Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

A more small-scale economic crisis occurred when Iceland's trade to Africa was interrupted due to the Biafran War.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[15] Beginning in the 1990s, Iceland's economy was heavily liberalized under Prime Minister Davíð Oddsson of the right-wing Independence Party.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

He became the longest-serving Prime Minister of Iceland from 1991 to 2004.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

While fishing remained the most significant sector of the economy, bringing in 70% of export earnings today, Icelandic financial institutions invested significantly in Britain and the Nordic countries.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

US NATO forces left the Keflavík base in September 2006.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[12] Iceland's economy collapsed in 2008.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Much of the country's banks went bankrupt or were nationalized as a result of the bursting of the economic bubble.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

For years, the country's economy had been based on oversized risk lending, economic speculation that resulted in the Icelandic state ending up close to bankrupt.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[16] In November 2008, the International Monetary Fund provided Iceland with a US$2.1 billion loan.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[12] After weeks of protests, the Icelandic government tended to resign in January 2009.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[17] In December 2009, Allting approved €3.8 billion in compensation to Britain and the Netherlands for funds lost in the collapse of Icesave.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

The reparations fell in a referendum held by President Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson in March 2010.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[18] In December 2010, a new agreement was approved whereby Iceland will replace the funds between 2016 and 2046 at an interest rate of around 3%.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[19] On January 20, 2011, the President announced that he would again veto the bill.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[20] However, Icelanders rejected the treaty again in a referendum on 9 April 2011.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[21] The conservative Independence Party (Sjálfstæðisflokkurinn) and the Centrist-Agraaric Progress Party (Framsóknarflokkurinn) governed the country since 1991.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

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In the parliamentary elections held on 10 May 2003, the ruling coalition lost four seats, but retained a majority.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

In the elections of 12 May 2007, the Independence Party gained three additional seats, but the Progress Party lost five and gained seven seats.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[22] Thereafter, the Independence Party continued its governmental cooperation with the Social Democratic Alliance.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

The government was forced to resign due to the economic crisis on 26 January 2009.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

On 1 February 2009, a new government, a minority government formed by the Social Democrats and the Left Greens, began operation.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir, Minister of Social Affairs in the previous government, was appointed Prime Minister, who became the country's first female Prime Minister and at the same time the world's first openly homosexual Prime Minister.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[23] In the April 2009 parliamentary elections, the Social Democratic Party won 29.8% of the votes cast.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

The Left Greens, allies of the Social Democrats, gained 21.7 percent.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Of the 63 seats in Parliament, parties won a total of 34 seats.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[24] On 16 July 2009, the Icelandic Parliament decided to apply for membership of the European Union.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[25] Formal negotiations began in July 2010.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[12] However, in August 2013 Iceland withdrew its EU membership negotiators from Brussels.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

EU membership would have required Iceland to open up waters to EU fishing vessels.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Iceland feared that ships would arrive from EU countries regularly exceeding its fishing quota, which would collapse Iceland's fish stocks.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[2] Politics Iceland is a parliamentary republic with a president with very little political power as the formal head of state.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[7] Guðni Thorlacius Jóhannesson was elected president in the June 2016 election.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[26] In the Icelandic Parliament, the alþing (allting or general districts) has 63 members elected for four-year terms.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[27] In the parliamentary elections of October 2016, the centre-right Independence Party (Sjálfstæðisflokkurinn) received almost 30% of the vote and 21 seats.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Its long-time governing partner, the Progress Party (Framsóknarflokkurinn), lost 11 seats, leaving it with only eight seats.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

The Pirate Party received 14.5% of the vote and ten seats.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[28] Bjarni Benediktsson's government formed after the election consisted of the Independence Party, the Progress Party and the Bright Future Party.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

On 15 September 2017, the government announced its resignation, following an uproar over a letter of recommendation from the Prime Minister's father to restore the honour of a person who abused children.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

The government remained the most short-lived in the country's history.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Early elections were held on 28 October 2017.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[29] [30] Following the election, Katrín Jakobsdóttir rose to become Prime Minister when the Green Left Party, the Independence Party and the Progress Party, led by him, agreed to form a coalition government [31].


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

The administrative division of Iceland is divided into six electoral regions.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

The new regionalisation was first used in the 2000 election.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

The purpose of the regional distribution reform was to balance the weight of votes by taking into account different population densities in different parts of the country.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[32] Previously, Iceland was divided into eight regions (landsvæði).


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

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[33] These continue to be used, inter alia, as a basis for statistics.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Icelandic region:Oprevious administrationArea (km²) [34] Number of inhabitants (1.1.2010) [34] 1.Höfuðborgarsvæðiðmetropolitan 1 062200 9072.Suðurnesniemi in south82921 3593.Vesturlandwesternie9,55415 3704.Vestfirðirwestern fjords9,4097 3697 Norðurland vestraluoteisosa12,7377 3946.Norðurland eystranorth-easters21 96828 9007.Austurlandeaspart22 72112 4598.Suðurlandeteläosa24 52623 879 Geography The Icelandic state consists of numerous minor islands and bulletins besides the main island.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

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[35] The largest of them are Heimaey (about 13 km²), Hrísey (7.52 km²) and Grímsey (4.6 km²).


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

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In addition to these, only four others are more than two square miles in size.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[36] The main island has an area of 101826 square kilometers and the entire state about 103000 square kilometers.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[37] Iceland lies on the seam between the tectonic plates of Eurasia and North America.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Because of this, Iceland has a large number of volcanoes, and a lot of earthquakes occur there as well.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

The island of Surtsey, as a result of underwater volcanic eruptions, was created south of the Vestmann Islands, southwest of Iceland, in the 1960s.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Since its inception, the island has been tranquilized so that scientists can study how plants and animals take over an entirely new area of land.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[38] Volcano Hekla last erupted in 2000.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[39] Since then, the volcano of the same name under the Eyjafjallajökull glacier also began erupting in early 2010.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

The ash cloud caused by the eruption snarled air traffic throughout Europe.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[12] Iceland has many rivers, waterfalls and, thanks to its location, also many hot springs that produce geothermal energy.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

The largest spraying hot spring in Iceland is Geyser, which has given its name to many languages meaning spraying hot spring.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Iceland also has a large number of glaciers, and about 11.5% of the land area is covered by ice.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

The largest glacier in Europe is Vatnajökull in southern Iceland.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[40] The highest mountains are over 2000 metres high, and the highest point in the country is Hvannadalshnúkur (2110 m) on the Vatnajökull glacier.


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Iceland

The coastline of the country is almost on all sides formed by many fjords and coves.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

In many places, rock walls rise steeply straight out of the sea.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Else, on the other hand, mile-long sandwiches, or somerics, fringe the seafront.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Overall, there are 4970 kilometres of coastline.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[41] Vegetation Only a quarter of Iceland's area is covered by vegetation.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Erosion is intense, and the struggle against it is an important part of nature conservation.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Iceland's numerous volcanic eruptions, sea breezes and sheep grazing have contributed to the fact that Iceland's nature is barren and desolate.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

However, numerous different plants grow in the country; several hundred wild species are known.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Mostly they are low-growing plants of Arctic regions.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

In total, 470 species of tube plants are known, of which there are 53 species of grasses.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[42] An abundance of forest is known to have grown in Iceland, but since colonisation of the island, the original forests have been almost completely felled and no new one has grown in place due to the colder climate.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

However, fell birch, rowan birch and willow bushes grow in the valleys.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Hay and hinge grassland and sparrow grooms are very common, and due to moisture, swamps have formed in some areas.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

They are mainly apases with their balsac mounds and usually grow tupaswool.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Hardy flower rots meet amid sandy wildernesses and lava fields.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Mosses and measly birches often cover old lava and an otherwise barren environment.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Icelandic lichen grows in extensive mats and has been used in shortage periods for sustenance.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

On the coasts grow in orange spots of aspen yellow lichen.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

The algae vegetation of the shore waters is lush.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Common species include brown-purple Irish moss and green kelp relative Fucus distichus.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[43] Large reforestation projects are underway in Iceland.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Afforestation is difficult, however, as almost everywhere free-grazing sheep eat the planted seedlings.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Therefore, forested areas have had to be fenced off.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

In addition, forest growth is quite slow.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Icelanders, however, are determined to reforest about five percent of low-lying lands by 2040.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Wood species used in afforestation are mainly fell birch and rowan, which grow naturally in the area.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Sitka firs have been planted in the south and west of the country since before World War II, and Siberian larch is also thriving in the drier eastern part.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[44] Fauna When Iceland was colonised, there were no other large-sized land mammals in the country except for naals.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[45] Nales are still common and regularly wreak havoc in herds of sheep.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

With man came rats and mice to the island.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Reindeer were imported from Norway, whose descendants now live free in the highlands of East Iceland.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

As a result of mink farming, escaped minks spread into the wild.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

A total of 17 species of whales and several seal species are trolling in Icelandic waters.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Whales were abundantly fished until 1986, even after which Iceland has caught bay and herring whales for scientific purposes.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Seals are hunted for their fur, especially in August and October, but hunting is allowed throughout the year.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[46] The most common domestic animals are cattle, sheep and horses.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

In addition, many other domestic animals are kept in rural areas.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

The actual fauna of Iceland consists of birds, of which at least 300 species have been found.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Seabirds, waterfowl and waders are the most common domestic bird groups.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Typical seabirds include stormbird, lapintern, ransom, northern witch, feed and mouthed.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Iceland is the main nesting area for water and seabirds in Europe.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Insect species in Iceland have been registered in about 800 copies.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Beetles and wasps are common.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Of the butterflies, only moth and night moths occur in Iceland.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Icelandic rivers occur salmon, and char, grayling and brook trout thrive in lakes and streams.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[47] Two other fish species living in Iceland's inland waters are the eel and the three-spined.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

None of these fish are actually an inland fish; they are marine fish that have only adapted to freshwater conditions.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[48] Abundant plankton in Icelandic waters provides food conditions for marine fauna.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

A total of 293 species of fish have been observed in saltwater fish.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Major deep-sea fish include cod, haddock, redfish and saithe.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Of the surface water fish, the most important are herring and woolly smelt.


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Iceland

Their prey varies from year to year.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[49] Crayfish, lobsters, scallops and Icelandic mussels are the main crustaceans and mussels.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Sea sausages and sea urchins are caught from echinoderms.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[50] Iceland has developed its own horse breed, the Icelandic horse.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Throughout its history, the horse has been of great importance to the inhabitants of the island.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

The Icelandic horse has been useful to humans for hundreds of years.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Horses belong as an important part of the Icelandic landscape and in rural areas they graze freely in large herds.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Horses are not allowed to be imported into Iceland from abroad, as Icelanders want to keep the breed clean, but they are allowed to take them away — Icelandic horses have been widely exported around the world.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[51] Climate The climate of Iceland is mild all year round thanks to the Golf Stream.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Temperatures drop to around −10°C at its lowest in the winter in southern Iceland, in northern Iceland again to around −15°C.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

The highest temperature on the warmest day in July is +21°C in the south and a maximum of +18°C in the north.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

The typical summer day temperature from early July to mid-August is around +16°C in the southern parts and a couple of degrees lower in the north.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Hellengeal almost never occurs in Iceland.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Weather is very variable throughout the year, despite certain regularities typical for different seasons.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Climate charts of Iceland (precipitation in blue, average temperature in red) Icelandic precipitation varies drastically by region.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

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South Iceland is the rainier region.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

The rainiest period there is from October to March, when about 100 millimetres of water rains in each month, up to 120 millimetres in October—November.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

The driest period is late spring, when around 60millimetres of rain falls in May—June each.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Northern Iceland is drier territory than the south.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

There, the rains are distributed in the same way as in the south, but the amounts are smaller.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

It rains around 400 in northern Iceland, while up to 1200millimetres per year in the south.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

A photograph of Iceland in January 2004.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

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Glaciers in summer.


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The clouds have been digitally removed.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

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Tourism Iceland has two sites on the UNESCO World Heritage List: Surtsey Island and Þingvellir National Park.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[52] There are two other national parks in the country: Snæfellsjökull National Park between the volcano and the glacier, and the Vatnajökull National Park, which includes, in addition to the Vatnajökull Glacier, Iceland's highest single mountain, the Snæfell, Skaftafell and the Jökulsárgljufur Gorge.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[53] Many of Iceland's main tourist attractions are natural destinations such as Gullfoss, Vatnajökull, and Haukadalur and its geysers.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Other popular destinations include the Heimaey Staff Church and the Blue Lagoon outdoor swimming hall.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Economy Fishing plays a very important role in Iceland's economic life, but the biggest source of income is tourism.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Fishing brings in 40% of export income, more than 12% of GDP and employs about five per cent of the workforce.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

However, Iceland's economy is sensitive to swings in world prices for its main export products, such as fish and fish products and aluminium.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[41] Due to differences in elevation, precipitation and volcanism, geothermal energy and hydropower are well beyond your own need.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

The country's energy independence is 60 percent.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[7] Hydropower is used specifically for aluminium production.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Iceland is a volcanic region, so geothermal energy is used a lot for heating, especially greenhouse farming.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

In September—October 2008, Iceland was mired in a major economic crisis, resulting in the state taking control of the country's three largest banks (Glitnir, Landsbanki and Kaupthing) and the country seeking and receiving emergency assistance from the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the first Western nation since 1978.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

$2.1 billion in aid was provided.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

In early 2010, both the president and the public in a referendum opposed a plan to pay the Netherlands and Britain the funds they had used to offset the losses of their own citizens in the collapse of Icelandic banks.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[12] In February 2011, the country's parliament revisited the issue and decided to reimburse the sums to the Netherlands and Britain, but the president refused to sign the law.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

It was decided to hold a further referendum on the issue.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[54] At the end of 2009, Iceland's unemployment rate was 8.2.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Inflation in 2009 was 12per cent and gross domestic product fell by 6.6per cent.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

The unemployment rate for 2012 was around six percent.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

In January 2013, Iceland won a trial at the European Free Trade Organization (EFTA) over Icesave.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

EFTA ruled in favour of Iceland that its individual citizens did not have to pay for bankers' speculations, and therefore not to compensate for losses incurred in the Netherlands and Britain.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

However, the estate of the bankrupt Landsbanki is believed to even exceed the amount claimed by Britain and the Netherlands and part of the sum has already been reimbursed.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Despite the EFTA decision, Iceland intends to continue repaying loans from the bankruptcy estate.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[41] Transport Private motoring is popular in Iceland and in 2009 had a car for every 1.6 inhabitants.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Around the country is circled by the 1339 kilometer-long ring road to Hringvegur, which was completed in 1974.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[55] In total, there are 12869 km of road and less than 4500 km of these are paved.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

The country has 99 airports, six of which are tarmac paved.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

The major airports are Keflavík, Reykjavík and Akureyri.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Air traffic is dense with respect to the population, in part because there are no motorways in Iceland and there are no railways.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

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The main ports are Grundartangi, Hafnarfjörður and Reykjavík.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[41] Population in Iceland lived in January 2017 with 338,349 inhabitants, [56] and 216,878 of them in the Greater Reykjavík area.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[57] There are 103 municipalities, 23 historical provinces (sýslur) and 14 towns (kaupstaðir) in the country.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

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The country is divided into six constituencies.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[58] At the beginning of 2018, about 67.2% of the population belonged to the Icelandic Lutheran Church.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[59] No actual surnames are in use in Iceland; the latter name is a matronymic or patronymic (for example Þor Björgólfsson, Vigdis Finnbogadóttir).


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

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[60] Therefore, Icelanders are arranged alphabetically by first name.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

It is appropriate and advisable in the country to address people by first name even in formal situations.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[27] There have been quite a lot of immigrants to Iceland recently.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

The largest groups of expatriates in Iceland are Poles (9,049), Lithuanians (1,605) and Germans (919).


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

A total of 20,957 people (6.59%) of the population have been born abroad.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Schooling is compulsory for ages 6 to 16.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[61] For older, there are voluntary secondary schools, many of which are boarding schools.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

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A priestly seminary was established in the country in 1847, a medical school in 1876 and a law school in 1908, and the three merged to become a university in 1911.


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Iceland

Other faculties were added to it later.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[62] Culture Language and literature Icelandic is spoken in Iceland, which is the closest of the Nordic languages spoken today and remained relatively unchanged until the 12th century.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

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[27] Icelandic edda and scald poems represent the most handsome medieval literature in Europe.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

The Skaldi Poetry recounted the deeds of the princes.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Poets, or scalds, performed them at courts, feasts and funerals.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

In addition to medically elaborate narrative poems, their work was to swiftly refine short poems as well.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Edda collections refer to the Poemo-Edda and the Prose Edda, which tell of old mythology.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

The Poem-Edda is a collection of old folk poems by unknown authors.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Völsungai's saga presents in prose form the content of the Poemo-Edda hero songs.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

The Prose Edda, or Edda of Snorri, is a textbook for scaldi poets compiled by Snorri Sturluson in the 13th century.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[63] Sagas form the central part of medieval narrative literature.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Sometimes also known as family sagas, Icelandic sagas tell of the genera that inhabited Iceland, their descendants, and their stages.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

The most prestigious of the family sagas are the Saga of Burned Njálli and the Saga of the Salmon Valley.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Others include the Greenlanders saga and the Wine Land saga, which tell of the colonisation of Greenland and Vinland (Newfoundland).


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

The best sagas have a great literary reputation.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Their narrative is stating, the dialogues short and impressive in their succinctness.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

The austerity and dramatic nature of the sagas have provided ingredients for Iceland's newer literature.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[63] Particularly in the 13th and 14th centuries in Iceland, endemic knight sagas and ancient sagas influenced by European knight novels were written in Iceland.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

In the 17th century, a wealth of hymn poetry was drafted in the country.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

The 19th century saw a new boom of Romantic poets, and in the 20th century came modern novels.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

The heyday culminated when Halldór Laxness was awarded the 1955 Nobel Prize in Literature.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[64] Latest Knee writers include Arnaldur Indriðason, Einar Kárason, Einar Már Guðmundsson, Hallgrímur Helgason and Þórarinn Eldjárn.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[65] Film and music Filmmaking began in Iceland as early as 1906.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

In the early stages, the country was visited mainly by Scandinavian film crews, shooting drama films in Iceland's jilty landscapes.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

The only silent drama film made with Icelandic power was completed in 1923, but many documentaries were made.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

In 1979, the Icelandic Film Foundation was established, and regular production of domestic films began.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Since the 1980s, about three films a year have been produced in the country.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Well-known Icelandic film directors include Friðrik Þór Friðriksson, whose film Children of Nature from 1991 was Oscar-nominated, and Rúnar Rúnarsson, whose short film Síðasti bærinn was nominated in 2006.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[66] The Icelandic Conservatory was founded in 1930 and the Symphony Orchestra 1950.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Iceland's most famous pop star is singer Björk.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[67] Other well-known Icelandic artists include Sigur Rós, Sólstafir, Jan Mayen, Mínus and Múm.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Silvía Night has gained fame throughout the world in the Eurovision Song Contest.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Among the composers of art music, one of the best known internationally is probably Jón Leifs.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Reykjavík hosts the annual Riff Film Festival and jazz festivals.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Located in Borgarfjörður, Reykholt hosts classical music festivals every summer.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[53] [68] [69] Food and Customs Culture According to author Halldór Laxness in Iceland “life is a salt fish”.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

At the party, smoked lamb is eaten.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[62] The traditional dairy product skyr resembles creamy curd.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

At the time of the Þorrablót feast in midwinter, “súrmatur”, or food preserved with whey, blood sausage, carted sheep heads and preserved ram's testicles are eaten, and as a special speciality leavened shark (hákarl).


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

The name of distilled liquor, or brennivine, is “black death”.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[53] A traditional Icelandic sweater with raglan sleeves and a serrated pattern on the top and sleeves is called lopapeysa.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[53] Bathing is popular and swimming education has been part of the school programme for 60 years.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Many swimming pools are heated by geothermal heat and swim in the open air even in freezing temperatures.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[70] Media There are several television channels in the country: state Sjónvarpið and a few commercial, Stöð 2 and Skjáreinn.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

The television channel and two radio channels of the state broadcaster Ríkisútvarpiði are financed by licence fees and advertising revenue.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

It has been tasked with promoting the Icelandic language and culture.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[71] The children's television series Lazy Town or Latibær has also been widely distributed abroad.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[72] Newspapers that appear daily include Morgunblaðið, Fréttablaðið and tabloid DV.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[71] The print volumes of magazines and books, relative to the number of inhabitants, are among the highest in the world.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[27] Sport The national sport of Iceland is a form of wrestling known as glima, inherited from the Middle Ages.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[73] Iceland has participated in the Olympic Games since 1908.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

It typically has a team of less than ten athletes at the Winter Olympics, but at the Summer Olympics it has also participated in team sports making the Olympic team larger.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

The country has received two bronzes (Bjarni Friðriksson 1984 for judo, Vala Flosadóttir 2000 for the impaled jump) and two silver medals (Vilhjálmur Einarsson 1956 for the triple jump and the handball team 2008).


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[74] The Icelandic handball team has won Olympic silver in 2008 as well as European Championship bronze in 2010.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[74] [75] Football is also a very popular sport in Iceland; the country has a total of 21,508 registered players and 145 clubs.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

The men's national team was ranked 22nd in the FIFA rankings as of June 2017.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[76] Eiður Guðjohnsen is the top scorer of the national team.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

The country's best achievement in football is from the 2016 European Championships, where it reached the quarterfinals.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

It was also Iceland's first appearance in a European Championship or World Cup football.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Iceland has also achieved success from strongman competitions.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Magnús Ver Magnússon and Jón Páll Sigmarsson each won the World's Strongest Man competition on four occasions.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[77] In basketball, the only NBA player in the country is Pétur Guðmundsson.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

[78] Iceland has a strong chess culture in relation to its population.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Evans, Andrew| title=Iceland| publisher = Bradt Travel Guides| year = 2008| isbn=9781841622156| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: How many sagas have been written in Iceland?

Iceland

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.| format = [Google Books] | accessdate = 29.1.2011}} References on the topic elsewhere * Category:Norwegian Sea Category:Greenland Sea Category:Key articles of screening Category:41.2 Nordic countries


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

Stand by Me — Last Summer () is an American drama film directed by Rob Reiner that premiered in 1986.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

The title of the film comes from Ben E. King's song of the same name.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

The story is based on a miniature novel by Stephen King called The Corpse ().


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

The film tells the story of children who go out to find the body of a dead boy.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

Adventure hurts all sorts of commiserations that bring friends even closer together.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

The boys share their joy and sorrow.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

The film is a growth story for four boys.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

Others appearing in the film include Corey Feldman (Teddy Duchamp) and Kiefer Sutherland (Ace Merrill), who later appeared together also in the film The Lost Boys.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

Story Protagonists The main characters of the film are four 12-year-old boys who are best friends.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

Gordie Lachance (Wil Wheaton) serves as the story's narrator.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

He is the arbiter of the group, quiet and intelligent.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

His beloved by all, intelligent, kind and popular older brother died not too long ago and his parents mourn nothing but their perfect son, with little regard for his delicate pothole.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

The film returns in flashbacks to a time where Gordie's brother is still alive.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

The brother was the only one who cared properly for Gordie, while their father considered this much inferior to his older brother.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

Chris Chambers' (River Phoenix) family background includes crime and drug use.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

He appears as a tough guy, but still has a sensitive side.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

He would like to be decent and attend school well, but he feels it is impossible due to the prejudice caused by his family.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

Chris is considered a callous little villain, when in fact he is very smart and kind-hearted.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

She and Gordie are best friends.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

Teddy Dunchamp's (Corey Feldman) childhood has been traumatic, as his father has been sent to a mental hospital due to his violence.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

Even if his father tried to kill him, Teddy won't stand with anything if his father is insulted.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

Vern Tessio (Jerry O'Connell) is a stomachy, timid and silly boy.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

He causes a lot of funny situations with his speeches and actions.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

The other boys, especially Teddy, tease him all the time, but they're still good friends.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

Plot Adult-aged Gordie sits in a car and reads a news story in the newspaper telling her lawyer Chris Chambers died in a stabbing.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

In the next moment, we return to the past where Gordie and his three best friends, Chris, Teddy and Vern are 12 years old and live in a small locality.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

Three days before the events begin, a classmate of the boys has disappeared in the woods.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

Vern, who was in search of his money, accidentally overhears when his brother talks to his buddy about the body of this little boy they saw in the woods.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

Gordie, Chris, Teddy, and Vern decide to leave to find the body and come back as heroes.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

During the trip, each boy's family problems are addressed in flashbacks and conversations.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

They laugh, cry and argue as they walk the long road towards the missing boy's body.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

Boys fear their roads will break up in the fall, when middle school begins.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

The kind-reputed, son of a good family, Gordie gets taken for granted into the higher courses, but Chris of the notorious family believes his future is bleak as well as he and Gordie having to be separated in middle school.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

After a lengthy search, the boys finally find the body and plan to carry it home until the locality's most feared juvenile delinquent Ace (Kiefer Sutherland) and his gangs arrive on the scene.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

They have exactly the same plans as boys with respect to the body.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

In the confrontation, Ace is just about to kill Chris with his stab when Gordie steps up with Chris' father's pistol in his hand.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

Ace and his gangs leave, but vow to take revenge on the boys.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

Eventually, the boys decide to leave the body in the woods and make an anonymous tip call to the police.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

They want to be heroes, but they realize that this is not the way they want to end up.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

At the end, we return to the present again.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

Going to middle school, Gordie and Chris were less and less with Vern and Teddy.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

Immediately after leaving schools, Vern married and is now the father of four children.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

Teddy, on the other hand, tried several times to enter the army, but due to his poor eyesight and hearing, he was unable to get there.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

He's been in prison and he's doing some goofy jobs now.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

Gordie went to his school and is now a writer.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

He also has two sons.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

Chris went to higher classes with Gordie despite people's prejudices and graduated as a lawyer.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

Witnessing a fight between two men outside a restaurant, he tried to calm the situation but was stabbed and died instantly.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

At the end, Gordie is writing a story on his computer about their last four summers and states that he never again made the kind of friends he had when he was 12 years old.


Question: What miniature novel is Stand by Me — the Last Summer film based on?

Stand by Me — Last Summer

Category:American films Category:Films of 1986 Category:Drama films Category:Road moviet Category:Films based on the works of Stephen King Category:Films directed by Rob Reiner Category:Youth films Category:Films by Columbia Pictures Category:Key to screening Articles


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

Aki Pekka Antero Sirkesalo () [1] [2] was a Finnish musician and music journalist.


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

He released five studio albums as well as one compilation during his career, and his records have sold over 100,000 copies.


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

For the last years of his life, Sirkesalo lived with his family in Klaukkala, Nurmijärvi.


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

Biographer Aki Sirkesalo started a musical hobby in the parish's wind band and choir at the age of 10 and continued in the VPK horn playing corps.


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

Since then, trumpet playing switched to guitar and music to rock.


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

The first actual accomplishment was a demo of the band U-Wood playing on Rockradio.


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

In 1984, Aki Sirkesalo made it to the final of the Finnish Championship in Rock with her band Naamiot.


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

The band broke up shortly after the Games.


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

The same year also saw the beginning of her presenter career on Rockradio.


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

Founded in 1986 with Raine Salo in Sirkesalo, Giddyups made two records and a tour to the Soviet Union in 1989.


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

With Veeti Kallio, Sami Saari and Sasu Moilanen, Aki Sirkesalo continued in the band Veeti & The Velvets at the turn of the decade.


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

Sirkesalo wrote almost all the songs on Mami's album Circles released in 1996, [3] and they performed at gigs with the accompaniment of the same backing band.


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

[4] Solo career Aki Sirkesalo started his solo career at the turn of 1992 and 1993.


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

Their first success was the single “Sweaty Afternoon” in April 1994 and “Mustankipee”, released in the fall.


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

Released early the following year, “The She-Devil” also played on radio stations and the first born album released in January, Peace of Mind rose to the top ten, surpassing the gold record mark in the fall and eventually selling over 40000 copies.


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

In 1996, Aki Sirkesalo received the Emma Awards as Male Newcomer of the Year and for Record of the Year.


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

In the fall, the second disc Time appeared.


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

Hits on the album included “Where the Concrete Grows”, “Sexual Harassment”, and “Hurry”.


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

In 1996—97 he also pulled the music programme Groovymeisseli on YLE's TV1 together with Sami Saari.


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

The third album Cat Life appeared in September 1998.


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

Hits included “Red-Haired,” a version of Van Morrison's “Brown Eyed Girl” and “Catwoman.”


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

Also, Cat Life sold gold.


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

Before the third album, Sirkesalo had married and had a child.


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

The hit of 2000 was “Helena”.


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

Prior to the release of the new album, Angels Are Them, in February 2001, a single of the same name was released.


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

Angels whether they reached fifth place on the official Finnish list.


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

Singles taken from the album included “Senat saisi”, “Tule mun luo”, “Talisman” and “Guitar”.


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

Aki Sirkesalo's compilation release Most Wanted was released in October 2002.


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

In addition to the hit singles, the songs “Almost Happy” and “Behind the Toijala” were on the disc.


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

In early 2003, Aki Sirkesalo released the single “Mysteriet” with Lisa Nilsson.


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

In 2004, Aki Sirkesalo pulled a programme on YLE's TV1 with Poppi aboard.


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

At the gigs, Sirkesalo's band was Lemmen Giantiset, whose last line-up was: Harri Ala-Kojola (drums) Jukkis Kiviniemi (bass guitar) Hannu Pikkarainen (guitar) Antti Ikola (keyboards) Timo Lassy (saxophone) Others who played in Lemmen Giantiste's live lineup Musicians: Samuli Kosminen (percussion), Jukka “Tonttu” Tuovinen (saxophone), Jukka Hakoköngäs (keyboards), J-P Virtanen (keyboards), Karl Sinkkonen (keyboards), Jukka Tiirikainen (trumpet), Kalle Torniainen (drums), Abdin Sefa (percussion), Timo Kämäräinen ( guitar), Anssi Växby (bass guitar).


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

Juha Verona (bass guitar) and Sami Saari (guitar, backing vocals).


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

In 2004, Sirkesalo transferred from Sony to EMI and released her new single “Mullonkäväsua” in September.


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

With the consent of the relatives, the record label released the last remaining record of Word Man according to original plans on February 23, 2005.


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

Sirkesalo had had time to complete the album before embarking on his last missed journey.


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

The album immediately rose to number one on the charts and quickly sold platinum.


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

Proceeds from the album have been announced by the label that it will donate to the Plan Suomi Foundation.


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

On Tapaninday 2005, the album “Aki Sirkesalo's Musiikia: Peace of Mind” was released, which was recorded during a concert held at the Helsinki Cultural Hall on 15 September 2005.


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

The Lemmen Giant band performed Aki Sirkesalo's music throughout the career with soloists Esa Kaartamo, Jussu Pöyhönen, Maarit Hurmerinta, Sami Saari, Antti Matikainen, Petra Gargano, Niko Ahvonen, Maija Vilkkumaa, Jiri Nikkinen and Judge Nurmio.


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

Sirkesalo's death, 42-year-old Sirkesalo was reported missing with his wife and two children in the tsunami caused by the 2004 Tapan-Day Indian Ocean earthquake in Thailand.


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

He was in Khao Lak for a holiday trip.


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

The bodies of Sirkesalo, his wife and their children were found and identified, after which they were transported to Finland to be buried.


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

Sirkesalo and his family are buried in Aka Toijala Cemetery.


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

In summer 2016, the city of Akaa named four roads in its area honoring Sirkesalo's career; Sirkesalontie, Akinkuja, Levytie and Musakuja.


Question: What is the first recorded tsunami?

Aki Sirkesalo

[5] Discography Studio Albums Compilation albums Filmografia Junikkokirja, 1967 - Vulikotka (sound) (Finnish version from 1993) Mari 17, 1990 - Mari's Boyfriend Viisasten kivi, 1996 - Korjaamo's son Junakkokirja 2, 2003 - Vulikotka (voice) Sources References on the topic elsewhere Category:Finnish rock singers Category:Finnish music singers Category:Finnish composers Category:Finnish lyricists Category:Finnish arrangers Category:Emma Prize winners Category:Born in 1962 Category:Persons who died in 2004 Class:Finnish guitarists


Question: Who were Taavetti Latainen's parents?

Kullervo Sippola

Ahto Kullervo Kaj Sippola (31 October 1914 — 13 June 1944, Siiranmäki, Kivennapa) was a Finnish soldier and Knight number 86 of the Mannerheim Cross.


Question: Who were Taavetti Latainen's parents?

Kullervo Sippola

He was awarded the Mannerheim Cross on 31 August 1942.


Question: Who were Taavetti Latainen's parents?

Kullervo Sippola

In military value, he was an ensign.


Question: Who were Taavetti Latainen's parents?

Kullervo Sippola

Sippola was the leader of Platoon I of the 14th Company of Infantry Regiment 28, or Regimental Cannon Company (Anti-Tank Company).


Question: Who were Taavetti Latainen's parents?

Kullervo Sippola

The company had as its armament e.g.


Question: Who were Taavetti Latainen's parents?

Kullervo Sippola

37 mm anti-tank guns and 20 mm pst rifles, or elephant guns, as well as Russian 45 mm pst guns (“whip cannon”) later obtained as spoils of war.


Question: Who were Taavetti Latainen's parents?

Kullervo Sippola

According to the War Historical Periodical (No 24), Sippola was also one of four developers of the “Molotov cocktail”.


Question: Who were Taavetti Latainen's parents?

Kullervo Sippola

[1] Mannerheim Cross In late summer 1941 Sippola excelled in the battles of Akkaharjun—Mikrilä at the village of Tyrjä (Parikkala), personally destroying e.g.


Question: Who were Taavetti Latainen's parents?

Kullervo Sippola

four enemy tanks, several trucks and blockbuilt machine gun colonies.


Question: Who were Taavetti Latainen's parents?

Kullervo Sippola

[2] The commander of JR 28 made a motion to award the Mannerheim Cross, but when nothing was heard, the regiment made another reward presentation after the battles in Tyrja, advocated by General Taavetti Laatikainen, commander of the army corps.


Question: Who were Taavetti Latainen's parents?

Kullervo Sippola

On 9 September 1941, the commander of JR 28 presented Sippola with the Mannerheim Cross after his destruction in the battles of Akkaharjun—Mikrilä with six tanks and six covered machine gun colonies on 2—7.


Question: Who were Taavetti Latainen's parents?

Kullervo Sippola

on August 1941.


Question: Who were Taavetti Latainen's parents?

Kullervo Sippola

The show went to headquarters but was frozen for nearly a year.


Question: Who were Taavetti Latainen's parents?

Kullervo Sippola

[3] Sippola received the Mannerheim Cross on 15 September 1942 in Mikkeli, in the courtyard of the headquarters, by the hand of Marshal Mannerheim.


Question: Who were Taavetti Latainen's parents?

Kullervo Sippola

He was promoted the next day to lieutenant.


Question: Who were Taavetti Latainen's parents?

Kullervo Sippola

Sippola fell on 13 June 1944 in the Battle of Siiranmäki.


Question: Who were Taavetti Latainen's parents?

Kullervo Sippola

He was buried initially in Luumäki and finally on 19 August in the hero tomb of Hietaniemi Cemetery in Helsinki.


Question: Who were Taavetti Latainen's parents?

Kullervo Sippola

Muta Kullervo Sippola's grandfather was Matti Sippola, founder of the Finnish Youth Club Movement.


Question: Who were Taavetti Latainen's parents?

Kullervo Sippola

His three uncles Aarne, Urho, and Lively Sippola were icemen.


Question: Who were Taavetti Latainen's parents?

Kullervo Sippola

Literature Jermo, Aake: “Siiranmäki mies”, Otava, Keuruu 1977, 2nd edition Virkkunen, Veli: “Vuoksen winners”, WSOY Juva 1985, ISBN 951-0-13283-7 Iisalo, Pentti: “Ritarivänrikit”, Lahti War Veteran Circle Brothertuki 2002, ISBN 978-9-52914717-5 Palmunmunk En, Rainer (ed.


Question: Who were Taavetti Latainen's parents?

Kullervo Sippola

): Through Fire and Water, Selected Pieces 1999 Bergroth, Tom C et al.


Question: Who were Taavetti Latainen's parents?

Kullervo Sippola

: Order of the Cross of Liberty: For the Fatherland, WSOY, 1997, ISBN 951-0-22037-X (sid.)


Question: Who were Taavetti Latainen's parents?

Kullervo Sippola

Sources Elsewhere Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Who were Taavetti Latainen's parents?

Kullervo Sippola

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Who were Taavetti Latainen's parents?

Kullervo Sippola

Category:Knights of the Mannerheim Cross Class:Finns who fell in World War II Class:Born in 1914 Class:Those who died in 1944


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The Finnish Civil War was fought between the Senate of Finland, or the government, and troops led by the Finnish People's Delegation that had rebelled against it from 27 January — 15 May 1918.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The armed forces of the Senate were white troops and the Finnish Red Guard, or Red Guards, as the People's Delegation.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The army of the German Empire supported the Whites by capturing Helsinki, Lahti and other southern Finnish cities.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

Soviet-Russia supported the Reds by donating weapons to them.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The Civil War was part of the state and social transformation in Europe caused by World War I.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

In 1917, World War I led to the dissolution of the Russian Empire and a political struggle for power, and eventually to the Russian Civil War.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

As a result of the collapse of Russia, a part of the Empire, the Grand Duchy of Finland, declared independence as Finland on 6 December 1917, but the intensification and dissolution of internal tensions within Finnish society led to the dissolution of state power within 1917 and a military crisis which resulted in the formation of two centres of power equipped with armed forces in the country.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

[1] The crisis culminated at the end of January in 1918 with a civil war between the Reds and Whites.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The Reds ruled Southern Finland, the Whites controlled Central and Northern Finland.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The military strength of both sides was about 80,000 troops.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The Whites arrived to be supported by an additional 13,000 soldiers strong force of the German army.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

Russia supported the Reds mainly by handing over weapons to the Red Guards.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The settlement battles of the war took place in March—April 1918.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The Battle of Tampere began on 16 March and ended on 6 April C.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

To the victory of the white forces led by G. Mannerheim.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

On 3 April, the German Army's Baltic Division under Major General Rüdiger von der Goltz had come ashore in southern Finland with a strength of about 13,000 troops, taking Helsinki, Lahti and other southern Finnish cities during the same month.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

At the end of April, the Whites still took Vyborg.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The Reds offensive phase, which began in February 1918, ended in almost total failure [2].


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

Germany's entry into the Finnish Civil War shortened the war and saved, among other things, Helsinki from devastating battles.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

[3] The civil war ended with the victory of the white Finnish and German army.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

Russia's reign ended in Finland, but the country passed into the reign of Imperial Germany for the remainder of World War I.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

After Germany lost the Great War, the independence gained by the Finns in December 1917 took full effect.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

In this case, projects to transform Finland into a Kingdom were also abandoned; the country became a republican democracy with the contribution of the Western Great Powers of Europe.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

[4] The civil war is the most conflicting event in Finnish history, whose effects on Finnish and Finnish society have been exceptionally long lasting.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

As is often the case with infighting within nations, there was widespread terror during and after the war.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

While the war effort was underway, both sides committed political terror and brutality.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

As the war wore on at the hands of the Reds, 1424 whites died executed, 4 died in a prison camp.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

At the hands of the Whites, 7370 Reds died executed, 11652 died in a prison camp, most after the war effort had already ended, as the capture and execution of Red or Red suspects continued on a large scale even after the last combatants surrendered.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

[5] In total, the civil war claimed about 38,000 casualties.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

[6] Some 75% of them were Reds, most killed in executions during the war and after the end of the war in prison camps from starvation and disease.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

In the actual combat action, nearly equal numbers of both red and white died.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

Of the terror victims, a minority were white, and Russian citizens were also executed.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The other casualties of the war were mainly German and Russian soldiers fallen in the fighting.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

[7] The civil war deepened the divide of the Finnish people.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The winning party considered the worst material in society to have risen, with Russian support, to revolt against the legitimate government, so those who lost were largely viewed as criminals.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

However, the outcome of World War I strengthened the position of moderate and broad-based national thought oriented populations in society.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

This allowed for slow defragmentation among populations.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

[8] War designations The war has been given a variety of names reflecting the power political and social tendencies of different historical times as well as ideological emphases.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The most coloured names in this regard include the Revolutionary War, the Class War, the Red Rebellion, and the Crofter Revolt.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

More balanced names include Civil War, Revolution, Rebellion and Brotherly War.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The most neutral expressions are the War of 1918 (in Finland), the Finnish War 1918, the events of 1918 or, to paraphrase Veijo Merta, the events of spring 1918.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The Revolution was one of the first appointments of the 1918 war on the side of the People's Delegation.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The Red Party also called the war a class war and a rebellion.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

In addition, the freedom fight name was used, for example, in obituaries and funerals of Red Guards.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The civil war name was commonly used on both sides of the front during the war.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

Whites additionally used the names Red Rebellion and Rebellion.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

In the late stages of the war and beyond, the victors” side began to emphasize the national nature of the war as a war of freedom against Russia and the Reds it supported.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

[9] In part of historical research, the war is now mainly referred to as the Civil War, which is also better suited to international practice.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

Although it is artificial and developed to suit the needs of the historiography of the moment.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The civil war term describes the nature of war neutrally (cf.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

the Revolutionary War, Class War) and include foreign powers involvement in the war.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

On the other hand, since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the use of the term freedom war has experienced a subtle renaissance in Finland.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

[10] [11] [12] The Roots of War Fundamentals In the 19th century, the Grand Duchy of Finland became industrialised, economic and political activities became vacant and the population grew.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

This changed the structure of the prevailing legal society and created conflicts.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The internal dominance of the enactments changed as the peasants and bourgeoisie grew stronger.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

However, the most significant change was the growth of non-regulated populations, the number of land and industrial working people and the rise of self-worth, socialism, nationalism and also liberalism as their tools.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The Finnish labour movement emerged at the end of the 19th century from the foundations of folk and revival movements, with the slow but steady progress of mental and material conditions.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The labour movement acquired a national character under the influence of Fennomania, and its breakthrough was significantly promoted by the Great Strike that broke out in Russia and Finland in 1905.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

Subsequently, the radical parliamentary reform in Finland in 1906 did not reduce social tensions, as the Russian Emperor and the Finns mutual conflicts prevented the full functioning of the parliament between 1907 and 1916.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The influence of the regulation system thus continued until 1917, and the Finnish political system was in an unsettled state of change.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

This slowed down the implementation of social reforms and sharpened the attitudes of working people.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

With the Russification periods 1899—1916 (years of repression) and the intensification of Finnish nation-thinking, efforts to detach Finland from Russia and also to achieve state independence increased.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

In addition to peaceful resistance and action, activism in favour of armed resistance arose in the country and the ice cap movement with it.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

[13] The decisive factor behind the 1918 war was the increased internal instability in the Russian Empire since the beginning of the 20th century, most strongly influenced by World War I.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The Great War had led to an internal crisis in Russia and the fragmentation of the entire empire, as well as the creation of a wide power vacuum and a struggle for power.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

[14] With the dissolution of Russia in the Revolutions of March and November 1917, Finland first fragmented state power.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

Together, these caused a political, economic and military crisis in the country and eventually led to the breakdown of Finnish society as a whole.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

[15] The Bolsheviks led by Lenin who sought power in Saint Petersburg, with their support and demands, pressed the Finnish labour movement to carry out the revolution.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

[16] The Bolsheviks in Finland were in close contact with the Russian Bolsheviks, and the Finns helped the Russian Bolsheviks hold their secret meetings in Finland, where the ohrana activities of Russian intelligence were not as effective as in Russia.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

[17] [18] However, the Russian revolutions of 1917 did not spread and were not separately spread to Finland; the country was immediately within their sphere of influence as part of Russia.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

Thus, the process of disintegration of society and the struggle for power were simultaneous and similar in the mother country and Finland.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

They were mainly due to the same circumstances [19] The German Empire was another superpower besides Russia, whose takeover plans and economic interests in Eastern Europe influenced events in Finland between 1917 and 1918.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The Finnish ice cap movement was part of German plans.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

Activists in Finland planned to extract the country from Russia using German bayonets and ice hangers.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

In the 1917 situation of World War I, the German leadership decided to support the Bolsheviks financially, as well as to promote the relocation of Lenin and some other Bolsheviks from exile in Switzerland to Saint Petersburg in April.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The hope was that Lenin would seize power in Russia and renounce the war, which in turn would free Germany from a heavy two-front war.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

Thus, Germany contributed two ways to the emergence of civil war.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

[20] Divided people As a result of the long-established social system in the country, the Finnish people were divided in two economically, socially and politically.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The division is described by counterparts: weathers—raffish, independent—unindependent and ownership—non-owning population, employers—workers, civility—"people”, upper class—lower class.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

Industrial capitalism increased the standard of living of working people steadily from the late 19th century onwards, but on the other hand the standard of living of the upper class increased more.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

As the Emperor's rule broke in 1917, Finland did not develop national unity in order to develop the country as well as to create a new internal order.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

Instead, social division led to fierce domestic political infighting and the emergence of the so-called dual power that preceded the civil war.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The dispute took advantage of Finland's dependence on Russia, and the power struggle was linked to the internal Russian crisis and the war between Germany and Russia as a question of Finnish control.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The pursuit of Finnish sovereign independence was one of the few objectives on which the Finns were finally unanimous.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

However, the goal was drowned out under internal power disputes.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

[21] The internal struggle for power and the breakdown of society during 1917 was reflected by many phenomena.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

These included unwillingness and inability to make political compromise, as well as the food and unemployment crisis and resulting unrest.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

Problems with working conditions and local democracy, including working-time legislation and the lack of universal and equal suffrage in municipal elections, caused rife strikes in industry and agriculture, eventually joining the struggle for state power.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

When, since March, there was no ordinary-keeping power jointly accepted by different groups of power in Finland, the upper layer of society began to establish their own ordinances (later.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

patronage municipalities) and the working population of the Ordinary Guards (later.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

Red Guards).


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

Their arming and radicalization, especially during the Great Strike of November 1917, fuelled fear, threat thinking and political violence in the country, and also altered power relations within power groups.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

During the winter of 1917—1918, both within the labour movement and the conservatives and bourgeoisie, decision-making power shifted from moderate circles to soldiers and armed troops (the so-called armed fortresses of Southern Finland and Southern Ostrobothnia), eventually leading to military conflict.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

[22] Pre-war events March Revolution The drug of freedom Emperor Nicholas II relinquished power on 15 March 1917.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

In Russia, power was taken by the Duma and the provisional government imposed by it.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

In the Grand Duchy of Finland, the second and at the same time last period of Russification ended on 20 March with the manifesto of the so-called March of the Provisional Government, which restored the situation between Finland and the mother country to a time before the reign of Nikolai Bobrikov.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

For the first time, the Finnish Parliament gained the dominance imposed on it in 1906.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

On 26 March, on the basis of the SDP's electoral victory in the 1916 parliamentary elections, a Tokai Senate was appointed to the country, with six socialists and six non-socialists as its members.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The Senate program included efforts to expand democracy and the removal of a temporary government veto.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

Furthermore, the aim was to develop municipal democracy and working conditions, including working time laws and social insurance, and the enactment of the Compulsory Education and Religious Freedom Act.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The conservatives (RKP, Old Finns and Young Finns “swallows”), as well as other bourgeois, non-socialists (liberal NuorFinns “sparrows” and the Agrarian League), welcomed the bourgeoisie of the provisional government and the fall of the quasi-dictatorial empress and to the end of the repressive period.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The future seemed to increase opportunities for the diversification and development of entrepreneurship and economic activities.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

Despite the bourgeoisie nature of the Provisional Government, from the perspective of the labour movement, the development was even more cataclysmic; the power of the Socialist-majority parliament grew and regulations that limited the workforce's activities, including the ban on strikes, barriers to freedom of speech and print, fell.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The working population seemed to finally have the opportunity to achieve a position already belonging to its population in society.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

[23] The Year of Fears and Hopes, however, the narcotic and positive outlook of liberation remained short-lived.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

Finland's domestic political situation deteriorated, and the breakdown of society that began in March proceeded at an accelerating pace.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

In the broad picture, the Finns of 1917 were “at the interface” where the legal society was becoming a more democratic civil society.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

On the one hand, traditions and attitudes of the old system were still prevalent, but on the other hand, with the spread of popular thinking, the inequalities of the regulation system previously considered natural were no longer accepted.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

In 1917, the new system was still looking for its way, and the direction of development became a major subject of controversy and struggle.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The change and its momentum began to frighten conservatives and non-socialists alike.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

For the labor movement, development looked too slow.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The cataclysmic shift from enactment power to parliamentarianism and universal suffrage caused by the 1905 Great Strike influenced the actions of both the working people and the bourgeoisie in 1917.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The workers' circle did not want a repeat of the “Tsarist setback” of 1908—1916, and on the other hand, in 1905 it had also been learned that revolution may have been the quickest path to “progress”.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The loss of state (enacted) power faced by conservatives and burghers in 1906 was not concreted until the March 1917 Revolution and then the situation threatened to lead to a decline in economic power as well.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

[24] In terms of the economy, the situation of both the industrial working population and industrial employers deteriorated significantly during 1917.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

In 1914—1916, the First World War caused a positive “war boom” in Finnish economic life, which clearly strengthened the economy of not only employers but also workers.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The March Revolution collapsed this development, causing unemployment and strong inflation.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The sudden deterioration of the working people's finances, coupled with the deteriorating food situation, created uncertainty and fear in the workers, laying the groundwork for strike movement and other unrest.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

[25] A weak government was formed from the Tokoi Senate.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The fundamental problem was that neither the social democrats nor the burghers participated fully in the government.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

Due to a power dispute between power groups and fear of political careers becoming scarred, the best forces of the SDP and the non-socialists were not included.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The politically advantageous situation long awaited by the Socialists, despite the majority in Parliament, could not be exploited because the working population lacked economic power.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The burghers had economic power, but they pursued a bourgeois majority parliament and senate as an extension of it.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

[26] The weak political position of the Tokoi Senate and later the Svinhufvud Senate characterised the dissolution of state power in 1917—1918.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The power lost by the Russian emperor in March 1917 was dispersed in several directions: in addition to the Provisional Government, the Senate of Finland, Parliament and other administrations, power was transferred to a significant extent on the street to workers' and military councils, strike organisations and mass rallies, as well as employers for active interest groups.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

[27] Crisis blanks During its short life cycle, the Tokai Senate had to contend with at least four problems: the strike movements of spring 1917, food shortages and Finland's position in relation to Russia, and the question of ordinal power.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The Senate survived fairly little of the strike crafting that began in April—May 1917 in industry and agriculture.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The main requirement of working people in strikes was an eight-hour working day.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

Wage increases to offset rising inflation were also wanted.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The strikes were resolved mostly through negotiations between employers and workers, and mainly for the benefit of workers.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The outcome of the dispute elevated working people's self-esteem and faith in mass power, but embittered employers over economic losses and unrest associated with the strikes.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

In addition, the labourers had used Russian soldiers in some places as support for their demands.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The upheaval caused by the March Revolution increased the mass power of the working population significantly also through the increased organization of workers; from late 1916 to the end of 1917, the number of members of the Finnish Vocational Organisation more than quadrupled to about 160,000.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The employer side was also organized, in the autumn of 1917 the Finnish Employers Confederation and the Confederation of Agricultural Producers were established.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

[28] Frontier prices had been imposed for food as early as 1914 and in 1917 food shortages continued to worsen as imports of bread grain from Russia collapsed.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

Mainly because of that, a food law was enacted in Finland (2 June 1917), under which the state had the right to confiscate excess food stocks and distribute them for public use.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

However, the enforcement and implementation of the Act was left completely halfway, resulting in higher food prices and some supply disappearing into bootlegging due to food inventory inspections, seizures and border prices required by law.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

[29] However, food shortages were mainly grain shortages and specifically a price crisis for the poorest part of the population affected by unemployment.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

Some of the bread shortages could be offset by other products because bread grain accounted for 10— 20% of the average family's food consumption.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

Food products were on the cards, queued up and were periodically in short supply, but large-scale hunger was not seen in southern Finland until the 1918 war.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

[29] [30] However, the issue developed into a political issue between the working people and the producers and the producers, where “the fear of starvation was a punk”.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

Many agricultural producers saw food confiscations and inventory inspections as socialist class policies encroaching on private ownership, and urban working populations in particular were embittered by expensive bootlegging, food export trade to Saint Petersburg, among others, and perception, that there was something deliberate about the trouble.


Question: Where did the Civil War era designations red and white come from?

Finnish Civil War

The provocative news coverage of the newspaper press also played a large part in the escalation of moods as the year 1917 wore on.