Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

Thus electrons that fit into the theoretically imaginary eighth level are calculated as 2·8²=128, meaning the eighth level would theoretically hold 128 electrons.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

Ions are formed when an atom or chemical compound donates or accepts one or more electrons.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

In chemical reactions, some of the electrons in atoms can also transfer to the common orbitals of the two atoms.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

In this way, a covalent bond is created between the atoms, linking the atoms into a molecule.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

Chemical compounds usually consist of either molecules formed in this way or positive and negative ions.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

Several elements also occur as molecules formed by two or more similar atoms.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

The more precise structure of the electron cloud The electron clouds of different atoms vary depending on the number of electrons, they can be described as different patterns of volume around the atom where electrons are most likely to be.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

However, the quantum mechanical atomic model gives a more accurate description of the place of electrons in the electron cloud.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

The quantum mechanical atomic model springs from the idea that the position of an electron is determined by four factors: the main quantum number n, the side quantum number l, the magnetic quantum number ml, and the spin s. [4] Each electron level, i.e. the main quantum number, is divided into several side quantum numbers, i.e. orbitals.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

For every major quantum number, there are one less side quantum number than the order number of the main quantum number is, that is, obeys the formula l=n−1.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

Thus, it can obtain a value of zero.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

For each value, a dedicated letter symbol has been assigned, which are displayed from the table: Note that for every major quantum number, all side quantum number values that are at least one smaller than themselves are possible.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

That is, the second energy level gets the side quantum numbers 1 and 0, that is, the second energy level has both an s-orbital and a p-orbital (there are three p-orbitals, of which later).


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

Each orbital has a shape of its own — S-orbitals are spherical and p-orbitals take the form of eights.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

There are always three P-orbitals at each energy level; for each dimension one.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

Different p-orbitals are denoted as px, py, and pz orbitals.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

Usually marking separately is pointless and all orbitals are indicated as a single orbital.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

All p-orbitals at the same energy level are similarly energetic.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

The magnetic quantum number gets the same values as the side quantum number, but it gets the corresponding values in negative as well.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

Spin is one of the most important electron properties when considering the electron configuration of an atom, i.e., the placement of electrons in the electron cloud.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

Spin can be thought of as being a certain kind of electron rotation.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

The spin of an electron should not be confused with a rotation that is perceived by man, but rather it is something else.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

If rotating an electron around its axis was equivalent to rotation as understood by classical physics, the electron would rotate at almost ten times the speed of light around its axis.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

The spin of an electron can be either ½ or −½.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

Spin indicates the “direction of rotation”.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

Electrons are placed on orbitals using three rules: the minimum energy principle, the Pauli injunction rule, and the Hund rule.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

As the elemental ordinal number and at the same time the number of electrons increases, different orbitals are filled in the following order: 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, 7s, 5f, 6d, 7p.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

In these notations, the numbers denote the principal quantum number, the lagging letters orbitals determined by the side quantum number.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

It should be noted that the s-orbitals of the upper crust fill before the d- and f-orbitals of the lower shell.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

The elements with the most recent electrons on d-orbitals are transition metals.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

The elements on which they are on the f-orbital are lanthanoids or actinoids.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

History of Atomic Theory As a concept, the atom is very old.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

Already Demokritos proposed that everything consists of “atoms” and emptiness, and since atoms have no emptiness, they are indivisible, as only emptiness can distinguish the pieces from each other.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

In chemistry, the concept of the atom was introduced by John Dalton in the early 19th century.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

With that, he explained, in particular, the law of multiple-weight ratios.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

This law says that if two elements form more compounds with each other, then those quantities of one element which can coincide with the same amount of another element are in a simple, usually expressed with small integers, relative to each other.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

For example, 12 grams of carbon can combine with either 16 grams of oxygen to form carbon monoxide, or exactly double that amount, 32 grams of oxygen to form carbon dioxide.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

This is explained by the fact that there is one carbon and one oxygen atom in the molecule of carbon monoxide, one carbon and two oxygen atoms in the molecule of carbon dioxide.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

By the beginning of the 19th century, this theory and chemical reactions were able to determine quite accurately the ratios of the masses of atoms of different elements to each other.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

However, it was not yet known how large their masses were in fractions of a gram, only their relative masses were known.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

Therefore, a special atomic mass unit had to be introduced, which was initially defined as the mass of a hydrogen atom.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

(Today, it is defined as 1/12-part of the mass of a carbon-12 atom.)


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

Around the same time, the thermal doctrine and the closely related kinetic gas theory also developed rapidly, which also required a gas to consist of molecules.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

Avogadro's law, based on kinetic gas theory, also proved useful in determining the atomic masses of gaseous elements.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

In the 19th century, however, atomic theory gained particularly great importance in organic chemistry.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

With the help of various chemical reactions, far-reaching conclusions were made about the structure of organic molecules and the order in which the atoms are located in them relative to each other.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

When much later structures of organic molecules could also be studied using X-rays, the conclusions made by chemists proved correct in most cases.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

[5] Atomic theory quickly became generally accepted by scientists, although there were still doubters at the end of the 19th century, for example Ernst Mach.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

It was not until the results of research on radioactivity, as well as the explanation of Brown's motion presented by Albert Einstein in 1905, that resolved the dispute once and for all, and also made it possible to determine the relationship between the atomic mass unit and the gram.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

Like Democritos, Dalton and the scientific community still long after him considered the atom indivisible.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

However, the study of electrolysis towards gradually concluding that an atom can acquire an electric charge, i.e. ionised, which gave rise to the assumption that there are even sub-atomic electrically charged particles.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

Atomic models Just over 2000 years ago, philosopher Plato introduced atoms of various elements in his book Timaios.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

He connected to each classical element — earth, air, fire, and water — a regular polygon, the so-called Plato piece, so that the earth was matched by a cube, air an octahedron, water an icosahedron, and fire a tetrahedron.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

Plato thought each element was composed of atoms of its own kind, as presumed by modern theories.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

Of the current atomic models based on scientific observations, the first is the raisin bud model by Joseph Thomson, the discoverer of the electron.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

The atom had been found to be electrically neutral, but composed of differently-charged particles.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

According to classical theory, the only possible permanent atomic model was one in which positive and negative particles are uniformly spread across the atom like raisins in a bun.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

However, Ernest Rutherford conducted an experiment in which he bombarded a thin gold film with alpha particles.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

To his great surprise, he found that a small fraction of the particles ricocheted back off the membrane by the time others passed through, as if most of the atom were empty filled and only a small nucleus contained all the mass.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

Rutherford ended up with a solar system model in which electrons orbit a positive nucleus in the same way that planets do the sun.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

However, an atom according to Rutherford's atomic model would not be stable according to classical physics, as electrons in circular motion would soon radiate their energy away.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

Niels Bohr solved the problem by positing that electrons only orbit the nucleus on certain permanent, stationary lines.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

In Bohr's model, electrons only radiate as they move from one track to another by absorbing or emitting a photon.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

The weaknesses of the model are related to the fact that it in no way explains this quantification.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

Eventually, physicists like Erwin Schrödinger were able to develop a quantum mechanical atomic model in which electrons form clouds of probability around the nucleus: you can never know for sure where the electron is, but rather it is as if spread out throughout space.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

Due to the complexity and irrationality of quantum mechanics, Rutherford and Bohr's simple models are still used in teaching, and most people still think of atoms as small solar systems.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

However, the quantum mechanical atomic model has been proven valid by a number of extremely accurate experiments.


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ball, Philip| title = Chemistry Forefront: Journey to the Molecular World| location = Helsinki| publisher = Terra Cognita| year = 1997| version = (Designing the molecular world: Chemistry at the Frontier, 1994).


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

English. Kimmo Pietian | id = ISBN 952-5202-07-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Krauss, Lawrence M.| title = Atom: Journey from the Beginning of the Universe to the Birth of Life | location = Helsinki| publisher = Terra Cognita| year = 2002| version = (Atom: An Odyssey from the Big Bang to life on Earth... and beyond, 2001.)


Question: What does an atom have to do with another atom?

Atomic

English. Juha Pietiläinen| id = ISBN 952-5202-51-8}} On topic elsewhere Category:Particle Physics Category:Atomic Physics Category:Key articles in screening


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Smith

Alexander Douglas “Alex” Smith (born May 7, 1984 in Seattle, Washington) is an American football player, playing position quarterback.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Smith

He plays for the Washington Redskins of the NFL league, and in his pro career has also represented the San Francisco 49ers as well as the Kansas City Chiefs.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Smith

[1] Smith was the first pick of the 2005 NFL draft pick.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Smith

[2] [3] Prior to the NFL, Seattle-born Smith is a native of La Mesa, California State.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Smith

[4] He has a brother and two sisters.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Smith

Alex's father, Douglas D. Smith is principal at Helix High School, the same high school he himself attended.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Smith

Smith's uncle, John L. Smith, is the former head coach of the Michigan State University football team.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Smith

[5] Smith played as a starter on the Helix High School team, leading his team to a total of 25 wins and one loss.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Smith

During this time, Helix High School twice won the San Diego area championship.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Smith

Smith was twice selected as both the conference's best offensive player and the most important player on his team, and once also for the constellation team.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Smith

At Helix, Smith broke the school record for the most goals thrown in a game with his six goals.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Smith

[6] However, he was not the most shrugged player on the team, as Smith's teammate played for the 2005 best college player Heisman Trophy winner Reggie Bush, the current New Orleans Saints' centerback.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Smith

[7] Smith's success was not limited to mere football, however; he was president of his class in his final year, and passed school early with outstanding honors.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Smith

Later at university, he succeeded in the same trick, completing his economics degree in two years.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Smith

[8] 2006 Smith founded an organization bearing his own name to give former nursing home children the opportunity for higher education.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Smith

[9] The organization is currently based in the San Diego area of California.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Smith

Despite Smith's fairly good high school performances, he was offered scholarships to only two universities; Utah and Louisville, where at that time his uncle John L.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Smith

It's Smith.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Smith

[10] Furthermore, his mother would have wished her son to go to an academically upscale university like Harvard or Dartmouth for his studies.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Smith

In the end, however, Smith chose the University of Utah and the Utah Utes team.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Smith

The start in Utah was a difficult one.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Smith

2002, in his first year of university, when most players do not participate in matches to give them an extra year at university, Smith played in only two games, throwing only four throws in total.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Smith

This was a major disappointment for Smith, as in doing so he effectively lost one entire university term, and he considered relocating elsewhere.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Smith

In the end, however, Smith decided to stay in Utah.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Smith

The following year, he became the team's starting quarterback, and in the 2004 season he led his team to the Fiesta Bowl for the first time in university history, without suffering a single loss in 14 games of a season.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Smith

The Utes also managed to win the match against the University of Pittsburgh 35-7.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

[11] At the conclusion of the season, Smith finished fourth in the voting for the best college player of 2004 (ahead of e.g.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

current Houston Texans backup quarterback Matt Leinart, who won the award).


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

However, he was selected as the NCAA's (Confederation of American University Sports) Mountain West Conference Player of the Year.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

[12] In player comparison of the San Francisco 49ers NFL draft, Smith ran for 40 yards in a time of 4.71, picked up 152 pounds on the bench press and jumped 79 inches in a vertical leap.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

On the Wonderlic test, a type of intelligence test, Smith was the best quarterback in years with his score of 40 out of a possible 50 points.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

[13] Smith's private practice day was also successful, cementing his status as the reserve's top quarterback ahead of another strong candidate, University of California Aaron Rodgers.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

In addition, Mike Nolan, known as a strong persona, did not believe the strong-minded Rodgers would also get along with a strong-minded Rodgers in the longer term, served as head coach of the San Francisco 49ers, who held the number one reserve.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

[14] In July 2005, Smith made him booked with the 49ers on a six-year contract, worth approximately $50 million.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

[15] 2005 - Rookie season In his rookie season, Smith struggled with injuries, and after head coach Mike Nolan took Smith out of the lineup on several occasions, he played in only nine games with one goal and 11 cut off assists as a balance.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

Of those nine games, Smith was the starter in seven games, after the 49ers used as many as four different starters during the season.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

2006 - Clear progress after initial difficulties, Smith found himself in a reinforced offensive stock whose guidance was provided by a new man, Norv Turner, the current head coach of the San Diego Chargers.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

Smith trained before the season closely with Turner and the wide receivers.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

In addition, Smith improved his technique and increased mass.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

[16] An advanced offense helped Smith clearly in his second season, particularly in his first three games where he threw for a total of 814 yards and three touchdowns without a single pass break.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

In the fourth game against the Kansas City Chiefs, Smith, as well as the rest of the team, had minor difficulties, but were fixed for the next game away to Oakland, where Smith threw for the first time in his NFL career three field goals in a game.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

Subsequently, however, the ailments of the rookie season returned; in the next five games, the result was only six touchdowns and nine snapped passes for a 153-yard game average.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

Despite injury problems, Smith led his team in November to a three-match winning streak.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

After a loss to the Cardinals the following week, the 49ers played their final game in Denver, with the Broncos pursuing the final playoff spots.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

To the disappointment of the home crowd, the guests stretched out to surprise, knocking the Coloradoans out of the playoffs.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

Smith threw for 194 yards and one touchdown in the game, leading his team from losing position to victory for the second time in three weeks.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

In sum, Smith improved in his sophomore year, catching 16 touchdowns and a lot of pass breaks, 2,890 yards and a quarterback power of 74.8, all more than is widely expected of a 22-year-old quarterback.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

2007 - Injury problems begin In season three, Smith came under third offensive coordinator after Norv Turner transferred to San Diego.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

The new man for the job was Jim Hostler, who proved to be considerably weaker than his predecessor.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

The opening game of the season, ESPN's TV matchup against the Baltimore Ravens, ended with a 20-17 victory for the 49ers with a last-minute winning goal.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

In a game played on September 30 against Seattle, Smith injured his right shoulder after being tackled by opponent Rocky Bernard.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

Smith missed three matches due to injury, and returned to the field for 28.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

on October.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

[17] San Francisco's next win didn't come until the end of November.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

Of all the quarterbacks eligible for stats, efficiency inferior to him was only on the New York Jets' Kellen Clemens.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

Smith managed less than 50% of his passes, which was also well below the league average (approx.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

60%) Smith also had disagreements with head coach Nolan about the severity of his injury; Nolan felt he was fully rehabilitated, but according to him himself, the injury still made it difficult to accurately throw.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

In the end, Nolan decided to let Smith rehabilitate his shoulder and put in opening conger Trent Dilfer.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

Smith's shoulder was examined further and it was ultimately decided to resort to surgery that ended Smith's season.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

[18] 2008 - Career at stake as Smith fought in training camp for the number one quarterback spot along with Shaun Hill and J.T O'Sullivan.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

Again, the 49ers offensive equivalent was fired, and Mike Martz was hired to replace Jim Hostler.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

Unlike previous seasons, where the attack, despite different coaches, had been somewhat similar, Martz's system was completely different.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

Smith started the first game of the practice season against the Raiders as the second quarterback behind O'Sullivan.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

This selection was due in part to the fact that for him Martz's offense had become previously familiar during his playing for the Detroit Lions, where Martz coached.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

Parts remained the same for other practice matches prior to the season as well.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

On August 22, head coach Mike Nolan announced that J.T O'Sullivan would be their starter for at least the opening game of the season.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

This prompted former NFL coach Jim Mora to call Smith when interviewed a failure and that the 49ers shouldn't have picked him first in the 2005 draft.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

[19] In September, Smith was again placed on the injured list due to his shoulder.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

It was widely expected the 49ers would release Smith from his contract after the season.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

But things changed after head coach Nolan was fired; Smith would be allowed to stay if he was willing to negotiate a new, considerably cheaper contract.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

Eventually, the two sides reached agreement on an agreement covering the next two years.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

2009 — Intact Season New head coach Mike Singletary announced Smith would fight again for the starter spot with Shaun Hill, but the fight was eventually taken to his name by Hill.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

The organization also became its fifth offensive coordinator in five years, as the offensive plans of Mike Martz, who held the position in 2008, did not coincide at all with the new head coach.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

[20] Jimmy Raye II, who had experience in the NFL as a player and coach since 1968, and had been on the 49ers coaching roster once before, in the 1977 season, was hired for the position.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

In Week Seven, with the 49ers going into halftime with a 0-21 loss against the Houston Texans, Smith got his chance.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

He threw three field goals (all to inner wide receiver Vernon Davis) but failed to lift his team all the way to the win, with the match ending 21-24 for the Texans.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

For the rest of the season he was the number one quarterback on his team, and despite having only two wins on balance in the first seven games, he still played the best season of his career up to that point.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

In Week 13 against division opponent Seattle Seahawks, Smith threw for the first time in his career in a game for more than three hundred yards.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

In 11 games, Smith threw for a total of 2,350 yards and 18 touchdowns.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

Smith was an expert commentator for the UK public broadcaster BBC on the channel's Super Bowl broadcast.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

[21] 2010 - Disgust from the public for the 2010 season, Smith started as the 49ers' number one quarterback.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

Following the transfer of the team's second quarterback, as well as previous starter Shaun Hill, to the Detroit Lions, the 49ers quarterbacks were now Smith, David Carr from the New York Giants, as well as the previous year's fifth-round draft pick Nate Davis.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

Davis, though, was moved before the start of the regular season from the lineup to the practice squad out of the way of Troy Smith, who was acquired from the Baltimore Ravens.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

For the first time in his career, Smith got to start a new season with the same offensive coordinator as the previous season, after Jimmy Raye was allowed to continue in his position.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

Smith was named to the team captain.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

In the first game, the 49ers faced their archrival, the Seattle Seahawks, and the match turned into a disaster for both Smith and the preseason favorite 49ers.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

The final result was a 31-6 win for the home team.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

[22] In the second round of matchups, the 49ers played against the reigning champion New Orleans Saints, led by quarterback Drew Brees.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

Despite facing a significantly tougher opponent than the week before, Smith clearly improved his game, and the 49ers battled for the win of the match until the very last seconds.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

However, Saints' kicker Garrett Hartley settled the match with a kick goal two seconds before the end of the match.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

The events of the following games were a repeat of the first two games, with the 49ers first losing to the weaker Kansas City Chiefs by fair difference, and after this preseason the stronger Atlanta Falcons only beat the 49ers on a last-minute kickoff goal.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

[23] In week five, the 49ers, led by Smith, went off to claim an opening win and, in the process, snapping a four-match losing streak.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

The match got off to a good start when, at the end of the first attack, Smith threw a seven-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Michael Crabtree.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

After this, however, trouble began and eventually, after a cut-off pass and a scuffle, the home crowd at Candlestick Park began booing whenever Smith stepped onto the pitch, and shouting “We want Carr!”.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

David Carr was already on hand to step onto the field when Smith got into a fiery exchange of words with head coach Singletary.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

However, this gave Smith one more try, which he managed to use to his advantage, and led his team still involved in a fight for the win of the match.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

Ultimately, the 49ers lost the match, however, 27-24.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

[24] The following week, the 49ers faced the Carolina Panthers on an away field.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

Smith started reasonably well, but in the third quarter Panthers outer defense lineman Charles Johnson sacked Smith, and as he fell, he took support with his left hand.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

Unluckily for Smith, a tear came to his elbow that kept him sidelined for the next three games, including a match against the Denver Broncos in London, at the new Wembley Stadium.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

After understudy David Carr failed badly to replace Smith against the Panthers, the 49ers starter in the season underwent Troy Smith, who managed to win his first two games, and seemed like he would become a regular starter.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

[25] However, the third game against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers ended after an unhappy performance in the Buccaneers' 21-0 victory, the 49ers going scoreless for the first time on their home court in 33 years.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

This again raised speculation about a starter heading into Monday's game against division opponent Arizona Cardinals.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

Troy Smith, however, continued in the starter spot, and managed to lead the 49ers to a clear 27-6 win.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

However, this was not enough to save his position, as after a match lost to future Super Bowl winner Green Bay Packers, he was allowed to make room for Alex Smith, who had recovered from his elbow injury.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

This was successful in leading the team to victory in their return match, but with losses in the next two matches, relegation from further games was ensured.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

Prior to the final, virtually meaningless game against Arizona, the team's head coach Mike Singletary was fired, and replaced on an interim basis by defensive coordinator Jim Tomsula.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

Led by Tomsula, the 49ers ended their season triumphantly.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

After the season, it looked strongly as if Smith would switch company after his contract expired, and he himself in an interview stated a change of scenery was in order.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

2011 - Cinderella story Smith's mind changed when Jim Harbaugh, chosen as the new head coach, told him he wanted Smith back, if possible.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

When the 49ers didn't use their first-round pick on a first-class quarterback, say, Blaine Gabbert or, Jake Locker, Smith's return was virtually assured.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

However, due to the NFL lockout, Smith was unable to immediately sign a new contract with the club, but despite this, he was one of the players who organized team workouts during the lockout.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

[26] Smith was the baseline 49ers' undisputed number one quarterback, behind him in the second round from the University of Nevada reserved rookie Colin Kaepernick.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

In the opening game against division opponent Seattle Seahawks, the 49ers took away the win, but the second game against the Dallas Cowboys ended in a dramatic 27-24 overtime loss, after Cowboys kicker Dan Bailey levelled the match three seconds before the end.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

Following the Cowboys loss, the 49ers lost only two games, in Week 12 against the Baltimore Ravens as well as two weeks later against the Arizona Cardinals.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

The final balance became 13 wins and three losses, which was enough to guarantee the Niners their first playoff berth since 2002.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

Smith's season was also a gigantic success on a personal level, as he managed to break almost all of his own records.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

Despite this, however, Smith was still considered a weak link for the 49ers, most of the credit to a defense that, under Patrick Willis, played an outstanding season.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

With an excellent regular season performance, the 49ers advanced directly to the second round, pitting against the settled New Orleans Saints and setting a new record for yards thrown by star quarterback Drew Brees.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

Smith shone in his first playoff game of his career, silencing doubters with his three goals, and leading the 49ers to a 38-34 victory over the 2010 champion team.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

The settlement of the match occurred just nine seconds before the end when Smith's pass reached in the end zone for another of the game's key players, Vernon Davis, for whom the match was also the first playoff campaign of his career.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

[27] [28] In the NFC Conference Finals, the 49ers got to their home court at Candlestick Park to guest the New York Giants, who in the first two rounds defeated both the Atlanta Falcons and the reigning champion Green Bay Packers.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

The match was fairly even, but Smith failed to reach the same level as in the previous match and the 49ers ultimately suffered a bitter overtime defeat.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

[29] [30] At the conclusion of the season, Smith finished third in the comeback player of the year voting, with the victory taken by Detroit Lions quarterback Matthew Stafford.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

Smith received seven votes, a total of 50 voters.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

[31] 2012 - Dripping as an understudy Smith became a free player in the summer of 2012, following the end of his one-year contract.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

Initially, both sides expressed willingness to strike a new, more moneyed deal, but that changed after the 49ers publicly became interested in star quarterback Peyton Manning, who left the Indianapolis Colts.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

[32] On the treatment he received as an injury, Smith also decided to start looking at other options, and was in contract negotiations with the Miami Dolphins, among others.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

[33] Ultimately, however, Manning decided to contract with the Denver Broncos [34], and shortly thereafter Smith and the 49ers entered into a three-year contract, which was worth a total of $33 million with bonuses.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

[35] Smith's starter position was essentially cemented, with Kaeperncik serving as his understudy.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

[36] Also, reinforcements were acquired for the wide receivers criticized the previous season when the reigning champion New York Giants became available player Mario Manningham [37], and controversial if undeniably talented veteran Randy Moss decided to return to the playing field in the 49ers ranks for one after a seasonal sabbatical.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

[38] The 49ers, led by Smith, started the season well.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

In a game against the Arizona Cardinals, Smith managed 18 throws and failed only one, setting a new record for the success percentage of a quarterback who threw more than 15 times in a single game.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

[39] In the following match, however, he suffered a mild concussion, and was sidelined for the next match.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

With Smith sidelined, understudy Colin Kaepernick managed to convince coaching management of his skills, and was allowed to keep the starter's spot after Smith was greeted to playing fitness.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

Under Kaepernick's leadership, the 49ers advanced beyond the previous season, to the Super Bowl, where the team nonetheless lost to the Baltimore Ravens.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

Kansas City Chiefs 2013 - Success on a new team with Kaepernick taking over the 49ers starter spot for himself, it soon became clear that Smith would be changing teams before the 2013 season.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

In the end, the Kansas City Chiefs, who sought a number one quarterback the previous season to replace unsuccessful Matt Cassel, acquired Smith from San Francisco, in exchange for two reserve innings.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

Under Smith, as well as new head coach Andy Reid, the previous year's league jumbo started brilliantly, and was last as the team without losses.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

This reinforced Smith's reputation as a quarterback capable of winning when other aspects of the team are fit.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

Reid also used Smith's running skills to considerably more advantage than earlier in his pro career.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

The Chiefs' final balance in the regular season became 11 wins and 5 losses, which was finally enough to lightly clinch a playoff spot.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

In the wild card round, the Indianapolis Colts positioned themselves as the Chiefs' opponent.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

The Chiefs and Smith started the match brilliantly, and were at their best already 28 points ahead of their opponent.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

However, the Colts managed to completely crush the injury-plagued Chiefs defense in the second period, eventually winning the match by a single point, 44-45.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

At issue was the second-largest “comeback” in the playoffs in NFL history.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

[40] Style of play Smith often uses the term “game manager”, which typically refers to a quarterback who keeps matches under team control but is unable to win without good performance from the rest of the team.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

With his good performances in the last couple of years, however, Smith has partly been able to dislodge himself from that reputation.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

[41] Smith's strengths include playing intelligence that is NFL elite and good short throws.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

Plus, his athlete and running ability is better than his reputation.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

As a weakness, Smith has a tendency to play overcautiously many times.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

Moreover, his throwing power is not at a premium, and Smith's ability to throw long throws has been questioned a lot.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

He is at his most effective on a team whose strategy includes short, fast throws as well as a strong running game.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Son

Amend Smith married, in the spring of 2009, Elizabeth Barry, a former Oakland Raiders cheerleader.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Sudden

The couple's first child together, son Hudson was born in May 2011.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Sudden

[42] The Alex Smith Foundation, the aid organization that bears Smith's name, supports young people raised in family homes through various programs as they grow up and find a place to study.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Sudden

The organization has been operating since 2009.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Sudden

[43] He also served as one of the volunteer helpers in the search for Sierra LaMar, a 15-year-old teenage girl missing around San Francisco Bay in April 2012.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Sudden

[44] Smith served as the caddie for 49ers head coach Jim Harbaugh during the 2012 AT&T Pebble Beach National Pro-Am, at the famous Pebble Beach field in California.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Sudden

In an interview, Harbaugh stated the two sides would switch roles in the following year's tournament.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Sudden

[45] American website SportingNews named Smith the 11th smartest athlete in American professional series.


Question: Where did Garret Stafford finish his pro career?

Alex Sudden

[46] Career Statistics University ThrowsRunning SeasonTeam MatchsSuccessesAttempts%Jaardittd:T2002Utah Utes22450,04012-1102003Utah Utes1117326665,0224715314945252004Utah Utes1321431767,5295232413563110Total2638958766,35203478286107215 Professional Career Regular Season ThrowsRunning SeasonTeam MatchesSuccessBusiness% Jaardittd:tInterruptionCompaniesJaardittd:T2005San Francisco 49ers98416550,98751113010302006San Francisco 49ers1625744258,12,890164314722007San Francisco 49ers79419348,791424138902008San Francisco 49ers00000000002007San Francisco 49ers00000000002007San Francisco 49ers00000000002007San Francisco 49ers00000000002007San Francisco 49ers00000000002007San Francisco 49ers00000000San Francisco 49ers1122537260,52,3501812245102010San Francisco 49ers1120434259,62,3701410186002011San Francisco 49ers1627344561,33,1441755217922012San Francisco 49ers1015321870,21,7371353113202013Kansas City Chiefs1530850860,63,313237764311Total 951,5982,68559,59,6859,59,6859,59,59,63,313237764311Total 17,593104702881,1925 Playoffs ThrowsRunning SeasonTeam MatchsSuccessesAttempts%Yardittd:TPassetrysYardittD:T2011San Francisco 49ers2366852,94955077012013Kansas City Chiefs1304665,2378408570Total36611457,987390151271 See also List of NFL's number one reserves Sources on the topic elsewhere Category:American American football players Category:Born in 1984 Class:Living persons


Question: When is Pixar founded?

Pixar

Pixar is an American animation studio specializing in computer animation.


Question: When is Pixar founded?

Pixar

The company originated in Lucasfilm's digital animation division.


Question: When is Pixar founded?

Pixar

Steve Jobs, one of Apple's co-founders, bought the division from George Lucas in 1986.


Question: When is Pixar founded?

Pixar

[1] Jobs and Edwin Catmull created a new company on that basis.


Question: When is Pixar founded?

Pixar

Pixar initially sought to develop computer systems suitable for demanding use, but in this the company was poorly successful.


Question: When is Pixar founded?

Pixar

Instead, the short animations made by John Lasseter to showcase the system aroused great infatuation.


Question: When is Pixar founded?

Pixar

The best known of these short films is Luxo Jr., whose lead character also appears in Pixar's emblem.


Question: When is Pixar founded?

Pixar

Pixar's success story began when the company entered into a deal with Disney to produce feature-length animated films.


Question: When is Pixar founded?

Pixar

Pixar is not only an animation studio, but also a developer of animation technology.


Question: When is Pixar founded?

Pixar

The company's modeling program, RenderMan, is used to finish special effects for several films.


Question: When is Pixar founded?

Pixar

The programme has been used in the Lord of the Rings film trilogy, the Matrix films and, naturally, Pixar's own animated films.


Question: When is Pixar founded?

Pixar

On January 24, 2006, The Walt Disney Company announced it would acquire Pixar for $7.4 billion.


Question: When is Pixar founded?

Pixar

Under the agreement, Steve Jobs became a member of Disney's board of directors and the single largest owner.


Question: When is Pixar founded?

Pixar

Pixar remained a partially separate entity, and the films it made were given the brand Disney Pixar.


Question: When is Pixar founded?

Pixar

Featured animated films Toy Story — Toy Life (Toy Story, 1995) The Life of a Bug (A Bug's Life, 1998) Toy Story 2 (1999) Monsters Ltd (Monsters, Inc.


Question: When is Pixar founded?

Pixar

2001) In Search of Nemo (Finding Nemo, 2003) The Incredibles (The Incredibles, 2004) Cars (Cars, 2006) Rottatouille (Ratatouille, 2007) WALL-E (2008) Up — Towards Heights (Up, 2009) Toy Story 3 (2010) Cars 2 (Cars 2, 2011) Brave (Brave, 2012) Monsters University (Monsters University, 2013) Inside Out — Mind Matters (Inside Out, 2015) A decent dinosaur (The Good Dinosaur, 2015) In Search of Doria (Finding Dory, 2016) Cars 3 (Cars 3, 2017) Coco (2017) Incredibles 2 (The Incredibles 2, 2018) Toy Story 4 (2019) Onward (2020) Short animations The Adventures of André and Wally B (The Adventures of André and Wally B., 1984), also in connection with the Toy Story DVD, Luxo Jr.


Question: When is Pixar founded?

Pixar

(Luxo Jr., 1986) was shown in cinemas in connection with Toy Story 2 in connection with Red's uni (Red's Dream, 1987) Toy Story DVD in Europpa Tin Toy (Tin Toy, 1988) was released in a special edition of the VHS version of Toy Story in America as Knick Knack (Knick Knack, 1989) edited version was shown in cinemas in connection with Light & Heavy in search of Nemo (Light & Heavy, 1991) Surprise (Surprise, 1991) Ger's game (Geri's Game, 1997) was shown in cinemas in connection with the film Life of the Bug, Birds (For the Birds, 2000) was shown in cinemas in cinemas in connection with Monsterit Oy, Mas's new car (Mike's New Car, 2002) was released on Monsterit Oy VHS and DVD Rhytmisatu (Boundin', 2003) was shown in cinemas in connection with the Incredibles Jaska's blow (Jack-Jack Attack, 2005) was released on Incredibles- On DVD The One Man Band (2005) was shown in cinemas in connection with the Cars film Martti and the ghost light (Mater and the Ghostlight, 2006) was released on Cars DVD Kidnapped (Lifted, 2006) was shown in cinemas in connection with Rottatouille Rat, Friend ( Your Friend the Rat, 2007) was released on Rottatouille DVD by Presto, 2008 was shown in cinemas in connection with the Wall•e film BURN-E, 2008 was released on Wall•e DVD Half Cloudy (Partly Cloudy, 2009) was shown in cinemas with Up — Towards the Heights in connection with Dog's secret mission (Dug's Special Mission, 2009) was released on the Up — Towards Heights DVD Cars Pätkis: Martin's Story Stable (Cars Toon: Mater's Tall Tales, 2008—2010) a 9-part TV series primarily about Mart.


Question: When is Pixar founded?

Pixar

Released on DVD.


Question: When is Pixar founded?

Pixar

One part, Tokyo-Martti (Tokyo Mater), was shown in cinemas in connection with the Bolt film.


Question: When is Pixar founded?

Pixar

Day and Night (Day & Night, 2010) was shown in cinemas in connection with Toy Story 3, Toy Story: Hawaiian holiday (Hawaiian vacation, 2011) was shown in cinemas in conjunction with the Cars 2 film La Luna, 2012 was shown in cinemas in connection with the film Valhea Sources Category:Disney Company Category:Animation Studios Category:US Film Companies Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: What is India's Independence Day?

Indian Independence Day

India celebrates the country's Independence Day every year on 15 August.


Question: What is India's Independence Day?

Indian Independence Day

In August 1947, British India gained independence from the United Kingdom and the partition of India was carried out, leaving the country divided into India and Pakistan.


Question: What is India's Independence Day?

Indian Independence Day

In January 1950, with the unveiling of the new constitution, India became a belonging republic of the Commonwealth.


Question: What is India's Independence Day?

Indian Independence Day

Another significant day in India is Republic Day, celebrated on 26 January.


Question: What is India's Independence Day?

Indian Independence Day

[1] [2] Independence Day is a public holiday in India.


Question: What is India's Independence Day?

Indian Independence Day

The dents and most establishments remain closed.


Question: What is India's Independence Day?

Indian Independence Day

Normally on Independence Day, the country's president delivers a speech in Delhi's Red Fort, followed by the raising of the country's flag in the salko and the Prime Minister's speech.


Question: What is India's Independence Day?

Indian Independence Day

The custom has its origins after the country's first prime minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, hoisted the flag in a salko at the Red Fort.


Question: What is India's Independence Day?

Indian Independence Day

To mark Independence Day, schools and institutions are also flagging.


Question: What is India's Independence Day?

Indian Independence Day

Independence Day customs also include the flying of kites, which represent the free spirit of the country.


Question: What is India's Independence Day?

Indian Independence Day

[1] [2] Sources Category:Indian holidays


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

Cereals are seed plants belonging to grasses (Poaceae or Gramineae) which are grown or cultivated for their nutritional seeds, or grains.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

Botanically, the grains are dry, single-seeded achenes.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

Grain is the world's most important nutritional resource, as it is grown on Earth more than any other group of dietary plants.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

It also gives people more nutrition than any other group of nutrients.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

In some developing countries, poor people eat almost solely grain.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

In developed countries, grain accounts for a smaller share of human nutrition, but still significant.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

Although there are differences in different types of cereals, their cultivation is, in principle, quite similar.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

All are annual grasses: with one sowing, one crop is obtained.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

There are often two types of cereals in cold regions: September and spring cereals.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

Most of the nutritional content of cereals is carbohydrate, but they also contain a significant amount of protein, although its amino acid composition is not optimal for human nutrition.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

Whole grain cereals is a good source of fiber, some useful fatty acids, vitamins and other trace elements.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

[1] The history of growing wheat from cereals goes back the longest: its cultivation is considered to have begun as early as 10,000 years ago.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

Cultivation of cereals Spring cereals The benefits of spring cereals are that potential tillage can be done in spring, when land erosion does not occur in winter, or it is significantly less pronounced.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

[2] The downside is that in dry early summers the yield of spring cereals is inferior to that of autumn cereals.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

[3] Autumn Cereals The benefits of autumn cereals are that in dry early summers the harvest is better than that of spring cereals.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

[3] Autumn cereals become threshed faster than spring cereals, because a sufficient amount of heat can be recovered more quickly, as there is no need to wait for the field to dry out.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

The disadvantage is greater erosion compared to spring cereals, as possible tillage needs to be done in autumn [2] and winter yields loss.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

Cereals Well-known varieties of spring cereals Spring wheat: Quarna, Demonstrant and Anniina Spring Rye: Juuso and Rogo Known autumn cereal varieties Autumn wheat: Ceylon, Skagen and Sw Magnifik Sep rye: Reetta, Kws Livado, Dankowskie Agat and Su Performer Sep barley: Matros Cereals Of the twelve most important crops in the world today, five are cereals: wheat, corn, rice, barley and sorghum.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

These five grain species provide more than half of the nutritional energy at mankind's disposal.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

Cereals can be divided into two groups, depending on what is their main purpose of use.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

Some of the cereals are used directly for human consumption, mainly bread cereals, while some are mainly used for animal feeding, i.e. feed cereals.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

Bread cereals include wheat and rye, while maize, barley and oats are more used as feed cereals.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

The food crisis that has rocked the world since 2008 has been caused by the replacement of food derived from plants, especially cereals, by food of animal origin, rising oil prices and a lack of funding to support farming.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

[4] If the whole world's grain crop were to be used only to feed people, the grain crop would be sufficient to feed all mankind perfectly.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

However, more than half of the world's grain crop is used for animal feed.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

In this case, its efficiency as human consumption drops, for example, in cattle to a tenth compared to that of human consumption of cereals as such.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

Finnish cereals in Finland are mainly cultivated four types of cereals, namely barley (30% of cultivated area), oats (20%), wheat (6%) and rye (1%).


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

These areas, average yields per hectare and total yields in 2017 were as follows [5]: wheat 194,300 hectares, 4,130 kg/ha, total 802.0 million kg barley 358,300 hectares, 4,070 kg/ha, total 1,460.1 million kg oats 269,500 hectares, 3,760 kg/ha, for a total of 1,013.9 million kg rye 28,900 hectares, 3,920 kg/ha, a total of 113.5 million kg Although rye is an essential part of the Finnish diet, its willingness to grow is today weakened by the risk of cultivation.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

Rye must be sown early (at the turn of August-September), so its pre-crop must be threshed early.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

In wet summers, rye sowing may cause compaction of arable land, adversely affecting both the growing condition of the land and the expected yields.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

In addition, its wintering depends on winter weather conditions.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

Of the Finnish grain species, wheat and rye are counted as bread cereals, oats and barley as feed cereals according to their main use.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

In Finland, 80 per cent of rye, 39 per cent of wheat, 6 per cent of oats and less than 1 per cent of barley are used for human consumption.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

In this context, the use of cereals, mainly barley, for malt has not been counted as human consumption.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

Finnish cereals use 76 per cent of oats, 62 per cent of barley, 44 per cent of wheat and 0.2 per cent of rye.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

Rye's completely non-existent feed use is due to its poor suitability for animal consumption.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

Fodder maize is also grown in Finland, but its share of arable land is very small.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

Admittedly, the proportion of maize is projected to increase with climate change.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

Although climatic conditions in the future would favour Finland as a maize growing area, a barrier to cultivation is its poor adaptation to the length of the day.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

Maize requires more dark hours per day than Finland has during the growing season.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

Maize is most commonly harvested in Finland for feed.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

In this case, the entire above-ground crop is harvested from corn.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

Grain species of cereals, approximately in order of annual production: wheat or bread wheat (Triticum aestivum), temperate climate main grain rice (Oryza sativa), tropical climate main grain maize (Zea mays), North and South America and Africa's most used cereals; a lot including livestock as fodder barley (Hordeum vulgare), also sorghum used as malted barley (Sorghum bicolor), in Africa rye (Secale cereale), cold climate oats (Avena sativa), in cool crops and much also as livestock feed tephhe (Eragrostis tef), common in Ethiopia, but is rarely grown elsewhere in Native American rice (Zizania aquatica) spelt wheat (Triticum spelta), a close relative of wheat durum wheat (Triticum durum), a close relative of wheat grown predominantly in Mediterranean countries and used especially for making pastes for grain millet i.e. Millet (Panicum miliaceum) Italian pantahay or cob millet (Setaria italica) pearl millet, or Negro millet (Pennisetum glaucum) feather millet (Pennisetum sp.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

), Africa and Asia Occasionally, a few crops belonging to tribes other than grasses are sometimes included in cereals.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

Such are buckwheat, quinoa and amaranth.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

However, they do not meet the definition of cereals, so they are so-called pseudo- or false cereals.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

There is also often talk of legumes, which refer to some cultivated pea crops, but even these do not meet the definition of cereals.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

The cereals in the name referred more to their nature as crops.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

Cereals as an export product The total crop of cereals in Finland is approximately 3.5 to 4 billion kilograms, of which 400 to 600 million kilograms are exported to the world in a normal year.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

Most exports are oats, which are exported, among other things, to the United States for horse feed.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

Barley is exported to Saudi Arabia, Syria and North Africa for feed use.


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

[6] Trace element content Trace element and vitamin B losses are highest in white wheat flour (table).


Question: How long does it take to grow grain?

Cereals

[7] Trace element content in flour compared to whole grain (unenriched flour): Sources * Category:Key articles in screening


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

Japan (or Nippon, officially 山, Nihon koku or Nippon koku) is an island nation in the Pacific Ocean in East Asia.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

It is located east of China, the Korean Peninsula and Russia, extending from the Sea of Ohotan in the north to the East China Sea in the south.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The spelling signs that make up the name of the earth mean “root of the sun” or “source of the sun”, which is why Japan is sometimes referred to as the “land of the rising sun”.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The capital and largest population center of Japan is Tokyo.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

Japan consists of over 3000 islands, [1] the largest of which are Honshū, Hokkaidō, Kyūshū and Shikoku.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The vast majority of the islands are mountainous and many are also volcanic; for example, Japan's highest mountain peak, Fuji, is a volcano.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The country has the 10th largest population in the world, at more than 127 million people.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The Greater Tokyo Region, which includes the city of Tokyo and several surrounding prefectures, is the world's largest metropolitan area with over 30 million inhabitants.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

According to archaeological research, the islands of Japan have been inhabited as early as the Late Paleolithic period.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The first recorded mentions of Japan occur in Chinese texts from the first century.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

Since introducing its current constitution in 1947, Japan has been a constitutional monarchy with an emperor and an elected parliament.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

Today, Japan is a superpower with the world's third-largest economy, as measured by gross domestic product adjusted for purchasing power parity.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The country is a member of the United Nations, the G8 and APEC.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

History The history of Japan is traditionally divided into periods, of which there are 13 or more, and their subsections.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The last four seasons, from the mid-19th century, have corresponded to the reigns of emperors.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The current ongoing season is the Heisei season.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

Prehistory The first inhabitants of the Japanese archipelago in the Paeolithic period were hunter-gatherers who most likely arrived from Korea and Northeast Asia.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The Paleolithic settlement of Japan is most commonly dated to have begun more than 10000—30000 years ago.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

[2] A wave of migration from Polynesia to the southern parts of the country has also been considered possible.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

[3] The first signs of civilization appeared in the region around 10000 BCE.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

With the onset of the Jōmon culture.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

Characteristic features of the culture included a Mesolithic Neolithic, partially stationary hunter-gatherer lifestyle, and rudimentary agriculture.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

Earthware from this period, often decorated with patterns printed with braided or straight strings, are among the oldest surviving pottery in the world.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

[4] The Yayoi period following the Jōmon period began around the 200th century BCE.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

Kyūshūlla gradually spreading northwards.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The period is known, like the Jōmon period, for its pottery, which was more technologically advanced and less decorated than in the past.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

Rice farming arrived in Japan from mainland Asia at the beginning of the period or late Jōmon period; in addition, bronze and iron making, cloth weaving, and a new method of burial arrived on the islands.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The Yayoi culture was the first culture based entirely on agriculture in Japan.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

[2] [5] The Japanese first appeared in written history in the Chinese Book of the Later Han Dynasty in the first century, when the name “Wa” was used for the country.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

In the Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms, the islands in the 13th century share.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

of located Yamataikoku State, which is thought to have been located either in northern Kyūshūn or central Honshūn.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

[2] In the Kofun period, which began in the 200th century, the Yamato clan emerged as a key political player in Japan and the unification of the previously fragmented country began.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

By the end of the 3rd century, Yamato had emerged as an established kingdom with links to Korea and China.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The Kofun period takes its name from the gigantic burial mounds that were paved with haniwa sculptures.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

With the decline of the Yamato state in the 5th century, Buddhism began to arrive in Japan through the Korean Kingdom of Baekje.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

[2] [5] Classical Period The embrace of Buddhism brought about major, fundamental changes in Japanese society.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

In the Asuka period 538—710, the culture adopted from China included a new writing system in addition to literature, art, philosophy and science.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

In the early 6th century, Prince Shōtoku significantly modernized Japanese rule, strengthening the central government and the status of Buddhism: Hōryū-ji, founded around the year 607, is the oldest surviving Buddhist temple in Japan.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

Shōtoku's reforms were followed in the mid-6th century by the Magic Reforms, in which the emperor's power was further increased at the expense of the nobility.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The reforms initiated the genesis of the ritsuryō law system.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

[2] [5] In 710, with the change of emperor previously displaced by the change of emperor, the capital of Japan was moved to Nara, where it remained for 75 years.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The Nara period, which began, particularly marked the flourishing of Buddhist culture.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

Emperor Shōmu and Empress Kōmyō played a pivotal role in this; Shōmu's most significant construction project was the huge Tōdai-ji Temple at Nara.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

Literature that emerged in the Nara period includes the major early 7th-century chronicles Kojiki and Nihonshoki, and a collection of over 4000 poems by Man'yōshū.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The chronicles created a link between the imperial family and the sun goddess Amaterasu to legitimize the emperor's rule and prolonged Japan's history, elevating its importance in the eyes of the Chinese and Koreans.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

[2] [5] In 784, Emperor Kanmu moved the capital first for ten years to Nagaoka-kyōho and then to Heian-kyōho, present-day Kyoto, in order to limit the power of Nara's strengthened Buddhist clergy.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The capital remained in Kyoto for more than a thousand years.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

During the Heian period, the culture and prosperity of the Japanese court reached its peak while its political and military power regressed.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

After Japan had severed its formal relations with China at the end of the 8th century, a new and original culture known for its art, poetry and literature began to develop in the country.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

Among the most notable works of literature of the time is the story of Genji, written around the year 1000 by Murasaki Shikibu.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

Three original Buddhist sects also emerged in the country, Tendai and Shingon founded by monks who studied Chinese, and later Jōdo-shū, the Japanese branch of Pure Earth Buddhism.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

In Japanese politics, the Fujiwara clan achieved a strong position from the mid-8th century onwards.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

Towards the end of the period, the intensifying samurai class began to gain power in the provinces, gradually moving to the capital.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

At the end of the 12th century, as Fujiwara rule waned, a power struggle between the Taira and Minamoto clans culminated in the Genpei War, which the Minamoto clan won.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

[2] [5] Feudal Period In 1185, Minamoto no Yoritomo established his government in Kamakura, marking the beginning of a reign lasting until the 19th century by the samurai class and shōgunate.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

However, full military power in the Kamakura period was not achieved; instead, the shōgun and the emperor ruled Japan jointly.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

After Yoritomo's death, the Shōgunate passed to the control of the Hōjō clan.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

Monk Eisai brought Zen Buddhism to Japan after his return from China in the late 12th century.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

In 1274 and 1281, Japan managed to repel two major Mongol invasions; the shōgunate received aid both times from typhoons, which were designated as the “wind of the gods” (kamikaze).


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

However, events badly destabilized the Kamakura government, and finally in 1333 Emperor Go-Daigo toppled the shōgunate in the Kemmu Restoration.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

However, his ally Ashikaga Takauji turned against the emperor and established the Ashikaga shōgunate in 1336.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

[6] [5] Emperor Go-Daigo established a rival court south of Kyoto, and for 60 years political power was divided in Japan between the two entities.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The Ashikaga shōgunate, whose reign period is called the Muromachi period, was weaker than its predecessor and unable to control rival daimies.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

In 1467, unrest erupted into the Ōnin War, which lasted for eleven years.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The Hundred Years' Warlike era that followed is called the Sengoku Period, in the middle of which, in the middle of the 16th century, the first Europeans arrived in Japan.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

During the Nanban trade period, European products became popular and Jesuit missionaries arrived in the country.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

New weapons technology brought by the Europeans quickly revolutionized Japanese warfare.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

[5] [6] The unification of the country as unifiers of Japan are named three men who influenced the late 16th century: Oda Nobunaga, who received a mission from the emperor to unify Japan; Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who already ruled the entire country; and Tokugawa Ieyasu, who understood those who arrived from Europe the importance of firearms and established a shōgunate in Edo.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

[7] Using European technology, Oda Nobunaga succeeded in defeating several other daimies and gaining control of their fiefdoms, either directly or indirectly.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

Nobunaga's war expedition brought Japan close to unification, but he was assassinated in 1582.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who succeeded Nobunaga, succeeded in the task by 1590.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

In the 1590s, Hideyoshi twice invaded Korea, however, having to withdraw at the first time.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The second invasion was cut off by Hideyoshi's death in 1598.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

He was succeeded by Tokugawa Ieyasu, who defeated his rival at the Battle of Sekigahara.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

Ieyasu founded the Tokugawa shōgunate in Edo in 1603, marking the beginning of a long and peaceful Edo period.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

[8] The administration of the Edo period in the Edo period, daimies were governed by the sankin kōtai system.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

In the 1630s, the Shōgunate introduced an isolationist sakoku policy under which all Europeans except the Dutch were expelled from the country and the practice of Christianity was banned.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The reclusive Edo period formed a stark contrast to the expansionist Sengoku period and had a profound effect on Japan.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

Despite conservative feudalism, the economy, culture and cities developed strongly.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

Sakoku policy did not prevent Western science from being transmitted to Japan in the form of rangaku doctrines through the Dejima trade island; kokugaku, the study of Japan, also became popular.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

In the early 19th century, the shōgunate began to weaken under the influence of decades of economic and social problems.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

[8] In the modern period on March 31, 1854, Commodore Matthew Perry of the United States Navy succeeded in “blackening with his ships” in ending Japan's isolationist policy with the Treaty of Kanagawa.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

It was followed by similar agreements negotiated with other Western powers.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The Boshin War of 1868—1869 resulted in the abolition of the shōgunate and the return of power to the emperor: the Meiji Restoration marked a complete political and social revolution.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The abolition of feudalism and class society, the adoption of Western institutions and the legal system, and industrialization made Japan a modern superpower by the beginning of the 20th century.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The period of more radical reforms ended with the introduction of the Meiji Constitution in 1889 — although a Prussian-style constitution gave a considerable amount of power to the emperor, his counterweight was for the first time a parliament.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

Itō Hirobumi rose to become the country's first prime minister a few years earlier.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

[9] Modernized Japan began at the end of the 19th century to compete militarily against the aspirations of Western powers in Asia.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

At the same time as several other countries in East Asia also became colonies of European countries, Japan emerged as a great power and began to expand its sphere of power itself.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The reef teasers were annexed to Japan in 1879.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

In the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894—1895, Japan gained Taiwan from China, and in the Russo-Japanese War of 1904—1905, Japan defeated a European superpower as the first Asian country.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

As a result of the war, Japan gained from Russia the southern part of Sakhalin and virtually free rein to retake Korea five years later.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

In World War I, Japan joined the side of the victorious Allies and was thus able to expand its sphere of influence.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The brief liberal-leaning period of Taishō democracy of the 1910s and 1920s did not form a significant counterweight to the growing militarism.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

In 1923, the Great Kantō earthquake destroyed a significant partition of Tokyo, and by the late 1920s Japan was mired in economic depression.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

Economic difficulties increased the popularity of expansionist militarism and in the 1930s led to a transfer of power to the military.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

[9] In 1931, Japan occupied Manchuria and separated two years later from the League of Nations following its required Japanese withdrawal.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

In 1936, Japan entered into the Anticomintern Treaty with Germany and later Italy, and joined the Axis powers in 1941.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

In the summer of 1937, with the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War, Japanese forces began to advance deeper and deeper into China.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The occupation of Indochina in 1940 opened the way for advancement further into Southeast Asia.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The United States responded to Japan's actions with an oil embargo.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked the United States' Pearl Harbor naval base in Hawaii, drawing the United States into World War II.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

Eventually, in 1945, the United States bombed Hiroshima and Nagasaki with nuclear weapons, and the Soviet Union declared war on Japan, which surrendered to the Allies without conditions on September 2, 1945.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The war cost Japan millions of lives and left the country's infrastructure, as well as almost every major city, devastated.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The Allies established a war crimes tribunal to prosecute Japan's wartime leaders for war crimes, for example the Nanking Massacre.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

[5] [9] After the war, the Allies — effectively the United States under Douglas MacArthur's leadership — occupied Japan until 1952.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The occupation period meant rapid and radical political and social changes for Japan.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The most significant reform was a new constitution, ratified in 1947, which denied Japan the establishment of an army, stripped the emperor of political power, gave women the right to vote, and established a bicameral parliament.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

Economic reforms, such as the Great Land Reform, helped Japan's democratization.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The country was admitted to membership of the United Nations in 1956.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The unprecedented economic boom that began with the Korean War of the 1950s—1970s, dubbed Japan's economic miracle, led to rapid urbanization, industrialization, and the emergence of a modern consumer society.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

By the 1980s, Japan had become one of the world's largest economies.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

In the early 1990s, the country's so-called “bubble economy” burst, and Japan was mired in a recession lasting several years; the economic situation did not begin to improve until the 2000s.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

Rapid growth and urbanisation of living standards have been accompanied by a rapid slowdown in population growth and an ageing population, internationalisation and westernization.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

In politics, since the 1950s, Japan was ruled almost continuously by the conservative LDP.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

[10] Politics and Governance Domestic politics Japan is a constitutional monarchy.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

Japan's constitution defines the Japanese Emperor, acting as a ceremonial figurehead, as a “symbol of state and popular unity” and has had almost no political power since World War II.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

In practice, the emperor acts like Japan's head of state on diplomatic occasions.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The current and 125th emperor is Akihito, who ascended the throne upon the death of his father Hirohito in 1989.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The real political power rests with the Japanese prime minister and the parliament elected by the people.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

[11] According to the Constitution of Japan, supreme power is vested in the people of Japan, who elect their elected representative to the parliament.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The bicameral parliament () is the sole legislative body of Japan.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

It consists of a 480-seat Lower or House of Representatives () and a 242-seat upper house ().


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

Elections to the House of Commons are held every four years or when the Prime Minister has dissolved the House of Commons.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

Of the representatives, 300 are elected from single-representative constituencies and 180 by proportional representation from 11 constituencies.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

Members of the House of Lords are elected for six-year terms, half every three years.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

Of them, 96 are elected by proportional representation from a country-wide constituency, and the rest from constituencies equivalent to Japan's 47 prefectures.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

In elections to both the House of Commons and the House of Lords, therefore, two votes are cast, one for the party (proportional representation) and the other for an individual candidate.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

All people aged 20 and over are entitled to vote.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

Unlike the House of Commons, the House of Lords cannot be dissolved.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

[12] Executive power is exercised by the Government of Japan, which may consist of up to 17 ministers and is headed by the Prime Minister.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

He is elected from among the members of parliament and is then appointed to his office by the Emperor of Japan.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The Prime Minister must enjoy the confidence of the House of Representatives


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

[12] The current Prime Minister is Shinzō Abe.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The conservative Liberal Democratic Party of Japan (LDP) was in power almost continuously from 1955 until 2009 — an exception formed by a brief coalition government of opposition parties in 1993.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The most prominent opposition party was the long social-liberal Democratic Party of Japan (DPJ), which took a landslide victory in parliamentary elections in 2009, ending the LDP's long reign.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

Other notable parties include the Kōmeitō, the Communist Party of Japan, and the Social Democratic Party.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

[13] [14] Judiciary Historically, Japan's legal system was based on Chinese law.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

During the Edo period, it developed independently through text collections such as Kujikata osadamegak.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

Since the late 19th century, the country's legal system has largely been based on European, especially French and German, legal law.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

For example, Minpō's civil law, introduced in 1896, is based on German law, which in turn was based on Roman law.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

It is still in use with alterations made after World War II.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

[15] The body of Japanese law is formed by a collection of six statutes by Roppō, which includes the country's constitution.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

There are four degrees in the legal system, the highest of which is the Supreme Court.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

[16] Japan has been criticized by a United Nations committee for its limited independence of the judiciary, the rarity of acquittal sentences and human rights abuses of detainees.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

[17] For example, the daiyō kangoku system, in which a suspect can be held in a police station without charge for more than 20 days, has been criticized.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

[18] Mediation is much more popular than litigation in Japan, due not only to practical problems in the functioning of the legal system, but also to cultural structures and practices such as giri.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

[19] Japan is as one of the few industrialized countries in use of the death penalty, which is practically given only for murder.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

A few people a year have been executed in Japan in recent years.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

There are a number of human rights concerns regarding the treatment of those sentenced to death.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

You can have to wait years for execution and waiting cells are not allowed to move freely except for toilet visits; prisoners are forced to spend most of their time in a sitting position.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The length of meeting times with relatives and lawyers is limited to five minutes.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The sentence might be enforced at any time with a few hours' notice.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

[20] [21] Foreign relations Japan maintains close economic and military ties with its main ally the United States.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

Security cooperation between the two countries forms a cornerstone of Japan's foreign policy.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

[22] A member of the United Nations Japan has been since 1956.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The country has been an interim member of the UN Security Council a total of 18 times, most recently in 2005-06.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

Japan is also a member of the G4 group seeking permanent membership of the Security Council.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

[23] As a member of the G8, APEC and ASEAN+3, as well as a participant country of East Asia Summit, Japan is active in the management of its international relations.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

Japan is also the second most significant donor of development aid in the world: in 2004, the country donated 0.19 percent of its GDP to development aid.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

[24] Japan has several border disputes with its neighbours: with Russia over the Southern Kuril, with South Korea over the Liancourt Islands, with China and Taiwan over the Senkaku Islands, and with China over the status of Okinotorishima.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

At the end of World War II, the Soviets occupied Manchuria, northern Korea, Sakhalin and the Kuril, the status of the last of which is still disputed.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The current dispute over the Liancourt Islands (and) has been ongoing since the 1950s, when South Korea occupied the islands.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

[25] The Senkaku Islands, in turn, lie in a potentially oil- and gas-rich area along important shipping routes.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

Japan also has a dispute with North Korea over Japanese intercepted into the country and North Korea's weapons of mass destruction program.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

Japan's war crimes during World War II are still chafing Japan's intervals, particularly with South Korea and China.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The Armed Forces of Japan are limited by Article 9 of the country's constitution, which denies the country the right to a declaration of war and the use of armed forces in resolving international disputes.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

However, Japan has practically had an armed force since the 1950s known as the Self-Defence Forces () and which are technically part of the country's police force.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The armed forces are administered by the Japanese Ministry of Defense and consist of the Self-Defence Land Forces (JGSDF), the Self-Defence Air Force (JASDF) and the Self-Defense Navy (JMSDF).


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

The budget of Japan's armed forces is less than one percent of the country's GDP, but despite this, due to the size of the country, comparatively large, at $44.3 billion in 2005.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

[26] Joining the armed forces is entirely voluntary and members of the armed forces are civilian employees by law.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

In 2006, the active duty personnel of the armed forces numbered 239,900 people.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

[27] Japan also has US bases, from which it pays US aid () about $4.5 billion a year.


Question: What year is Haruki Murakami born?

Japan

[28] Since the 1992 amendment of the law, the Self-Defence Forces have participated in humanitarian missions e.g.