Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

[103] Among the notable buildings representing the Baroque, one can mention, for example, Charlottenburg Castle in western Berlin, the construction of which was begun in 1695.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

However, the actual centre was formed around the parade street Unter den Linden, along which many of Berlin's well-known attractions lie.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

The street begins in the west at Pariser Platz Square and the Brandenburg Gate (1788—1791), a symbol of the city.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Next to the gate is the Reichstag House (1894).


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Further east along the street are the main building of the State Library (1914), the equestrian statue of Fredrik the Great, and the Bebelplatz Square, surrounded by, among others, the main building of Humboldt University (1748—1766) and the Royal Opera (1742).


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

On the east side of the square are other notable buildings, such as the Neue Wache (1818), originally built to guard soldiers, and the oldest surviving building along the street, the Zeughaus (1695—1730), where today the German Historical Museum is located.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

To the east of this is the Museum Island (Museuminsel), which takes its name from the huge museum complex there (1830—1930) and on which the Berlin Cathedral (1895—1905) also rises.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Slightly east of it lies, among others, the Red Town Hall (1869).


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

South of Unter den Linden, on the other hand, is the Gendarmenmarkt, considered the most beautiful square in the city, with its twin churches (17th and 18th century switchboard).


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

[104] The city centre is also associated with the Tiergarten Park on its west side, which houses the Siegessäule, a victory column built to commemorate the German Unification Wars of 1861—1871, and Bellevue Castle (1786).


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

The area west of the Tiergarten, which forms the centre of present-day West Berlin, had long been peripheral, but its development began in the Imperial period.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Among other things, KaDeWe, which remains the largest department store in continental Europe, was built there between 1906 and 1907.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

[105] Much of Berlin's neighbourhoods took their present form during the 19th-century building boom (“Gründerzeit”) and the turn of the century, when the main architectural stylistic directions were historicism and Art Nouveau.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Good examples are the boroughs of Prenzlauer Berg, Kreuzberg and Schöneberg.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Social housing in the Weimar Republic during the Weimar Republic was invested in improving the housing conditions of the poor people.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Among other things, the architecture school Bauhaus was strongly influenced by ideas.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Six Berlin neighbourhoods built during that period were added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2008 as examples of the new type of architecture that gave direction internationally, as well as urban and garden design.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

[106] Among the landmarks built during the Weimar Republic can also be mentioned, for example, the Berlin Radio Tower (Funkturm).


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

During Nazi Germany, unprecedented major construction projects were undertaken in Berlin, although only a small part could be implemented.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Adolf Hitler and Albert Speer planned to rebuild Berlin into a new “world capital”, Welthauptstadt Germania.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

During World War II there was already time to demolish and clear the surroundings of the Reichstag House, where the immense Große Halle (or Halle des Volkes) was to be built.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

The German defeat in 1945 nipped these plans in the bud, and of the few completed buildings, many — such as the Reich Chancellery — were razed after the war.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

What remains are the Detlev-Rohwedder-Haus, which was occupied by the German Ministry of Finance, which housed the administration of the Air Force of Nazi Germany, in addition to the Olympic Stadium built for the Berlin Olympics in 1936 and the terminal at Tempelhof Airport, which was, when completed, the European the longest building.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Also worth mentioning is the Schwerbelastungskörper still near Tempelhof Airport, a huge cylinder cast from concrete that was meant to measure whether the city's soil could withstand the weight of massive buildings designed by Hitler and Speer.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Berlin was largely destroyed, first in the final battles of World War II and later in the division of Berlin.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

The old centre was left bisected by a wall and, for example, Potsdamer Platz, the business centre of the 1920s—1930s, was completely destroyed to make way for the wall.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Major new construction began in both halves of the city.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

In the 1950s—1960s, a new centre was built for East Berlin around the destroyed Alexanderplatz.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

The former Frankfurter Allee was shaped into a wide parade street by Stalin-Allee (now Karl-Marx-Allee) and flanked with buildings built in the Soviet style.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

On this street, East Germany held its flamboyant victory parades, and the residences along it were intended for party officials as well as distinguished citizens.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

[107] A 365 metre high television tower, Fernsehturm, became a landmark in the Alexanderplatz area and all of Berlin.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

The historic centre, which remained on the East Berlin side, was also being rebuilt: the Royal Palace of Hohenzollerns, which had been badly damaged in bombings, was blown up in the 1950s as a symbol of “Prussian militarism,” and the German Democratic Republic was built on the site Parliament House Palace of the Republic (Palast der Republik) in front of which was a double statue of Marx and Engels.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

The palace housed the Volkskammer, the parliament of the German Democratic Republic.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

In 2003, the German Bundestag decided that the building should be razed because of asbestos and a new cultural centre, the Humboldt-Forum, will be built in its place, with modern interiors but whose facade will become an exact replica of the Royal Palace.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Demolition work was completed in December 2008.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Modernist West Berlin The centre of West Berlin was formed around the trading street Kurfürstendamm.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Its landmark is the Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church (Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gedächtniskirche), destroyed in war, whose ruins have been left standing to remind the absurdity of war next to a modernist new church building.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

[108] A tower house Europa-Center was also built nearby, which is also one of West Berlin's landmarks.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Milestones of West Berlin architecture during the division include, for example, the Hansaviertel residential area (whose design included Alvar Aalto), the Kulturforum ensemble with the Berlin Philharmonia and many other cultural buildings, such as the New National Gallery (1960 chapter), as well as the Berlin Congress Hall.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

These are all located in the loins of the Tiergarten.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Further west in Charlottenburg lies another convention centre, the ICC, which is among the largest in the world and is also regarded as one of the major works of post-war West German architecture.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Postmodern united Berlin United Berlin has been the subject of lively new construction since the demolition of the wall.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

The loss of the wall meant the appearance of a huge unbuilt zone in the middle of the city of a million.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

The construction of the new Berlin has been a spectacular economic and symbolic project to build a capital city for a united Germany in line with its European superpower.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

[109] Most of the administration of the Federal Republic of Germany has moved from Bonn to Berlin, and a new administrative district has sprung up in the surroundings of the restored Reichstag House, most prominently the new Chancellery Office (2001).


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

For example, the joint building of Nordic embassies (1999) south of the Tiergarten has also become famous because of its architecture.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

There are elevated skyscrapers to Potsdamer Platz and a spectacular Sony Center completed in 2000.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

A new Berlin Central Railway Station, the largest junction station in Europe, was completed north of the Tiergarten in 2006.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Attractions in United Berlin also include the new building of the Jewish Museum (1999) and the Holocaust Memorial (2005) unveiled next to the Brandenburg Gate in the former Wall Zone.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Major projects in the coming years include the construction of a replica of the Royal Palace to replace the demolished Palace of the Republic.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Invited to build the united Berlin were the great masters of postmodernism James Stirling of London, Hans Hollein of Vienna, Rob Krier of Luxembourg, Arata Isozaki of Tokyo and Richard Meier of New York.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Influences from all over the world were desired in Germany and were thought to be inspired by German architects.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

[110] Berlin therefore accommodates multi-era architecture, but today Germany focuses on ecological construction.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Berlin is investing in using solar energy and using materials less than nature in architecture.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

[111] Urban nature and recreation areas For a million city, Berlin is exceptionally green.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

The general look of the city is already affected by the fact that most of the streets are lined with timber slopes, including in downtown or suburban areas, mostly except for some parts of Mitte.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

In addition, there are more than 2500 parks and other recreation areas within the built up city, covering a total of 11.5% of the area.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

[112] The largest and most famous of these parks is the Tiergarten (proverbially “Zoo” or “Zoological Park”) in the heart of the city.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

It takes its name from the fact that it was founded in the 16th century originally as a hunting ground for the Electors of Brandenburg.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

The pristine nature of Berlin — as in German cities in general — has been kept more strictly separate from the built city than in Finland.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Thus, residential areas and forests do not mix together in the same way as the suburbs of Finnish cities.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

The matter of missing “nearby forests” is driven by built parks.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

However, keeping the community structure tight has allowed extensive unitary forest areas to be left entirely recreational in the periphery of the city.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

These forests cover 18% of the area of the city.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

[112] The most famous of them is the Grunewald on the western edge of the city, where one of Berlin's largest lakes, the Wannsee, is also located.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Wannsee, just under 1.3 kilometres long, is said to be Europe's largest inland beach.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

[113] A special position among the parks is the Botanical Garden in southwest Berlin, which, with its size of 43 hectares and some 22000 species of plants, is among the largest in the world.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

[114] There are two zoos in Berlin.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Opened in 1844, just off the centre of West Berlin, the Zoologischer Garten is the world's most species-rich zoo (around 1400 species and 14000 animals).


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

[115] During the division of the city, the Tierpark, established in East Berlin, has fewer animals, but it was designed to function as a park at the same time.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

It is the largest landscape zoo in Europe by area (160ha).


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

[116] Culture Theatre, Music and Cinema Theatres in Berlin are counted at 52 with a total of 9729 performances in 2005.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

[5] Large, well-known theatres include the Berliner Ensemble, Volksbühne, Deutsches Theater Berlin, Friedrichstadt-Palast and Theater des Westens.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

The new musical theatre recently opened on Potsdamer Platz has also received a lot of attention for its part.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

There are three opera houses in Berlin.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

The oldest of them, the former Royal Court Opera and the current State Opera (Staatsoper Unter den Linden), was founded in 1742.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Due to repair work on the State Opera building, opera performances will be held between October 2010 and 2013 at the Schiller Theater in the Charlottenburg borough.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Alongside the State Opera came the Deutsche Oper Berlin in 1912, as well as in 1947 a further Komische Oper Berlin.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

In 2004, in order to improve the money distribution between operas, they were incorporated together with the State Ballet (Staatsballett Berlin) into the Berlin Opera Foundation (Stiftung Oper in Berlin).


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Three more independent opera societies operate outside the foundation.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

[117] Orchestras and choirs in Berlin are also abundant: seven symphony orchestras, about 15 chamber orchestras and choirs around 850.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

[117] The best known orchestras include the Berlin Philharmonic, the Staatskapelle Berlin and the Konzerthausorchester Berlin.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

In particular, the Berlin Concert Hall and the Berlin Philharmonia serve as venues.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

There are around 250 clubs and other venues specialising in performing live music.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

[118] From events in the music industry, for example, the world-famous electronic music festival Love Parade has attracted 1.5 million participants at best.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

[119] Several hundred film and television production companies operate in Berlin, producing more than 300 films each year.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

[120] Important filming locations include Filmstudio Babelsberg in Potsdam, founded in 1911.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

The Berlin Film Festival, held since 1951, is the most internationally famous part of the Berlin Festival (Berliner Festspiele) and one of the most important film festivals in the world.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

[121] Fine Arts Although Berlin has not served as the actual birthplace of German-oriented stylistic directions such as expressionism or neofaciality, the city has been traditionally vibrant and prominent in the field of visual arts.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

[122] In addition to large art museums, Berlin has several small galleries and museums, such as the Käthe-Kollwitz-Museum Berlin, which contains the works of prominent female artist Käthe Kollwitz.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

There are plenty of public sculptures on the streets and parks; one of the most famous is the equestrian statue of Alter Fritz, or Fredrik the Great, on Unter den Linden.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

[123] The art of painting in art museums since the 13th century is exhibited by the Gemäldegalerie near Potsdamer Platz, among others.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

The Alte Nationalgalerie and Galerie der Romantik give a good insight into German 18th—19th century art.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

[124] The Neue Nationalgalerie contains a cross-section of the art of Germans and also foreign modernists.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Contemporary art is provided by the Deutsche Guggenheim Art Museum, which holds four major exhibitions a year.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Berlin has served as a traditional and vibrant centre of German Underground art since the 1920s.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

The city has numerous performances and happenings organised by local and artists from elsewhere over the year.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

[125] Museums Berlin houses several museums of international importance.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Especially famous is the Museum Island (Museumsinsel) in the center of the city, which since 1999 has been included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

The oldest museum on the island is the Old Museum (Altes Museum), founded in 1830.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

It was followed in 1859 by the New Museum (Neues Museum), in 1876 by the Old National Gallery (Alte Nationalgalerie), in 1904 by the Bode Museum (Bode-Museum), and in 1930 by the Pergamon Museum (Pergamon-Museum).


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

With the exception of the Old National Gallery, which specialises in 19th-century painting and sculpture art, these museums display mainly archaeological collections, including artifacts from ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Greece, Rome and Byzantium, among others.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Most visitors are drawn to the Pergamon Museum, whose well-known attraction lobbies include the monumental altar found in Pergamon, the Miletos Gate and the Ištar Gate, which was part of Babylon's city wall.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

[126] The shelters of the Altes Museum include e.g.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

a bust of Queen Nefertiti.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

There are also numerous notable museums in other parts of Berlin, such as the Gemäldegalerie and the Neue Nationalgalerie exhibiting the art of painting.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

The German Historical Museum (Deutsches Historisches Museum) on Unter den Linden presents the history of the country over a period of more than 2000 years.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

More recent history focuses, for example, on the Wall Museum next to Checkpoint Charlie (Mauermuseum — Haus am Checkpoint Charlie).


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

The Berlin Jewish Museum (Jüdisches Museum Berlin), opened in 1999, which tells the fate of Jews in Germany, has also attracted attention because of its architecture.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

A major museum concentration is located in the Dahlem district, including a museum of Indian art, East Asian art and ethnological, among others.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

The Deutsches Technikmuseum Berlin is one of the largest museums of engineering in the world.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Many castles, such as Charlottenburg Castle, and other historical buildings also serve as museums.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

In total, the city has more than 170 different museums and about 300 art galleries.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

[127] In 1997, the first “Night of Museums” event (Lange Nacht der Museen) took place in Berlin, which has subsequently been modelled around the world.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

[128] Food culture Traditional Berlin cuisine includes some of its own specialities, although overall it is part of northern German cuisine.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

You could characterize it as unpretentious and thoughtful.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

The main part is meat, especially pork and beef, but because the Berlin region has an abundance of water bodies, plenty of fish have also been eaten there, for example carp, walleye and eel.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Among the traditional vegetables, cabbages, pea crops, as well as various root vegetables can be mentioned.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Typical Berlin dishes include Eisbein (pork pot served with sauerkraut and pea puree), Kasseler (smoked pork), and Bockwurst (a type of sausage containing mainly pork).


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

However, traditional foods do not have a very strong position in practice; eating habits are quite international in Berlin, which is already influenced by the size of the city's immigrant population.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

The range of ethnic restaurants is considerable, and there are many of them because eating out is common in Berlin on more than holidays.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

[129] There are a dense number of shops and stalls offering fast food in Berlin.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

The local speciality Currywurst (sausage pieces served with tomato-based curry sauce) emerged as the most popular fast food in the late 1940s.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

In recent decades, at least as great popularity has been achieved by the kebab, or Döner in German terms, the local variant of which is usually sold for inclusion inside Turkish bread (not pita bread).


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

The Berlin-based Döner has become widely known, and today local kebab skewers are even exported to Turkey.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

[130] The most famous of the Berlin pastries is the Berlin monk, who, although in the city itself, is not called by this name but by the name Pfannkuchen.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Berlin-based beverages are best known outside the city for its beers, particularly the Berliner Weiße type wheat beer, with which it is customary to mix either raspberry or marath syrup, which dyes the beer red or green.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Sports Berlin was the host city of the 1936 Summer Olympics.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

It then went offside for political reasons.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

During the Cold War, awarding the Games of Values to West Berlin would likely have led to a boycott of the Soviet-led Eastern Bloc.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

[131] In the spirit of slimming in the 1970s, the city was allowed to host a few initial group matches of the 1974 Football World Cup, as well as the World Swimming Cup in 1978.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Thereafter, the big political frost began to tighten again, and the Grand Games were allowed to wait for the Berlin Wall to fall.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

[131] Berlin was one of the host cities of the 2006 Football World Cup.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Berlin qualified for the World Championships in Athletics in 2009.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

The EuroLeague final four was held at the O2 World in the city during the 2008—09 season.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Among sports clubs Berlin by far the most popular sport is football typically for a German city, where the city has a team in the Bundesliga, Hertha BSC.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

In Germany, handball is also typically seen next most in the street image.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

City team Füchse Berlin took their first major win in spring 2014 by winning the DHB-Pokal of the German Cup.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

The first official handball match of the modern period was played in Germany specifically in Berlin in 1917.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Football: Hertha BSC Berlin, 1.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

FC Union Berlin Basketball: ALBA Berlin (Basketball-Bundesliga) Handball: Füchse Berlin (Handball-Bundesliga) Ice Hockey: Eisbären Berlin (DEL) Volleyball: SCC (Bundesliga) Water Polo: Wasserfreunde Spandau 04 (Bundesliga) Berlin Friendlies Berlin First twinning was established between West Berlin and Los Angeles in 1967, and the city today has 17 official twinning cities.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

[132] East Berlin also established twinned relations, but these were terminated when Berlin reunified.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

In addition to twinning cities, Berlin has cooperation activities with at least Copenhagen, Helsinki, Johannesburg, Shanghai, Seoul, Sofia, Sydney and Vienna.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Sources Common sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Rainer Eisenschmidt & Isolde Bacher & Gisela Buddée| title = Berlin — Potsdam| publisher = Verlag Karl Baedeker| year = 2006| version = 17th edition| id = ISBN 3-8297-1054-2| language = Template:De}} (traditional Baedeker Series Travel Guide) References On the topic elsewhere Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

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Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Berlin in fiction Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Döblin, Alfred| title = Berlin Alexanderplatz| publisher = WSOY| year = 1994| version=Finland. Aarno Peromies}} Nonfiction Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Abenstein, Edelgard & Fiedler, Jeannine| title = Berlin: art and architecture| publisher = Ullmann| year = 2009| version = Translated by Pirkko Roinila and Otto Lappalainen| id = ISBN 978-3-8331-8331-8331-71-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Donner, Jörn| title = Berlin — everyday life and threat| publisher = WSOY| year = 1958| version = Finland. Toivo J. Kivilahti}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hapuli, Ritva (ed.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

) | title = Berlin: Author's City| publisher = Society of Finnish Literary Literary | year = 2004}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hentilä, Marjaliisa & Hentilä, Seppo| title = Berlin.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Tours in recent history| location = Helsinki| publisher = Bookworks| year = 2008| id = ISBN 978-951-607-693-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Möttölä, Matias| title = Berlin| publisher = Image| year = 2006}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Saarinen, Hannes | title = Berlin.


Question: In which German state is the city of Weimar located?

Berlin

Culture and History| publisher = Otava| year = 1999}} * Category:Key articles of screening Category:41.3 Central Europe


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

Virve is the world's first nationwide authority radio network based on the TETRA standard.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

The network is operated entirely by Suomen Virveverkko Oy, part of the Finnish Isolated Networks Group [1].


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

The network is used by public authorities and authorised private operators [2].


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

The Prime Minister's Office is responsible for the corporate governance of Virveverkko Oy of Finland.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

The Ministry of Transport and Communications has decided on groups of users who have the right to access the services of the Virve network.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

Virtue users include authorities such as rescue, police, social and health service, defence forces, border guard, customs, emergency services and municipalities.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

The virtue is also used in other safety-critical activities such as industry, guarding, order control, and CIT.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

The history of VIRVE's technology has been implemented by Nokia and later by EADS Secure Networks Oy and the Ministry of Internal Affairs was responsible for procurement in the construction of the network.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

The system uses a frequency range of 380 to 399.9MHz [3].


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

According to the ECC frequency decision, VIRVE operates between 380 and 385MHz and 390 to 395MHz.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

In addition, nationally, Virtue has also been assigned between 385 and 390MHz and 385 to 386MHz above and 395 to 396MHz.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

These latter 1MHz additional bands are intended for government activity in the event that TETRA TEDS or any other technology providing high-speed data transmission is desired for government use.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

It is estimated that the remainder of the area, between 386 and 390MHz as well as 396 to 399.9MHz will also become available to the authorities within the decade 2010-2020.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

[3] The frequency range of the Virve network is lower than the lowest GSM frequency used in Finland and therefore less base stations are needed because longer radio waves travel farther than shorter ones.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

Digital Virtue is encrypted unlike its analog counterparts and has combined as users of the same radio network all authorities that used separate radio networks previously.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

The network allows image transmission and the same digital add-on services as GSM.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

In practice, in order to save network transmission capacity in the area of the base station, the aim is to communicate instead of the possible much speech by SMS and listening to the whole group to get a snapshot.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

The principle is to aim for communication sparing communications so that when the situation changes, the network does not become overloaded when new operators enter the network in the area of the base station.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

In addition, a group calling feature is enabled online to enable fast and efficient communication within the talk group.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

As many as 50,000 terminals are planned for the network.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

As of August 2007, the terminal count was approximately 290,000.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

The power of the base stations is set to 25 watts, the power of vehicle stations is 10 watts, and the power of portable devices is 0.5 to 2 watts.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

The network is divided into speech groups, which can be combined and modified according to the operation required at any given time.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

The network is mostly used by the so-called security authorities, namely rescue, police, correctional service, Finnish Defence Force, Social and Health Service, Emergency Services, Border Guard and Customs, but there are other user groups as defined by the Ministry of Transport and Communications [4].


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

In addition, the authorities also grant access to the Virve system, limited to a fixed term, on a contractual basis or for separate events, also to other specified entities, such as some guarding shops.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

In this case, guards on duty can also use the Virtue, but the guards do not have the opportunity to access speech groups intended for the authorities.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

Nationwide, the network consists of five cells: Sub-network 1 - Provinces of Kymenlaakso and South Karelia, Gulf of Finland Coast, Åland Islands Osaverkko 2 - formerly Eastern Finland (—2009), Central Finland Provinces Osaverkko 3 - Satakunta, Uusimaa, Eastern Uusimaa, Päijät-Häme, Pirkanmaa, Varsinais-Suomi Osaverkko 4 - formerly Oulu County (—2009) Osanetwork 5 - formerly Lapland County (—2009) Virtue is managed and the maintenance and development of the network is carried out by Suomen Erikoverkot Oy, which is wholly owned by the State of Finland.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

The company's corporate governance is provided by the Ministry of Internal Affairs.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

Virve Network Services The Virtue system supports numerous services that have not existed on separate networks of previous generations.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

Group traffic Group calls on the Virve network correspond in form to conventional simplex radio telephony.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

The user can participate in a group call of their choice.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

The system ensures that only one user is able to speak at a time.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

The user can also belong to several groups at the same time.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

Group calling can operate throughout the network or only in part of the network.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

The group call cannot be listened to from outside the designated area.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

Major accident talk groups can be formed in case of major accidents.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

In emergency medical services, activities are divided into classification activities, nursing activities and transport activities.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

For this purpose, there is a major accident speech group model differentiated from conventional speech groups, SURO.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

The SURO speech groups are pre-adjusted according to the area of activity.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

In the SURO model, those entering the operating area first report to the medical director on the scene.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

This Enrollment Speech Group can be labeled as either the Income Speech Group or Threshold Speech Group.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

For the internal workings of the emergency medical service, the medical director and the emergency care sector managers have a management talk group, LÄÄKJ.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

Each sector leader also uses a speech group for their sector, classification activities, nursing activities or transport activities.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

[5] As described above, an INPUT, MEDICINE, classification, treatment and transport groups are required, five speaking groups for emergency medical treatment of a major accident that is deviated from normal operation at the site.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

Activities are ensured by obtaining one Virve phone for the Medical Director for each speech group.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

It is also possible that there are six talk groups and six Virtue telephones at the disposal of a single medical director, in which case functionally it is like six radio networks.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

In practice, abundant phone management is handled by the appointment of an assistant to the medical director.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

Sixth Virtue phone and talk group can be addressed to the medical director's communications snapshot to the medical manager of the medical facility in the area.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

In addition, other groups such as social services, crisis services and voluntary emergency services may join the activities.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

The Virtue Network was created to provide the authorities with their own nationwide, reliable and secure radio network.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

Planning for the network began in the early 1990s when the maintenance of the dozens of analog authority networks in use was found to be costly.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

The increased demands of public authorities for messaging, such as cooperation between authorities, also spurred Virve's adoption.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

In 1995 it was decided to invest EUR 134 million in a new public authority shared radio network.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

Construction of the network began in 1998.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

Covering the entire country, the Virve network was completed in 2002.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

At its completion, the network was the world's first earth-covering government-shared TETRA network.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

The Virtue network replaced about 50 old analog and regionally served networks.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

Similar regulatory networks complying with the TETRA standard are widely used in almost all European countries.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

For example, Norway's TETRA network was completed in 2015 and Germany's 2016.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

In 2016, there are 37000 Virve subscriptions in use [2] and over 100000 users.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

With new user groups, the subscription volume is steadily increasing.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

There are approximately 1400 tracks of access stations on the network, which achieves nationwide radio coverage.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

This is possible due to the lower frequency of GSM networks used in TETRA, from 390 MHz to 410 MHz, since the lower-frequency waves are longer than high-frequency waves.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

Mobile phones initially in Finland were operating at 450 MHz as in other parts of the Nordic countries (NMT-450), but gradually moved to 800 MHz to 1900 MHz, shorter wavelengths than before.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

Only about 10% of the 1400 base stations in the Finnish government network TETRA are aggregated, so that 90% of the base station batteries are depleted within hours as a network power outage like a cellular network.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

Implementation Virven technology has been implemented by Nokia.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

With multiple business deals, advances in TETRA technology have ended up with Airbus Defence and Space.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

[6] Digital Virtue is encrypted unlike previously used analog networks.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

The network enables the same digital add-on services as GSM.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

In addition, a group calling feature is enabled online to enable fast and efficient communication within the talk group.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

The group call is Virve's most important feature.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

Virve's user organization has access to a virtual radio network covering the country, whose subscribers and speech groups can be managed by the organisation's administrator himself.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

Each administrator is only able to manage the data of its own organization.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

Alternatively, the organization may assign the main use to the operator.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

With terminals Virve can use handheld walkie-talkies or fixed vehicle radios.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

In addition, the entities responsible for operations, such as management centres, may use the DWS to manage the organisation's subscribers and speech groups if necessary.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

Connecting various snapshot and field management systems to Virtue is also possible.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

Virve Network Services The Virtue system supports a number of services that have not existed on analog networks of previous generations.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

Voice Services Group call Group calls in the Virve network correspond in form to conventional simplex radio telephony.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

The user can participate in a group call of their choice.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

The system ensures that only one user is able to speak at a time.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

The user can also belong to several groups at the same time.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

Group calling can operate throughout the network or only in part of the network.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

Individual call Individual calls can be calls between two terminals, between an emergency center and a terminal, or between two emergency centers.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

The user can also make a call to a public telephone network.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

A distress call A distress call can be performed using the emergency button on the terminal and is forwarded to the emergency center in your area as an individual call.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

If the distress call is not picked up, after 20 seconds it switches as a normal 911 call to the 911 emergency switchboard (112).


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

[7] Direct Channel Direct Channel (DMO — Direct Mode Operation) allows direct connection between terminals without access points, i.e. without network service.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

The direct channel function can be used, for example, in situations where the connection to a fixed network has been lost.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

Data Services Short Messaging Short Messages work in the same way as SMS on a GSM network.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

Short messages can also be targeted by a group, with all group members acting as message recipients.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

Status Message The user can send to the center or other users with prearranged status messages about their status.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

The message is transmitted without the need to establish a call connection.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

Status messages are also used for various device controls, for example, remote control of fire station public address equipment and civil defense sirens from the emergency center.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

Positioning A user's location can be roughly defined based on access points and more precisely by GPS positioning with short messages.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

The location can be monitored, for example, by the Emergency Centre or other users of fixed terminals (DWS), as well as users of field management systems.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

Several terminals have a built-in GPS receiver, the accuracy of the positioning information provided by which is within the order of 10 meters.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

The data generated by the terminal's internal GPS can be monitored in real time.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

Package data Virve's packet data services were introduced after 2001.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

The packet data transfer rate is 7.2kbit/s on one channel.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

The theoretical transfer rate of one channel is 9.0kbit/s, but some of the channel speed goes to processing different control and relay data.


Question: Who maintains the snare?

VIRTUE

Sources See also Virve communication in health and social services About elsewhere Yle, 2018 Category:Cellular networks


Question: Did the Soviet Union take Finns as prisoners of war in the Winter War?

Prisoners of war in Finland during World War II comprises soldiers held captive in Finland between 1939 and 1945.


Question: Did the Soviet Union take Finns as prisoners of war in the Winter War?

The Finns captured 5,700 Soviet soldiers during the Winter War, who survived relatively well.


Question: Did the Soviet Union take Finns as prisoners of war in the Winter War?

Instead, during the Continuation War, the Finns captured 64,000 soldiers, nearly 30% of whom perished.


Question: Did the Soviet Union take Finns as prisoners of war in the Winter War?

The highest-ranking prisoner of war captured by the Finns was Major General Vladimir Kirpitchnikov.


Question: Did the Soviet Union take Finns as prisoners of war in the Winter War?

Prison killings of Finns in Continuation War During the Continuation War, an estimated 20,000 captured Red Army soldiers were killed in Finnish POW camps.


Question: Did the Soviet Union take Finns as prisoners of war in the Winter War?

According to the National Archives database, 19,085 prisoners were killed, [1] but Adjunct Professor Antti Kujala estimated a more correct figure of 22,000 persons in his book Prison Surgery.


Question: Did the Soviet Union take Finns as prisoners of war in the Winter War?

[2] Most died of illness, but those shot accounted for more than 5%, or 1,019 prisoners.


Question: Did the Soviet Union take Finns as prisoners of war in the Winter War?

The number is high on international comparisons.


Question: Did the Soviet Union take Finns as prisoners of war in the Winter War?

On top of this, about 200 prisoners were shot before they had been recorded as prisoners.


Question: Did the Soviet Union take Finns as prisoners of war in the Winter War?

The cause was “knuckle hatred”, weak discipline, lack of food and mental health problems among the guards.


Question: Did the Soviet Union take Finns as prisoners of war in the Winter War?

Killings were not usually organized from the command step; violence was more sporadic.


Question: Did the Soviet Union take Finns as prisoners of war in the Winter War?

In cases heard by the Supreme Court of Finland, 500 prisoners of war were killed behind the front and 181 at the front.


Question: Did the Soviet Union take Finns as prisoners of war in the Winter War?

Not all of them resulted in a conviction or even an indictment.


Question: Did the Soviet Union take Finns as prisoners of war in the Winter War?

[3] After the war, 213 individuals were convicted in the Supreme Court for prisoner of war slayings.


Question: Did the Soviet Union take Finns as prisoners of war in the Winter War?

Twenty-two men were found to be devoid of full understanding.


Question: Did the Soviet Union take Finns as prisoners of war in the Winter War?

[4] During the Continuation War, the control division under the Finnish Headquarters handed over over over 500 Finnish prisoners of war revealed to be communists or Jews during interrogations to the Germans, who apparently immediately killed them.


Question: Did the Soviet Union take Finns as prisoners of war in the Winter War?

The security police, Valpo, on the other hand, handed over persons from German-occupied territories to the Germans for return to their home countries, despite the fact that Germans were known to kill prisoners.


Question: Did the Soviet Union take Finns as prisoners of war in the Winter War?

Some of these extradited were prisoners of war.


Question: Did the Soviet Union take Finns as prisoners of war in the Winter War?

German prisoner of war killings in northern Finland during the Continuation War During the Continuation War, German troops had around one hundred POW camps and 30,000 Soviet prisoners of war in northern Finland.


Question: Did the Soviet Union take Finns as prisoners of war in the Winter War?

[5] The Einsatzkommando Finnland Special Unit had been set up to separate unwanted ingredients from prisoners of war - mainly Communists and Jews who were subsequently slain.


Question: Did the Soviet Union take Finns as prisoners of war in the Winter War?

[6] Detectives from the Finnish State Police (Valpo I) worked under a special unit between 1941 and 1942 in two prison camps as interrogators and interpreters.


Question: Did the Soviet Union take Finns as prisoners of war in the Winter War?

Based on interrogation records, some of the prisoners were shot by the Germans.


Question: Did the Soviet Union take Finns as prisoners of war in the Winter War?

[6] National Archives Research Project The debate on the treatment of prisoners of war arose as a result of Elina Sanaa's study “The Abandoned” published in 2003.


Question: Did the Soviet Union take Finns as prisoners of war in the Winter War?

This led the National Archives to launch a research project Finland, prisoners of war and human rendition 1939—1955 in 2004.


Question: Did the Soviet Union take Finns as prisoners of war in the Winter War?

The intention was to find out e.g.


Question: Did the Soviet Union take Finns as prisoners of war in the Winter War?

deaths of prisoners of war in Finnish POW camps and the activities of Finnish authorities in connection with the treatment, rendition, return and exchange of prisoners of war.


Question: Did the Soviet Union take Finns as prisoners of war in the Winter War?

According to the results of the survey, just over 500 refugees and prisoners of war were handed over to the Germans for execution.


Question: Did the Soviet Union take Finns as prisoners of war in the Winter War?

Two dozen executions were carried out by the Finns themselves.


Question: Did the Soviet Union take Finns as prisoners of war in the Winter War?

Ten percent of those sent to die were Jewish.


Question: Did the Soviet Union take Finns as prisoners of war in the Winter War?

[7] See also Finnish POW camps in the Continuation War Finnish prisoners of war in the Soviet Union Sulo Malm Eero Nero German prison camps in Finland 1941—1945 German army field punishment camps in Finland Stalag 309 Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kujala, Antti| title = Prison murders: Unlawful shootings of Soviet prisoners of war in Continuation War| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2008| id = ISBN 978-951-0-33761-5}} References on the topic elsewhere (Archive Institute) Category:Prison camps in Finland 1939—1945 Category:Winter War Class:Continuation War


Question: In which country does Smart manufacture its cars?

Smart

Smart (formerly MCC smart) is a passenger car brand whose range consists of compact car models, midget cars.


Question: In which country does Smart manufacture its cars?

Smart

Today, Smart is part of the Daimler Group and is headquartered in Böblingen, Germany.


Question: In which country does Smart manufacture its cars?

Smart

The History Smart Fortwo is manufactured at Smartville in a factory made for it in Hambach, Lorraine, France.


Question: In which country does Smart manufacture its cars?

Smart

Smart was founded in 1994 as a joint venture between Daimler-Benz and Swiss watch manufacturer Swatch.


Question: In which country does Smart manufacture its cars?

Smart

Initially, Swatch supported the project, which was renamed Swatchmobile.


Question: In which country does Smart manufacture its cars?

Smart

The car was intended to be innovative and use hybrid technology, for example.


Question: In which country does Smart manufacture its cars?

Smart

Plus, it was supposed to be a cheap car for youth.


Question: In which country does Smart manufacture its cars?

Smart

Nicolas Hayek, chief executive of Swatch, was looking for an existing carmaker that would start producing the Swatch car.


Question: In which country does Smart manufacture its cars?

Smart

Hayek found a partner in Volkswagen, but the plans never progressed to a final deal.


Question: In which country does Smart manufacture its cars?

Smart

Eventually, Swatch ended up in a joint venture with Daimler-Benz.


Question: In which country does Smart manufacture its cars?

Smart

The car turned out to be far from planned, and its technology was traditional.


Question: In which country does Smart manufacture its cars?

Smart

The car was even more expensive than most small 4-seater cars.


Question: In which country does Smart manufacture its cars?

Smart

The joint venture made heavy losses, and eventually Swatch pulled out of the entire project before any cars even went into serial production.


Question: In which country does Smart manufacture its cars?

Smart

In 2003, Veho Group started importing smart as well as reselling at its offices.


Question: In which country does Smart manufacture its cars?

Smart

Initially, the range included roadster, fortwo, crossblade as well as forfour.


Question: In which country does Smart manufacture its cars?

Smart

In 2005, DaimlerChrysler decided to buy 50% of NedCar's shares so that its plant in Holland could be used to manufacture Forfour.


Question: In which country does Smart manufacture its cars?

Smart

A lot of common parts were used in the Smart Forfour with the Mitsubishi Colt.


Question: In which country does Smart manufacture its cars?

Smart

That same year, DaimlerChrysler also suspended development of the Formore and ceased manufacturing of the Roadster.


Question: In which country does Smart manufacture its cars?

Smart

In 2005, 355 Smarts were registered in Finland.


Question: In which country does Smart manufacture its cars?

Smart

In 2006, DaimlerChrysler announced that it had to stop manufacturing the Forfour as well and focus on its only remaining car, the Fortwoo.


Question: In which country does Smart manufacture its cars?

Smart

Rumours circulated that DaimlerChrysler was looking for a buyer for Smart and one of the companies that made the bid was Italian Piaggio.


Question: In which country does Smart manufacture its cars?

Smart

By then, the sign had failed to produce a profit for Daimler.


Question: In which country does Smart manufacture its cars?

Smart

In the summer of 2006, the company announced that exports of the Smart to the U.S. market would also begin in early 2008 and the cars would become available in the first quarter of the year.


Question: In which country does Smart manufacture its cars?

Smart

UnitedAuto Group Inc., the second largest retailer in the United States, will focus sales, especially on major cities on the East and West Coasts.


Question: In which country does Smart manufacture its cars?

Smart

Marketing in the United States began in mid-2007.


Question: In which country does Smart manufacture its cars?

Smart

Thus, the United States became the 37th country to which the sign is exported.


Question: In which country does Smart manufacture its cars?

Smart

Three different models of the W451, or third generation Smart Fortwo, are offered.


Question: In which country does Smart manufacture its cars?

Smart

Daimler AG announced the time was ripe for the now third generation Fortwo.


Question: In which country does Smart manufacture its cars?

Smart

The reason was drastically tipped fuel and the emission debate being in the limelight.


Question: In which country does Smart manufacture its cars?

Smart

In 2007, Daimler AG released the third generation Fortwo, which bears the model name W451.


Question: In which country does Smart manufacture its cars?

Smart

The last Forfour models were sold in the early part of the year from Daimler AG warehouses worldwide.


Question: In which country does Smart manufacture its cars?

Smart

Late in the year, Daimler AG reported that Smart manufacturing has turned profitable and that the development index is really good with the new body model.


Question: In which country does Smart manufacture its cars?

Smart

Pre-sales for the US market began late in the year via the internet.


Question: In which country does Smart manufacture its cars?

Smart

Only Coupé Pure, Coupé Passion and Cabrio Passion models are available.


Question: In which country does Smart manufacture its cars?

Smart

Car models Current models Smart Fortwo Smart Forfour Past models Smart Roadster Smart Crossblade Designed models Smart Formore Concept cars Smart Crosstown Smart ForSpeed On the topic elsewhere *


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Socialism is a paradigm that seeks to establish a social order based on joint ownership of the means of production, or a designation for such a system.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

[1] Socialism emerged in Europe during the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century as a backlash against the poor status of people doing factory work.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

[2] Because of the diversity of socialism, it is difficult to give it a broader unequivocal definition that even anyone calling themselves a socialist would agree on.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Historically, the most notable socialist doctrinal construct is that put forward by Karl Marx.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

It requires, in order to implement socialism, the transfer of the means of production into common ownership, as well as strong state or community control over the economy.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

However, current movements calling themselves socialist may no longer sign up to the goal of co-ownership.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Some newer socialist movements seek reconciliation between socialism and market economics.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

In any case, economic equality caused by division of property, or lack thereof, plays a central part in the socialist conception of fairness [3] [4].


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Community control over the economy can, in socialist doctrines, depending on the trend, be realized by central governmental regulation of the state (“real socialist” states), an economic system based on units at the local level (for example, anarchism and anarcho-syndicalism), or representative democracy through (social democracy, for example).


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

More on the meaning of the term In Marxist theory, socialism refers to a society that would replace capitalism, and would later evolve into communism when the need for a socialist structure would disappear.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Consequently, Marxism had an anarchism-like notion of a stateless state that would follow as society developed far enough.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Marx himself called socialism the first phase of communism, from which, as development progresses, a second phase, most commonly known as communism, follows.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

The transitional state between socialism and communism was called advanced socialism in the Soviet Union, where efforts were made to abandon the escapes typical of the socialism phase.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

In the 20th century, much of the world was dominated by parties that regarded Marxism-Leninism as their cause, referred to as communist.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

As the first world country to socialism proclaimed its transition in 1917 by Russia.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

The system that existed in the country was called socialist, communist or real socialism.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

This country itself considered itself socialist in terms of social development.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Arab socialists often wanted socialism to distinguish themselves from Marxism, but their many core political principles were the same as those of the “real socialist” countries and they were also allied with the Soviet Union after being subjected to natural resource nationalizations after conflicts with the colonial powers.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

The rivalry between Britain and the Soviet Union, then the U.S. and the Soviet Union in the Third World provided an opportunity for the governments of developing countries to obtain foreign aid from racing partners through an alliance.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

The genesis of the Soviet Union also greatly weakened the support and position of other types of socialist movements such as anarchists and syndicalists.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Most clearly, the difference between the different trends was evident in the Spanish Civil War on the side of the republicans, where they had to wage war even among themselves.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

On the republican side, the anarcho-syndicalists lost their battle to the Soviet-backed communists.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

History of Socialism Socialism before modern times The ideas of socialism can be traced back to the Enlightenment period and to the earliersthe ideals of a good future society.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Even in ancient societies, the accumulation of property in the hands of the few gave rise to criticism.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Aristotle tells the story of a man who demanded the distribution of land equally among citizens, as well as the taking of industry into state custody.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Some socialists also argue that early societies, such as the gatherer-hunters, were socialist or emphasize their connection to socialism because in them the primitive means of production were often jointly rather than privately owned.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Likewise, some anarchists emphasize in their thinking the model of such early societies, sometimes considered relatively hierarchical.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

In Plato's State, on the other hand, a society in which co-ownership prevails among the leading class.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Plato's society, however, was purposefully intended to contain large class differences.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Ancient Greek Sparta had in place an eccentric and envied social system by contemporaries, the so-called eunomy, which has been referred to as communist, in some cases fascist.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Joint ownership of property has also occurred in some religious movements.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Early Christianity has been said to have been close to anarcho-communism.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

However, in later Christianity, co-ownership has often been confined to monasteries.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Thomas Aquinese stated in the Middle Ages that private ownership is a consequence of original sin.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

In addition, Aquinese considered that private ownership is necessary because of the economic use of secular property.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Thomas More's 16th-century Utopia is also a socialist model of society, where people seek to create well-being and necessary warfare is outsourced through money to others.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Normally, however, co-ownership has been limited to monasteries (Buddhists, Essenes).


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Modern socialism In fact, socialism arose as a critique of social and economic inequalities brought on by the Industrial Revolution.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Socialism as a concept came into use in its modern sense in the 1830s to describe the writings of François-Marie-Charles Fourier, Saintsimonists and Robert Owen.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

According to Saint-Simon, advances in technology and industry would bring in the power of experts, which are not equal, because not everyone had the same opportunities at birth.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Owen wanted to abolish the right of inheritance to property and nobility values so that everyone would have the opportunity to rise in their position according to their abilities.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Owen believed new modes of production would turn in favor of humanity as a whole if competition were eliminated.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

The 1840s saw the emergence of numerous other socialist movements, especially in France.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Louis-Auguste Blanqui developed a radical form of socialism, which he called communism.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

He believed capitalism would eventually collapse and be replaced by cooperative activity.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Louis Blanc founded L'Organisation du travail' in 1839, which drove the establishment of national workshops with state-allocated capital and democratically elected leadership.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Pierre-Joseph Proudhon is known as the founder of the anarchist tradition.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

A Christian social movement emerged in England led by Frederick Denison Maurice and Charles Kingsley.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

In the revolutionary year of 1848, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels published the Communist Manifesto.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Known as an economic scientist, Marx referred to his own doctrine as “scientific socialism” as a distinction from earlier “utopia socialists.”


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

The scientificity of Marxism was emphasized in the spirit of the Enlightenment also because bourgeois and upper-class rivals were seen to appeal to sentiment and religion rather than reason.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Marx introduced the idea of class struggle.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

In 1864, the International Working Men's Association was founded in London, to be referred to as the First International.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Marxism soon became the dominant cause of the labour movement.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

In Germany, Ferdinand Lassalle, the architect of the labour movement, agreed with Marx on the need for the working class to organize, but advocated labour participation in state activities, something Marx could not accept.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

The question of so-called ministerial socialism arose, that is, how a revolutionary can participate in parliamentary activities and even end up as a minister who supports the social order.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Marx's followers founded the Social Democratic Labour Party.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

The Marxist and Lassalle socialists united in 1875.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Support for social democracy grew rapidly.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Marx's own ideas changed, still in the 1840s he considered only the revolution to lead to the liberation of the working class, but in the 1860s already suggested the possibility of a transition to socialism by peaceful means.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

In Denmark, the Social Democratic Party was founded in 1878, Austria 1888, Sweden 1889, Russia 1898 and Finland 1903 (the Finnish Labour Party had already been founded in 1899, but it changed its programme to socialist and its name to the Social Democratic Party of Finland in 1903 Forssan at the party convention).


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

In less industrialized countries, especially Italy and Spain, an anarchist trend became prevalent.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Anarchism was created as a political movement by Mikhail Bakunin.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

After a dispute with Marx, he was expelled from the International in 1872.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Bakunin warned that the “red dictatorship” would become even worse than that of the then rulers, and he felt that the state should be destroyed at once rather than capture its power.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

In Italy, the Socialist Party eventually became one of the most powerful Marxist movements.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

After Marx and Engels, German Karl Kautsky became the leading theorist of Marxism.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Eduard Bernstein challenged the Socialists to abandon the dreams of revolution and accept the goals already achieved.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

In addition to German socialism, Vladimir Ulyanov (Lenin) outlined his revolutionary party theory (Leninism) in 1902.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

The Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party disintegrated into Lenin's successors (Bolsheviks) and the Mensheviks of Juli Martov.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

The genesis of real socialism The ranks of socialists fell apart when World War I broke out.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Lenin called for renouncing the capitalists' imperialist war and turning the war into an anti-capitalist civil war.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

The German Social Democrats later became Spartacists, with the exception of organized opponents of war, the Communists, voted in 1914 for World War I.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

The German General Staff allowed Lenin to return by train via Germany to Sweden and Finland to undertake a revolution in Russia, resulting in the eventual withdrawal of Russia from World War I and the Brest-Litovsk peace treaty with Soviet Russia advantageous to Germany.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Other Socialist leaders supported their rule and the dream of revolution remained.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

The Bolsheviks led by Lenin and Lev Trotsky seized power in Russia on 7 November 1917, according to their revolutionary doctrine.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

By the summer of 1918, the Bolsheviks concentrated all power in their own hands and began to refer to themselves as “communists.”


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Working-class revolts flared up in numerous countries, where the autocratic upper class had prevented working people from participating in decision-making.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

In the United States and Britain, no such movement arose.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

The 1890s saw the emergence of so-called Christian Democracy, which applied not so much Marxist economic theory as a biblical requirement to help the poor.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

In his 1891 encyclical Rerum novarum, Pope Leo XIII condemned unrestricted competition that leaves workers unsafe at the mercy of inhumane employers.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Ensyklika denounced socialism's ideas of class struggle and revolution.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Although Christian democratic and socialist thought took off on a different basis ideologically, they pursued practically the same goals.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

(Matti Klinge: A common cause between socialists and Christian Democrats) Social democrats and communists With the emergence of the communist movement, socialism was definitively divided into two camps.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Elsewhere, there was widespread support for a reformist direction that placed an emphasis on continuous, gradual reform work.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

The ultimate goal of the Social Democrats was still to nationalize factors of production once they would achieve a parliamentary majority.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

The first social democratic government was established in Sweden in 1920.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Without an absolute majority, social democracy became a reform movement within capitalism.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

It was content to improve the living standards of its electorate through social security, pensions and labor protections.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

(In Finland, see: Forssa programme 1903).


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

With the emergence of the Soviet Union, other radical forms of socialism, such as anarchism and syndicalism, began to decline, although they still played a key role in some regions, such as 1930s Spain, for example.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

The Great Depression of the 1930s led to a global depression and mass unemployment.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

The Social Democrats in charge of Sweden started organising public works.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Thus, instead of unemployment benefits, wages were paid for work.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

The new policy allegedly led to such good results that it was theorized: Keynesian economics.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Socialist parties got a reason to be in government in the capitalist system as well.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

The economies of liberal democracies acquired traits of socialism to a progressive degree and became mixed economies as the democratic welfare state developed (in the U.S., President Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal 1933).


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Although radical forms of socialism outside Marxism-Leninism were marginalised in political support after World War II, many intellectuals who were left-leaning but opposed to Marxism, such as Albert Einstein, Erich Fromm and Bertrand Russell advocated democratic socialism after World War II.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

They said the capitalist economic system was detrimental to prosperity, world peace and democracy.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

The Social Democrats forgot their revolution goals, participated in governments with the right and abandoned Marxist rhetoric.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

(In Germany Frankfurt Declaration 1951).


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Countries ruled by communist parties saw a transition to a nationalised state-run economy and drifted into a totalitarian or dictatorial society.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

The collapse of real socialism Real socialism was still feared in the West in the 1960s to be able to overtake Western countries in economic development.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

During the 1970s it began to be seen that real socialism was unable to compete economically with the West: technical and economic development lagged behind, and shortages of both consumer and investment goods became chronic.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

This has often been seen as an indication of weakness in the state-run planned economy.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

On the other hand, even the best-performing real socialists also made clear large-scale errors in the management of the economy.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

In the Soviet Union, for example, the equipment budget was tremendously large, and the problem got worse with the war in Afghanistan.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Likewise, perhaps the best-performing real socialist economy, East Germany, greatly restricted its foreign trade with Western nations, mainly for political reasons.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Hungarian economist János Kornai has argued that the economic problems were not caused by individual design flaws, but by systematic characteristics of the planned economy.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Socialism nowadays At the latest with real socialism finally collapsing as it entered the 1990s, socialism (in the strong sense of the word) was viewed by many as having been beaten and capitalism triumphed.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

However, a number of existing states continue to declare themselves socialist.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

State socialist countries ruled by the communist one-party system include China, North Korea and Cuba and, to some extent, Vietnam and Laos.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Located in North Africa, Libya represents “Islamic socialism.”


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

All of these countries have seen a shift towards a market economy in the economic system, although in the early 2000s a rapidly growing China is still regarded as a “hybrid economy” since the state enterprises contributed more than 50% of production, and China has not been officially recognised by other countries as a market economy.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Venezuela is moving towards democratic socialism, according to its president, Hugo Chávez.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

In sub-Saharan Africa, many countries were socialist for a long time, but in recent decades many of them have at least partially abandoned it.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

A similar fate has been experienced by very widespread Arab socialism, whose model countries were considered to be the socialist Ba'ath Party-dominated (Saddam Hussein's) Iraq and Syria.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Socialism as a word lives on in the name of several moderate parties leading current political life, and many supporters of such parties claim socialism actually means social democracy.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Many parties and leaders who name themselves socialists (and especially social democrats) are in power, especially in Europe, but do not actively seek to transfer their countries to a socialist system.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Welfare states, too, are often seen as socialist, in the rhetoric of their opponents and supporters alike.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Paavo Lipponen has said that social democratic socialism has been implemented in today's Finland.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

[5] Socialism also lives on in the ideas of various radical political movements.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Often, current Marxist socialist movements strongly criticize the “real socialist” states of the 20th century for their lack of democracy, for example.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Likewise, there is still a tradition of socialism associated with “libertarian-socialist” anarchism and its related causes, which has also taken on new forms such as eco-anarchism, although such movements do not often emphasize that they are precisely socialist, even though their the aim is to abolish large scale private ownership.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

The division between the radical socialists is therefore still characterised by the division between the state socialists, as well as movements for socialism based on smaller units, such as anarchism.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

In left-wing discourse in the US, radical libertarian-socialists such as Noam Chomsky and his friend Michael Albert have a very prominent presence and their texts are widely read around the world.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Albert has also developed an economic system called inclusion economics, which can be cited as an example of a modern outline of socialism.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Modern socialist movements take a different view of the problems of real socialist countries.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Most socialists today see democracy as essential for socialism to work.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Many say a workable planned economy would have required a democratic and open society.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

In real socialist countries, for example, there was no attempt to construct the necessary disclosure mechanisms between consumers and producers to replace the price mechanism, which many of the current proponents of the planned economy believe are essential for that economic model to work.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Those who cultivate development criticism, such as though eco-anarchists, on the other hand, tend to see real socialism as one key flaw that it generally sought to pursue the standard of living in Western countries.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Many argue that a socialist economy can work well if the requirement for material living standards is lowered.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Main directions of socialism The main trends of socialism have included: social democracy, striving for socialism through gradual, legal, internal reforms of capitalism communism, revolutionary Marxism, striving for socialism through revolutions left-wing socialism which combines social democracy and communism with Arab socialism, which often wanted to differentiate itself from Marxism and Marxism-Leninism as its own secular cause forms of anarchism such as anarcho-communism or anarcho-syndicalism, which seek to implement socialism without power hierarchies Christian socialism, a rejecting form of socialism in Marxist atheism that relies on Christian values, the theology of liberation popular in Latin America represents Christian socialism, cf.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Islamic socialism Variations of socialism: (Heikki Paloheimo, introduction to political research, University of Tampere, autumn 2006) Communism in socialist countries Communism in Western Europe Social democracy Neo-left Third Way Politics According to one view According to some critics of socialism, National Socialism, or Nazism, also roots its doctrine from theories of socialism and would thus be one of the forms of socialism.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Other socialists have systematically denied the existence of any kind of fraternity.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Similarly, Hitler himself, claimed that other socialists had stolen the concept of the tradition he represented, and persecuted leftist socialists.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

According to Paloheimo, the core values and yardsticks of socialism are: Community cooperation equality satisfaction of needs co-ownership The main directions of socialism Variations of socialism: [6] Real socialism (communism in socialist countries) Eurocommunism (communism in Western Europe) Social democracy Neo-left Third way politics The core values and norms of socialism: [6] Community cooperation equality meeting the needs of co-ownership See also Capitalism Karl Marx Democracy Sources References On topic elsewhere.


Question: Where does the word socialist come from?

Socialism

Check date values in: |date= (help) * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What ended the Russian Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The Finnish Civil War was fought between the Senate of Finland, or the government, and troops led by the Finnish People's Delegation that had rebelled against it from 27 January — 15 May 1918.


Question: What ended the Russian Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The armed forces of the Senate were white troops and the Finnish Red Guard, or Red Guards, as the People's Delegation.


Question: What ended the Russian Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The army of the German Empire supported the Whites by capturing Helsinki, Lahti and other southern Finnish cities.


Question: What ended the Russian Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

Soviet-Russia supported the Reds by donating weapons to them.


Question: What ended the Russian Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The Civil War was part of the state and social transformation in Europe caused by World War I.


Question: What ended the Russian Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

In 1917, World War I led to the dissolution of the Russian Empire and a political struggle for power, and eventually to the Russian Civil War.


Question: What ended the Russian Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

As a result of the collapse of Russia, a part of the Empire, the Grand Duchy of Finland, declared independence as Finland on 6 December 1917, but the intensification and dissolution of internal tensions within Finnish society led to the dissolution of state power within 1917 and a military crisis which resulted in the formation of two centres of power equipped with armed forces in the country.


Question: What ended the Russian Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

[1] The crisis culminated at the end of January in 1918 with a civil war between the Reds and Whites.


Question: What ended the Russian Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The Reds ruled Southern Finland, the Whites controlled Central and Northern Finland.


Question: What ended the Russian Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The military strength of both sides was about 80,000 troops.


Question: What ended the Russian Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The Whites arrived to be supported by an additional 13,000 soldiers strong force of the German army.


Question: What ended the Russian Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

Russia supported the Reds mainly by handing over weapons to the Red Guards.


Question: What ended the Russian Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The settlement battles of the war took place in March—April 1918.


Question: What ended the Russian Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The Battle of Tampere began on 16 March and ended on 6 April C.


Question: What ended the Russian Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

To the victory of the white forces led by G. Mannerheim.


Question: What ended the Russian Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

On 3 April, the German Army's Baltic Division under Major General Rüdiger von der Goltz had come ashore in southern Finland with a strength of about 13,000 troops, taking Helsinki, Lahti and other southern Finnish cities during the same month.


Question: What ended the Russian Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

At the end of April, the Whites still took Vyborg.


Question: What ended the Russian Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The Reds offensive phase, which began in February 1918, ended in almost total failure [2].


Question: What ended the Russian Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

Germany's entry into the Finnish Civil War shortened the war and saved, among other things, Helsinki from devastating battles.


Question: What ended the Russian Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

[3] The civil war ended with the victory of the white Finnish and German army.


Question: What ended the Russian Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

Russia's reign ended in Finland, but the country passed into the reign of Imperial Germany for the remainder of World War I.


Question: What ended the Russian Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

After Germany lost the Great War, the independence gained by the Finns in December 1917 took full effect.


Question: What ended the Russian Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

In this case, projects to transform Finland into a Kingdom were also abandoned; the country became a republican democracy with the contribution of the Western Great Powers of Europe.


Question: What ended the Russian Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

[4] The civil war is the most conflicting event in Finnish history, whose effects on Finnish and Finnish society have been exceptionally long lasting.


Question: What ended the Russian Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

As is often the case with infighting within nations, there was widespread terror during and after the war.


Question: What ended the Russian Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

While the war effort was underway, both sides committed political terror and brutality.


Question: What ended the Russian Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

As the war wore on at the hands of the Reds, 1424 whites died executed, 4 died in a prison camp.


Question: What ended the Russian Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

At the hands of the Whites, 7370 Reds died executed, 11652 died in a prison camp, most after the war effort had already ended, as the capture and execution of Red or Red suspects continued on a large scale even after the last combatants surrendered.


Question: What ended the Russian Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

[5] In total, the civil war claimed about 38,000 casualties.


Question: What ended the Russian Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

[6] Some 75% of them were Reds, most killed in executions during the war and after the end of the war in prison camps from starvation and disease.


Question: What ended the Russian Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

In the actual combat action, nearly equal numbers of both red and white died.


Question: What ended the Russian Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

Of the terror victims, a minority were white, and Russian citizens were also executed.


Question: What ended the Russian Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The other casualties of the war were mainly German and Russian soldiers fallen in the fighting.


Question: What ended the Russian Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

[7] The civil war deepened the divide of the Finnish people.


Question: What ended the Russian Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The winning party considered the worst material in society to have risen, with Russian support, to revolt against the legitimate government, so those who lost were largely viewed as criminals.


Question: What ended the Russian Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

However, the outcome of World War I strengthened the position of moderate and broad-based national thought oriented populations in society.


Question: What ended the Russian Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

This allowed for slow defragmentation among populations.


Question: What ended the Russian Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

[8] War designations The war has been given a variety of names reflecting the power political and social tendencies of different historical times as well as ideological emphases.


Question: What ended the Russian Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The most coloured names in this regard include the Revolutionary War, the Class War, the Red Rebellion, and the Crofter Revolt.


Question: What ended the Russian Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

More balanced names include Civil War, Revolution, Rebellion, and Brotherly War.


Question: What ended the Russian Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The most neutral expressions are the War of 1918 (in Finland), the Finnish War 1918, the events of 1918 or, to paraphrase Veijo Merta, the events of spring 1918.


Question: What ended the Russian Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The Revolution was one of the first appointments of the 1918 war on the side of the People's Delegation.


Question: What ended the Russian Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The Red Party also called the war a class war and a rebellion.


Question: What ended the Russian Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

In addition, the freedom fight name was used, for example, in obituaries and funerals of Red Guards.