Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

On 3 September, France and Britain declared war on Germany in accordance with their security guarantees to Poland, which is considered to be the moment of the start of World War II.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

A little later, the member countries of the British Commonwealth, Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa declared war on Germany.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

France made a propelled invasion of the Saar region and Germany was embargoed, but otherwise support for Poland was only political sympathy.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The Soviet Union occupied the eastern parts of Poland from 17 September onwards after signing a ceasefire agreement with Japan that ended border disputes.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

For the Soviet Union, the Western Great Powers did not declare war.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

After Polish resistance ceased on 6 October, the border between the German-Soviet-occupied territories became approximately the Curzon Line, which as early as 1919 had been proposed as Poland's eastern border.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Poland established a refugee government in the British Isles and some 100,000 troops fled through Romania and the Baltic states to join forces fighting Germany.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The Winter War and Occupation of the Baltic States After the occupation of eastern parts of Poland, the Soviet Union pressured the Baltic states into security agreements, which resulted in it placing military bases in their territories.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Negotiations with Finland failed when the Finns failed to agree to border changes and the lease of a base in Hanko.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

After negotiations failed, the Soviet Union invaded Finland on 30 November 1939, starting the Winter War which ended with the Peace of Moscow on 13 March 1940.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

In the Winter War, Finland lost mainly the territory of Karelia and Salla and was forced to surrender its military base from Hanko.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The Winter War was closely watched in the international press because only minor local fighting took place elsewhere.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Later, in mid-June, the Soviet Union occupied the Baltic states and launched a campaign of terror in which the countries' old social structure was destroyed.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

During the first week of August, the countries were declared Soviet republics.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

An ultimatum was presented to Romania to surrender the territory of Bessarabia and northern Bukovina in four days on 26 June 1940.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Following Romania's bent, the Soviet Union formed the Moldavia SNT from the territories and the eastern part was annexed into the Ukrainian SNT.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

German Western Front war operations Although Britain and France already declared war on Germany on 3 September 1939, they did little to launch offensive operations against the Germans barricaded behind Westwall.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

A so-called fake war was underway along the German-French border, which has also been referred to as the “mad war” ().


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The Allies speculated that Germany would renew an early World War I plan to circumvent French fortification equipment through Belgium, so the British emigrant army and strong French forces were grouped in northern Belgium.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

[21] Germany invaded Denmark and Norway in April 1940 (see.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Operation Weserübung), as Britain and France reportedly already planned during the Finnish Winter War to conquer Norwegian ports and mine territorial waters, and to take over the Narvik—Kiruna—Luleå railway to cut off vital iron ore supplies to Germany.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

[22] Denmark was defeated after two hours of fighting (see.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Danish occupation) and Norway in two months (see.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Battle for Norway).


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

[23] [24] On 10 May 1940, Germany launched an offensive on the Western Front.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

This marked the resignation of British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain and on the same day the King appointed Winston Churchill, who had opposed Chamberlain's policies, as Prime Minister.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The Ardennes were regarded by the Allied warfare leadership as an impenetrable territory for modern warfare, so the defences of the area had been neglected.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The assumption was proved wrong by the Germans, and a strong armour attack breached the defences of the area and German troops advanced at pace to the bank of the English Channel, isolating the Allied forces left north of the wedge.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Germany also invaded the Netherlands, which had declared itself neutral at the start of the war.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Due to more effective resistance than the Dutch assumed, the Germans bombarded Rotterdam to force its surrender.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The surrender of the city had already been agreed, but German pilots had not been informed.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The Netherlands surrendered on 15 May and Belgium on 28 May.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

However, the British managed to evacuate much of their forces from Dunkirk across the Channel under bombardment.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

French defences had also been torn open by this move, and within a few weeks Germany occupied large areas of western France all the way to Bordeaux, and finally France surrendered on 22 June.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Under the armistice agreement, all of northern France and the Atlantic coast remained occupied by Germany.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Southern France and the colonies were then ruled by the Vichy government led by Philippe Pétain.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

In Eastern Europe, the Soviet Union occupied the Baltics from 15 June to 17 June and Romania's Bessarabia on 28 June.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

After the French war expedition, Hitler began preparing an invasion of the Soviet Union.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The German Luftwaffe drastically bombed Britain and attempted to cripple the Royal Air Force, but nevertheless failed to do so.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The battle for Britain had been eradicated and Hitler moved the English occupation, namely Operation Sea Lion, into the future.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

[25] Balkans In September 1940 Italy invaded Greece from Albania, but the war success was abysmal.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

[26] In the spring of 1941, a coup d'état hostile to Germany in Yugoslavia provoked Hitler into action.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Germany, Italy, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria invaded Yugoslavia, whose defences collapsed in an instant.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

However, the Yugoslav war forces failed to destroy; instead, communists and nationalist Serbs formed guerrilla divisions that harassed the occupiers until the end of the war (see.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Yugoslav Partisans).


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The number of guerrillas has been estimated at more than one hundredthousand.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Occupying the Balkans bound a large amount of German troops.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Parts of Yugoslavia were annexed to neighbouring countries, and from the end the independent State of Croatia and Serbia were formed.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Croatia was ruled by bigoted Croats under Ante Pavelić.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Serbs living in Croatian territory were murdered en masse in concentration camps.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Greece was also overrun in March—April 1941.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The heaviest fighting took place for control of Crete, which the Germans had to retake with paratroopers.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The Eastern Front The war on the Eastern Front in Germany was known in the Soviet Union and today in Russia as the Great Patriotic War.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Germany began its invasion of the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

As allies of Germany, the war was fought by Romania, Hungary and Italy.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Finland, too, waged further war against the Soviet Union, gave Germany permission to invade from northern Finland, and received war materials from Germany.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

However, according to its official alignment, Finland fought a separate war and was not an ally of Germany.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

[27] Germany's intention was to capture the European part of the Soviet Union up to the Astrahan-Arkhangelsk line.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

[28] The initial phase of the offensive went well and a lot of Red Army troops were taken prisoner.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

German forces blockaded Leningrad and advanced near Moscow, but were unable to retake the city and during the winter of 1941—1942, the Red Army was capable of numerous counterattacks.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Military material aid from Western powers helped the Soviet Union withstand the worst of the shortage.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

In the summer of 1942, the focus of the German offensive shifted south towards the oil fields of the Caucasus, as the Panzer Corps suffered from a lack of fuel.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Germany conquered the oilfields of the Caucasus, but they were met with disappointment, as the Soviets had set fire to the entire oil field after their retreat.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

No fuel was found for the Panzer Corps and the situation became difficult, as fuel was insufficient for any more attacks or battles.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

In the autumn, the advance ended in a bloody three-month battle for the city of Stalingrad along the Volga.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

While the battle for the city was underway, the Soviet Army gathered troops, encircling the German 6th Army in the Stalingrad region (Operation Uranus).


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

In the operation, 300,000 [29] German soldiers were motivated to the ruined city.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Hitler promoted the leader of the 6th Army, Friedrich Paulus, to marshal, indirectly ordering the troops commanded by him to defend the city to the last man.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

[29] Later, Don, an army group led by von Manstein, tried to help the Germans at Stalingrad, reaching as far as about 50 km from the city.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

However, Paulus's forces did not go out against, which could have saved the 6th Army from total destruction.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Eventually the army group was driven back, and the Germans' battle for Stalingrad began to be hopeless.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Rippled by Paulus's army, 91,000 men surrendered on February 2, 1943.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Due to harsh conditions, more than half of the prisoners died during the winter, with a final death rate of 95%.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

It was the first time a German marshal has ever in history surrendered to an enemy.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Hitler noted Paulus's promotion to be the last time he would promote anyone to marshal in a time of war.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

[29] In the spring, the Germans attacked again and recaptured the city of Kharkov.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

In July 1943, the largest tank battle in history took place near the city of Kursk as the Germans took advantage against the fortified Soviet front.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The invasion of Italy and the Soviet counterattack forced the Germans to abort the offensive without achieving their objectives.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The initiative on the Eastern Front passed definitively to the Soviet Union.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

By the end of the year, the Red Army had already advanced to Smolensk and Kiev.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

At the beginning of 1944, Soviet forces already reached the Polish border and ended the blockade of Leningrad.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

In June, an offensive began on the Karelian Isthmus, for which the fierce fighting that ensued finally prompted Finland and the Soviet Union to conclude a separate peace on 19 September.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Shortly before this, an attempted German invasion of Suursaari, which was held by Finnish troops, led to the Lapland War.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

On 22 June, the Soviet Operation Bagration began; an attack of 2.5 million troops and 6000 tanks on a 700km long front line [30].


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The German Central Army Group of 400,000 troops was completely destroyed and 85,000 soldiers were captured [31].


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Romania surrendered in August and Bulgaria, part of the Axis powers, in September.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The Germans withdrew from the Balkans and managed to maintain their position in Hungary until February 1945.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

On April 14, 1945, Soviet troops took Vienna.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The final assault on Berlin began on 16 April, ending with the takeover of Berlin on 2 May 1945.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The great importance of the Eastern Front in World War II is well illustrated by the fact that as many as 80% of German male losses came on the Eastern Front.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

[32] North Africa In North Africa 1940 the British had repelled Italian invasions of Egypt, and had been very successful in their counterattacks, so Germany was forced to send troops to Italy's aid.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The Axis powers fought a successful war between now and 1942 under Erwin Rommel, until Allied forces defeated German-Italian forces at the Battle of El Alamein in October/November 1942.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

In Tunisia, resistance ended in May 1943.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

By late 1941, the United States had become involved in warfare.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Josif Stalin called for Western powers to open a second front in Europe.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

However, the advance was first initiated in North Africa with the landings on 8 November 1942.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Germany decided to take over even the unmanned parts of France because of suspicion against the French.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

After the Germans had been expelled in North Africa, the invasion of Sicily followed on 10 July 1943.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

There had been dissatisfaction with the war in Italy, and the country withdrew from the war: Mussolini was forced to resign and Italy concluded an armistice on 3 September 1943.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The Allies reached Rome on 4 June 1944, but the Social Republic of Northern Italy was held by the Germans until May 1945.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

North Africa also encompassed extensive naval warfare.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The survival of the British was to catch shipping convoys, which were capable of harassing by German aircraft and the Italian navy.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Although the Italian fleet was not considered a very likely threat, it nevertheless had enough ships in service to keep the Royal Navy on its toes in the Mediterranean.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

[33] Therefore, the British organised an airstrike on Taranto harbour from an aircraft carrier.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The planes were equipped with bombs and torpedoes and crippled the Italian surface fleet almost completely at the loss of only two Swordfish planes.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

[33] Italy From 1943 after the end of the fighting in North Africa to the surrender of the Axis powers forces in Tunisia, the Allies began preparations to form a second front.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The invasion of Sicily was a proposal by Churchill that would at the same time end the blockade of Malta.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Following the recapture of Sicily, the force was moved to Salerno, the Italian mainland, where an advance towards the north was begun.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The Allied advance was halted at Monte Cassino, where fierce fighting took place.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

After the line broke, the advance continued towards the north to Rome.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Western Front in the final stages of the war on 6 June 1944, the Allies made a landings in Normandy, which surprised the German defences.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

In August 1944, the Allies made an invasion of the Riviera.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The Allies reached Paris on 25 August 1944.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

By late 1944, fighting was already taking place in the Netherlands and Alsas-Lothringen.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Because of adversity, a conspiracy had arisen among German officers attempting to kill Hitler with a bomb on 20 July 1944.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

[34] The resistance was crushed and the Germans gathered their forces and made a counter-attack on the western front in the Ardennes.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Despite the initial success, maintenance problems and fuel shortages brought the Wehrmacht's armour tip to a halt and the attack was halted.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The goal Antwerp remained only 100 kilometers away.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Under Allied pressure, Germany no longer had the forces to hold the positions it had reached, but was forced to begin a final retreat across the Rhine.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The defences of the German territory were broken between January and April 1945.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The Allies had agreed to be an occupation frontier on the Elbe River, and the Red Army and Western Allied forces encountered there on 25 April 1945.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Mussolini was killed on 28 April and Hitler committed suicide on 30 April.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Germany surrendered for good on 8 May.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The war in Europe had ended in Allied victory.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Germany was divided between France, Britain, the United States and the Soviet Union into occupation zones.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Also, the German capital Berlin, which remained in the Soviet occupation zone was divided between the three winning powers and France into zones.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The Allies divided Austria into four occupation zones, which later became independent as the Austrian state.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Later, relations between the Soviet Union and the Western Allies became tighter, leading to the Cold War.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Pacific War The Imperial Japanese Navy Air Force bombed the United States Naval Base at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The attack destroyed most of the U.S. Pacific Fleet and caused the United States to enter the war on the Allied side.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Japan next launched a major offensive into Malaysia, Borneo and the Philippines, capturing Singapore from the Britons, among others.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The Japanese victory passage continued until May 1942, when the takeover of Port Moresby failed thanks to opposition from the U.S. Navy.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

A month later Japan sent a powerful naval contingent to take over the Midway base atoll in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, but surprisingly the American air gun managed to sink four Japanese aircraft carriers in the Battle of Midway [35] [36] partly for good fortune, partly for better because of tactics and reconnaissance — crash bombers were allowed to leisurely bomb aircraft carriers whose decks were filled with bombs, torpedoes and fuel.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The vein blow meant Japan was put on the defensive.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Through a long and heavy campaign, the Allies recaptured territories occupied by Japan.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The Marines and Navy played a key role in capturing Iwo Jima and Okinawa, among others, in bloody battles.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The outnumbered Japanese resorted to kamikaze tactics, suicide attacks by aircraft and baka bombs against US ships.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Specific tactics such as ramming (ramming) were developed against B-29 bombers.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

[37] [38] From the captured islands, the United States began intense air operations against the main Japanese islands and, for example, the bombardment of Tokyo became the largest operation of its kind up to that point.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

In 1945, too, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan, recapturing Manchuria.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

On August 15, 1945, a week after the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan surrendered and was occupied.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

[39] More people died in war in World War II than in any war before or since.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Estimates of the number of people who perished vary between 50 million and 70 million.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Between 22 million and 25 million soldiers were killed, and civilian casualties totaled between 40 and 52 million.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Consequences of war Europe After World War II, Europe was in political, economic and social crisis.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Many major cities that flourished before the war had been disposed of into piles of rubble and millions of people had been left homeless.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Infrastructure, agriculture and industry suffered immense devastation, especially in Central and Eastern Europe.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Britain and France were among the winning nations of the war, but their status as global superpowers had been destroyed by warfare.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The Marshall Plan, named after him, was initiated by U.S. Secretary of State George C. Marshall to finance the reconstruction of Europe with $13 billion (about one hundred billion dollars at current exchange values) donated by the United States.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The Soviet Union did not agree to participate in the economic program and withheld development aid from Eastern Bloc countries.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

By the 1950s, Western European countries participating in the Marshall Plan exceeded pre-war production figures and had become political and military allies of the United States.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

After the war, Western European countries rejected the idea of white supremacy and condemned the conduct of human rights abuses and war crimes.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

They began to build rules of law based on human rights, democracy, egalitarianism, the principle of legality and multilateralism.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Western European countries wanted to consolidate respect for democracy and human rights by establishing the Council of Europe as a cooperative organisation in 1949.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

In 1951, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg created the European Coal and Steel Community to prevent European states from being able to freely obtain coal and steel for the arms race.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The European Coal and Steel Community was also intended to end hostilities between France and Germany.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The creation of the Cooperation Organizations of European States led to European integration in the following decades.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

European integration, in turn, culminated in the creation of the European Union in 1992.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The Allies occupied Germany and divided the country into occupation zones that were under US, British, French and Soviet control.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The country's capital Berlin was separately divided into occupation zones.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Berlin's infrastructure had experienced severe destruction from the trail of urban combat and other major German population centres such as Essen, Dortmund, Dresden, Frankfurt am Main, Munich, Hamburg, Cologne and Stuttgart had been razed to the ground by aerial bombardment.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The US confiscated technological know-how and all patents from Germany.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The industrial area of the Ruhr was under international control and until 1957 the Saarland was held by the French.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The Germans had to pay war reparations partly through forced labour in Central Europe and the Soviet Union.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

German society experienced not only infrastructure collapse but deep national humiliation.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

In a denazification aimed at dismantling the former National Socialist system, Germans were made to feel collective guilt about Hitler's rise to power, the outbreak of war and massacres committed by the Nazis.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The public display of German symbols, such as the swastika and the Heil Hitler salute, was made punishable acts by law.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Millions of German citizens and ethnic Germans were driven out of German-occupied countries in Operation Keelhaul, in which tens of thousands of people died.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

As the Cold War intensified, Western powers allowed Germans into German territory to establish a 1948 German Parliamentary Committee, which drafted a 1949 constitution for the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany), which was capitalist.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Similarly, in the Soviet-occupied part of German territory, the communist German Democratic Republic (East Germany) emerged, whose leaders mostly came with Soviet troops to Germany at the end of the war.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Later, the Wall that divided Berlin in two (1961—1989) became a symbol of the Iron Curtain dividing Europe's capitalist west and communist east and the Cold War as a whole.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The abolition of the German dictatorship led to political changes: the Federal Republic of Germany quickly democratised, adopting the multi-party system already existed in the Weimar Republic, while East Germany, or GDR, became a communist one-party dictatorship.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The Federal Republic's economy prospered in the 1950s and the country had one of the most stable economies in Europe, but the GDR economy was weak due to war reparations paid to the Soviet Union and its planned economy was not as competitive as the open market economy of the Federal Republic of Germany.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

In 1989, the Berlin Wall came down and in 1990, Germany was reunified as the Federal Republic of Germany, meaning the GDR was annexed into the Federal Republic of Germany.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Austria was also under Allied occupation and experienced denazification, but the occupation ended up definitively as early as 1955.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The country adopted a mixed economy and neutrality policy, rising to the ranks of Europe's developed industrialized nations.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

As Britain and France waned, the Soviet Union became a political, military and economic world power, but it was also the nation worst affected by the ravages of war.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The Eastern Front had been the most large-scale battletanner of the entire war, as it was the venue for the most devastating battles and massacres of the war, as well as almost all death marches, extermination camps and ghettos.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The Soviet Union financed the reconstruction with war reparations received from the Axis forces and began an economic recovery.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The Soviet Union also achieved considerable expansions of territory by annexing the Baltic States as a whole in Europe, the outer islands of the Gulf of Finland, the eastern parts of the municipalities of Salla and Kuusamo, Petsamo and the majority of Karelia belonging to Finland, half of the Eastern part of Germany Prussia (Kaliningrad region), the territories east of the Curzon line belonging to Poland, Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina to Romania, and South Sakhalin and Kuril that belonged to Japan in Asia.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

On the other hand, Poland was annexed the easternmost part of the former German territories up to the Oder—Neisse line.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

From these territories annexed to Poland, as well as the Sudeten territories returned to Czechoslovakia, were expelled after the war the entire German population living in them.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Fearing a repeat of the German war of aggression, the Soviet Union decided to create a buffer countries exclusion zone as a barrier to further attacks from the West.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

At the end of the war, the Soviet Union occupied Poland and Czechoslovakia, which had been conquered by Germany, Romania, Hungary and Bulgaria as well as the Axis powers, and Soviet troops remained in these countries even after the war.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

With Soviet support, communist parties rose to power in all these countries after the war, as well as in the GDR, and they remained in power until the fold of the 1980s and 1990s.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Massacres enforced by Germany caused immense devastation to civilian populations throughout Eastern Europe.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The Nazis attempt to completely destroy the Polish nation-state for German settler settlement, forcibly displacing the population into concentration camps and plundering all economic resources.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

More than half of Poland's nobility, clergy, intellectuals and academically educated people were murdered.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Belarus lost a quarter of its population and almost its entire Jewish minority.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The Ukrainian and Yugoslav populations also experienced tremendous eradication.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

In the Soviet Union, civilians died in millions not only in fighting and massacres, but also in famine and the Nazi slave labor program.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Germany's goal was to destroy the Soviet state, colonize Russia with German settlers, and subjugate the Slavs to forced labour by the Germans.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Of the world's 15 million Jews, one-third were eradicated in the final phase of the Final Solution, the Holocaust.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

[40] Up to 90 percent of the three million Jews in the Ashkenasi Jewish heartland of Poland were killed.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

In the Holocaust, millions of members of other ethnic groups such as Slavs and Roma, as well as politically and socially undesirable persons, were also killed in the Holocaust.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Asia Japan's surrender to the Allies led to the US occupation regime.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Japanese society was in a state of turmoil in its first years of occupation and homelessness and food shortages prevailed in bombed-out cities.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

U.S. President Harry S. Truman appointed General Douglas MacArthur as Commander-in-Chief of the Japanese Occupation Administration and Commander of the SCAP Control Commission to lead the democratization and disarmament of the country.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The occupation involved not only the US but also international troops from the British Commonwealth.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

In 1952, Japan became a sovereign state, but Okinawa was held by the United States until 1972 and the island has served until the present day as a US military base.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

In territorial credentials, Japan lost its takeover of Korea to the United States and the Soviet Union in the early 20th century, the island of Taiwan to China, South Sakhalin and the Kurills to the Soviet Union, and the Ryūkyūū Islands to the United States, but the latter were given back to Japan upon the end of the occupation of Okinawa.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The Japanese who lived in Manchukuo, Korea and Taiwan were deported to their homeland.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

MacArthur excluded Emperor Hirohito and the imperial family from the war crimes trials in order to establish a symbol for the unity of the Japanese people.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The post of emperor became a ceremonial institution and in order to dismantle the imperial cult, Hirohito had to inform the people that he was not of divine origin.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The war defeat was a subject of immense national shame and profound humiliation for the Japanese, who had a strong sense of tribute stemming from age-old folklore.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The United States initiated the modernization and Westernization of Japan, which culminated into the pacifist 1947 constitution.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

It says Japan is a parliamentary democracy and a rule of law that abides by human rights.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The ninth article of the Constitution ensured the demilitarization of Japan by denying Japan warfare in all political and military conflicts, as well as the maintenance of the armed forces.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The country also gave women the right to vote, dissolved conglomerates known as zaibatsu, and implemented land and education reforms.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

In the 1950s, Japan experienced phenomenal economic growth as one of the world's most technologically advanced countries and leading economic powers.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The fracture of the military might of the Empire of Japan and the end of occupying powers over the lands it conquered had far-reaching political implications for the countries of East and Southeast Asia.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

During the war, Japan had occupied many of the Far Eastern colonies that belonged to European countries, abolishing their European colonialist rule.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

After the war, the mother countries attempted to reconquer their colonies, but under the influence of the independence movements that influenced those countries, the mother countries no longer gained a political foothold.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

In 1947, the British main colony of India gained independence, whose independence treaty created the states of Hindu-majority India and Muslim-majority Pakistan.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The French attempt to regain control of the colonies in Indochina led to the Indochina War.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

At the 1954 Geneva Conference, France recognized Vietnam's independence, and France's defeat in the war also led to Laos and Cambodia gaining independence.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

However, Vietnam's bifurcation into North and South Vietnam later led to the Vietnam War.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

In 1949, an independent Indonesian state emerged on the site of the Dutch East Indies


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The wave of independence of Asian countries contributed to the fact that, in other parts of the world, colonies became independent within the next few decades.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

After the end of the Japanese occupying power, the Philippines continued to complete the independence process, becoming a sovereign state in 1946.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

In 1948, the capitalist Republic of Korea (South Korea) and the communist Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) and the communist Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) emerged.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

South and North Korea fought the 1950—1953 Korean War, for which no definitive armistice agreement was signed.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

In China, General Chiang Kai-šek lost the civil war to Mao Zedong, who in 1949 founded the People's Republic of China.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Chiang Kai-šek and his supporters fled to the island of Taiwan, which gained independence in 1950 as the Republic of China.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

In the 1960s, South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore became the economically developed “Tigers of Asia”, and the People's Republic of China became Asia's political and military powerhouse.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The fierce anti-Semitism of Germany and the genocide of Jews in the Holocaust intensified support for Zionism and calls for the establishment of an independent state as a refuge for the world's Jews.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

On November 29, 1947, the United Nations General Assembly decided on the creation of a Jewish state for the British Mandate of Palestine in the Middle East, which had widely survived the ravages of war untouched.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Under the plan, a state for Muslim Arabs was also to be established next to the Jewish state in the former Mandate area.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The Jewish community accepted the plan, but accordingly, almost all Arab leaders rejected it because they did not agree to share Palestine with the Jews.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The conflict between Zionism and Arab nationalism was deepened by a religious dispute over Jerusalem in Palestine, a holy city for both Judaism and Islam.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

In 1948, the Jewish State of Israel issued a Declaration of Independence, followed by Israel's War of Independence against Arab lands and the Palestinian refugee issue over the fate of Palestinians who went into exile.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The hostility and political tension between Arab countries and Israel, known as the Arab—Israeli conflict, has continued to the present day.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

World Politics After World War II, the winning states wanted to consolidate understanding between nations and guarantee the maintenance of international peace by signing the Charter of the United Nations on 26 June 1945 and establishing the United Nations Charter on 24 October 1945 nations as the successor to the League of Nations.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The League of Nations had been established as a peace organisation to prevent the Great War following World War I, but was deemed to have failed in the mission and the organisation was dissolved in 1946.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

In 1948, the Third General Assembly of the United Nations adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which stressed the importance of human rights to world peace and the well-being of humanity.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The message of the declaration reflected the world consensus condemning the war of aggression and the Holocaust initiated by Germany.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

On July 18, 1950, UNESCO issued a statement titled The Race Question, condemning racial discrimination and racial hygiene policies in all its forms and revoking as unfounded the big-nationalist and pseudo-scientific notions of certain human races that prevailed in the first half of the 20th century of inferiority.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

In a new world political climate that emphasizes international relations, far-right political ideas founded on totalitarianism, militarism, nationalism and racism no longer gained ground in European countries, except in Phalangist Spain, which democratised after the death of dictator Francisco Franco in 1975.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Fascism and National Socialism in the 1930s disappeared almost completely from the political map of Europe, and the Nazis in particular began to be weaned out of the influence of German expansionist policies on the outbreak of World War I, aggressive warfare and genocide of ethnic minorities.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The war winning states attributed the popular popularity of far-right governments of the Axis powers to the economic chaos of the 1930s Depression and subsequent social distress, hence the International Monetary Fund, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and Bretton Woods the system was set up to prevent another collapse of the world economy.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

After the end of the war, the Allies held war crimes trials in Europe and Asia for political and military leaders of the Axis powers to demonstrate that international law does not accept violations of the rules of war.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

In Germany, the National Socialist Workers' Party, Gestapo, SS and SD were declared illegal criminal organizations whose members had to be jailed and tried for their war crimes and human rights abuses.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

At the Nuremberg Trials of 1946, Germany's highest-ranking politicians and military leaders of the war were sentenced to death or prison sentences.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The Nuremberg Trials were the first international war crimes tribunal.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Drafted through litigation, the Nuremberg Code is one of the cornerstones of modern medical ethics.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The trials also categorized the definitions of “crime against humanity” and “crime against peace” as serious human rights violations, for which those perpetrated must be brought to trial under international law.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Seven war crimes trials in Poland declared the former Polish Governor-General illegal and imposed death penalties in the Governor-General on Nazi war criminals involved in the Holocaust.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

There were also trials in Europe for leaders of Germany's allies and, through joint action with German occupiers, politicians guilty of treason, such as Romanian dictator Ion Antonescu, Vichy French head of state Philippe Pétain, and Norway's puppet government to Prime Minister Vidkun Quisling.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

At the Tokyo International War Crimes Tribunal, members of the government and military leaders of the Empire of Japan were sentenced to punishments similar to those in Nuremberg in Europe.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Trials at the Tokyo International War Crimes Tribunal also convicted members of the Imperial Japanese Army officers involved in war crimes in Manchuria, the Philippines and other Japanese-occupied territories.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The convictions of war crimes trials were based on the 1928 Kellogg—Briand Treaty, which prohibited warfare as a tool of politics.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The Second World War contributed to the end of centuries of imperialism and colonialism, and in particular the colonial rule of Europeans.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The Allies had emphasized the sovereignty and freedom of peoples in the war, making it difficult for the Western powers to justify their colonial rule.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Moreover, during the war, for example, Britain had promised many colonies independence after the war.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The war had put a strain on the colonies and they were forced to finance the rebuilding of their mother lands.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The politics of the mother countries provoked outrage in the colonies, where World War II was mainly considered to be Europe's war, rather than their war.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The success of the Asian Empire of Japan in World War II had also shown that European colonial hosts were not invincible, contributing to emboldening the colonies to demand independence.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Attempts for independence by the European colonies began decolonization in Asia and Africa, which continued until the end of the 20th century.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The final fracture of the British Empire, which still flourished at the beginning of the 20th century, was not only due to the economic losses of the war, but also to the decolonisation of the colonies.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

After independence, however, the former colonies of the British Empire decided to join the Commonwealth, which had been established in 1931 by Britain and some of its former colonies that had already become independent.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Britain, France, Germany and Japan emerged as leading states by the United States and the Soviet Union, whose global political, economic and military influence made them superpowers.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The United States had been spared the destruction of infrastructure and industry in the war, making it the most powerful and technologically advanced nation in the world immediately after the end of the war.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

However, the Soviet Union achieved military and political overdomination by occupying Eastern Europe and establishing new communist dictatorships.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

By the time of Germany's collapse, Europe had been divided ideologically into a capitalist west and a communist east, and political and economic divisions between the superpowers led to nearly the next five decades of Cold War.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Superpowers acquired allies in Third World developing countries and waged indirect warfare in them by means of surrogate warfare.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

They also established military alliances among European allies, the United States NATO and the Soviet Union the Warsaw Pact.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Both superpowers were also in possession of a nuclear weapon invented in World War II, which for the first time gave humanity the ability to eradicate itself to extinction in a very short term.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The fall of communist dictatorships in Eastern Europe in the revolutions of 1989 and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 ended the Cold War.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

President Harry S. Truman declared hostilities with Germany ceased on December 31, 1946.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

In the Paris Peace Treaty of 10 February 1947, the United States, Britain, France and the Soviet Union negotiated peace treaties with Italy, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria and Finland, which were part of the Axis powers.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

On September 8, 1951, 49 countries signed the San Francisco Treaty, which went into effect on April 28, 1952.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The treaty formally ended World War II, established peace between Japan and the Allies, and imposed war reparations for Japanese war crimes victims.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The state of war between the United States and Germany ended with President Truman and the United States Congress by decision of October 19, 1951, but the state of war between the Soviet Union and Germany did not end until 1955.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

On September 12, 1990, the United States, Britain, France, the Soviet Union, West Germany, and East Germany entered into an agreement of unification of Germans, which went into effect on March 15, 1991.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The treaty made the Federal Republic of Germany a fully sovereign state, gave it sovereignty over its capital Berlin, and finally ended World War II in Europe.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the last troops of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation left Germany in 1994.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Beevor, Antony| title = Second World War| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2012| version = (The Second World War, 2012.)


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Translated by Jorma-Veikko Sappinen| id = ISBN 978-951-0-36462-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Burleigh, Michael| title = Third Reich: New History| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2004| version = (The Third Reich: A New History, 2000).


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Translated by Seppo Hyrkä| id = ISBN 951-0-28721-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Carell, Paul| title = Scorched Earth: Fights between the Volga and Vistula | location = Jyväskylä | publisher = Gummerus| year = 2005| version = (Verbrannte Erde: Schlacht zwis| publisher = Gummerus| year = 2005| version = (Verbrannte Erde: Schlacht zwis| publisher = Gummerus| year = 2005| version = (Verbrannte Chen Wolga und Weichsel, 1964.)


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Translated by Raimo Arhela.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

View edition (1st edition 1967) | id = ISBN 951-20-6814-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hastings, Max| title = World on Fire | location = Jyväskylä | publisher = Docendo| year = 2012| version = (All Hell Let Loose: The World at War 1939—1945, 2011.)


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Translated by Panu Vääänen| id = ISBN 978-952-5912-39-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Heikkonen, Esko — Ojakoski, Matti — Väisänen, Jaakko| title = World of Changes: Inter-Arrondiss| publisher = WSOY| year = 2008}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Housden, Martyn| title = Hitler — Study of a Revolutionary? | publisher = Routledge| year = 2000}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Maiolo, Joseph A.| title = The Royal Navy and Nazi Germany, 1933—39| location = London| publisher = Palgrave Macmillan| year = 1998}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Roberts, Andrew| title = Storm of War: A New History of World War II| publisher = Thought | year = 2010| version=( The Storm of War: A New History of the Second World War, 2009.)


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Translated by Simo Liikanen| id = ISBN 978-951-20-8264-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Spector, Ronald H.| title = Eagle Against the Sun — The American War With Japan| publisher = Cassell| year = 2001| id = ISBN 0-304-35979-3| page = 95} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Snyder, Louis L.| title = Encyclopedia of the Third Reich| publisher = Wordsworth Editions| year = 1998| id = ISBN 1-85326-684-1}} Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Torbacke, Jarl| title = First and Second World War| others = Translated by Heikki Eskelinen| number = Axis Powers and Anti-Comintern Contract| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 1995| id = ISBN 951-1-13623-2| pages = 176-178}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Torbacke, Jarl| title = First and Second World War| others = Translated by Heikki Eskelinen| number = Mussolini War| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 1995| id = ISBN 951-1-13623-2| pages = 245—246}} Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) References On the topic elsewhere Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

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Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

— a brief overview of Facts and Fascism (1943) by George Seldes The Senate Military Affairs Subcommittee on War Mobilization, headed by Senator Harley M. Kilgore, held several hearings throughout the second half of 1945 focused that on German economic penetration of neutral countries, elimination of German resources for war, German's resources for a third world war, etc.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

The Archives are at Nara's Center for Legislative Archives in the Archives I building.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

for Holocaust research.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

I.G.


Question: Are all post-WWII treaties in place on this day?

World War II

Farben (1947) by Richard Sasuly Category:Key articles of screening


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

A moose head rod is a rod in use in the Stone Age with a knob resembling a moose head carved on its head.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

Rods are most often made from horn and sometimes elk bone.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

Several deer head rods have been found in Baltic and Russian squid and marsh archaeological habitations.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

Signs of their use have been found in a large area covering the regions of Fennoscandia and Eastern Europe as far as the Urals.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

[1] Elk head rods are known to have been used as early as the Mesolithic Stone Age around 7000 BCE.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

from and the youngest known rods are set at the beginning of the metal age around 1500 BCE.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

Petroglyphs and paintings depict elk head rods in their use situations.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

The images are timed to less than 6000 BC.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

and over 2000 BC.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

[1] Moose Head Rods Use Elk head sticks are part of a more common way of depicting any animal figure on an object that may be a stool, rod, symbolic percussion weapon, ornament or idol.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

On the other hand, a bear, deer, waterfowl, snake, wild boar or mammoth can also be selected for life.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

If a moose or other animal is carved into a spoon, for example, it can only be considered an ornament, although in modern times one cannot be quite sure of the Stone Age purpose.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

If the head of the animal is located at the end of a short rod, it is assumed that something magical has been done with the rod.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

The animal depicted then represents some object to be pursued in magic.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

In the case of a moose head rod, the target might be the elk holder or the moose itself.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

[2] Peurasaari crest on the larger island of Deer in the northern part of Lake Sääinen in Russian Karelia is a deer head rod found in its Mesolithic cage (Figure [3]), which is perhaps the most spectacular of the known rods.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

It is 51 centimetres long, and has a head length of 16 centimetres, measured from behind the ear to the tip of the safety.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

Its neck has five comb-like projections in the series depicting a moose's neck crest and two long ears towering behind its eyes.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

The rod was found in a grave on the deceased's breasts.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

The abundant antics given to the deceased led scholars to consider this a shaman.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

[4] Two other rods are also known from the same rods.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

They are simpler in structure.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

The larger rod is 41 centimeters long, and its head is 18 centimeters long.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

The features of the rod are inaccurate due to rotting.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

The third rod is the shortest.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

The head is 15 centimeters long and has a carved ear and a turf shaped like a moose.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

The rod stem is only 20 centimeters long.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

The rods are dated to around 7000 BCE.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

− around 5500 BCE.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

(Figure [4]).


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

[4] A deer head rod, which was only 12 centimetres long and appeared to be broken, has been found in a joint grave number 274−278 in the Zvejniek crest in the Zvejniek squid in northern Latvia.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

The moose's turf is recognisable, its eyes are protruding and its ears are backward-bent.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

The rod is connected to combed ceramic culture and timed to around 4000 BCE.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

[4] Three deer head rods have been found in a squid studied in Šventoji, Lithuania.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

Only two of the rods can be confidently identified as moose based on their safety, eye and ear design.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

The rods have been found in the squid Šventoji 3B.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

In another squid Šventoji 4B, a small flat rod stub was found posing as a moose or deer animal.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

It is only 14 centimeters long.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

The rods are timed according to the place of residence to 4000−3000 BCE and are connected to the Narva culture.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

[4] The deer head of Lehtojärvi on Lehtojärvi in Rovaniemi was found in a marsh near the lake a 37 centimeter sculpture of pine.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

It is timed for the year 5790 BCE.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

[5], making it a Mesolithic Stone Age artifact.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

Behind the head are carved burrows for attachment, but the stem was not found.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

The most common guess is that the moose head belonged to be the figurehead of the boat.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

No Mesolithic boats are known, so the mode of use remains open to that extent.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

Other discovery sites have been found in the Deer Island squid on the Kola Peninsula, 12 elk head rods.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

Other discoveries elsewhere are known to be several: Majak II, Modlona, Riigikula III in Narva, as well as Villa in southern Estonia, Malmuta estuary, Kretuonas I, Zamostje 2, Sahtyš I, Volodary, Chornaya Gora, Tokjoki crest, Annin Ostrov, Šigir (photo [6]) and Kalmatsky Brod.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

[1] Deerhead rods have been deerhead rods in Northern Europe as a variation of deer head rods.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

7 rods have been found in the Peurasaari crest of Kola, whose manufacture and structure differs from other deer head rods.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

These have only been in use for a short time and are considered a phenomenon different from the mainstream.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

[1] Flintstone deer head objects Only five types of deer head weapons are known from stone and their range is limited to southern Finland and Karelia.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

A stony moose head has a hole drilled into which a wooden stem is attached.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

The most famous is the Huittinen deer head, which is Mesolithic in origin (Figure [7]).


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

The deer head fragment of the Neolithic Sack Lake also belongs to this group (Figure [8]).


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

A badly decomposed moose head was found in Lake Kortes (photo [9]).


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

Also in Russia, three deer-headed stone objects are known: Kalmatskiy Brod, Petrozavodsk (Petrozavodsk) and Karelian Pyhäjärvi.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

[1] Huittinen deer head, soapstone Elk shaped ceremonial 'axe' Rock paintings and drawings In Fennoscandia rock images the deer head rod appears in many picture fields.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

In Alta rock images in northern Norway there are more than 30 known, in Vingen rock images in southern Norway about 20 rods are known.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

Vingen's images are timed to the late Mesolithic period.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

The rock images of Nämforsen, Sweden, show several rods.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

In Russia, on the Kola Peninsula, four rods appear in the petroglyphs of Kanozero and two rods appear in petroglyphs of the Uiku River on Zalvruga Island.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

The images of Zalavruga are timed to the end of the Neolithic period.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

In the toned petroglyph area on the eastern shore of the lake, no rod images appear to exist, although in the Deer Island squid they have been found in graves.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

[1] Photos tell about the use of rods.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

Alta and Zalavruga have a total of four picture fields, where two men carrying elk head rods stand opposite each other.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

The most impressive picture is of five men, all with sticks in their hands.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

In one of Kanozero's pictures, a man holding a wand points it at a group of people next to them.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

Men carrying Nämforss rods also have some function when there are four of them in a long boat with other rowers at the same time.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

[1] In the images, the rods are usually held upright and aloft.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

Sometimes the rods are held horizontally with their arms straight up.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

The rods are held by individuals presumed to be men, which correlates well with observations of squads.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

In the studies of 12 graves, the deceased have been one woman in their 60s, excluding men.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

The rod is laid out in a grave next to the right thigh at arm's length.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

In rock images, people holding rods are often seen by men with tapered hats on their heads.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

Some have a phallus handsomely erect.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

The images apparently express the mythicism and status of the characters within the community.


Question: How long was the elk head rod found on Deer Island?

Moosehead rod

[1] Sources and references Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Huurre, Matti| title = 9000 years of prehistory of Finland| location = Keuruu| publisher = Otava| year = 2000| version = Rovaniemi deer head| id = ISBN 951-1-13753-0| page = 62}} Citation error, replace with {{ cite book| author = Rocky, Pekka| title = Rock images of Swedish fishing culture with Finnish eye| location = Jyväskylä | publisher = Copygrain| year = 2003| id = ISBN 952-5092-97-6| language = (in Finnish)}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Stoljar, Abram| title = Ancient Karelia wifespare | location = Tarto| publisher = FB and Media Group of LM| year = 2000| version = from Mäetagused Vol.17/18| id = ISSN 1406-9938| language = (in Estonian) | format = [online version] (pdf) | pages = 76-120}} References on the topic elsewhere in Heninen:, photo Dons maps: Category:Archaeological Artifacts Types Category:Prehistoric sculptures Category:Stone Age


Question: Who invented the specs?

Eyeglasses

Spectacles are an optical auxiliary device formed by a frame and lenses, or just lenses and pails, held in front of the eyes.


Question: Who invented the specs?

Eyeglasses

Sometimes glasses are considered solely for aesthetic reasons, but normally the function of eyeglasses is to help the person with refraction to see better.


Question: Who invented the specs?

Eyeglasses

Glasses are also used in post-lens surgeries and in conjunction with grey cataracts.


Question: Who invented the specs?

Eyeglasses

Plus and minus glasses Eyeglasses correcting a folding defect are often called plus and minus glasses.


Question: Who invented the specs?

Eyeglasses

Plus glasses that help to see close are also called reading glasses and their need is often associated with aging.


Question: Who invented the specs?

Eyeglasses

Minus glasses, in turn, correct myopia, that is, to improve far-away vision.


Question: Who invented the specs?

Eyeglasses

Eyewear lenses can also be two-power, with the upper part of the lens enhancing far seeing, the lower near seeing.


Question: Who invented the specs?

Eyeglasses

Astigmatism is treated with cylinder glasses with different radius of curvature from different directions.


Question: Who invented glasses?

Eyeglasses

Also, if necessary, strabismus can be treated with glasses with prism correction.


Question: Who invented glasses?

Eyeglasses

[1] The intensity of spectacles is expressed in dioptrias.


Question: Who invented glasses?

Eyeglasses

The diopter number indicates how far from the lens its focal point is.


Question: Who invented glasses?

Eyeglasses

Minus glasses are concave and have a cast focal point in front of the lens.


Question: Who invented glasses?

Eyeglasses

Plus glasses are convex and their focal point is behind the lens.


Question: Who invented glasses?

Eyeglasses

Darkening lenses Eyeglass lenses can be self-darkening, causing them to darken under the influence of UV radiation and lighten again when moving to darker.


Question: Who invented glasses?

Eyeglasses

In this case, the lenses contain some silver halogenoid, such as silver bromide.


Question: Who invented glasses?

Eyeglasses

Such eyeglass lenses are called phototropic lenses.


Question: Who invented glasses?

Eyeglasses

Material Previously, lenses for glasses were made of glass, but today they are mainly made of plastic.


Question: Who invented glasses?

Eyeglasses

Plastic lenses have a number of advantages over glass: for example, they are lighter and do not break as easily.


Question: Who invented glasses?

Eyeglasses

Frames The material for frames can be metal or plastic.


Question: Who invented glasses?

Eyeglasses

Initially, horn-rimmed frames have long since become plastic, although still look like a natural material.


Question: Who invented glasses?

Eyeglasses

[2] Sunglasses In addition to eye-enhancing eyeglasses, there are sunglasses that protect against glare and eye protection goggles for work and recreational use.


Question: Who invented glasses?

Eyeglasses

Protective glasses can be equipped with strengths, while correcting the folding defect.


Question: Who invented glasses?

Eyeglasses

History Spectacles were invented in northern Italy probably in the 1280s.


Question: Who invented glasses?

Eyeglasses

Salvino D'Armate has been claimed by several sources as the original inventor, but this information has been shown to be false, and the original inventor has remained unknown.


Question: Who invented glasses?

Eyeglasses

Arabs may have had magnifying glasses as early as the 12th century.


Question: Who invented glasses?

Eyeglasses

Emperor Nero is reported to have used the emerald to follow the gladiator races at the beginning of the time count.


Question: Who invented glasses?

Eyeglasses

[3] See also LCD Shutter Glasses Lornjet Monocle Nose Glasses Contact Lens Eye Diseases Sources On topic elsewhere Category:Eyeglasses Category:Key articles on screening


Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

James Macpherson (27 October 1736 in Ruthven, Inverness-shire — 17 February 1796 in Belville, Inverness-shire) [1] was a Scottish poet and collector of folk poetry.


Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

He is best known for his epic poetry The Songs of Ossian, which first appeared in English in 1765.


Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

He claimed it to be a collection of ancient poetry he collected from the Scottish Highlands as oral folklore and translated from Gaelic by a poet named Ossian, who lived in the 3rd century, although in reality Macpherson had written the poems predominantly from the authentic ones themselves based on ideas he borrowed from folk poems.


Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

The hoax was not definitively revealed until after his death.


Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

Macpherson, however, has been revered as a poet thanks to Ossian's songs and his work raised a public interest in old folk poetry in Europe.


Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

Life Early career James Macpherson's parents were farmers who were distantly related to the head of Clan Macpherson.


Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

[2] Macpherson studied at Aberdeen and the University of Edinburgh, where he probably drew influence from Hugh Blair, professor of eloquence.


Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

Without completing a degree, he returned in 1756 to his hometown of Ruthven and became a schoolteacher.


Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

[3] Macpherson's first collection of poetry The Highlander appeared in 1758, but did not attract greater attention.


Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

After this, he directed his attention to old Scottish folk poetry.


Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

He was reasonably proficient in Gaelic and began collecting old Gaelic poetry as well as writing down the oral folklore that had been preserved in his native region.


Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

He received encouragement for this from the poet John Home.


Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

[3] [1] Macpherson supplied Home with English versions of Scottish folk poems, which he said he collected and translated from early Gaelic texts himself.


Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

Home delivered the poems to Edinburgh, where they, with the help of financial support from Professor Blair, were published in 1760 as a collection of Fragments of Ancient Poetry collected in the Highlands of Scotland (“snippets of ancient poetry collected from the Highlands of Scotland”).


Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

[3] [4] [1] This collection comprises 16 poems written in an elegant and sentimental style whose subjects were similar to those found in old Celtic folk tales.


Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

[3] Following the positive reception of his first collection of folk poems by Ossia, Macpherson embarked on a new “collecting voyage”, resulting in Fingal, a six-volume epic published in 1762, and Temora, an eight-volume edition published in 1763.


Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

A compilation piece, The Poems of Ossian (Songs of Ossian), followed in 1765, comprising the contents of the previous two works, as well as some other poems.


Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

In connection with it, Macpherson published an account of a bard called Ossian, allegedly living in the fold of the 200th and 3rd centuries, who had written about, among other things, the feats of his father, the warrior Fingal, as well as the valour of the Scottish Celts in general.


Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

Macpherson claimed to have translated Ossian's poems into English from the original texts he possessed, although in reality he had written them mainly himself.


Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

Macpherson's publications received an enthusiastic reception from many, as the idea of great folk poetry awaiting its discovery in the Highlands greatly intensified the national sense of Scots, which had sunk into the downlands since the country fell into subjugation to England in the early 18th century.


Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

[3] [4] Ossian's songs were declared the national epic of Scotland.


Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

[3] In Fingal's preface, Macpherson said he preferred Scottish Celtic folk poetry even to Homer.


Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

Blair agreed with this assessment in his review of Ossian.


Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

[4] Some began to doubt Ossian's existence, as no second Gaelic script is known from the period before the 9th century.


Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

The doubters included the Scottish philosopher David Hume and especially the English writer Samuel Johnson, neither of whom, admittedly, knew Gaelic himself.


Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

[1] When Macpherson was required to show the original manuscripts, he sometimes claimed to have lost them, and sometimes that he had no time or afford to publish them.


Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

He published only small specimens in Gaelic that had in reality translated from English rather than vice versa.


Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

In 1784, a mesenate donated a large sum to Macpherson for the publication of the original texts.


Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

Macpherson spent the last 12 years of his life translating English poetry he had written into Gaelic so he could publish them as original Ossian texts.


Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

By the time he died, he had had time to complete eight books.


Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

His friends continued to work thereafter, and a Gaelic version of Ossian's songs was finally published in London in 1807.


Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

[4] Later career Along with folk poetry collections, Macpherson published in 1771 a presentation of Scottish nationalism with spirit of British history.


Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

[4] He also translated Homer's Iliah into English.


Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

From 1764 to 1766 in North America, Macpherson served as secretary to the Governor of Florida and thereafter worked as a civil servant in his native state.


Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

From 1781 he was the representative of the rich Indian Nawab of Arcot in London.


Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

[3] Macpherson was also from 1790 until his death a member of the House of Commons, representing Camelford, Cornwall.


Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

[3] [2] On his death in 1796, he was buried, in accordance with his own wish, in a place of honour in Westminster Abbey, London.


Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

[4] Aftermath Ossian's songs had an immense influence on European fiction and poetry of the Romantic period.


Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

[4] In England their authenticity was met with suspicion, but in continental Europe they were read with enthusiasm.


Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

[3] They were eventually revealed to be largely drawn up by Macpherson himself in the late 19th century.


Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

The artistic value of the work has been considered so great that Macpherson has generally been seen primarily as a talented poet rather than a forger.


Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

Macpherson's likely motive for committing forgeries has been seen as his desire to restore Scotland's lost honour.


Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

[4] See also Elias Lönnrot Sources on the topic elsewhere Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

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Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

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Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

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Question: When was James Macpherson born?

James Macpherson

University of Delaware Library Category:Scottish poets Category:Counterfeiters Category:Those born in 1736 Class:Dead in 1796


Question: What year did Hong Kong pass to China?

History of Hong Kong

Little is known about Hong Kong's history before the Chinese came to the area.


Question: What year did Hong Kong pass to China?

History of Hong Kong

The oldest sign of Chinese trade in Hong Kong territory date back more than 2000 years.


Question: What year did Hong Kong pass to China?

History of Hong Kong

[1] In the 19th century, the area became interested in the area.


Question: What year did Hong Kong pass to China?

History of Hong Kong

Britain wanted control of Hong Kong Island for the sake of a good port location.


Question: What year did Hong Kong pass to China?

History of Hong Kong

The place was well suited as a base for trade with China.


Question: What year did Hong Kong pass to China?

History of Hong Kong

Hong Kong passed to the Britons after the First Opium War in 1842.


Question: What year did Hong Kong pass to China?

History of Hong Kong

The colony of Hong Kong grew rapidly, and with a treaty following the Second Opium War, British control also passed to Kowloo in 1860.


Question: What year did Hong Kong pass to China?

History of Hong Kong

Later, the British expanded its territory in 1898 when it leased the New Territories from China for 99 years.


Question: What year did Hong Kong pass to China?

History of Hong Kong

[2] [3] When the lease expired in 1997, the British returned all of Hong Kong to China, as the territory had already grown so closely attached to China that it would have been impossible to draw a border line between the two countries.


Question: What year did Hong Kong pass to China?

History of Hong Kong

[3] [4] Prehistory There are few signs of prehistory in the area of Hong Kong.


Question: What year did Hong Kong pass to China?

History of Hong Kong

The earliest archaeological finds are dated to the Neolithic period, back about 6000 years.


Question: What year did Hong Kong pass to China?

History of Hong Kong

[1] [5] At the time, the people who lived in Hong Kong territory were related to the people of the Guangdong region.


Question: What year did Hong Kong pass to China?

History of Hong Kong

They belonged to the Yue population group who inhabited the entire territory of present-day South China all the way to Vietnam.


Question: What year did Hong Kong pass to China?

History of Hong Kong

[5] [6] The Yues were linguistically of AustroAsian or Malay-Polynesian origin.


Question: What year did Hong Kong pass to China?

History of Hong Kong

[1] Ironworks discoveries dated back to a later period, around 3500 years, suggest that the people of the Hong Kong region have been associated with the more northerly early Chinese dynasties.


Question: What year did Hong Kong pass to China?

History of Hong Kong

[1] People of the Yue tribe made their living from fishing, hunting and farming.


Question: What year did Hong Kong pass to China?

History of Hong Kong

[5] Early Chinese Dynasties There are signs of Chinese presence in the region dating back to the 12th century BCE, when the Qin and Han dynasties spheres of influence extended as far as Hong Kong territory.


Question: What year did Hong Kong pass to China?

History of Hong Kong

Under the influence of the Nanyue Kingdom, the territory of Hong Kong was in the 10th century BCE.


Question: What year did Hong Kong pass to China?

History of Hong Kong

[1] There are signs of foreign trade in the region dating back more than 2000 years.


Question: What year did Hong Kong pass to China?

History of Hong Kong

With the silk trade, Hong Kong territory grew in importance.


Question: What year did Hong Kong pass to China?

History of Hong Kong

China's main trading port was during the Tang Dynasty during the 6th—9th centuries in the Canton region, east of Hong Kong.


Question: What year did Hong Kong pass to China?

History of Hong Kong

Based in Hong Kong Territory, Tuen Mun served as a military base to secure commerce.


Question: What year did Hong Kong pass to China?

History of Hong Kong

[5] During the Song dynasty between the 9th and 13th centuries, the region was radically converted from the northern direction, the reason is thought to be the growth of Mongol influence.


Question: What year did Hong Kong pass to China?

History of Hong Kong

There are also signs of more permanent settlement in the area from that period.


Question: What year did Hong Kong pass to China?

History of Hong Kong

[1] [7] Migration continued during the Yuan dynasty in the 13th century, when the rest of China came under the rule of the Mongol Empire.


Question: What year did Hong Kong pass to China?

History of Hong Kong

[7] During the 13th—17th centuries, during the Ming dynasty, Hong Kong continued to grow and prosper with the production of salt, pearls and incense.


Question: What year did Hong Kong pass to China?

History of Hong Kong

Later, during the Ming dynasty, the manufacture of porcelain also began.


Question: What year did Hong Kong pass to China?

History of Hong Kong

Hong Kong was an early trading centre during the Ming Dynasty and the defences of the region were strengthened.


Question: What year did Hong Kong pass to China?

History of Hong Kong

[1] [7] Many of the villages in the New Territories arose during the Ming Dynasty.


Question: What year did Hong Kong pass to China?

History of Hong Kong

There was a reason for strengthening the defences of the area, as pirates posed danger to the area, and the new threat was the effectively armed Europeans who arrived in the area.


Question: What year did Hong Kong pass to China?

History of Hong Kong

[1] The arrival of Europeans The exploitation of Asia's natural resources and trading opportunities began to interest Europeans in increasing numbers in the 16th century.


Question: What year did Hong Kong pass to China?

History of Hong Kong

Canton was an important Chinese port city, which is why Europeans' interest in establishing a trading port near it grew.


Question: What year did Hong Kong pass to China?

History of Hong Kong

Regular trading between China and Europe began in 1557, when the Portuguese established their trading base in Macau.


Question: What year did Hong Kong pass to China?

History of Hong Kong

[7] [8] After the Portuguese established their base in Macau, British interest in Chinese trade grew.


Question: What year did Hong Kong pass to China?

History of Hong Kong

China was a fairly closed country, and opportunities for trade were limited.


Question: What year did Hong Kong pass to China?

History of Hong Kong

Until the 18th century, Europeans traded freely in Canton until in 1702 the Emperor of China appointed an official to oversee foreign trade.


Question: What year did Hong Kong pass to China?

History of Hong Kong

In 1720, the Chinese merchants' guild gained a monopoly on foreign trade.


Question: What year did Hong Kong pass to China?

History of Hong Kong

Among other things, the Trade Society set tariffs on foreigners' products and issued trading permits.


Question: What year did Hong Kong pass to China?

History of Hong Kong

[2] The East India Trade Company again controlled Chinese trade on the side of the British.


Question: What year did Hong Kong pass to China?

History of Hong Kong

The merchant company established their own warehouses in Canton for the trade in tea, silk and porcelain.