Question: How many political phantom trends are there?

History of the papacy

As a skilled organiser, he managed to finish the meeting, but it required a total of four sessions.


Question: How many political phantom trends are there?

History of the papacy

Paul VI's goal was to get the decisions of the ecclesiastical assembly approved by the largest possible majority, which led him to make many concessions to the conservative branch of the Catholic Church.


Question: How many political phantom trends are there?

History of the papacy

Therefore, the results of the ecclesiastical assembly were too reformist for conservatives and too old for radical reformers.


Question: How many political phantom trends are there?

History of the papacy

[28] Although the popularity of the Pope suffered from the direction of both quarters, Paul VI succeeded in restoring order from the trail of the assembly to the confused Catholic Church.


Question: How many political phantom trends are there?

History of the papacy

As pope, he also internationalised the church: the conclave that elected him pope had had 80 cardinals, at his death in 1978 there were 138.


Question: How many political phantom trends are there?

History of the papacy

[28] John Paul II — A Polish pontifex between Paul VI and John Paul II is a short pontificate lasting 34 days.


Question: How many political phantom trends are there?

History of the papacy

John Paul I was elected to the Papal See on 26 August 1978, and he died thirty-three days later.


Question: How many political phantom trends are there?

History of the papacy

The conclave was called for the second time that year, and now the cardinals had to convene on 14 October.


Question: How many political phantom trends are there?

History of the papacy

In the second conclave of 1978, John Paul I was elected as John Paul I's successor, Karol Wojtyla, a Pole who assumed John Paul II as his papacy title; doctrinically, John Paul II was more of a preserver than a reformer.


Question: How many political phantom trends are there?

History of the papacy

Despite external pressures, he stuck to the traditional interpretation of Christianity.


Question: How many political phantom trends are there?

History of the papacy

The Pope's policies were a combination of a progressive attitude towards social reform and an ultra-conservative moral doctrine.


Question: How many political phantom trends are there?

History of the papacy

The pope was implacably opposed to the female priesthood, contraception, homosexuality, genetic manipulation, liberation theology, abortion, euthanasia, the marital right of priests, transgenders, the war in Iraq, and the death penalty.


Question: How many political phantom trends are there?

History of the papacy

He advocated radical action to eradicate poverty, e.g.


Question: How many political phantom trends are there?

History of the papacy

debt forgiveness of poor countries.


Question: How many political phantom trends are there?

History of the papacy

He tried to get a mention of Christianity into the EU constitution.


Question: How many political phantom trends are there?

History of the papacy

Typically in the contemporary direction of Christianity, much of the conflict between the Pope and the European secular world concerned issues of sexual morality.


Question: How many political phantom trends are there?

History of the papacy

With his vigorous and prominent appearances, the Pope gained much media exposure in the world and during his long tenure he became an important morale influencer.


Question: How many political phantom trends are there?

History of the papacy

The pope's importance in the implosion of communism in eastern Europe, and especially in Poland, was particularly great.


Question: How many political phantom trends are there?

History of the papacy

[31] John Paul II's long term ended with his death on April 2, 2005.


Question: How many political phantom trends are there?

History of the papacy

Vatican officials have begun to refer to the pope after his death John Paul the Great, [32] which is a considerable tribute as only two previous popes have used that name, all of them were later declared saints.


Question: How many political phantom trends are there?

History of the papacy

The Vatican justifies the use of the name by the fact that the pope fundamentally restructured the institution by making the Pope a global influencer while upholding the core values of the church.


Question: How many political phantom trends are there?

History of the papacy

In the view of critics, the pope was unable to meet the challenges of modernity, did not undertake necessary reforms and therefore does not deserve to be called great.


Question: How many political phantom trends are there?

History of the papacy

However, the generalization of the name into use depends on the common people.


Question: How many political phantom trends are there?

History of the papacy

There is currently no evidence of generalisation.


Question: How many political phantom trends are there?

History of the papacy

The papacy of the present day Benedict XVI Joseph Alois Ratzinger was elected in the 2005 conclave to succeed John Paul II after four ballots.


Question: How many political phantom trends are there?

History of the papacy

As a cardinal, Ratzinger was seen as a leading figure in the conservative wing of the Catholic Church, which has emphasized the purity of doctrine, opposes contraception, condemns homosexuality, female priesthood and radical feminism, and opposes debate on abolishing priestly celibacy.


Question: How many political phantom trends are there?

History of the papacy

In addition, Ratzinger, as head of the Congregation of the Doctrine of the Faith, was also partial to the Vatican's negative attitude towards liberation theology.


Question: How many political phantom trends are there?

History of the papacy

In his view, the Catholic Church is the only proper church and in the cardinal period his attitude towards the convergence and dialogue of religions that had begun recently was very stark.


Question: How many political phantom trends are there?

History of the papacy

As a human being, however, he is seen as likeable, intelligent, reflective, diligent and polite, and somewhat shy compared to his otherwise strong reputation.


Question: How many political phantom trends are there?

History of the papacy

In many respects, Benedict XVI, as pope, seems to have tempered his views compared to the earlier.


Question: How many political phantom trends are there?

History of the papacy

Prior to becoming pope, Benedict XVI served for more than 20 years as the closest adviser to his predecessor Pope John Paul II.


Question: How many political phantom trends are there?

History of the papacy

He has been called a “doctrinal gatekeeper”, but on the other hand also more sharply the “Rottweiler of God” or “Armour Cardinal” (Der Panzercardinal).


Question: How many political phantom trends are there?

History of the papacy

The pope's September 2006 speech, in which he quoted a statement from a Byzantine emperor, caused a stir in Muslim countries.


Question: How many political phantom trends are there?

History of the papacy

Only after the media stir calmed it became clear that the pope had intervened in quite the right things, and a month into the speech, the pope had received a response to his speech from 38 Muslim scholars in which they admitted the pope had been right when he said the Koran forbids coercion on faith.


Question: How many political phantom trends are there?

History of the papacy

[33] John Paul II's line was to bring the different religions closer together.


Question: How many political phantom trends are there?

History of the papacy

This policy included not bringing up the problems of different religions by the pope.


Question: How many political phantom trends are there?

History of the papacy

The new pope therefore called for real dialogue with the different denominations to clear up the disputes between them.


Question: How many political phantom trends are there?

History of the papacy

[33] Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Simo Hein| title = Larger than human: history of the papacy | publisher = Edita| year = 2004| id = ISBN 951-37-4184-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jan Aarts| = Pope | publisher = Book| title = Book| 1989| id = ISBN 951-600-765-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kaarlo Arffman| title = Christianity| publisher = Edita| year = 2004| id = ISBN 951-37-4183-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = José Orlandis| Catholic Church title = history| publisher = Okeanos oy| year = 1999| id = ISBN 952-9804-05-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = mm.


Question: How many political phantom trends are there?

History of the papacy

Ulla-Maria Arola| title = History of Christendom | publisher = WSOY| year = 1994| id=ISBN 951-0-19113-2}} References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jussi Hanska| title = Replacements for Christ on Earth? | publisher = SKS| year = 2005| id = ISBN 951-746-719-2}} Category:27.0 History of Christianity, Church History *


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The Himalayas (Sanskrit: हिमालय Himālaya; where hima means' snow 'and Ālaya means' home ') is a mountain range in Asia separating the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan highlands.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

In a broader sense, the Himalayas are a massive mountain group that also comprises the Karakorum, Hindu Kush and some smaller mountain ranges.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The Himalayas separates Tibet on its north side from India and Pakistan, which remain south of the mountain range.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Nepal and Bhutan lie on the southern slope of the mountain range.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The Himalayas originated in the collision of the Indian-Australian and Eurasian tectonic plates.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The tectonic plates are still in motion, which is why the Himalayas will rise 2.5cm to 5cm in a century despite erosion.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

In the Himalayas, the early sources of the major rivers Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra are located, and in the Tibetan Highlands to the north there are also the sources of the Saluen, the Mekong and the Yangtze.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Name The name of the mountain range Himalayas consists of two Sanskrit words.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The initial part of the name hima denotes snow, and the rest of the lower part, in turn, the place.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

[1] Geography Location The Himalayas is the highest of the current mountains.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Aconcagua, the highest peak of the second highest mountain range, or the Andes, rises to an altitude of “only” 6969 metres above sea level, while several peaks over 8000 metres high are located in the Himalayas.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The highest of the mountains is Mount Everest (in local languages Sagarmāthā or Qomolangma), which lies on the Nepal-Tibet border.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The Himalayas spans the regions of Bhutan, China, India, Nepal and Pakistan.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The Himalayas are also part of a unified mountain chain leading through all of Central Asia and Europe.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The mountain chain consists of warp mountains and includes, in addition to the Himalayas, the Hindu Kush, the Makran Mountains, the Zagros and the Alps.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

All these mountain ranges are still being forced by an upward running collision of huge continental masses.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

[1] Rivers The rainwaters of the mountains and the glaciers and snow melting from the upper slopes flow as numerous rivers from the valleys of the Himalayan Mountains towards the oceans surrounding Asia.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The Himalayas originate some of the largest and most capricious rivers in the world.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Starting on the southern slopes of the mountain range, the Ganges carries large masses of water and sediment westwards, all the way to the Bay of Bengal.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Several tonnes of gravel, sand and silt are continuously descending into the bay.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

An extensive estuary has formed in the river mouth, where numerous Bangladeshi population centres are located.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

From the northern slopes of the Himalayas descend the Indus and Brahmaputra.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The Indus flows and carries the cargo it brings with it first towards the bullet and then towards the south where the estuary of the river is.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The Brahmaputra hooks through east and south, after which it turns towards the west and eventually connects to the Ganges.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The estuaries of the rivers are massive.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Both the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea have been pressed into the pit by the sheer weight of river estuaries.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Rivers introduce a new layer of sediment to the estuaries each year, which keeps the soil grainy.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Thanks to the system, these areas are among the most fertile farmlands on Earth.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Grain soil employs millions of people who thus make a living.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Local people are admittedly threatened by repeated floods of devastation every year.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

[2] Geology Formation and forces still affecting the mountains About 130 million years ago, the Indian slab broke off, like the Australian and Antarctic slabs, from the ancient continent of Gondwana.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The Indian slab travelled a long way towards the north at a rate of nine centimetres per year.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

As the Indian Slab approached the Asian continent, the Tethys Sea that lay between them shallow and warmed.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The seabed lay sank into a deep-sea grave at the edge of the Eurasian slab.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

It was then that magma was formed, giving rise to a phalanx of volcanoes similar to what is currently occurring on the coasts of Japan and Chile.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Around 40—50 million years ago, this changed as the continental shelves of India and Asia faced each other.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Often at points of impact of tectonic plates, either of the tiles tends to move under or on top of the other, causing the lower slab to sink deeper.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

However, this did not happen when India and Asia faced, leaving neither able to move under the other.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Instead, the periphery of both began to crumple and warp on impact.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The sedimentary rocks (sandstone, shale and limestone) created on the seabed of the Tethys Sea were heavily exposed to warp and metamorphosis, causing the collision to elevate them several kilometres in height.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Signs of the ancient seabed, such as seashells and coral bodies, are now found on mountainsides.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Over the 30 million years following the encounter of the tectonic plates, the shallow parts of the Tethys Sea gradually dried up as the seabed pushed upward by the Indo-Australian slab, creating the Tibetan Highlands.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

On the southern edge of the massif, the Trans-Himalayan Mountains emerged, becoming the first major watershed in the region.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

They also elevated high enough to form a climatic boundary point.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

[3] [4] The colliding of continents and the warping and upwelling of the Himalayas continues, which is why strong earthquakes occur repeatedly in the Himalayan region.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The most devastating of the local earthquakes of recent times was the Kashmir earthquake in 2005.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

As a result of the quake, 90,000 people died and 570,000 poorly built houses were destroyed.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Although the Himalayas continue to rise as tectonic plates crumple, the terrain is also heavily affected by erosion.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Erosion tends to continuously consume or level the entire mountain range up to sea level.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

[5] Three mountain ranges Today between colliding slabs, the seam point is joined by countless mile-high warp mountains and deep valleys between them.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

However, the Himalayan mountain range formed from these can be divided into three parallel but clearly distinct mountain ranges, Siwal Mountains, Lower Himalayas and Upper Himalayas.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

[6] [4] The southernmost Siwalik Mountains of the mountain ranges border the Indian plains and border the Himalayas to their north.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Except for small gaps in the east, the Siwalik Mountains spread over the entire length of the southern half of the Himalayas.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The Siwalik Mountains are at their widest in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh, where the mountain has a latitude of 100 kilometres.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The southern boundary of the mainly mountain range runs at a height curve of 275 metres.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

In the direction north, the mountains rise still about 760 feet higher.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The southern slopes of the Indian plains side of the main mountain range of the Siwali Mountains are steeper than the northern slopes.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

On the north side, the Siwalik Mountains slowly descend into flat-bottomed areas of pressure referred to as dun.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The most famous of such Vatican deeps is probably Dehra Dun, located in the state of Uttarakhand, north of the border with northwestern Uttar Pradesh state.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

[6] [4] In the middle, or north of the Siwalik Mountains, is the Lower Himalayas, composed mostly of sedimentary rocks that have been corroded and cascaded from the Tethys Sea.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The Lower Himalayan mountain range is 80 kilometres wide and its 900-metre-high valleys spread out in varying directions.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The mountains, meanwhile, soar to an altitude of 4,500 meters above sea level.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Neighbouring peaks of the mountains are quite the same height with each other, which makes the mountain range look like a plateau cut into pieces.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The three main mountain ranges of the Lower Himalayas, Nag Tibba, Dhaola Dhar and Pir Panjal are branched off from the Upper Himalayan Mountains further north.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Nag Tibba is the easternmost of the three and its eastern end, located in Nepal, has an elevation of about 8200 metres above sea level.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The mountain range also forms a watershed in the state of Uttarakhand between the Ganges and Yamuna rivers.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

[6] [4] The Upper Himalayas is the northernmost of the three mountain ranges and forms the “backbone” of the entire Himalayan mountain range.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The Upper Himalayas is formed by crystalline earth crust composed of granite and gneiss, as well as remnants of sedimentary rock covering mountain peaks.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

With its persistent snow, the Upper Himalayas is also the highest of all three mountain ranges.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Much of its territory rises to an altitude of more than 5500 m above sea level, and at its highest point it is in Nepal.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Of the world's 13 highest mountains, 10 belong to the Upper Himalayas.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

These 10 mountain peaks are Nanga Parbat, Dhaulagiri I, Annapurna I, Manaslu I, Xixabangma (Gosainthan), Cho Oyu, Mount Everest, Lhotse, Makalu I, Kanchenjunga I, and each of them soars to over 8000 metres.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The Upper Himalayan mountain range runs from northwest to southeast from Jammu and Kashmir to Sikkim.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

East of Sikkim, the mountain range continues in an east-west direction for a further 420 kilometres through Bhutan and the eastern part of the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh to Mount Kangto (7090m), from where the mountain range folds towards the northeast and ends at Mount Namcha Barwa (7782m).


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

There is no exact boundary between the Upper Himalayas and the mountain ranges, plains and depressions to its north.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The regions are often joined together by the names Tethysin or Tibetan Himalayas and Trans-Himalayas, and continue in Tibet well north.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

In Kashmir and the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh, the Tethys range is at its widest, forming the Spit Pressure River and the Zaskar Mountains.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

[6] [4] Mountains in the Himalayas lie the highest mountains in the world.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

There are 14 mountains over 8000 metres high in the world and all of them are located in the Himalayan and Karakorum regions: Mount Everest (8850m) K2 (8611m) Kanchenjunga (8586m) Lhotse (8545m) Makalu (8462m) Cho Oyu (8201m) Dhaulagiri (8167m) Manaslu (8163m)) Nanga Parbat (8126m) Annapurna (8091m) Gasherbrum I (8068m) Broad Peak (8047m) Gasherbrum II (8035m) Shishapangma (8027m) Climate Himalayan climatic conditions affect about 28—33 latitudes north of the equator.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The alpine climate of the mountains varies with altitude: the air gets colder as altitude increases, while at lower altitude the air becomes wetter.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Because of this, temperatures in the region fluctuate rapidly.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The climate of the region is characterized by sudden monsoons, floods, high winds, blizzards, as well as other rains, due to which local conditions can be unpredictable.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The locally alpine climate is similar to that of the biome that surrounds it.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

There are different types of biomes on each side of the mountain range, due to which the climates on both sides also differ.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The main seasons of the Himalayas are summer and winter.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Winters are very cold, and snow falls almost all the time.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

In summer, the air is considerably milder, but up in the mountains it is common for snow to fall every month all year round.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

[7] In the Köppen climate classification, the alpine or uplands climate of the Himalayas is counted as dry climate type h. The average annual temperature is about 8.3°C.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

As a figure, the average temperature does not mean very cold, but it is also necessary to take into account the rapid temperature fluctuations in the environment.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

In winter, the average temperature is around 0.5°C.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The coldest month is January, when temperatures can drop to —10°C for those who know.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

In summer, the temperature averages 13.3°C.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The warmest month of summer is June, when temperatures can reach 23.9°C.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Annual precipitation averages 406 millimeters.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The precipitation is about 76 millimetres in summer and 13 millimetres in winter.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The precipitation of the mountains usually includes snow, sleet and water rains.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Due to melting snows, there is more water flowing down the mountains in summer than in winter.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

However, in the Himalayan environment, there are different types of rainfall throughout the year.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

[7] Nature Since the mountain range covers a very wide area and has high elevation variations, the biodiversity of the region is also particularly high.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Both vegetation and fauna are influenced by climatic conditions at different altitudes.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Thousands of plant and animal species live in the region, each adapted to living under certain conditions.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Human entry into the area and land use has caused many local species to become extinct or put them endangered.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

[8] Vegetation Vegetation ranges from tropical deciduous forests in the heel mountains to temperate forests of medium elevations.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Oaks, laurel plants and chestnuts grow uppermost at an altitude of about 2100 meters.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Further up grow coniferous, lower alpine and alpine forests.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Pine trees are found uppermost up to 3600—3700 metres above sea level.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The higher the longer only certain lichens, grasses and mosses are able to survive in cold conditions.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Above the forest boundary, alpine grasslands and alpine meadows spread out along the slopes.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Further up than them, the vegetation turns into a bush, which continues right up to the height of the permanent snow boundary.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

In many places on Himalayan mountainsides, rhododendrons (Rhododendron) are encountered.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Further south of the Himalayas grow tropical plants.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The tropical forests of the Himalayas are mainly divided into two types: tropical rainforests and tropical summer vegetable forests.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Tropical rainforests are dense growing, evergreen, gloomy, and somewhat similar to, for example, the forests of the Amazon or other similar forests of the equatorial environment.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Tropical rainforests in the Himalayas are found mostly in the eastern parts of the mountain range, where heavy water rains often accumulate.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Dense subtropical and alpine forest grows in the western and central parts of the Himalayas.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The cold Transhimalayan desert regions, meanwhile, have sparsely growing desert vegetation.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

[9] [8] Human activities have had effects on mountain vegetation.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

For centuries, people have depended on forest resources for a variety of uses.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

In the past, however, there was less need, which allowed the forests to grow again after use.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The situation for the Mets remained in such a natural equilibrium.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

However, the number of people and at the same time an industry dependent on forests has increased greatly.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Forests have been cut down for firewood and for industrial needs, and also to get out of the way of new settlements made for growing populations.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

As a result of the action, many tree species that until 50 years ago were very common are today either rare or completely disappeared from certain areas.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

[8] Fauna Like the vegetation of the Himalayas, the fauna is also extremely diverse for mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians and fish living in the lakes of the Himalayas.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The fauna differs considerably from the fauna of the rest of the Indian subcontinent, such as for example the Indian plains.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Different species of animals in the Himalayas have adapted to living in the most diverse habitats from dry and temperate forests to conditions above the tree line.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Animals need to adapt to the different conditions of the mountain range, such as cold, low or abundant rainfall and elevation differences.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Animals have adapted in many ways, both behaviourally and physiologically, to the extreme climatic conditions that exist across the Himalayas.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Many animals, for example, migrate seasonally looking for sustenance as well as better living conditions.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

During the summer, many move from the shallower slopes to the higher ones to find places offering alpine grass.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

In winter, these animals tend to descend lower to survive the cold winds blowing in the mountains.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Some animals sleep in winter sleep, while others have thick fur and bushy tails that protect the animals from the cold.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

High-living animals have large nasal cavities, which are advantageous when breathing the thin, low-oxygen air of the mountain range.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

[8] Carnivores are the hardest-to-meet mammals in the Himalayas, not least in barren and cold wilderness areas.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

A variety of predators live in the high mountains, some of which are critically endangered and in danger of extinction.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Their rarity has also been largely influenced by the people who hunted them.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The disadvantage has been great in terms of the number of these predators, because even without humans, they are only able to survive in the fragile ecosystems of the region.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

In the lower regions of the southern half of the Himalayas live tigers (Panthera tigris), monkeys, leopards (Panthera pardus) and donkey elephants (Elephas maximus).


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

However, one of the most typical mammals in the mountainous biome is the yak (Bos grunniens).


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The yak can grow to nearly 2 metres long and usually weigh around 500 to 550 kilograms.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Despite its weight, the yak is not particularly clumsy, but rather rather rather nimble.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Like bulls, it might attack with its horns when irritated.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The yak has peculiar bodily functions that help the animal survive high in the mountains.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

For example, it grows abundant long hairs that form thick fur and keep the animal warm in cold conditions.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

[8] [9] The Himalayas and Man History The Himalayas was for a long time an unsurpassed obstacle to man, due to divergent language and cultural groups that arose in different parts of it.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

10,000 years ago, the entire mountain range was covered with snow and glaciers, so conditions at that time were not yet favourable for humans.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The upward retreating snow line first brought plants and other animals to the area.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

As conditions became more favourable, plants and animals spread out on ever higher slopes.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

People began migrating to grazing lands on the slopes of the Himalayas around 1500 BCE.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

However, the high air sector placed both humans and animals in a constant struggle for survival.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The low oxygen content in mountain air favoured strong lungs in natural selection as well as individuals with high hemoglobin levels.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

These properties make oxygen uptake capacity higher than normal sea-level dwelling.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

People spent a semi-nomadic life, firmly adhered to the seasons.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

In winter, they moved their domesticated animals to winter pastures in the lower mountain range, and in summer to summer pastures up to 3000—4000 m altitudes.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

For permanent farming, conditions are favorable only at 1700 m elevation and below.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The lower slopes surrounding the valleys have been embedded by local farmers into small patches of field.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

On flat fields, rice, corn, millet, potatoes and barley are grown under cover for irrigation.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

In parts of the eastern Himalayas, where there is more lush vegetation, circular farming is still practiced.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

In this form of land use, the area to be cultivated is cleared from the plant cover and burned before sowing.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

In that form of land use, embankment of fields and plowing of land is unnecessary.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

However, in this case, the grain of the soil is enough only for 2-3 years.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The field is then left to rest and a new area cleared.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

[10] Rapid population growth and everyday farming activities of people are greatly burdening the environment.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Large-scale clearing of fields impoverishes the soil and intensifies the effect of erosion.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Flooding on valley bottoms and estuaries has become more frequent, and much of the local flora and fauna of the Himalayan region has become endangered.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Old traditions combined with illegal trade can be fatal to the existence of several species.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Highly sought after as merchandise include tigers and snow leopards, which are caught for things like their fur and bones used in Asian heritage medicine.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The musk produced by the musk glands of male musk deers is thought to increase human sexual appeal, which is why they are also actively hunted in the Himalayas.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Musk is used as a raw material both in the perfume industry and in Chinese medicine.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The most sought-after substance in oriental medicine is the bile fluid obtained from the gallbladder of the collared bear, due to which the species in question is also caught.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

[11] The population of the Himalayan region lives close to 40 million people.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The Lower Himalayas and the valleys of the middle Himalayan mountain range from eastern Kashmir all the way to Nepal are populated mostly by Hindus of Indian origin.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

In the north, the Upper Himalayas are inhabited by Tibetan Buddhists from Ladakh to northeastern India.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Between 1830 and 2440 m in central Nepal, Indian and Tibetan cultures have intermingled to form a culture of their own, a combination of traditions belonging to each.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The neighbourhood of India's eastern Himalayas and eastern Bhutan is populated by practitioners of animism with a culture similar to that of northern Myanmar and China's Yunnan province.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Western Kashmir is inhabited by Muslims, whose culture matches that of Afghanistan and Iran.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

[12] Of the four main languages of the Indian subcontinent (Indo-European, Tibetan-Burmese, Austro-Asian, and Dravida languages), the first two are common in the Himalayas.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Generally speaking, the Upper Himalayas as well as the Tethys Himalayas are inhabited mostly by Tibetans and other people speaking Tibetan-Burmese languages.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

More common in the Lower Himalayas are, in turn, the inhabitants who speak Indo-European languages.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The latter also include the Kashmiri language speaking Kashmir Valley people, as well as the Gaddis and Gujaris who inhabit the hilly regions of the Lower Himalayas.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

[4] Paharis who speak Indo-European languages make up the vast majority of Nepal's population, although large groups of Tibetan-Burmese speakers also live in the country.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

They include the Newars, Tamangs, Gurungs, Magars, Šerpas and other Bhutia-linked population, as well as the Kirats.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The Kirats were the earliest inhabitants of the Kathmandu Valley.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Also, the Newaris are among the earliest human groups in Nepal.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The sherpas living in the area south of Mount Everest are particularly well known for their links to mountaineering in the area.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

[4] Traffic and traversal Land transport The only transport links in the Himalayas for a long time were mainly different pedestrian paths.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Although in more remote areas these remain important, road transport has made its way in a mountainous environment, and today the Himalayan Mountains are accessible from both the north and south.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

In Nepal, an east—west direction highway passes through the Tarai lowland and connects several roads leading to mountain valleys.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal, is connected to Pokhara by a highway running through the Lower Himalayas.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Another road takes you through the Kodari Pass, from where Nepal is connected to Tibet.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The road leading from Kathmandu via Hetauda and Birgunj (Birganj) to Biraun forms an access link between Nepal and the state of Bihar and the rest of India.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

In the northwestern part of the Himalayas, the Karakorum Road connects Pakistan and China.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The Hindustan—Tibet road through Himachal Pradeshin has been substantially restored.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

This 480 kilometre-long road passes through Shimla (the former capital of India) and crosses the Indo-Tibetan border near Shipki Pass.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

From Manali in the Kullula Valley, the highway crosses not only the Upper Himalayan Mountains but also today the Zaskar Mountains, reaching Lehi in the upper Indus Valley.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Leh is also connected to India via Srinagar in the Kashmir Valley; the road from Srinagar to Leh crosses the 5404 m high Khardung Pass, the first of the high passes of the historic caravan route between Central Asia and India.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

After 1950, many other roads have been built in the Himalayas.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

[4] The only direct route from Punjab in India to the Kashmir Valley is the road between Jalandhar (in Punjab state, India) and Srinagar, passing through Pathankot, Jammu, Udhampur, Banihali and Khabali.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

The route runs across the Pir Panjal mountain range through a tunnel in Banihali.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Due to the newer road, the old road between Rawalpindi (Pakistan) and Srinagar (Jammu and Kashmir) lost its status as an important access route and was closed by a controlled line between Indian and Pakistani-administered parts of Kashmir.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

[4] The historic Kalimpang to Lhasa caravan route is located in the Himalayas of Sikkim and passes through Gangtok.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Prior to the mid-1950s, there was only one 50-kilometre stretch of road occupied by motor vehicles between Gangtok and Rangpo.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

After the section, the road continued for a 110 km journey towards the south, to Shiliguri in West Bengal.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Later, a number of roads suitable for the use of four-wheel motor vehicles have been built in the southern part of Sikkim.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Further road starting at Shiliguri has also been built and extended in the north through Lachung in Sikkim to Tibet.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

[4] There are two narrow-gauge main railway lines to the Lower Himalayas running into the mountainous region from the Indian plains.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

One of them runs in the western Himalayas between Kalka and Shimla and the other in the eastern Himalayas between Shiliguri and Darjiling.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

A narrow-gauge railway line of about 50 kilometres starts at Raxaul in the Indian state of Bihar and runs to Amlekhganj in Nepal.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Two short railways are also connected to the outer Himalayas.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

One of them, the Kullula Valley Railway, runs between Pathankot and Jogindarnagar, and the other between Haridwar and Dehra Dun.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

[4] Air transport in the Himalayas is located two major airports: one in Kathmandu and the other in Srinagar.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

Tribhuvan International Airport, located by Kathmandu, is served by international and local flights alike.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

In addition to these two major airports, more and more small local airports have been built in Nepal as well as other states in the Himalayan region.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

As with the improvement of access on land, advanced air transport has also served the growth of tourism in the Himalayas.


Question: Where does the Himalayas get its name from?

Himalayas

[4] Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Dr. Robert R. Coenraads, John I. Koivula, Dr. Armstrong Osborne, Diane Robinson, Phil Rodwell, Barry Stone, Robyn Stutchbury| title = Geologica| publisher = Ullmann| year = 2009| id = ISBN 978-3-8331-4381-4381-4381 1-6}} References Category:Himalaya Category:Key articles of screening Category:42 Asia


Question: What is Finland's most-watched television show of all time?

Most watched TV broadcasts in Finland

The most-watched television broadcast of all time in Finland is the final of the Miss Suomi pageants 1979, which aired on Yle TV1 channel.


Question: What is Finland's most-watched television show of all time?

Most watched TV broadcasts in Finland

The program garnered 3.3 million viewers.


Question: What is Finland's most-watched television show of all time?

Most watched TV broadcasts in Finland

However, the method of measuring the transmission was different from today's television measurement studies conducted by Finnpanel.


Question: What is Finland's most-watched television show of all time?

Most watched TV broadcasts in Finland

[1] The most watched program of the modern television measurement system (since 1987) is the final of the World Ice Hockey Championships 2016 Finland—Canada, which aired on MTV3 and MTV Sport 1 channels.


Question: What is Finland's most-watched television show of all time?

Most watched TV broadcasts in Finland

The broadcast garnered 3.25 million viewers.


Question: What is Finland's most-watched television show of all time?

Most watched TV broadcasts in Finland

[2] The most watched television broadcasts each year include the Linna festivities, the World Ice Hockey Championships, the final of the Eurovision Song Contest (in those years when Finland is included) and Yle TV news.


Question: What is Finland's most-watched television show of all time?

Most watched TV broadcasts in Finland

The sport's other major events, such as the Winter and Summer Olympics held every four years, also garner an audience of one million.


Question: What is Finland's most-watched television show of all time?

Most watched TV broadcasts in Finland

In the 2000s, entertainment shows that garnered more than a million viewers include Dancing with the Stars and The Falls.


Question: What is Finland's most-watched television show of all time?

Most watched TV broadcasts in Finland

Most viewed TV shows 2017 [3] Substitute programdatechannelAverage viewership %Mideview1.Yle News6.12.2017Yle TV 153% 2,793,0002.Independence Day: Castle celebrations (1st part) 6.12.2017Yle TV 151% 2,660 0003.Towards Linna Celebration6.12.2017Yle TV 130% 1 548 000 Change Concepts of the modern TV measurement system: Average viewership = average of the number of viewers over the entire duration of the program.


Question: What is Finland's most-watched television show of all time?

Most watched TV broadcasts in Finland

Reach = reach refers to the number of people who have watched a programme for at least 3 minutes continuously.


Question: What is Finland's most-watched television show of all time?

Most watched TV broadcasts in Finland

Sources Category:Finnish television programs


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

Earth or Earth or Tellus (symbol:) is the third planet in our solar system including the Sun.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

It is the only planet in the known universe known to have life.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

Earth's average distance from the Sun is about 149.6 million kilometers, or about one astronomical unit.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

Earth has an estimated age of about 4.5 billion years and is the densest in our solar system as well as its fifth largest planet in diameter and mass.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

It is estimated that more than 400,000 species of plants live on Earth and up to 30 to 100 million species of animals [1].


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

The population of people living on Earth exceeded seven billion at the end of October 2011 [2].


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

Basic characteristics of the planet Earth is a so-called rock planet with a core formed of metals, a molten mantle formed from aggregate, as well as a solid crust.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

Earth also has an atmosphere and is the only planet in the Solar System besides Mars where liquid water is confirmed.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

On other planets, water may exist in the form of ice, or gas.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

The rotation period of the Earth around the Sun with respect to the stars around the Sun, or the siderical year, is 365,2564 days (365 days, 6 hours, 9 minutes and 9.76 seconds) [3] [4].


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

The Earth's spin time around its own axis is one day, or 23 hours 56 minutes and 4.1 seconds.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

However, since the Earth has time to travel some distance along a curved course in one day, it will take about 4 minutes longer for the same meridian of the Earth to be turned towards the Sun, i.e. the solar day is longer than the star-day and one hour of the original by definition exactly 24 hours.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

As the Earth's rotation slows down, the day keeps getting longer, and irregularities on the order of millisecond magnitude also occur.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

Earth has one large long-term orbital, the Moon.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

Our moon, compared to its parent planet, is proportionally larger than any other moon in our solar system.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

The Earth's orbit around the Sun is not entirely circular, but an approximate ellipse with the Sun at its other focal point.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

[5] Earth is closest to the Sun in early January, when the Northern Hemisphere has winter [6], and similarly furthest in early July when the Northern Hemisphere has summer.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

[7] Seasonal variation is due to axis tilt, i.e. the Earth's axis is tilted at 23.44 degrees to the norm of the track level.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

The axis of the Earth is the straight imagined as passing through its poles.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

Currently, the axis points close to the North Star.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

However, under the influence of the Sun and the Moon, the axis is slowly twisting, and after 12000 years, for example, the northern celestial pole will be located near Vega.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

The phenomenon is called precessionism.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

The full precession cycle takes 25725 years [8].


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

History Earth began to emerge 4.7 billion years ago, when planetary paints created from surplus material as the Sun emerged began to draw particles from surrounding space and form planets.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

[9] The Earth was born 4.6 billion years ago and it gradually began to warm up.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

[10] Approximately 4.5 billion years ago, a piece the size of Mars is thought to have collided with Earth.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

From the material dislodged into orbit, the Moon was born, and at the same time the Earth's axis reversed to an inclination angle of 23 degrees.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

[11] A few hundred million or perhaps even billion years after the birth of the Earth, its inner parts were so hot that iron began to melt and drain towards the central parts of the Earth.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

Thus Earth became a layered planet with an inner core, outer core, mantle and crust formed by the lightest compounds.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

[9] The oldest signs of the earth's crust are found almost four billion years ago.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

[12] Approximately 3.8 billion years ago, protocontinents of the present continents began to form in the earth's crust.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

[12] There have been three so-called supercontinents on Earth: Pangea (500 million years ago), Rodinia (1000 million years ago) and Columbia (1.9 billion years ago).


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

[13] Hydrogen and oxygen were released from the lava that erupted from volcanoes on the surface of the earth, which together with other gases formed water vapor, giving rise to the initial atmosphere.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

As the Earth cooled, the water vapor condensed into water and rained down on Earth.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

Water accumulated in the pools, creating the first oceans.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

[9] The Earth's climate has varied throughout the Earth's existence.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

Four billion years ago, the composition of the atmosphere differed considerably from what it is today, as carbon dioxide was the second most common gas.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

Thanks to the greenhouse effect, the global surface temperature was high at that time.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

As the amount of carbon dioxide decreased with the increasing prevalence of oxygen-producing animals, the Earth's climate went cold by copious two billion years ago to the glacier stage.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

After the end of the first glaciation, the development of life resumed again in warm conditions.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

Over the past 50 million years, the Earth's climate has become colder again.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

Today, an interglacial period is lived on Earth, and the peak of the next ice age will come in a few ten thousand years.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

[14] Life originated on Earth approximately 3.5 billion years ago, although the earliest signs of life are thought to date back as far back as 3.7—4.2 billion years [15].


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

At first, there was only life underwater.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

[16] 800 million years ago, the first protozoa evolved to feed on other organisms.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

They evolved within 120 million years into complex and multicellular animals.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

Basic groups of invertebrate animals appeared at the end of the Proterozoic Period and the beginning of the Paleozoic Period about 540 million years ago.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

The first land plants evolved about 450 million years ago.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

Amphibians began to emerge on land in the Devonian period.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

In the Triassic period 245—200 million years ago, mammals, guerrilla lizards, dinosaurs, turtles and crocodiles appeared.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

The dinosaur reign lasted 160 million years.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

[17] Primates evolved no later than 75 million years ago.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

The earliest form of primates belonging to the human developmental arm is known from about five million years ago.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

Modern humans evolved in Africa over 100,000 years ago.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

[18] Structure The crust and mantle The solid crust layer of Earth consists of a couple of dozen tectonic plates floating on aggregates heavier than the mantle.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

The slabs move incessantly relative to each other, causing earthquakes and volcanic activity, mostly along the edges of the slabs, where they collide or protrude beneath each other.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

On the other hand, new slab material, or seabed, is forming in the middle of oceans, such as Iceland, where aggregate is pushed out of Earth's mantle.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

The energy source for tile movement is radioactive decay.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

The internal composition of the earth is vital to us.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

Because of continuous radioactive decay, the planet has a molten iron-nickel core that produces a strong magnetic field and protects life from dangerous radiation and from high-energy particle bombardment from the Sun.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

Near the polar regions, particle bombardment can be seen with the naked eye at night as colorful auroras.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

Particles from the Sun captured by a magnetic field are assembled by van Allen's zones.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

Earth's magnetic field, with a strength of 25 to 65 microteslas, weakens from time to time and changes its polarity.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

Samopolarity usually lasts hundreds of thousands of years.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

The earth can be divided into layers, from surface to center, based on composition (chemical division) and mechanical properties (state of matter, mechanical action).


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

Chemical: peel, mantle, core.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

Mechanical: lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere, nucleus.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

The circumference of the Earth is about 40000km and a radius of just under 6400km.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

Drills have reached a depth of ten kilometres inside the earth's crust, but the Earth's mantle beneath the crust is still untouched.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

Indirect information about Earth's interior is obtained by studying the seismic waves generated by earthquakes and nuclear blasts.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

Detecting neutrinos from the radioactive decay of uranium, thorium and potassium-40 inside the country and probing with an artificial neutrino jet have emerged as the latest avenues.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

Water mantle, atmosphere and climate Earth is the only planet in the Solar System with liquid water on its surface; it covers about 71% of the entire surface of the sphere.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

The name “blue planet” has arisen from this.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

The surface area of dry earth on Earth is almost exactly the same as the entire area of Mars, which is half the diameter.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

Earth's atmosphere consists mainly of nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%).


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

Importantly for human life, there is less than one per cent of CO2 in the air.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

The ratio of planetary and atmospheric thicknesses is of the same order as that of an apple and its peel.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

When viewed from the surface, the most visible characteristic of the atmosphere is its blueness, which is created when light scatters from gas molecules (Rayleigh scattering).


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

The wavelengths on the blue end of the light spectrum scatter the most.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

Without scattering, the sky would look black.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

Because of the same phenomenon, the Sun appears yellow or red depending on the length of the distance traveled by light in the atmosphere.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

The atmosphere emits only a portion of the Sun's radiation through it, and harmful ultraviolet radiation, for example, is largely shielded by the ozone layer at a height of many ten kilometres.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

Earth is currently the only planet in the universe that is certainly known to have life.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

The occurrence of this kind of life is made possible by e.g.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

liquid water and the Sun's constant light energy flux.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

The large amount of oxygen in the atmosphere, on the other hand, is provided by Earth's flora and is the lifeblood of animals, including humans.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

The thermohaline cycle in the oceans and its disturbances play a part in the genesis of ice ages, although their main cause is tectonic movements and variations in Earth's axis tilt.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

The climate of the country varies considerably in different places, and the climatic zones that arise so contribute to creating different biomes, vegetation zones.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

The Sun maintains atmospheric circulation motion, which in turn seeks, in accordance with the laws of physics, to equalize thermal differences between the tropics and polar regions.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

The polar front cyclones (low pressures) affecting the weather in Finland are a large class of heat pumps that carry warm air to the north and draw cold Arctic air south.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

Track and Rotation The ellipticity and other track values of the Earth's track vary somewhat over tens of thousands of years.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

The changes are due to the weak attraction effect of other planets in the Solar System.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

In a 25,725-year period [8], the axis of the Earth makes precessional motion like a wobbling humb.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

It and nutation are predominantly interference caused by other celestial bodies.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

In addition, the North Pole shifts in a shorter period of twenty years irregularly by a few dozen meters circularly.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

The phenomenon is called polar variation.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

The Earth's rotation slows mainly due to the tidal phenomenon caused by the Moon's gravitational pull by an average of 1.6 milliseconds per century, but due to other causes such as winds, earthquakes and tectonic movements, this slowdown is not uniform.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

[19] According to coral studies, 370 million years ago, the Earth's spin time was 22.7 hours.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

Approximately 600 million years ago, when the Cambrian period approached, the Earth's day was 21h, and a year thus 423 days.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

One estimate claims the Earth rotated after being born about 4600 million years ago with a round in six hours, another in 14 hours.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

In Finland, the Earth's rotational speed relative to its axis is 835 km/h in Helsinki, 707 km/h in Oulu and 571 km/h in Nuorgam.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

World Map The world map is a map of the Earth's surface.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

However, it is impossible to get a perfectly true map of the earth on a flat surface.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

The only real map is in the map sphere.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

There are various map projections of the Earth.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

For example, in Peters's applied projection, the areas of regions and states are correct compared to each other, but the shapes are distorted.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

In Mercator's right-angled map projection, the shapes are correct, but the states at the equator are too small and the north and south lie too large.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

By combining different projections, errors are reduced.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

See also Earth's future Geography Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Karttunen, Hannu et al.| title = Basics of Astronomy| publisher = Astronomical Association Ursa| year = 2000| version = Ursa publications 72| id = ISSN 0357-7937, ISBN 952-5329-01-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Oja, Heikki| title = Chronicle 2007| location = Helsinki| publisher = University of Helsinki almanac office| year = 2007| id = ISBN 952-10-3221-9| format = [online version] | accessdate = 22.4.2010}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Raimo Seppänen, Matti Kervinen, Irma Parkkila, Lea Karkela, Pekka Merilainen | title = Maol - Tables | publisher = Mathematical Subject Teachers Union MAOL ry and Otava| year = 2005| id = ISBN 951-1-20607-9}} References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Cake, Juhani| title = Planet Earth| location = Helsinki| publisher = Ursa| year = 1991| id = ISBN 951-9269-56-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Krauss, Lawrence M.| title = Atom: Journey from the beginning of the universe to the birth of life and on| others = Translated by Juha Pietiläinen| publisher = Helsinki: Terra Cognita| year = 2002| version = (Original work: Atom: An Odyssey from the Big Bang to Life on Earth... and Beyond, 2001.


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

) | id = ISBN 952-5202-51-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Martin Redfern| title = Fascinating Earth| others = Translated by Anne Petäinen| publisher = Helsinki Media| year = 2000| version = (Original work The Kingfisher book of planet earth) | id = ISBN 951-32-1036-7 (sid.)}}


Question: When was the first time they found the primordial organisms?

earth

On topic elsewhere * Category:Earth-like planets Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

Martti Oiva Kalevi Ahtisaari (born 23 June 1937 in Vyborg) [1] is a Finnish diplomat who served as the tenth President of the Republic of Finland from 1994 to 2000.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[2] Ahtisaari was the first to be elected President of the Republic of Finland by direct, two-stage popular election.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

He has held positions including Ambassador, Assistant Secretary-General of the United Nations 1977—1981, UN Sub-Secretary-General 1982—1983 and 1987—1991, and as a peace mediator in various parts of the world, for example in Namibia, Kosovo and Indonesia.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

Ahtisaari was the first Finn to receive the Nobel Peace Prize in 2008.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

Ahtisaari speaks Finnish, Swedish, French, English and German.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

Ahtisaari is known as a driver of difficult peace processes.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[3] As an intermediary, Martti Ahtisaari focuses primarily on the fundamental values and practical possibilities of the UN.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

The stretch of many crises has been, in his view, an embarrassment for the international community.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[3] The assignments he has received, he has mainly handled through the Crisis Management Initiative he founded.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

In 2008, President Ahtisaari was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize “for his work on several continents and over thirty years to resolve international conflicts.”


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[4] Earlier that year Ahtisaari had also received the UNESCO Peace Prize [5] and the Geuzenpenning Medal.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[6] Family background Martti Ahtisaari has Finnish, Norwegian and Swedish ancestry [3].


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

Ahtisaari's paternal lineage is in southern Norway, and the original name of the genus was Adolfsen.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[7] The earliest known representative of the genus is Jakob Andersen (b. ca.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

1800), whose son Adolf Olaus Jakobsen (1829—1882), a sawmill worker, moved from Tistedalen in Østfold to Finland in 1872.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

He took up residence in the Kotka region with his son Julius Marenius Adolfsen, who was the great-grandfather of Martti Ahtisaari.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

Ahtisaari's grandfather Frank used his father's patronymic Adolfsen as his surname, and he and his family acquired Finnish citizenship in 1929.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[8] Ahtisaari's father changed his surname to Ahtisaari in 1935.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[7] Early life and study Martti Ahtisaari was born in Vyborg.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

His father, Oiva Ahtisaari (1908—1976), was in army service.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

Martti Ahtisaari's mother was Tyyne Ahtisaari (née Karonen, 1903—1967).


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[3] Ahtisaari grew up in the garrison barracks area in Kuopio, [9] where his father served as a sub-officer.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[10] In Kuopio, Ahtisaari met his future wife Eeva Hyvärinen, who had come to the city because of school.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[10] Ahtisaari finished middle school at Kuopio Lyceum [11] and moved to Oulu due to his father's work in 1952.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

Ahtisaari studied at the Oulu Lyceum High School, [11] from which he matriculated in 1956.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[12] In Oulu, Ahtisaari played basketball as a trunk player for Oulu's NMKY.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[13] At the Oulu Teachers' College, Ahtisaari studied to become a national school teacher and graduated in 1959.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

He was characterized as one of the stars of teacher training in Oulu [3].


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

Ahtisaari was a teacher at Oulunsu National School in Oulunsu 1959—1960.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[7] Later Ahtisaari joined the international student organization AIESEC, where he identified his interest in a career as a diplomat.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[14] Ahtisaari and Hyvärinen married in 1968.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

The following year, their son Marko Ahtisaari was born.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[7] Diplomatic career From 1960 to 1963, Ahtisaari was the director of the student home of the Swedish College of Physical Education in Karachi, Pakistan.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

At that time, he became familiar with the practical problems of development cooperation and became acquainted with the international environment.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

He returned to Finland in 1963 and began studies at the Helsinki School of Economics, where he was the Executive Director of International Aid to Yliopisiden in 1965.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

He became acquainted at the time with Nickey Iyambo, who was later Minister of Namibia.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[7] Ahtisaari took over in 1965 to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

Until 1971, he worked as Secretary of the International Development Assistance Office, in 1971 as Division and Office Head, and from 1972 to 1973 as Assistant Section Head of the Development Cooperation Department.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

He became a missionary advisor in 1973, and in the same year he was appointed ambassador to Tanzania, Zambia and Somalia, since 1975 also to Mozambique.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

He served as ambassador until 1977.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[7] According to Jyrki Vesikansa, Finland at that time viewed development cooperation with either deep suspicion or idealising: Ahtisaari, as a pragmatic man, tried to seek a caring view.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[3] Ahtisaari was appointed on 22 December 1976 as a UN delegate to Namibia, a position he held from 1977 to 1981.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

In that position, he oversaw the interest of Namibians in New York City, where the World Organization planned for Namibia to become independent.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

Ahtisaari maintained a conversation link between SWAPO, the Organization of African Unity (OAU), key states in world politics, and the U.N. High Command.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

On 27 June 1978, UN Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim appointed him his Special Representative to Namibia.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[7] As Namibia became independent, Ahtisaari headed the United Nations Transition Assistance Group (UNTAG).


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

It was the first UN mission to include, in addition to traditional peacekeeping, a civilian component that assisted an independent country in conducting elections, human rights, police service and training.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

This experience was important for Ahtisaari's later missions.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[15] Ahtisaari and his wife received honorary citizenship of Namibia in 1992 as a mark of respect for their work in the country.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[7] In the former Yugoslavia, Ahtisaari sought a diplomatic solution even before the 1994 Finnish presidential election.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[3] Ahtisaari's name was featured as Mayor of Oulu in 1989, but he declined.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[16] Finnish presidential election 1994 Ahtisaari came from outside the main political field.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

Finland was struggling in the throes of the worst recession in its history, and politicians had a poor reputation among the people.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

Ahtisaari had joined the Social Democratic Party as early as 19 years old, but he had never sat as an MP or been a minister.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

Ahtisaari had acquired spurs in international missions and NGOs more than in actual politics.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

When the debate over a successor to President Mauno Koivisto fizzled in the early 1990s, there were many “unwrinkled” names in politics in person speculation.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[7] Lasse Lehtinen was one of Martti Ahtisaari's “inventors” and was part of Ahtisaari's core group [17].


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

Jussi Lästa served as Ahtisaari's communications assistant.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

The participation of Ahtisaari and Rehnie in television's couple play is thought to have contributed to Ahtisaari's election victory.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[18] Ahtisaari clearly defeated the Social Democrats' strong man, veteran politician Kalevi Sorsa, in the party's primary election in spring 1993.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

Non-party members were also allowed to participate in the vote.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

Ahtisaari's endorsement readings sagged in December of the same year, but after an intense campaign he was voted in with Elisabeth Rehn, the defence minister in Aho's government, into the second round of the election.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

He clearly defeated not only the politician Paavo Väyrysen, but also the Lord Mayor of Helsinki, Raimo Ilaskiven.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

Ahtisaari won the second round with a majority of 250,000 votes.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[7] [19] [20] [21] Martti Ahtisaari, President of the Republic of Finland, gave his solemn assurance as President of the Republic to Parliament on 1 March 1994.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[7] In keeping with the spirit of direct popular elections, Ahtisaari continued to maintain active contact with the people even after the elections.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

Under Ahtisaari, the concept of provincial trips became established in Finnish politics quite differently than under previous presidents.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

In keeping with his promise, the new president visited one of the provinces each month.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[7] Along with his provincial trips, Ahtisaari became known for his many trips abroad.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[7] In 1994 she made six state visits and eight other voyages, in 1995 a total of 20 trips, 18 in 1996, 22 in 1997, 18 in 1998, as many as 34 in 1999 and three further trips at the beginning of 2000.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[22] Foreign policy was also activated in a new way during the Ahtisaari period.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

Like President Koivisto, Ahtisaari supported Finland's membership of the EU and put his authority into play for the project to be implemented.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

After a positive referendum decision, Finland was able to become a member since the beginning of 1995.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

Ahtisaari shared the vision of Paavo Lipponen, who became Prime Minister the same year, on Finland's role in the Union, striving towards the cores and supporting the role of the European Commission.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

Along with the Prime Minister, Ahtisaari attended European Council summits, as did his successor Tarja Halonen.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

The practice attracted criticism in many constitutional experts.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

One indication of the results of Ahtisaari's active line was, among others, a summit meeting between Presidents Bill Clinton and Boris Yeltsin in Helsinki in early spring 1997.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

During the meeting, reconciliation was reached on issues including NATO's expansion into eastern Europe.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[7] Ahtisaari was critical of efforts to narrow presidential prerogatives [23].


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

The honours awarded by Ahtisaari as president in 1998 to Sukanto Tanoto, the main owner of the RGM Group, and Indonesia's Minister of Forests attracted much criticism.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

The RGM Group's April company was criticised for rain-forest destruction and the Indonesian state for widespread human rights violations.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

Erkki Tuomioja, chairman of the SDP parliamentary group at the time, considered the issuance of the signs “dubious”.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

Similarly, MEP Heidi Hautala felt that the handover of the honours showed that “human rights issues are not very high in the presidential order of precedence.”


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[24] Later, for example, the Nature Union and philosopher Thomas Wallgren have criticised the close relationship between Ahtisaari and the forestry companies.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[25] [26] The high point of Ahtisaari's period played a significant role in mediating the Kosovo crisis in the spring of 1999.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[7] Success in Kosovo gave even better conditions for the first EU presidency in Finland's history, which began in July of the same year.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

After his term as president, Ahtisaari published a book about his experiences in Kosovo, Assignment in Belgrade.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

Ahtisaari did not stand for further term due to other candidates standing for the SDP.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[27] Ahtisaari said he was happy with his first season but wished for an apology from the media for the image he created.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[28] Ahtisaari criticised his predecessor, Mauno Koivisto, for reverting back to his party after the end of his presidential tenure.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

However, Ahtisaari said he perceived the SDP as “mentally his own party.”


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[29] Governments appointed by Ahtisaari Prime MinisterReignPaavo Lipponen1995—1999Lipponen IPaavo Lipponen1999—2003After Lipponen II Presidency Martti Ahtisaari has held office again in major international positions.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

Immediately after his presidency ended in the spring of 2000, Ahtisaari was on a committee of “three wise men” formed by three former European heads of state, which was supposed to consider the so-called Austrian boycott of the EU.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[7] In 2000, Ahtisaari founded the Crisis Management Initiative (CMI), an organisation dedicated to peace mediation and conflict resolution.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[30] Martti Ahtisaari has publicly recommended Finland to apply for NATO membership.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

He defended U.S. actions in the crisis that preceded the Iraq war.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[31] Ahtisaari issued a statement after the outbreak of the Iraq war: “Knowing that about a million people have been killed by the Iraqi regime, I do not need many of those weapons of mass destruction anymore.” [32] The United States had justified the war with Iraq's weapons of mass destruction, which were not yet found.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

History professor Juha Sihvola felt that Ahtisaari was right with respect to Iraq in that “that global justice and a decent life are more important than national sovereignty”.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

He also praised the president's cosmopolitan and realistic attitude, but nevertheless found Ahtisaari's conclusions about the morality of the Iraq war “astounding.”


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[33] Ahtisaari served as UN Special Envoy for the Horn of Africa 2003—2005 and personal Central Asia Representative of the OSCE President (2003—04).


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[34] In October 2011, Ahtisaari wrote an opinion writing with Javier Solana in the magazine El País in which they recommended that the European Union recognize a Palestinian state.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[35] Ahtisaari has served as a member of the Board of Directors including Elcoteq and UPM-Ten [7] until 2007.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

In 2014, Ahtisaari was appointed advisor to the UN investigation into Sri Lankan war crimes.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[36] Aceh peace talks In 2005, Ahtisaari mediated negotiations between the Aceh independence movement GAM and the Indonesian government.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

To GAM leaders, he stressed as a condition of brokering negotiations that these would not be able to achieve full independence.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

When statements had begun to be read at the first Aceh meetings, the broker gave the participants a tough talk and threatened to quit his job right away.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

The talks eventually ended with a peace agreement and a lapse in hostilities that had lasted more than 30 years.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[3] The peace agreement was signed in Helsinki on August 15, 2005.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[37] Kosovo Peace Talks UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan appointed Ahtisaari as peace negotiator for Kosovo on November 1, 2005, and on November 11, 2005, the UN Security Council confirmed the appointment.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

Under Ahtisaari's leadership, the future status of Kosovo was reached, but the motion fell to opposition from Russia and Serbia, albeit Kosovo quickly declared independence in 2008.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

After a year of independence, more than 60 countries had already recognised Kosovo, but a couple of EU members and Russia were missing among them.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

According to Ahtisaari, however, a clearer result could not be reached in the question.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[3] Ahtisaari has been praised for his handling of peace talks in Kosovo, but he has also been criticized by Serbia and its allies.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

For example, according to Russian political scientist Dmitry Bondarev, Kosovo's independence was illegal in terms of international law and Ahtisaari was merely a puppet of the West.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[38] Oliver Ivanović, MP for Kosovo's Serb minority, has also stated that “Serbia could not accept a quick solution that would have looked like a succession in the eyes of its own voters.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

“[39] Similarly, the founder of peace studies, Norwegian scholar Johan Galtung criticized Ahtisaari as a peace negotiator.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

According to him, Ahtisaari “is charming, efficient and skilled”, but “unfortunately he is not a real mediator.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

He is not solving conflicts, but pushing through a short-term solution that pleases the West.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

He is letting itself be exploited by the EU,” argues Galtung.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

[39] Ahtisaari himself has stated about Serb actions towards the Albanian minority in Kosovo that “too much is too much” and Kosovo could no longer be forced into Serbia.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

The solution of the situation in Kosovo did not set a precedent for him.


Question: Where has the UN got its designation from?

Martti Ahtisaari

Yet many countries fear their own territories will be broken up because of Kosovo's example, and Russia equates Kosovo's independence with Abkhazia and South Ossetia, which have virtually seceded from Georgia.