Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

Due to corruption, he was sidelined from the organisation and received an eight-year ban from operating in football.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

Adolescence and beginning of career Blatter was born in 1936 in the town of Visp.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

He attended his schooling in Sion and Saint Maurice and earned a lower university degree in business and economics from the University of Lausanne.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

[1] Blatter's professional career began at the Tourism Board of the Canton of Valais.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

He became, in 1964, Secretary General of the Swiss Ice Hockey Federation.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

He made a career in public relations for sports teams and the private sector.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

He was a member of the board of football club Neuchâtel Xamax 1970—1975 and was head of sports chronology and public relations for watch manufacturer Longines.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

Through that Blatter was involved in the organization of the 1972 and 1976 Summer Olympics.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

[1] At Fifa The first missions Adidas' Horst Dassler discovered Blatter at Longines in 1972.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

Dassler was gathering around him some of the world's leading sports leaders.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

He took Blatter under his patronage, and Fifa president João Havelange soon followed Dassler's lead.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

[2] Blatter was named 1975 Technical Director of Fifa.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

In the mid-1970s, he led Fifa's development programmes.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

[3] Blatter implemented many of Havelange's plans, and during that time work was already begun to create their own world championships for under-20s, under-17s, women and futsal.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

[1] Havelange elected in 1981 Blatter as Fifa general secretary without seeking advice from his executive team.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

[2] As secretary-general, Blatter was driving in 1994 Fifa's collaboration with children's charity SOS for children's villages.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

[1] Presidency Choice and first terms Blatter decided in late March 1998 to stand as Fifa Presidency candidate to succeed João Havelange.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

He was elected chairman, supported by several organizations and all country confederations, at the 1998 congress.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

[1] After the election, rumours circulated about possible bribes, as before the vote, African delegates were presumed to vote for Blatter's opponent, Lennart Johansson.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

[2] Blatter won the 1998 extension term despite 11 members of Fifa's executive committee having prosecuted Blatter for his part.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

His opposing candidate was Cameroonian Issa Hayatou.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

Blatter received 195 out of 139 votes.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

Blatter had promised as chairman to make football a more global sport.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

These pledges were tangified at the World Cup competitions held in South Korea and Japan in 2002 and South Africa in 2010.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

[4] Muhammad ibn Hammam, a Qatari, sought to challenge Blatter in the 2011 presidential vote, but his candidacy was withdrawn due to bribery suspicions.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

[4] Blatter was elected chairman for the third time.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

This time, due to ibn Hammam's withdrawal, he had no counter-candidate.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

[5] Corruption scandal and resignation Blatter was elected to his fifth term in late May 2015.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

However, he already announced the following week that he would leave his seat.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

[6] However, Blatter announced that he would continue as chairman until Fifa would choose a successor for him.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

[7] In Switzerland, the prosecutors' authorities launched investigations against Blatter in late September.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

He is suspected of wrongdoing and embezzlement.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

Shortly after this, Fifa's biggest sponsors include Visa, The Coca-Cola Company, McDonald's and Anheuser-Busch InBev began calling for Blatter's resignation.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

[7] Fifa suspended Blatter, vice-president and Uefa director Michel Platini and general secretary Jérôme Valcke for 90 days in October.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

On 21 December 2015, Fifa's ethics committee imposed an eight-year ban on Blatter and Platini in all football activities due to corruption.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

The justification is the €1.8 million remuneration given by Blatter to Platini in February 2011, for which no substantive justification was found.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

Both were also fined and said they would appeal the decisions to CAS, the International Court of Appeals for Sport.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

[8] [9] Blatter's activities and importance during Blatter's presidency from 1998 to 2015, Fifa grew into one of the most lucrative organisations in the world: at the end of 2014 its wealth was approximately US$1.5 billion.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

Blatter has been on the cusp of taking football World Cups around the world, and during his time there were the first Games in Asia and Africa.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

In addition, under Blatter, the first Games given to Russia (2018 World Cup competitions) and Arab country (World Cup competitions 2022) were awarded.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

Blatter has further sought to promote women's football, with 24 teams taking part in the 2015 Women's World Cup competitions for the first time.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

[1] Blatter was already as secretary-general driving with SOS child villages.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

During his presidency Fifa invested more than USD 2 billion in various development cooperation projects.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

Blatter was also involved in the form of football supporting people in refugee camps.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

In addition, Fifa signed the International Labour Organisation's policy guidelines during his term because of its involvement in the fight against child labour.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

[1] Private life Blatter has been three times married.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

He has a daughter Corinne with his first wife, Liliane Biner.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

Blatter's second wife was Barbara Käser, 30 years younger than him, who is the daughter of Helmut Käser, the Fifa general secretary who preceded Blatter.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

Blatter was married to Käser for ten years until he became interested in Ilona Boguska, who was a friend of his daughter.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

Their relationship lasted seven years until he married Graziella Bianca.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

Their alliance was short-lived, and Blatter got back together with Boguska.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

[10] Since 2014 Blatter has been together with married Linda Barras.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

[11] Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Steen, Rob & Novick, Jed & Richards, Huw| title = The Cambridge Companion to Football| location = New York, NY| publisher = Cambridge University Press| year = 2013| isbn = 978-1-107-01484-8| language = Transclusion error: {{I}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Why was Sepp Blatter forced to leave the Fifa presidency in 2015?

Sepp Blatter

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.| format = [Google Books] | accessdate = 17.10.2015}} References on the topic elsewhere Category:Swiss Persons Category:FIFA Presidents Category:International Olympic Committee Members Category:People born in 1936 Category:Living Persons Category:Key articles on screening


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

Karelia (;, in medieval times Корла, Korěla;) was a cultural-geographical region predominantly located in the eastern part of Fennoscandia.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

The territory of Karelia is divided between the states of Finland and Russia.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

[1] The region is bordered on the southwest by the Gulf of Finland and Saimaa, on the northeast by the White Sea, and on the south by Stonic and Ladoga.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

As a historical-ethnological concept, Karelia refers to the area where Karelians live, comprising approximately from Russia the present Republic of Karelia, the Karelian Isthmus, as well as present-day South and North Karelia and the southeastern Kymenlaakso.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

In the early Middle Ages, Karelia still included the pogo of Savilahti and the easternmost Northern Savo.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

Medieval Novgorod State Karelia was also counted as belonging to the region east of the Sound.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

Karelia concept Karelia is a broad concept, and in different contexts the name may mean when wider, when narrower area.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

The modern provinces of Finland to Karelia are usually read South Karelia and North Karelia.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

These territories mainly form the part of the historical province of Karelia that remained in Finland, however, much of which Finland was forced to cede to the Soviet Union in the Peace of Moscow in 1940.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

The ceded territories included Karelian Isthmus except the southeastern part, the part previously belonging to the Soviet Union, Vyborg and the western and southwestern region of the Gulf of Vyborg up to the present Finnish border, and Ladoga Karelia.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

[1] [2] Historically, though, North Karelia has also been considered to include the municipalities of Rautavaara and Kaavi and the territory of the former municipality of Säyneinen, which are now included in Northern Savo.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

[3] The municipality of Sääneinen was part of the former city of Juankoski.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

Today, the vast majority of Karelian regions belonging to Russia belong to the Republic of Karelia.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

It comprises most of the historical Aunus and Viena Karelia region, as well as Ladoga Karelia, which formerly belonged to Finland, and its northern part, Border Karelia.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

In contrast, the part of Karelian that formerly belonged to Finland is now administratively part of Leningrad Oblast.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

The Republic of Karelia also includes the district of Puudož from east of Väninen.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

The northernmost part of historical Viena Karelia, the Kantalahti region, is now part of Murmansk Oblast.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

In addition, in central Russia, the area inhabited by Karelians living in the Tver region is commonly referred to as Tverin Karelia [1] [4].


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

Origin of the name Karelia Several theories have been developed regarding the origin of the name Karelia.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

Modern interpretation supports the folksy conjecture that it is a derivation of the word cattle.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

However, livestock have not originally meant farm animals, but a troop, usually a military force.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

It therefore borrows from the Germanic languages, where the equivalent of the word also meant military.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

History Main article: History of Karelia The archaeological discovery material of the Karelian Isthmus and the western coast of Ladoga is growing since the Merovingian period.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

Ancient artifacts left by Western Finns have been found in the area, which are considered evidence of the Hazy people who settled among the population.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

In this case, the new culture that emerged developed into a thriving Ancient Karelian culture in the Crusader era.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

At least 50 Iron Age dwellings and 40 ancient castles are known from Karelia [5].


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

At the end of the prehistoric period, all Karelia belonged to the Novgorod Empire.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

[6] According to the Novgorod First Chronicle, the Karelians fought war against the Hämites and the Finns proper, often with other Baltic Finns in the region, supported by Novgorod.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

The first mention of a war expedition by Karelians and Novgorod on ships is from 1191.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

The Karelians were also implicated in the destruction of Sigtuna in 1187, according to the Eerikinchronika.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

They also made a disastrous war expedition to Sweden in 1257, resulting in King Valdemarin requesting Pope Alexander IV to issue a crusading proclamation against the Karelians [7].


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

The Swedes made a Third Crusade against Karelia in 1293 in 1293 which resulted in the Karelians losing 14 engagements [8] and the region began to fall slowly under Swedish rule.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

The war expeditions between Sweden and Novgorod continued after the conquest of Karelia and ended with the Peace of Nut Island concluded in 1323, which resulted in the tax rights of Inger and Ladoga Karelia going to Novgorod with West Karelia remaining in the sphere of influence of the Kingdom of Sweden.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

However, after peacemaking, Karelian domination was repeatedly skirmished and warred until the Peace of Stolbova of 1617 brought the regions west and north of Ladoga to Sweden.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

The Great Northern War brought an end to a rather long peace period, and in the Peace of Uusikaupunki in 1721, Sweden ceded to Russia Vyborg with its surroundings and the southern part of Käkisalmi County.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

In the Peace of Turku, 1743, which ended the War of Hats, Sweden lost the rest of Karelia with the exception of present-day North Karelia.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

In the Finnish War of 1808-1809, Russia conquered the rest of Finland, and in 1812 Old Finland, comprising the territories previously conquered by Russia, namely the Vyborg Governorate, was incorporated back into the rest of Finland, as part of the Grand Duchy of Finland as Vyborg County.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

As Finnish national feeling intensified, hopes also arose for the incorporation of East Karelia into Finnish connection, but this did not materialize.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

Thus, Finland retained the borders of the Grand Duchy upon independence in 1917 (in the Peace Treaty of Tartu as an addition to Petsamo in 1920), but lost much of the historic Karelian region in the Peace of Moscow of 1940.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

After the Continuation War began, Finland recaptured the territories, but was forced to retreat in the Summer 1944 Offensive and Autumn Moscow Intermediate Peace to abandon them.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

The current borders of Karelias Finland's current eastern border roughly follows that of Peter the Great, defined in the peace of Uusikaupunki in 1721.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

The ceded Karelia belonged almost entirely to the County of Vyborg, from the parts of which remained on the Finnish side, Kymi County was formed, which also incorporated some of the easternmost municipalities before Uusimaa County.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

Although further north from other areas of Vyborg County, the westernmost part of the former municipality of Korpiselä was annexed to Tuupovaara, which was then part of Kuopio County (due to later municipal associations, it now belongs to Joensuu).


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

The territory of the former Kyme County is divided into two modern provinces: those municipalities where southeastern or Karelian dialects are spoken form the province of South Karelia, while the western-dialect, or mainly Hämäish, municipalities form the province of Kymenlaakso.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

In 1997, Kymi County was abolished, and its territory was annexed into the new Southern Finland County.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

The eastern part of Kuopio County was formed in 1960, following roughly the old Tokusinä Peace boundary in the west and north, the County of North Karelia, which in 1997 was abolished and its territory annexed to the County of Eastern Finland.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

During its history, the modern province of North Karelia had been formed on the territory of North Karelia County.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

From the main part of East Karelia, which was part of Russia, the Commune of the Karelian Working People was formed in 1920, consisting of areas inhabited solely by Karelians.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

However, such a unit caused the central power to worry, and in 1923 the Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was established, annexing a vast Russian-speaking area from the surroundings of the Voice and the White Sea coast.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

Thus, the majority of residents of the autonomous republic were obtained by Russians.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

Immediately after the Winter War of 1940, the Karelian ASNT was transformed into the Karelian-Finnish Soviet Socialist Republic.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

After the end of the Continuation War in 1944, the part of the Karelian population that belonged to Finland was annexed to Leningrad Oblast.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

With the death of Soviet dictator Josif Stalin, the Karelian-Finnish Soviet Republic lost its status as a “separate” Soviet republic and was restored as an autonomous Soviet republic in 1956.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

In 1991, with the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the name became the Republic of Karelia.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

See also Heimoate Karelianism Karelianism Karelians (people) History of Karelians Karelian language Karelia question List of Finnish wars Sources Etymology: Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Erkki Itkonen (ed.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

) | title = Origin of Finnish Words A—K| publisher = Society of Finnish Literatures| year = 1992| id = ISBN 951-99788-0-1}} Raija Miikkulainen (ed.):.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

Publications of the Centre for the Study of Domestic Languages 129.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

March 2004.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hollmén, Roope| title = Roots in Karelia| location = Helsinki| publisher = Facto| year = 2008| id = ISBN 978-952-5471-07-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kirkinen, Heikki & Nevalainen, Pekka & Sihvo, Hannes| title = History of the Karelian people| location = Porvoo Helsinki Juva| publisher = WSOY| year = 1994| id = ISBN 951-0-19204-X}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Susiluoto, Ilmari| title = New Cattle Book| location = Helsinki| publisher = Thought| = 2009| id = ISBN 978-951-20-8013-7}} Metso Juha, Kauko Rajantakainen Karelia 2011 ISBN 978-951-0-37488-7 On the subject elsewhere in Karelia History and Culture Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Does Karelia belong to Russia?

Karelia

* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The Spanish Civil War was fought between 1936—1939 between the freely elected government of the Second Spanish Republic (republicanos) and nationalist (nacionalistas) rebels led by General Francisco Franco.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

It can be seen as a kind of pre-show of World War II.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Partly the same ideologies were contrasted, and the future counterparts of World War I Germany and the Soviet Union participated in the war, while testing their own armament.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[1] On the republican side fought liberals, socialists, communists, anarchists, separatists from some provinces, as well as a small minority of Spanish conservatives.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

International brigades assembled from foreign volunteers also fought alongside them.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Among the foreign powers, the republican backers included the Soviet Union and Mexico.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The Nationalists, in turn, were assisted by Germany, Italy and Portugal.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The victory of nationalists who were pro-Spanish unity and monarchy led to the dictatorship of General Franco.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

After his death in 1975, Juan Carlos I, crowned king, restored parliamentarian democracy to the country.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Various estimates of the number of casualties in the Spanish Civil War have been given.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The results of the latest research have been compiled in Paul Preston's book The Spanish Holocaust (2012).


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The number of victims of republican terror is estimated at 52,000 to 58,000.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The number of nationalist terror, on the other hand, is estimated at well over 100,000, perhaps as many as 150,000 dead (or even more).


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The number of victims of violent repression (suppression, repression) after the war is estimated to reach at least 35,000.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Around 140,000 are estimated to have been killed in the fighting; at least 20,000 civilians killed in the bombings still need to be added to the number.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

In addition, more than 150,000 lives were killed in prisoner and labour camps set up by the Nationalists, and much more if the time frame of the review is extended to the post-war period.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Final or even very accurate readings may never be ascertained.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[2] Of the soldiers of the international brigades that fought on the republican side, about 4,900 fell, the losses of foreigners on the Nationalist side amounted to about 5,300 soldiers.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[3] Beginning of Civil War Background The Spanish Civil War began on 18 July 1936 following an unsuccessful coup attempt by right-wing officers of the Spanish Republican Army.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Planning for a military coup had already begun after parliamentary elections in February of the same year, which ended with a meager victory for the Popular Front, formed by left-wing parties.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

During the spring that followed the elections, a cycle of political violence emerged in Spain, where the bloodworks of radical leftists and right-wing Falangists actually followed.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

By the beginning of July, nearly 300 people had lost their lives.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[4] The radicalisation of leftists was driven by decades of pressure and violence from state powers, employers and the Church, particularly targeting the trade union movement.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

For example, the so-called “dirty war” waged by Eduardo Dato, the later assassinated prime minister, in the 1910s, claimed the lives of numerous Ay-actives.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

They died either as victims of assassins or detained under obscure circumstances.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[5] Violence continued to persist in the 1920s during the dictatorship of General Miguel Primo de Rivera.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Industrial battles crushed by force were also seen after his overthrow, such as the 1934 Asturian miners' strike, which claimed the lives of over 3000 miners.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[6] Due to the escalating violence following the February 1936 parliamentary election, in mid-March the government took action against the Phalangists.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

But President Manuel Azaña did not more interfere with the action of the left, which too escalated more violence.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[7] The government was aware of the coup plans of right-wing officers and tried to thwart them by deploying them in new positions.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

For example, General Franco was transferred to the Canary Islands, Manuel Goded Llopis to the Balearic Islands, and Emilio Mola, the commander of the Army of Africa, was made brigadier to the northern city of Pamplona.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[8] Coup attempt On 12 July 1936, the Falangists assassinated José Castillo, a lieutenant of the government police force, who belonged to the Socialist Workers' Party.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

He was already the second left-wing Guardia de Asalto officer to be slain in a few weeks.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

24 hours later, police officers avenged Castillo's murder by kidnapping and shooting the monarchist conservative politician José Calvo Sotelo.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Nationalist officers used Sotelo's murder as a pretext for rebellion, even though it had been planned as early as the spring.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[9] The military revolt led by Francisco Franco and Emilio Mola finally began on 17 July in Spanish Morocco, where most of the soldiers who served were foreign mercenaries, or legionaries.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

In addition, the African Army operating in Morocco included Regulares troops recruited from the local population, later called the Moors by the republicans.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

In Spanish Morocco, the rebels met little resistance; however, they massacred nearly 200 supporters of the republicans and officers loyal to them.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[10] On the next day, as planned, the rebellion also spread to the motherland side; however, the Nationalists failed to gain control of Seville, which was considered to be their place of invasion, except for any major city.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

They initially succeeded in capturing only the conservative regions of Old Castile, León and Navarre, sympathetic to the Nationalists.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[11] General José Sanjurjo, who was in exile in Portugal, was supposed to fly to Burgos, Spain, to take command of the rebellious forces, but he died after his aircraft crashed into trees during a takeoff dispute at Estoril, Portugal, on 20 July.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The leadership of the rebellion then remained in the hands of Mola and Franco.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[12] Power relations at the start of the fighting at the start of the war, the nationalist-held territories numbered about 11 million of Spain's total 25 million inhabitants.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

About half of the country's army of 120,000 soldiers sided with the rebels, with up to 90 per cent shifting from officers to the ranks of the Nationalists.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

In addition, their forces included the 35,000 soldier-strong African Army.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Most of the ships of the Spanish Navy remained in the possession of the republicans, but the problem became a shortage of officers.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Most of the Air Force was also left to the republicans.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

However, its fleet of aircraft was severely outdated.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[13] War Parties The main part of the republican, or Loyalist forces, was formed by the Spanish Republican Army established in 1931, which during the civil war was known as the People's Republican Army (Ejército Popular de la República).


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Its strength was up to 750,000 men, 60000 of whom had belonged to the republican army even before the July 1936 coup attempt.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

In October of the same year, invitations were started to cover all men between the ages of 20 and 45.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

On the republican side there were also parts of the Spanish Navy and Air Force, as well as part of the paramilitary Guardia Civil and Guardia de Asalto police forces.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[14] [15] In addition, the years 1936—1937 were fought alongside the republicans by an army under the Basque government Euzko Gudarostea and the Basque Navy.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[16] Along with the Army proper, the war involved numerous troops formed from members of various political factions, independence movements and trade unions.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

In the early stages of the war they functioned mainly as militia units and the Order Guards, in the form of an army, the groups were organized only later.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The fighting involved all parties involved in the Spanish Popular Front, groups pushing for independence in the Basque Country and Catalonia, as well as the socialist UGT trade union, the anarcho-syndicalist CNT trade union and the anarchist FAI.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

In total, these groups included several tens of thousands of fighters, some of whom were also women.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

They were especially in the ranks of anarchists.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[17] The problem for the republicans was political disunity.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Together, they were still able to prevent an attempted military coup by the fascists, but soon after this the ranks began to disintegrate.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The republicans were often divided among themselves into divisive liberal, anarchist, socialist, and communist groups that lacked a proper internal central command.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The main uniting factor between the various republican factions was the struggle against fascism, but otherwise the ends and means were very different.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

In addition, minority nationalities were involved who hoped to gain independence from the Republic.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[18] His own addition also brought Stalin's Soviet-backed Spanish Communist Party PCE's own aspirations for power.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

For example, it accused another communist party, the Trotskyist POUM, of collaborating with fascists.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The claims, however, were nothing more than false propaganda.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[19] Moderate socialists and communists wanted to preserve the republic and private ownership, but the anarchists in turn were prepared to exploit the war to collectivize industry, services and agriculture into the possession of the laborers.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The POUM positioned itself in support of the so-called Spanish Revolution initiated by anarchists in Catalonia, additionally demanding the dictatorship of the proletariat.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

However, the leadership of the Socialists, and especially the communist PCE, saw it more important to maintain a Popular Front with the Liberals and positioned itself to put the brakes on revolutionary demands.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[20] The PCE's attitude was mainly driven by the fact that the anarchists and the POUM were opposed to Stalin and, moreover, the anarchists had a negative attitude towards the Soviet Union as a whole.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Conflicts between the various groups escalated into an open street fight in May 1937, called the Barcelona May.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The government and communists were up against various anarchist factions and the POUM.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Six days of fighting ended in a truce and mediation.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

As a result, the influence of anarchists decreased in Catalonia and the communists in turn grew.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[21] The PCE, at Stalin's insistence, under the leadership of the Soviet security service NKVD, initiated purges which led to the assassinations of several POUM members, as well as eventually the banning of the party as a whole.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[19] After Barcelona May, the Popular Front government also partially dismantled collectivization enforced by anarchists and efforts were made to take the companies under state control.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Masinating the republican front of communists supported by the Soviet Union contributed to the defeat of the republicans.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

When the Soviet Union deemed the war lost, it told the party to stop fighting.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

However, some communists continued alongside other factions without party support.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Stalin blamed the defeat on Trotskites and the “fifth column”, although in the final stages of the war, the Soviets controlled much of the army as well as part of the government as well.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[22] According to Professor Stanley G. Payne, Stalin's main goal was to keep the war going until he could have France and Britain at his side against Germany.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

At the same time, Stalin was laying the groundwork for the Molotov—Ribbentrop Pact he concluded with Hitler.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[23] The Nationalist Forces of Nationalist Rebels originally consisted of four political factions including the Fascist Phalangist Party, the alliance CEDA, formed from several right-wing parties, and pro-monarchy Carlists and Alfonsists.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

However, General Franco did not accept rival right-wing factions, but merged everyone into his own Phalangist party in April 1937.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[24] “Nationalists” was a designation used only by the faction's own members and supporters.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Opponents usually called them fascists.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The Nationalists' backers mainly included businessmen, large landowners, the Catholic Church and the country's middle class.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[25] Also fighting on the nationalist side was the Spanish Army of Africa, part of the country's air force and navy, and part of the paramilitary Guardia Civil and Guardia de Asalto police forces.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The African Army consisted of North Africans in addition to recruited Regulares troops from the Spanish Foreign Legion.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

In total, the strength of the nationalists was about 600,000 men.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Of the 120,000 soldiers of the Spanish Republican Army, about half moved into their ranks when the coup attempt was attempted, but for officers the proportion was as high as 90%.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Among the groups belonging to the nationalists, the Phalangists was a fascist party founded in 1933 by José Antonio Primo de Rivera, the son of Spain's deposed dictator Miguel Primo de Rivera.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

In 1934, it was joined by the pro-Nazi Jons faction.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The Falangists began political violence against their opponents even before the start of the civil war.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Their purpose of provocation was to create a climate of fear and turmoil in the country that would have justified, in order to restore order, the ouster of a Popular Front government and the establishment of a fascist regime.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

In the early stages of the Civil War, the Phalangist ranks numbered about 35,000 volunteers.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[26] CEDA was an alliance of just under twenty right-wing, monarchist and Catholic parties, with Acción Popular, founded in 1931 as its main faction.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

It declared its defence of Spain and Christianity against Marxism.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

CEDA took influences from both Nazism and Fascism as its activities.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Its president, José María Gil-Robles, visited the Nazi party convention in Nuremberg and CEDA also organised similar smaller-scale gatherings itself.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

After losing the 1936 parliamentary elections, the faction abandoned its moderate line and began supporting Phalangist violence, as well as funding an attempted military coup later in the summer.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[27] The Carlists and Alfonsists wanted to restore a monarchy in Spain.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The aim of the Carlists was to have a lineage inherited from Don Carlos of the House of Bourbon as ruler, the Alfonsists in turn wanted King Alfonso XIII, deposed in 1931, to regain the throne in 1931; the Carlists were both anti-democracy and anti-socialist.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Their anti-socialism even went so far that the Carlists opposed Hitler and Mussolini because of the National Socialism embodied in these policies.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[28] [29] The participation of foreign powers in the war Treaty of Non-Interference and the attitude of the League of Nations Shortly after war broke out in August 1936, a total of 27 countries signed the so-called Non-Interference Treaty, committing them not to get involved in the Civil War.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

At the foremost, the treaty that France and Great Britain were up to was intended to prevent the war from escalating into a pan-European major war.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Of the countries that joined it, however, Germany, Italy and the Soviet Union violated the treaty, sending their own soldiers and weapons material to various parties.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

France, too, was accused of violating it due to the passage of men and arms to the republicans through the country.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

In September, countries that signed the agreement set up a committee aimed at preventing weapons and foreign fighters from entering Spain.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The maritime territories surrounding the country were divided into British, French, German and Italian control, however the latter two states quickly withdrew from action.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[18] [30] [31] Great Britain and France, in particular, found themselves in a difficult situation in their approach to the Spanish Civil War.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

They did not want a victory for the Nationalists, as it would have known the country would fall into the hands of the fascists led by Franco, which would have resulted in the growth of influence of Nazi Germany and Italy under the new partner.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

On the other hand, countries, in their fear of communism, also did not want the victory of the republicans, particularly after the Soviet Union had emerged as their main backer and sent their own advisers to the country.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[30] In September, the republican government requested arms assistance from the League of Nations to defend its sovereignty, but the organisation was not willing to provide any assistance.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Apart from the escalation of the war, its fear was the spread of communism, which caused the League of Nations to ban the sending of foreign volunteers made up mostly of leftists to Spain in February 1937.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

However, the ban had virtually no effect.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[32] Foreign aid of republicans International brigades International brigades International brigades were troop detachments assembled from volunteers who fought on the side of the republicans.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The idea of creating them was put forward in September 1936 by Maurice Thorez, General Secretary of the French Communist Party and the assembly of the brigades was later in charge of the Comintern.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

In Britain, a volunteer force had already begun to be assembled at the same time, at the instigation of local communist leader Harry Pollitt.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[33] For the Comintern, the deployment of volunteers was organised by Josip Broz Tito, among others, who operated from Paris.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

In Spain, the town of Albacete was chosen as the brigades base, where the first volunteers arrived in October.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

In addition to the Communists and Social Democrats, the ranks of the International Brigades also fought liberals who opposed Italian Fascism and German National Socialism, wishing to halt their advance.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[34] In total, the brigades comprised 53,380 volunteers from 55 different countries, of whom about 10,000 participated in non-combat missions.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[33] Of the fighters of the International Brigades, an estimated 4,900 fell.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[3] The international brigades comprised a total of seven brigades.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The best-known units were the Abraham Lincoln Brigade of US volunteers, the Mackenzie-Papineau Battalion of Canadians, the British Battalion assembled from the Britons and Irish, the Garibaldi Battalion of Italians, and the Thälmann Battalion assembled from German-speaking countries and Scandinavians .


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The largest number of volunteers came from France, where nearly 9000 of them arrived.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

There were about 3,000 Poles and Italians.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The war attracted a great deal of interest around the world, which led to a large number of well-known political activists enlisting as volunteers as well as left-wing artists.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

In addition to the actual fighters, there were also plenty of newspapermen and photographers who served as war correspondents.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Among the best-known volunteers to arrive from abroad were Canadian doctor Norman Bethune, future Chancellor of West Germany Willy Brandt, photographer Robert Capa, writer Ernest Hemingway and composer Conlon Nancarrow.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[33] Finnish volunteers in the ranks of the republicans fought at least 72, in addition to 78 American Finns, 73 Canadian-Finns and at least two from the Soviet Union.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

About 70 of them fell.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[35] Well-known figures included American Finns William Aalto and Matti Mattson, Canadian-Finns Niilo Mäkelä and Jules Päiviö, and journalist Tuure Lehén, who influenced SKP.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Aaro Amnell published a memoir piece about the war across the Pyrenees in 1973.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Anarchists and Trotskyists Along with the International Brigades, some 2000—3000 foreign anarchists fought on the republican side, belonging to the forces of the CNT trade union and FAI.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

They came most from Italy, from where more than 500 anarchists arrived under the leadership of Camillo Berner.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[36] During the war, Spain was also visited on two occasions by the famous anarchist philosopher Emma Goldman.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[37] The ranks of the Trotsky-based POUM party, meanwhile, numbered about 700 foreign communists or other leftists from 28 different countries, some of whom did not want to join the brigades assembled by the Soviet-led Comintern.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The most famous to have fought in the POUM forces was the English writer George Orwell, who later published a book about his experiences in Catalonia, Catalonia.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[38] The Soviet Union, after Britain and France refused support, the republican government was forced to turn to the Soviet Union.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[39] Although the country had signed a non-interference treaty in August 1936, committing it not to supply military aid to Spain, the Soviet Union thus became the only external source of weapons material for the republicans.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Different from Hitler and Mussolini, however, Stalin attempted to deliver his arms aid in secret.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Depending on source, the republicans received an estimated 650—1000 aircraft, 350—900 tanks, 1000—1500 guns, plus an additional twenty thousand machine guns and hundreds of thousands of rifles.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

As a rule, infantry guns and cannons were old and quite unfit, but the T-26 and BT-5 tanks were modern and effective respectively.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Aircraft, on the other hand, were considerably weaker than those supplied to the Nationalists by Nazi Germany.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[40] [41] The republicans paid for arms aid with the gold reserves of the Spanish state, which at that time were the fourth largest in the world.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Through the decisions of Prime Minister Francisco Largo Caballero and Finance Minister Juan Negrín, 510 tonnes of gold — more than 70% of the country's entire gold reserve — were transferred to Moscow through France.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The remaining 193 tons were converted into cash in France.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[42] A total of 2000—3000 military advisers were sent to Spain by the Soviet Union.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

However, there were only about 500 soldiers involved in combat missions, who were mainly pilots and tank drivers.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[43] Agents of the NKVD, the security police of the Soviet Ministry of the Interior, were involved in a wide range of machinations during the war against republicans who opposed the Stalin-backed communists.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Among them, the most prominent were Iosif Grigulevitš and Aleksandr Orlov, who were implicated in the assassinations of Andrés Nin, the leader of the Trotsky POUM party, as well as the independent left-wing activist José Robles, among others.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[44] [45] The Red Army forces also included Finnish officers, such as Colonel Vilho Pentikäinen who served as intelligence officer, [46] Major General Toivo Tommola and General Eemeli Toikka.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Mexico After the Mexican Revolution, the left-liberal PRI party had come to power, whose policies led the country to openly support republicans in contrast to other Latin American states.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Mexico did not join the non-interference treaty, but helped the republicans for about $2 million.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Mexican aid encompassed, among other things, 20,000 rifles and 20 million patrunas.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[47] Mexico also helped the republicans through diplomatic support and by receiving some 50,000 refugees from Spain, including orphaned children.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[48] During World War II, the Spanish Second Republic's refugee government operated in México until it returned to Paris liberated from Nazi occupation.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[49] France, like Spain, also had a left-wing Popular Front government in the late 1930s.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

However, it did not openly support the republicans because the government feared aid would cause internal unrest in France and even civil war.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Right-wing parties in the country were also vehemently opposed to helping the republicans.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

In September 1936, a demonstration of over 20,000 people was held in Paris demanding that arms aid be provided.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Eventually, the government led by Prime Minister Léon Blum decided to send aircraft, pilots and mechanics to Spain.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

However, their delivery ended by the end of 1936.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[50] Foreign Aid of the Nationalists Volunteers on the side of the Nationalists led by General Franco fought a total of about 8000 volunteer Portuguese in their own troop contingent organized by the government and army of the country.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[51] In addition, there were 3000 other foreign volunteers who were a motley group of extreme Catholics, anti-communists, fascists and upper-class adventurers.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[52] Unlike the International Brigades, these volunteers did not form a unified troop contingent, nor were they recruited in an organized manner.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Franco was also never enthusiastic about taking them on in the first place.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[53] After the Portuguese, the largest number of volunteers arrived from Ireland, from where a 600-strong far-right group commanded by General Eoin O'Duffy had been assembled.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

O'Duffy was a former IRA member who subsequently led the fascist National Corporate Party he founded.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The Irish participated as part of the Spanish Foreign Legion in the Battle of Jarama in February 1937, but a force that proved incompetent were soon sent back to their homeland on the orders of Juan Yagüe, the commander of the Foreign Legion.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[52] Other notable groups included fascists from neighbouring France, who saw the Popular Front Government in Spain as a continuation of the French Popular Front they hated, and former Russian White Army soldiers who wanted to fight the Bolsheviks.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[53] From Romania, fascists belonging to the Iron Guard Party led by Ion Moța were briefly involved in the war.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[54] Finnish volunteers on Franco's side warred reportedly 14.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[55] The most famous of them was Lieutenant Colonel Carl von Haartman, who published his war memoir En nordisk Caballero i Francos Armé in 1939.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[56] In addition to individual volunteers, some 50,000 volunteer Italian black shirts warred on the nationalist side.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

However, as they were part of the Italian Army, the Black Shirts are not really considered a volunteer force.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[57] Germany The nationalists asked Germany for help immediately after the civil war began.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

However, Foreign Minister Konstantin von Neurath refused, fearing it would cause the war to spread across Europe.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Hitler disagreed to Neurath and started supporting the rebels as early as a week after war broke out.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The provision of aid continued even though Germany in September signed a non-interference agreement.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Gun and crew transports were then made via Portugal.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The war was beneficial to the country because it was allowed to experiment with its new weapons as well as tactics such as the Luftwaffe, which was founded in 1935.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The Germans also developed their tank warfare in Spain.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Hitler, however, feared that large-scale meddling might lead to a new World War, for which Germany was not yet ready.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

He therefore limited the military assistance provided by Germany mainly to the war training of the Nationalists, as well as aircraft and armour.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

In lieu of his own soldiers, Hitler persuaded Mussolini to send Italian troops to Spain.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[58] In addition, Germany participated in the war with its naval forces, whose submarines and ships patrolled the nearby waters of Spain, trying to protect against troop transfers made by Italy and also by disrupting Republican shipping.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[59] In total, around 16000—19000 German soldiers participated in the war, compared with 100,000 Italians, for example.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Some $215 million worth of aid was supplied by Germany to the republicans.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Aircraft the Nationalists received 600 and tanks 200.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[58] In August 1936, Germany sent to Spain the Legion Condor, a Luftwaffe unit set up for the Civil War.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

As recently as November, it included more than a hundred aircraft and 5000 men led by Major General Hugo Sperrle.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[60] Legion Condor, composed of volunteer pilots, conducted several bombing missions during the war, the most famous being the bombing of Guernica in April 1937, in connection with which at least 200—300 civilians were killed.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

It was one of the world's first bombings against civilian targets and was widely condemned internationally.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[61] In the Civil War, the Luftwaffe tested Stuka plunge bombers, whose howls later became a hallmark of lightning war.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Germany also introduced a Messerschmitt Bf 109 aircraft for the first time into combat use, as the Soviet Polikarpov I-16 offered too hard resistance for the old biplane aircraft.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Italy Under Benito Mussolini, Italy joined the Spanish Civil War after Hitler's persuasions.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The country, like Germany, was a signatory to the Non-Interference Treaty, but nevertheless supplied arms to the Nationalists at all times.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

By the end of 1936 Mussolini had sent to Spain, among other things, 130 aircraft, 2500 tons of bombs, 500 cannons and 12000 machine guns.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Italian troops into the country began moving in December 1936.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The wars in Spain included the Corpo Truppe Volontarie formed by some 50,000 volunteer fascists.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

In addition, the Italian army sent almost the same number of men, so that a total of about 80000—100,000 Italians participated in the war.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The Royal Italian Navy Regia Marina, as well as the Aviazione Legionaria unit of the Air Force established for the war, also played a major role.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Air Force crews in Spain numbered more than 6000.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[57] According to scholars, Italy's involvement in the war was an essential factor in the victory of the Nationalists.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[62] Portugal The Estado Novo government, led by Portuguese Prime Minister António de Oliveira Salazar, positioned itself immediately upon the outbreak of war to support Franco's nationalists.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The backdrop was not only on ideological grounds, but also that Salazar feared a republican victory would jeopardize the position of his own totalitarian regime.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The country was involved in the non-interference treaty, but allowed Germany to transport through Portugal arms and men to the Nationalists.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Salazar also arrested Spanish republicans who lived in the country, as well as setting up his own secret police during the war to capture Portuguese dissidents.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[63] Portuguese forces did not officially participate in the war, but the country left the country for Spain, supported by the government and army, a Viriatos contingent of 8000—12000 soldiers, made up of volunteer fascists.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[51] Not only infantry were involved, but also pilots.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[64] The course of the war 1936 After a failed military coup in July/August 1936, the Nationalists began shipping troops from Spanish Morocco to southwestern Spain and at the same time the rebels in northern Spain began advancing towards the south.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The troops advanced rapidly in many areas, encountering only weak resistance at the beginning.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

On 14 August, rebels from southern and northern Spain faced off in Badajoz, a town just off the Portuguese border.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The country was thus split in two into areas controlled by republican and nationalist rebels.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The northern regions on the coast of the Bay of Biscay were the Basque Country, Asturias and Cantabria and the western part of the country Catalonia, Valencia, Murcia, Castile-La Mancha and parts of Andalusia, Aragon and Extremadura.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The areas of support for the rebels included religious and conservative Castile-León, Galicia, Navarre, La Rioja, most of Extremadura, and parts of Andalusia and Aragon.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Of the large islands of the Baleraria, the republicans held Menorca and they managed to keep for themselves also the capital Madrid.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

In September, the republicans lost Toledo, the capital of Castile—La Mancha.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The event had great symbolic significance for the Nationalists.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[65] In October, the Nationalists launched a major offensive towards Madrid, from where the government moved for safety outside the war domain to Valencia on 6 November.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

However, the fighting around Madrid ended with a republican combat victory at the end of November, followed by the start of the siege of Madrid, which lasted until the end of the war.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[66] On 4 September, the rapid advance of the Nationalists caused the resignation of Prime Minister José Giral.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

In his place was appointed Francisco Largo Caballero, whose new government came not only parties involved in the Popular Front, but also anarchists.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[67] At the same time, the Nationalists elected General Franco as their leader, who was named generalissimo at the turn of September/October.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Soon he still adopted the appellation caudillo.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

During the autumn, Germany and Italy, which supported the Nationalists, and the Soviet Union, which had sided with the republicans, also joined the war.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The first international volunteers also arrived in support of both sides.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[68] The first months of the war also saw most of the so-called red terror perpetrated by republicans.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Capturing and executing political opponents was a tactic of both sides from the early stages of the war.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

However, the republicans already abandoned it after a few months when they gained control of the armed factions that operated independently.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The Nationalists, on the other hand, continued their own white terror until the end of the war.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Of the approximately 38,000 people killed outside the republican fighting, the vast majority were killed in the last six months of 1936.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[69] [70] 1937 In January—February 1937, the Nationalists again attempted to seize Madrid with little success.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

In early February, the Battle of Málaga began, which ended after heavy losses for the republicans as the city fell into the possession of Franco's forces on 8 February.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The republicans lost over 3,000 men in the fall in Málaga.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

In addition, some 3600 surrendered republicans were executed by the Nationalists, along with them thousands of refugees who left the city, with all male members killed.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[71] During February, the Battle of Jarama also took place, with both sides suffering heavy losses.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The Nationalists intended to cut off the route from Valencia to Madrid, but they failed to do so.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[72] During the first three weeks of March, the Battle of Guadalajara in Castile-La Mancha became the only significant victory of the republicans during the entire war.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Despite the lightning war tactics he used, Franco's forces lost over 3,000 soldiers when they fell.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[72] From mid-March, the Nationalists turned their attention to the north, where they defeated resistance initially in the Basque Country in mid-June and later in Asturias by the end of October.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

On 26 April 1937, German bombers attacked the city of Guernica with disastrous consequences.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The bombing of Guernica was then the largest aerial bombardment of a civilian target in recent military history.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

It prompted plenty of international objections.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Pablo Picasso painted a work depicting the bombing in Guernica, one of his most famous works.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[61] In May, a power struggle between the republicans took place in Barcelona.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The May street battles in Barcelona involved government and communist forces confronting anarchists and Trotskyists.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The series of events that ended in the decline of the influence of the anarchists led to the end of the social reforms underway since the beginning of the civil war, namely the so-called Spanish Revolution.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[21] In July, during the Battle of Brunete north of Madrid, the republicans managed to capture an area of about 50 square kilometres, but lost up to 20000—25000 men.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Nationalists' losses during the same period amounted to about 17000 soldiers.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[72] Another similar incident was the Battle of Belchite in August—September, in which the republicans managed to advance only a distance of about ten kilometers while suffering large fleet losses.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[72] In August Franco's forces took Aragon as well as Gijón, the largest city in the province of Asturias in October, after which all of northern Spain was held by the Nationalists.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[73] [74] 1938 By the beginning of 1938, the war had already turned in the Nationalists' favour.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

From December 1937 to February 1938, a significant Battle of Teruel took place, after which the town of Teruel in Aragon ended up in the hands of Franco's forces.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

In April, the Nationalists achieved another major victory in Aragon when they made a breakthrough and reached the Mediterranean coast in the east.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

This led to the division of territory held by the republicans in two.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[75] The republicans, under Prime Minister Juan Negrín, tried to bring about peace in May, but Franco made the peace treaty conditional on the unconditional surrender of the republicans, to which they did not agree.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[76] From Teruel, the Nationalist forces advanced south along the coast, towards Valencia, which was considered by the republicans as their capital.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Their advance was successfully halted to the defensive line known as the XYZ Line.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

In July, the republicans began a major counterattack aimed at reclaiming the territories occupied by the Nationalists in the east of the country and again linking the Republic's forces with each other.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The attack is known as the Battle of the Ebro and was the largest and longest continuous battle of the entire Civil War.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The republicans initially achieved success, but at the end of November they were forced to withdraw back from their territories they had taken and the Battle of the Ebro, which lasted four months, came to its conclusion 26.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

on Nov.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[77] A decisive blow to the battle morale of the republicans was the Munich Agreement signed in the last days of September, in which Nazi Germany, Britain, France and Italy agreed to cede the Sudeten territories of Czechoslovakia to Germany.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

This acquiescence by the Western powers showed the republicans that no anti-fascist alliance was emerging in Western Europe and they would remain in the war solely on Soviet aid against the forces of Franco, Nazi Germany and Italy.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[78] The Prime Minister of the Second Republic Juan Negrín had already ordered the withdrawal of all troops of the International Brigades.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

His purpose was thus to bring international pressure on Germany and Italy to withdraw their own war forces away from Spain; however, the plan was not successful.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[79] The Battle of the Ebro settled the victory of the war once and for all for Franco's fascists, who in December 1938 began a massive offensive towards Republican-held Catalonia.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[77] 1939 The Nationalist offensive towards Barcelona had started on 23 December 1938.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

After three weeks, Franco's forces captured the town of Tarragona, some 80 km away, and advanced on Barcelona on 26 January.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

In the first week of February, Girona in the north-east of Catalonia fell into control of the Nationalists and finally on 10 February the republican resistance in the province was virtually over.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Britain and France recognized Franco's government on February 27.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

on the day.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[79] On 5 March against the government of the Second Spanish Republic led by Prime Minister Negrin rose up against a military junta that wanted peace talks with the Nationalists.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The junta led by Colonel Segismundo Casado succeeded in ousting the government, which fled a day later to France.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

In the peace negotiations that began, Franco still did not accept but unconditional surrender and so no peace agreement was reached.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[80] After the loss of Catalonia, the only major areas of support for the republicans were Madrid and Valencia, of which the former surrendered on 28 March and Valencia a day later.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The last towns to be held by the republicans were Alicante, Almería, Murcia and Cartagena, which fell into the possession of the Nationalists during the last two days of March.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The rest of the republican forces surrendered on 1 April, when Franco declared himself the winner of the war.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

On the same day, the new Spanish nationalist government was also recognized by the United States.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[79] Terror during and after the war in the republican territory, terror was most often a sudden reaction to fear, which included a desire for revenge for old events.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The most publicity abroad was received by violence against clergy.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The Catholic Church was closely linked to conservatives in Spain.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Some 6000 bishops, priests, monks or nuns were killed during the war.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The republican violence was concentrated in the days after the attempted rebellion, targeting first insurgents and then at class enemies such as clergy and industrialists.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

In total, some 38,000 were victims of republican terror, almost half of whom were killed in Madrid and Catalonia in the summer of 1936.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[70] The terror of the Nationalists was based on the idea of purification (limpieza), which was an essential part of the idea of rebellion.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The intention was to eliminate leftist and democratic-liberal ingredients from the Spanish people.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

From July 1936 to early 1937, the Nationalists allowed “discretionary” killing under the guise of war, but soon elimination became systematic.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

First, all prisoners of war and those who fought among the republicans were shot; next, trade union leaders and representatives of the republican regime, left-wing politicians, and all known or suspected liberals and masons.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Executions were led by local committees, which usually included large landowners, the chief of the local National Guard, and quite often a priest.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Terror continued long after the war.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

The number of documented victims killed by the nationalist side is around 80,000, but taking into account unregistered and yet undocumented killings, the total casualty rate may be as high as 200,000.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[81] Franco's influence The defenders of General Franco claim he saved Spain from even worse turmoil.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

In the end, some war-weary republican Spaniards wanted the war just to end, though then Franco's victory.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Franco did not go along with Hitler's support for World War II.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

[22] Spanish Civil War in Art In literature, the Spanish Civil War has been dealt with by, for example, Ernest Hemingway in his novel Whom the bells ring and George Orwell in his reportage book Catalonia, Catalonia.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Pablo Picasso's Guernica of 1937 is the most famous painting associated with the Spanish Civil War.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Among Spanish films, artists such as Spirit of the Beehive, Devil's Backbone and Pan's Labyrinth have dealt with the trauma of the Civil War through the means of horror or fantasy.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Director Álex de la Iglesia's Last Circus, on the other hand, deals with the subject in a downright and tarantine-like irreverent manner [82].


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Roland Joffé also plays the Spanish Civil War in his film There Be Dragons.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

See also No pasarán Santa Cruz del Valle de los Caídos Spanish Resistance Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Beevor, Antony| title = Battle for Spain.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Spanish Civil War 1936—1939| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2006| version = (The Battle for Spain: The Spanish Civil War 1936—1939, 2006.)


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Translated by Matti Kinnunen| id = ISBN 951-0-31934-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Eby, Cecil D.| title = Alcázar siege | location = Porvoo Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 1968| version = (The Siege of the Alcázar, 1965).


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Translated by Kimmo Cleve}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hemingway, Ernest| title = For Whom the Bell Tolls | location = Helsinki| publisher = January| year = 2014| version = (For Who the Bell Tolls, 1940.)


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Translated by Hilkka Pekkanen| id = ISBN 978-951-31-6475-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Juusela, Jyrki| title = Finns in the Spanish Civil War 1936—1939| location = Jyväskylä| publisher = Atena| year = 2003| id = ISBN 951-796-324-6}} error, replace with {{ cite book| author = Kekkonen, Jukka| title = When guns speak.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Political violence in the Spanish and Finnish civil wars| location = Helsinki| publisher = Art House| year = 2016| id = ISBN 978-951-884-586-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Koivisto, Hanne & Parikka, Raimo (ed.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

) | title = ¡No pasarán!


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Spanish Civil War Cultural History| location = Helsinki| publisher = Society of Labour History and Tradition| year = 2015| id = ISBN 978-952-5976-34-2| format = [online version] (PDF)}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Orwell, George| title = Catalonia, Catalonia | location = Porvoo Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 1974 (2nd edition 1991) | version = (Homage to Catalonia, 1938.)


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Translated by Taisto Nieminen| id = ISBN 951-0-06531-5}} On the topic elsewhere Karvinen, Timo: Book review of Koivisto, Hanne & Parikka, Raimo (ed.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

): ¡NO PASARÁN!


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Cultural history of the Spanish Civil War.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

Society for the Study of Labour History and Tradition, 2015.


Question: How many people died during the Spanish Civil War?

Spanish Civil War

(Agricola book reviews, July 6, 2015) Category:Spanish Civil War Category:Key articles of screening


Question: How is a coral atoll defined?

Fiji

The Republic of Fiji (formerly the Republic of the Fiji Islands) [1], or Fiji (, in FijinHindi:


Question: How is a coral atoll defined?

Fiji

The state includes about 850 islands or islets, of which about a hundred are inhabited.


Question: How is a coral atoll defined?

Fiji

The largest islands are Viti Levu and Vanua Levu, where about 87% of the country's more than 837,000 inhabitants live.


Question: How is a coral atoll defined?

Fiji

The capital Suva lies at Viti Levu.


Question: How is a coral atoll defined?

Fiji

The land area of Fiji is just over 18000km².


Question: How is a coral atoll defined?

Fiji

Since its independence in 1970, the state has been politically unstable.


Question: How is a coral atoll defined?

Fiji

Since 1987, the country has gone through four coups, the most recent in late 2006.


Question: How is a coral atoll defined?

Fiji

On 1 September 2009, Fiji was expelled from the Commonwealth, but regained membership after the September 2014 election.


Question: How is a coral atoll defined?

Fiji

In addition to the native Fijians, a significant minority of descendants of migrants brought from India live in the country, Fijinis Indians.


Question: How is a coral atoll defined?

Fiji

The country's main sources of income are sugar and tourism.


Question: How is a coral atoll defined?

Fiji

The emblems of the country The flag of Fiji features a British flag telling of colonial history, as well as a shield of arms inherited from the British-era coat of arms.


Question: How is a coral atoll defined?

Fiji

The coat of arms of Fiji features the red St George's Cross of England, a lion and a dove of peace supporting a coconut in its paws, and a sugar cane, coconut palm and a banana raceme representing natural resources important to colonial mistresses.


Question: How is a coral atoll defined?

Fiji

[2] Fijian Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama announced in February 2015 that the country would remove symbols of British colonial rule from its flag.


Question: How is a coral atoll defined?

Fiji

A design competition would be held for the new flag, with the flag due to be introduced at the 45th anniversary of the country's independence in October 2015.


Question: How is a coral atoll defined?

Fiji

[2] However, the opposition opposed the proposal because of the cost, causing the flag reform to get stuck in its racks.


Question: How is a coral atoll defined?

Fiji

Bainimarama announced in August 2016 that the government would no longer push for the flag renewal and would focus funds sooner on repairing the devastation caused by Cyclone Winston.


Question: How is a coral atoll defined?

Fiji

[3] Geography Islands Fiji is an island nation consisting of about 850 islands in the western Pacific Ocean, approximately 1770 kilometres north of New Zealand.


Question: How is a coral atoll defined?

Fiji

Taveuni Island, part of the state, is located on the 180-degree meridian boundary, but the entire state is assigned to the same time zone, meaning everywhere in the state there is the same date regardless of location.


Question: How is a coral atoll defined?

Fiji

About one hundred of the islands are inhabited and the vast majority, or about 522, are small islets.


Question: How is a coral atoll defined?

Fiji

Slightly separate from the main archipelago lies the island of Rotuma, which was annexed to the state in 1881 and has special administrative status.


Question: How is a coral atoll defined?

Fiji

[4] The Ceva-i-Ra coral atoll also belongs to the state despite its somewhat remote location.


Question: How is a coral atoll defined?

Fiji

About one percent, or 18270km², of Fiji's area is land.


Question: How is a coral atoll defined?

Fiji

The area of the state, including marine areas, is approximately 1.3 million square kilometres.


Question: How is a coral atoll defined?

Fiji

The largest islands are Viti Levu (10386km²) and Vanua Levu (5535km²).


Question: How is a coral atoll defined?

Fiji

The capital Suva is located on the island of Viti Levu.


Question: How is a coral atoll defined?

Fiji

[5] In addition to Suva, other important cities include Labasa, Nadi, Savusavu and Lautoka.


Question: How is a coral atoll defined?

Fiji

More than half of Fiji's residents live on the coasts of the islands.


Question: How is a coral atoll defined?

Fiji

There are a total of 1129 kilometres of coastline in Fiji.


Question: How is a coral atoll defined?

Fiji

[4] Other islands and island groups include Rotuma, Taveuni, Kadavu, Mamanuca Islands, Yasawa Islands, Lomaiviti Islands, and the outlying Lau Islands.


Question: How is a coral atoll defined?

Fiji

[6] The largest islands are volcanic and the islands originated as a result of volcanic activity and are mountainous.


Question: How is a coral atoll defined?

Fiji

[7] There are 28 other peaks over 910 metres high in the island nation.


Question: How is a coral atoll defined?

Fiji

Otherwise, the islands are covered by tropical forest.


Question: How is a coral atoll defined?

Fiji

The highest point in the country is Tomanivi (Mount Victoria) on the island of Viti Levu, whose peak is at an altitude of 1323 metres.


Question: How is a coral atoll defined?

Fiji

The largest rivers in Fiji are the Rewa, Navua, Sigatoka and Ba in Viti Levu and the Dreketi River in Vanua Levu, with deltas formed in the marshes.


Question: How is a coral atoll defined?

Fiji

The Rewa is the most important river in terms of livelihood and has a length of 150 kilometres, of which 113 kilometres are navigable.


Question: How is a coral atoll defined?

Fiji

[4] Nature The original species of the islands is very abundant.