Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

An understanding of mindfulness can enable various ethical issues to be addressed.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Such questions include: How should the consciousness of seriously ill or disabled people be treated?


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

[8] To what extent are animals conscious?


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

At what point in fetal development does consciousness originate?


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Can machines achieve consciousness?


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

[9] [10] These issues relate to the ethical treatment of other beings, be it animals (the question of animal rights), fetuses (the question of abortion) or machines.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

[11] Phenomenal consciousness and access awareness Phenomenal consciousness (F-consciousness [12]) refers to individual experience.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

It consists of changing, moving and colourful forms, sounds and other sensations, as well as emotions and sensations with the body at the centre.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Such subjective experiences, differentiated from the externally observable consequences seen through their behavior, are called qualia.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

David Chalmers defined the so-called “difficult problem of consciousness” in 1996, concerning how states of phenomenal consciousness could be explained through their neurological basis.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

[13] Access awareness (P-consciousness [14]) means that information in the mind is available to the brain for activities such as speech expression, reasoning, and controlling behaviour.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

When an individual perceives something, information about the object of observation is in the access consciousness; when an individual uses self-perception, information about his or her own thoughts is in the access consciousness; when the individual remembers, information about the past (for example, something learned) is in the access consciousness; and so on.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

According to Chalmers, access consciousness is not as enigmatic a phenomenon as phenomenal consciousness, so it belongs to the easier problems of consciousness.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Daniel Dennett, for example, has denied the existence of qualites and at the same time that there is a difficult problem of consciousness.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

According to him, phenomenal consciousness can be explained through access consciousness, and consciousness as a whole through how it affects behavior.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

For such research on consciousness, he has used the name heterophenomenology.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Events in the mind or brain that are neither in phenomenal nor access consciousness are subconscious events.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Descriptions of Phenomenal Consciousness When we look at the room where we are or dream, things seem to be located in time and space and appear as if viewed from a single point.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

However, when philosophers and scientists try to determine the location of such phenomenal consciousness and its contents, major disagreements arise.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

René Descartes proposed that the content of brain functions is in a single non-physical location, an intangible thinking substance with no spatial dimension (res cogitans).


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

This he identifies as the same as the soul.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Descartes' Contemplations on First Philosophy included extensive descriptions of what it is like to be conscious.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Descartes saw conscious experience placed in space-time as perceived thoughts from a single point, into which he read as much imagination as sensations.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Descartes of consciousness invested in the pineal gland; his “life spirits”, in turn, were a kind of precursor to neuroelectric function.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Many other philosophers, including Nicolas Malebranche, Thomas Reid, John Locke, David Hume, and Immanuel Kant, agreed in many respects with Descartes's definitions, though the theory of the pineal gland as the centre of the mind did not gain widespread support.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

According to Reid, the content of consciousness is reality itself.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Reality becomes our conscious experience in some way.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Hume and Kant avoided presenting any single place from which the experience would be experienced.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Kant dealt with a lot of consciousness in relation to time as well as the existensionality of things in time.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

According to him, only by requiring the advance of time can we present the things we experience as either existing at one moment of time (simultaneously) or at different moments of time (sequentially).


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

William James, too, placed an emphasis on the existensionality of experience in time.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

For example, George Berkeley posited that the contents of consciousness are aspects of minds and may not involve anything substantive at all.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

This is a form of idealism (subjective idealism).


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Gottfried Leibniz, on the other hand, held that every point of the universe is equipped with consciousness.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

This is a form of panpsychism.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

According to it, all matter, even stones, for example, has consciousness.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

The notion that things in conscious experience are impressions in the brain is called representationalism.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

It's a form of indirect realism.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

According to some philosophers of mind, phenomenal experience involves a so-called “gap of explanation”.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Colin McGinn, for example, has embraced Mysterianism that it cannot be solved.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

David Chalmers has criticized purely physical accounts of mental experience based on the fact that philosophical zombies are logically possible.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Other philosophers of mind have in turn proposed various speculative theories, such as the quantum mind, various space-time and electromagnetic theories of consciousness, and reflexive monism, as a filling of an explanation gap to explain the equivalence of brain functions and experience.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

According to mental philosophical emergentism, consciousness arises from the complexity of brain functions.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

“Emergence” refers to new phenomena that “emerge” or “emerge” from a physical basis as if synergically without further defining the connection between the two.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Philosophical critique of the concept of consciousness from the 18th to the 20th century, many philosophers focused on thinking as well as various relationships and series of events as major facets of consciousness.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

These later began to be referred to as access awareness.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

This focus on relationships allowed such philosophers as Karl Marx, Friedrich Nietzsche, and Michel Foucault to suggest that individual consciousness was dependent on such factors as social and political relations and power structures.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

At the same time, among others, John Locke's idea of a firsthand identity built on top of an individually-conscious subject faced criticism in the 19th century from not only Marx and Nietzsche but also Sigmund Freud.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

These presented differing views on the subject.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Also, Martin Heidegger's concept of Dasein was an attempt to think from outside the concept of a conscious subject.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Marx held that societal relations ontologically preceded individual consciousness.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

At the same time, he criticized the idea of the conscious subject, seeing it as the ideological concept upon which liberal political thought was based.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Marx was particularly critical of the French Declaration of Human Rights of 1789, holding that so-called natural rights, for example the right of the first night, were ideological sepiety intended only to mask social inequality.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Later, Louis Althusser criticized the “reindeer bourgeois subject ideology” through his concept of interpellation (“calling”).


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Nietzsche, for his part, in his book On the Origin of Morality, criticized the idea of developing consciousness as a result of guilt and resentment (ressentiment), and wrote that “they give you free will only to accuse you later”.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Thus Nietzsche turned the classic notion of free will upside down.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

At the same time, he was among the first to make the argument that the modern idea of consciousness was to blame for the modern system of punishing people according to their “moral responsibility”, that is, according to the extent to which the acts were consciously committed by an individual subject.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Consciousness and Language Since people express states of their consciousness through language, it would be tempting to combine consciousness with linguistic abilities.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

However, there are non-speaking people (children, aphasia patients, severely autistic) who are considered to be conscious even if they do not yet possess linguistic abilities or have lost them.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Research on non-linguistic primates, particularly macaques, has been used as an aid when researchers have searched for neural correlates of consciousness contents.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Psychologist Julian Jaynes has put forward the opposite in his book The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

According to him, linguistic abilities should be developed to a fairly high level of complexity so that consciousness can arise in a person.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

According to Jaynes, human consciousness in the modern sense did not emerge until around the year 1300 BCE.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

around.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

[15] There would not have been such coherence between the different brain regions before that as it is today, but operated partially apart from each other (the “bicamerality” of the brain).


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Many philosophers, such as W. V.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

O. Quine, and neuroscientists such as Christof Koch have challenged this hypothesis because it holds that human experience would not have existed prior to this “discovery” of consciousness.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

[16] Ned Block has considered Jaynes to have confused consciousness with the concept of consciousness, the latter of which was discovered sometime between the Ilias and the Odyssey.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

[17] However, according to Daniel Dennett, this idea that consciousness evolves only at the same time as its concept is revolutionary.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

According to him, consciousness is kind of like money: in order for someone to have money, he must have an idea of money.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Physics Even before Newtonian natural science, among others, Gottfried Leibniz proposed a physical theory of consciousness (pre-set harmony).


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Modern physical consciousness theories can be divided into three types: theories that seek to explain behavior and access consciousness; theories that seek to explain phenomenal consciousness; and theories that seek to explain the quantum mechanical quantum mind.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Theories that seek to explain behavior are part of ordinary neuroscience.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Some of these theories, such as Gerald Edelman's theory, identify phenomenal consciousness controversially with reflexive events in the brain.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Various theories that seek to explain phenomenal consciousness directly, such as space-time and electromagnetic consciousness theories, have existed since the early 20th century, but have not yet been confirmed experimentally.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Theories that seek to explain problems with quantum mechanical measurement include the Holonomic Brain Theory by Karl H. Pribram and David Bohm, the Orch-or Theory of Stuart Hameroff and Roger Penrose, and the Interpretation of Many Minds.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

However, no quantum mechanical consciousness theory has been confirmed experimentally, and there are some philosophers who hold that quantum mechanics has no connection to consciousness.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Functions of Consciousness People generally believe that humans are conscious, but much lower life forms such as bacteria are not.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Many are willing to accept that more advanced animals, such as dolphins and primates, have consciousness.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Experimentally studied, among other things, the extent to which animals are conscious.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Consciousness has possibly evolved through evolution because it has been useful in terms of survival, among other things.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

This is why research has sought to examine, among other things, the functions of consciousness and the benefits they bring to life.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Bernard Baars, among others, has considered that consciousness is a question of “extreme functional adaptation”, and proposed various functions in which consciousness plays a significant, if not essential, component: prioritizing alternatives, problem solving, decision making, control of functions, error detection, planning, learning, adaptation, context-perceiving, and access to information.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

[18] Antonio Damasio has considered consciousness to be part of an organism survival kit that allows for planned action instead of mere instinctive reactions.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

[19] He has also held that awareness of the self allows for concern for one's own survival, thus increasing the drive to survive, although there is no consensus among scholars as to the extent to which consciousness and action are interconnected.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Many psychologists, such as radical behaviorists, and many philosophers, such as proponents of Gilbert Ryle's approach, are of the opinion that behavior can be explained through non-conscious processes.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

According to them, consciousness might be epiphenomenal or only weakly connected to action.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Regarding the primary functions of conscious processing, the idea has been repeated in several theories that phenomenal states unify in some way such neural activity and information processing that would otherwise be independent.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

However, it is open to what kind of information conscious integration applies to, and what kind of information can be combined unconsciously.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

It is clear that not all information related to the organism can be transmitted consciously (such as neural activities related to vegetative functions, reflexes and lower-level business and perceptual analyses), and a wide range of information can be transmitted and combined with another species to information without consciousness, as in interactions between senses.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

[20] Testing Consciousness Since there is no precise definition of consciousness and there is no empirical metric for testing its presence, it has been argued that there can be no empirical tests for consciousness at all.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

However, a number of tests have been developed that could provide an operational definition of consciousness, and assist in determining whether computers or animals other than humans can demonstrate through their behavior, by passing these tests, that they are conscious.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

The Turing test, developed by Alan Turing, is a test that was originally intended to test whether a computer meets the operational definition of intelligence.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

The test is often discussed when talking about artificial intelligence.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

In the experiment, a person is placed in conversation with a computer on the one hand and a human


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

The idea is that a computer is intelligent if its answers cannot be distinguished from human responses, meaning the observer cannot tell which of the interlocutors is human and which machine.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

The AI that passes the Turing test therefore manages to at least appear thoughtful.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

In order to maintain the universal nature of the test's linguistic skills, it is carried out on a textual basis.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

The Turing test has generated much debate among scientists.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

For example, Daniel Dennett and Douglas Hofstadter have held that anything that passes the Turing test is necessarily conscious, [21] whereas David Chalmers, for example, has held that a philosophical zombie would also pass the test without being conscious.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

[22] John Searle developed a thought experiment called the Chinese Room, which has been intended to demonstrate problems with the idea of the Turing test.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

[23] Searle asks his readers to imagine a room with a person not knowledgeable in Chinese who accepts Chinese writing characters from one door and returning from another door to answer other Chinese writing characters according to what the rulebooks he has.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Based on external examination, the person appears to be proficient in Chinese, but in reality he does not.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

This argument has been widely debated since its publication in 1980.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

It has also been suggested that the whole question of consciousness is already anthropomorphic in nature.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Edsger Dijkstra commented that “the question of whether a computer can think is no more interesting than the question of whether a submarine can swim”.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

By this he was referring to the view that different words are used for how machines work than those of animals even when the results are the same — just as submarines are not normally said to swim.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

The application of the Turing test to test human consciousness has prompted an annual competition called the Loebner Prize.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

[24] Its top prize is $100,000 and a gold medal for the first computer whose answers are indistinguishable from human responses.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Mirror test In a mirror test developed by Gordon Gallup, the subject of research is whether animals can identify themselves by their mirror image.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

In the classic example, a colourful spot is placed on the forehead of the individual being tested, followed by a view to see if the individual is trying to remove it, or at least touch it, which would indicate that the individual recognizes the figure seen in the mirror as being it himself.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Human children over 18 menstruation, [25] human monkeys (except gorillas), [25] bottle snout dolphins, [26] [27] pigeons [28] and elephants [29] have all been found to pass the test.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

The test is usually carried out to place a similar spot made of material, but not seen in the mirror, to ensure that the subject of the test does not respond solely to tactile stimuli.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Advocates of the difficult problem of consciousness have responded to the results of the test by holding that the mirror test only shows that some animals have enough cognitive abilities to model their environment, but does not demonstrate the existence of phenomenal consciousness itself.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Delay test One problem faced by researchers is the separation of non-conscious reflexes and instinctive responses from conscious responses.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Neuroscientists Francis Crick and Christof Koch have proposed observing the delay between stimulus and response to determine how much of a contribution consciousness plays in the functioning of organisms.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

The ability to delay a response indicates that associated information is deposited in short-term memory, which is assumed to be a basic condition closely related to consciousness.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

However, such a test can only be used for biological organisms.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

It would be easy to program the delay into a computer program, but that wouldn't tell you anything about computer consciousness yet.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Physical Testing In medicine, various neurological and brain imaging techniques, such as electrocerebral curve (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging, can be used to measure brain functions, some of which are also related to consciousness.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

A good example is EEG measurement during anesthesia.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

It can tell how good anesthesia the patient is, although its accuracy is still very limited and depends on the patient and the drugs used.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

See also Subconscious Machine Consciousness Mind Consciousness Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Blackmore, Susan| title = Conversations on Consciousness| location = Oxford| publisher = Oxford University Press| year = 2005| isbn = 978-0-19-280622-2 | language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

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Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

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Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Studies in Neurophilosophy, 2002.)


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

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Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Emotion, reason and human brain| location = Helsinki| publisher = Terra cognita| year = 2001| version= (Descartes' Error, 1994.)


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Translated by Kimmo Pietiläinen| isbn=952-5202-49-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Damasio, Antonio| title = Sense of Happening.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

How consciousness arises | location = Helsinki| publisher = Terra cognita| year = 2000| version=( The Feeling of What Happens, 1999.)


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Translated by Kimmo Pietiläinen| isbn=952-5202-41-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Damasio, Antonio| title = Looking for Spinoza.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Joy, sadness and feeling brain| location = Helsinki| publisher = Terra cognita| year = 2003| version=( Looking for Spinoza.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Joy, Sorrow and the Feeling Brain, 2003.)


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Translated by Kimmo Pietiläinen| isbn=952-5202-69-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Damasio, Antonio| title = Self comes to mind.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Conscious Brain| location = Helsinki| publisher = Terra cognita| year = 20i1| version=( Self Comes to Mind.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Constructing the Conscious Brain, 2010.)


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Translated by Kimmo Pietiläinen| isbn = 978-952-5697-36-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Dennett, Daniel C.| title = Explanation of Consciousness | location = Helsinki| publisher = Art House| year = 1999| version = (Consciousness Explained, 1991.)


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Translated by Tiina Kartano| isbn=951-884-190-X}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Dennett, Daniel C.| title = How the Mind Works| location = Porvoo| publisher = WSOY| year = 1997| version = (Kinds of Ninds.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Towards an Understanding of Consciousness, 1997.)


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Translated by Leena Nivala| isbn = 951-0-21531-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Enqvist, Kari| title = Being at the Gate| location = Porvoo Helsinki Juva| publisher = WSOY| year = 1998| isbn = 951-0-22915-6}} Citation with error, replace {{cite book| author = Heinämaa, Sara & Läteenmäki, Vili & Remes, Paulina| title = Consciousness.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

From Perception to Reflection in the History of PphiloSophy| location = Dordrecht| publisher = Springer| year = 2007| version=Studies in the history of philosophy of mind.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Vol.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

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Basics of Systemic Psychology| location = Oulu| publisher = Norther| year = 1994| id = ISBN 951-749-194-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Järvilehto, Timo| title = What determines man?


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Thoughts on cooperation, awareness and education| location = Oulu| publisher = Northern| year = 1995| isbn = 951-749-226-X}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = LeDoux, Joseph| title = Synaptic self.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

How the brain makes me me| location = Helsinki| publisher = Terra cognita| year = 2003| version=( Synaptic Self.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

How Our Brains Become Who We Are, 2002).


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Translated by Kimmo Pietiläinen| isbn = 952-5202-57-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Paavalainen, Petri| title = Functional Brain: Fundamentals of Cognitive Neuroscience| location = Helsinki| publisher = Edita| year = 2016| isbn = 978-951-37-6860-7}} Citation replace error with {{cite book| author = Rauhala, Lauri| title = Self-Defense of Conscience| location = Helsinki| publisher = University Weight| year = 2005| isbn = 951-570-240-2}} On topic elsewhere entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Lagerspetz, Olli: so & thus 1/1999, 4—11.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Lankinen, Susanna:.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

Pathos 1/2011.


Question: Can a human build a computer program?

Consciousness

entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Category:Philosophy of Mind Category:Consciousness Studies Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

Demiurgi (Greek.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

δημιουργός, dēmiourgós - “moulder”, “craftsman”) is, in Plato's philosophy and some other doctrinal systems, the builder of the world, a lower creator god who has shaped the material world of chaos out of matter to reflect a rational and eternal ideal.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

Plato gave the concept this meaning in the dialog of Timaios.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

Later, some Gnostics embraced Plato's concept and adapted it to their own dualistic worldview.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

In Gnosticism, the demiurgist represented the forces of evil.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

It was a being that had composed a despicable material world and was the opposite of a good high god.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

Originally, a demiurgist has meant a person engaged in activities of general interest and produces commodities, such as artisans and builders.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

[1] [2] The true essence of the demiurg varies considerably across different doctrinal systems.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

For others, like Plato, it was a benevolent architect, builder or artist; for others, as for some Gnostics, the personification of evil.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

In Setian Gnosticism, the demiurg's name was Jaldabaoth and was associated with Yahweh.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

Other names given to the demiurg include Yao or Iao and Ptahil of Mandeanism.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

Platonism Plato refers to the demiurg several times in his Socratic dialogue as Timaios.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

He portrays the demiurg as a creature who “designed and shaped” the material world.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

He defines the demiurg as unreservedly benevolent and willing to create the best possible world.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

However, the world became partially incomplete because the demiurg had to use existing chaos matter, which was reluctant to bend to his attempts at plasticine.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

The role of the demiurg between God and creation does not coincide at all with pure-doctrinal Christian theology.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

According to classical Jewish and Christian conception, creation was originally perfectly good and created by a single benevolent creator.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

The perception also rejects the idea that Satan or some other similar malevolent being might have created the world.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

Plato's idea contradicts Christian cosmogony also in that it assumes some passive and chaotic matter used as a building material as a precursor, contradicting that an almighty creator would have created the universe out of nothing, ex nihilo.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

Gnosticism Like Plato, Gnosticism also makes a distinction between the supreme, unknown God and the demiurg who acted as the creator of matter.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

In contrast to Plato, several Gnostic systems present the demiurg as having rebelled against the Supreme Being: its creation is, without the knowledge of the demiurg, an impersonation of the divine model and therefore incorrect in its grounds, or it has arisen as a malevolent attempt to capture divine features in the material.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

In such systems, the demiurgist serves as an explanation for the problem of evil.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

In Setian Gnosticism, among others in the Secret Book of John, the demiurg is named Jaldabaoth, and declares himself the only god: “This weak ruler has three names.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

The first is named Jaldabaoth, the second is Saklas and the third is Samael.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

The insanity that was in him made him presumptuous.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

He claimed, 'I am God, and there is no other God'.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

He didn't know his power, the place he was coming from.”


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

(John.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

sal.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

book 11).


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

“Jaldabaoth” may mean, according to some interpretations, the “child of chaos” and the “father of Sebaoth” by others.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

“Samael” might coincide with the personification of death in Judaism, the angel of death Samael, corresponding to the Christian demon of the same name.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

Literally, it might mean “Blind God” (Syrian sæma-el).


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

“Saklas” means “Foolish” in Aramaic (Syrian sækla, 'fool', 'crazy').


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

According to classical Gnostic myth, Sofia, or Wisdom, mother of the demiurg and one aspect of the divine Pleroma, or Fullness, wanted to create something of her own that would be separated from the rest of the divine entity and without the permission of the deity.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

As a result of this separate creation work, a monstrous demiurgist was born.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

Ashamed of what she did, Sofia hid this in a cloud and created a throne for it inside the cloud.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

When isolated, the demiurgist did not see his mother or anyone else and concluded that only she exists, oblivious to the higher levels of reality that were her birthplace.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

Demiurgi steals some of the power from his mother and creates a visible universe impersonating unbeknownst to the perfect example given by Pleroma.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

Thus, Sofia's powers become wrapped around humanity's material form and imprisoned in the material universe.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

The goal of Gnostic movements was usually awakening from this state, which allowed man to return to the upper, non-material deity that was its primary origin.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

Some Gnostic philosophers, notably Marchion, associated the demiurg with Yahweh, the God of the Old Testament, as opposed to the God of the New Testament.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

Some in turn linked the demiurg to Satan.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

The Cathars probably borrowed their idea of Satan as the creator of the evil world directly or indirectly from Gnosticism.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

The Neo-Platonian philosopher Plotinos criticized the Gnostic view of the demiurgical.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

The ninth part of the Second Ennead was titled Against Those who consider the creator of the universe and the universe itself to be evil.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

It is usually referred to as Against the Gnostics.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

In it, Plotinos criticized his opponents for having taken possession of Plato's ideas: “From Plato come their punishments, their underworld rivers and transformation from body to body; a multiplicity which they claim prevails in the spiritual realm — Original Existence , Intellectual Prinsip, Second Creator and Soul—all this is taken from Timaios” (Ennead 2:9 .VI).


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

Worth noting is a note about another creator and soul.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

Plotinos criticized his opponents for “all the novelties through which they seek to establish their own philosophy”, which he said were “picked from outside the truth.”


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

In his view, they sought more to disguise than to admit their debt of gratitude to an ancient philosophy they had ruined with their irrelevant and misguided changes.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

Thus their understanding of the demiurgy was similarly flawed if compared to Plato's own ideas.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

According to the most common view, opponents of Plotinos have been considered to have been a Gnostic sect.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

Such sects existed in Alexandria and elsewhere in the Mediterranean during Plotinos's time, and many of the things he criticised conform to Gnostic teachings.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

The most notable of these was the doctrine of Sofia and the demiurgist she emanated.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

Comparisons to Kerinthos Kerinthos, in whose thinking one can observe the influence of the Ebionites, according to the ancient Hebrew term Elohim — a “one-plural name” often used for God in Chapter 1 of Genesis and which can be interpreted as a hierarchy of ancient spirits, angels or gods — were co-creators of the Supreme Being and part-responsible for creation in the context of the “grand plan”, following the theological example given by the Greek word Logos.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

Psalm 82:1, “God steps forth at the meeting of the gods and declares his judgment to the gods”, describes a set of gods (elōhim).


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

However, it does not say that these gods were involved in the creation.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

According to this theory, an abstract uniformity can be found between Logos (as applied to Jesus in the first chapter of the Gospel of John) and Plato's demiurg.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

However, according to the Gospel of John, Logos is clearly a single being, not a meeting or a group.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

According to Christian theology, Jesus is also the second person of the holy and indivisible Holy Trinity, and thus rejects the idea that the world was created by an ignorant or malevolent demiurgist (be it singular or plural) as the aid of a separate, higher god.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

The character of the Iamblikhos Demiurg also appears in the theories of Iamblikhos.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

In it, it acts as an intermediary between the transcendent, unreachable “The One,” located at the top of his system, and the material world.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

The original dyad (“twin”) described by Iamblikhus consisted of One, a monad whose first prince-wing was reason (nous).


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

Between this monad and the ensuing moneity, Iamblikhos placed another, overbearing “One” who was the producer of intellect and soul (psychhe) who perfected the dyad.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

The first, the upper “One” divided into an intelligible and understanding sphere according to Iamblikohs.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

Of these, the latter was the domain of thought, while the former encompassed the objects of thought.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

Thus a triad was formed, the “thirus”, which thus consisted of comprehensible order (rise), understanding order and psychhe.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

In this triad, Iamblikhos gave the third place to the demiurg.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

Thus the demiurgist was combined with perfected reason and the intellectual triad expanded into hebdomadic.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

In Plotinos's system, nous produced nature mediated by intellect, so thus intellectual, spiritual gods were followed by a triad of psychic gods.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

Vedic tradition According to the Hindu Vedic tradition, Brahma, a member of Trimurti, was the secondary creator of the universe.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

According to the Puranas, he was “self-born” without a mother from a lotus grown from Vishnu's navel at the beginning of the universe.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

He is surrounded by darkness, and he tries, without success, to find out the origin of the lotus.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

After that, he hears the syllables ta-pa and begins to practice asceticism and gains power from Vishnu for creation.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

See also Arkhon Brahma Gnosticism Yahweh Mandeanism Monad Platonism Settiism Timaios Sources Literature Dunderberg, Ismo; Marjanen, Antti: The Hidden Wisdom of Nag Hammad - Gnostic and other early Christian texts, 2. supplemented edition.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

WSOY, Helsinki 2005.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

ISBN 951-0-30859-5.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

Pagels, Elaine: The Gnostic Gospels, Art House, Helsinki 2006.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

ISBN 951-884-416-X.


Question: What does a demiurgist mean?

Demiurgi

Category:Gnosticism Class:Deities Class:Platonism


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

Palpa, or Suomen Palatusppu Oy, is a Finnish company that manages bottle recall.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

Palpa's recycling scheme includes both glass and plastic drink bottles and aluminum beverage cans.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

Some of the bottles are reused, the material of the part is recycled.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

The material in the cans is recycled.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

Beverage packaging under the Palpa Recycling Scheme will receive a pledge upon return, and more than 90% of these packages will be returned.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

On the History of Pantillic Beverage Packaging With the 1952 Summer Olympics, Coca-Cola became beached in Finland, and a return system for glass drinking bottles was created in the country.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

From it began the development of panty beverage packagesal.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

In the 1980s, a new pledge, refillable plastic bottle, now also called eco bottle, managed by the Ekobottlesassociation association, as well as refillable glass bottles, came into the beverage packaging system.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

The cans entered the Palpa pledge system district in 1996 and recycled plastic bottles in 2008.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

Recycled glass bottles were incorporated as part of Palpa's recycling scheme in 2012.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

[1] They had previously been part of Alko's own recycling scheme.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

Palpa's pledge system Palpa's pledge system is very comprehensive: it includes most of the bottles and cans of soft drinks, water, mineral water, beer, cider, tentacles and sports drinks sold in Finland.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

With the advent of the recycled plastic bottle, pantillis have also become spring water, mead, iced tea and, as a newest arrival, wine.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

Among Alko's products, many plastic bottles of “flashmatti” size also have a pledge.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

Pantilled recycled plastic bottles can be identified by the pledge marking.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

Plastic beverage packaging from the Lidl store chain has its own recycling system in Lidl stores, Lidl glass bottles and cans are now part of the PALPA system.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

Palpa's recycling scheme can be associated with companies that manufacture beverages in Finland or import beverages to Finland.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

Palpa checks new drink packs, tests and reviews them, and decides which ones it will accept into the system.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

Palpa must also accept any changes made to the packaging.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

[2] On the basis of current life cycle studies, different beverage packaging options cannot be unequivocally ranked; the bottom line is that panty drink packs are returned regardless of whether it is a bottle or a can.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

Glass Bottle Refillable glass bottles have been part of the pledge system since 1951.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

The return rate for glass bottles in 2013 was almost one hundred percent.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

[1] When returned, the bottle must be empty and intact, as the vending machine recognizes panticity from the shape of the bottle.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

After restoration, the glass bottles are transported back to the brewery, where they are washed and refilled.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

One glass bottle rotates an average of 33 times.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

After that, the glass is crushed and the glass mass is renewed.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

Can Cans have been part of the pledge system since 1996.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

[1] In cans circulate the raw material, aluminum.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

The recalled cans will be melted down and the material will be made into new beverage cans.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

One can rotate forever, because as raw material aluminum does not wear out and does not decompose.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

In addition, recycling aluminium is very profitable, as manufacturing a can for reuse takes only 5% of the energy from the first manufacturing process: in practice, for example, with the energy saved from recycling one aluminium can, for example, can burn a light bulb for four hours.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

The return rate of cans in 2013 was 95% [1] and the can has gained popularity as a beverage packaging due to its lightness and durability.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

When returned, the can must be intact, as the vending machine recognizes panticality from the barcode.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

Even liable cans can be returned to return machines, as Palpa also recycles the lidless cans.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

In 2009, a total of 899 million beverage cans were filled in Finland, and 936 million cans were recycled.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

In the 1990s and 2000s, aluminium beverage cans were imported into Finland from countries such as Poland, Sweden, Germany and Britain, until in 2013 manufacturing started in Finland at the multinational Rexam's plant in Mäntsälä and the Polish-owned Can-Pack plant in Hämeenlinna.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

[3] Recycled plastic bottle Recycled plastic bottles have been part of the pledge scheme since 2008.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

[1] Recycled plastic bottles are polyethylene terephthalate.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

Recovered bottles are roughed and various finished products can be made from the processed material.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

In addition to new bottles, colourless bottles are made into raincoats.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

Colored, on the other hand, end up as fleece blouses, ties, backpacks, bags, running shoes and the raw material for eco-friendly phone models.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

During 2010, more than 15000 tonnes of panty recycled plastic bottles were returned.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

In 2013, the recall rate for recycled plastic bottles was 92per cent.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

[1] Pantin can only be obtained from intact bottles with a label and undamaged.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

The vending machine recognizes the label of panticality from the barcode.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

Empty plastic bottles will be returned in corks to make the caps available for recycling as well.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

Recycled glass bottle Recycled glass bottles were incorporated as part of Palpa's recycling system in 2012.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

[1] Previously, recycled glass bottles were part of the recycling system managed by Alko.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

The reform will allow recycled glass bottles to be returned to the same vending machine as other panty beverage packages managed by Palpa.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

The pledge is obtained from recycled glass bottles that are part of the recycling system, which are intact, empty and have an undamaged label when returned.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

Pantiality can be identified by Alko's shelf marking and purchase receipt information.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

Not all panty glass bottles may have a pledge mark.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

Recycled glass bottles should be returned with corks so that the corks can also be recycled.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

Either new glass bottles or foam glass are made from recycled glass, which is used in frost insulators, ingots or aerated concrete.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

Recycled glass is energy efficient: each tonne of recycled glass consumes about 30 per cent less energy than manufacturing it from virgin raw materials.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

Pledges When a consumer buys a drink whose packaging is part of Palpa's recycling system, he pays a pledge for the package.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

Upon returning the empty drink pack to the store's return car, he receives a receipt for the cashier to repay the pledge to the consumer.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

The size of the pledge depends on the drink package.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

Administration Palpa is a limited liability company based in Helsinki.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

[4] [5] The CEO of the company is Pasi Nurminen.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

[6] The company's main business is recycling of sorted materials notified to the Tax Administration.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

[7] Palpa is owned by seven breweries and commercial companies: Hartwall, Olvi, Sinebrychoff, Alko, Inex Partners, Kesko Food and Tuko Logistics.


Question: When is Palpa founded?

Palpa

[4] [8] Sources Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) References elsewhere Category:Recycling Category:Finnish companies Category:Waste management in Finland


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

Theba or Teeba (), sometimes Ogygion (), was a Mycenaean period city and ancient city-state (polis) in Greece.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

The city was one of the most prominent centers of Bronze Age Greece.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

In antiquity, it was a major city-state, at the height of its power especially in the 3rd century BCE.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

Thebes was located on the site of the present city of Thíva, which has inherited its name.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] Mythology Thebes involves a rich mythology, which is among the most extensive fables associated with Greek cities.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

In Greek mythology, Thebes was founded by Kadmos after receiving an admonition for this from the oracle of Delphi.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

Kadmos was the son of Agenor and arrived from Phoenicia in search of Europe.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

After slaying at the spot of the dragon he sowed Athena's advice with her teeth on the ground.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

From this arose the soldiers who became the first inhabitants of the city.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

The myth may be related to the eastern origins of the region.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

According to Herodotus, Kadmos brought Phoenician letters to Greece, which evolved into the Greek alphabet.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

[3] [4] The city was ruled by the kings of Thebes until the Trojan War.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

In myths, Thebes was the birthplace of Dionysus, for his mother was Semele, daughter of Cadmos.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

In Thebes, the hero Heracles was also born.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

The fables of Niobe and Pentheus are also set in the town.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

The journeymen who took the road to Thebes were persecuted by the Sphinx, who had arrived in the city, defeated by answering his riddle correctly.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

The story of Oedipus and this genus is among the most central myths associated with Thebes.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

Oedipus unwittingly slew his father, the king of Thebes, and ended up king himself after marrying his mother.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

Later, his sons Polyneikes and Eteocles ended up at war with each other, with Eteocles acting as King of Thebes and Polyneike gathering a large Argosian army to besiege the city.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

The narrative is known as the Seven Against Thebes.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

Later, the imprints of the besiegers, the Epigons, took over the city.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

The narratives possibly describe phases in the region at the end of the Mycenaean period.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

[2] [4] [6] History Mycenaean period Thebes was a major city already in the Mycenaean period, as can be inferred from rich mythology.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

The place has been inhabited no later than about 3000 BCE.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

The Acropolis of Thebes, or castle mountain Kadmeia, takes its name from Kadmos, as does the Kadmeion Royal Palace located in the city.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

The earliest building finds in the area are from the 21st century BCE.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

Significant artifact discoveries have also been made from that period, on the basis of which the town has had trade links with, among others, Cycladic culture and the Minoan culture of Crete.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

[2] [3] [4] The palace of Kadmeion, located on Castle Mountain, is dated to the 15th century BCE.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

The city's Bronze Age heyday was the 14th century BCE.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

The fortifications are referred to in Homer's Iliah.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

The palace was abandoned in the 13th century BCE.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

as a result of fires and possibly an earthquake.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

[3] [4] Antiquity During Antiquity, Thebes was the most prominent city in Boiotia and developed into one of the most significant city-states of Greece.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

The Theban regime was initially oligarchic.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

The city placed itself at the head of the Union of Boiotian Cities at the end of the Geometric Period and tried to bring other cities in the region under its rule


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

Therefore, it was often in wars with Orkhomenos, Plataiai and Thespiai.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

The struggle for the supremacy of Plataiai resulted in the 5th century BCE.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

to war with Athens as well.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

[2] [3] [4] Plataiai received assistance from Athens, as the city was located in a strategically important location and through it was easily able to attack Athenian controlled Attica.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

At the time of the Persian Wars in 480 BC.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

the city allied itself with Persia after Sparta had lost the Battle of Thermopylai.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

The Thebans fought on the side of the Persians at the Battle of Plataia in 479 BCE.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

After the war, Sparta and Athens stripped Thebes of its right to run the Boiotian cities.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

Athens defeated the city at the Battle of Oinophyta in 457 BC.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

[3] [4] [6] in the 4th century BCE.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

in the city was influenced, among others, by the well-known poet Pindaros.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

In 457 BC.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

Sparta and Athens drifted into war.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

In this Peloponnesian war, Thebes warred on the Spartan side against Athens.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

The Athenians took Boiotia.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

Thebes established a new Boiotian alliance and tried in 431 BCE.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

I still had to take Plataiain, but the attempt failed.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

Eventually, the Spartans helped the Thebans in taking the city in 427 BCE.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

Thebes also annexed Thespiai to itself in 423 BCE.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

When the Peloponnesian War ended in 404 BCE, the Thebans wanted to destroy their heir enemy Athens, but to this the Spartans did not agree.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

Later, with increasing Spartan power, Thebes allied itself in 395 BCE.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

for a short time against it, along with Athens, Argos and Corinth.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

The Corinthian War between the Union and Sparta ended with no clear winner.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

However, the city was defeated by Sparta at the Battle of Coroneia in 394 BCE.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

In 382 BC.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

The Spartans took over the fortress of Thebes, but the Thebans expelled the Spartans from their city three years later.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

At the same time, the Democrats gained power in Thebes.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

Subsequently, Thebes became for about the years 378—362 BCE.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

the whole of Greece's most significant city-state.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

This period is called Theban hegemony.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

The position was influenced above all by the war successes of prominent Theban statesmen and soldiers to Epameidonda and Pelopida.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

At the same time, the holy force of Thebes, a peculiar elite military unit consisting of male lover pairs, also operated.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

Among other things, it defeated Sparta at the Battle of Tegyra in 375 BCE.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

as well as at the Battle of Leuktra in 371 BC.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

After Sparta was defeated, Thebes was establishing a city in Megalopolis as the new power centre of the Peloponnese.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

[2] [3] [4] Thebes regressed again to Pelopida after being killed at the Battle of Kynoscephalai in 364 BCE.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

and Epameinonda after his death at the Battle of Mantineia in 362 BCE.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

In 356 BC.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

began the so-called Third Holy War between Thebes and the nearby province of Fokii.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

Around the year 353 BC.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

The Thebans appealed to Philip II, King of Macedonia, for their assistance.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

Filippos took advantage of the situation by expanding his empire.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

In 338 BC.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

Thebes allied with Athens against Macedonia.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

Filippos defeated the Athenian and Theban forces at the Battle of Khaironeia and forced all Greek city-states, with the exception of Sparta, into the so-called Union of Corinth.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

The holy force of Thebes had been invincible up to that point.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

[3] [4] [6] When Filippos died, Thebes attempted to rebel against Alexander the Great in 335 BCE.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

Alexander's forces took Thebes and it was almost completely eradicated.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

Alexander spared only the temples, as well as the House of Pindaros, as he had praised Alexander I.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

The city was rebuilt by Kassandros in 316 BCE, but after this it no longer became an important city throughout antiquity.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

[3] [4] Thebes were invaded by the Romans in 173 BCE.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

Licinius.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

In 146 BC.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

Mummius destroyed the city in retaliation for the rebellion.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

The city was again rebuilt to at least some extent, but was again destroyed by Sulla.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

[3] [4] Pausanias visited the declining city in the 10th century share.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

In Late Antiquity, however, the town had silk industries, among other things.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

In the early Christian period, the town served as an episcopal seat.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

Upon entering the Byzantine period, however, there were only relatively few inhabitants on the site.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

[2] [7] Later, the present town of Thíva developed on the site.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

Archaeological excavations at Thebes have been carried out by the Archaeological Society of Athens.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

[8] Buildings and Finds Since Thebes was frequently destroyed during its history, there are relatively few relics of antiquity on the territory of the city.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

The centre of the present town is built on top of the upper town Kadmeia.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

The Agíoi Theódoroi neighbourhood to the north-east of the centre and the Pyrí borough to the northwest are located on the lower town site.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

Because of this, relatively few excavations may have been carried out in the area.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

Archaeological finds made from the city are in the Archaeological Museum of Thíva.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

[3] The Upper Town Acropolis of Thebes, or castle mountain Kadmeia, was located on a hill which is part of the hill line running from Tanagra to Mount Helikon, and lies on the edge of a wide plain.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

The hill is about 700 metres long and 400 metres wide.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

[3] The centre of the fortress was Kadmeio, or the Mycenaean “Palace of Kadmos”.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

Partial excavations have been carried out on its site in the early 20th century.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

Remains from the 15th century BCE have been found in them.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

[3] The palace had at least two floors and was decorated with murals.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

The building had aqueducts and sewerage.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

Like the Mycenaean palaces, its connection has included various commercial and workshop spaces.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

Clay boards containing linear B inscription have also been found in the ruins.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

[4] The archaeological site of the palace is located in the centre of the present city on Pindárou Street.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

[9] In antiquity, Kadmeia had, in addition to the site of the old palace, a shrine dedicated to Dionysus, among other things.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

The Upper Town was also located, among other things, the house of the poet Pindaros.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

The Kadmeian Wall had seven gates: Borrheai in the north, Proitides and Homoloides in the east, Elektra and Onka in the south, and Kreneai and Neistai in the west.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

The Elektra gate had two circular ones in the 3rd century BCE.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

built tower.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

Another wall encircled the entire city including Kadmeia.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

[3] Lower Town and Temples The lower town was located north and east of Kadmeia.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

The agora, or trading post, was probably located to the east of Castle Mountain.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

Near it were located the temple of Artemis Eucleia, the heroon of Alkmaion, as well as the grave pyres of seven Argosian warlords.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

[3] To the north of Kadmeia was the tomb of Amphion and Zethos, topped by an Egyptian-style pyramid.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

A large Mycenaean age chamber tomb, decorated with murals, has been found on the present Kastéll hill.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

To the northeast of Kadmeia were possibly located the temenos of Iolaos, which included a heroon, gymnasion, and stadium; as well as the hippodrome, the tomb of Pindaros, and the shrine of Poseidon Hippodromios.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

A theatre built by Sulla was possibly also located in the area.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

[3] To the south-east of Kadmeia was the temple of Hismenios of Apollo, where an oracle functioned.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

The original temple was from the 8th or 7th century BCE.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

and was replaced by a Doorese temple in the 5th century BCE.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

and later on another Doorese temple in the 3rd century BCE.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

The latter had a size of approximately 22.8 x 46.25 metres and had 6 x 12 columns.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

[3] The ruins of the temple can be seen in the park today.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

[10] The Temple of Heracles was located south of Kadmeia.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

Near it were the stadium and gymnasion, on which the Herakleia celebrations were celebrated in honour of Heracles.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

To the south-west of Kadmeia was possibly located the Temple of Athene Onka, parts of which have been used in the Holy Trinity Chapel present on the site.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

No discoveries have been made on the west side of the town.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

[3] Other Shrines Outside the city had numerous shrines.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

Kabeirion, a shrine to the cabirs, was located about five miles west of Thebes.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

Excavations have been carried out on its territory, with found, among other things, in the 3rd century BCE.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

the remains of a temple built on the site of an earlier shrine.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

The size of the temple was approximately 7 x 23 feet.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

Also connected to the sanctuary area was a theatre building of the Hellenistic-Roman period.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

On the side of the road leading to the sanctuary, the shrine of Heracles Hippodete was located, and possibly also the shrine of Demeter Kabeiraia and Kore.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

[3] The shrine of the amphiareion was located south of the city's Onka Gate.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

There also operated an oracle.


Question: Where was Thebes located?

Thebes (Greece)

[3] Sources on the topic elsewhere *


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Geisha (; in Finnish also geiša, pronounced /ˈgeiṣa/) is a Japanese female entertainer, a kind of PR hostess and artist whose job is to make guests feel comfortable.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

A modern geisha can be understood as a hostess who entertains guests in an ochaya, that is, in a tea house with various art performances, plays party games or just chats and serves tea.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Contrary to the common delusion, the profession of geisha does not in any way include sex with clients.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

The word geisha means “multi-talented person” [1], meaning artist or connoisseur of the arts.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

In Kyoto, geisha is referred to in Kansai dialect as geikoksi () as a distinction from onsen geishasta ('spa geisha'), which nuances more to prostitute.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

The geisha trainee is referred to as maiko ().


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

They have been popular subjects of images and so their look has shaped the public perception of geisha.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Geishas wear traditional kimonos when they work and often also during their leisure.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

The work outfit also follows a precise pattern in terms of hairstyle, its decoration, accessories and compliments.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Especially for evening events, the faces of younger geishas are laid out on a traditional white background.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Older geishas wear heavy makeup only in special situations.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Genesis of tradition It is believed that around the 10th century, two exalted women developed a new dance to entertain the fighters, the shōguns.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

The dance was not meant to be particularly charming and feminine, but to tell of the struggles and bravery of the shōgunes.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

To embody the warriors' costumes, the dancers donned white robes.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

The dancers wore high hats and long white robes, along with a sword attached to their waists.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Such an outfit also epitomised policymakers whose hallmark was a freshly tapered hat.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Later, the hat became black and the robes became a red skirt.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Since then, both the hat and the sword disappeared from the dance outfit.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

According to another theory, geishas were originally men who entertained prostitutes in the 17th century and their clients at parties.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

These men were referred to by the designations geisha (artist), taikomochi (drum sword), and hōkan (Lynx, jokester).


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

They performed music and told me hilarious stuff.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Over time, women entered the industry.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

[2] The Geisha Institution has its roots in the common cultural base of Chinese, Japanese and Korean cultures.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

When the purpose of marriage in Chinese society was primarily the continuation of the lineage, not happiness or love, gentle was sought from “slugger women”.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Unlike prostitutes, submitter maidens were trained in prestigious fields of art such as poetry, music, or the art of painting.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

The only way these maidens gained popularity was by skillful cooking.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

This culture migrated to Korea, where a professional entertainer corps “gisaengs” was formed.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

They too were familiar with the arts, but knew current affairs in addition to them and knew how to maintain a spirited conversation.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

[3] [1] The first geishas in Japan were men.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

The first definite records of female geishas are from Kyoto from 1751 and from Edo from 1762.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

[1] [2] [3] Women entering the field were given the name “onna geisha” (female geisha) as a distinction from men, and as the field gradually became female-dominated, male geishas began to be referred to as “otoko geisha”.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

[1] [2] In the 19th century, the word geisha already meant female geisha by default.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

[2] Geishas were popular and important during the adolescence of Japanese culture.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Famous for their skills, geishas began to entertain the customers of tea houses and thus left their mark on Japanese culture.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

In the 18th century, geishas came to operate in assigned amusement quarters, but they were also operated outside the designated territory as independent.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

[3] [1] Many other settings also applied to geishas: they were allowed to entertain their customers by singing, playing and dancing, but not by means that would have put them at a competitive disadvantage with “other entertainers”.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

The glorious attire of geishas was also restricted by statutes.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

[1] In the early 1780s, the Japanese were bitter towards the Geishas for not having to pay taxes on their income.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

At the same time, the profession of geishas and related codes of conduct became established in their current form.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Education To become a geisha, a girl must either be the daughter of an older geisha or be accepted into an okiya.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Back in the day, geisha education was most easily accessed by pretty little girls who were either orphans or whose parents were so poor they have to sell their children to a tea house.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

In the latter case, some kinship with the geisha community was usually required.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

The tea rooms invested a lot of money in the education of girls and especially the kimonos of these.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Kimonos, especially in modern times, cost large sums and geisha need many of them; for example, every season several different.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

There is also a lot of money spent on small details such as tabi socks: geishas could not imagine appearing in any of the slightest outfits.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Okiya's okasan, or “mother,” is the head of the house and patron of its geishas and maikos.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Taking a new girl into his house, he makes an investment.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

He sends the new aspirants to a special geisha school and instructs them so that in time they make a profit for the teahouse by getting customers to enjoy themselves well.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Traditional training in geisha includes Japanese dancing, singing uta, playing instruments (shamisen, taiko, and tsuzumi), dressing in kimono (kitsuke), and conversational skills and ways of serving alcohol.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

In addition to these, excellent behaviours, general education in history, literature and music, and knowledge of world events are needed to enable him to perform and discuss a number of topics expertly.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Some geishas, in addition to the previous ones, study flower layout (


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

[3] Geishas often continue to study throughout their careers in pursuit of perfection and beauty in all their activities.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Geisha culture also preserves and maintains such art forms that are gradually disappearing in Japan.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

The education of geishas is quite high in the traditional arts, but some geishas also hoped for better 'normal' education, such as foreign languages or mathematics.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

The goal of training is as perfect as possible the ideal image of a woman, in the company of whom you can spend a comfortable evening.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Appearance and its symbolism Already the appearance of geishas is art.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Its symbolic meanings and precise rules are complex, and the Japanese cannot always interpret them all, let alone a tourist.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

It is easy for a stranger to confuse geishas, maii and so-called henshin maii (tourists dressed as maiko for a fee) with each other.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

The person familiar with the matter, on the other hand, can deduce a lot from the appearance of the geisha.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Especially important in the appearance of geishas is the symbolism of red color.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

There is an expression in Japanese that verbially translates to “red touch”, but means one woman in a male entourage.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

The phrase is used as a friendly, polite concept about women, especially geishas.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

The use of red color in costumes and makeup is very prominent in Japanese culture.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Red symbolizes beauty, happiness and eroticism as a color.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

The lowest red garments of a multi-piece kimono are thought to be associated with a woman's fertility, menstruation, virginity and good health.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

The geishas wear a crimson garment underneath their kimono.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

They also use bright red lipstick made from thistle extract and red blush.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Many forms of kimono In the past, when most customers of geishas were shōgune, geishas outfits were also very warrior-like with large headdresses and decorative knives.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

As the culture changed, the costumes of geishas also changed and they began to wear traditional kimonos.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Donning a kimono is a very slow and skill-intensive delivery.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Geisha needs help when dressing, as large fabrics are difficult to handle on their own.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

The dressers are traditionally the only men who have the right to enter the okiya (though there are some female costumers).


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Different pillows are also kept under the suit to get the maximum uniform thickness impression.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Feminine forms are therefore not emphasised as is customary in Western culture, but femininity appears in many symbolic ways, such as a branching triangle left in the skin colour of the neck.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

The width, length and coloring of the obi depend on the value of its bearer and the solemnity of the occasion.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

The finest obes are long and wide.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Obit is made of highly decorative silk fabric.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

The obi of geishas are most often tied to a “drum knot” (taiko musubi), which is very modest compared to the darari obi model of maiko.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

All maika have an obi hanging almost to the ground, covering almost the entire back.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Often a kind of decorative buckle, an obidome, is attached to the obijime cord tied around the obijime.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Obidome belongs to the everyday outfit of young maiko.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Spring kimonos have a bright red lining that is absent in kimonos of other seasons.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Summer kimonos are typically brightly colored, lighter and embroidered.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

In summer, lined kimonos are not used because of their heat, but in autumn they are needed again to protect against the wind.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

In winter, a geisha can be seen wearing a hand-painted, silky ¾-length overcoat.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Maiko's kimono is considerably more colourful and large textured than a geisha's.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

The long, flaming sleeves (furisode) of a kimono are the mark of a young unmarried woman and therefore the sleeves of the maiko kimono are long.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

The symbolism of furisode sleeves is emphasized in special dancing, and many dance movements are based on the narrative of the story using long sleeves.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

The sleeves of the Geisha kimono are shorter.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

The undersuit collar visible from beneath Maiko's kimono is red, which is progressively changed to white as the maiko progresses in her studies.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Geiko's collar is all-white.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

When walking outside, geishas wear zōri sandals.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Inside the house, they walk barefoot or wear white, silky tabi socks with their own pocket for the big toe.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

In bad weather, geishas wear wooden, high-soled geta sandals.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Maiki wear special high, black painted okobo wooden shoes.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

The height of cheetas and okobos depends on the solemnity of the situation (and the outfit).


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Hair Appliances The hair styles of geishas changed a lot over history.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Before China's Tang dynasty, geishas kept their hair open like almost every other woman.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

By the time of the Tang dynasty it became fashionable to fasten the hair up, and around this time the traditional shimada hairstyle was born.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Shimada means pulling long hair behind in one bundle.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

It was a variant of the men's forward-folded ponytail.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Shimada is used today only by geishas, but in the Edo period it was a common hairstyle for young women.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

There are four basic types of shimada, of which three are described here: Taka shimada, the hair is held in a simple knot; this was commonly worn by young and free women.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Tsubushi shimada, the so-called flattened nuttura; intended for old women or lower-ranking younger women.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Uiwata, a nuttura commonly assembled up with a colourful ribbon (momoware or wareshinobu).


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

The hairstyle looks mainly like a split peach.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Maiko's hair styles change as he progresses to geisha, and the complex hair apparatus is accompanied by their own symbolism: Wareshinobu, a “split peach” is a hairstyle used by maikot in their first three years of maiko.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Wareshinobu traditionally has a very erotic connotation, due to the red ribbon with which the uiwata babe on top of the hairstyle is tied.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Ofuku is a haircut used by maikot in their final two maiko years.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

A fine is a haircut worn by maids two weeks before turning to a geisha.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

In the last two years of maiko, maikos have the right to wear special hair styles.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

The Katsuyama style is used during the Gion celebration in July.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Yakko-shimada is the style used by the older maiko at the time of the New Year and the Setsubun celebration, as well as on August 1 at the Hassaku celebration.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

The maikos in Kyoto's Pontochō geisha quarter have their own hair styles: Umemodoki, Oshidori no Hina, Osabune, Mizu guruma and Ikiguruma.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Maiko's spectacular hair styles are styled from her own hair, although in the present day you often have to resort to appendages.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Hair is traditionally styled with wax and comb.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Maiko goes to get her haircut done every couple of weeks.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Maiki brace her neck while sleeping in a small headrest to keep the hairstyle neat.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Before, when maiko training was started at an early age, the correct sleeping style was learned by spreading rice around the pillow, whereby, as the maiko moved into the wrong position, the rices would stick to the wax of the hairstyle.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Most geishas today wear a katsura wig.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Before, hair devices for geishas were also styled from their own hair, but today this has been abandoned for practical reasons.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Another reason to switch to wig wear is the strain on the scalp caused by constant waxing, which used to often lead to partial baldness in women who had been geishas for a long time.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

In some geisha groups and quarters, the use of other traditional hairstyles is also allowed.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

A spectacular, charming appearance is the most important thing in these hair styles.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Hairstyles are decorated with spectacular hair ornaments (kanzashi), which are made of, for example, wood, glass, silk, precious metals and tortoiseshell.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Hair decorations strictly follow various rules related to the outfit, age, event, hair style, and especially the time of year, day and month.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Hair decorations for young maids are especially spectacular, bulky and colorful.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

They are most often made of silk.


Question: What is the lesson of the fable 'emperor's new clothes'?

Geisha

Many designs are based on natural flowers.