Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

The giant vulture Shura's pet bird Fuza is a giant vulture.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

A run-lobster White Sea creature that's really fast.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

One of the runway lobsters carried Straw Hats from the White Sea to the White Sea.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

Pierre It has not been told what bird species Gan Fall's partner Pierre represents, but he is a spotted long-nosed bird.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

Clouded Little white fox with a long snout.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

The mouth is clouded and Conis' pet.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

Southbird Jaya Island southbirds bigger.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

Unlike the southbirds of Jaya Island, the southbirds of the sky are much friendlier.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

Wolves Wolves with white colored fur.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

They live in the Upper Yard and move in packs.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

Unlike regular wolves, Upper Yard wolves are able to walk on two legs, and additionally are kinder than usual.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

In addition, they know how to make juice.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

Long Ring Long Land Island animals are otherwise similar to common ones, but they are longer.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

Plus, the names are long too.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

A horse the size of Heeeeevone's Giraffe.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

Tonjit owns one heeeeeevosen, Shelly.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

Hiiiiiiirvi Long Moose.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

Kaaaaaaarhu A tall bear walking on two legs.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

Sea macaques Hybrids of monkeys and fish.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

Create tidal waves and amuse on ships when they sink.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

They're not part of the fauna of the island, they're trolling around the island.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

Myyyyyyyyyra A tall mole with a lamped helmet so it could see in the dark tunnels in front of him.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

Tonjit's grandson owns one (only in anime).


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

The wedding dachshund Probably the longest of all the animals on the island.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

In the anime, when Luffy asked one to sit, the upper body reached so high that you couldn't separate it anymore.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

The dreadshund in question also knew other typical tricks to be taught to dogs.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

It's not certain if other sortmates can do the same tricks.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

Luuuuum leopard A regular snow leopard that just has a wide head and a strange mouth.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

This will help it eat a lot at once.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

Veeeecotine Like a seaphrag, but long.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

And it's called Perry.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

Water 7 Sumo frog Yokozuna is a sumo frog.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

Currently, he is the only one of his kind.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

There are three different types of Yagara in Yagarat Water 7: Yagara Bull - Seahorse-like critters most used to navigate Water 7's canals.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

One costs 2,000 berries.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

Rabuka Bull - Significantly bigger than Yagara Bulls in magnitude.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

Often used to transport large crowds.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

King Bull - Giant versions of Yagara Bulls.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

Franky Family owns two of those, Sodom and Gomorrah.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

Unknown List of animals for which there is no exact information about the area of residence.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

The Tortoise Baroque Works' Banchi is a large-sized land-and-water cigar smoking turtle used for transportation.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

The bald-head vulture at Baroque Works Miss Friday is a bald-head vulture.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

Sea Bears Musti saw a sea boar chased by one of the sea monsters during his mini part.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

They resemble wild boars with a tail.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

Sea cows Most likely to be found in the vicinity of the Sea Man Islands.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

The Arlong pirates own one sea cow, Mööm.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

Unlike Kung-Fumer cows from Alabasta, the likes of Mööm are similar in size to sea monsters.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

Sea Otter Baroque Works' Mr. 13 is a sea otter.


Question: Where does One Piece world's seas move particularly high numbers of sea monsters?

List of animals of One Piece

Category:One Piece Category:Lists of manga and anime characters en:One Piece #Setting


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

The Protection Police (abbreviation Supo or supo [1], previously Suopo) (, in international contexts Finnish Security Intelligence Service [2]) is a police unit under the Ministry of Interior responsible for internal and external security of the Finnish State.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

Supo is an operational security authority whose core areas of activity include counter-terrorism, counterintelligence and security work.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

[3] Antti Pelttari is the head of the protection police.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

Organisation in the Protective Police the organization restructured on January 1, 2009, and today the organization has five operational performance units.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

These are the Counter-Terrorism Unit, Counterintelligence Unit, Security Unit (which also includes security clearance and recitation functions), Field Surveillance Unit and Area Unit.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

The aforementioned units constitute the Operational Branch headed by Assistant Chief Operating Officer Hannu Moilanen.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

Outcome units in the strategic industry include the International Unit, the Snapshot Unit and the Internal Services Unit.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

The industry is headed by Deputy Chief Strategic Officer Petri Knape, whose responsibilities also include legal affairs and legality oversight.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

[3] Counter-terrorism takes place in Supo in three ways.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

The protection police monitor and analyze international terrorism and related phenomena.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

Supo aims to combat terrorism by identifying phenomena related to terrorism, its development and related crime.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

In addition, Supo is also responsible for preparing snapshots and threat assessments.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

Counterintelligence is divided into three core activities: proliferation control, surveillance of information technology and computer networks, and economic security.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

The security unit covers five types of activities namely the protection police, pre-blocking security work, security clearances, state internal security and security guard.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

Lasse Anttila, 54, was headed by the unit focused on counter-terrorism in September 2007.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

In turn, the head of the field surveillance unit was Paavo Selin, and the counterintelligence unit was headed by Harri Sarvanto.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

Personnel and budget The Protection Police employs about 220 people.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

[4] 55% of staff are police trained and other personnel are 45%.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

Of the rest of the staff, about half are in specialist and expert positions, and the other half are in professional, clerical and support roles.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

All permanent employees in the Protection Police are civil servants and all posts in the Protection Police are required to have Finnish citizenship.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

About one-third of the staff are awarded a university degree.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

The average age is just under 44 years.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

[3] In early 2005, the Situation Centre of the Council of the European Union (SITCen) started working as a Supo official.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

Since Autumn 2007, the Protection Police have operated the Government Situation Centre, whose job is to ensure access to information from the State Command in all circumstances around the clock.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

Supo's budget Year - Budget 2001 - €11 million 2007 - €14 million 2009 - €16 million [3] 2012 - €18 million [5] The majority of operational resources are spent on counterintelligence and counter-terrorism, both of which swallow about a third of the resource distribution.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

It takes 9 percent of the budget to combat threats to state homeland security.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

Of the funds, 10% will be spent on pre-blocking security work, 8% for the Situation Centre and the remaining 7% for security guarding.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

[3] History The Detective Central Police (EK) Supo's predecessor, the State Police (Valpo), originated in the General Staff Section III, established by the Whites in the summer of 1918, with the task of military intelligence and responding to internal security.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

[6] From the beginning of 1919, the General Staff Passport Division, which carried out the function of internal intelligence, passed under the control of the Ministry of the Interior.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

Reforms of the organization were continued in the summer of 1919 with the establishment of the Detective Central Police (EK), which was tenured in late 1927.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

A decree of December 1937 changed the name of the unit to the State Police (Valpo).


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

The longest-serving head of the unit was Esko Riekki from 1923 to 1938.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

[7] The personnel of the Detective Central Police ironically called their unit the ohrana ().


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

The term had previously been used for the Russian tsarist secret police ().


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

The denomination also spread outside the house, with left-wing politicians and newspapermen in particular also using the same designation of the BC successor, the State Police (Valpo I).


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

Following the rise of Valpo I National Socialists to power in Germany, Valpo's leadership established personal relations with the new senior figures of the SS and the German security police.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

During the Continuation War, Valpo collaborated with the Special Unit Einsatzkommando Finnland of Nazi Germany's SD intelligence service, putting at its disposal from 1941 to 1942 a 12-man command consisting of prisoner-of-war interrogators and interpreters.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

Valpo's leadership and command were aware that German prisoners of war were being executed on the basis of interrogation results, and in isolated cases Valpo personnel were involved in the executions themselves.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

From 1 February 1938, Paavo Säippä served as Chief of Valpo until 1 February 1941 he was replaced by Arno Anthoni, known as a pro-German.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

By order of the Government on 15 July 1941, Valpo was subjected to the command of the Headquarters “until the end of the war”.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

The German defeat at the Siege of Stalingrad in the winter of 1943 weakened the position of the pro-Germans in the administration, when, along with some other changes of civil service, Anthoni was replaced by Paavo Kastari on 29 February 1944.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

[8] [9] In Valpo, documents were deliberately left unprepared.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

[10] Valpo II, red Valpo In 1944—1949, especially during the time as chief of Otto Brusinin, much previous staff were separated from Valpo, replaced by communists and other pro-Soviet.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

One in ten members of staff had received a conviction for either land or state fraud.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

Nearly 80 people were also recruited during Brusin's time as chief, with prison sentences for crimes behind them.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

[11] The season was commonly referred to as the Red Valpo, more formally Valpo II or New Valpo.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

The emergence of Red Valpo, in addition to the Control Commission and Communist Interior Minister Yrjö Leino, was influenced by the revelation of the weapons cache case.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

Following the rise of the Social Democratic government to power, Valpo II was dissolved in 1948.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

Supo Situation in Valpo began to calm down after Erkki Tuominen became chief and Risto Hölä's deputy chief in January 1948, tenured in March 1948.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

Immediately after the election defeat of SKDL, preparations began for the abolition of Valpo and the creation of a protection police (Supo), much smaller in staff, from the beginning of 1949.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

[12] The archive of the Detective Central Police and Valpo until about 1948 is public and its depository is the National Archives.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

Supo's 1949 archive opened for the first time to all the nation on January 1, 2009.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

[13] Supo chiefs Armas Alhava 1949—1972 Arvo Pentti 1972—1978 Seppo Tiitinen 1978—1990 Eero Kekomäki 1990—1996 Seppo Nevala 1996—2007 Ilkka Salmi 2007—2015 (leave of absence 2011—2015) Antti Pelttari 2011—2016 (deputy) Antti Pelttari 2016— Long sick leave been Seppo Nevala retired since 1 December 2007.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

The resignation announcement was preceded by the so-called 'GDR Intelligence Service' from the Stasi archive and the Rosenholz material.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

Negotiations were held with the USA in 2000, when the political leadership decided the material was made public as well as to be made available to investigators.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

It subsequently emerged that the material was already in Supo's possession at the time, but was not even handed over to the courts.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

Of the Stasi material, Tiitinen's list has been required to be made public.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

In 2007, the post of Chief of the Protection Police was in open search for the first time.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

There were more than 20 applicants.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

The vast majority of applicants were distinguished representatives of the police or judiciary.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

However, on 1 November 2007, the State Council appointed the Special Assistant to Interior Minister Anne Holmlund (kok), Deputy Judge Ilkka Salmi (kok), as the new head of the security police.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

Salmi is originally from Turku and had started working at Supo as a senior inspector in the counterintelligence unit in 2002.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

[14] From 2011 until 15 February 2015, Supo's interim chief is Antti Pelttari as Salmi's deputy.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

[15] [16] Under the Ministry of the Interior in 2016, the Protection Police took over from the police administration to the Ministry of the Interior from the beginning of 2016.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protective police

[17] Workplace bullying In late 2010, Supo's workplace bullying was in the public domain.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protection police

Superintendent Matti Mikkola said that he has been subjected to systematic discrimination and bullying and there were others who were bullied.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protection police

[18] Paavo Selin Former Head of Terrorism Unit and then Head of Field Surveillance Unit Paavo Selin sat for days without duties.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protection police

He had no right to even enter the premises of the unit he headed, no emails could be sent to him and no phone calls were connected.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protection police

According to the then Director General of Police Mikko Paatero, it was individual cases.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protection police

[19] Selin's situation was motivated by a presentation from September 2005 that in Europe NATO plays no role in the fight against terrorism.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protection police

The statement angered then-opposition leader Jyrki Katainen, who telephoned then-Supo chief Seppo Nevala, who in turn berated his subordinates loudly on the phone.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protection police

Katainen accused Supo at the time of attempting to derail him from the position of party leader.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protection police

Nevala ordered Selin against his will to second positions in March 2007, following the Coalition's victory in parliamentary elections.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protection police

Later, Ilkka Salmi, an assemblyman, was appointed as the new chief of Supo.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protection police

In September 2009, a tape of a conversation with Nevala berating Selin was made public, and Selin's isolation at his workplace began.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protection police

[20] [21] [22] The Police Board commissioned a report which did not show any bullying or inappropriate behaviour.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protection police

According to the report, it was a misunderstanding.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protection police

Following Selin's freeze on sick leave, his right of passage was removed as a safeguarding measure on which no written decision was made.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protection police

[23] Later, the Ministry of the Interior reproached Supo's conduct in the Selin case as being contrary to good governance.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protection police

In addition, the engagement prosecutor said he was launching a pre-trial investigation into Mr Supo in a case involving the former superintendent, which also involved obstructing access to passes and information systems.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protection police

[24] Selin has received a warning from Supo after attending Ambassador Alpo Rus' book launch ceremony in October 2011.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protection police

[25] In other countries, Supo has engaged in a great deal of cooperation and exchange of information with foreign, especially other Nordic security officials.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protection police

[26] The Nordic countries in Sweden operates the Säkerhetspolisen (SÄPO), which has a staff of around 1000 [27] and a budget of about 120 million.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protection police


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protection police

[28] Politiets sikkerhetstjeneste (PST) operates in Norway with a headcount of around 515 and a budget of around 70 million.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protection police


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protection police

[29] Politiets Efterretningstjeneste (PET) operates in Denmark, which has a staff of around 780 [30] and a budget of around 100 million.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protection police


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protection police

[31] See also List of intelligence services Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Simola, Matti| title = Ratakatu 12.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protection police

Protection Police 1949-2009| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2009| id = ISBN 978-951-0-35243-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kullberg, Ances| title = Dog that didn't bark.


Question: When is the Finnish Protective Police Unit established?

Protection police

Why and how has Finland escaped the spread of terrorist activity? | location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2011| id = ISBN 978-951-0-38577-7}} Sources on the topic elsewhere Category:Finnish police activities Category:Finnish intelligence organizations Category:Key articles of screening


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

Urho Jaakko Saariaho (27 November 1911, Raahe — 18 September 1981 Helsinki) was a Finnish MP.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

[1] Urho Saariaho was born in Raahe.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

His parents were Johan Petter (J.P., “Hipie”) Saariaho (1874—1960), a leather maker, and Amalia Karolina, e. Närälä (1872—1940).


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

A firstborn daughter after Elm, six sons were born into the family, Urho the fourth of these.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

Urho Saariaho attended his schooling in Raahe.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

He dropped out of grammar school and earned a degree in merkonom at the Bourgeois and Commerce School in Raahe in 1931.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

He finished high school privately and wrote matriculating in 1935.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

Saariaho maintained close links with the city of his birth throughout his life, spending his summer holidays there with his family, in 1957—81 at his own family's summer villa.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

After finishing his studies, Urho Saariaho joined the accounting department at the Myllykoski factory of Yhneet Paperitehtaat Oy in the spring of 1936, from which he was transferred as head of the broadcasting department in the same autumn.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

Language skills improved during the employer's publishing six-month intensive familiarity with England in early 1939.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

Urho Saariaho married Rauha Kaarina Pekur (1917-2008) at the beginning of the Winter War in 1939.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

Seven children were born to them in 1941—51: Elmi-Kaarina, Elina, Hannu, Olli, Jaakko, Mirja and Elsi, who died less than one year old.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

After the wars, Saariaho was appointed the company's chief social officer in 1948.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

The division of the United Paper Mills in 1951 left the then MP Urho Saariaho to Myllykoski Paperitehdas Oy.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

As an MP, he stood for 21 years in 1945—66.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

The rank of Social Counselor he was awarded in 1963.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

Urho Saariaho, a social advisor, retired fully from Myllykoski Oy at the age of 65 on 30 November 1976.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

He then moved with his wife Kaarina to Helsinki after the children.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

Urho Saariaho died at the age of 69 from a sudden bout of illness in September 1981.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

Urho Saariaho, a sports enthusiast, was distinguished both as an active sportsman and a sports director in organizational positions.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

Sports activities started already as a little boy in Raahe.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

Urho Saariaho participated in local, district competitions, etc., if necessary, as a representative of his club in many different sports, but the most important for him was pole jumping.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

Despite the wrong “back to the bar” crossing style, a hard workout took him all the way to the Finnish Championship at the age of 22 in 1934 — the score was 380.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

In addition, she achieved several second, third and point positions in Finnish Championships.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

Kymenlaakso's district record of 380 was in his name in 1937-48.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

Saariaho was a champion of defence forces, an academic master on the books of the University of Helsinki, etc. Urho Saariaho was a versatile athlete, excelling not only in athletics but also in athletics in many sports.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

He was also heavily engaged in ice ball.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

During his time in Raahe, Urho served on the board of directors of sports club Raahe Vesa for several years.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

In the mid-1930s, attention was also given to sporting achievements in the personal choices of the United Paper Mills.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

The young athlete Urho Saariaho's merits in this field contributed to his admission to the factory.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

At Myllykoski, Urho Saariaho immediately sought out sports activities both active and as an organizer.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

He held the chairmanship of the Kilpaveikkot sports club Myllykoski for 31 years, the chairmanship of the Kymenlaakso district of the Finnish Gymnastics and Sports Federation (SVUL) for 26 years and was on the Federal Board of the Finnish Sports Federation and its working committee for 12 years.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

Urho Saariaho, who is proficient in language, served several times as the manager of the Finnish athletics national team and e.g.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

in organizing duties for the 1952 Helsinki Olympic Games.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

For his merits, he was awarded numerous badges of merit, e.g.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

The Golden Cross of Merit in Finnish Sport and the Golden Cross of Merit of the Helsinki Olympic Games.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

As an honorary member of SVULL he was invited in 1967.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

As a fitness jogger at his parents, social counselor Urho Saariaho stressed the importance of first-hand fitness sports as a builder of physical fitness and mental vigour.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

The National Defence Urho Saariaho was part of the Patronage Centre in Raahe 1927-36 and Myllykoski from now on.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

He completed his conscription in the Message Battalion 2 in Riihimäki in 1931-32 and on the signal line of the Reserve Officer School, upon completion of which Saariaho was promoted to Reserve Vänger in 1932.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

Urho Saariaho was forced to leave for the Winter War at the age of 28 in December 1939.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

He was granted a short wedding holiday in the same month for the purpose of marrying Kaarina Pekur.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

In the Winter War, Ensign Saariaho served as a platoon leader in the Signal Battalion.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

He was promoted to lieutenant after the beginning of the intermediate peace, in May 1940.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

In the Continuation War, which began in June 1941, Urho Saariaho's troop detachment was JR 25, Pike Regiment operating in the main case in East Karelia He was the leader of the relay platoon until July 1943.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

Saariaho was wounded in the leg in early January 1942 during the battles of Hiisjärvi and was in a war hospital for three months.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

Lieutenant Saariaho was, along with his own post, the regimental enlightenment officer from October 1942.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

The assignment was changed to full-time in July 1943, at the same time that Saariaho was promoted to captain.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

During the position warfare phase, the regiment was stationed at Lake Sees.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

In the final stages of the war, the Pike Regiment participated in fighting the Isthmus: Kaukjärvi — Summa — Tali — Karisalmi — Ihantala.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

In these maneuvers, Saariaho served again, beginning in June, as a signals officer.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

He was demobilized in November 1944.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

After the war, Urho Saariaho's contribution was also powerful in fostering the memories of the Pin Regiment, having served for 29 years as Chairman of the Tradition Commission.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

A monument to Pikiki was received in Kouvola by him.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

Saariaho was promoted to Reserve Major on Independence Day 1964.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

He was awarded the Cross of Freedom 3rd Class (VR 3) 1942.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

Urho Saariaho was chairman of the Myllykoski — Ummeljoki chapter of the Brothers' Union of War Valids for more than 30 years and Chairman of the War Veterans of Central Finland for ten years.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

In Parliament, the Kansa elected more than a hundred new representatives to the Finnish Parliament in the spring 1945 elections.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

As one of them, Urho Saariaho was elected to parliament at the age of 33 from the Coalition's list of candidates.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

To maintain his fitness, he was actively involved in founding the Parliamentary Athletic Club in the autumn of 1945.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

Urho Saariaho to such an extent convincingly drove the affairs of his constituency Kymencounty at the state level that he was elected MP in elections five times in a row after his first choice.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

The notoriety of “Kansan-Urho” was largely based on diverse provincial and local influence.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

The last time he was elected to parliament was in the 1962 election.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

Saariaho missed out on the first deputy seat in the 1966 election.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

The fall was a contributing factor to a commonly known heart attack the previous year.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

Urho Saariaho was Elector for Presidential Elections between 1956 and 1962.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

He served as president of the Kymenlaakso Coalition for 16 years from 1950 until the end of his parliamentary term.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

During his long career in the Reichstag, Urho Saariaho accumulated knowledge and experience of participating in the work of several committees.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

Membership time was accrued for the longest time on the Defence Committee at 20 years, 13 years on the Social Committee and ten years on the Finance Committee, in addition to a shorter period of time on the Department of Access and Foreign Affairs committees.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

He also served as Chairman of the Civilization Section of the Committee on Finance.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

During his tenure as MP, Urho Saariaho drove vigorously e.g.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

the remuneration of the transporter, the defence establishment and sub-officers, etc.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

In particular, he turned his attention to traffic benefiting Kymenlaakso province: in Myllykoski, the Kesikoski bridge and the railway underpass to Saviniemi, the bridge of Virta in Iiti, the icebreaker issue of the harbours of Hamina and Kotka, etc.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

Many of Urho Saariaho's breakthrough parliamentary initiatives include the construction of an agricultural college in Anjala.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

This was a tough piece for the then Agrarian Federation, as the initiative came from a Coalition MP.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

Also notable was the breakthrough initiative Yellow Cloth — Inkeroinen road.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

In general, Urho Saariaho's initiatives, many of which came to fruition, concerned improving transport conditions and free entrepreneurial activities, as well as national defence that was close to his heart.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

Other social activities Social counselor Urho Saariaho also influenced the spiritual and material development of the Sippola Municipality (→ Anjalkoski → Kouvola), especially the paper factory along the Kymi river.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

The projects he pursued shaped Myllykoski's external image, both in transport and service facilities.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

The MP also felt that he was the representative of his locality in the country's parliament.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

Urho Saariaho was the founder of the Myllykoski Workers' College.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

He chaired the Board of Trustees of the Myllykoski Vocational School, then the Federal Council of the Local Government Association, starting in 1962.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

Urho Saariaho was instrumental in getting high school into Myllykoski Coed School.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

In Sippola Church Council he was a member of the Board of Health Security of the late 1960s and Kymenlaakso from 1945.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

Urho Saariaho, Head of Social Services, participated in the management of myllykoski Paperitehdas Oy, then Myllykoski Oy, countless matters important to the company.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

He helped to acquire the company e.g.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

inexpensive government funding for the expansion of production activities.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

Urho Saariaho also pushed for the railway to the company's Luikonlahti mine until its fruitful conclusion.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

Urho Saariaho was active on behalf of Raahe, his birthtown, when wrenching hands about the location of the new state-owned steel mill, Rautaruuki.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

In several other critical situations, he acted in e.g.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

as a member of the Trade and Industry Section of the Committee on Finance for Northern Finland.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

Founded in 1960, Rautaruukki was anchored in the rest of society so that, in addition to the shareholders' companies, the trade union movement and political parties were also represented on its supervisory board.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

Unlike most other state-owned companies in the 60s, Rautaruuk kept the supervisory board well informed and played a real role in getting things done.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

Securing the support of the parliament was necessary to obtain an initial financial contribution from the state.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

Kokkola eventually remained second in the issue of location, which has received an undue amount of publicity, and it was decided to build Rautaruukki in Rojuniemi, the municipality of Saloiste, which was then annexed to Raahe.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

(Unto Luukko: Rautaruukki 1960 — 90, Oy Kaleva — Oulu — 1990) Thus a significant but declining, small and poor and unemployment-plagued maritime city experienced its second coming as an industrial locality.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

Urho Saariaho served as a member of the supervisory board of Rautaruukki Oy from 1963 to 71.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

He also served as auditor of the National Insurance Institute (Kela) for a long time.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

Urho Saariaho contributed decisively to the establishment of Myllykoski Businessmen's Association.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

At the founding meeting of Kymen Entrepreneurs ry in 1967, Urho Saariaho was elected Chairman of the Board of Directors.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

Saariaho became president of the National Association of Pensioners of the Coalition in 1978.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

At a union event, he then died from a sudden attack of illness he had suffered on the rosette right on the eve of his 70th birthday on 18 September 1981.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

Sources Sihvola, Tapani: Urho Saariaho's 60th Anniversary Interview.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

Kymen Central Valley on 27 November 1971.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

Ora, Jouko: Interview done on retirement.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

Kouvolan Sanomat on 7 November 1976.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

Armed Forces Carrier Card Information Compilation Biography.


Question: When did Urho Saariaho die?

Urho Saariaho

Archive of Bourgeois Work published after death obituaries: Kouvolan sanomat 19.9.1981 Helsingin Sanomat 20.9.1981 New Finland 23.9.1981 References Category:MPs Category:Politicians of the National Coalition Category:Births in 1911 Category:Those who died in 1981


Question: When was Highway 29 completed?

Highway 29

Highway 29 is a highway leading from Keminmaa to Tornio.


Question: When was Highway 29 completed?

Highway 29

The road differs from Highway 4 leading from Helsinki to Utsjoki in Keminmaa.


Question: When was Highway 29 completed?

Highway 29

In Tornio, the road diverges from Highway 21 to Kilpisjärvi.


Question: When was Highway 29 completed?

Highway 29

Highway 29 ends at the border with Sweden, from where the European road E4 continues through Sundsvall and Stockholm to Helsingborg.


Question: When was Highway 29 completed?

Highway 29

Route and road links: Keminmaa (Acting 4 E8 E75) Tornio (st 922, vt 21 E8) Tornio border crossing point (E4) Highway 29 is only 16 kilometres long and is the shortest highway in Finland.


Question: When was Highway 29 completed?

Highway 29

The vast majority of the road is a motorway called the Outland Road, which is the northernmost motorway in the world.


Question: When was Highway 29 completed?

Highway 29

Highway 29 was also Finland's first entirely four-lane highway.


Question: When was Highway 29 completed?

Highway 29

Highway 29 is part of the trunk road network presented by the Ministry of Transport and Communications task force and the pan-European TERN road network.


Question: When was Highway 29 completed?

Highway 29

The section between Keminmaa and the junction of Highway 21 is part of European road E8, and the section between Highway 21 and the border is part of European road E4.


Question: When was Highway 29 completed?

Highway 29

Road number 29 was introduced with the completion of the motorway section in 2001.


Question: When was Highway 29 completed?

Highway 29

Prior to this, the section between Tornio and Keminmaa was part of Highway 21.


Question: When was Highway 29 completed?

Highway 29

In 2007—2008, in connection with the construction of the common core centre of the cities of Tornio and Haparanda, Highway 29 was moved at the border.


Question: When was Highway 29 completed?

Highway 29

On the Finnish side, the road was moved south on a 380 m journey


Question: When was Highway 29 completed?

Highway 29

A new circular junction was also built to replace the West Bank traffic light-controlled exit.


Question: When was Highway 29 completed?

Highway 29

On the Swedish side, the new E4 road was built on a journey of about 450 metres.


Question: When was Highway 29 completed?

Highway 29

A new four-lane border bridge was also built, the cost of which was divided in half by the lands.


Question: When was Highway 29 completed?

Highway 29

The cost of the project for Finland was approximately EUR 2.6 million.


Question: When was Highway 29 completed?

Highway 29

[1] [2] Sources Google Earth Computer Program.


Question: When was Highway 29 completed?

Highway 29

in 2007.


Question: When was Highway 29 completed?

Highway 29

It's Google.


Question: When was Highway 29 completed?

Highway 29

References on the topic elsewhere Category:Europeans 29 Category:Finnish motorways Category:Transport in Keminmaa Category:Tornio transport


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

The Supreme Court (abbreviation KKO; [1], [2] HD) is one of the two courts of the highest instance of Finland whose main function is the issuance of preliminary rulings.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

According to Article 99 of the Constitution of Finland, the Supreme Court exercises supreme jurisdiction in disputes and criminal cases.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

In administrative jurisdiction cases, the highest jurisdiction is exercised by the Supreme Administrative Court.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

History Supreme Court The historical premise of the Supreme Court's jurisdiction is that the kings of Sweden once had the right to dissolve judgments.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

This right remained with the king even after the establishment of the Svea Court of Appeal in 1614.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

The Supreme Court was established by King Gustav III by the 1789 Book of Association and Collateral under the name King's Supreme Court.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

The current Swedish Supreme Court is to retract from this.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

Following the Russian conquest of Finland in 1809, the judicial branch of the Imperial Government of Finland (since 1816 the Senate of Finland) was enacted as a court of supreme jurisdiction.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

The Supreme Court of Finland was established in 1918, after Finland became independent.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

At the same time, the Supreme Court was detached from the Council of State and also became a formally independent and independent court.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

Throughout its operation, the Supreme Court has had to balance with the number of appeals.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

The excessive number of cases has made it difficult for KKO to act as a presenter.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

Opportunities for appeal were already limited during Swedish rule, when the right of appeal in disputes required the payment of a high drag money.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

During independence 1922, a lower limit on appeals in disputes was enacted.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

This limit was subsequently increased on several occasions.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

Similarly, in criminal cases, no appeal was allowed to be filed for mild offences.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

To a purely precedent-deciding court like the current one, the KKO changed in 1980.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

The abbreviation KKO Supreme Court abbreviation KKO has been formed unusually.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

Usually a capital letter abbreviation is formed from the initial letters of each word.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

Thus, the abbreviation could mean the right of betrothal, of the kind previously operated in Finland.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

In the sense of the Supreme Court acronym is poorly opening.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

An explanation for the acronym can be found in history.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

In 1915, the journal Lawyers published an inscription “On the annotation of sources of law and source works”.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

[3] In the abbreviation list of legal sources, KO denoted the right of betrothal.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

At the time, the Supreme Court had not yet been established; the supreme court was the Judiciary Division (SOO) of the Senate.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

The Supreme Court was established in 1918.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

In 1920, an expanded and in some places revised version of the writing was published in the Lawyers magazine.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

In the article “Marking sources of law, source works and court cases" [4] KO still stood for betrothal law and the newly created Supreme Court was abbreviated to KKO.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

As the meaning of the acronym KO was well established and spread into common use, a second acronym had to be sought by the Supreme Court.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

The complementary work of the abbreviation list was carried out by a three-member committee, whose proposal was approved by the Finnish Association of Lawyers at its meeting on 26 May 1920.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

[5] [6] Functions The main function of the Supreme Court is the issuance of prior decisions.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

Prejudices, or prejudices, govern other jurisdictions.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

Prior rulings are not formally binding on lower courts, but in practice they are usually followed by case law.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

As a rule, the Supreme Court can only be appealed in cases where it grants leave to appeal against a decision of a lower court.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

Permission to appeal can be sought in court of appeals rulings, some insurance law rulings, as well as district court rulings made by the district court when acting as a land court.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

If the Court of Appeal has ruled on the case at first instance, leave to appeal is not required.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

There are three grounds for granting leave to appeal: Criteria for prior decision — for the application of the law in other similar cases, or for the sake of unity of case law, it is important to refer the case to the Supreme Court; Demolition — other error on the basis of which the solution should be dissolved or removed by law; Weighty reason — there is another weighty reason for granting leave to appeal.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

With the consent of the counterparty, any appellable district court decision may apply for leave to appeal on a prior decision basis directly from the Supreme Court, leaving the Court of Appeal phase unused (advance decision appeal).


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

[7] Other functions of the Supreme Court are to issue opinions to the President of the Republic in matters of clemency, as well as to the Ministry of Justice in matters concerning the extradition of offenders abroad to issue opinions on bills at various stages at the request of the President of the Republic to give an opinion on the laws adopted by Parliament and the provincial laws adopted by the Åland Islands before he confirms them.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

Organisation The Office Head of the Supreme Court is served by the President of the Supreme Court, who is assisted by a Permanent Secretary.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

Members of the Supreme Court are called judicial counsels, who must be in office at least 15 at a time.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

Like other justices, the President of the Supreme Court and judicial advisors are appointed by the President of the Republic.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

The Judge-Selection Committee is not involved in filling these positions.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

Cases are decided on the basis of preparation carried out by rapporteurs referred to as Secretaries of Justice or rapporteurs.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

As of January 1, 2016, the President of the Supreme Court is Timo Esko.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

His predecessors have included Pauliine Koskelo, Leif Sevón, Olavi Heinonen, Curt Olsson, Antti Hannikainen, Matti Piipponen, Toivo Tarjanne, Oskar Möller, Hjalmar Neovius, Frans Pehkonen, Julius Grotenfelt and August Nybergh.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

The Supreme Court has jurisdiction over the issue of granting leave to appeal in a two-member assembly.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

If leave to appeal is granted, the main proceedings shall normally be decided in a chamber composed of five members.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

In a matter of principle importance, the composition can be strengthened either to an 11-member chamber hearing or a plenary session attended by all members of the Supreme Court.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

When the Supreme Court considers military matters, two military members of at least the rank of colonel are present for a two-year period.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

They are Flag Admiral Timo Hirvonen and Lieutenant General Kim Arctic Sea.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

Their deputies include Brigadier General Vesa Virtanen and Brigadier General Mikko Heiskanen.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

Hirvonen has been hit by criminal suspicion in November 2018, so he will not be invited to the sessions for the time being.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

[8] [9] Members of the Supreme Court The members of the Supreme Court are: [10] Presidents of the Supreme Court Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kemppinen, Jukka| title = All relevant compliance sizes: Supreme Court, Law and Society 1918—1990| publisher = VAPK-cost| year = 1992| isbn = 951-37-0978-7}} References Literature ed.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

Anja Tulenheimo-Jacket: Supreme Court 75 years.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

Lawyers' Union Cost 1993.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

ISBN 951-640-687-4 Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = ed.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

Heikki Pihlajamäki| title = Jurisdiction throughout the century.


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

Perspectives on the history of the Supreme Court 1918—2018| publisher = Edita| year = 2018| isbn = 978-951-37-7406-6}} On topic elsewhere (Archives Department).


Question: What is the most important function of the Supreme Court in Finland?

Supreme Court (Finland)

Category:Supreme Rights of Finland Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

A passenger aircraft or transport aircraft is an aircraft whose operation is intended to transport passengers.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

Most of these aircraft fly scheduled flights, but in addition, a lot are tourism-related charter flights.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

In general, a cargo version of passenger aircraft has also been developed.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

History The passenger airliner originated as a single-engine aircraft carrying a few passengers.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

The Junkers aircraft designs of the early 1920s were the first to carry passengers without loss.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

Airmail served throughout the world as a conduit for airline subventions.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

Developed in the early 1930s, Boeing's version 247, Douglas's DC-1, DC-2 and DC-3, and Junkers Ju-52 began to be carried in larger numbers already.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

Influenced in the air forces of different countries, the officers who considered mass bombings of civilian targets as the keys to the solution of the future war were able to exploit the speed records of passenger aircraft of that time, at the time that the technology of passenger aircraft was applied to large bombers.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

After World War II, bomber technology was transferred for a time to passenger aircraft, for example the Lockheed Constellation and the De Havilland Comet, whose destruction was essentially due to the unpressurization of British bombers.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

Comet is an example of how a passenger airliner that has failed in the market gets a role in the armed forces.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

Narrow-body jet airliner entered the market from the mid-1950s onwards, for example the De Havilland Comet, Boeing 707 and Sud SE 210 Caravelle of Sud Aviation.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

The Boeing 707 is thought to have been developed from the company's slightly earlier refueling and spy aircraft, and thus the subvention of the armed forces helped Boeing to its commercial breakthrough.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

However, air travelers were a select demographic group until the mid-1960s.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

By the early 1960s, 40% of US citizens (apparently the whites in the sample) had not flown in an aircraft.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

The 1960s saw an increase in travel.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

Douglas developed the DC-8 machine.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

The development effort ate up the company's finances, and the military-industrial company McDonnell took over the company.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

The DC-9 machine remained the last Douglas brand name, which it too changed to MDC in the 1980s.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

The 1970s turned air travel into a mode of movement for everyone and machine sizes increased.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

The Lockheed L-1011 remained Lockheed's last civilian product as Rolls-Royce slowed development of the plane's engines at a time when Lockheed was in financial trouble.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

Airbus Industrie emerged as a return to the oligopolistic offering of the United States and a milestone of consolidation for the Western European aircraft industry.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

Renewal of the planes has had tough boom and fall cycles, and there is speculation that the airlines have not delivered real returns on shares through their operations.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

Yet the corner takeovers of the 1980s began - after Reagan's exemption from U.S. scheduled air traffic rationing - the very airline industry.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

Structure today The aircraft is tubular in construction and the engine (s) are usually placed on the wings or in connection with the rudders.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

Aluminum, silumin, magnesium and other light metals are used as a material for aircraft.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

In addition, the latest machines (even in primary construction) also use carbon and fiberglass, as well as combinations thereof.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

There are two types of passenger aircraft according to the fuselage solution: a wide-body plane with two aisles between rows of benches in the cabin, and a narrow-body with only one aisle in the cabin.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

Passenger airliners have become widespread as a mode of travel rapidly, and passenger flights have been flown since the 1920s in Finland too.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

In the 1960s—1980s, passenger air transport workparties in Finland included Convair, Caravelle, DC-8 and DC-9 aircraft.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

Today, passenger aircraft are manufactured by Boeing and Airbus companies as the largest companies, and popular passenger aircraft include Boeing's 737, 757, 747, 767 and 777, as well as Airbus's 320 and A340 series planes.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

Since the latter part of the 1960s, many aircraft have been developed based on an existing design, due to the high cost of neo-design — and also the risk of delay.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

Airbus modularity and similar technical solutions were, from the beginning, one fundamental objective aimed at efficiency in design.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

The development of McDonnell-Douglas's DC-10 into the MD-11 and the slow development of the 1960s DC-9 into the eventual 2010s Boeing 717 can be seen as a dilution of product design and production-keeping of legacy products.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

Operation today Passenger aircraft operate at altitudes up to 13 kilometers.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

Aircraft are almost always pressurized, with exceptions small propeller planes.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

The normal range of passenger aircraft varies from thousands of kilometres up to 15,000 km.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

The latter involves the so-called long haul aircraft used to fly intercontinental flights (for example, Boeing 747 and MD11).


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

The planes are designed to carry passengers and range in capacity from a few dozen to several hundred, with the Airbus A380 to up to 800 passengers.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

In addition, the machines can carry cargo.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

Airspeed varies, but normally it is around 500 to 1,000km/h.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

In the field of environmental friendliness, there is still a lot to do on airplanes.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

The main problem is noise nuisance, in addition to which a passenger aircraft takes about 20 to 50 litres of fuel per passenger every hour.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

Airlines Passenger aircraft are normally operated by airlines.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

Scheduled traffic today covers almost the entire globe.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

Finnish airlines include Finnair, Flybe Nordic and Air Åland.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

Major airlines in the world include American Airlines, TUI, United Airlines, Delta Air Lines, Lufthansa, Air France, KLM and British Airways.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

The movement of passenger aircraft is subject to air traffic control.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

The flight crew of the passenger aircraft comprises the captain and co-pilot, and cabin staff the purser and flight attendants/stuerts who are responsible for passenger safety and flight service.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

Safety Passenger aircraft accidents always make news headlines.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

The tradition began back in the early days of aviation.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

Passenger aircraft are the safest way to travel by statistics.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

Plane crashes get a lot of attention, but in fact there are around 1000 deaths per year in accidents, compared to over half a million on the road.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

There are about two accidents per million flights.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

Most plane crashes occur due to human error, and therefore more technical assistance is constantly being developed.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

Staff on the plane are trained to take care of passenger safety.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

Today, passengers are also trained through a safety demonstration on the ground.


Question: What material is used on Finnair aircraft?

Passenger Airplane

On topic elsewhere * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

Intelligence is a concept used by everyday language and psychology to refer to an individual's ability to learn and adapt.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

Intelligence is one of the facets of talent.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

According to Linda Gottfredson's definition, intelligence is: “Intelligence is a very common ability of the mind every e.g.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

embraces the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think conceptually, understand complex ideas, learn quickly, and learn from experience.” Defining intelligence is difficult and there is no consensus.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

It is accompanied by such qualities as the ability to learn new things and apply what has been learned quickly, solve problems, behave flexibly and purposefully in new situations, and to understand and deal with abstract concepts.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

[1] Efforts have also been made to operationalise intelligence so that it can be measured by intelligence tests.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

[1] In order to measure IQ, intelligence is defined in a certain way for the test so that intelligence defined in a particular way can be measured in the test.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

Definitions Some definitions of intelligence emphasize that intelligence is related to human activity and ability to function in general, but there are also views that intelligence is an independent property or ability.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

David Weschler, who has developed intelligence tests that are widely used, has defined intelligence (1975) as “an individual's ability to understand the world around him and his resources to meet its challenges.”


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

The Finnish Lehtovaara elaborated this as follows: “the ability to act in a new situation to the end, provided that the question does not have an instinct function”.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

Spearman, in turn, has put forward a theory of the general g-factor of intelligence, which holds that intelligence is an independent property.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

This definition, too, has been translated into a number of science symposia as follows: “the mental capacity of the whole human race of the individual has become part of the individual's ability to choose correctly”.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

American psychometrics experts have, in one study, recounted their perceptions of factors embedded in intelligence.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

According to them, intelligence includes firstly the ability to reasoning, secondly, the ability to solve various problems, and thirdly, the ability to learn.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

The majority of the survey crowd (87 per cent of respondents) agreed that intelligence exists as a general concept.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

On the other hand, intelligence can also be analyzed using elements, which are also realities.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

In addition to the common, general intelligence factor g, intelligence tests can distinguish a number of components of intelligence related to, for example, mathematical-scientific, verbal or visual-technical talent.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

Robert Sternberg Robert Sternberg has put forward one known classification of intelligence.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

According to him, intelligence can be divided into three parts: Analytical intelligence is the ability to acquire, compare, and evaluate information.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

Creative intelligence is the ability to combine existing data in a new way and find fresh solutions to problems.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

Practical intelligence is coping with everyday situations, mastering social skills, and being able to apply knowledge to practical problems.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

Intelligence has been classified into seven, unrelated species by Howard Gardner Howard Gardner, in what is known as the Gardner Multi-Intelligence Theory.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

Thus understood, intelligence consists of different species of talent.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

Psychometric Perspective on Intelligence Interest in comparative psychology arose with the advent of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution in the late 19th century.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

The mathematician and naturalist Francis Galton was the first to begin to work out intelligence differences with mental tests of a psychological nature.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

Galton believed that intelligence is hereditary, and he conceived intelligence first and foremost as good perception.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

In keeping with this assumption, he tested over 9000 exhibition guests in London 1884 who were examined head size, reaction times, perceptual threshold and visual memory.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

Contrary to what Galton had assumed, the science practitioners could not be separated from the usual exhibit guest.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

Galton, however, developed the calculation of correlation and thus laid the foundations for psychometrics.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

[1] Intelligence tests began to be developed in France around the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries when universal compulsory education was introduced there.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

There were a large number of pupils and great differences in their abilities, so they could not be divided into classes based solely on age.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

The government also did not trust teacher ratings because they were feared to favour children from rich and upper-class families.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

Alfred Binet and his associates were ordered by the French education minister to develop a test to identify learning difficulties objectively.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

[2] Binet's test had a set of tasks that required reasoning and problem solving.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

The underlying assumption was that differences in learning ability were due to differences in children's development.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

Thus, the child's ability was described by intelligence age: if a child copes with tasks in which seven-year-olds on average succeed, his or her IQ is seven years.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

The test was able to predict school performance quite well.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

Binet, however, did not exactly consider what the differences between children stemmed from, and he bluntly opposed the idea of innate intelligence.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

The concept of intelligence age was not suitable for testing adults, so German psychologist William Stern changed it to IQ.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

[2] Today, tests developed by David Wechsler, have been revised and revised and adapted for different ages, are currently used in the measurement of intelligence.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

[3] In Finland, the WAIS-III test published in 2005 is used to study adults.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

[4] Intelligence Development and Eugenics According to geneticist Gerald Crabtree, the intelligence of the human species is on a downward trend and the human species is constantly becoming less intelligent.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

According to one study, Western people's intelligence has declined from the Victorian era.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

According to Crabtree, Ancient Greek would be intelligent and spiritually balanced among modern humans.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

[5] [6] [7] On the other hand, the Flynn phenomenon, which refers to the phenomenon observed in testing intelligence, has been observed that, on average, the results obtained by the population in IQ tests have risen significantly in the 20th century [8].


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

The Flynn phenomenon has been explained by environmental factors such as improvements in access and quality of education and nutrition [9] [10].


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

The reason for the downward trend in intelligence is the degeneration of the human species, meaning the gradual degeneration of genes affecting the intelligence of the human species, which would make the human species less intelligent within generations.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

Intelligence is affected by 2000-5000 genes [11].


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

In eugenics descended from the breeding of domesticated animals, one goal has been to ennoble more intelligent human specimens, as intelligence has been seen as a desirable attribute that would benefit society.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

One goal of the Eugenics Program has been to ennoble, among other things, more intelligent human individuals by preventing the reproduction of undesirable individuals.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

According to eugenicists, educating the population would be more advantageous when the population did not include people of low intellect and, moreover, less poor assistance would be needed.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

Eugenists have used intelligence tests to determine the reproductive fitness of human individuals and the unfit were sterilized or killed.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

[12] An advocate of intelligence-related eugenics has been William Shockley, who invented the transistor, who stated that the future of humanity was threatened because people with lower IQ gained more offspring than people with high IQ scores.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

This, on the other hand, would eventually lead to a lowering of humanity's IQ and the downfall of civilization.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

Shockley thought people who had low IQ or carried genetic diseases should be paid to consent to sterilization.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

[13] See also IQ Race and intelligence IQ Age Mensa Collective intelligence Sources On the topic elsewhere Book review: Old Man, Tatu: Why does China take flight and Congo not?


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

- IQ differences in societies and their consideration in development.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

East-West Books Helsinki, 2013.


Question: Who has coined the term collective intelligence?

Intelligence

(Agricola's book reviews, 24.6.2013) (Yle.fi news 14.5.2013) * Category:Cognitive neuroscience Category:Key articles in screening


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

Leopold II (Léopold Louis-Philippe Marie Victor) (9 April 1835 — 17 December 1909) was King of the Belgians from 1865 until his death.


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

[1] He succeeded his father Leopold I as ruler.


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

Outside Belgium, Leopold II is mostly remembered as the founder and sole owner of the Congo Free State.


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

The Congo Free State was a private venture — taken up by the king — to collect rubber and ivory.


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

The project was based on cruel slavery and was responsible for the deaths of millions of Africans.


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

Biographer Leopold II was born in Brussels as the second eldest but oldest surviving son of King Leopold I and Princess Louise-Marie Thérèse Charlotte Isabelle d'Orléans.


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

He joined the Belgian army at a young age and went to Brussels on 22 August 1853 to marry Marie Henriette Anne von Habsburg-Lothringen, Archduchess of Austria [2].


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

This was the daughter of Archduke Joseph of Austria (1776—1847) and her great-grandfather was Emperor Leopold II of the Holy German-Roman Empire (1747—1792).


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

Leopold II and Marie Henriette Anne had four children: [1] Louise-Marie Amélie, was born in Brussels on 18 February 1858 and died in Wiesbaden on 1 March 1924.


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

She was married to Prince Philippi of Saxe-Coburg und Gotha.


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

Leopold Ferdinand Elie Victor Albert Marie, Count of Hainaut (as eldest son of the heir to the throne), Duke of Brabant (as heir to the throne).


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

Born in Laeken on 12 June 1859 and died in Laeken on 22 January 1869 of pneumonia after falling into a pond.


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

Stéphanie Clotilde Louise Herminie Marie Charlotte, was born in Laeken on 21 May 1864 and died at Pannonhalma Monastery in Győrszentmárton, Hungary on 23 August 1945.


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

She was married to Crown Prince Rudolf of Austro-Hungary and later to Elemér Edmund, Count of Lónyay de Nagy-Lónya (since 1917, Prince of Lónyay de Nagy-Lónya et Vásáros-Namény).


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

Clémentine Albertine Marie Léopoldine, was born in Laeken on 30 July 1872 and died in Nice, France on 8 March 1955.


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

She was married to Prince Napoléon Victor Jérôme Frédéric Bonaparte (1862—1926), who was head of the House of Bonaparte.


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

Leopold II also had two out-of-wedlock sons: Lucien Philippe Marie Antoine (1906—1984) Philippe Henri Marie François (1907—1914).


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

The mother of illegitimate children was Blanche Zélia Joséphine Delacroix, also known by her name Caroline Lacroix.


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

She married the king on 12 December 1909 in a religious ceremony, which, however, was not valid under Belgian laws.


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

The ceremony took place five days before the king's death at Laeken Castle.


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

Lacroix's next husband, Antoine Durrieux, adopted the boys in 1910.


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

On 15 November 1902, Italian anarchist Gennaro Rubino tried unsuccessfully to assassinate King Leopold II, who was riding in the royal convoy to a memorial ceremony for his newly deceased wife, Marie Henriette.


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

Rubino opened fire, firing three shots towards Leopold's carriage, but none of his shots were hit and Rubino was arrested.


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

Leopold's reign was a period of heyday for the Belgian economy.


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

In domestic politics, Leopold placed particular emphasis on a strong army as a basis for neutrality [2], but he did not get the General Conscription Act into effect until his deathbed [1].


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

King Leopold II died on 17 December 1909 [3] and was buried in the tomb of the Kings of Belgium in Laeken Castle Church.


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

Private colonialism Leopold devoutly believed the colonies were the key to the country's greatness and worked tirelessly to get a colony for Belgium.


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

However, neither the Belgians nor the Belgian government were of interest to the colony, and eventually Leopold began to acquire the colony in his own name as a private citizen.


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

After several failed plans to acquire colonies in Africa or Asia, Leopold II created a private management company in 1876 disguised as the International Society for Science and Human Friendliness.


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

In 1879, in the name of the management company, he hired the famous explorer Henry Morton Stanley to establish a colony in the Congo region.


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

Diplomatic activity prompted the 1884—1885 Berlin Conference, in which representatives of 14 European countries, as well as the United States, recognized Leopold's authority over most of the territory on which he and Stanley had staked their claim.


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

As a result, on 5 July 1885, the Belgian parliament established the Congo Free State [1] (later the Belgian Congo and with independence Zaire and today the Democratic Republic of the Congo), an area 76 times the size of Belgium and ruled as his private property by Leopold II.


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

Today, events early in the Congo Free State are considered one of the worst genocides and human rights crimes in history: over 40 years, Congo's population declined from about 20 million to about 10 million.


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

Reports of gross exploitation of the indigenous population and widespread human rights crimes (including slavery, mutilation, rape and murder), particularly in the rubber industry, led to an international movement in the early 20th century.


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

Eventually, in 1908, the Belgian parliament forced the King to cede the Congo Free State to Belgium.


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

Leopold II is still a conflicted figure in Congo; in 2005, his statue was taken down just a few hours after it was re-erected in the capital, Kinshasa.


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

Christoph Muzungu, the Congolese culture minister, decided to re-erect the statue, citing the fact that people should also see the good aspects of the king in addition to the downsides.


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

But just a few hours after this six-foot statue was erected in the middle of a roundabout near Kinshasa's main train station, it was taken down without explanation.


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

Leopold II and the Belgians Many Belgians regard Leopold II as the “Builder King” (,), as he initiated several construction projects in Belgium (mainly in Brussels, Ostend and Antwerp).


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

Buildings comprise, among others, the Royal Greenhouses in Laeken (as part of the Royal Castle of Laeken), the Japanese Tower, the Chinese Pavilion, the Musée du Congo (now the Royal Museum for Central Africa) and the park surrounding it in Tervuren, the Cinquantenaire for Independence 50- anniversary monument in Brussels and Antwerp railway station.


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

He was able to erect these buildings with funds obtained from the deprivation of the Congo Free State.


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

When the Congo was transferred from Leopold to Belgium, “The Great Oblivion” occurred, as Adam Hochschild puts it in King Leopold's ghost.


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

In the words of Adam Hochschild: Congo offers a good example of the politics of forgetting.


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

Leopold and Belgian colonial officials went to great lengths in trying to erase accusatory references from history.


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

(Adam Hochschild, Ghost of King Leopold).


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

For a long time, the Royal Museum for Central Africa (Tervuren Museum) did not mention with a word the atrocities and atrocities that took place in the Congo Free State.


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

Through criticism that has been in the public eye, the history portion of the museum has been revamped in the second half of the 21st century.


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

Another example can be lodged from Blankenberge Promenade, a popular beach resort where the monument shows a colonialist at his feet with a black child (presumably bringing him “civilisation”) without any commentary, giving further illustration of “The Great Oblivion”.


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

Literature on Leopold II Many notable writers took part in international opposition to Congolese abuses, for example Arthur Conan Doyle, Booker T. Washington, as well as those mentioned below.


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

Adam Hochschild's ghost of King Leopold describes the history and atrocities of King Leopold's regime in the Congo.


Question: When did Leopold II get married?

Leopold II of Belgium

(Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hochschild, Adam| title = King Leopold's Ghost: A Story of Greed, Terror and Heroism in Colonial Africa| location = Helsinki| publisher = Oak | year=2004| version=( King Leopold's ghost: A story of greed, terror and heroism in colonial Africa, 1998.)