union, the Czech Republic founded in 1917.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

The role of the Stasi within the borders of the GDR, in addition to surveillance of foreigners, was the extremely widespread monitoring of its own citizens.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

This was primarily aimed at controlling the inappropriate political behavior of the public, but the attention of the Stasi was also often focused on the mundane interactions of people.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

The influence of the Stasi extended to almost every area of GDR society.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

1989 When the GDR collapsed, it had 91000 full-time employees and 300,000 informants.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

This meant that one in fiftieth East Germans were involved with the Stasi.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

In connection with the 1989 revolution, citizens penetrated the offices of the Stasi, but the authorities had time to destroy large quantities of the archives.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

Today, archives have been opened and those monitored have been allowed to notice their friends, family members and colleagues filing regular reports for the Stasi.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

The Stasi also secretly supported terrorists operating in the West, such as the Red Army Corps.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

Admittedly, these terrorist groups were not really any scenes created by the Stasi — mainly due to the ideological divide, support was far from direct and, for example, the Stasi's support for the Red Army Corps dates mainly to the 1980s, when the actual support for student radicalism primed first-generation terrorists were no longer in the picture.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

Education Basic education in the GDR was provided by a 10-year middle school (Polytechnische Oberschule, POS).


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

Its four-year primary school was equivalent to a four-year primary school (Grundschule) in the Federal Republic of Germany.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

The elementary school reform, begun in 1959, was completed in 1975, when the GDR Elementary School replaced the old elementary and middle schools.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

[15] [16] Early education was provided by a crib open to every child in the country (Grippe, for 0—3 years old) and a nursery (Kindergarten.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

for ages 3 to 6), where around 95% of children visited in the mid-1980s.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

Compulsory education began at the age of six and continued through the ten-year middle school.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

Along with natural science subjects and physical education, important subjects included technical craft, technical drawing, productive work and socialist production.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

Themes of socialism were also addressed in the primary school home tuple and in middle school social doctrine: the superiority of socialism, the dangers and propaganda of decadent imperialism, and the necessity of socialist homeland defense.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

Starting in the ninth grade, texts by Marx, Engels and Lenin were also read.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

After the eighth grade, at about 14 years of age, schoolchildren were required to attend a youth initiation ceremony, a kind of society's rite of adulthood, after which young people began to be teitete.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

The youth initiation ceremony became so popular that it would have been desired to continue even after the German reunification.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

[15] [16] Specialist talent began to be tested already in kindergartens and then referred to specialist schools for the fields of sport, languages and mathematics.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

The country suffered from labour shortages and many young people studied for the profession alongside work.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

Boys could also carry out their long conscription alongside a vocational school or secondary school.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

[15] The vast majority, around 80-90% of the schoolchildren in the GDR completed a two-year vocational qualification and few completed an extension of primary school equivalent to secondary school (Erweiterte Oberschule), which was a prerequisite for higher education.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

Thus, the number of higher education students did not increase significantly as in the Federal Republic of Germany.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

A man seeking college studies was required to commit to at least three years of service in the military.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

At the beginning of higher education, the university proposed a future place of work where the student committed themselves after graduation to settle.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

Competitive athletes were trained at the Leipzig School of Sport (Deutsche Hochschule für Sport und Körperkultur, DHFK) [16], administrators at the Karl Marx party academy.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

Like other socialist countries, a youth organisation such as the Soviet Komsomol had a strong presence in the school world: soon after starting school, each child joined a pioneer organisation named after Ernst Tholmann.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

The “godgroups” (Arbeitsgemeinschaft) assembled from industrial workers in the locality introduced schoolchildren to the world of work.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

Representatives of the People's Army also practiced ghost activities in schools.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

In the 1980s, in the GDR, Hungary and Czechoslovakia, parents of children began to be involved in their children's schooling.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

In the German Democratic Republic, one in four mothers of schoolchildren was somehow involved in school work.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

Parental universities on the Soviet model also operated in the country, providing families with children with information on educational matters in the form of lectures and literature, among other things.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

[15] [16] Culture in the GDR culture and education were intensively promoted and heavily regulated in the spirit of political doctrine.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

The 1968 constitution promoted socialist culture, the cultural life of the working people, and the close connection of the creators of the cultural sphere with people's life.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

“Body culture, sports and tourism as elements of socialist culture serve the all-round bodily and spiritual development of citizens.”


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

Whereas in 1957 there were 86 theatres, 40 symphony orchestras, 11,092 libraries, 284 home area, art and natural history museums, 803 cultural houses, 451 clubhouses, 6 full-time folk ensembles and 3,078 cinemas, in 1988 it was calculated to have 18,505 governmental, trade union and scientific libraries, 1,838 cultural and clubhouses, 962 youth clubs, 111 music schools, 213 theatres, 88 orchestras, 808 cinemas, 10 cabarets, 741 museums and 117 zoos.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

Theatre and cabaret were very important to people in the GDR and the activities were very active and dynamic, especially in Berlin.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

The well-known Dresden Semperoper, destroyed in World War II, was reopened in 1985.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

Friedrichstadt-Palast Berlin was the last large splendor building to be built in the GDR.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

A distinctive feature of the GDR culture is considered a wide spectrum of German-speaking rock groups.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

Scale ranged from “state rockers” such as Purity to critical bands such as Silly and Renft.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

Some of the ensembles, such as Karat and City, were also successful internationally.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

Music The ensembles were supposed to sing in German.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

The lyrics were screened for damaging material and undesirable lyrics may have led to the band being banned.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

In 1980, as the first major western rock group, East Berlin played the West German band Tangerine Dream, whose instrumental music was not considered “dangerous”.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

Western influences were easily reachable as radio and television broadcasts by West Germans were audible in eastern Germany.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

This led to underground ensembles resembling western ensembles in style.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

Nostalgia East German consumerism in a united Germany has risen to a certain kind of cult status.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

Nostalgia has led former East Germans to look back on their childhood and youth in a completely different state.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

Called ostalgia, the phenomenon leads people to collect a variety of GDR memorabilia — from food parcels to Trabants.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

These items remind former GDR citizens of the environment they grew up in.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

[17] Partly the emotions associated with the phenomenon can be observed in Wolfgang Becker's film Goodbye Lenin, premiered in 2003.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

Sports In sports, it was ideologically important to demonstrate socialist superiority in international competitive activities.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

The GDR, as a small country, was highly successful at Olympic and world championship level, especially in cycling, weightlifting, swimming, boxing, skating, athletics and several winter sports such as figure skating, among others Katarina Witt.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

Handball was the most popular sport of ball playing and was followed by football.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

The most successful football clubs were Berliner FC Dynamo, Dynamo Dresden, 1.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

FC Magdeburg, FC Carl Zeiss Jena, FC Hansa Rostock and 1.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

FC Lokomotive Leipzig.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

Some of the most famous footballers included Thomas Doll, as well as Matthias Sammer, who won the European Championship in the later United Germany ranks.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

The GDR enjoyed success at the 1974 Football World Cup by finishing sixth by defeating host German Federal Republic, who had risen to become world champion, 1-0, in the initial group.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

The GDR became known for the immense and orchestrated use of various doping substances to improve sporting outcomes.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

Sport and doping research were generously supported by the GDR state as a form of propaganda, starting when the GDR was also accepted as a member of the International Olympic Committee in 1965 (membership ended in 1990).


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

[18] Since the implosion of the GDR, former athletes have also filed lawsuits over problems caused to them by hormones.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

Among others, some East German female ball pushers have become known for their gender changed to male.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

[19] Population Most of the population of the German Democratic Republic were Germans.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

The main national minority in the country was the Slavic Sorbs, or Vendis, in the vicinity of the Polish border.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

[13] In addition to citizens of the GDR, Russians and other Soviet populations lived in the country.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

See also German and Austrian occupation zones Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title= DDR present| location = Dresden| publisher = Panorama DDR| year = 1986}} Citation error, with {{cite book| author = Hentilä, Seppo| title = DDR- State without people| publisher = VAPK-kustannus Oy| year = 1992}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Höhne, Günter| title = DDR-design: East German design gems | location = Helsinki| publisher = Minerva| year = 2010| version = (Produktkult (ur): Das DDR-Designbuch, 2008.)


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

Translated by Anne Mäkelä| id = ISBN 978-952-492-327-9}} Nefyodov V.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

V. SED a kultura NDR.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

Historicka monograph.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

Hradec Kralove, 2009.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

THE WORLD'S WORLD. В. СЕПг и культура ГДР.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

Историческая монография.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

Градец-Кралове, 2009.


Question: In what year are the airspaces developed?

German Democratic Republic

On topic elsewhere * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

The history of cinema spans a generous hundred years.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

Most commonly, it is calculated to start from 1895, when the Lumière brothers staged the first actual film screening.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

Over the course of its history, the film has followed artistic, technological and political developments and has also been involved in shaping these developments.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

The film was the first audiovisual mass media.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

Because of this, it was used, among other things, to disseminate news and enlightenment/propaganda all the way to television becoming more prevalent.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

Subsequently, film has been used mostly as a medium for art and entertainment.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

Genesis The French Lumière brothers were instrumental in inventing the film, and they also staged the first actual film screenings.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

The first film shown to the public was Lumièrie's 45-seconds-long Workers Leaving the Lumière Factory, which was shown in 1895 at the Grand Café in Paris.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

The factory was the brothers' father's factory where chemicals and photographic plates were manufactured.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

The building now houses a cinema. [1].


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

The first has also been said to be a performance on 28 December 1895, when a simple documentary about the train arriving at the station, L'Arrivée d'un train en Gare de la Ciotat (1895), premiered in Paris.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

Another of the major influencers of the early days of cinema was Georges Méliès, also a Frenchman, who can in turn be considered the father of trickshot photography and fantasy cinema.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

Mute and Black and White Movies were for a long time single-coil short films because long films were not considered economically viable, and technically they were simple and unambitious.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

The change was brought about by American filmmaker D. W. Griffith, whose forays into film technical culminated in the spectacle film Birth of a Nation (Birth of a Nation, 1915).


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

Freely shaping the phases of the American Civil War, the drama not only began large-scale production of feature-length films with its success, but brought many of the technical details established to this day to the film and inspired many film directors who began in the silent period.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

The first film industry emerged in Italy at the beginning of the 20th century, but it came to a head because of, among other things, the fierce commission demands of actors and expensive spectacles.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

It was characterised by major historical films, which many times could be shot in the original venues when the history of Rome was discussed.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

Italian filmmakers were characterized by giving great attention to the use of space, with American counterparts at the same time putting emphasis on motion in front of the camera.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

The Italians were inspired for their aesthetic choice possibly by their country's long theatrical tradition.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

After Italy, the California of the United States was established as a haven of filmmaking.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

In the early days, movies didn't have their own “superstars” unlike now, because really no one's name was known throughout the industry, which was partly influenced by the fact that most of the films lacked credits.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

This situation was to the liking of the film companies, because when no actor was above the others, everyone could be paid the same salary, which were not yet very high at the time.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

However, the issue changed in 1910 when producer Carl Laemmle leased female actress Florence Lawrence from another company and launched a huge advertising scramble in which her name was revealed.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

Later, Lawrence's name was in every commercial for the film he starred in above the others.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

Laemmle's plan was successful and Lawrence became the first true “superstar” in film history and soon “star fever” spread around the world and caused soaring rises in premiums and differences between them.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

When in 1912, for example, the Danish Asta Nielsen earned more than $80 thousand per year, Lawrence received an income of $13,000.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

By World War I, theatrical cinema had established itself in industrialised countries as a true big-audience entertainment genre.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

Muteness may even have contributed to its spread across language boundaries.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

Commercial cinema was almost invariably a black-and-white silent film at the beginning, although much experimentation was done with sound as well as colour.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

The most artistically ambitious silent productions were made in Germany on the one hand (expressionist tendency) and on the other in the young Soviet state before the establishment of Stalin's totalitarian regime and cultural bureaucracy.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

The makers and theorists of Soviet cinema developed, in particular, a cut, a montage.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

Sound The sound film punched itself through the late 1920s, with The Jazz Singer (1927) being the first feature-length dubbed film.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

As sound cinematography became more common, many movie stars who were successful in the silent era were forced to restart their careers.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

For example, there was no longer much demand for Buster Keaton and other silent comedians; audiences longed for the constant banter of comedians like Groucho Marx and Mae West.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

The outright raucousness about the possibility of dialogue was embodied by speech-based Hollywood slapstick and screwball comedies.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

Initially, the sound was realized by an optical soundtrack, which was recorded directly on film by the camera like an image.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

However, the sound quality of this technique is generally considered poor, and so with the invention of magnetic sound recording, the sound was later recorded on tape, which was transferred to the perforated magnetic soundtrack of the performance copy.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

Today, digital sound technology is normal in film recording.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

During World War II, the film was largely subjugated for propaganda purposes or, in any case, to aid in the war effort.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

In Italy, even before the arms went silent, the Neorealist movement, guided by such names as Roberto Rossellini and Vittorio de Sica, began.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

Neorealism was characterized by the association of documentarity with social pathos, as well as the use of amateur actors.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

Color Color film became common in the production of feature-length films during the late 1940s, when the Technicolor system was mainly used.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

Technicolor divided the image into three different color components (red, green and blue), which were recorded on their own black and white films.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

This technique was able to produce very realistic colours, although very saturated by contemporary standards.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

A composite color film was later invented, incorporating all color components on the same film, although Technicolor was still used in post-production of the film until the late 1970s.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

Both sound and color were significant inventions for the film, but their influence was not only technical.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

With the appearance of color film, the dramatic lighting typical of black-and-white cinema nearly disappeared.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

The starkly contrasting black and white image became known, especially post-war American (film noir film).


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

However, black and white film did not disappear, for example Steven Spielberg and Jim Jarmusch have made long black-and-white films, and in Finland black-and-white films have been made by filmmakers as different as Aki Kaurismäki and Spede Pasanen, the former the most artistic and the latter on economic grounds.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

Black and white film at the time was much cheaper than color film.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

Television in the 1950s was a time of television becoming more widespread, and the film industry gained a viable competitor.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

Hollywood responded to the challenge by bringing spectacle films (Ben Hur and Spartacus, for example) to theaters, which, in addition to star actors, featured new widescreen technology as a decoy.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

Among them, the anamorphic CinemaScope, Vistavision and the primitive, though pioneering important Cinerama, became the most prominent.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

The most voluminous films could be shot on even wider than usual 65-millimeter film.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

Later, an IMAX format utilizing an extremely large negative image sector was developed, which has remained mainly a specialised format for documentary films.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

The lightening of film technology also helped the film artistically.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

By the end of the 1950s, professional film cameras were already so small that you could easily shoot with the arm almost anywhere.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

These developments inspired the French new wave of film directors, whose importance to American cinema, for example, is immense.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

In the 1960s, cinematic films became more sensitive and shooting lenses more luminous, allowing shooting without separate lighting and contributing to the French New Wave type of spontaneous cinema.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

Digitality The latest upheaval in film technology is digitality.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

Digital shooting, editing and sound recording became widespread rapidly during the 1990s and have become popular especially among amateur cinematographers due to the relative cheapness of technology.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

Digitality in particular has helped documentarians, and it can be said that in the 21st century documentary cinema has even experienced a real renaissance.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

See also Animation Children's film Silent film Movie during World War II Finnish film Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Arthur Knight| title = Live images: Movie power lines from peek box to wide screen| location = Helsinki| publisher = Academic film club| year = 1960| version = (The liveliest art, a panoramic history of the movies, 1957.)


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

Translated by Paavo Lehtonen} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Yuri Nummelin| title = Short History of Movie| location = Helsing| publisher = BTJ| year = 2009| id = ISBN 978-951-692-720-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Yuri Nummelin| title = Yuri Nummelin| title = White glow: Introduction to film history| location = Tampere| publisher = Equipoino| year = 2005| id = ISBN 951-768-164-X}} On topic elsewhere Hietala, Veijo:.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

so & thus 2/1999, 68—70.


Question: Why are American series and films released in Finland later?

History of cinema

* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: When is Jihadism born?

Jihadism

Jihadism is a Salafist and Islamist movement waging jihad, or holy war, as a violent war of aggression.


Question: When is Jihadism born?

Jihadism

The jihadists aim initially to unite the entire Islamic faith community under a single caliph, followed by the jihadists” long-shot goal of Islamising the entire world.


Question: When is Jihadism born?

Jihadism

[1] Jihadism emerged in the 1960s as revolutionary Islamism, aiming to overthrow regimes deemed un-Islamic in Islamic countries.


Question: When is Jihadism born?

Jihadism

The period of classic jihadism waging jihad as a defensive war began in the 1980s with the war in Afghanistan.


Question: When is Jihadism born?

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In the 1990s, Osama bin Laden expanded from the area under attack by jihad to everywhere, including the enemy's own territory such as the United States and elsewhere in Western countries, a series of spectacular acts of terrorism ensued.


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In the 2010s, the leading jihadist movement has been Isis, who established its caliphate in Iraq and Syria.


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Jihadists consider themselves the only true believers.


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Jihadists say jihad is their religious duty and also in accordance with religious scriptures.


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The main enemies of jihadists are moderate Muslims who oppose jihadism or maintain secular Muslim regimes.


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History Background Ideology The three main ideologies of Jihadism are Muhammad ibn Abd-al-Wahhab, Hassan al-Banna and Said Qutb.


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[2] Muhammad ibn Abd-al-Wahhab was a Salafist active in the Arabian Peninsula in the 18th century.


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He preached a strict pure-doctrinal and fundamentalist Islam, Wahhabism, in which the worship of saints, in particular, is viewed negatively.


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Wahhabism has been called the doctrinal source of jihadist terrorism.


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Many jihadist thinkers have accepted the ideological puritanism inherent in Wahhabism, as well as the declaration of all those who do not observe strict purity as infidels and thus enemy targets.


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On the other hand, many jihadists also wean Wahhabism because the Wahhabian movement sharply distinguishes between secular and religious power and is, in the eyes of jihadists, on the leash of a kinghouse regarded as ungodly by the Saudis.


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[3] Beginning in the 20th century, a perception spread among Sunni extremists that jihad could be used without widespread acceptance of the doctrine.


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They interpreted jihad as meaning that Islamic secular governments do not implement the Islamic religion properly, so the states are un-Islamic.


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This way governments have renounced Islam and a defensive battle for Islam can be fought against them.


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[4] Egyptian Islamist Hassan al-Banna founded the Muslim Brotherhood in 1928.


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His goal was the unification of all Muslims in the world, according to the principles of a single, purely Quranic and Sharia law, under the reigning Islamic caliph.


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The Muslim Brotherhood consistently carried out violent strikes against Egyptian rule, and the movement was banned.


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Hassan al-Banna was assassinated in 1949.


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[5] Stages The history of the jihadist movement can be divided into three doctrinal phases, which evolved in time following each other and personified each of the leading jihadist thinkers of their own time.


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[6] Revolutionary Islamism The emergence of early revolutionary Islamism in the 1960s was particularly influenced by the writings of Said Qutb, who was active in Egypt.


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Qutb reached for the ouster of regimes he considered un-Islamic in Muslim countries through a military coup and saw revolutionary activity in Muslim countries as the main form of jihad.


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Qutb considered jihad to be a permanent phenomenon in Islam because God in the Quran and the Prophet Mohammed in his statements referred to jihad so often.


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Revolutionary Islamists in Egypt, Syria and Algeria from the 1970s to the 1990s published texts and sermons strongly attacking corruption, repression and mismanagement.


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The widespread use of violence was accepted as part of the campaign


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[7] Classical Jihadism Revolutionary Islamism was followed by a period of classical jihadism inspired by Abdallah Azzam.


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Classical jihadism formed in Afghanistan in the 1980s as Abdallah Azzam coordinated an influx of guest fighters arriving in the anti-Soviet jihad that occupied the country.


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He declared that every Muslim man must defend Muslim-dominated territory when infidels invade it.


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Doctrinically, classical jihadism is very similar to mainstream Muslim interpretation of jihad based on the Quran and the Hadiths.


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Because Azzam's classical jihadism was not as political and offensive as revolutionary jihadism, it achieved wide popular popularity and acceptance by scholars.


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The Saudi King House, too, was upbeat about their native jihadists fading far into Afghanistan.


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[8] Global Jihad Movement The third phase is the global jihad movement and the time of al Qaeda, whose undisputed leading figure was Osama bin Laden.


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In the 1990s, bin Laden expanded from the area under attack by jihad to everywhere, including the enemy's own territory, while also expanding the spectrum of means permitted for jihadists.


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He incited his supporters to bloody acts of terrorism throughout the world, particularly in targets representing Westernization.


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The global jihadism of the al Qaeda organization led by bin Laden emerged as the dominant ideology of the jihad movement.


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[9] In all these cases, radical groups used jihad rhetoric, but none had the unanimous support of the erudition.


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[10] Instead, many scholars of faith have held that Palestinian armed action against Israeli occupiers constitutes jihad.


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[11] Following the death of the ideologically consistent bin Laden, Aiman al-Zawahri emerged as the leader of al Qaeda.


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He set about forging and severing allied relations for varying political reasons, which alienated many lower-level jihadists from the movement.


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To replace al-Qaeda as the leader of the jihadist movement, Isis, which founded the Islamic caliphate in Iraq and Syria, whose caliphate provided a fixing point for jihadist activities.


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Although it has acted very brutally, Isis nevertheless won the acceptance of fundamentalist Salafists as an example of the social ideal of Mohammed's time.


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[12] The golden age of the caliphate established by Isis lasted from summer to the end of 2015.


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During its success, many other jihadist organizations such as Nigeria's Boko Haram were sworn their oaths of allegiance.


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In early 2016, the US, Iraqi, Kurdish and others militaries fighting Isis began to push it to the squeeze, and the caliphate was finally overthrown in October 2017.


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[13] In addition to Isis, which lost territory, jihadist organisations active in the 2010s have included al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula, al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb, Boko Haram in Nigeria, Taliban in Afghanistan and Pakistan, Ansar al-Sharia in Libya, Ansar al-Sharia in Tunisia, Al-Shabaab in Somalia, Abu Sayyaf in the Philippines, Jemaah Islamiyah in Indonesia and Ansar Beit al-Maqdis in Sinai.


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[14] The fragmentation of the jihad movement as the fourth phase of the jihadist movement can be seen as the fragmentation of the global jihad movement into various factions with increasingly divergent features.


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At this point, the movement is moving away from organizations to ideological networks.


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[15] Western jihadists In 2016, jihadists are more frequent “lone wolves” living in Western countries, who have radicalised rapidly and carry out attacks inspired by jihadist organisations but without direct contact with organisations.


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Isis has been instigating young Muslims to carry out attacks in the Western world as the organisation itself has been squeezed in Iraq and Syria.


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[16] There has been one jihadist terrorist attack in Finland, the Turku attack in August 2017.


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Between 80 and 90 people have travelled from Finland to fight to the ranks of jihadist extremist organisations in Syria and Iraq.


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[17] Supporters of the jihadist movement in the Western world belong to a Salafist counterculture that has grown and radicalized in the 2010s.


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Germany, for example, already had 7500 Salafists in 2014.


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Westerners who became jihadists first discovered Salafism and thereby joined jihad, and some of them went to Iraq and Syria to become guest fighters.


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The radical Salafist movement offers its members the opportunity to rebel against Western politics, democracy, equality and human rights, as well as preaching hostility towards “infidels.”


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The movement also offers order and a black-and-white worldview where, based on following the rules, you either go to heaven or go to hell.


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The movement also offers its members a sense of community and acceptance.


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Salafism in Europe has become a youth culture interested in by people other than those who grew up Muslim or religious.


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[18] Salafists in Europe are very active on the internet, they distribute Korans, and you see them at demonstrations holding placards advocating Sharia, predicting the supremacy of Islam and opposing democracy.


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They are also highly networked, with Salafist organisations in different countries in Western Europe often naming themselves in the same way: for example, France has Sharia4France, Belgium Sharia4Belgium and the Netherlands Sharia4Holland.


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Norway and Denmark also have their own Salafist organizations.


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In Europe in the 2010s, different from earlier, Salafists have also begun to join women, some of whom also left to become Isis guest fighters.


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Female jihadists are ideologically often as fervent as male and share the same motives.


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However, combat missions from them have been forbidden on the basis of the jihadists” current doctrine.


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[19] No organised jihadist movement or counterculture has been observed to have formed in the United States.


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The few jihadist terrorist attacks and plans carried out in the country since 2001 have been carried out by individual perpetrators radicalised by foreign connections or the internet.


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The only exception to this is the Somali neighborhood of Minneapolis, where fighters have left to join the ranks of al-Shabaab.


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[20] Ideology Jihadists are Islamists waging armed jihad as a war of aggression.


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[2] Jihadists divide the world into the “territory of Islam” (Dar al-Islam) and the “zone of war” (Dar al-Harb).


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They seek to restore a unified Islamic caliphate that follows Islamic law in areas that have once been subject to Islam and therefore already belong to the territory of Islam even though they are held by infidels (kafir).


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[21] As these territories belonging to Islam, they read, among other things, the whole of the Middle East, Russia, China, Spain and parts of France.


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Even after the establishment of the caliphate, its foreign policy must be perpetual jihad.


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In this respect, they modern jihadists follow the classical interpretation that jihad must basically continue until “all of humanity has either embraced Islam or has been subjected to Islamic State.”


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[22] Jihadists consider themselves the only true believers.


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Their main enemies are moderate Muslims who oppose jihadism or maintain secular Muslim regimes; Al Qaeda was the first and few to take a target outside Islam as their main enemy.


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[2] The jihadist campaign has three phases: creating a cadre of true-believers pioneers, securing their own land, and establishing an Islamic state.


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[2] According to jihadists, jihad is their religious duty and also in accordance with religious scriptures.


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[21] According to jihadists, jihad is the individual duty of every Muslim, and not a state matter as long as an Islamic state does not yet exist.


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[2] Jihadist notions of the proclamation, causes and nature of jihad differ from classical and contemporary sources of Islamic law in many respects: [21] jihadists declare jihad as private individuals, not as representative of the state jihadists say jihad must be fought always and everywhere in Islam to spread; the classic conception is more borderline jihadists waging jihad as a war of aggression jihadists do not see peaceful means of war as preferable jihadists slaying civilians jihadists justify killing civilians by viewing enemies of Islam collectively guilty jihadists ignoring the prohibition on killing women and children jihadists extend the concept of martyrdom to suicide attacks they consider noble, and they use forbidden means in their attacks jihadists reject loyalty to their own community and strike also against citizens of their own country Basics of Jihadist thinking Jihad The perceptions of jihadist minded Salafi jihadists from mainstream Salafist thought most clearly distinguishes the concept of jihad aka holy war as a high level of worship of God, according to some thinkers even as the highest form.


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[23] Jihadism is based on jihad, which has belonged to Islam since its early days.


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The Medinan-era grandees of the Qur'an often deal with jihad, namely the defence of a young Muslim nation led by the Prophet Mohammed against external aggressors and the violent expansion of the kingdom's territory to spread Islam.


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Contemporary jihadists emphasize the importance of physical combat over the other meaning of jihad, the internal struggle of a Muslim.


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Abdallah Azzam elevated jihad as the Muslim's main obligation immediately after coming to the faith of Islam and reciting the creed.


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Anwar al-Aulaqi, who acted after him, declared that even to proclaim offensive jihad, that is, conquest and spreading Islam, no secular leader is needed but only God.


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In Afghanistan, jihadists waged a still defensive jihad against the occupier.


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When US infidel military forces had been allowed into Saudi Arabia in the early 1990s to drive back Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein, who occupied Kuwait, it and many other US, other Western countries and the UN led Osama bin Laden to justify the use of offensive jihad in self-defense by declaring in 1996 war on the United States.


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Bin Laden also justified attacks on civilians in the Western world, because Muslims, all over the world, were also under attack from the Western world.


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Since then, jihadists have deemed their terror attacks to be justifiable defensive jihad.


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Such stretching of the concept of defensive jihad has not been accepted by many Salafi thinkers.


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[24] Tauhid Salafists assign a particularly heightened role to the concept of Tauhid, the belief in one God almighty and worthy of worship.


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Abdallah Azzam, active in Afghanistan in the 1980s, combined the concept of jihad with the oneness of Allah and its practical implementation, a watershed in jihadist ideology.


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According to him, the most supreme way to correctly implement tauhidia was to implement the “tauhidia of deeds” by waging jihad, a struggle in the way of God.


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In this case, martyrdom was not an undesirable thing, but carried out the goal of a Muslim's life and ensured access to paradise in the afterlife.


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[25] Takfir In justifying their own activities, Takfir plays an important role in justifying their own activities.


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Because of the emphasis on the concept of takfir, jihadists are often referred to as takfires by other Muslims.


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As an Islamic concept, takfir means denouncing someone as an infidel and thus separated from the faith circle of true Islam.


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Takfir can be heralded for un-Islamic ideas or deeds.


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Since the punishment under Sharia law for renunciation of faith is death, Muslims generally do not engage in the proclamation of takfir on rogue grounds.


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The proclamation of Takfir has traditionally been used to nurture the purity and consequent unity within the Muslim community; non-Muslims are self-evidently infidels.


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Jihadist ideologues see the eradication of heresy and un-Islamic practices from the community of believers as a top priority.


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The watershed event for jihadism was when Said Qutb declared a takfir of deeds to President Nasser of Egypt, after he had abandoned his former Muslim Brotherhood allies and begun to persecute them.


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Most bigoted, jihadists began using takfir after the US invasion of Iraq in 2003.


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The Sunni-Shiite backlash in Iraq intensified, with Iraqi al-Qaida leader Abu Mus'ab al-Zarqawi taking Shiites in his sights.


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He began declaring takfir sentences to Shiites he considered delusional, justifying his violence with it.


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Isis, which followed al-Qaeda in Iraq, continued to use the modern concept of takfir extensively to justify and justify its own violent activities, and the concept has maintained its important position even after the fragmentation of the global jihadist movement.


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[26] Al-wala wa-l-bara al-wala wa-l-bara means that a Muslim must love what God loves and hate what God hates.


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For many jihadists, al-wala wa-l-bara is the most important practical manifestation of the faith after practicing tauhidi.


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With it, jihadists seek to protect the piety and purity of their own community by isolating its members from harmful outside influences and contacts with infidels, with whom there must be no association and be allied against.


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For example, bin Laden just invoked al-wala wa-l-bara in his opposition to the presence of US troops in Saudi Arabia.


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[27] Propaganda Jihadists produce a wealth of propaganda by which they seek to radicalize the Muslim community and gather members for their movement.


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Jihadist propaganda has traditionally consisted of various writings and sermons disseminated as texts or recordings among those who espouse the cause.


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Radicalisation has taken place as a top-down derived process in which a jihadist preacher seeks out a suitable person and approaches this in a propaganda sense.


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Such persons preachers find especially in emotional situations such as funerals or events focusing on the feats of mujahs and heroic deaths of martyrs.


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[28] Modern jihadists have developed a new, modern technology approach to recruiting sympathizers and radicalising the Muslim community.


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Anwar al-Aulaqi, a propagandist for al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula, began to exploit jihadist terrorist activities in a form of advertisements whose job was to attract the attention of those interested in the jihadist message.


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Carefully and professionally shot films of battles and public beheadings began to be uploaded onto the Internet.


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In propaganda, jihad was talked about, appealing to young people, in a street-credible style, avoiding pointless pomposity.


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Those exposed to such propaganda received a religious revival in their quarters, became radicalised and contacted recruiters of the jihad movement.


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One purpose of Isis's propaganda has also been to provide its target audience with important opportunities of relevance and belonging, which, as immigrants, often did not have in foreign societies.


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Such cohesion in propaganda videos is depicted in scenes cut to the holiday of battle scenes, in which fighters are shown spending their time together in a spirit of warm cohesion.


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[28] Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hämeen-Anttila, Jaakko| title = Islam Handbook | location = Helsing| publisher = Otava| year = 2004| id=ISBN 951-1-18669-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kaleva, Atte| title = Jihad and Term rrori| publisher = Otava| year = 2018| id = ISBN 978-951-1-32380-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Neumann, Peter R.| title = Radicalized: New Jihadists and the Threat to the West| publisher = I.


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B. Tauris| year = 2016| id = ISBN 9781784536732}} References Category:Islam and politics


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Hämi?

Päijänne

Päijänne (Swedish: “Päjäne”) is the main lake in the Kymijoki river basin and the second largest lake in Finland.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Hämi?

Päijänne

It is located in the region of the provinces of Päijät-Häme and Central Finland.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Hämi?

Päijänne

The Kymijoki river Päijänne flows into the Gulf of Finland.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Hämi?

Päijänne

Päijänne has a water surface area of approximately 1100 square kilometres, [1] in addition to islands of about 330 square kilometres.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Hämi?

Päijänne

[2] The length of the shoreline is approximately 2789.15 km [3].


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Hämi?

Päijänne

Päijänne is located at the deepest point of Finland's inland waters, with a depth of 95.3 metres.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Hämi?

Päijänne

Geography Päijänne has an area of 1118km².


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Hämi?

Päijänne

The lake is 119 kilometres long, with a maximum width of 28 kilometres.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Hämi?

Päijänne

[4] The largest backs of Päijänne are Tehinselkä and Judinsalonselkä in the central part, Asikkalanselkä in the southern part and Vanhanselkä and Ristinselkä in the northern part.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Hämi?

Päijänne

The deepest point of Finland's inland waters (95.3m) is located on Ristinselö in Toivaka Municipality, off Rappukallio.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Hämi?

Päijänne

Your depth is marked on the Päijännen Ristinselkä and the Päijänne Nautical Chart series with a special mark.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Hämi?

Päijänne

The misinformation found in several encyclopedias that the point would be as much as 104 metres deep is based on a misinterpretation of Russian measurement results.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Hämi?

Päijänne

The average depth of the Päijänne is 16.2 metres.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Hämi?

Päijänne

Large islands include Virmailansaari, Salonsaari, Judinsalo, Onkisalo, Paatsalo, Muuratsalo, Haukkasalo and Vuoritsalo, and there are 1886 islands in total.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Hämi?

Päijänne

[5] Sometimes there was ambiguity as to whether the second largest of the Finnish lakes in terms of area is Päijänne or Lake Inari.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

Lake Inari was considered to be larger in area.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

[6] On the other hand, Päijänne is quite unquestionably the second largest lake in Finland.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

Päijänne, the longest lake in Finland, is also if the different lake basins of the Great Saimaa are counted as different lakes as many times in the past.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

The waters of Saarijärvi, Viitasaari and Rautalampi routes flow to the northern part of Päijänne, Jämsä route from the west, Sysmö route from the east and Vesijärvi via Vääksy Canal [7] and Vääksynjoki from the south.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

Päijänne descends from its southern parts from the Kalkkinen rapids to the Kymi River and further into the Gulf of Finland.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

The water in the Päijänne changes due to the flow once every 2.5 years.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

The water level in Päijänne varies over the year by an average of 60 centimeters, with an average water level of 78.3m.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

At its lowest it is at the time of the so-called spring pit in April and at its highest around midsummer.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

Päijänne extends to the area of the municipalities of Padasjoki, Asikkala and Sysmö in Päijät-Häme, and in Central Finland the municipalities of Kuhmoinen, Jämsä, Joutsa, Luhanga, Muurame, Toivaka and Jyväskylä, before 2009 also Korpilahti Municipality and Jyväskylä Rural Municipality, and before 1993 also Säynätsalo for the municipal territory.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

History Päijänne, after the last ice age, was part of the Yoldiamerta and later the bay of Lake Ancylus.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

Under the influence of landlift, it was constricted into a separate lake around 6500BCE.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

The waters of Päijänne originally flowed northwards through Hinkuan and Kalajoki into the Gulf of Bothnia.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

The landing threshold in Saimaa began to dry out due to the unevenness of the ground uplift.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

When the bill river finally dried up, the Saimaa flooded over the threshold in Pielavesi and a new bill was created on Saimaa.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

The waters of Saimaa fell through Päijänne to the Bothnian Sea for quite a long time.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

The unevenness of the land uplift also caused the lowering of the fall in Päijänne, and Päijänne started flooding, raising the water level to the level of Saimaa.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

Thus Päijänne and Saimaa formed the largest lake in Finnish natural history.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

This is called the Great Lake of Inner Finland.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

The phase lasted only a couple of hundred years as uneven ground uplift severed the connection at Pielavesi.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

[8] As the landrise became stronger in the north, the waters broke a new route south through Salpausselkie through Vuohijärvi and Pyhäjärvi to Kymijoki around 4900BCE.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

[9] The current Päijänne discharge route southward erupted around the year 1000 BCE.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

From the southern end of Konnivesi through another Salpausselä, joining the old marsh in Pyhäjärvi.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

In the 1830s, the surface of Päijänne was lowered by about 120 centimeters by gutting Kalkistenkoski.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

Following an exceptional flood in 1899, a new lake landing was presented.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

It was not implemented.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

Instead, planning began to rationing the surface of Päijänne, which was implemented in 1964.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

[10] [8] The national park in the southern part of Päijänne is located within the territory of the municipalities of Padasjoki, Askkala and Sysmä.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

The core area of the national park is the south-north orientation of Kelventee, a ridge island eight kilometres long and 50 to 800m wide.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

The sheltered lagoon bays of Kelventee are popular boating destinations.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

Canals from Päijännen are canal connections along the Keitelee Canal completed in 1993 to Keitelee in the north, along the Vääksy Canal introduced in 1871 to Lahti Vesijärvi in the south, and the Kalkkinen Canal from Asikkalanselä to Lake Ruotsalainen, completed in 1878 To the silverback.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

An entirely new canal was built at Kalkkinen in 1964.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

Plans have been made for a long time to connect the Kymijoki watershed with the sea by a new channel, but so far the projects have not progressed.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

Alternatives include connecting to Keitele via the so-called Savo Canal or the so-called Mäntyharju Canal from the southern end of Päijänne to Saimaa, where the connection to the sea would continue via the Saimaa Canal.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

A third option would be to connect Päijänne directly to the Gulf of Finland by channeling the Kymijoki River.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

Boating Päijänne is a popular boating destination: a single water route can be reached from Vesijärvi in the north to Viitasaari in Central Finland and Pielavede in Northern Savo.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

The length of the water route from Lahti to Pielavede is about 200 nautical miles, about 380km.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

One of the largest boating events in Finland, Päijänsailing is sailed every July from end to end of the lake.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

The route runs from Padasjoki to Jyväskylä, departure takes place in tides (in odd years) from the south on Padasjoki or from the north (in even years) from the Korpilahti Kirkonkylä in Jyväskylä.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

Approximately 180 keel boats and nearly 1,000 sailors take part in the Päitendon sailing each year.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

[11] Water quality in Päijänne's water quality is good, south of Jämsä excellent.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

Industrial wastewater load peaked between 1960 and 1985, after which water quality has improved.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

Water quality in northern Päijänne has been affected by Äänekoski industry, Lievestuore sulfite cellulose plant and Kangas paper mill in Jyväskylä, Jämsä industry in central Päijänne.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

Päijänne's water quality improved particularly much after the mid-1980s following the entry into force of strict emission restrictions imposed on the then pulp mills of Metsä-Botnia in Ääänekoski.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

The Päijänne Clean Citizens' Movement played a significant part in tightening the licensing practice, which collected 140,000 names in favour of more efficient treatment of industrial wastewater.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

The lists of names were handed over to Interior Minister Matti Ahtee in 1983.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

The Supreme Administrative Court upheld record-breaking emissions restrictions until then in 1985.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

Drinking water in the metropolitan area is diverted from Askkala, located at the southern end of Päijänne, along the Päijänne Tunnel to Silvola reservoir in Vantaa.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

The name Päijännen is supposedly among the oldest place names in Finland.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

Some other place names that are probably the oldest are names of important bodies of water, such as Imatra, Saimaa and Keitele.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

Water bodies have been particularly important for people in ancient times.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

(See: Finnish water transport) Major waterways and waterways are extensive and well-known landmarks whose names do not easily change.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

The origin of the name Päijänne is unknown, but much thought has been given to the origin of it and the above-mentioned major watercourse designations.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

According to different conceptions, they could be from Finnish or Sami languages, or from the common Stone-Age parent form of the “Cantafinn” language, or even a hypothetical language spoken in the area possibly before the Finnish-related languages.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

[12] According to one conjecture, Päijänne could derive from the verb, which implies warning.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

In this case, the name could come from perhaps around the 10th century, when the Karelians invaded Häme, and often used the Päijäntek watercourse.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

The locals would have made a chain of signs that would have been used to carry information about the persecuted population centres in Päijänne even before the enemy fleet appeared in sight.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

Päijätsalo, a 192 metre-high island on the shore of Päijänne, could have been the most significant endoscopy and warning site.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

Päijätsalo's good views over the lake are still well known, and today there is a lookout tower.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

However, the theory seems implausible, since the verb is not found as in the North Karelian Kite.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

[12] According to one fanciful explanation model, the name of Päijänne would have evolved from the word “main tendon”, hence the main tendon.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

This would relate to the special significance of the long back of the Päijänne as an access route, from which several bays branching off, at the bottom of which have been inhabited, and at both ends of which can be accessed by rivers to other bodies of water.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

If the origin of the name were this, it would not be possible to ascertain the date of the birth of the name, as the words head and tendon are very old, and were already known in the “North Finnish” language form.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

[12] Passenger transport Shipping was an important mode of transport in Central Finland until the 1920s, but in the 1930s traffic regressed.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

Competition from shipping companies led to concentration.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

When shipping companies ceased operations, all traffic in Päijänne was concentrated in the hands of Jyväskylä—Päijänne Laiva Oy.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

Regular traffic declined, but tourist traffic kept shipping soas afloat.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

Shipping got an extension due to the war and car and fuel shortages.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

In 1944—1945, not everyone willing could even fit into the ships.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

Ships Finland and Jyväskylä operated the shift traffic between Jyväskylä and Lahti and between Kaima Rutalahti, Korpilahti Oittila and Jyväskylä.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

Shipping operations ceased in 1951 and Jyväskylä—Päijänteen Laiva Oy ceased operations.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

However, tourist tourism has been resumed every summer.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

[13] See also around Päijänne List of the 100 largest lakes in Finland Literature Päijänne, water of life, edited by Bo Lönnqvist and Ilkka Kuhanen.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

Jyväskylä: Atena, 2007 (Gummerus Book Printing), ISBN 978-951-796-483-8 Suur-Päijänne.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

Olli Ahonen, Mikko Hakonen.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

Emu Kustannus, 2011.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

ISBN 9789526705149 Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Laitinen, Erkki et al.| title = Central Finland roads: Central Finland road district 50 year| location = Jyväskylä| publisher = Central Finland tiepiiri | year = 1997| id = ISBN 951-726-374-0}} Päijänne, Suurjärvi Finland.


Question: How many inland waterways are there in Päijät-Häme?

Päijänne

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jantunen, Tuija| title = Muinais Baltic Sea, from: Ice ages| location = Porvoo| publisher = Werner Söderström Limited Liability Company| year = 2004| version = editor Koivisto, Berryat| id = ISBN 951-0-29101-3| Citation = 63-86}} error, replace with {{cite book| author = Rainio, Heikki| title = Awesome Latchbacks, from: Ice Ages| location = Porvoo| publisher = Werner Söderström Limited Liability Company| year = 2004| version = editor Koivisto, Berryat| id = ISBN 951-0-29101-3| pages = 87-105}} References * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Martti Luther ([ˈmatiːn ˈlt],) was a German monk and theologian whose teachings initiated the Reformation in the Catholic Church and led to the emergence of the Protestant Lutheran denomination.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Luther considered the translation of the Bible from Latin into the language of the people as important.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

His Bible translation and other writing work developed the German literary language, and he was also known as an active social influence.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Luther was also very musical; he meddled several tunes himself, the most famous of which is the choral God ompi Our Castle known in Protestant churches (Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott).


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Life Early Stages Martti Luther was born as the son of Hans and Margaretha Luther.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

He was baptized on St. Martin's Day of Tours, according to which he received his name.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Father Hans worked at a copper mine in nearby Mansfeld and hoped for his son a civil servant to bring the family more glory.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Young Martti was sent on a study road to Mansfeld, Magdeburg and Eisenach.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

In 1501 he enrolled in at the University of Erfurt to study law.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

The young pupil attained the rank of bachelor in 1502 and graduated with a master's degree in 1505.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Even at a young age, Luther felt a special interest in spiritual matters and he was especially reflecting on his relationship with God.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

The decisive turnaround was caused by a ferocious thunderstorm in the summer of 1505.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

It struck while Luther was en route to his study city of Erfurt.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Startled by this, he begged for help: “Help, Holy Anna!


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

If I survive this, I will become a monk!”.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Because Luther's life was spared, he kept his promise, resigned from law school, and went to the city's Augustinian monastery despite his father's opposition.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Struggling for peace with God Luther devoted himself as a young brother fully to monastic life.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

He sought to do good works to please God and served others praying for their souls.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Peace with God proved difficult for him to achieve, however.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Luther fasted, tormented his body by whipping it, spent long periods praying and confessing constantly.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

In the monastery, he also read a lot of the Bible.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Luther was a great help from his confessor father Johann von Staupitz, who advised the young monk to trust Christ.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

He introduced Luther to the trend of spiritual literature running under the name of German mysticism and supported his theology studies.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Luther was ordained a priest in 1507.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Staupitz also sent Luther on a trip to Rome to settle internal disagreements within the Augustinian rule.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Later, Staupitz ordered Luther to lecture at the University of Wittenberg and graduate study theology there: he received a doctorate in 1512.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

In the same year, Luther became a professor at the University of Wittenberg.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Luther's Theses Martti Luther published his famous 95 theses in front of Wittenberg Castle Church in 1517.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

There is a passage in the New Testament used by Luther: “Dr. Martin Luther made public in 1517 his theses on the door of the church”.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Luther's confidant Georg Rörer is thought to be the author.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

The theses were reproduced and disseminated diligently throughout the kingdom.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

This began a public struggle between him and the Catholic Church, leading to the dispersal of the Catholic Church and the emergence of Protestant churches.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

One of the most visible grievances was the Catholic Church's trade in indulgences, which had raised questions even earlier.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

In England, Wycliffe was critical of indulgences as early as the 14th century.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Jan Hus had ended up at the stake in 1415.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Luther was warned about Hus's fate.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Tetzel, a Dominican monk, had preached in favour of the trade in indulgences, saying, “When money enters the coffers, the soul flashes into heaven.”


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Luther condemned the trade of indulgences, saying, “Papacy ane does not forgive a single sin, peace can be achieved in Christ's word through faith.” [1] These words started the Protestant Reformation.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Debate between Luther and Johannes Eck Luther was summoned to a dispute known as the Leipzig Debate with Johann Eck at the University of Leipzig in July 1519.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Eck accused Luther of being Hussite.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Luther acknowledged that he found Christian and evangelical truths in Jan Hus's writings that the general church cannot condemn.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Luther said, “For the sake of the Bible, we must abandon the Pope and the Consiles.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

I will believe of my own will and not be a slave to any authority, be it a conzil, university or pope.” [2] He also spoke in favour of the general priesthood of believers.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

The Leipzig debate was officially never settled, but in a sense it was a victory for Luther [3].


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Luther's writings — and here the minutes of the debate — could be compiled into books by advanced book-printing technology, and his ideas began to gain support across Europe.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

The following year, in the fall of 1520, Luther received a panribbon bulla, referred to as Exsurge Domine according to the opening words.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

When college students burned ecclesiastical books in public, Luther threw a bookle-shaped bullank on the fire.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

The actual pannabulla Decet Romanum Pontifacem was published in January 1521 [4].


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Luther in the Reichstag of Worms When Emperor Charles V opened the Reichstag of Worms on 10 January 1521, Luther had received orders to come and explain his views there as well.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Luther asked, “Do we have to start settling this dispute by denouncing the word of God?”.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

There were calls for Luther to recant his views, but he continued: “Unless I am persuaded by the testimonies and clear sanity of the Holy Bible, for I cannot believe exclusively the Pope and the Ecclesiastical Assembly either.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

I am bound to my conscience and God's word.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Because of that, I can't undo anything.” The emperor proclaimed the Edict of Worms, stating that Luther was the devil in the figure of a human dressed in a monk robe.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Luther was also condemned to a kingdom curse and heretic and his books were ordered to be burned.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

However, Luther's patron Elector Frederick the Wise gave permission to “kidnap” Luther and take him to safety at Wartburg Castle.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

While hiding there, Luther devoted himself to literary work as the rest of the world thought he was dead.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

The often claimed “This is where I stand, and that's all I can.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

God help me” is not a phrase Luther said.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

[5] Bible Translation Luther's German Bible translation counts among the most important in Christendom.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Also before Luther there were translations of the Bible into German, but their language was incoherent and difficult to understand in some respects.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Luther translated the New Testament at eleven weeks in 1522 while at Wartburg Castle.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

It took him 12 years to translate the Old Testament, assisted by a task force.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

A complete German-language Bible appeared in 1534.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

In his version, Luther avoided the proverbial translations of earlier Bibles.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Instead, he focused on substance and thought, which he believed each passage of the Bible wanted to convey.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

In chapter 3:28 of the Epistle of Romans, Luther added the word “alone”, which does not appear in the opening text: “We conclude that man is righteous by faith alone.”


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Luther's translation also became a paragon of other Bibles translated into Protestant vernacular languages.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Among others, the Swedish Reformer Olaus Petri and the Finnish Reformer Mikael Agricola used his translation as an aid to their work.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Luther placed the apocryphal books as his own group after the other Old Testament books.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Although they are not included in the Hebrew Bible, according to him, they have their own place in the Bible and in the life of the Church.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Luther gave the collection of apocryphal books the title Apocryphs.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

In other words, books that should not be considered as Scripture peers but are still useful and good to read.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

[6] Other Christian books besides Bible translation, Luther's most notable outputs are the Catechisms Big Catechism and the Low Catechism.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

The Big Catechism was intended for priests, little or small families to aid in learning and teaching the Christian faith.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Worship Reform In 1522, Luther changed German to replace Latin as the language of worship.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

He criticized the use of power by the Pope and church princes, and regarded the Bible as the supreme authority of the Church.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Erasmus Discussion In 1524 and 1525 Luther argued with a renowned humanist, Erasmus Rotterdamite: this when he stressed the freedom of will and its importance for human salvation.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Attitudes towards peasant rebellion In 1525, Luther was highly critical of the German peasant rebels.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

A couple of years earlier, he had allowed the “lords” to hear his honour, among other things, because of the hard taxes they imposed on the peasants.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Peasants he urged obedience, but in the end neither side listened to the Reporter.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Marburg Religion Discussion According to Catholics, in Communion, bread turns into Jesus' body and wine into blood.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

According to Luther, communion substances do not change, but still Jesus' body is physically in bread and blood in wine.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Many other reformists, such as Ulrich Zwingli, thought that Jesus is not bodily present in communion, only spiritually, and “this is my body” means the symbolic rather than physical presence of the body in bread (“'Est' or 'significat'?”).


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

For this reason, Luther initially said that Zwingli and his followers are not Christians.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

In the Marburg debate of religion in 1529, the duo managed to agree on 14 of their fifteen theological differences, but no consensus was reached on Communion.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Therefore, the Swiss Reformists became a distinct trend of Christianity.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

The Reichstag of Augsburg in 1530 Emperor Charles V convened the Reichstag and everyone had to present their creeds.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

A confession drafted by Philipp Melanchthon and signed by Lutherans definitively separated them from the Catholic Church.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Luther was unable to attend the Reichstag because he was forced to fear for his life by virtue of the curse of the Reichstag.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Luther and Papal Nuntius Vergerio Pope Paul III convened the Ecclesiastical Assembly of Trento and the Pope sent Nuntius Vergerio to Luther in November 1535.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Luther promised to arrive at the meeting, and if the pope wanted to come to Wittenberg, then he would be welcomed.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Luther's death Luther died on 18 February 1546 in the city of his birth.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

He was buried in Wittenberg Castle Church.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Family In 1525, Luther married former nun Katharina von Bora.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

The breach of the vow of unmarried was a continuation of criticism of Catholic practices.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

They had six children.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

The children's names were Hans, Elisabeth, Magdalena, Martti the Younger, Paul and Margaretha.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Luther and the Jews Luther's harsh relationship with Jews has drawn defenders and prosecutors.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Luther finds a more favourable and quite morbid attitude towards Jews, according to the present day.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

At more understanding points, he believed they had not converted to Christianity, mainly because of discrimination by Christians.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

This is exemplified by his youth production Dass Jesus Christus eyn geborener Jude sey (That Jesus Christ would be Jewish by descent).


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

However, when his proclamation utilizing Old Testament messiah prophecies failed to convert more Jews, his opinions, according to some scholars, changed.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

According to other Luther scholars, on the other hand, Luther's relationship with Jews has been consistent and quite unchanged.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

[7] Luther disliked the Jews, inter alia, for being subjected to their conversion, and wrote in his book on the Jews and their lies: “Three learned Jews came to me in the hope that they might make me a new Jew, because we here in Wittenberg we started reading Hebrew” [8].


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

He preached Jews to follow evil un-Christian customs, as Jews had, among other things, slandered the Virgin Mary as a hooker and Jesus as a bastard.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

(p. 157) Since Jesus is God according to the Bible, the Jews committed blasphemy in Luther's view.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Furthermore, Jews sought to convert Christians to the Jewish religion and felt that there was no need to respect Christian pre-eminence.