Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Debt accounted for the largest share of GDP in Europe, at 174%.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[25] Between 2015 and 2016, faith in the recovery of the Greek economy began to grow.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Standard and Poor's says Greece's economy has proved more resilient than estimated.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Greece is no longer believed to be failing to pay its debt.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[40] Services and Tourism From the services sector, the largest companies in Greece include banks in particular.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

The largest of them are the Bank of Greece, Ethnikí Trápeza (National Bank of Greece), Alpha Bank, Eurobank Ergasias and Trápeza Peiraiós (Bank of Piraeus).


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[41] Other major companies include Aegean Airlines, betting company OPAP and telecommunications company OTE.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[42] Greece is a well-known maritime nation and its merchant fleet, with 860 ships, is the 12th in the world.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Maximum.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[2] [43] Tourism is today a considerable source of income for Greece.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

In 2015, it accounted for about 18% of GDP.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[2] Tourism has grown strongly.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

In 1988, about 8 million tourists visited the country, [5] in 1995 about 10 million tourists and in 2014 some 22 million tourists.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[44] Greece and the Greek archipelago are one of the world's most popular travel destinations.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Industry and energy production Greece's main industrial products include petrochemical products, chemicals, metal products, mining products, textiles, food and beverages, and tobacco.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[2] These typically have quite low breeding rates.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[37] Industrial development is hampered by lack of raw materials and energy.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Greece's electricity generation and consumption was around 57.6 billion kWh in 2012.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

70.4% of energy needs were covered by fossil fuels, the majority by oil, natural gas and lignite.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Renewables accounted for about 26.5%.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Electricity is produced, among other mass, by hydroelectric dams on numerous reservoirs, as well as solar panels.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Hydropower accounted for about 11.4% of total generation and other renewable energy sources accounted for 15.1%.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Greece does not use nuclear power.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[2] The largest industrial companies are the oil companies Motor Oil Hellas and Hellenic Petroleum, the state electricity company Dimósia Epicheírisi Ilektrismoú (DEI), and the beverage manufacturer Coca-Cola HBC.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[41] [43] Agricultural Greece remains an agricultural country in many respects, despite the mountainous nature of the country, the drought of summers and the intensity of erosion.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

As agricultural products, Greece produces cereals, fruits, vegetables, dairy products and, for industry, tobacco, cotton, sugar beets and grapes.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Agriculture's main export products include olive oil, olives and wine.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Greece is the world's third-largest producer of olive oil.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

The processing of agricultural products is counted in industry statistics, and food processing is one of the most prominent industries in the country.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Most of Greece is meadow and rugged mountain pasture suitable only for holding sheep and goats.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

The farmland is positioned in lowlands, hills, and the lower slopes of the mountains.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Because of the limited resources invested in artificial irrigation, farmlands have often been placed in areas where rainfall is more abundant compared to the rest of the country.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Not only are olives an important export product, but there is also a significant domestic demand for olive oil.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[45] Forestry in Greece is very limited.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Tobacco is also grown in Greece, although it is hardly a source for foreign exports.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Transport in Greece is 45 larger airports, of which 15 are international airports, 26 are national airports and four are municipal airports.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[46] The busiest airports are Athens International Airport, Iraklion International Airport and Thessaloniki International Airport.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

The Athens field was used by about 20 million passengers in 2016.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[47] In particular, there are many tourist flights from abroad to the international airports of the archipelago.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

The busiest in charter flights is Iraklion Airport with about 4 million annual passengers.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[48] The largest airline in Greece is Aegean Airlines.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

There is a total of of road in Greece, of which there is paved road and of motorway.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[2] The most significant highways are the A1 from Athens to northern Greece and the border with the Republic of Macedonia, and the A2 running from the west coast to the Turkish border in northern Greece, or the Egnatía Highway.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Long-distance bus services are operated by KTEL, a consortium of local bus operators.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

There are railways in the country, of which there are standard gauge and electrified track.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[2] Rail transport is operated by the state railway company Organismós Sidirodrómon Elládos (OSE).


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

The Athens Metro serves as the body of public transport in the Athens Metropolitan Area.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Greece is a major maritime country.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

The main port cities are Piraeus, Thessaloniki, Patras and Asprópyrgos.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Ágioi Theódoroi has a major oil port.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[2] The inter-island ferry service is operated by numerous small ferry companies.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

At the end of the mainland, ferries to the Cyclades, Dodecanesia, Crete and the northern Aegean islands usually depart from Piraeus, while Patras has connections to Italy and the Ionian Islands.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Notable ferry companies include Anek Lines, Blue Star Ferries, Hellenic Seaways and Minoan Lines.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[49] The six kilometre-long Corinthian Canal shortens the sea distance between the east and west coasts of the country by 325 km compared to circling around the Peloponnese, [2] although it is only suitable for relatively small vessels.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Population In July 2016 it was estimated that Greece has a population of.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[2] In the previous official census in 2011, the population was.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[3] The birth rate is low, even if the country's culture is a child darling.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[29] Annual population growth in 2016 was around — 0.03%.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[2] The population density is 81 inhabitants per km².


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

78% of the population live in the cities.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[2] Greece is a very homogeneous state and the majority of its inhabitants consider themselves ethnic Greeks.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

According to official figures, only 1% of residents speak non-Greek as their native language.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[2] However, small numbers of Turks, Slavs, Albanians, Pomaks, Roma and Wallacs exist in the country.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

However, ethnicity is not statistized.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Among those living in Greece are Greek citizens and citizens of other countries.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[2] Most of the country's minorities live in the northern Greek region near the borders of neighboring countries.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

While the majority of Albanians stay in the country's largest cities illegally (estimated number about 300,000), northern Greece is also home to native Albanian speaking communities who are Orthodox and Greek citizens.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Major Greek cities in particular also have large numbers of undocumented immigrants from countries such as the Middle East and Africa.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Access to Greek citizenship at birth requires at least the citizenship of one parent.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Just being born in Greece is not enough to get citizenship.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

An immigrant must reside in the country for at least ten years before being eligible to apply for citizenship.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Greece accepts dual citizenship.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[2] 98% of the Greek population is baptized into the Orthodox Church.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Most of Greece is the territory of the Greek Orthodox Church.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

A separate Church of Crete operates in Crete, while the Northern Aegean Islands and the Dodecanese are directly under the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Greece also has a Muslim minority of about 1.3%, [2] consisting mostly of Turks.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

In addition, there are small Catholic and Jewish communities in the country.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Public health The life expectancy of both Greek women and men in particular is well above the European average.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

The average lifespan of the population in 2016 was 80.5 years, 83.3 for females and 77.9 years for males.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

The average age of the population is 44.2 years, 45.3 for females and 43.1 years for males.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

The birth rate is 8.5 per 1,000 persons per year and 1.42 children per woman.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

The average age of first-born births is 31.2 years.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[2] The mortality rate is 11.2 per 1,000 inhabitants per year.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[2] The most common causes of death in 2002 were cerebral and myocardial infarctions.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[50] The Mediterranean diet, including nuts and olive oil combined with abundant eating of fish and vegetables, has been identified as healthy as a whole, but it has not been possible to demonstrate a single disease-fighting component.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[51] With urbanisation, eating habits have changed, and being overweight is a growing problem.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[52] Infant mortality is 4.6 per 1,000 births.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

In 2016, there were an estimated 16,200 HIV/AIDS patients in the country.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[2] Greek healthcare expenditure was 8.1% of GDP in 2016.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[2] Education Approximately 68% of 25-64 year olds have completed upper secondary education, which is below the OECD average (76%).


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[28] The literate rate was 97.7% of the population over 15 years of age, 96.9% of females and 98.5% of males.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

In 2016, Greece's education expenditure was 4.1% of GDP.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[2] 22 universities and colleges operate in Greece.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

The oldest of them is the University of Athens, founded in 1837, which was also the first university in the Balkans and the Eastern Mediterranean.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[53] The largest is the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki with over 95000 students.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[54] Culture Greek culture has evolved over thousands of years, originating as far back as the Bronze Age and the Archaic period of ancient Greece.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Later it greatly influenced the culture of the Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman Empires.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Culture of Ancient Greece with Ancient Greek culture (700BC.— 400 d.)


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

has had a great influence in European history.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Ancient Greece is often referred to as the cradle of Western civilization.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Greece has developed themes such as democracy, philosophy, performing sculpture, Western literature and theatre, and historiography.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

For a long time, epic poetry was dominant in literature, represented by, among others, Homer, regarded as the author of Ilias and the Odyssey.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Later, lyrical poetry and ancient Greek theater developed.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

The big names in Greek tragedy are Aiskhylos, Sophocles and Euripides, in comedy's turn Aristofanes and Menandros.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

The religion of Ancient Greece was polygods.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

It involves extensive Greek mythology, which was often the subject of literature and sculpture and has influenced much later art.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

As instruments, the kithara and aulos were the most common and prestigious.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Building art was at a high level already in prehistoric times, such as the huge castle and palace ruins of Knossos, Mykene and Tiryns from the second millennium BCE.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

show.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Ancient Greek architecture is particularly known for large, often Doorian temples, such as the Parthenon and the Olympian Temple of Zeus.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Byzantine culture Byzantine culture (ca.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

400—1453) denotes the medieval culture that flourished in the Byzantine Empire, or Eastern Rome.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

In it, Hellenistic and Oriental ingredients were aligned with Christianity that emerged as the power religion.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

The greatest monuments of building art of that time, such as the Hagia Sophia, are outside the contemporary borders of Greece, but Byzantine churches and monasteries with murals and mosaics have also survived on Greek territory.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Byzantine cultural heritage continues to live first and foremost in the liturgical life of the Orthodox Church and in the country's numerous monasteries.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Newer Greek culture Greece is a very conservative country and traditions are strongly respected and maintained.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Although a large proportion of Greeks live in large cities, many have roots and close links to “authentic Greece” in the small villages of the countryside and archipelago.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

It is sometimes said that Greek traditional life spending involves “watching the world go about its spending,” and the country is changing slowly on many issues.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[55] Culture is family-oriented.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

The church's position remains strong, with the question “are you Orthodox?” is almost synonymous with the question “are you Greek?” with.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[29] Greece is known for its folk dances and music, as well as traditional national costumes, among other things.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Greek cuisine is typically Mediterranean for geographical and historical reasons.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

It traditionally uses raw materials from the region: fresh herbs, olive oil, tomatoes and lemons, and fish.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

The Greek salad, horiatiki, contains feta in addition to vegetables.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

For men, the central place of socialization is a commuter café (kafeneío), and especially for women a church.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[29] The largest feast in Greece is every spring Easter (Páscha), which is scheduled according to the Orthodox calendar.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

The Great Week (Megáli Evdomáda) culminates in the liturgy of Easter Night, when Christós anésti is greeted!


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

(“Christ rose from the dead!”).


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

The second major religious holiday in Greece is the day of the Fatal Sleep of the Virgin Mary (Koímisis tis Theotókou) on 15 August.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Both celebrations include a meeting of relatives.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

The Greek National Day is 25 March and commemorates the uprising that started the Greek War of Independence in 1821.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

The same day is also the day of the Annunciation of Mary (Evangelismós).


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[56] Other notable religious celebrations include Carnival Sunday of Shrove (Apokriés) and Pure Monday of the beginning of Lent (Katharí Deftéra), Day of the Assumption of Christ (Análipsi), Pentecost (Pentikostí), Birthday of the Virgin Mary (Génnisis tis Theotókou) September 8, Christmas ( Christoúgenna) on 25 December, as well as the Feast of the Birth of God (Sýnaxis tis Theotókou) on 26 December.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Christmas gifts are given in the New Year and are brought by Santa Claus, or St. Nicholas, instead of Saint Basileios (Ágios Vasíleios), who is celebrated just on 1 January.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

The days dedicated to the saints of the church are celebrated by churches, monasteries and localities dedicated specifically to these.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

These are large village parties (panigýri), which include open-air dinners as well as folk songs and dances.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

These days are at the same time the name days of the people named after the saints in question, which are celebrated more than birthdays.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Notable such days are, due to the generality of the names, not only the Day of the Annunciation of Mary, when the names María, Déspoina, Panagióta and Panagiótis are celebrated, but also, among others, April 23 (Geórgios), May 21 (Konstantínos and Eléni), June 30 (Ágioi Apóstoloi, that is, all the apostles), 26. October (Dimítrios), 8 November (Michaíl and Gavriíl) and 6 December (Nikólaos).


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[56] A notable Pan-Greek place of celebration and pilgrimage in connection with the Maria celebrations on 25 March and 15 August is the Panagía Evangelístria Church in Tínos.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Other notable pilgrimage sites in Greece include the monastery of John the Theologian in Pátmos, as well as Mount Athos.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

However, Athos is only accessible to men.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

On May Day, or 1 May (Protomagiá), spring and laborers are celebrated.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

On October 28, Patriotic Óchi Day is celebrated.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[56] Of the Greek writers, two have received the Nobel Prize in Literature: Giórgos Seféris in 1963 and Odysséas Elýtis in 1979.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[57] Film director Michális Kakogiánnis has been nominated for an Oscar five times.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

His best-known work is Tell Me, Zorbas from 1964.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[58] In the Eurovision Song Contest, Greek Élena Paparízou won in 2005.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[59] World Heritage Sites in Greece has 18 sites on the UNESCO World Heritage List, all of which represent the prehistoric period, antiquity or the Middle Ages: [60] Acropolis, Athens Castle Mountain Temple of Apollo Epicurios in Bassai Shrine of Asklepios In Epidauros Mount Athos with its monasteries the village of Chóra, the monastery of John the Theologian and the Cave of the Annunciation on the island of Pátmos Dafní, Ósios Loukás and Chíos Nea Moní monasteries Delphi Archaeological Site Delos, the mythical birthplace of the god Apollon Corfu Old City Meteora Monasteries on almost inaccessible cliffs Archaeological sites of Mykene and Tiryns Ruins of Mystras (Mistra) with fortresses, palaces, churches and monasteries Olympia archaeological site Pythagoreion and Heraion Sámos of Rhodes Medieval City of Thessaloniki Early Christian and Byzantine Monuments Vergina Archaeological Site Media The most used news media in Greece is television.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

In 2009, it was the main news channel for 78% of Greeks.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Television used to be a state monopoly, but since the late 1980s commercial stations have taken the largest market share.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

There are about 150 private television channels in the country, a dozen of which operate nationwide.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Radio regulation is minimal, and there are about 1500 radio stations.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Greece's public broadcaster is Ellinikí Radiofonía Tileórasi (ERT), which has several television and radio channels.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Other notable broadcasters and channels include Alpha TV, ANT1, Mega Channel, Skaï and Star Channel.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

A large number of newspapers, both nationwide and local, appear in Greece.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Major newspapers that appear daily include Eleftherotypía, I Kathimeriní and Ta Néa.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Internet users made up about 67% of the population in 2015.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[2] [61] Sports Greece was the home country of the Olympian Games, or “ancient Olympic Games”, and therefore the natural choice to host the first modern Olympic Games, the 1896 Summer Olympics.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

The country also hosted the 1906 Intermediate Games as well as the 2004 Summer Olympics.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Greece has participated in every Summer Olympics and most Winter Olympics, starting in 1936.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[62] The most popular team sport in Greece is football.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

The country championship has been played since 1927.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

The main league of football is the Greek Superleague and the second highest league level Football League.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

The most successful teams are Athenian Panathinaikos FC and Piraeus-based Olympiakos FC.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

The Greece national football team qualified for the final tournament of the Football World Cup in 1994, 2010 and 2014.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

The final tournament of the European Football Championship was won by Greece in 2004.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

In April 2013, it was ranked 12th in the FIFA rankings.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[63] Greece hosts the Acropolis Rally, part of the World Rally Championship series, which is over 50 years old and, due to its circumstances, one of the toughest car races in the world.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

[64] Sources On the topic elsewhere — the official tourism website of the Greek state Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What is the name of the Greek national anthem?

Greece

(in Greek) — information on Greek tourism * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

China's history goes back thousands of years and has fundamentally influenced the development of the culture of humanity as a whole.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[1] Chinese culture is mostly self-born and the Chinese give great importance to the history of their country.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[2] An unequivocal answer to what is China's beginning is difficult to give.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Significantly earlier than the Chinese state is the Chinese cultural circle.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Its early days can be traced back thousands of years, when a unified dynastic empire began to form from the tribal states.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Before the beginning of the Imperial period, the history of Chinese culture is largely the history of these several tribes.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The concept of a unified China arose after the Qin dynasty unified roughly the entire present territory of China under its rule in the 200th century BCE.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[3] Earth's history is often divided into different time periods.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

In terms of socio-economic formations, China's history can be divided into three main periods, for example.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Early period until the formation of a unified empire 221 BCE.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

until, the early emperor period until the end of the Tang Dynasty, and the later emperor period from the Song Dynasty onwards.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The latest period includes the remainder of the emperor's rule and the times of the Republic and the People's Republic.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[2] There are several modes of division, but it is often clearest to divide a country's history chronologically by dynasty eras, as well as those of the New Age Republic of China and the still-continuous People's Republic of China.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[3] Early Period Prehistory Early humans inhabited some evidence suggests that during the Pleistocene period older than the area of present-day China, about two million years ago, but evidence for this is incomplete.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[4] Certain information has been obtained from the Middle Pleistocene period, approximately half a million years ago.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

From this period, a fossil of a Peking human belonging to the Homo erectus group has been found in a cave near Beijing.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Peking man knew how to use fire and was capable of making simple stone tools.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[4] [5] [6] Modern humans spread to China no later than the younger Pleistocene period, about 80,000 years ago, but modern humans may have lived in the region even before this.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[4] The Neolithic period began in China probably around 9000 years ago, when humans were no longer merely hunter-gatherers.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Humans began to cultivate plants and domesticate animals gradually over a long period of time.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Farming and cattle husbandry, according to the conception of the moment, have developed independently on the territory of China, regardless of the development of West Asia.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Already in the Neolithic period, a Chinese cultural entity began to develop.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[7] At least three distinct cultural regions were affected in the Neolithic period, with centers located in northern China in the middle stages of the Yellow River and the Wei River Valley, the lower reaches of the Yangtze Valley and its surrounding coasts, and the coast of southeast China.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[7] The most notable cultures of the Neolithic period were the Longshan culture located along the Yangtze and the northern Yangshao culture.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[7] [5] [6] The earliest evidence of rice cultivation is from the northern part of the country, the region of the Longshan culture on the coast of East China.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

People kept pigs and dogs as their domestic animals, and water buffalo was also likely domesticated.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[7] In the area of the Yangshao culture, which was located in the central part of northern China, notable crops were cob millet and grain millet, which were well suited to the climate of the region before the time of artificial irrigation.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[7] During the Yangshao culture, crop farming was also practiced.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Silk butterfly larvae and hemp were also grown.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

A notable archaeological site of the Yangshao culture is the Stone Age village of Banpo near the present city of Xi'an.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[5] To the beginning of the Bronze Age, around the year 2000 BCE.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

upon entering the social structure, class differences had appeared.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The settlements were enlarged and the villages were surrounded by walls.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

In addition to stone, bone, and clay pots, metal manufacturing was already known.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

There are literary sources from that era onwards, but many of them are clearly fable.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[8] Mythological characters include divine ruler Yellow Emperor and farming developer Shen Nong.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[8] [6] First Dynasties According to lore, the first dynasty of China was around 2100 BCE.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

started Xia Dynasty.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

However, no verifiable written sources have been found for its time.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[9] No written documents from Xia or the subsequent Shang dynasty have survived.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The earliest texts about these dynasties were not written until the first century BCE.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

in the beginning, that is, many hundreds of years after the Xia and Shang periods.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[8] In the absence of evidence, there was long doubt as to whether dynasties had even existed in reality.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[10] In traditional Chinese histories, the existence of the Xia dynasty has never been suspected, but one of the possible capitals of the Xia period was discovered in the 1950s during archaeological excavations in Henan Province, a Bronze Age residential area of Erlitou.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[11] Subsequent findings have revealed remnants of the Xia civilization in places mentioned in ancient Chinese texts.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[12] Remains of the Shang dynasty that followed the Xia dynasty were found in Henan Province, near Anyang city in 1899, when fragments of bone were revealed beneath layers of soil taken by the flood when the Yuan River flooded.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[10] [13] The characters were interpreted in the 1920s as writings from the time of the Shang Dynasty.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

In later excavations, more bones with plotwriting have been found.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[10] [13] Radiocarbon dating has allowed to date the earliest inscriptions to around 1500 BCE.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[14] According to tradition, the first king of the Shang dynasty overthrew the Xia dynasty around 1750 BCE.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Based on sketch inscriptions and other archaeological discoveries, some understanding of China during the Shang Dynasty has been reached.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The rulers of the dynasty had a region covering roughly the Yellow River plain and the eastern Wei River plain.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The territory ruled by the dynasty is likely to have fluctuated over time, but its sphere of influence has certainly extended further.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[10] A notable feature of the Shang period has been the development of bronze casting skills.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[10] [13] [15] Kings of the Shang period were god-kings with connections to higher powers.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[10] [16] [17] Drawing marks on bone inscriptions from the Shang Dynasty era are the first Chinese writing characters.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[18] Zhou Dynasty Western Zhou Shang Dynasty dominance rose to be threatened by the Zhou tribe located in the western borderlands of the kingdom.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[19] The central seat of Zhou power was located in the valley of the Wei River, in the area of present-day Shaanxi, near Xi'an.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[20] [19] [21] The Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties partially overlapped, but their centers of power were located in different parts of the Yellow River valley.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

They were theocratic Bronze Age states where the king gained his power from his religious significance.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[9] In the early days of the rule of the Zhou dynasty, a feudal system began to develop in which lands were fiefed between members of one's own clan and allied clans.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The area under their own direct control of the Zhou princes encompassed parts of the territories of present-day Shaanxi and Henan.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[19] [22] Thus, the Zhou king's power effectively consisted of a capital under his direct control, as well as several vassal states paying tax to the Zhou king.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The power of the Zhou king was based on the fact that he was in a divine position recognized by the fiefdoms as supreme lord.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[19] [22] The purpose of the system was to strengthen the power of the Zhou ruler, but later kings were no longer able to distribute new fiefdoms to their vassals, resulting in vassals beginning to identify with their own territory and no longer loyal to the Zhou regime.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[18] A number of independent small states emerged from the fiefdoms over time, fighting for power among themselves.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[23] [24] The vassals of the Zhou dynasty became increasingly dissatisfied and the king found it increasingly difficult to maintain his power.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The kingdom was also threatened by bow-equipped horse nomads roaming the steppes of Central Asia, who formed a fast-movement fighting force and caused considerable unrest in Central Asia in the 8th century BCE.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[24] During the reign of King Youu in 781—771 BCE.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

the king's prestige was already so weak that no vassals came to their aid when barbarian tribes attacked Zhou's power center from the west and massacred King Youu.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[24] [22] Eastern Zhou King You's successor King Ping moved the nation's capital to the eastern center of power, near present-day Luoyang.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[22] [25] The latter period of the Zhou Dynasty period is therefore referred to as Eastern Zhou.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[26] [25] During the Eastern Zhou dynasty, the Zhou king no longer had much power, but the dynasty survived for another five hundred years.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[26] [25] The religious position of the Zhou king was so strong that their symbolic status remained.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[19] A characteristic feature of the Eastern Zhou era was the infighting of fiefdom rulers fighting with each other.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[25] The Eastern Zhou era is normally divided into two parts, the first of which is called the Spring-Autumn period (770—464 BCE.)


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

and for the period of states fighting the latter (463—222 BCE).


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[26] [21] [27] At the beginning of the Eastern Zhou era, the present territory of China had been divided into about 100 states of varying sizes, which only nominally recognized the overdomination of the Zhou dynasty.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[25] [27] Among the fiefdom states of the Zhou dynasty, there were about a dozen larger states that competed with each other and gradually merged the smaller states into themselves.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[26] The most powerful of these were Qi, located in the Shandong region to the east, and Jin and Qin, inland, as well as Chu in the Yangtze Valley and Yan to the north.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[25] [26] The entire Eastern Zhou era was very troubled as the states waged war with each other.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

However, for long periods of time there was no major change in power relations as the states entered into different alliances among themselves.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[28] [29] Change did not occur until 453 BCE, when the Jin state disintegrated and the three new kingdoms of Zhao, Wei and Han emerged.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[27] In the closing stages of the Struggling State period, the Seven Kingdoms of Qin, Qi, Yan, Chu, Zhao, Wei, and Han, sought to elevate themselves to the dominions of China.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[27] As the era progressed, even the formal veneration of the Zhou kings had already disappeared.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[30] The era of the fighting states was characterized by ruthless infighting, but the era saw great developments in agricultural productivity and ironmaking skills.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Part of the reason for the development was the arms race between states as increasingly powerful weapons were being made from iron and steel.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Agricultural production increased as irrigation systems were developed and canals were dug, as well as the construction of large dams to move river beds.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

States also protected themselves against each other by heavy defensive walls.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[30] [27] Despite constant wars, the era was the birth time of Chinese culture and has also been called the Hundred Schools Period.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The classical literature and literary language of China and the endemic major doctrinal directions of Confucianism and Taoism originated.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[31] Notable philosophers included Confucius and Laozi, a developer of Taoism.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[32] [33] [34] Early Emperor Qin Dynasty Relative to other Chinese states, the Qin State benefited from its western position, as it was not surrounded by other Chinese states, allowing it to expand westward at the expense of barbarian tribes.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The most significant factor in the strengthening of the Qin state was the country's more efficient system of government, based on a legalistic ideology, a major developer of which was Shang Yang, an adviser to Xiao, ruler of Qin state.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The administration of the Qin state was based on draconian laws and increasing agricultural productivity.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Agricultural development was also aided by sparsely populated land and fertile soil.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Labor was also lured from other Chinese states by promising farmers land, tax exemption and exemption from war service.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

However, the standard of living of the peasants was not allowed to rise higher than what it took to stay alive.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[35] [29] Shang Yang's reforms were intended to break the power of the country's superiors and create opportunities for the continuation of the policy of conquest.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[35] [29] When Xiao died in 338 BC.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Shang Yang was executed by his successor, but future rulers continued to rule according to the model of government created by Shang Yang.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[35] Qin expanded westward at the expense of the barbarian states in 316 BCE.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

and a decade.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

at the end of the Qin state defeated the Chu State army, after which it was by far the most powerful Chinese state.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[29] [35] The Qin state gained ultimate supremacy over the other Chinese states of the Struggling States era following King Zheng's ascension to the country's throne.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

During his time, conquests were resumed and over the years 230-221 BCE.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

during the course of the rest of the states subservient to Qin rule.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

King Zheng changed his name to Qin Shi Huangdi, the first emperor.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

For the first time, most of present-day China had been united under a single ruler.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[36] [27] [37] The Qin dynasty faced challenges from unification, as different parts of the country were not unified.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

There were linguistic differences in the regions and the lettering marks were different.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Administrative modes, units of measurement and monetary units also varied.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The departments had to be unified and linguistic differences eliminated to facilitate tax collection and administration.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[38] The road network of a country of enormous magnitude also needed to be improved in order to hold the kingdom together and make the movement of military forces more effortless.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The Qin dynasty began a major road construction project from the northern Liaodong Gulf to southern China.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The road network connected various parts of the country to the capital Xianyang.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[37] [39] Administratively, the country was divided into provinces, with a military governor and a landlord responsible for civil affairs appointed at the head.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

A third official was appointed to oversee their administrative activities.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

This system of government created by the Qin dynasty survived as the model of governance of Imperial China for more than 2000 years.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[39] [40] The name of the Qin dynasty also derives from the Western language word Chinese.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[40] The regime of the Qin dynasty was based on legalistic doctrines and the voices of Confucian scholars were silenced and many who opposed the ideology of legalism were executed.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

In 213 BC.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Emperor Shi Huangdi burned all books of the kingdom, except for the imperial collection and those that dealt with practical doctrines such as agriculture.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[41] [42] By burning the books, civilization could be confined to only a small number of scholars in government, so that legalistic doctrines would not be challenged by the ordinary people.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[43] [44] The external threat to the Qin dynasty was formed by the nomadic peoples of the north, the most powerful of which were the Xiongnus.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[45] [40] The Great Wall of China began to be built on the northern borders of the kingdom, the first parts of which had been built by the northernmost Chinese states in the era of already fighting states.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The walls were combined during the Qin dynasty into a single entity, extending from Gansu, the northwestern corner of the country east, all the way to the seashore.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[39] The huge battering project required the labour input of hundreds of thousands of people and it consumed a huge amount of resources and put a strain on the country's economy.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[37] [39] [43] The dynasty founded by Qin Shi Huangdi did not last much longer after him after the Emperor died in 210 BCE.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

A terracotta army comprising thousands of statues was placed to guard his mausoleum.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[43] [39] Shortly after the emperor's death, the Qin dynasty was mired in internal power struggles.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The peasant population also began to revolt and the former feudal superiority began to claim back their prerogatives.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The revolts spread kingdom-wide and in 206 BCE.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Liu Bang of low descent took over the last Qin emperor and declared himself the first emperor of the Han dynasty.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[43] [39] Han Dynasty Western Han Dynasty founder Liu Bang of the Han dynasty assumed his ruler name Gao Zu and he moved the capital of the kingdom to Chang'an.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[46] [47] The Han dynasty had to reform the legalistic model of governance inherited from the Qin dynasty as its first work.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The ideology of legalism remained, but their power was restored to the feudal supremacy.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

This soon led to the emergence of smaller Han dynasty internal fiefdom states that competed with each other and also sought independence.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[48] [49] The Han dynasty in its early days had to fight feudal princes for half a century before successfully overthrowing the princes in 154 BCE.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[46] [49] During the Han period, Confucianism became established as a state ideology and many Confucian scholars gained prominent positions as officials.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[49] [50] The ban on book-keeping imposed in the Qin period was lifted by the Han dynasty and many historical works emerged during the Han period.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[51] The development of literature was also influenced by the invention of new material, paper.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[52] Han culture also left its mark on the name of China's current main population, the Han Chinese.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[40] The Xiongnus who threatened from the direction of the North posed a threat to the Han dynasty.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The Xiongnut also posed a threat to other nomadic peoples and was sent by Emperor Wu, considered the most prominent of the Han dynasty, during his reign in 140-87 BCE.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Expeditions to Central Asia in search of allies in the wars against the Xiongnu.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

As a more far-reaching consequence, Chinese expeditions succeeded in spreading the influence of the Han dynasty deeper into Central Asia.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[53] [54] Due to the relations established by Chinese expeditions in Central Asia, a trade route known as the Silk Road began to form in the Han period between China and the Roman Empire.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[49] In the Han period silk began to be exported from the country to the west and the trade route threatened by the Xiongnu had to be secured, allowing the Great Wall of China to be continued further west.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[40] [53] Direct contact with Rome did not arise in the Han period; the Silk Road consisted of successive commercial routes.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Along the way, the Parthians cut off the route to keep the trade monopoly for themselves.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[54] [44] Taxes collected from the people rather than commerce were the most significant source of income for the state.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

In 2, the Han dynasty conducted a census, according to which the kingdom had 57 million inhabitants.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The most significant taxes collected from the people were the land tax and the life coinage.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[55] [44] Following the death of the longtime Emperor Wu in 87 BC.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The court of the Han dynasty was mired in internal strife and court intrigues and the time of several weak emperors.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The Wang clan emerged most powerful, whose member Wang Mang served as regent of the minor emperor and overthrew him from power in 9 share.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

and proclaimed himself the first emperor of the new Xin dynasty.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[56] [57] [58] [46] Xin Dynasty After coming to power, Wang Mang sought to restore the economy of the country, which had been brought to a chaotic state by major construction projects and wars.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Tax collection was intensified, gold reserves were confiscated, and many sectors of production were monopolized under state control.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Wang Mang set about pruning the rights of the high lordship, depriving the fiefdom princes of their positions and the lands were redistributed to poor peasants.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[56] [59] [58] Wang Mang's actions raised widespread opposition among the upper class.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

discontent was further compounded by natural disasters during the Xin Dynasty, when floods afflicting the kingdom caused famines and massive migrations.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The situation led to unrest which was further fanned by members of the deposed Han dynasty.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

At the end of the unrest, Wang Mang was slain and Liu Xiu, who led the rebellion, declared himself emperor in 25, restoring the Han dynasty to power.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[59] [60] [57] Eastern Han Dynasty After the Han Dynasty returned to power, the capital of the country was moved from Chang'an to Luoyang, which is why the second half of the dynasty is called the Eastern Han Dynasty.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[56] [59] In the Eastern Han period, the dynasty's power declined relative to the Western Han period.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The dynasty returned to power with the support of the feudal superiority and they exerted great influence over the Han regime.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The Eastern Han ended general conscription, as a large infantry army was expensive to maintain and was useless in wars against the fast-moving Xiongnu.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Abandoning conscription only strengthened feudalization.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[56] During the Eastern Han dynasty, the threat of the Xiongnu to the Chinese was eliminated, facilitated by the internal dispersion of the Xiongnu.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

However, it was replaced by the threat posed by other nomadic tribes, especially the Qiang tribe, along the northern borders of the country.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

As the wars dragged on, the feudal superiority began forming their own wage armies to protect their possessions.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[56] The feudal superiority began to form their own administrative units and they began to function with disregard for the central administration of the dynasty and the kingdom began to disperse.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[56] [40] [61] The ineffective central government was further weakened by intrigues within the court.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The dynasty did not have a strong emperor, as between the years 88-220 all of the last nine emperors of the dynasty rose to power already underage.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

In the absence of a strong emperor, dowager empresses and court puppets raced from power.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[59] After the confusion, the eunuch general Cao Cao emerged as a strong military leader, who gained control of the northern parts of the kingdom and proclaimed himself protector of the child emperor.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[56] [62] He also attempted to seize the southern parts of the country under his rule, but failed in his attempt after two other military leaders allied against him.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The period of the Han dynasty was finally over when the last emperor of the dynasty abdicated the crown in favor of Cao Cao's heir Cao Pei.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

This declared the new Wei dynasty established and proclaimed himself the first emperor of the Wei state in 221.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Soon the other two warlords were doing the same.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

To the northwest, Shu Han State emerged and to the southeast Wu State.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[56] [62] [59] Age of Divide Three Kingdoms The most characteristic feature of the era was the division between north and south.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The North was ruled by non-Chinese dynasties whose reigns often fell short.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

In the south, power was held by Han Chinese.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[63] After the collapse of the Han dynasty, Chinese territory was divided into three independently operating political centers.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

To the north would lie Wei, to the southwest Shu Han and to the northwest Wu.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[64] [65] The period of these three kingdoms fell short and filled with bloody clashes and political conspiracies.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[65] After the fall of the Han dynasty, the imperial institutions and political, economic and cultural unity it left as a legacy declined.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[66] The most powerful of the three kingdoms was the Wei state, which even it did not actually hold real political power.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

With the collapse of the central government of the Han dynasty, large landowners and aristocratic clans survived decades of unrest under the cover of their own private armies.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[65] The great landowners only grew stronger as the peasant population was hit hardest by incessantly ongoing wars, leaving them forced to offer their services to the great landowners.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[64] The most powerful of the Three Kingdoms, Wei defeated Shu Han under his rule in 263.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Shortly after this, the Cao lineage that ruled the Wei state also fell.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The ruler family was not overthrown by external enemies, but power at the court of the country had been increased by the influential Sima lineage, whose member Sima Zhao seized power into his own hands.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

He proclaimed himself the first emperor of the Jin dynasty in 265.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[65] [67] [66] Western Jin Dynasty The early days of the history of the Jin dynasty founded by Sima Zhao have been called the Western Jin Dynasty.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Luoyang served as its capital.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[67] [63] The Sima clan temporarily managed to unify the country again by conquering the Wu Kingdom in 280.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[66] [67] King Sima Yan briefly managed to establish a relatively stable administration, and contacts were established with the Southeast Asian states of Funan and Chenla, as well as the kingdoms of Central Asia.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

However, the period of unity fell short.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[68] [67] Following the death of King Sima Yan in 289, the princes of the Sima clan began a ruthless power struggle among themselves.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Large numbers of members of barbarian tribes living in the north were recruited into the country's army, among whom influential military leaders rose.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Infighting and the absence of a functioning central government paralyzed the Jin Empire, something the barbarian tribes of the north took advantage of and invaded the country.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[66] [67] Barbarian tribes conquered the northern and western regions of the kingdom and the capital Chang'an, and the remnants of the Jin dynasty went into exile south across the Yangtze River.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Around a million subjects and many notable genera moved along with them.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The Jin dynasty established its new capital at Jiankang, at which point the dynasty began to be known as the Eastern Jin Dynasty.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[63] [69] Many leading warlords of the barbarian peoples established their own kingdoms on the ripples of territories ruled by the Western Jin dynasty.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[66] The Sixteen Kingdoms The most characteristic feature of the post-Han Dynasty period is that the northern parts of China were left in the possession of non-Chinese peoples and the south held power by the Han Chinese.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[66] [63] The era between 304 and 439 is referred to as the Sixteen Kingdoms Period, when the country disintegrated into several short-lived kingdoms.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[70] [66] Often they were led by a military leader and the states were devoid of genuine social order.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[66] The conquistador peoples had no literary language, and therefore their rule was dependent from the beginning on the writing skills of the Chinese elite.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Barbarian peoples also lacked the farming technical skills and irrigation equipment that the Chinese had.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The conquistador peoples were entirely dependent on the achievements of the higher culture of the defeated people, and Chinese culture did not disappear, but was embraced by the conquistadors.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[71] After the Eastern Jin dynasty fled south, the north was ruled by the Xiongnus, but their rule was threatened by the Xianbi people, who had split into Eastern and Western branches.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

For decades, the Xiangnut suffered internal disintegration and power struggles, which eventually led to the destruction of the kingdom.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Eastern members of the Xianbi people, or Murong tribe, invaded the region from the east and Tibetan tanguts from the west.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The Tanguts were then able to expand their territory significantly and by 381 its control included almost all of northern China.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Nor was the Tanguti Empire long-lived; however, in its attempt to further expand its kingdom towards the south, it experienced a crushing defeat after which it was no longer able to quash the internal rebellions of the fragmented tribes of its kingdom.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[72] The region broke up again into numerous short-lived states and after this period of turmoil became the Tuoba people, who founded the Northern Wei dynasty in 386.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[72] [66] Northern and Southern dynasties Tuoba rulers established the Northern Wei state in northern China in 386.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[73] [66] [74] Northern Wei was the first of the so-called northern and southern dynasties.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[66] The rulers of the Tuoba state understood that the kingdom would only hold together with the help of Chinese officials.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

From Buddhism that arrived in China at the end of the Han period, efforts were made to establish a state religion and a factor uniting peoples.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Initially, efforts were made to preserve the traditional tribal system and religious traditions of the Tuoba people.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[73] [66] Chinese culture supplanted the Tuoba culture over time.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

In 494, the capital was moved from Pingcheng to Luoyang and all officials were required to dress in Chinese style and use the Chinese language alone.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

This caused rebellion among the Tuobaylyss and the country eventually disintegrated into a military rebellion.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Northern Wei split in two into the more pro-Chinese Eastern Wei and the more Tuobaian Western Wei, in 534.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[73] [66] [74] Neither remained a long-lived state.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

In the west, a crowded supreme seized power and established Northern Zhou in 557.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

In the east, the Chinese overlordship overthrew the Wei Emperor and established Northern Qi in 550.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The northern Zhou succeeded in 577 to conquer Northern Qi and unify the northern parts of China under their rule.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[73] [66] In the south, the Eastern Jin dynasty ruled its kingdom from Jiankang for about a hundred years, from 317 to 420.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[66] The Jin Dynasty, which fled from the north, had been followed by about a million people who came empty-handed to their new homeland.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

For landowners, this knew cheap labor and the intensification of private armies.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The Eastern Jin was also marked by conflicts between the more old Southerners and the overlords who fled the North, as immigrants brought neo-Taoist ideas along which did not coincide with traditional perceptions of the South.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[75] The Eastern Jin dynasty eventually fell into its own internal power struggles.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[66] In 420, military leader Liu Yu deposed the last Jin emperor and declared the Liu Song dynasty established, but that too quickly degenerated.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

This was followed by the Southern Qi dynasty in 479 to 501, the Liang dynasty in 501-556, and the Chen dynasty in 557-589.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The successors of the Eastern Jin dynasty are collectively referred to as Southern Dynasties.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[66] [76] The whole era of dispersal brought a period in China when new ideas and doctrines could spread freely.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The status of traditional Confucianism declined after the fall of the Han dynasty.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

A new foothold was given by Buddhism, a new religion spread to China, as well as endemic neo-Taoism.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

With Buddhism firmly established as China's power religion from the 3rd century onwards, it gained support among both northern barbarians and civilisation.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[77] [78] [79] Thousands of Buddhist temples rose especially in the northern parts of the country.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Technical progress also progressed in the period of dispersal.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The glazing technology involved in the manufacture of porcelain developed, with the development of agricultural implements and the introduction of fertilizers, yields from the fields increased.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

One of the products of the era is tea, the cultivation of which began in the period of dispersal.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[77] Sui Dynasty China's 400-year period of disintegration ended with the Sui dynasty united the fragmented states under the control of yet another emperor.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The founder of the Sui dynasty was Yang Jian, a high-ranking official of the Northern Zhou dynasty.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Due to court intrigues, he was enthroned as a child emperor and soon afterwards proclaimed himself emperor of the new Sui dynasty in 581.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[80] [81] After rising to power, he assumed his ruler name of Wendi and began construction work on the new capital Daxing, near present-day Xi'an.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[81] [82] The main external threats of the Sui dynasty came from the Turkic peoples from the north.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Turkic power had been dispersed into the Western Turkic, which held power in Central Asia, and the Eastern Turkic Khanate, which ruled territories north of the Sui dynasty.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Emperor Wendi took advantage of the dispersal and allied himself with the western Turkic state.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[80] [81] Defenses in the north also had to be strengthened and the Sui dynasty began repair work on the Great Wall of China.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[81] In the late 580s, the Sui dynasty was strong enough to attack the southern dynasties.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

In 589, the Sui dynasty, as the last southern Chinese dynasty, overthrew the Chen Dynasty and disposed of its capital Jiankang.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[81] [82] [83] China, after the overthrow of the Chen dynasty, was once again united under the rule of a single ruler.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

In southern China, Sui rule aroused the greatest opposition, but the rebelling southern noble families were bloody defeated.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[82] [83] Behind the success of the Sui dynasty was the administrative, military and economic order developed during the Northern Wei Dynasty.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[84] As his most significant project during the Sui dynasty, the Emperor's Canal was built.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Its main function was to enable the transport of grain from the south to important centers in the north.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The vicinity of the capital could not produce everything needed, so commodities had to be imported from a long distance.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[82] [85] When completed, the channel network was over 2000 kilometres long.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[83] The existing channel between the Huai River and the Yangtze was improved and a major canal connected the Yangtze and the Yellow River.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Canal networks connected Luoyang in the south and present-day Hangzhou and Beijing in the north.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[85] [83] Canal construction was carried out by forced labour and involved 5,5 million people.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The work was obliged to participate in the work of all men aged 15-50 years.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[85] According to a source work from the era, 2 million people died at work.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[80] The canal was completed during the second Sui emperor, Yang Di, in the early 6th century.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[80] The importance of the canal to China's economic development and unity has been considerable.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[82] Major urban construction projects, expansion works of the Great Wall of China, and construction work on the Emperor's Canal were carried out with the forced labor required of the people, which did not make the Sui emperors popular.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[85] Emperor Yang Di expanded the vkingdom in the south as far as the southern parts of present-day Vietnam and also in Central Asia significant trade routes were restored under the influence of the dynasty.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

From 611 to 614, Yang Di organized several war expeditions in the direction of Korea.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[80] Wars also required forced labour, which further burdened the population.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

All war expeditions against the Korean Koguryo state failed and produced great losses.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[82] [83] In order to finance wars, a forced tax on nobles was also enacted, which decreased the popularity of the Sui Emperor in the eyes of the exalted.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[82] Uprisings and the machinations of the exalted lordship of the land led to Li Yuan, a military leader of the exalted family who was related to both the Sui dynasty and the Eastern Turks, in 617, taking over Chang'an, the country's western capital.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The following year, he took over the rest of the Sui dynasty territories and proclaimed himself the first emperor of the Tang dynasty.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[83] [80] The rule of the Sui dynasty eventually lasted only 37 years, but sei the base for the Tang dynasty, one of the great dynasties in Chinese history.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[82] [85] The Tang dynasty after the rise to power of the Tang dynasty lasted several more years before the kingdom was pacified and the power of the Tang dynasty established itself.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[86] [87] Gao Zu, the first Tang emperor, was deposed from power by his own son Li Shim in 626.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[88] [89] Li Shimin took Taizong as his emperor name.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

He is considered one of the greatest emperors in Chinese history.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[88] [90] The first Tang emperors largely left the Sui period administrative system in effect and further developed it.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The emperor was the monospace and he oversaw the central government, which was formed of bodies performing various functions.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The county-level administration was overseen by the central government of the kingdom, which oversaw the filling of the highest county-level posts.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[87] During the Taizong period, the central government was consolidated and the feudal nobility were allowed to collect tax from the territories they controlled, but they had neither administrative nor jurisdiction.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[90] Administration thus became more bureaucratic during the Tang period, with the most qualified being elected to administrative posts on the basis of governmental degrees, rather than the office being inherited among members of the ruling feudal nobility.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[90] [91] The obtaining of governmental degrees was in principle possible for all, but in reality most of the recipients belonged to a higher or lower class of civil service.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[90] The system of land distribution developed in the early Tang period during the Gao Zu period, such that every man of the age of majority in the kingdom was given control of cultivable land for life, most of which had to be returned to the state upon death.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

In return, farmers were required to pay their taxes in grain or cloth and perform war service and other prescribed day jobs, normally 20 days a year.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The taxation system was the same in principles for rich and poor, but day jobs could be exchanged for taxes or vice versa.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Merchants and residents of cities were also exempt from taxes.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Taxes collected from the peasant population were the main source of income for the state, so the State had to ensure that the people fulfilled their tax obligations by regular censuses.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[87] Under Gao Zu, religious freedom was curtailed, but under Tai Zong the restrictions were lifted.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[88] Tai Zong advocated Confucianism, as this was the paradigm of learned officials in particular.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[91] However, he was also a supporter of Buddhism, as he understood the threat posed by the Buddhist community, which may have undermined social order.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[90] An important ceremonial role was also granted to Taoist monks.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

These three orientations played an important role in the state ideology of the Tang period.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[88] At the beginning of the Tang period, the main external threat was formed by the Eastern Turks who invaded from the northwestern frontier.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The Chinese benefited from the dispersal of the Eastern Turks, whereby the Uyghurs and TölöTurks subjugated by these broke away from the influence of the Eastern Turks.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[91] [92] The Chinese defeated the threat posed by the Eastern Turks during the Taizong period by 630, partly with the assistance of the Uyghurs.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[92] [82] The Uyghurs became a major ally for the Chinese over the following centuries.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[92] On the northeastern edge of the Tibetan Highlands, the Tuyuhun people who lived in the area of modern Qinghai were also forced to recognize Chinese rule during Taizong's reign.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

In the mid-6th century, the Tang dynasty's power extended all the way to the rear of the Pamir Mountains.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[91] The Korean Koguryo was also successfully subjugated under Chinese rule after several war expeditions, by 668.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[91] [92] In Central Asia, the Tang dynasty competed for influence with Tibetans and Arabs.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

For good, the Tang dynasty lost its power over the far west after the Battle of Talas in 751.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[93] [91] [89] At the same time, a new Nanzhao kingdom of the Thai people formed in the southern parts of the kingdom in what is now Yunnan, defeating the Chinese army.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[94] [91] [89] Emperor Taizong died in 649 and was succeeded in power by his son Gaozong, who ruled until 683.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Subsequently, Wu Zetian, the only female empress in Chinese history, rose to power.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

This had been in Emperor Taizong's harem as a concubine in low rank.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

After Taizong died, Gaozong took Wu Zetian as his wife and he soon rose to become empress, deposing the legitimate empress.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Wu Zetian was, alongside Gaozong, a real power user and upon the emperor's death, he ascended the throne himself after various court intrigues.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[95] [96] [89] Empress Wu is portrayed as a ruthless ruler, but she was also an able politician.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

He was out of favour with the upper civil service class, but was won over by the lower civil service class.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

In his term, officials were elected on the basis of degrees, rather than by inherited status.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[95] [96] In religions he favored Buddhism in particular.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

During his time, the Wild Goose Pagoda in Xi'an and the huge Buddha images of the Longmen Caves were built, as well as several Buddhist temples throughout the kingdom were built.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[95] The preference for Buddhism turned Confucian officials against Empress Wu.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[97] He was ousted from power in 705, when he was 80 years old.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

His grandson Li Longji played a significant role in the coup.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

After mixed years, this ascended the throne himself in 712 as emperor title Xuanzong.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[97] [98] Xuanzong ruled the country for more than 40 years and in his period Tang culture flourished and a period of prosperity and prosperity lived in the kingdom.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[89] During his time, the canal system was improved, the taxation system was reformed, which enabled tax revenues to increase and the Buddhist monks to be forced back into productive activities.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[98] [97] [89] In the latter part of his reign, Xuanzong's rule was interfered with his concubine Yang Guifei.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

This was a great crush of the emperor and he was able to pursue the interests of his own family.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

In 752, Guifei's cousin Yang Guozhong was appointed prime minister of the kingdom.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[98] [97] An Lushan, a prominent warlord, had been in the circle of the previous prime minister and he was also in favour of the emperor and Yang Guifei.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[94] [99] He felt his own position threatened after Yang Guozhong's appointment.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

An Lushan had about 200,000 soldiers under his command, which was almost half of the entire Tang army.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[99] An Lushan rose in open revolt in and within a few months his forces took over all of eastern China, including the capital Chang'an, in 756.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Emperor Xuanzong was forced to flee to Sichuan with the court with him.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

On the run, forces previously loyal to the emperor saw Yang Guifei and Yang Guozhong guilty of the situation and demanded their execution, to which the emperor had to agree.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Xuanzong himself relinquished power in favor of his son Su Zong.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[99] [94] Su Zong allied with the Uyghurs and rulers of other western countries against An Lushan.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Far from allying with the Chinese to save the Tang dynasty, the Uyghurs were also allying themselves to the weakness of the Chinese.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[99] [94] With the help of the Uyghurs, An Lushan rebellion was defeated in 763 and the capital was recaptured, at the same time the Uyghurs looting the reconquered territories, but the Tang regime was powerless in the face of this.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[100] An Lushan himself was no longer to see the end of the rebellion, for he was murdered by his son in 757.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[99] [94] An Lushan Rebellion was the turning point of the Tang dynasty's reign.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The dynasty was not defeated, but it weakened so significantly that it no longer returned to its former glory, although it remained in power for about 150 years.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[101] [102] [82] In the west, the Chinese were threatened by Tibetans and in the northwest by the Uyghurs.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The Uighurs in particular benefited from the weakness of the Chinese, who were able to charge large tariffs for passing through their territory.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[100] [101] The northern parts of the Tang Dynasty empire had been the most central area for tax collection in the country before the rebellion, but as a result of the revolt millions of peasants had fled their displaced areas or died.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[101] [103] The administration became increasingly dependent on revenue from southern China.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

To make up the shortfall, the state enacted a new land tax and property tax and took control of the salt monopoly.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[101] The last strong emperor of the Tang dynasty was Xianzong, who came to power in 805.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

During his time, administrative and economic reforms were undertaken and a few successful war expeditions were carried out, restoring social order and still seeing a hint of former glory.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Xuanzong was murdered by eunuchs who undertook a secret plot in 820.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[94] [88] An equally strong emperor for the Tang dynasty did not come again.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

As the economic situation tightened, Emperor Wuzong, who supported Taoism, directed his persecution on Buddhists in 840.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

40,000 monasteries were closed and their properties confiscated.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Buddhism revived under the succeeding emperors, but it never again returned to its former grandiose status in China.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

In contrast, the foreign religions Zarathustranism, Manichaeism and Nestoriism also subjected to persecution disappeared from China.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[104] [100] The Uyghurs were also subjected to persecution after the overthrow of the Uyghur Kingdom by the Kyrgyzis in 840.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[100] The final destruction of the Tang dynasty originated with the drought that hit the Henan region in 874, when the population of the region rose in a revolt led by Huang Chao.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The forces under his leadership took over the capital Chang'an and Luoyang.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[88] [105] The rebellion was defeated in 883, but the Tang dynasty was no longer able to restore its power; local military leaders continued to operate independently.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[106] [105] Formally in power there was a Tang emperor for another couple of decades, although they were in reality minor puppet rulers of the warlords.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[107] The last Tang emperor was ejected from power in 907, when Zhu Wen, who had served him and formerly belonged to Huang Chao's camp, was brought to power by the warlord Zhu Wen, who declared himself the first emperor of the later Liang dynasty.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[107] [108] Late Emperor Period Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms The period after the fall of the Tang dynasty in Chinese history is referred to as the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

During this period, Northern China was ruled by five short-lived dynasties that followed each other and southern China had been divided into several small states operating independently.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[109] [108] [110] [111] [112] The era lasted only half a century.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

All northern dynasties remained in power for an average of ten years and were eventually defeated in internal strife.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

In the south, the states lived with each other relatively peacefully.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[111] The dynasties that ruled from the north were the later Liang dynasty in 907—923, the later Tang dynasty from 923 to 936, the later Jin dynasty 936—946, the later Han dynasty 947—950, and the later Zhou dynasty 951—960.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[108] [112] Despite dispersion, the economy and farming methods developed, commerce was brisk, and the use of paper money became more widespread.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The art of bookprinting developed, enabling the spread of literature to both scholars and laymen.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[108] [110] In the series of dynasties, the sixth was the Song dynasty, which evolved into a dynasty unifying China.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

In 960, upon the death of the emperor of the later Zhou dynasty, the child ruler who succeeded him was dethroned as a result of a rebellion.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The warlord Taizu proclaimed himself the first emperor of the Song dynasty.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[108] [113] [111] Song dynasty The beginning of the reign of the Northern Song Song dynasty has been regarded as a transformation of the Chinese Empire.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

Its administration relied firstly on civil servants instead of the earlier ruling nobility.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

During the Song period, the status of Confucianism as a state ideology was strengthened.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[111] [114] [115] Instead of military rule, Taizu, the dynasty's first emperor, strengthened the country's civilian administration, despite the fact that he himself had come to power supported by his military forces.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

The emperor understood the military threat coming from the army, and prominent warlords were persuaded to abandon their duties in exchange for a large reward.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[116] [117] Emperor Taizu significantly reduced the country's army, despite the fact that the country was threatened on its northern borders by the Liao kingdom of the Kitans and the Xi Xia kingdom of the Tanguts in the northwest.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[115] [111] In this way, the Song dynasty accepted its military weakness, to counter the internal threat posed by the army.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[117] The Song dynasty directed its expansion efforts primarily southwards, where under Taizu's successor Taizong, it took over the last Southern Chinese Empire by the end of the 970s.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[117] [111] The threat from the barbarian peoples who threatened from the North was aimed at countering by bribing them to become peaceful.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[116] [117] In 1004, the Liao dynasty of the Kitans advanced as far as Kaifeng, the capital of the Song dynasty.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[118] The threat posed by the Kitans was only lifted when the Song Emperor agreed to pay the Liao dynasty a large annual coercive tax.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[118] [119] In 1044, the Song dynasty tended to pay a similar forced tax to Xi Xia of the Tanguts as well, realizing that the Song dynasty army was incapable of defending against Tangutian cavalry.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[118] For the Liao dynasty, the forced tax paid by the Song Emperor was the most significant source of income and it allowed the Liao dynasty to flourish.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

[111] Taizu's followers no longer followed this policy regarding the army, as the Song rulers did not trust their northern neighbors.


Question: When is China founded?

History of China

By 1040, the country's army was more than 1.3 million men in strength, who were kept in readiness on the frontiers of the kingdom.