Question: What does social psychology study?

Social psychology

Psychological social psychology can be done by hand from several frames of reference, not all of which are cognitive, although they are psychological social psychology, an example of which can be considered e.g. George Homans's theory of social exchange or social psychology related to health behaviors.


Question: What does social psychology study?

Social psychology

Social psychological value research (e.g. Shalom Schwartz) places in the middle ground between these Key classics of psychological social psychology include Kurt Lewin, Leon Festinger, Stanley Schachter, Solomon Asch, Donald T. Campbell, and F. H. Allport.


Question: What does social psychology study?

Social psychology

Important names in sociological social psychology include George Herbert Mead, Erving Goffman, and George Homans.


Question: What does social psychology study?

Social psychology

Kenneth J. Gergen, one of the developers of the Sociological Branch of Social Psychology, the ideas of Kenneth J. Gergen on the historical nature of social psychology research and social constructionism have spoken since the 1970s.


Question: What does social psychology study?

Social psychology

In reality, however, the division occurs more subtly.


Question: What does social psychology study?

Social psychology

Finnish social psychology has often been seen as having an emphasis on the social rather than the psychological dimension.


Question: What does social psychology study?

Social psychology

Psychological social psychology studies issues such as social cognition, attributions, attitudes, emotion, communication, morality; its development, as well as relationships between people, social groups, and intergroup relationships.


Question: What does social psychology study?

Social psychology

The study of social cognition, which has left the field of social psychology, is gradually evolving into its own discipline and social cognition is currently being studied in neurosciences, developmental psychology, cognitive sciences, and sociobiology (or evolutionary psychology).


Question: What does social psychology study?

Social psychology

Notable developers of social cognition currently notably include Susan T. Fiske, John A. Bargh, as well as Mahzarin Banaji.


Question: What does social psychology study?

Social psychology

In social psychology, bridges are built in the direction of subjects such as experimental economics, neurosciences, happiness studies, and policy studies (see.


Question: What does social psychology study?

Social psychology

Van Lange in 2007).


Question: What does social psychology study?

Social psychology

Significant social psychological studies, the Stanford Prison Experiment, led by Philip Zimbardo, showed the social situation could alter people's moral behavior.


Question: What does social psychology study?

Social psychology

Milgram's obedience experiment, in which, at the urging of authority, subjects were prepared to give the bogus test subject painful and even fatal electric shocks.


Question: What does social psychology study?

Social psychology

Asch's experiments on conformisticity showed that majority opinion led people to dispute their visual perception, too.


Question: What does social psychology study?

Social psychology

Kitty Genovese was a woman whose rape and murder was witnessed by several people and no one came to the aid of Muzafer Sheriff's Boy Camp Trials at Robber's Cave Nature Reserve.


Question: What does social psychology study?

Social psychology

Finnish social psychologists Antti Eskola Klaus Helkama Kullervo Rainio Vilma Hänninen Karmela Liebkind Klaus Weckroth Oili-Helena Ylijoki Anja Koski-Järnes Anna-Maija Pirtti-Backman Ari Haukkala Jukka Lipponen Kari Mikko Vesala Nelli Hankonen Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Burr, Vivien| title = Social Psychological Perceptions of Human| location = Tampere| publisher = Equipois| year = 2004| version = (The person in social psychology, 2002.)


Question: What does social psychology study?

Social psychology

Translated by Jyrki Vainonen| id = ISBN 951-768-126-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Helkama, Klaus & Myllyniemi, Rauni & Liebkind, Karmela| title = Introduction to Social Psychology| location = Helsinki| publisher = Edita| year = 1998| id = 9BN 51-37-2407-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hänninen, Vilma & Partanen, Jukka & Ylijoki, Oili-Helena (ed.


Question: What does social psychology study?

Social psychology

) | title = Trendsetters in Social Psychology| location = Tampere| publisher = Equipoino| year = 2001| id = ISBN 951-768-086-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lahikainen, Anja Riitta & Pirtti-Backman, Anna-Maija| title = Basics of Social Psychology| location = in Helsing| publisher = Otava| year = 2000| id = ISBN 951-1-16495-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lahikainen, Anja Riitta — Suoninen, Eero — Järventie, Irmeli — Salonen, Marko (ed.


Question: What does social psychology study?

Social psychology

) | title = Social Psychology Generation| location = Tampere| publisher = Equipoise| year = 2012| isbn = 978-951-768-405-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Schellenberg, James A.| title = Classics of Social Psychology| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 1988 | version = (Masters of social psychology, 1978.)


Question: What does social psychology study?

Social psychology

Translated by Berry Ahokas| id = ISBN 951-662-456-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Van Lange, Paul A.


Question: What does social psychology study?

Social psychology

M.


Question: What does social psychology study?

Social psychology

(ed.


Question: What does social psychology study?

Social psychology

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Question: What does social psychology study?

Social psychology

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Question: What does social psychology study?

Social psychology

On topic elsewhere * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

Hops (Humulus lupulus) is a perennial climbing beneficial and ornamental plant belonging to hemp plants (Cannabaceae).


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

It grows wild over a large area of Eurasia and North America in temperate regions.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

Hops are grown a lot in Central Europe because the lupulin resins of emi inflorescences are used in the production of beer.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

[1] Appearance and size Hops grow climbing stems several metres long, spreading along the ground as a broad, tangled crop or rise in suitable places up to six metres high along tree trunks.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

The climb is aided by small anchor-like hairs on the stem.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

[2] [3] Both the stem and leaves are rough.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

The opposite leaves are serrated, finger-divided and up to 25cm long in size.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

The bigger leaves are five-shaped, the smaller are triangular or flat.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

[4] Hops is a dioecious plant, so its stamen and emi inflorescences are found in different specimens.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

The inflorescences are leaf-rubbed.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

The trailing staminate flowers are up to more than 10cm long, many-branched and guttural.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

There are five pieces of tepals and stamens.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

After flowering, the staminate flowers wither.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

Backless emi flowers are abundant.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

They are tight-fitting in structure and stigmas they have two pieces.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

After flowering, the bracts of the emi flowers enlarge into 2—3cm long cone-like “hops”, which are strongly scented and yellowish green in colour.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

In Finland, hops bloom in July-August.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

The fruit is an achene.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

[4] However, the species makes seed extremely rarely and spreads mainly through deep ground penetrating and widespread rhizome.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

[2] Prevalence Hops have spread very widely in the world, partly with human assistance.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

It is found throughout Europe with the exception of Iceland, southern parts of the Pyrenean Peninsula and northern parts of Fennoscandia and Russia.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

From Europe, the range continues into Central Siberia and, in some places, Central Asia.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

The species is also common in the northern and central parts of Japan.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

In North America, hops are found mainly in the eastern and central parts of the continent.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

Elsewhere hops are growing in New Zealand and in some places in South America.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

[5] In Finland hops are found wild up to the height of southern Lapland.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

[4] In most of Finland, the species is an indigenous species, but some of the wild occurrences are of cultivation, especially in the northern parts of the country.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

[2] Habitat In the wild, hops are a plant of seaside, lakeside and streamside groves.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

As a farming plant that has gone wild, the species may persist for a long time in yards, former caretakers, fence-rolls and scrubland.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

[4] For example, hop pests include hop skukkönen (Hypena rostralis) and hop aphid (Phorodon humuli).


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

Use Hops mother plant has been used to make beer and mead for a very long time.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

[6] In the Middle Ages, the gruit spice mixture was more often used as a seasoning for beer, but gruit changed throughout Europe to hops between the 12th and 16th centuries.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

[7] In Finland, the first mentions of hop use are from the 14th century.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

Even in the Middle Ages, ranchers were obliged, under threat of a fine, to maintain a hops orchard.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

Until 1915, Finland had been stipulated by law how many hops were to be present in each house.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

Before the industrial production of beer began, hops were grown very commonly, and hop houses were a typical sight in farmhouses and crofter yards.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

[6] [8] [9] In the estates, hop farming may have been very extensive.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

For example, the humalisto at Herttoniemi Manor contained 200 hop salko in the 1820s.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

Many place names, such as Humallahti and Humalistonlahti, occur in Helsinki, also indicate the extent of hop cultivation.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

[8] Hops farming gradually ceased over the course of the 19th century as the brewing industry switched to using imported hops.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

[3] Today the hops used in Finnish breweries are mainly of Czech or German origin.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

[6] In Finland, the building arch, which is part of the law of 1734, according to the seventh chapter, “there must be a humalisto in every house” and must contain at least 200 hop salkos.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

Failure to act shall be subject to a fine under the same law.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

[10] In practice, this is a dead letter whose compliance is no longer required or enforced.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

Although hop farming no longer has commercial significance in Finland, it is still a common ornamental plant.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

Both parent and stamen plants are grown in the gardens.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

[4] As a medicinal plant, hops are used because of its soothing and abdominal effect.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

[9] The plant has also been used as a fibrous plant in spinning.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

[5] Hops in the production of beer In beer, hops are used to give the taste of beer bitterness and fruity aromas, for brightening and preventing spoilage.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

[8] The bitter taste of beer is given by lupulin secreted by the cob scales of unfertilized mother plant “cones”.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

[3] Different hop varieties give different types of flavor nuances.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

[11] Hops varieties Ahtanum (USA) Amarillo Brewer's Gold Cascade (US Northwest) Centennial Challenger Chinook Citra Cluster (US Northwest) Columbus Crystal First Gold Fuggles (Kent Region, England) Galena Goldings (Kent Region, England) Hallertau Hersbrucker and Mittelfrüh (Germany) Horizon Liberty (England) Lublin (Poland) Magnum Mandarina Bavaria Millennium Mount Hood Northdown (England) Northern Brewer Nugget Pacific Gem (New Zealand) Perle (Germany) Pride of Ringwood (Australia) Progress Rakau (New Zealand) Saaz (Zatec Region, Czech Republic) Santiam Select Simcoe Spalt (Germany) Sterling Strisselspalt (France) Styrian Goldings Target (England) Tettnang (Germany) Tomahawk (USA) Tradition Vanguard Warrior Willamette Zeus Photo Gallery Humala in Otto Wilhelm Thomé's work Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz (1885).


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

Hops stamen flowers.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

Hops emi flowers.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

“Cones” arising from hop emiflowers.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

Leaves of hops from young to adult.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

Sources Plants in Helsinki — From flowering stones to forest lap.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

Ed.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

Kurtto, Arto & Helynranta, Leena.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

City of Helsinki Environment Centre.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

University Printing, Helsinki 1998.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

Useful plants as color images.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

Ed.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

Rautavaara, Toivo & Tuomola, Pirkkoliisa.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

5th edition.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

WSOY, Helsinki 2002.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

Plants of Oulu.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

From Buttermilk to Pilpasuou.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

Ed.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

Kalleinen, Lassi & Ulvinen, Tauno & Vilpa, Erkki & Väre, Henry.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

Finnish Natural History Museum, Plant Museum, Norrlinia 11/City of Oulu, Oulu Region Environment Agency, publication 2/2005.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

University Weight, Helsinki 2005.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

Hiking flora.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

Ed.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

Hämet-Ahti, Leena & Suominen, Juha & Ulvinen, Tauno & Uotila, Pertti.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

Finnish Museum of Natural History, Plant Museum, Helsinki 1998.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

Health plants of Finland.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

Natural healing herbs and their secrets.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

Ed.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

Huovinen, Marja-Leena & Kanerva, Kaarina.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

Oy Chosen Palat — Reader's Digest Ab, Tampere 1982.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

ISBN 951-9078-87-8 Ålands flora.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

Ed.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

Hæggström, Carl-Adam & Hæggström, Eve.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

Second Extended Edition.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

Ekenäs Tryckeri, Ekenäs 2010.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

References Elsewhere (pdf) (in Swedish) Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

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Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

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Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

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Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

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Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

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Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops


Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

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Question: Where does the hop plant grow wildly?

Hops

Category:Hops Category:Crops Category:Beer Category:Key articles of screening Category:58.4 Tube plants


Question: What does farad mean?

Faradi

Farad (symbol F) is a unit of capacitance in the SI system.


Question: What does farad mean?

Faradi

[1] If a charge the size of a coulomb (= 1 A·s) is transferred to a farad sized capacitor, its voltage changes by volt (C = Q/U).


Question: What does farad mean?

Faradi

In other words: if the voltage of the farad capacitor changes in volts per second, an amperage current (I = C·δU/Δt) passes through the capacitor.


Question: What does farad mean?

Faradi

F = A ⋅ s V = C V = C 2 J = C 2 N ⋅ m = s 2 ⋅ C 2 m 2 ⋅ kg = s 4 ⋅ A 2 m 2 ⋅ kg {\ displaystyle {\ mbox {F}} =\,\ mathrm {\ frac {A\ cdot s} {V}} = {\ dfrac {\ mbox {C}} {\ mbox {V}}} = {\ dfrac {\ mbox {C}} ^ {2}} {\ mbox {J}} = {\ dfrac {\ mbox {C}} ^ {2}} {{\ mbox {N}}\ cdot {\ mbox {m}}}} = {\ dfrac {\ mbox {s}} ^ {2}\ cdot {\ mbox {C}} ^ {2}} {{\ mbox {m}} ^ {2}\ cdot {\ mbox {kg}}} = {\ dfrac {\ mbox {s}} ^ {4}\ cdot {mbox {\ mbox {s}} ^ {4}\ cdot {mbox {\ mbox {s}} ^ {4}\ cdot {mbox\ mbox {{A}} ^ {2}} {{\ mbox {m}} ^ {2}\ cdot {\ mbox {kg}}}} Faradi is a very large unit.


Question: What does farad mean?

Faradi

In practice, capacitances of capacitors are usually reported in millifarads (mF), microfarads (μF), nanofarads (nF), or picofarads (pF).


Question: What does farad mean?

Faradi

The unit is named after British physicist Michael Faraday.


Question: What does farad mean?

Faradi

Faraday's constant is also named after Faraday, with which farad should not be confused.


Question: What does farad mean?

Faradi

SI Coefficients Sources Class:Derivative Units of the SI


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

André Masséna, Duke of Rivoli, Prince of Essling (6 May 1758, Nice, Kingdom of Sardinia — 4 April 1817, Paris, France) [1] was a French soldier and Marshal of France who served as a commander during the French Revolutionary Wars as well as the Napoleonic Wars.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

Life and career The time of the Revolutionary Wars Masséna was the son of a merchant who was orphaned at the age of six and spent four years in his youth on the seas.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

He was not a French citizen, as his birthtown of Nice did not yet belong to France at the time.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

He joined as a volunteer in the Italian regiment of the French Army in 1775 and was promoted two years later to sergeant.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

[2] [1] He resigned from the army shortly before the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789 and settled as a merchant in Antibes, but soon joined the new French National Guard there.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

Masséna joined in 1791 the 2nd Volunteer Battalion at Var, where he became lieutenant-colonel the following year.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

He participated in the defeat of the counter-revolutionary revolt that broke out in the town of Levens in the autumn of 1792, after which his battalion was attached to the Italian army.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

Masséna was promoted in August 1793 to brigadier and soon to brigadier general.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

He was ordered to carry out the arrest of General Jean-Jacques Dortoman.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

After taking part in the Siege of Toulon in its final stages, he was promoted in December 1793 to divisional general.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

[2] Beginning in January 1794, Masséna served as commander of the right wing of the Italian army during battles against the Austrians.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

He participated in the Battle of Saorgio, capturing Garessio, the Col de Tende Pass, and Dego.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

He was forced to leave his post due to ill health in December 1794, but returned in April 1795, and took part in the November 1795 Battle of Loano.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

[2] Skilfully moving his troops through difficult terrain, Masséna became one of General Napoléon Bonaparte's most trusted officers when he took command of the Italian army in the spring of 1796.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

[1] Masséna fought alongside Bonaparte in the battles of Montenotte, Dego, Lodi, Lonato, Castiglione, Bassano, Caldiero and Arcole, among others.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

[2] He played a pivotal role in the victorious battles of Rivoli and La Favorite on successive days in January 1797, leading Bonaparte to give him the nickname l'enfant chéri de la victoire (“dear child of victory”).


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

[2] [3] After Bonaparte concluded the intermediate peace of Leoben in the spring of 1797, Masséna was sent to Paris.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

[2] Following the French conquest in February 1798, Masséna of the Church State was sent to command the Roman occupying forces, but he managed by his bad behaviour in only a week to antagonise his soldiers so badly that they rose in revolt against him, causing him to resign.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

[2] [1] Thereafter he retired from service until, in August 1798, he was appointed commander of the army at Mainz.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

[2] In December 1798, Masséna became commander of the troops stationed in Switzerland, initially subordinated to General Jean-Baptiste Jourdan.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

[4] [2] Masséna launched an attack on Graubünden in March 1799, capturing Chur.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

Following Jourdan's resignation, the Danube Army was also put in command of Masséna in April, after which he was in charge of the entire Eastern Front of France.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

Masséna was initially on the defensive against the Austrians (the First Battle of Zurich), but in the autumn of 1799 he succeeded in preventing the two enemy armies advancing into Switzerland from joining forces and threatening France.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

He first struck down Russo-Austrian forces commanded by General Aleksandr Korsakov in September at the Second Battle of Zürich, and then forced the 2nd Russian Army, commanded by Marshal Aleksandr Suvorov, which had been pushed through the Sankt Gotthard Pass to retreat.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

[2] [1] [4] When Napoleon Bonaparte took over as consul by the coup d'état of November 1799, he first arranged for Masséna to be appointed commander of the Italian forces.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

Upon reaching Italy, Masséna moved his headquarters from Nice to Genoa and managed to restore the decayed fighting spirit of the troops.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

Beginning on 21 April, Genoa was besieged by the Austrians who had counterattacked in the spring of 1800 with support from the British fleet


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

Masséna held his ground until 4 June, when he had to surrender, but his resistance won sufficient time for Napoleon, who hurried with another army into Italy and defeated the Austrians ten days later at the Battle of Marengo.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

[2] [1] Furthermore, the Treaty of Surrender of Genoa allowed Masséna's army a free exit, so it was not captured by the enemy.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

[2] [4] Napoleon appointed Masséna now joint commander of both armies that arrived in Italy, but he was forced to resign as early as August 1800 after being accused of looting and mistreatment of his troops.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

[2] During the Napoleonic Wars, Masséna, who settled in Rueil, was from 1803 to 1807 a representative of the Seine in the French legislature.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

[4] Napoleon promoted him in 1804 to marshal.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

Masséna was recalled to duty and replaced Jourdan as commander of the Italian army in August 1805.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

He recaptured Verona and faced the Austrians in October in the inconclusive Battle of Caldiero.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

Masséna did not achieve any major victories this time, but he managed to prevent an army commanded by Archduke Charles from marching through Italy to the aid of the other Austrian forces.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

In February 1806, Masséna overran Capua and Naples, defeating the entire Kingdom of Naples, which enabled Napoleon's brother Joseph Bonaparte to become King of Naples.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

[2] [3] [4] Thereafter, Masséna laid siege to Gaeta and drove the British lander forces out of Calabria.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

[2] [1] In 1807 he was commander of V Army Corps on the main front in East Prussia, but withdrew from service again after the Peace of Tilsit.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

He was given the nobility rank of Duke of Rivoli in 1808 as a token of his merits at the Battle of 1797.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

[2] [3] At the outbreak of the Fifth Federal War in 1809, Masséna became commander of the IV Army Corps in the army commanded by Napoleon who had been waging war against the Austrians.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

She took part in the battles of Landshut and Eckmühl in April.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

Near Vienna, 21—22 p.m.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

In the loss-making Battle of Aspern-Essling on May 1809, Masséna's forces defended Aspern until Napoleon ordered them to retreat back across the Danube.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

Masséna was lightly wounded during the retreat.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

In the victorious Battle of Wagram, 5—6.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

On July, his army corps formed the left wing of the French, who were forced to absorb the Austrian attack.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

[2] [3] [1] At the very end of the war, he still brought his troops to the aid of Marshal Auguste de Marmont at the Battle of Znaim.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

[4] In honour of these achievements, Masséna was given the nobility rank of Prince of Essling in January 1810.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

[1] In April 1810, Napoleon persuaded an unfit and weary Masséna to become commander in Portugal.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

His army took Ciudad Rodrigo in July and Almeida in August, but lost the Battle of Buçaco in September to General Arthur Wellesley's British forces.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

[2] [1] Masséna eventually forced Wellesley to succumb, but a defensive line built by the British at Torres Vedras halted the French advance before Lisbon.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

With provisions depleted, Masséna ordered a retreat in March 1811, at which point Wellesley's army began a counterattack.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

[2] [4] In an attempt to relieve Almeida from the British siege, Masséna suffered defeat in May 1811 at the Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro on the Spanish side, after which Napoleon replaced him with Marshal Marmont.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

[2] [1] Masséna thereafter no longer received any significant commanding duties, but was appointed Governor of Toulon in 1813.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

[2] [3] Following Napoleon's abdication of the crown in 1814, Masséna positioned himself to support the Bourbons' return to power.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

During the Hundred Days Empire of 1815, Napoleon summoned Masséna, who had been a divisional commander in Marseille, to Paris and gave him the rank of chief but no other duties.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

[2] [1] [3] After the second overthrow of Napoleon, Masséna was for a few days as governor of Paris until the restoration of Bourbon rule.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

[4] He was appointed a member of the court martial which was supposed to sentence Marshal Michel Ney, who supported Napoleon, to death, but the court did not agree to pass a verdict.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

[2] Masséna, who died in 1817, was buried in the Père-Lachaise Cemetery in Paris.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

[4] His name is inscribed on the Arc de Triomphe in Paris.


Question: Where was André Masséna born?

André Masséna

[2] Sources on the subject elsewhere Category:Marshal of France Category:Those born in 1758 Class:Those who died in 1817


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

A truck is a motor vehicle used to transport goods.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Unlike passenger cars, which usually have self-supporting bodywork, trucks are almost always built on top of a rigid detached body.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

A pallet, tank, container or other equipment suitable for the purpose of the car can be installed on top of the frame.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

In this case, the name used for the truck may specify, for example, as a pickup truck or a tanker truck.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The size of the trucks ranges from the lightest, with a total mass of just over 3500-pound, almost packaged light trucks up to five-axle heavy trucks weighing 38 tons.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

In addition to these, heavier trucks will be made available to enclosed areas, such as mines for example.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

When a trailer is connected to a truck, a combination of vehicles is obtained.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

In Finland, as defined by the Vehicle Law, a truck (a vehicle of categories N2 and N3) is a vehicle manufactured for the transport of goods with a total mass greater than 3.5 tonnes.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

[1] No car tax is paid on the truck.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

[2] History The first trucks were steam powered and were introduced in the mid-19th century.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

However, the first vehicle to be defined as an actual truck in history can be said to have been completed in 1896.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

[3] This truck, manufactured by Daimler, was a fairly direct development of the horse wagons of that time with its wooden cartwheels.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

A two-cylinder 1.1litre internal combustion engine with a power output of 3kW (4hp) was placed between the shafts.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

With its 1200kg self-weight and 1500kg load capacity, this car would now be placed in the same category as vans.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Very soon, in the wake of the development of passenger cars, closed cabs appeared on trucks and the engine moved between the axles to the car's nose.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

In trucks of this time, traction from the engine to the rear axle had been implemented by means of a chain.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Also developing was the replacement of cartwheels with full-rubber tires.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

A typical truck with a two-cylinder engine varied in carrying capacity between 1500 and 2000kg at the time.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Like many other things, World War I accelerated product development for trucks, and towards the end of the 1920s full-rubber tires gave way to inflatable ones, electric starter motors became more common, and electric lights appeared on cars.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The engines of these cars were still quite low-powered petrol engines and the load capacity rarely exceeded 3tons.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Development also took place on the engine front, and the diesel engine began to clear its way in a market dominated by petrol engines.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

In the 1930s, development occurred in many areas.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The front axles of the trucks began to be placed behind, allowing the engine to move more over the front axle and thus the improved weight distribution allowing for a larger payload.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The wooden rims used until now were replaced by more durable metal rims.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

As the cars increased in size, more brake power was also needed, with which the rear axle also began to be fitted with brakes instead of the former front axle alone.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

World War II first accelerated product development in many areas, with one major step being direct injection diesel engines, which offered significantly higher efficiency than older engines.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Maintenance of the engine was still done through side-opening hatches.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The turbocharger was introduced to truck engines in 1949 [4], when the engine power could be increased to 150kW (200hp).


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The technical progress of trucks to date had gone by quite the greatest leaps and bounds due to the two world wars, but at the same time the cab had been left almost completely without attention.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

For example, sound and thermal insulation in cabs was virtually non-existent.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Driver comfort quickly emerged as an important development in the 1950s, and soon many features that enhance driver comfort began to appear in trucks.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Significant improvements, in addition to improving sound and thermal insulation, included sprung, ergonomically designed benches and the introduction of sleeping cabins.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

A really significant comfort factor was also the development of damping between the cockpit and the fuselage, and later the replacement of this damping by moving the cabin to sprung.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

In the United States, gasoline engines in heavy trucks were abandoned for good in the 1970s, while in Europe their use had been completely abandoned 20 years earlier.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

In the 1970s and 1980s, truck development became more focused on improving truck safety.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

At that time, underrun protectors were introduced to prevent passenger cars from being run under trucks and the first disc brakes for trucks entered the market.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The first anti-lock braking system for heavy equipment was introduced by Mercedes-Benz in 1981.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

[5] Alongside traditional steel springs, a new, softer-behaved air suspension was introduced, soon introduced by the leading brands, Volvo and Scania-Vabis.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

In the 1980s, as a result of the development and cheapness of radio technology, an LA telephone was found in practically every truck.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Even today, many trucks in professional transport are equipped with an LA phone.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

In Finland, the first trucks are reported to have been in service in Finland in 1897, when cars from the St. Petersburg Nobel company transported explosives and oil to road, rail and canal sites in the Karelian Isthmus.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Renlund's hardware store in Helsinki and Tervakoski paper mill in Janakkala in 1907 have been mentioned as the first Finnish truck owners.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

In 1914, there were estimated to be around 200 trucks in Finland.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

[6] In 1922 motor vehicles in Finland were ordered to be subject to registration and roadworthiness and 623 trucks were registered.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Around the same time, transport entrepreneurship — as it is currently understood — is considered to have originated.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The maximum permissible total mass of a truck was increased from five tons to 7.5 tonnes in 1926.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

In 1930, lorry transport performance exceeded that of equine vehicles.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The first trucks with diesel engines entered service in Finland in 1935.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Professional trucking began to organize itself in 1936, when the Federation of Passengers and Truck Traffickers (later the Finnish Truck Federation, now Suomen Transport and Logistics SKAL) was founded.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

In 1939, 18122 trucks were registered in Finland, and the most popular brands were Ford, Chevrolet, Volvo, International and Studebaker.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

However, some of the cars that have been stated as trucks are classified as vans because the line draw between these was vague and vans did not begin to be stated as their own group until 1940.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

[7] Trucks accounted for a considerable proportion of the fleet of cars on the register; in 1939 there were about 30000 passenger cars on the register and about 3200 buses.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Especially in rural areas, lorries also played a major role in passenger transport.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

[8] During the intermediate peace period between 1940 and 1941, trucks carried out the largest single transport career in Finland until then on the 531 kilometre-long Liinahamar route between Petsamo and Rovaniemi.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The maximum permissible total mass of trucks was increased to ten tons in 1948.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

As in the rest of Europe, in Finland, the diesel engine supplanted the petrol engine as the power source for trucks in the 1950s.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

In 1956, 45373 trucks were registered in Finland and the most common brands were GAZ, Ford, Austin, Bedford and Chevrolet.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The import rationing of foreign trucks, which had been in place since the war years, was dismantled in 1957.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Truck transport performance exceeded that of trains in 1958.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The total maximum permissible weight of the vehicle combination was set at 30 tons in 1961, and in 1963 the maximum permitted width of the truck became 2.5 metres and the maximum permissible height with loads of four metres.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

[9] The maximum permissible total mass of the vehicle combination increased to 42 tonnes and the total length to 22 metres in 1975.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The truck population was at its highest in Finland in the 1980s.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

In 1984 there were 52622 trucks on the register with the most common brands being Volvo, Scania, Mercedes-Benz, Sisu and Ford.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

In 1990, the maximum permissible total mass of the vehicle combination was increased to 60 tonnes.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

In 1993, 45203 trucks were registered in Finland.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

[10] Truck manufacturing in Finland Sisu and Vanaja Finland has been mass-produced Sisu and Vanaja trucks, the former starting in 1931 and the latter from 1948 to 1971.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Tampella Truck The first Finnish truck was built in Tampere most likely between 1907 and 1909.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

On 22 October 1907, Aamulehti reported that the machine shop of Tammerfors Linne- och Jern-Manufaktur AB (Tampere Pellava- ja Rauta-Industrial Oy, later Tampella) had been planning for some time a truck and one car was currently under construction.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

However, the brand of the car was not mentioned, and its construction probably progressed slowly, as Helsingin Sanomat did not publish a news story about it until 11 February 1909 as “the first automobile made in Finland”.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

No photograph of the car has survived, and information about it is based on recollections collected through interviews.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Reportedly it was steam-powered and was being test-driven in the mill yard, but did not perform as expected.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

According to the story, one of the car's builders knew how to fix the fault, but the factory management did not want to continue the experiment.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The car was stored and its later stages are not known.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

[11] In 1911, according to a notice in Helsingin Sanomat, “the sole manufacturer and exclusive seller in Finland, Tampere Pellava- and Rauta-Industrial Oy” offered buyers Swiss Saurer trucks made under licence.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

However, not a single Saurer car is known to have been completed in Tampere.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

[12] Republic In the late 1910s, the American Republic factory, which operated from 1914 to 1929, was one of the world's largest truck manufacturers with its annual production of approximately 10,000 cars.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

In Finland, Republic trucks were assembled at SOK's bicycle workshop in Vallila, Helsinki, a total of 57 pieces between 1920 and 1924.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The Republic was, by the yardstick of that time, a heavy truck with its 3.5 tonne load capacity.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

However, as a dead-end wheel, it was poorly suited for Finnish use.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

One of the Republic cars assembled in Finland has been maintained in running order and restored.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

[13] In 1920, Finlandia Helsinki-based engineer P. J. Heikkilä bought I. Käcklund's Kone and Plumbing shop — according to some accounts it was a machine shop — where he founded a car body factory called P. J. Heikkilä & Co.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

In 1922, the company launched the production of Finlandia cars, and two trucks of this brand were completed.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

It is unclear how original the Finlandia cars were, as they used components from Swedish company Scania-Vabis, among other things.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The second Finlandia truck was acquired for the Helsinki Fire Department, which used it until the early 1960s, initially as a “crash car” carrying the busiest fire equipment and later as an ambulance.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Another lorry is reported to have fallen into the hands of the pirtu smugglers and vanished without a trace.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Along with the trucks, two Finlandia passenger cars were completed for P. J. Heikkilä's own use.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Of these four cars, none have survived.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

[14] Ford During the interim peace Ford imported warehouse in Hernesaari, Helsinki, began to assemble Ford trucks shipped from the United States in parts packed in wooden boxes.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

According to newspaper reports, cars were completed with about 200 employees between 12 and 14, at best 20 copies per day.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

During the Continuation War, an additional generous 1400 pieces of Soviet GAZ trucks obtained as spoils of war were refurbished in the same premises for use by front forces.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

After the end of the wars, British right-of-way Fordson Thames trucks were imported into Finland, along with US Ford trucks, built ready in Helsinki, with motor vehicle credits issued by the Ford Motor Company.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Industrial activity in Hernesaari ceased in 1947, by which time almost 7000 Ford cars had passed through its assembly line.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

[15] After the end of the Chevrolet Wars in 1946, the Helsinki-based car dealership Oy Nikolajeff Ab signed an agreement with General Motors, the US automotive group, for the assembly of 150 Chevrolet trucks in Helsinki for the main company's bill.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The cars were completed as per contract, but the operation ended there.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

[16] During the 1950s, Wilke Wihuri Group, active in the automotive sector, gained a solid foothold in the Finnish car market.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

In order to gain access to larger manufacturing kits, Wihuri's subsidiary, Oy Uusi Autobody Industries Ab, which manufactured Wiima-branded bus bodies, began purchasing construction kits for bus platforms from Volvo, which were assembled at Wihuri owned Teijo factories in Perniö.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The collaboration with Volvo extended to trucks, and Volvo designed a heavy-duty truck for Wihur, renamed Wilke.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The technology for the cars came from Volvo, but the cabs were the handwriting of Wihuri designers, and the cars were assembled in Teijo.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The completion of the first Wilke truck was reported in the Wihuri News in June 1960.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

However, Wilke did not have time to achieve commercial success because new Volvo trucks were brought to Finland in line with demand.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

A total of 120 Wilke cars could be built by 1964.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

[17] At the end of the 1970s Arska Finland sold 250 to 350 units of light British-made Ford A trucks annually.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The car was affordable in price, but its bodywork was poor for Finnish conditions.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

In 1979, Ford district salesman Keskos-Autola Oy, based in Hämeenlinna, built a series of cars called Arska with Finnish goods car body.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The exact number of cars completed is not known, but it probably amounts to a dozen pieces.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

[18] Known as the Hollming Shipyard Company, Hollming built 47 pieces of self-supporting Hollming tank cars between 1980 and 1982.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Three more cars were completed between 1986 and 1987.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Of the cars, 37 were equipped with technology from Volvo and others from the German company MAN.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The cars were based on the Permanent Tank prototype completed in 1978 under the direction of electrical technician and car salesman Reijo Hirvonen.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The car's main problem was the virtually non-existent resale value, as it was designed and built solely as a tanker car.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

[19] Truck nowadays Truck is the basic tool of current logistics.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Practically all goods go through their life cycle at some point in a truck or a combination of vehicles pulled by a truck.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The truck is therefore primarily made to be a tool and to withstand constant heavy use.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Over the past 15 years, environmental concerns such as exhaust emission restriction and driving noise have emerged as an increasingly significant design consideration due to ever-tightening legislation.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The structure and operation of trucks — like heavy traffic in general — are significantly regulated by different laws and regulations.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

For example, transporting goods by truck for compensation is a licensed activity in Finland.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

[20] The working time of a lorry driver is governed by the Working Time and Driving, Rest Time Act [21], which provides that the longest continuous driving time shall not exceed 4.5 hours, followed by a break of at least 45 minutes.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The daily driving time shall not exceed 9 hours, in exceptional cases 10 hours and a continuous period of at least 11 hours of daily rest.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Driving and rest legislation has also made it possible, under certain conditions, to extend daily driving time and to shorten daily or weekly rest.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

It is also possible to divide a 45-minute break from 11 April 2007 into a maximum of two parts, the length of which should be at least 30 minutes.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The implementation of rest and driving times can be monitored by a tachograph, which is currently mandatory on trucks.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The maximum allowable dimensions and masses of trucks are also very precisely defined.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

[22] The maximum allowable length of the truck is 12.00 metres, height 4.40 metres and width is 2.60 metres.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

However, for vehicle combinations exceeding 22,00 metres, the width of the non-heat-insulated vehicle shall not exceed 2.55 metres.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The maximum permissible mass of a truck is limited by both legislation and the structure of the vehicle.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

According to the law, the maximum permissible total mass of a two-axle truck is 18 tons, a three-axle 26 tons, a four-axle 35 tons and a five-axle 42 tons.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

International transport is subject to its own regulations, which are in many places consistent with Finnish legislation but more stringent at some points.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

As an example, the maximum permissible height of a truck in international transport must be only 4.00 m, unless the national legislation of the destination country and all countries between it allows a higher height.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Structure The structure of almost all trucks is very similar.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Truck design can be roughly divided into chassis, transmission, cab, and superstructure.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

A modern truck is almost always made only to order.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

As a result, the equipment and exterior dimensions of trucks of the same model series can vary very significantly.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

From the presented design, mainly vans registered as light trucks differ.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Chassis The basis of the truck chassis is a frame made of two parallel steel U-beams, around which the car is assembled.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The engine is usually positioned at the front of the fuselage, between the frame girders.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Immediately as an extension of the engine is located clutch, as well as gearbox.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

At least one steering axle is located at the front of the fuselage, under the engine, and at least one driving axle, usually with double wheels, is located at the rear of the fuselage.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The number, type and wheelbase of the axles are selected depending on the future work function of the car.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The number of axles driving a truck varies between one and three, and one of these can be the last axle, that is, the so-called thresher steering.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

For example, in a light distribution truck, you need no more than two axles.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

In trucks intended for towing vehicle combinations, it is common to equip the car with a two-axle bogie.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The rearmost axle of a car equipped with a bogie is usually able to lift into the air.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

This reduces fuel and tire expenses when driving with a light load.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Suspension is an important part of a truck's behavior and is largely chosen according to the car's intended use.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

There are several different types of suspension options available for trucks, some of which may not be suitable for a specific purpose at all, but are nevertheless the best option for any other use.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Unlike passenger cars, it is common for trucks to use different types of suspension on different axles.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Truck axles are predominantly sprung with either a parabel or air spring.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Parabel suspension is a suspension similar to a leaf suspension, but unlike leaf suspension, it uses only two or three long spring leaves.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Similar to the leaf suspension, parabel suspension is a so-called hard suspension, the behaviour of which becomes softer when laden.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The air-sprung shaft has one or more so-called air sacs in the space of the parabel spring.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

In air suspension, compressed air is directed into the air bag at a pressure of about 10—12 bar, leaving no rigid spot between the axle and fuselage in terms of suspension (cf.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

parabel suspension leaves).


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

As a result, the air suspension is remarkably soft in function and is quite capable of smoothing out sharp-edged irregularities on the road.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Unlike the parabel suspension, the height of the air-sprung axle and therefore also the car from the ground can be adjusted by directing more or less air into the air bag.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Despite the possibility of adjustment, air springs have an automatically adjusting driving position where the air volume of the springs is automatically adjusted, and which is not affected by manual adjustment.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Suspension solutions commonly used in trucks include full-air suspension, parable-air suspension, and parabel suspension.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Each axle of a full-air sprung truck is air sprung.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

In a parable-air-suspension truck, the front axle is parable-sprung while the rear axles have air suspension.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

This makes the car more stable than full-air suspension to drive, but the air-sprung rear end makes driving significantly more comfortable especially with light load.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Both of these are quite popular suspension solutions in the transportation of piece goods.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

On trucks for semi-trailer traction, the most popular type of suspension is parable-air suspension, although full-air suspension is gaining popularity.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

In a parable-sprung truck, each axle has parabel springs.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Parabel suspension is popular for supplying in difficult conditions, such as timber trucks, as well as in tank transport absorbed fluctuations caused by fluid moving more efficiently than air suspension.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Braking system A modern truck has several separate braking systems.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

They work either independently of each other or in different ways combined.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The structure and principle of operation of the systems vary depending on the weight class of the car.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Among the commonly used brakes, three different main types can be distinguished, with designations such as service brake, auxiliary brake/auxiliary brake, and parking brake.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The lightest (i.e. van) trucks have vacuum enhanced fluid brakes as service brakes, similar to passenger cars.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Also in some medium-heavy cars, liquid brakes are used, where, however, the enhancement is carried out by compressed air.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

However, heavy trucks and all combinations almost invariably have full compressed air brakes.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Trucks are equipped with a separate compressed air compressor to develop the operating pressure required by the brakes, as well as several compressed air tanks near the brakes to ensure adequate braking pressure is maintained.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The operating pressure of compressed air brakes is usually around 8 bar (bar).


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Admittedly, a few truck manufacturers use brake pressure of up to 10 or 12 bar to speed up the brake response.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The dominant type of brake in trucks is still drum brakes, although disc brakes have developed into a worthy competitor for them in recent years.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The operation of the brakes is carried out by so-called brake clocks.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The brake bell is a metal cylinder with a rubber diaphragm inside.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

This diaphragm is attached on one side to a metal arm that protrudes when braking out of the brake bell.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

This arm is fixed at one end so as to allow the brake pads to be inserted into the brake drum or disc.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The method of attachment is different depending on whether the car has drum or disc brakes.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

In normal driving, the brake bell is pressure-free from the inside.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

When the driver of the car wants to brake, compressed air is directed inside the brake bell, which in turn pushes the rubber diaphragm ahead of him, thereby causing the metal arm to push out.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

For pressure control, two air hoses are provided to the brake bell, one with constant pressure, the so-called operating pressure, and the other with steering pressure from the brake pedal.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

When the steering pressure rises, the brake bell is diverted air from the operating pressure hose.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The steering pressure varies between 0 and 8 bar, and the operating pressure is continuously around <6 bar.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The parking brake is most commonly implemented with a so-called spring clock, which is like a normal brake bell with the addition of a second cylinder as an extension of the first.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

This second cylinder has a strong coil spring inside that pushes the parking brake when connected to the arm out of the brake bell.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The other end of the spring has a diaphragm similar to that of a normal brake watch.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

When the parking brake is switched off, compressed air enters the partition between the arm and the diaphragm, which compresses the spring to size, removing the parking brake from operation.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The metal arm passes through the spring into the upper cylinder, acting as a service brake completely as does the normal brake bell.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Despite the fairly common belief, the spring is not used in connection with normal service braking at all, but only as a parking brake.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Systems which enhance the efficiency of engine braking in different ways are classified as auxiliary brakes.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The most common auxiliary brake is exhaust brake.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

This is an electric or pneumatic flap placed in the exhaust pipe, the closure of which raises the pressure in the combustion chambers of the cylinders.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Other auxiliary brakes include electric or hydraulic retarders.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Among them, the English terms intarder or retarder are also used.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

In an electric retarder, braking performance is provided by magnets using eddy currents and in hydraulic retarders again by limiting fluid flow.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The braking power generated by the auxiliary brakes is directed, unlike the service brake, to the driveshaft alone.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Engine The only type of heavy-duty truck engine currently produced is a front-longitudinally placed four-stroke liquid-cooled turbocharged diesel engine.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Common cylinder orders include the six-cylinder row engine as well as the V8.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Engine outputs generally range from 110—560 kW (150—750 hp) with torque up to 3550Nm.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Heavy duty engines can withstand very high driving volumes while fuel economy and exhaust emissions still remain at the level of the new engine.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

[23] In distribution transport, engine power is, as a rule, less than 220kW (300hp).


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

These engines often have a cylinder capacity in the range of 5—9 liters.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

If the truck is to be used as a towing vehicle for a combination of vehicles, the engine is often powered by an 11—18-litre engine of 300—520kW (400—700hp).


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

If the vehicle combination is often driven at a full combo mass of 76 tonnes, and especially in difficult conditions, a version that is somewhat more powerful than the base model is often chosen as the traction vehicle engine.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

According to the current regulation, the engine power of the truck must be at least 5kW per ton.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

[24] An engine of at least 380kW is therefore required to drive a vehicle combination weighing 76 tonnes.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Powertrain The drivetrain of light, van driven trucks is almost identical to the drivetrain of passenger cars.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The gearbox of heavy trucks is often 8-, 12- or 16-speed.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

These gearboxes have either a three- or four-speed basic gearbox which provides two different speed ranges (slow and fast) by means of a separate range gearbox.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

This additional gear is called either a range gearbox or a multiplier.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

In addition to this, the gearbox may have a halver, i.e. a transfer box, to halve each gear.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The halver can operate solely in the fast relay range or with both slow and fast range gear on.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The car may therefore have a three-speed gearbox, with the two additional gears on the stern giving the car a 12-speed.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Colloquially, especially when talking about gearboxes with a semi-divider, there is some variation.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

For example, a 12-speed gearbox can also be spoken of as a 6-speed, with the terms full section and half section being used.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

In this case, gears 1 and 1.5 of the 6-speed transmission correspond to gears 1 and 2 of the same gearbox, if we were talking about it as a 12-speed.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

When changing gears between em. the gearstick is not shifted, but with the switch on the gearstick, the desired halver operating range is selected and pressed on the clutch, causing the transfer case to switch to the desired halver speed range.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

After the gearbox, the force is transferred via the cardan shaft to one or two driving axles, where the drive gear increases the moment of force and translates the force parallel to the axis.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

A differential has also typically been implemented in connection with the drive gear.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

In road transport, it is most common to use a single driving axle, regardless of the total number of axles.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Cars moving in difficult conditions, such as gravel and wood cars, are often equipped with bogie pull and pole transmission.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The cab Cockpit may be a traditional cam-shaped cab or a vertical-nosed cab that is now more common outside North America, or the so-called “bulldog” model cockpit.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

In a vertical nosed car, the cab is located on the front axle above the engine, while in a cam-shaped car, the engine is in front of the cab.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Vertical nosed cabs are used because they allow a greater proportion of the maximum length of the truck to be made available by law.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The cam model is used in trucks, where much daily maintenance is required, as in gravel cars.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The cabin of the car is selected depending on the type of driving the car is purchased.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

If there is no need to stay in the car and you often need to leave the cabin, a low daytime cab is usually chosen for the car.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Such are delivery trucks, for example.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

If you have to stay overnight in a car, the cab is somewhat taller, a sleeping cabin, i.e. a sleeping cab.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The sleeping cab has a bed around 70—120 centimetres wide behind the driver's seat (some above the driver's head) for overnight stays.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The co-driver often has his own bed installed as a bunk bed.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

There are also several cabins of different heights.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

When choosing a sleeping cabin for a car, a so-called high cab is often chosen, where the floor is higher above the engine than in a low cab.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

This is aimed at better living comfort.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Sleeping cabs are also available at a variety of interior heights.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

A basic sleeping cabin usually does not fit standing inside straight, whereas in higher models this usually succeeds.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The cabin is also sprung with respect to the frame.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Regardless of the type of cabin, the truck always has large-sized mirrors.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

A car intended for towing a combination of vehicles has at least four mirrors, one next to the driver's door and three at the front of the co-driver's door.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

In addition to the normal rear-view mirrors, the passenger side—in some models including the driver's side—has a wide-angle rear-view mirror to see the behavior of the trailer when turning sharply.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The wide-angle mirror also looks backwards, for example, on a bike path by the side of the road.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

A mirror is attached above the passenger door to show the right front wheel into the adjacent arbitrage area.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The downside of good mirror equipment is the rather large arbitrage area behind the mirrors, especially on the passenger side.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Superstructure The superstructure is the part that distinguishes trucks most from each other.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The superstructure is currently being made for some specific use.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The computational life of the superstructure is approximately 12 years.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

The same car can be equipped with a container for the transport of milk, and the next owner can build a truck to replace the tank.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Still, the car can end its days by acting after 15 years and 2 million miles as a woodland machinery platter.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Cars in freight transport are usually fitted with closed, flank-opening trucks or tarpaulins.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

If the goods to be transported are not very weather-sensitive, the car can be equipped with an open cargo pallet.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Similarly, timber trucks are equipped with pankoi and balusters and gravel trucks with folding gravel platform.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

A car intended for traction of a semi trailer usually already has a factory installed drive table.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

A pull switch can be fitted at the rear end of the truck body, allowing the car to be used for trailer traction.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Driver Requirements in Finland A C driver's license is required.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

Depending on the vehicle combination, either a C1, C1E, C or CE card is required.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

[25] If transport is carried out in professional transport, professional qualifications are also required.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

[26] If a car has a digital tachograph, a plotcard is required to use it.


Question: How is the hook tax defined?

Truck

[27] Sources on the topic elsewhere Category:Logistics Category:Construction equipment and equipment Category:Key articles in screening


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

List of characters from the television series Frends

The ten production seasons of the American situation comedy series Frends feature six main characters and numerous other minor characters.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Protagonists Each presenter of the main character had experience in situational comedy series prior to Frends.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Rachel Karen Green (Jennifer Aniston) — fashion aficionado and Monica's best friend from high school.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Rachel and Ross Geller are in an on-off relationship throughout the series.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Rachel's first job is as a waitress at Central Perk.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

He later gets an assistant buyer's position at Bloomingdale's and Ralph Lauren.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Prior to her role in Friends, Aniston had starred in several unsuccessful television series.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

[1] After playing in the film Leprechaun, ridiculed by critics, she was ready to give up an acting career until she auditioned for the Frends as Monica E. Geller (Courteney Cox) — the group's mother figure known as an obsessive-compulsive and competitive character.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

[2] Especially Monica's brother Ross often teases her for being a very overweight child.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Monica is a chef who changes her job frequently during the series.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

In season seven, she married her longtime friend Chandler Bing.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

By the time the series began, Cox had forged the most careers out of the main cast.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

He had appeared in the film Ace Ventura — a pet killer and in the television series Family is the Best.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

[1] Phoebe Buffay-Hannigan (Lisa Kudrow) — eccentric masseuse and musician (one of her most famous songs is “Smelly Cat”).


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Phoebe became homeless when she was 14 and was forced to live on the street.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Prior to her role in Friends, Kudrow had played Phoebe's twin sister Ursula Buffay in the television series Crazy About You, and she would reprise the role in Friends.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

[1] Before pursuing an acting career, Kudrow had worked, among other things, as a researcher for his father.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Joseph “Joey” Francis Tribbiani, Jr.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

(Matt LeBlanc) — An ailing actor who loves food and who became known for his fictional role as Dr. Drake Ramoray on the television series Gone With Days.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Joey is a womanizer and has several female friends over the course of the series (his catchphrase is “How'r you doin'?


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

“), and he falls in love with Rachel in the eighth season.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Prior to his role in Frends, LeBlanc had appeared in the short-lived television series TV 101 and a smaller role in the television series Pulmuset.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

[3] Chandler Muriel Bing (Matthew Perry) — statistician at a multinational corporation.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

In season nine, Chandler resigns and becomes a junior copywriter for an advertising agency.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Chandler is known for his sarcastic humor, [4] and he married his longtime friend Monica.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Like Aniston, Perry too had appeared in several unsuccessful sitcoms prior to her role in Friends.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

[5] Ross Eustace Geller (David Schwimmer) — a paleontologist working at the Museum of Natural History and later as a professor at New York University.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Ross has three failed marriages behind him (including one that had ended even before the series began), and he is in an on-off relationship with Rachel throughout the series.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Prior to her role in Friends, Schwimmer had played a small role in the television series Summer 68 and NYPD Blue.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Schwimmer is the only one of the show's cast who actually hails from New York City.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Side personalities Charles Bing Actor: Kathleen Turner Charles Bing is the father of Chandler Bing.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

He is a transvestite and used to be with Nora Tyler Bing, with whom he is no longer on terms.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Chandler has shared several other horrifying facts about his father, including the fact that he earned his allowance by plucking eyebrows from his father and his friends.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

She has performed in Las Vegas at the Viva Las Gaygas show, where Chandler also assisted her as a youngster.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Her stage name is Helena Handbasket.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Ursula Buffay Actress: Lisa Kudrow Ursula Pamela Buffay is a fictional person from the television series Crazy About You and Friends.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Ursula is Phoebe's wicked twin sister, who isn't on much speaking terms with her sister.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

He has been acting/acting (?)


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

also as a porn star.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Carol Willick Actress: Jane Sibbett Carol Willick is Ross Geller's ex-wife and Susan Bunch's lesbian partner.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

He and Susan were already having an affair while she was married to Ross.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Things have been bad between Susan and Ross ever since Ross accused Susan of “stealing” Carol.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Carol is a teacher and discovered she was a lesbian when Susan came to the picture.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Carol and Susan met at the gym.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Both Carol's parents and Ross were shocked when they found out that Carol is a lesbian.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

It was later learned that Carol is pregnant and that the child is Ross's.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Jack Geller Actor: Elliott Gould Jack Geller is the father of Monica and Ross.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

He is humorous.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Gunther Actor: James Michael Tyler Gunther is an employee of Central Perk coffee shop.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Gunther is in love with Rachel Green, but she is too afraid to tell her how she feels until the very last episode.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Mike Hannigan Actor: Paul Rudd Mike Hannigan is Phoebe's man.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Phoebe met him after agreeing to arrange a double date with Joey.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Joey would find a man for Phoebe and Phoebe, respectively, a woman for Joey.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

However Joey completely forgot about the date, and went out of his thoughtlessness to tell Phoebe the man was named Mike.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Thus, Joey went to the Central Perk cafe looking for some guy whose name is Mike.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

She found Mike Hannigan and arranged for him to go on a date with Phoebe.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Tag Jones Actor: Eddie Cahill Tag Jones was Rachel's assistant in the 7th season of production.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Seriously Rachel had the intention of hiring a woman named Hilda, but ended up with Tag because she liked her so much.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

After all, Rachel and Tag end up together and thanks for this belongs to Joey and her booming “I told you she likes back” After many explanations, they start dating.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Rachel ends the relationship in the episode Thirties because she wanted a more serious relationship (Tag was 24 and Rachel was 30 at the time).


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

It wasn't the last time Tag was seen on it, in the episode Red Shirt Phoebe calls Tag because she suspects he is the father of Rachel's child.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Mr. Heckles Actor: Larry Hank's Mr. Heckles was an old man who lived in an apartment below Monica and Rachel.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

He would often complain about the noise these made, even though these never did anything, and banged on the ceiling of his apartment with a broom.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Mr. Heckles's death in the episode Mr. Heckles died after banging with his broom against the ceiling and left all his possessions to the “noisy girls upstairs.”


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Friends went to examine his belongings, but they were mainly rubbish.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Chandler Bing, however, identified with Mr. Heckles after discovering several similarities between them.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Janice Actress: Maggie Wheeler Janice Litman-Goralnik (o.s. Hosenstein) was Chandler's former girlfriend.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Janice is best remembered and recognized by the saying “Oh — my — God”, which Janice said whenever she ran into other Frends, especially Chandler.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Janice's laughter is also one of the things she remembers and recognises by.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Janice is also perhaps the most notable of Friends' minor characters.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

He was seen or heard in each production season of the series.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Joanna Actress: Alison LaPlaca Joanna was Rachel's manager at Bloomingdale's who dated Chandler a few times.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

In the Bailaamaa episode, Joanna promised Rachel a promotion, but died after a car crashed into her, and this promotion never materialized.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Estelle Leonard Actress: June Gable Estelle Leonard was an agent for Joey Tribbian who acquired roles for her.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Even though he landed Joey the role of Dr. Drake Ramoray on the soap opera Gone by Days, he wasn't very good at his job and most of Joey's roles were small.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

On one occasion, Estelle also believed that Joey had fired her and was trying to sabotage her career.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Estelle's other clients included an actor with a dog pyramid and Al Zebooker, a man who eats paper.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Estelle died in the tenth season of production and at that time her only clients were Joey and Al Zebooker.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Marcel Marcel was the capuchin monkey that was Ross Geller's pet in the first season of production.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

It was an illegal exotic animal that animal welfare worker Luisa (Rachel and Monica's former classmate) was to take over.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Ross donated Marcel to the San Diego Zoo after he became sexually aggressive.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

However, Ross later learned that Marcel was stolen from the zoo and later became the mascot for the beer company's commercials.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

The friends saw Marcel for the last time during the filming of “Outbreak 2: The Virus Takes Manhattan”, in which he appeared.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Katie, one of the monkeys who play Marcel, actually appeared in the reality film Outbreak.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Eddie Menuek Actor: Adam Goldberg Eddie Menuek was Chandler's roommate in the second season of production.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Eddie moved in with Chandler after Joey moved into his own apartment.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

They met at the supermarket while Eddie was helping Chandler pick chorizo.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

However, Chandler later found out that they have nothing in common; Eddie hated Baywatch, stole a mannequin head from Macy and dried fruit hysterically.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Soon Chandler met Eddie's former girlfriend, Tilly, who Eddie said had destroyed his life.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Tilly arrived to bring Eddie's old, empty aquarium.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

However, Eddie sees Tilly and an empty tank just as she was leaving, believing that Chandler slept with Tilly and killed Buddy, Eddie's goldfish.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Eddie decided to replace the fish with a goldfish biscuit.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Soon Chandler decided that Eddie would have to leave, as he, among other things, watched the sleeping Chandler at night.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

After several attempts, Chandler finally convinced Eddie to move.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

She dragged his belongings out of the apartment with Joey, and claimed to Eddie she had never lived with him, which Eddie believed.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Ugly Naked Man An ugly naked man is a character who lives in the nearby apartment of Monica's apartment.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

His real name is not known; instead, the protagonists call this “ugly naked man” because he was ugly, fat, and passed around his apartment naked.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

However, he was not always referred to by that name but in one episode Phoebe referred to him as a “cute naked man”.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Additionally, Rachel's mother called him “an unattractive naked man who plays the cello.”


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

In the series he was portrayed only twice.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Once, when she was thought to have died, and even then only her stomach was shown, and later again from behind her back.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

An ugly naked man lived in an apartment directly opposite Rachel and Monica's apartment and for this reason everyone who was in the apartment was able to see directly into the man's apartment.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

In the first years, friends often looked into the man's apartment explaining what was happening there.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Once they believed the man was dead and assembled a long poking instrument to test whether he was alive.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

In one episode, friends learned that an ugly naked man was moving out and renting out his apartment (at the same time, they noticed an ironic circumstance; several of the man's boxes contained clothes).


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Several individuals tried to get the apartment for themselves, including Ross Geller, who, after all, defeated his rival by going to a man's house to eat the mini muffins he bought for his company (as a naked Ross).


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

This way the man moved out and his friends were no longer able to watch him from Monica and Rachel's apartment.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

There was no word on the ugly naked man after this, nor did he appear in the final episode.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Russ Actor: David Schwimmer Russ was a minor character who appeared in the second season of production in Friends who was exactly similar to Ross.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Russ was Rachel's boyfriend, but Rachel broke up with him after realising this was too much like Ross.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Judy Geller Actress: Christina Pickles Judy is Monica and Ross's mother.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

She favored her older child, aka Ross, so Monica has always tried to pursue her parents' favor.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Emily Waltham Actress: Helen Baxendale Emily is Ross Geller's second wife/divorcee and a bit of a control freak.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Emily came along to the frends midway through season 4 as the foul-mouthed niece of Rachel's boss, but later she is friendly and emotional.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

After dumping Ross (because Ross said “Rachel” at the altar) he insists Ross never meet Rachel and this is what Ross can't do... Amy Green Actress: Christina Applegate Amy is Rachel Green's sister.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Amy appears in the series twice.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

She is portrayed as a very self-centered and somewhat stupid person; for example, she never remembers people's real names and, according to Rachel, Amy always steals everything Rachel has.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

The first time he is met is when he comes to borrow a hair straightener from Rachel for his date.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

However, the dating is canceled because the man's wife returned to town and Rachel invited Amy to Monica Geller's house for Thanksgiving meal.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Over the meal, Rachel and Amy get into an argument because Rachel says she wouldn't give Emma to Amy if she died.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

The next time she is met is when she comes to tell her she is getting married to her ex-boyfriend's father, because of that fancy apartment.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Rachel encourages Amy to leave the man and find herself someone to love.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Amy takes this advice, but she moves in with Rachel and Joey Tribbian.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Jill Green Actress: Reese Witherspoon Jill is Rachel Green's sister.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

She appears in two consecutive episodes, the first of which she arrives at Chandler Bing and Monica's apartment because she thinks Rachel still lives there.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

She tells him that their father no longer gives her money, and that that one told Jill to come and learn living from “the only daughter she's proud of”.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

He also explains that the reason for this was because he bought his friend a boat.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Rachel promises to help her sister, but it proves quite tricky, as she has memorized the credit card numbers and won't stop shopping.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Rachel also accidentally gets Jill to go out with Ross Geller on a date, after which Rachel is really jealous, fearing Ross and Jill will get married.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

However, Ross promises Rachel that he will never go on dates with Jill again if it bothers Rachel.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

This again ensues an argument between Rachel and Jill and Jill tries to get Ross into bed with him as revenge on her sister.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

However, this fails to work out and Jill leaves.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Despite this, Jill is portrayed as Rachel's favorite sister; this is mentioned in the same episode when Amy first comes to visit.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Later, Rachel also gets word from Amy that Jill's Atkins diet went to goo and she's gained weight.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Pete Becker Actor: Jon Favreau Pete is Monica's millionaire boyfriend in the third season of production.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Monica wasn't initially attracted to Pete, but later they had a pretty serious relationship.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Monica left Pete after he started a career as a cage fighter.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Introduced in season nine by Michael “Mike” Hannigan (Paul Rudd) — Phoebe's male friend and later husband: in the episode “The One with the Pediatrician” (production season 9, episode 3) Joey forgets that he promised to arrange Phoebe a date club.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Joey lies to Phoebe and tells her he has set her up with a man who is named Mike.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

After this, Joey goes to Central Perk and yells at a man named “Mike”.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Mike Hannigan responds to Joey and Joey takes him along on a double date.


Question: Who is Ursula Buffay on the set of Frendit?

Eventually Mike and Phoebe move in together.