Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Luther's book on the Jews and their lies (Von Juden und ihre Lügen) has been regarded as an embarrassment of Luther's production [7], for the book includes calls to the predominance to burn Jewish synagogues, to gather Jews in cities into their own to their closed quarters (ghettos) and to take the lazy jews for learning diligence to labor camps outside the cities.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Also, taking lives from Jews was among the legitimate measures in Luther's book on behalf of Christianity.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

[7] Since Luther held under the Bible that, among other things, blasphemy, straying Christians away from Christ, and contempt for predominance are wrongs, he called on the presbytery to punish Jews who wronged.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

[9] The predominance should punish blasphemy and have the right to defend the truth and the right God.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Luther himself said in his writing about the Jews and their lies that he has been asked to write about the Jews.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Some Christians were feared to waver from their Christian faith in the Jewish religion because Luther had not taken a very prominent stand against it “I would not ring that Christians should allow the Jews to seduce themselves into the same misery and misery in which they themselves are.” (in the preface to the book) [9] Norwegian professor Carl Fredrik Wisløff, however, has pointed out that, unlike the National Socialists, who viewed the Jewish race as their enemy, Luther had a question about religion.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

A baptized Jew was no longer Jewish.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Wisløff, however, does not accept Luther's extreme opinions and considers it good that the predominance of that time did not follow them much.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

[10] Luther and Islam At the time of the Marburg meeting, Suleiman the Great and his Ottoman army were besieging Vienna.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

[11] Luther had not accepted opposition to the Turks in his Explanatory of the 95 Tes of 1518, for which he was accused of a mood of surrender.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

He viewed the Turks as punishment sent by God to Christians, referrals of a biblical apocalypse that would destroy the Antichrist, whom Luther believed was the Pope.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

[12] He continually opposed the idea of Holy War “as if our people were an army of Christians against the Turks, who were enemies of Christ.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

This is completely inconsistent with the teachings and name of Christ.” [13] On the other hand, in his doctrine of the Two Regiments, Luther supported a non-religious war against the Turks.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

[14] In 1526 Luther wrote in Ob Kriegsleute auch in seligem Stande sein können (Finnish.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Can soldiers belong to a blissful enactment, too?


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

), that defending a nation becomes a cause of justifiable war.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

[15] [16] In 1529, in his “Vom Kriege wider die Türken”, Luther repeatedly urged Emperor Charles V and the Germans to fight in a secular war against the Turks.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

[17] He made it clear that the spiritual war against a foreign faith was separate from the secular and came to be waged through prayer and penance.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

[18] At the time of the siege of Vienna, Luther wrote a prayer, for the national salvation of the Turks, in which he asked God to “give the emperor eternal victory over the enemies”.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

[19] In 1542, Luther read a Latin translation of the Qur'an.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

[20] He subsequently produced a number of sharply critical writings on the faith of Islam, which he termed the Mohammetism.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

He wrote about the Muslim faith more bigoted than Judaism.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

[21] Although Luther regarded the Muslim faith as a weapon of the devil, as well as calling Muhammad “the devil and the firstborn child of Satan”, [22] he was indifferent to the practice of Islam: “Let the Turk have faith and live as he will, just as the papacy and false Christians are allowed to live.” [23] Luther opposed the ban on publication of the Qur'an, as he wanted it to be available for critical research and control.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

[24] Luther and society Kaarlo Arffman has shown that the reform of poor care was a key part of the ecclesiastical revolution initiated by Martti Luther.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Luther and his supporters believed his message would also solve problems caused by poverty.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

This contributed to the spread of Lutheranism.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

[25] Luther's popularity In different times and in different countries, Luther has been viewed in many ways.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

In the 19th century, with rising national sentiment in Germany, he was made a kind of hero of the mother


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Images showing the Reporter, for example, were often laudatory and told of his heroism.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

During Nazi Germany, Luther was given the role of an orthodox reformer.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Because of his anti-Semitic opinions, Luther was a respected man in the Germany run by Adolf Hitler.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Luther was described several times as a Jewish-hater: a circumstance on which his own texts certainly gave ground.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

The German Democratic Republic labelled Martti Luther as a chaser and an unaccomplished person.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Admittedly, for the official German Democratic Republic, this was a good thing, but did not get beyond his speech many times to move things forward.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

However, the German Democratic Republic held large Luther celebrations in 1983 on the occasion of the Reformer's 500th birthday.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

For Catholics, it has traditionally been a disintegrator of the common church and, in the past, the Beast.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Catholic Luther studies have changed in a more objective direction, starting with the Joseph Lortz school.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Luther was long considered a hero by Evangelical Lutherans.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Historical studies's observations on Reformer Jewish attitudes and attitudes towards peasant rebels have since diversified Luther's image.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Films 1953: Martin Luther, Niall MacGinns as Luther 1973: Luther, Stacy Keach as Luther 1983: Martin Luther Heretic 1992: Where Luther Walked 2001: An Open Door for Luther 2002: Martin Luther, Historical Film 2003: Luther, Joseph Fiennes as Luther References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Bainton, Roland| title= Here I stand.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Martti Luther's life| location = Helsinki| publisher = Sley books| year = 1982| version=( Here I Stand.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

A Life of Martin Luther, 1950.)


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Helinä Kuusola| id = ISBN 951-617-528-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Prause, Gerhard| title = History fallacies and true fables | location = Porvoo Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 1969| version = (Niemand hat Columbus ausgelacht.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Populäre Irrtümer der Geschichte richtiggestellt, 1969.)


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Translated by Antti Nuuttila}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Pinomaa, Lennart| title = Who Luther really was| location = Saarijärvi | publisher = ARI cost| year = 1976| id = ISBN 951-786-035-8}} Jonsson, Per:, 1983.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

ISBN 91-85454-21-4 Fernström, Kristina: Luther — den kristna trons förnyare.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Kyrkpressen on 24 May 2006.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

(in Swedish) Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Manns, Peter| title = Martti Luther| location = Helsinki| publisher = Sley Books| year = 1983| version = (Martin Luther, 1982.)


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Photos: Helmuth Nils Loose.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Translated by Tinker Kuusola| id = ISBN 951-617-545-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Pirinen, Remote | title = Seven-headed Luther.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Martti Luther photo at different times| location = Helsinki| publisher = Sley book| year = 1984| id = ISBN 951-617-617-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Marty, Martin| title = Martti Luther| location = Helsing| publisher = Thought | year = 2006| version = (Martin Luther, Martin Luther 2004.)


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Translated by Sari-Anne Ahvonen| id = ISBN 951-20-7106-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Vainio, Olli-Pekka| title = Luther| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2008| id = ISBN 978-951-031-918-5}} Citation with error, replace {{cite book| author = Schilling, Heinz| title = Martin Luther — Rebell in einer Zeit des Umbruchs.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Eine Biographie| location = Munich| publisher = C. H. Beck| year = 2012| id = ISBN 978-3-406-63741-4| language = Template:De}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Laine, Tuija (ed.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

) | title = Luther, Reformation and Book| location = Helsinki| publisher = Finnish Church Historical Society: Finnish Theological Literature Society | year = 2012| version = Joins the exhibition 7.6.—20.10.2012, National Library, Helsinki| id = ISBN 978-952-5031-68-3}} Citation error, replace with {{ cite book| author = Kolb, Robert & Dingel, Irene & Batka, Ľubomír (eds.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

) | title= The Oxford Handbook of Martin Luther's Theology| location = Oxford| publisher = Oxford University Press| year = 2014| isbn = 978-0-19-960470-8| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.}


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Recordings of Luther CD-ROM (Sley Books) On the subject elsewhere in Luther's works online.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Christian Classics at the Etereal Library.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

IntraText Digital Library.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead. The Mutopia Project.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

as text and audio files freely.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

The Shepherd Letter to the Brethren of Bohemia 1523 as text and speech.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

(in Finnish) (in Finnish), Winter half finished, footstool in the middle of Change Wittemberg.


Question: Can I study Hebrew at the University of Helsinki?

Martti Luther

Category:Bible translators Category:Renaissance philosophers Category:German priests Class:German Lutheran theologians Category:Religious declarers Category:Hymn poets Category:Born in 1483 Class:Those who died in 1546 Class:Key articles of screening


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Michel (Paul-Michel) Foucault [mišel fuko] (15 October 1926, Poitiers — 25 June 1984, Paris) was a French philosopher and professor of the history of thought systems at the Collège de France.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Foucault is known above all for his thinking on knowledge, power and self-techniques.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Foucault's writings have had great influence in a number of different fields of study, most notably the social sciences, history studies, and the history of science.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Foucault's thinking emerged from the tradition of French science and philosophy and an interest in certain phenomena detrimental to traditional philosophy, such as madness, illness, lawlessness, and sexuality.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Foucault also wanted to test philosophy against other forms of knowledge and dealt specifically with topics related to psychiatry, medicine, history, human sciences, literature, criminal law, and theology in his thinking.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Foucault's thinking was strongly influenced by the structuralism of the 1960s, and he has often been regarded as a post-structuralist thinker.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

From his critics, Foucault has also often been associated with postmodernism.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

He himself said he did not understand what problems or direction of thought the term postmodern was referring to.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

As a merit of structuralism, he had seen the reorganization of the subject question and its central philosophical role as a rejection.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Although particularly Jürgen Habermas criticized Foucault for rejecting the Enlightenment tradition, Foucault himself felt that he continued in his thinking the self-critical tradition of the Enlightenment and the self-criticism of historical reason.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

In his final years, he named the quest for his thinking: to create a philosophical historical ontology questioning ourselves and our existence.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Foucault remained until the end a critic of so-called philosophical humanism and anthropology.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Life Foucault was born as the second child of a wealthy three-child family belonging to the upper bourgeoisie.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

His father was Paul Foucault, a surgeon and professor of anatomy, and his mother, the daughter of a surgeon, Anne Malapert.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

[1] [2] Foucault studied from 1946—50 at the École Normale Supérieure d'Ulm and was an intern at the Sainte-Anne Psychiatric Hospital, where, upon graduation, he later worked, as did Fresnes Prison.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

His intention was to continue in the field of psychology, but a mental crisis while doing patient work caused him to orient himself to new topics [3].


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

For 1952—55 Foucault taught psychology at the University of Lille and was thereafter 1955—58 director of the Maison de France in Uppsala at the same time as teaching French at Uppsala University.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

He became acquainted with Georges Dumézil.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

In the late 1950s, Foucault also served as cultural ambassador in Warsaw and, at the turn of the decade 1959—60, director of the Cultural Institute in Hamburg.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

He returned to France in 1960 and did a dissertation on the history of insanity.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

[2] He moved in 1962 to become Professor of Philosophy at Clermont-Ferrand and met Gilles Deleuze.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

His 1966 work Words and Things was a major success.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

He moved for 1966—68 to Tunisia to become Professor of Philosophy and from there in 1968 Head of the Department of Philosophy at the University of Paris (Centre universitaire expérimental de Vincennes, Saint-Denis).


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

As early as 1969 he took over as professor at the Collège de France.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

As a field of assignment, he himself defined the history of thought systems.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

At the Collège de France, professors have great freedom to choose their teaching subjects.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

[2] [4] Foucault, together with Jean-Marie Domenach and Pierre Vidal-Naquet, founded the Groupe d'information sur les prisons (GIP) in 1971 to produce information on conditions in prisons and in those years diligently demonstrated various social grievances.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

[5] He became acquainted in 1975 with Yves Montand and Simone Signoret, with whom he wrote social contributions.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

In 1977, he organized a shadow reception for Eastern European dissidents.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Foucault visited Iran in 1978 as a representative of the Italian newspaper “Corriere della Sera” and wrote about the Iranian Revolution.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

[6] In 1978, he visited Japan and studied Zen.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

[7] At the birth of the Polish Solidarity movement in 1981, he actively supported it.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

[8] Foucault worked diligently as a visiting professor in the Department of French Language at the University of Berkeley, California.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

[9] Compared to France in the United States, he was inspired by the open gay and s/m subcultures.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

[10] Michel Foucault died on 25 June 1984 from neurological complications caused by AIDS.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

[2] Foucault is alleged to have considered suicide when he was younger and he addressed suicide in his later writings.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

[11] [12] Influence Foucault himself did not want to define his own position according to any philosophical school.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

He often characterized himself as merely Nietzschean and in his final years associated his thinking with the tradition of “critical philosophy” begun by Immanuel Kant.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Foucault's works are constantly referenced in various disciplines, including philosophy, history, political studies, sociology, art and literature studies, anthropology, linguistics, educational sciences, gender studies, and governance studies.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

In the world, Foucault's influence has been evident, among others, in the works of the following scholars: Hubert Dreyfus (philosophy) [13] John Rajchman (philosophy) [14] Ian Hacking (philosophy of science) [15] Martin Kusch (philosophy of science) [16] Paul Veyne (history) François Ewald (history) Legal History) Nikolas Rose (Political Studies, Governance Studies, Sociology) Mitchell Dean (Political Studies, Governance Studies) Giorgio Agamben (Political Philosophy) [17] Antonio Negri (Political Philosophy) Jacques Rancière (Political Philosophy) Paul Rabinow (Political Philosophy) anthropology) Edward Said (cultural studies) Judith Butler (feminist philosophy) [18] In Finland, Foucault has particularly influenced the thinking of sociologists, political scientists, philosophers, art scientists and women scientists.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Foucault was written in particular by sociologists Ilpo Helén [19] and Turo-Kimmo Lehtonen, political scientists Mika Ojakangas and Markku Koivusalo, [20] feminist philosophy and women's studies Johanna Oksala [21] and Tuija Pulkkinen [22], scholar of practical philosophy and Sanna Tirkkonen as well as art philosopher Anita Seppä.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

[23] Production Finnish works Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Clinic birth| location = Tampere| publisher = So & so| year = 2013| version = (Naissance de la clinique: Une archéologie du regard médical, 1963.)


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Translated by Simo Määtä| id = ISBN 978-952-5503-70-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Words and Things: Archaeology of Human Sciences | location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 2010| version = (Les mots et les choses: Une archéologie des sciences humaines, 1966).


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Translated by Mika Määttänen| id = ISBN 978-952-495-024-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Archaeology of Knowledge| location = Tampere| publisher = Equipois| year = 2005| version = (L'archéologie du savoir, 1969.)


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Translated by Tapani Kilscarinen| id = ISBN 951-768-166-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Observe and punish| location = Helsing| publisher = Otava| year = 1980 (4th edition 2005) | version = (Surveiller et punir, 1975.)


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Translated by Eevi Nivanka| id = ISBN 951-1-05694-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Security, Region, Population| location = Helsinki| publisher = Researchers| year = 2010| version = (Sécurité, territoire, population, lecture series 1977—1978.)


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Translated by Antti Paakkari| id = ISBN 978-952-5169-68-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = History of Sexuality | location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 1998| version = (Histoire de la sexualité, 1976-1984.)


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Translated by Kaisa Sivenius| id = ISBN 951-662-720-X}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Foucault/Nietzsche| location = Helsinki| publisher = Researchers| year = 1998| version = Translated by Turo-Kimmo Lehtonen and Jussi Vähämäki| id = ISBN 952-165165| version = Translated by Turo-Kimmo Lehtonen and Jussi Vähämäki| id = ISBN 952-165165| version = ISBN 9-06-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Best| location = Tampere| publisher = So & thus: Society for European Philosophy| year = 2014| version = (Dits et écrits I—IV, 1994, selection.)


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Translated by Tapani Kilpeläinen, Simo Määttä and Johan L. Pii| id = ISBN 978-952-5503-78-4}} Untranslated Monographs: Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Maladie mentale et personnalité| location = Paris| publisher = Presses Universitaires de France| title = Maladie mentale et personnalité| location = Paris| publisher = Presses Universitaires de France| year = 1954}} New institution Maladie mentale et psychologie, 1962.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Histoire de la folie à l'âge classique: Folie et déraison| location = Paris| publisher = Plon| year = 1961}} Citation error, replace {{cite book| title = Raymond Roussel| location = Paris| publisher = Gallimard| year = 1963}} Citation error, error replace with {{cite book| title = La Pensée du dehors| location = Paris| publisher = Fata Morgana| year = 1966}} (essay) Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Sept propos sur le septième ange| location = Paris| publisher = Fata Morgana| year = 1970}} (essay) Citation replace error, error with {{cite book| title= l'ordre du discours| location = Paris| publisher = Gallimard| year = 1971}} (inaugural lecture) Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Ceci n'est pas une pipe| location = fontfroide-le-haut| publisher = Fata Morgana| year = 1973} essay) Collège de France lectures: 1970—1971: La Volonté de Savoir (2011) 1971—1972: Théories et Institutions Pénales (coming) 1972—1973: La Société Punitive (2013) 1973—1974: Le pouvoir psychiatrique (2003) 1974—1975: Les anormaux (1999) 1975—1976: Il faut défendre la société (1997) 1978—1979: Naissance de la biopolitique (2004) 1979—1980: Du gouvernement des vivants (2012) 1980—1981: Subjectivité et Vérité (2014) 1981—1982: L'Herméneutique du sujet (2001) 1982—1983: Le Gouvernement de soi et des autres (2008) 1983—1984: Le courage de la vérité (2009) Writing collections: Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Dits et écrits, vol.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

1:1954—1975| location = Paris| publisher = Gallimard| year = 2001}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Dits et écrits, vol.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

2:1976—1988| location = Paris| publisher = Gallimard| year = 2001}} Finnish articles by Maurice Florence (Foucault): Foucault.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Science & Progress 4/2003.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Translated by Tuomo Tiisala.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Sexuality and loneliness.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Young Force 1/2001.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

What is the factor?


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Young Force 1/2006.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

A finite system meets an unlimited claim.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

In Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Eräsaari, Risto & Rahkonen, Keijo (ed.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

) | title = Tragedy of the Welfare State: Debate on the European Welfare State| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 1995| id = ISBN 951-662-634-3}} Kant and modern philosophy as the ontology of the present.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

In Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Koivisto, Juha & Mäki, Markku & Uusitupa, Timo| title = What is Enlightenment? | location = Tampere| publisher = Equipoino| year = 1995| id = ISBN 951-9066-99-3| format = [Web version of the work] (PDF)}} Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Eribon, Didier| title = Michel Foucault| location = Tampere| publisher = Eribon, Didier| title = Michel Foucault| location = Tampere| publisher = Eribon, Didier| title = Michel Foucault| location = Tampere| publisher = E3| version =( Michel Foucault, 1989.)


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Translated by Päivi Järvinen and Pertti Hynynen| id = ISBN 951-9066-60-8}} Whitebook, Joel:.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

(PDF) Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

References Literature Han, Béatrice.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Foucault's Critical Project: Between the Transcendental and the Historical.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Stanford University Press, 2003.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Gilles Deleuze, Foucault, Éditions de Minuit, Paris, 1986.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Hubert L. Dreyfus & Paul Rabinow, Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

from The University of Chicago Press in 1983.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Gary Gutting, Michel Foucault's Archaeology of Scientific Reason.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Cambridge University Press in 1989.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Biographies of Macey, David.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

The Lives of Michel Foucault.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

New York: Pantheon Books, 1994.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Miller, James.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

The Passion of Michel Foucault.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

New York: Simon and Schuster, 1993.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

David Halperin, Saint-Foucault: Towards a Gay Hagiography.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

In English Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Alhanen, Kai| title = Practices and Thinking in Michel Foucault's Philosophy| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 2007| version = Dissertation: University of Helsinki | id = ISBN 978-952-495-015-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Andersson, Marja & Anttila, Anu-Hanna & Rantanen, Pekka (ed.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

) | title = In the service of two muses: The starting points and approaches of historical sociology| location = Turku| publisher = Turku Historical Association| year = 2005| id = ISBN 952-99637-0-X}} Helén, Ilpo: Michel Foucault's power analytics.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

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Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

) | title = Current trends in sociological theory| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 1994 (3rd edition 2000) | id = ISBN 951-662-596-7}} Koivusalo, Markku: Michel Foucault and the order of productive power.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

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Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

) | title = Law of Philosophers 2| location = Helsinki| publisher = Finnish Lawyers' Association| year = 2001| id = ISBN 951-855-189-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Koivusalo, Markku| title = Politics of Experience: Michel Foucault's Thinking System| location = Helsinki| publisher = Researchers| year = 2012| id = ISBN 978-952-5169-82-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kusch, Martin| title = Fields and strata of Knowledge: Michel Foucault's Science Research Premises | location = Oulu| publisher = Norther| year = 1993| version = (Foucault) Ult's Strata and Fields: An Investigation into Archaeological and Genealogical Science Studies, 1991.)


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Translated by Heini Hakosalo| id = ISBN 951-749-187-5}} Ojakangas, Mika: Sovereign and Rigs.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Carl Schmitt faces Michel Foucault.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

In Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Politics out of place: Sakari Hänninen's banquet book| location = Jyväskylä | publisher = University of Jyväskylä | year = 1998| id = ISBN 951-39-0286-2}} Oksala, Johanna: Philosopher's body: Michel Foucault (1926—1984).


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

In Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kaitaro, Timo & Roinila, Markku| title = Philosopher's death| location = Helsinki| publisher = Summa| year = 2004| id = ISBN 952-5418-11-1}} Oksala, Johanna: Foucault and feminism.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

In Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Heinämaa, Sara & Reuter, Martina & Saarikangas, Kirsi (ed.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

) | title = Body images: Subject and gender variation| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 1997| id = ISBN 951-662-689-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Tuori, Kaarlo| title = Foucault's right: Writings about the right and examination| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY legal information| year = 2002| id = ISBN 951-670-072-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Varis, Tuula| title = Genealogy of Power: Research on Michel Foucault's conceptions of power| location = Tampere| publisher = University of Tampere, Department of Political Studies, Unit of Peace and Development Research| year = 1989| id = ISBN 951-44-2562-6}} Journal articles in Finnish by Husa, Sari: “Foucault'lainen method”.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

So & thus 3/1995.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Charles, Sam: Foucault: Philosopher of truth and power in history.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

So & thus 2/1994.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Koivusalo, Markku: Foucault and the mastery of life: from Christian obedience to calculating financial subjects.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Science & Progress 4/2005.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Koivusalo, Markku: Distributed materiality of thinking.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Science & Progress 1/2006 Ojakangas, Mika: Genealogy.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Science & Progress 4/1992.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Pulkkinen, Tuija: Foucault, genealogy, and political theory.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Politics 3/1996.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Ollikainen, Tapio: Customer students à la Foucault.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

University 1/2009.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Oksala, Johanna and Grahn, Malin:.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

So & I saw 2/2013 On the topic elsewhere.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

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Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

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Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

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Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Koivusalo: Research and Teaching Jylhämö, Kimmo:.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

so & thus 4/1998, 21—22.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Laari, Jukka:.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

so & thus 4/1998, 16—17.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Wahlstedt, Pekka: (review of the book History of Sexuality).


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

so & thus 4/1998, 18—20.


Question: Who was Michel Foucault?

Michel Foucault

Category:Historians Class:French philosophers Category:People born in 1926 Class:Those who died in 1984 Class:Key articles of screening


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Johan Samuel Pajula (then Widbom; 20 August 1856, Jyväskylä — 1 May 1918, Iitti) was one of the thirteen matriculation students who graduated from the Jyväskylä Lyceum in 1875.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

He was a Finnish teacher, theologian, vicar, scholar and historian.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Pajula's father was a saddlesmith and town man, native Swedish-speaking Lars Abraham Widbom (1819—1886) and his mother was a Finnish-speaking house-daughter Fredrika Wilhelmiina Ylä-Lehtimäki (1822—1876), who is mentioned in the matricle records of the University of Helsinki under the surname Helén.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Johan Samuel translated his name in 1876, thus the seventh Finn to officially translate his name.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

First, his name was officially translated by his Lauri brother in 1875.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Like his brother, Johan Samuel translated his name into Pajula.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

[1] [2] After completing his baccalaureate in Helsinki, Pajula began studying history.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Pajula thus received his historical education at the Philosophical Faculty of the University of Helsinki, where his teacher appears to have been the pro-Swedish Magnus Schybergson (1851—1925), PhD with a doctorate from the Huguenots in France.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

With the knowledge he acquired in his studies, Pajula published his first book, a booklet illustrating the terrible suffering of Huguenots pursuing the Reformation in France in 1885.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Pajula graduated with a Bachelor of Arts in 1881 and was promoted to a Master of Arts in 1882.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

[3] During his studies, Pajula was an ardent phennoman and a member of the Suomalainen Nuija Student Association, which is evident from his literary estate.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

He auscultated as a teacher in both Finnish and Swedish, thus qualifying for both Swedish and Finnish teaching posts.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Religious experience in Lohtai in 1883 changed the direction of Pajula's life career.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

He set about studying to become a priest, graduating with a Bachelor of Theology in 1887 and ordained a priest in 1888.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Pajula did not elaborate further on his religious experience, but stated in a letter written to his bride that at Easter 1883 had experienced the presence of Jesus in a miraculous way.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

The bride was call-teacher Karin Nyberg, with whom Pajula married in 1892.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

His wife's grandfather was Sakari Topelius, a previous rector of the University of Helsinki.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

[4] Working career and stages as a scholar in church history, Pajula became a faith teacher at the Finnish-speaking Hämeenlinna Lyceum in 1891.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

This position he, partly on leave of absence, held until 1905.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Several schoolboy memories of Pajula's teaching tenure have survived, some highlighting his pietistic zeal and opposition to the new science, others Pajula's playfulness and fatherly attitude towards his students.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

With humorous warmth, Pajula as a religion teacher at the Hämeenlinna Lyceum has been remembered by his student Eino Leino in his book of life.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

[5] The state of the Faculty of Theology at the University of Helsinki was peculiar during the period of autonomy.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

When Pajula received his doctorate in theology in the field of church history in 1891, not a single dissertation on church history had appeared in 20 years.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

The small faculty of four professors had few doctoral candidates, it was difficult to find qualified persons for vacancies in the faculty, and professors held unfilled professorships along with their own posts.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

The longest, for ten years, without a permanent professor was the dogmatics doctrine from 1884 to 1894.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

In a small faculty, the Beckial bible fundamentalists called Beckians managed to take over the leadership of the faculty and sought to manage and fill teaching posts with men of their own doctrine.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Pajula's mother tongue was Finnish, father's mother tongue was Swedish.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Through his studies, Pajula knew at least German, French, Latin and Greek, perhaps also Hebrew.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

At the Lyceum, he had also studied Russian.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Pajula was the first person to receive a doctorate in theology with a doctorate in Finnish.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

The dissertation Liturgical Controversy, which dealt with the stages of the late 16th and early 17th century Reformation period in Finland, appeared in 1891.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

It was the first theological dissertation on church history in Finland based on the study of archival sources.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

The work contains a lot of new information and represented a new way of looking at the phases of Finnish church history.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

It received a very negative, but nevertheless accepting, assessment from Otto Immanuel Colliander (1848—1924), a Becky professor of practical theology who was the opponent.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

When the professorship of church history fell short for 1892—1900 when Herman Råbergh (1838—1920) took over as Bishop of Porvoo, Colliander, unfamiliar with the field of history, took over the professorship of church history alongside his own professorship for 1892—1897.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

For the years 1897—1900, he arranged to become Acting Professor of Church History with his cousin, Karl Adolf Appelberg (1851—1915), assistant of practical theology.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

[6] With the support of Georg Gustaf Rosenqvist (1855—1931), a non-Beckian and pro-Swedish professor of dogmatics in 1894, Pajula received a research scholarship from the University of Helsinki.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

To prepare an official dissertation for a professorship in church history, Pajula conducted archival research in Sweden and Germany.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Prior to his study trip, Pajula was for a time the officiant of Rosenqvist's previous post, the Assistant Professorship of Theological Preconcepts.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

When this post was finally filled — then when Erkki Kaila (1867—1944), a nephew of the Becky Archbishop Gustaf Johansson (1844—1930), recruited to the University of Colliander, had time to qualify for his doctorate — Pajula lost the post of Assistant Professor to this Colliander favourite of the university after a vote that ended in a tie for the college of professors.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

[7] When he applied for the position of Professor of Church History in 1898, and after drawing up a thesis on Religious movements in Finland, Pajula was the only qualified applicant for the post.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

The opponent was a previous professor in the field of study, Bishop Herman Råbergh, who accepted the thesis.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Two of the four professorships in the Faculty of Theology were without a permanent office holder at the time.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Thus, Bishop Råbergh Pajula was admitted as an opponent and an additional member of Pajula's previous race applicant Erkki Kaila.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

He served at that time without any scientific theses in the field as the officiant of the Professor of Practical Theology.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Kaila, who did not have to present theses or scientific expertise in the field of history, argued for the rejection of the thesis already accepted by the opponent.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

He was advocated by August Tötterman (1835—1902), professor of exegetics.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

After a 2—2 vote that ended in a tie, Pajula's thesis was rejected with Herman Råberg, a previous professor in the field of study, and Rosenqvist, professor of dogmatics, in favour of accepting the thesis.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Tötterman's vote settled the vote, as he was dean of the faculty at the time.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Tötterman, whose own studies had not studied Finnish church history, belonged to Colliander's Beck circle.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

[8] Searches for Vicar During the repressive years, Pajula sought the post of Vicar of Juva, gaining the support of the absolute majority of parishioners who voted in the vicar election.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Juva belonged to the Diocese of Savonlinna, of which O.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

I. Colliander, an old opponent of Pajula from the Faculty of Theology.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

The Chapter therefore proposed Josua Johansson (1850—1909), who was a Beckite and brother of Archbishop Gustaf Johansson, for the office of vicar general.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

The so-called Imperial Procedure was dealt with in the Finance Division of the Senate, and Linder's Consent Senate, whose decision was confirmed by Nikolai Bobrikov, selected Josua Johansson as Vicar General of Juva.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

[9] Pajula worked as vicar of Iiti from 1905 to 1918.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

In applying to become vicar, Pajula again received the votes of the majority of parishioners who voted in the election.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

He thus became vicar general for the Diocese of Porvoo led by Herman Råbergh, a non-Beckian bishop.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

He also served as fief-rovastor of the Diocese of Porvoo and asessor of the Chapter.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

In Iti, Pajula was “fat, handsome and pretty good”, and a story is told about his immense body powers.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Pajula was a vicar preaching against sin vices in the Iti during his term, interested in the development of deaconry, missionary and Sunday school work, he studied English as well as being interested in local history and collected material for the history of the Ites keeper.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Pajula was also interested in genealogy; her grandmother Johanna Maria was von Qvantenee of Kuhmalahden.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

During his period in Iiti, he also became interested in a new research topic, the copybooks of the Ostrobothnian mystics, on which he had time to present at the Finnish Church Historical Society and publish an article on the subject.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Pajula seems to have gotten along well with the traditional rural population, but with the local working population, at least its management, intervals were apparently broken.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

[10] Pajula's hobbies and the world of ideas as a young Lyceum and student, Pajula went to restaurants and celebrated like another Finns.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

During his time as a student, he began collecting his library, which included, among other things, the Swedish-language Quran.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

The student who attended the Finnish-language school considered the importance of setting up new Finnish-language schools and listened to the regulated Reichstag discussions on the establishment of Finnish-language schools.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

A towering phennomanic student's assessment of the matter was: “priests and peasants spoke like men, but nobles and burghers were as if embezzlers of their country, Swedish zealots.”


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

During his studies, Pajula belonged to Hämäläisosaku and the Finnish Nuija.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Student life included that he participated in student vocal greetings to Elias Lönnrot, Snellman and Yrjö Koskinen and was involved in 350 students honouring J. L. Runeberg at his funeral in Porvoo.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

In order to get fit, she did gymnastics as well as skating.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

[11] After his religious turn, Pajula adopted a pietistic custom culture with the same fervor that he had embraced pro-Finnishness.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

His religious stance has been reminisced as naive.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

In his studies he was newfangled, and was well acquainted with international literature in his field.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Pajula was not really a member of any revival movement and he felt equal aversion to both conservative Beckianism and liberal modern theology.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Pajula, from a craftsman background, was constitutional at a time when the leaders of the Lutheran Church and the University of Helsinki were positive for acquiescence.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

As a student, he represented the changing Finnish society, the people who went on a university course of study, who were raised to masters, doctorates and researchers by the adjustment cycle made possible by education.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

From what Eino Leino said, we know that Pajula was an animal welfare officer in Hämeenlinna and tried to appeal to the Hämeenlinna market people for good treatment of horses.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

To his like-minded religious students, he was a playful and fatherly teacher.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

One part of the dawn world of Pajula, this representative of quiet Christianity, was anti-Semitism.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Anti-Semitic attitudes were common in the decades of the late 19th century, for example in the priestly ordination of the Reichstag, but Pajula seems to have adopted in his enemy image, following the ideas of the German Adolf Stöcker (1835—1909), “modern Jews”, on which subject he published a writing in Theological Periodical in 1897.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

[12] Death on May Day 1918 Pajula was murdered in Iiti on 1 May 1918 on the night of May Day, about a week and a half after the murders of the well-known Tolstoyians, Akseli and Eelo Isohii, who lived in Iiti.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

The story that Pajula would have died defending church wines is overwhelmed by the wind.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

The rectory had been looted, but despite the warnings he had received, Pajula remained in his office as he speculated that he had acted without integrity as vicar.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

The out-of-locality Reds retrieved him at night from the rectory, murdered and submerged the bayonet-beaten, mangled body in the lake.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Traces of blood were found on the shore of Lake Ura, and a body was found while female in the lake.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Pajula was robbed of e.g.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

his wedding ring, which was subsequently given back in a peculiar way by his wife.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Pajula's tomb is located in Iiti churchyard.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

[13] Bibliography of the Reformation in France a brief account of its stages up to modern times, editorials of the People's Enlightenment Society 47.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Huddersfield in 1885.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

“Letter from Stockholm.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

in Stockholm in the late summer of 1888”.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Watchman 10/1888.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

On the state of the Church of Finland in times of liturgical dispute, Academic dissertation.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Hämeenlinna in 1891.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

“On the Union of Lesser between the Lutheran and the Reformed Church”, in the lysee of Hämeenlinna.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Report of the academic year 1892—1893.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Hämeenlinna in 1893.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

“Other's suggestion.” Guard 2/1894.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

“Of Suffering Plays in Böhm”.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Watchman 12/1894.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

“A scene from the field of spiritual life in Nousiais v.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Historical Archives 1894, 13, 2.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

“Finska kyrkohistoriska sällskapets handlingar.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Editories of the Finnish Church Historical Society.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

I. in Porvoo 1893”.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Keeper 5/1895.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

“Svenska och finska studerande vid universitetet i Halle 1693—1744.” Historisk Tidskrift (Sweden) 1896.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

“A small addition to the history of parish life in Turku in the 1730s”.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Historical Archives XIV, 1896.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

“A visit to Herrnhuti.” Theological Book of Periodicals 9/1896, 528—536.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

“Observations on the field of the Jewish Question in Germany”.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Theological Book of Journals 6/1897.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

“Martin Christian Seelman, colleague at Turku Cathedral School


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

1722-1733", In Hämeenlinna Lyceum.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Report of the academic year 1897—1898.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Hämeenlinna 1898.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Pietism and religious movements in Finland vv.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

1686-1772, Akademic dissertation.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Hämeenlinna 1898.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

“Bidrag till Hernnhutiska brödaförsamlingens historia i Finland”, Särtryck ur Finska lyceets i Tavastehus Berättelse 1898—99.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Helsingfors in 1899.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

“Sources on the history of the Herrnhutian Brethren Society in Finland”, in Hämeenlinna Lyceum.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Report of the academic year 1898—1899.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Hämeenlinna 1899.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

“Andreas Luscinius Colleega at the Helsinki Trivial School


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

1707-1708", In Hämeenlinna Lyceum.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Report of the academic year 1899—1900.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Hämeenlinna 1900.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

[book introduction] “Gerh.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Ulhorn, Der Kamp des Christenthums mit dem Heidentum & Gaston Boissier, La fin du paganisme, etude sur les dernières luttes religiöses en occident”.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Theological Aikakirja 3/1900.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

“Learn more about the history of the Church of Finland


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

1690-1745", In Hämeenlinna Lyceum.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Report of the academic year 1900—1901.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Hämeenlinna 1901.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

“A.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

About the influence of H. Francke on a few men in Finland.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Picks from foreign archives [1]” in Hämeenlinna Lyceum.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Report of the 1902—1903 school year.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Hämeenlinna in 1903.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

“Sweden and Finland at Hernnhut Archives.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Picks from foreign archives [2].” In Hämeenlinna Lyceum.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Report of the 1902—1903 school year.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Hämeenlinna in 1903.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

“Sverige och Finland i arkivet i Herrnhut”, Report of the Lyceum of Särtryck ur Hämeenlinna 1902—03.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Tavastehus in 1903.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

“Sources for the early history of the Skevikan sect: [1]”.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

In Hämeenlinna Lyceum.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Report of the academic year 1903—1904 and 1901—1905.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Hämeenlinna 1904, 1905.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

“Sources for the Early History of the Skevikan Sect II”.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

In Hämeenlinna Lyceum.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Report of the academic year 1903—1904 and 1904—1905.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Hämeenlinna in 1905.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

“Influenced by the works of Jacob Böhme in Finland n.k.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

to mystics”.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

In the book The Anniversary of the Church Historical Society of Finland.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Huddersfield in 1912.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

“A glance at the development of reading kinkers in Finland”.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

In the book Studies in the field of Church History in Finland for Bishop Herman Råbergh.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Editorials XI of the Finnish Church Historical Society.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Huddersfield in 1913.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Rådmannen Johan Widboms och Johanna Maria v Qvantens barn och barnbarn t. o. m. femte led 18 22/10 09-19 12/7 14, Lahtis 1914.


Question: When did Johan Pagula die?

Johan Samuel Pagula

Sources Category:Finnish theologians Category:Priests of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Finland Category:Finnish teachers Category:Finnish Civil War Persons Category:Finnish Civil War Terror Victims Category:Finnish homicide victims Category:Those born in 1856 Class:Those who died in 1918


Question: What is the Comintern?

Comintern

The Communist International (abbreviation Comintern) was an international cooperation organization, which operated between 1919 and 1943, on the initiative of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks), aimed at defeating the international bourgeoisie in the name of the working class (proletariat).


Question: What is the Comintern?

Comintern

The organization has also been referred to as the Third International because it was perceived to be the successor of the Second International and defender of the best traditions.


Question: What is the Comintern?

Comintern

The founders of the Comintern criticized the old organization, especially for its inability to meet the challenges created by World War I.


Question: What is the Comintern?

Comintern

The Comintern was a strictly centralized and disciplined “world party” whose member organizations organized according to nationalities (i.e., communist parties) were subdivisions subordinate to the central organization.


Question: What is the Comintern?

Comintern


Question: What is the Comintern?

Comintern

Established on March 1919 in Moscow, the Comintern held a total of seven World Congresses, the last of which was 1935.


Question: What is the Comintern?

Comintern

The organization was disbanded at Stalin's initiative in 1943, when it was no longer considered useful to its member organizations or Soviet politics.


Question: What is the Comintern?

Comintern

Abolition was supported not only by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, particularly the comparatively independent Communist Party of Yugoslavia, while the Soviet-dependent parties under the General Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, Klement Gottwald, feared losing with the abolition of its last sovereignty.


Question: What is the Comintern?

Comintern

Executive Committee Chairmen Grigory Zinovjev1919—1926Nikolai Buharin1926—1928Georgi Dimitrov1934—1943 International Organizations supported by the Comintern OrganizationabbreviationsCommunist YouthInternationalNi1919—1943Red Trade UnionInternationalProfintern1921—Red PeasantInternationalKrestintern1923—Red SportInternationalSportInternationalProfintern1934— Parties supporting the Third International Communist Party of Russia (Bolsheviks) Spartakist League (Germany) Communist Party of Austria Communist Party of Hungary, during Béla Kun (Hungarian Soviet Republic) Communist Party of Finland Communist Party of Poland Communist Party of Estonia Communist Party of Latvia Communist Party of Latvia Party of Lithuania Communist Party of Belarus Communist Party of Ukraine Communist Party of Ukraine Czech Social Democratic Party (Revolutionary Factions) Communist Party of Bulgaria Socialist Party of Romania Socialist Party of Serbia SDP Left Wing of Sweden Social Democratic Left Party Workers' Party (Norway) Klassekampen Group (Denmark) Communist Party of the Netherlands Revolutionary Wings of the Workers' Party of Belgium (which became the Communist Party of Belgium in 1921) Groups and organisations In the French section of the Workers' International and syndicalist movements Social Democratic Party of Switzerland (left wing) Italian Socialist Party Revolutionary elements of the Spanish Socialist Party Revolutionaries of the Portuguese Socialist Party Revolutionaries elements British socialist parties Socialist Workers Party (Britain) Industrial Workers of the World (Britain) Revolutionary elements of the Irish working people Revolutionary elements (Trustees) (Britain) Socialist Workers Party of America Socialist Party of America (left wing) Industrial Workers of the World (United States) Industrial Workers of the World (Australia) Workers' International Industrial Union Tokyo and Yokohama Socialist Groups Communist Youth International (represented by Willi Münzenberg) [1] Sources on the topic elsewhere *


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

Johannes Askolin (11 November 1843, Pornainen — 13 March 1912, Porvoo) was an influential merchant, factory and trade advisor in Porvoo.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

He began his career as a shop boy in the trading house of merchant Henrik Vilhelm Hjorth.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

Askolin worked as a shipowner, lumber merchant, donor, as well as a municipal man.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

He owned several saw mills and estates.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

Childhood and beginning of career Johannes Askolin was the son of a blacksmith from Pornais.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

The family included mother Anna, older sisters Sina and Fredrika, and younger brother Emanuel.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

John's father Johan Askolin died when the boy was 10 years old, the grandfather had died three years before this.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

At the age of 15, he secured a position as a shop boy in Porvoo, Hjorth's trading house.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

In addition to the owner, Henrik Hjorth, business affairs in the trading house were handled by his older brother Theodor and sister Flora.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

The youngest sister Märtha had married, and was not employed by the trading house.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

John spent five years studying to become a merchant under Hjorth's guidance and, time permitting, from books, assisted by Flora.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

In 1862 Theodor died, and in October 1864, Henrik Hjorth, the owner of the trading house, also died.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

In January 1865, the trading house of Hjort passed to the name of Johannes Askolin.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

In September of the same year Flora (born.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

1826) and John was ordained.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

Merchant Careers Rural people had a hard time e.g.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

due to the years of disappearance, Askolin began to operate Hjorth's merchant business independently.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

Askolin urged the hosts to cultivate oats that were very successful in the Porvoo region and to make planks from log trees because there was an export market for solid lumber.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

John bought the oats and planks and sold the hosts goods that were needed for agriculture.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

To promote export activities, Askolin bought shares in the ocean liner Vellamo in 1865 with the Porvooese businessmen August Eklof and Leonard Simolin.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

The large ships were in winter seas and returned to their home ports in the spring.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

This allowed Askolin to produce its trade sold abroad.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

Askolin had partial or entire interests in sailing ships between 1865 and 1875.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

In 1888, he left sailing ships altogether and switched to using more powerful steamers.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

He had interests in all four Porvoo region steamship companies.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

The export trade of plank goods was profitable, and Askolin acquired stakes in small sawmills in the provinces.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

At the same time, Askolin sawed its own logs inexpensively.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

Askolin established an easily movable saw mill in structure, which was moved to another locality when the former had the forest resources exploited.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

In 1874, Askolin focused solely on the lumber trade and moved into new commercial premises.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

Askolin toured in various keepers buying log trees, agreeing on pours and transports, and paying the shops a down payment and advance.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

Askolin's mode of trading also involved making loans to hosts against trees, with logs as means of repayment.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

In Askolin's chain of operations, their own sawmills produced wood for export in their own vessels, trade was carried out by its own export business, and its own import business imported sales to its own wholesalers and retail establishments on the return journey.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

From small sawmills, Askolin gradually shifted to large sawmills.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

In 1884 Askolin established the first large sawmill on the seaside in Koskenkylä and then the second in Isnäs in Pernaya.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

Accumulating money from lumber trades, Askolin invested in land and forestry property.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

At the same time, Askolin acquired ownership of numerous estates with the goal of efficient farming and animal husbandry.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

He carried out reform and renovation efforts and drew up comprehensive farming plans.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

Our own dairies and flour mills revolve on the power of their own electric utilities.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

The production of its own brickworks was spent almost entirely on its own construction activities.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

The holdings and estates included, among others, Koskenkylä Manor, Greggböle Manor, Isnäs and Gislarböle Manors in Pernaya, Myrskylä Manor in Myrskylä, Rutum Manor in Lapinjärvi, Kankaa Manor in Orimattila, Pirlax Manor and Essvik Farm Combination in Porvoo, and Manors related modes and spatial combinations.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

On the site of the destroyed main building of Forsby Manor, he built a castle inspired by Malmgård Manor.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

The castle began to be designed by architect John Settergren, to whom Askolin placed the requirement that the castle should have at least one tower.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

Construction work began in 1906, and the Art Nouveau style 3-story stone castle was completed in 1908.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

A bowling alley with pavilions was also built in the park.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

The castle is known by the names Koskenkylä Manor or Forsby gård.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

Johannes Askolin, a municipal man and philanthropist, was elected to Porvoo's first city council in 1874, and continued in the post continuously for 34 years, until 1908.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

He served as a member of the Taxation Board, President of the Monetary Office Chamber (now equivalent to the position of Chairman of the City Board), and in positions of trust for various business institutions.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

Some influential figures considered Askolin to become president of the Chamber of Money as too uncultured and straightforward, and after Askolin's 60th birthday he was immediately replaced by vice-president Gustaf Söderström.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

Askolin founded both the Koskenkylä and Isnäs national schools in 1906, hired teachers in them and published school meals.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

He also took care of the livelihood of his mother and sisters until their deaths.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

He gave donations to e.g.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

to the first folk college in Finland, to the Porvoo City History and the Blessing Chapel of Näsinmäki Cemetery, the expansion of the Porvoo City Library and the Myrskylä Municipality to help the underprivileged.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

To the municipality of Pornaise, he gave the sum of which from the interest income came to use funds for hot school meals for children of unwary parents.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

Askolin's will included donation books to the Association for Opposition to Pulmonary Disease for the construction of a sanatorium in Porvoo and its interest fund.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

Askolin helped his neighbors who belonged to the nobility during the repressive years.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

In 1903, he bought Malmgård Manor for 750,000 gold marks from Count Gustaf Filip Creutz in exile in Sweden, promising to sell the estate for the same price if the Count is able to return.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

Another neighbour, Viktor Magnus von Born, the master of Sarvilahti Manor, received a huge fine of 80,000 marks as well as a deportation order to central Russia.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

Exemption of the fine was to be carried out by trading the von Born cattle at a general cattle auction, where a number of items arrived e.g.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

St. Petersburg buyers of slaughter cattle.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

When the first cow was brought from the barn to the courtyard, the shouting broker roared: “What is being offered?” To this Askolin replied: “80,000 marks.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

Take the cow back to the Born barn!” Marriages and Family Life Johannes Askolin entered into three marriages.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

The first marriage in 1865 to Flora Erentia Hjorth (born 15 January 1826) was reportedly a happy one.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

They had two children.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

In 1866, a son Johannes Vilhelm or “Janne” was born.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

In 1868, a daughter, Märtha Johanna, was born, who passed away as a baby.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

Flora's wife died in July 1877 at the age of just 51.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

Things had been warm between Mum and Janne.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

With Dad, the relationship had been left distant as he focused on business dealings.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

The mother's death shocked the boy and his health deteriorated.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

Janne, despite being ill, became a matriculation in 1886.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

The father hoped for the son to be a continuator of his shop, but Janne was interested in his career as an officer.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

However, health did not last military life and he was transferred to the reserve.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

Janne set about improving his fitness while cycling, but died of a heart attack during his bike ride in 1897.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

Askolin contracted his second marriage in January 1879.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

His second wife was the Vasan beauty Berta Johansson (born 25 February 1856).


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

The couple had a son in 1881 who died at less than a year old.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

Berta was extravagant and spent parties with her husband going about his business.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

In the winter of 1883, according to Berta Askol's service people, eloped with a Russian officer to Russia, never to return.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

John Askolin petitioned for dispensation for the new marriage once the matters of authority had been sorted out.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

Askolin married his third wife, Rosa Vilhelmina Nykopp (born 11 March 1856), a porvoo woman, in 1883.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

Rosa was the daughter of the Märta sister of Askolin's first wife Flora Hjorth.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

Widowed in 1880, Rosa had a son, Nils Oskar Osvald (born 1875), from an earlier marriage, as well as a daughter, Ella Rosa Sofia (born 1876).


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

A daughter, Maini Johanna Vilhelmina, was born to the couple in 1890, who was pampered by her parents.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

The family also included Rosa's mother, Märta Langén o.s. Hjorth.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

Askolin wanted to adopt Rosa's older children.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

Nils Oskar did not agree to the adoption, and did not want to move into the service of Askolin's movement.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

He was a drinker and died at the age of 28 in 1903.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

Ella became Askolin's adoptive daughter in 1900, but she died in 1909.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

Johannes Askolin passed away in 1912 of a stroke.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

Rosa Askolin lived only about a year after the death of her husband.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

Askolin's sole heir was his daughter Maini Askolin.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

The family tomb monument in Porvoo's Näsi Cemetery was designed by sculptor Walter Runeberg.


Question: What age was Johannes Askolin when his father died?

John Askol

[1] Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Heiman, Lauri| title = Two Trade Council| number = Kauppaneuvos Johannes Askolin| location = Porvoo| publisher = Oy Uusimaa| year = 1980| id = ISBN 951-95508-7-9| page = 54-116}} References Category:Finnish businessmen Category:Trade counselors Category:People born in 1843 Class:Dead in 1912


Question: How many families belong to the Order of Finland?

Finnish nobility

Finnish nobility means members of the Order of Finland.


Question: How many families belong to the Order of Finland?

Finnish nobility

The Swedish period in the Swedish kingdom with special rights, a secular rails, arose after Maunu Ladonluko's rule of Alsnö in 1279.


Question: How many families belong to the Order of Finland?

Finnish nobility

The Rälssi consisted of Swedish and German lineages who, like the predominantly Baltic nobility, were military elites from abroad and not descendants of the local population.


Question: How many families belong to the Order of Finland?

Finnish nobility

Contact with the great peasants and moisias of the upper classes of society that preceded the Swedish rule had no nobility and there were few if any Finns among them.


Question: How many families belong to the Order of Finland?

Finnish nobility

[1] According to the decree, the horseman equipped for the king's army was exempt from taxes and became a “raggler”.


Question: How many families belong to the Order of Finland?

Finnish nobility

[2] Many prosperous landowners belonged to the rails for long periods because it could afford to equip horsemen from generation to generation.


Question: How many families belong to the Order of Finland?

Finnish nobility

[3] Over time, brawl rights began to be granted even without performing a ragging service.


Question: How many families belong to the Order of Finland?

Finnish nobility

Tax exemption was not heritable at first, but John III decreed the rank of nobility to be hereditary in 1569.


Question: How many families belong to the Order of Finland?

Finnish nobility

[2] The concept of “nobility” came into use around the 16th century.In 1723, the law on the privileges of knighthood and nobility was confirmed.


Question: How many families belong to the Order of Finland?

Finnish nobility

In some respects, however, its provisions were repealed by the 1789 Book of Association and Collateral.


Question: How many families belong to the Order of Finland?

Finnish nobility

In this case, the nobility lost, among other things, its exclusive rights to the highest offices.


Question: How many families belong to the Order of Finland?

Finnish nobility

[4] [5] In addition, peasants also gained the right to acquire tax-exempt stocking farms [5], except ray farms.


Question: How many families belong to the Order of Finland?

Finnish nobility

[4] Russian time In 1809, the “Order of Finland and the Nobility of Finland” gathered in Porvoo for the Landtag, where it swore allegiance to the new Russian ruler, made a plan for the Grand Duchy's own Order House, and received replenishment of new nobles at the end of the Landtag and to a higher nobility rank from those raised.


Question: How many families belong to the Order of Finland?

Finnish nobility

These new nobility titles were no longer Swedish and neither were Russians on the other hand; they were separately granted by the Emperor to the Grand Duchy of Finland.


Question: How many families belong to the Order of Finland?

Finnish nobility

Thus a separate Finnish nobility had come into existence.


Question: How many families belong to the Order of Finland?

Finnish nobility

[6] The privileges of the nobility established in 1723, insofar as they had not been abrogated by the Book of Association and Collateral, remained in force even during Russian rule.


Question: How many families belong to the Order of Finland?

Finnish nobility

However, in the Reichstag of 1863—1864, it was decided to abolish the exclusive right of the regulation to own beam farms [4] [7], as well as the freedom of the nobility from payment of life money [4], and at the same time the abolition of other privileges of the nobility was discussed.


Question: How many families belong to the Order of Finland?

Finnish nobility

[4] The Reichstag of 1867 also repealed the provision that nobles had the right to exercise the Court of Appeal as their first instance.


Question: How many families belong to the Order of Finland?

Finnish nobility

[4] Although the exclusive right of the nobility to the highest offices was no longer valid, until the late 19th century the majority of senators were always nobles.


Question: How many families belong to the Order of Finland?

Finnish nobility

[4] The remaining privileges lost their most importance in 1906 when the Riksdag was abolished and replaced by a parliament based on universal suffrage.


Question: How many families belong to the Order of Finland?

Finnish nobility

[8] At the same time, however, a proposal for a new order of knights was also drawn up, but it was not confirmed until the Svinhufvud Senate in 1918.


Question: How many families belong to the Order of Finland?

Finnish nobility

[9] A few politicians, university men and businessmen were still nobled at the beginning of the 20th century, some of the last with a Finnish name.


Question: How many families belong to the Order of Finland?

Finnish nobility

The last noble Finn was August Langhoff, who was granted the title of Freeholder in 1912 [10].


Question: How many families belong to the Order of Finland?

Finnish nobility

The time of the Republic of Finland In independent Finland, the 1919 form of government mentioned citizens as being equal before the law.


Question: How many families belong to the Order of Finland?

Finnish nobility

The form of government prohibited granting new nobility or other hereditary values.


Question: How many families belong to the Order of Finland?

Finnish nobility

However, a few old privileges the nobles enjoyed even later, including a greater freedom than others to impose by will on their property in the city.


Question: How many families belong to the Order of Finland?

Finnish nobility

[11] The old titles were partially left in use.


Question: How many families belong to the Order of Finland?

Finnish nobility

[2] The privileges of regulation were completely abolished in 1995 under the Fundamental Rights Reform as obsolete and redundant in the preparatory work of the Act.


Question: How many families belong to the Order of Finland?

Finnish nobility

[12] [8] The nobility of Finland as a community owns the palace building of the Knights House.


Question: How many families belong to the Order of Finland?

Finnish nobility

The titles of the lineages entered in the Order of Finland are based on the Order of the Order of the Order of the Order of Finland from 1918.


Question: How many families belong to the Order of Finland?

Finnish nobility

[13] Every three years, the House of Knights publishes a calendar of nobility, officially called the Finnish Calendar of the Order and Nobility, in which all surviving members of the lineages entered in the Order are recorded.


Question: How many families belong to the Order of Finland?

Finnish nobility

[14] There are plenty of 150 of these noble families to survive.


Question: How many families belong to the Order of Finland?

Finnish nobility

The Order and Nobility of Finland comprises about 6000 persons.


Question: How many families belong to the Order of Finland?

Finnish nobility

In 2012, there were male-line lineages remaining 4 counties, 25 free-lords and 119 untitled noble lineages, plus a further 16 lineages that remained female-line.


Question: How many families belong to the Order of Finland?

Finnish nobility

[15] The class division of nobility in Sweden The Order of the Order of 1626 divided the nobility into three classes: the first, the lordship class (), comprised the Counts and Free Lords, the second class, namely the Order (riddarklass) the lower, and the third class (svenneklass) the rest ordinary noble families.


Question: How many families belong to the Order of Finland?

Finnish nobility

In the assemblies of the nobility, each class voted separately, and the class division of the nobility functioned similarly in the joint committees of the Riksdag as well.


Question: How many families belong to the Order of Finland?

Finnish nobility

Since most of the noble families belonged to the third class, this arrangement quantitatively increased the weight of the lesser high noble in decision-making.


Question: How many families belong to the Order of Finland?

Finnish nobility

When most of the power council families were elevated to counts and free lords during the Great Power period, the second class was reduced so small that it was decided to abolish the class division in 1719, and was not in use during the time of freedom.


Question: How many families belong to the Order of Finland?

Finnish nobility

However, it was restored by Gustav III in 1778, now so that the 300 oldest lineages of the third class were automatically elevated to the second class, as well as the commanders of the Royal Knights with their descendants, the so-called commanding genera (kommendörsätt).


Question: How many families belong to the Order of Finland?

Finnish nobility

This system was also inherited to the nobility of Finland, where the knighthood included noble lineages numbered 1—73.


Question: How many families belong to the Order of Finland?

Finnish nobility

The class division was used in Finland in the Reichstag in the Reichstag of Porvoo in 1809 and in the Reichstag of 1863—1864 and 1867—1868.


Question: How many families belong to the Order of Finland?

Finnish nobility

The class division of nobility was abolished in Finland by the Order of the Order of the Order of 1869.


Question: How many families belong to the Order of Finland?

Finnish nobility

In Sweden it had been repealed as early as 1810.


Question: How many families belong to the Order of Finland?

Finnish nobility

[16] See also List of Finnish noble families Knights House Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Raunio, Ilkka| title = From Adlercreutzes to Österbladhe: History of Finnish Weather Statistics | location = Helsinki| publisher = Tambi| year = 2000| id = ISBN 951-31-1742-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Snellman, Alex| title = Finnish Nobility: From the top of society to new roles 1809—1939| location = Helsinki| publisher = University of Helsinki | year = 2014| version = Dissertation.


Question: How many families belong to the Order of Finland?

Finnish nobility

Historical studies from the University of Helsing| isbn = 978-952-10-9750-8| id = ISSN| format = [Abstract]}}


Question: In what year did the Finnish state take responsibility for teaching?

compulsory education

Compulsory education understands the obligation imposed on all citizens in modern societies to acquire for themselves a certain basic education.


Question: In what year did the Finnish state take responsibility for teaching?

compulsory education

The Finnish compulsory education law Historia Finland introduced compulsory education with the Compulsory Education Act 1921, which made it compulsory for everyone to complete at least six years of national school syllabus.


Question: In what year did the Finnish state take responsibility for teaching?

compulsory education

The introduction took place comparatively late, as compulsory education had not been successfully enacted under Russian rule.


Question: In what year did the Finnish state take responsibility for teaching?

compulsory education

There was also opposition to compulsory education, as national school was feared to be costly to society and raise bad workers.


Question: In what year did the Finnish state take responsibility for teaching?

compulsory education

In practice compulsory education took place in most of the country as early as the 1920s, but in Fellturi-Lapland the last outlying villages were not included in the school network until the 1950s.


Question: In what year did the Finnish state take responsibility for teaching?

compulsory education

Compulsory education in Finland usually begins in the year when the child reaches the age of seven.


Question: In what year did the Finnish state take responsibility for teaching?

compulsory education

However, the start of school may be postponed by a year to a later or earlier date.


Question: In what year did the Finnish state take responsibility for teaching?

compulsory education

Most commonly, compulsory education is performed in a primary school that teaches subjects that are part of the syllabus.


Question: In what year did the Finnish state take responsibility for teaching?

compulsory education

It is also possible to complete compulsory education by means other than attending primary school - in this case, the guardians of the compulsory school are responsible for ensuring that the compulsory student receives the information in accordance with the basic education syllabus.


Question: In what year did the Finnish state take responsibility for teaching?

compulsory education

[1] End of compulsory education Compulsory education ceases upon completion of the curriculum or ten years after the commencement of compulsory education [2] [3], the latter for most people denotes the summer of the year in which the pupil reaches the age of 17.


Question: In what year did the Finnish state take responsibility for teaching?

compulsory education

Upon completion of school, the pupil receives a master's certificate from the school, while other students completing compulsory education must attend a special qualification in order to obtain a certificate indicating the completion and completion of the syllabus.


Question: In what year did the Finnish state take responsibility for teaching?

compulsory education

These degrees may be awarded by a body providing primary education.


Question: In what year did the Finnish state take responsibility for teaching?

compulsory education

Most homeschooling students complete this degree in their home municipality.


Question: In what year did the Finnish state take responsibility for teaching?

compulsory education

Extended compulsory education for children in need of support may be extended.


Question: In what year did the Finnish state take responsibility for teaching?

compulsory education

The 11-year compulsory education of children covered by extended compulsory education begins at the age of 6.


Question: In what year did the Finnish state take responsibility for teaching?

compulsory education

(PoL § 25).


Question: In what year did the Finnish state take responsibility for teaching?

compulsory education

At the same time, the decision on extended compulsory education is a decision on admission to special education.


Question: In what year did the Finnish state take responsibility for teaching?

compulsory education

School dropout The majority of compulsory schoolers complete their compulsory education by the age of 16.