Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

In the late 19th century there was a shift in ship construction to steel hulls and ocean steamers without auxiliary sails.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

To secure the movement of the Grand Fleet, coal mines and railways were built across the British Empire.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Overall, however, British industry grew slowly.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The lack of science and technical training, the smallness and reluctance of English companies to invest in new products, and competitive capital markets have been attributed to the reasons.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The English were able to hold the banking and insurance business and created a global trading network.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The confidential network run from London in all these service industries was a force for Britain.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The network had access to the latest transport and information communication infrastructure.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The service sector was supported by British urbanisation, which grew the transportation and retail sector.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

By the 1870s, about 80 percent of Britons lived in cities.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

[24] German industrialisation In the 18th century German-speaking Europe was divided into many small states which were in a loose union.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

As a result, Austria and Prussia, which rose in the 18th century, competed.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Napoleon's forces conquered all of Germany and brought into force in these countries libertarian legislation, as a result of which serfdom was abolished.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The German states had split in half in terms of land ownership.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

On the west side of the Elbe River, farmers were sharecroppers and serfdom prevailed on the eastern side.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Farmers on the west side cashed in after freeing the land for themselves, while on the east side only a few were able to claim the farm and they were left as farm laborers on large farms.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

In the early part of the 19th century, bustling markets and several towns with developed trade and industry developed in the western regions.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The eastern territories were the core region of Prussia and the junkers held power there.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The region's specialization grew as Prussia sold grain to industrialising Great Britain and the western regions bought machinery and technical know-how from Great Britain and began producing machinery for the domestic market.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The transport of agricultural export trade took advantage of Germany's rivers descending into both the Baltic Sea and the North Sea.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Prussia abolished internal duties from its territories in 1818 and in 1834 the German Customs Union was entered into, which promoted internal trade.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The integration development was aided in the east-west direction by the construction of railways.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

[25] As recently as 1850, the Ruhr region was an agricultural area, but after the construction of the railways, coal mines, steel mills and machinery industry in the Ruhr region began to grow strongly.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Coal also became the raw material for the new chemical industry.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The frontman was Alfred Krupp, leader of the Krupp group.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

1851 he had exhibited a large cannon that had caused a stir at the World's Fair in London.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Krupp's new steel grades of cannons and railway stock became a great success.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

In addition to the coal, steel and machinery development hub, in Germany, banks formed large commercial banks coordinating investments.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

In England, when banks gave short-term loans and did not interfere in the business of companies, in Germany banks also granted long-term loans and could hold shares in companies.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Corporate networks formed around the banks.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The decline of major investment at the end of the 19th century led to increased competition from companies and a drop in prices.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

This led to companies working together to limit competition.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The German Empire adopted a more protectionist trade policy in 1879, motivated by US-Russian competition in the grain market.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

This turned the earlier free trade support of Prussia's ruling class, the junkers, into advocating protective tariffs.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

German companies were able to enter into official cartels regarding production quotas and prices.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The number of cartels began to grow strongly.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

In 1879, sixteen were contracted; in 1900 there were already 300; and by World War I, about 600.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

[26] German states, such as Prussia, had established universities specialising in engineering and natural sciences at an early age, and leading scientists were hired.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Universities started collaborating with industrial enterprises.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The school establishment also produced trained labor for the industry.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

At the end of the 19th century, these efforts began to produce results, supporting the rise of the electrical and chemical industries in particular.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

In the chemical industry, Germany became a leading state in the manufacture of synthetic dyes, pharmaceuticals, explosives and artificial fertilizers.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Two major cartels AEG and Siemens-Halske emerged into the electricity industry, both based in Berlin.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

[27] The industrialisation of the western regions of Germany prompted migration both within Germany and from neighbouring areas such as Poland.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Industry was concentrated in cities where new community structures were formed.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Socialist ideas gained increasing support.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

In the 1880s, Otto von Bismarck, dubbed the Iron Chancellor, sought to curb this development by pushing through new social legislation covering workers' health, accident and pension insurance.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

[28] By the beginning of the 20th century, Germany had reached England's head start, but not yet overtaken it.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

As recently as 1910, gross national product per capita was markedly lower in Germany than in England.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

England had lost a lot especially in heavy industry, where again Germany became strong.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Strength factors in England were light industry and the service sector.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

[28] With the slow industrialization of France in the 18th century, France was a great power and competed evenly with England for domination of the seas.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

In terms of population, France was the second largest in Europe after Russia.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

In scientific development, France was a leading state still in the 18th century and machines that significantly influenced industry were developed there, such as, for example, the ribbon-controlled pattern weaving machine, the so-called Jacquard weaving machine.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Under Napoleon, France managed to conquer much of Europe in the early 19th century.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

However, the development of France was significantly slower in the 19th century than that of neighboring countries.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The German—French War of 1870-71 exposed France's weak technological level.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Statistically, the French economy grew at a rate of 1.2% per year between 1820-1910, compared to 1.3% growth in Germany.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

This small difference became significant in the long run and Germany overtook France in gross national income.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The French population did little to increase throughout the 19th century.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Of the French population still at the turn of the 20th century, two-thirds lived in rural areas.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

[29] French population growth and industrialization were linked to French land ownership conditions.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

During the Napoleonic period, small farmers in France gained title to their lands.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Equal inheritance rights for siblings were also enacted, with farms being subdivided into ever smaller columns.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Farm productivity was left poor and agriculture tied up a lot of labor.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Due to transportation costs, agricultural markets were undeveloped.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Small farms had almost no chance of providing for large families and population growth was left weak.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

In rural areas there was enough seasonally cheap labour, which kept the cost system alive for a long time.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Towns, on the other hand, suffered labour shortages, which pushed up wages.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

As a result, the manufacture of luxury goods such as fashion clothing developed in France.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

When population growth was slow, the maintenance burden remained small.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Likewise, you didn't have to invest much in building cities.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The consequence of this was that capital began to pile up in French banks.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

These were used to finance industrialization development in other countries.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

[30] French industry also grew in the 19th century.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Railway construction began in the mid-19th century and accelerated at the turn of the 20th century.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The French State built a radially ground-wide trunk rail network from Paris, connecting the economy and making the internal market more efficient.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

However, French development remained netting until the First World War.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Agricultural protective tariffs introduced in the 1880s emphasized these features.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

[31] Russian modernization and the beginning of industrialization Russia was one of the great powers of Europe in the 19th century.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

It had the largest population, rapid population growth and the widest area, but at the same time it was also among the poorest in Europe and long maintained serfdom, the leadership of the nobility and the backwardness of farming.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

In the 1850s Russia lost the Crimean War, which was a shock to the nation and it instituted state reforms.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Tsar Alexander II abolished serfdom in 1861, with the goal of improving the will of defense and popular unity.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The serfs of the Tsarist had to pay tax on the land they possessed in the future and serfs of the nobility gained the right to redeem their lands.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Few serfs of the nobility had opportunities for this, allowing the state to offer a loan.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

As the nobility opposed the reform, it proceeded slowly and its terms were changed to be more favourable to the nobility.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Taxation was handled on a village-by-village basis and if you wanted to move out of the village, you had to pay in advance a few years' taxes.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

This system did not support land migration; the peasants continued to live on small farms and undeveloped farming methods, as one could not afford to acquire new tools or drag parties.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Large farms were preserved and, due to cheap labour, they had no need to invest in farming development.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

[32] Railways to Russia began to be built to a larger extent in the 1870s.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

This opened up export to grain production from the vast steppe and became an important source of income that supported industrialization.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Railroad construction accelerated in the 1890s supporting what is now heavy industry.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

In the early 20th century, Russia's railway network was the most extensive in Europe


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

It connected mineral mines in Siberia, cotton fields in Central Asia, oil production in the Caucasus, coal mines in the Donetsk region and industrial areas of Moscow and Saint Petersburg.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

In the 1890s, competition in the international grain market intensified, threatening to create a trade deficit.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Because of this, extensive customs protection was introduced in Russia to support domestic production.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

[33] Heavy industry was emphasized in the industrialisation of Russia.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

In the 1880s, iron ore was found in Ukraine, triggering strong economic growth in southern Russia.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

In a short period of time, several steel smelters were built in the Donetsk region, utilizing the latest Western technology.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Steel was needed to build railroads, ships and guns.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The industry grew 8% year over year.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Russia had little domestic capital to invest in industry, thus forming foreign investors and the state as the main investors.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The state also took out foreign borrowing by selling a government bond.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Some countries, especially France, were encouraged to invest in Russia for political reasons.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

In Russia, the state became the main financier of major industry, and also a customer.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The state also engaged in business activities on the railways.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The great role of the state did not completely shut down the development of the free market.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The initial phase of industrialization also brought textile industry to Russia, focused on the domestic market.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

After the peasant revolts in 1905, Prime Minister Pyotr Stolypin instituted land reform according to Western European models.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

It sought to lay the way for privately owned agriculture.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Thanks to the reform, the most prosperous peasants, kulaks were able to expand their holdings.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

[34] With the industrialization of North America in the 19th century, North America grew into a leading region of the global economy.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The US population grew larger than Britain in the 1850s.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

In the 1870s, U.S. gross domestic product and, after the beginning of the 20th century, gross domestic product per capita overtook Britain.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Migration from Europe increased after the 1820s.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The Great Irish Famine of the 1840s accelerated US population growth.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

As the colonists outnumbered the population, so too did the birth rate in North America high.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

On average, population growth was 2.5% per year.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Canada's significantly smaller economy followed U.S. developments.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

[35] There were three explanatory reasons for US growth.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The United States Constitution combined the achievements of the English Industrial Revolution and the Great French Revolution.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The spirit of the law was the principles of market economics, private ownership, and liberalism.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The remnants of feudalism and land ownership in the United States did not slow the development of capitalism.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

You didn't have to pay for land, you got it by invading.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The original population was driven off their lands by industrially manufactured weapons.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Another factor was the abundant natural resources of North America, but persistent labor shortages.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The alternative to wage labour was farming, as land was available, resulting in higher wages than Europe.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Many attempts were made to save work, and on the other hand, natural resources were wasted.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The need for capital also increased and capital was invested throughout 19th century Europe in the United States.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The third factor was knowledge.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The migrants were knowledgeable and enterprising because the most enterprising people dare to leave for a new country.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The less enterprising are easily left in the homeland.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The United States implemented ideas of the Enlightenment period, which included equality and universal schooling.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

With education and comprehensive literacy, the unity of the people was created.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

In the late 19th century, American universities and research institutes grew in importance as industry began to tap into scientific knowledge.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

[36] Even in the early stages of U.S. development, there were regional differences.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

First the populated east coast northeast region, “New England”, began to industrialize.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

A breakthrough in the development of the region was the completion of the Erie Canal in 1825, followed by the opening of an economic transportation route to the Great Lakes and Mississippi and, at the same time, the prairie beyond the Appalachians.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

New York City, due to the canal, became an important port for westward migration.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The western part of the United States was dominated by agriculture, grain cultivation, and cattle grazing.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

At the southern end of the east coast, the Confederate States evolved to cultivate cotton and tobacco as raw materials for English and European industry.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Cotton farming got off the ground in the early 19th century when Eli Whitney developed a cottonseed separating device known as the cotton trap, or cotton gin.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

In the Americas, the cultivable cotton variety contained so many seeds that it was not worth cultivating until the introduction of the cotton trap.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

By the middle of the 19th century, the United States was producing two-thirds of the world's cotton, supporting England's emerging textile industry.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

This made the Southern States, and especially the owners of its plantation, rich.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The middle class was left weak because plantation farming was based on slave labor.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

To the south, corned beef and grain were imported from the west along the Mississippi and industrial goods from the north and Europe.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

[37] [38] The slave economy drove the Northern and Confederate states into conflict, which escalated into the Civil War of 1861.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Before cotton farming began, slavery was permitted in only six states; by the start of the Civil War, slavery was permitted in 15 states.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

In the early 19th century, the import of slaves was banned and at the same time demand for slaves increased in the South.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

This led to an increase in the price of slaves, as a result of which slaves began to be exported from north to south.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

As slaves declined in the North, the use of slaves became morally reprehensible and in the northern states slavery was outlawed.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The issue of slavery always escalated for the new Southern states, with Confederate plantation owners wanting to spread westward, while northerners wanted to colonize the West with free agriculture.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Over time, the United States split in two.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

As a result of the Civil War, slaves were freed and U.S. development gravitated towards industry


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

[39] Following the victory of the Northern States, policies towards industrialisation began to be implemented in the United States.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The Homestead Act was drafted, bringing the settler's farm to about 65 hectares in size.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The law favored family farming and indirectly the agricultural tool and machinery industry.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

In 1869, a railroad line from the West Coast to the East Coast was opened, bringing the vast areas west of the Mississippi River into the realm of agriculture and contributing to migration westward.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The market expanded to include industries as well as agricultural products.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Continuously increasing migration to the United States increased and reached a maximum before World War I, thus reaching over one million lives per year.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The United States began to protect its industry with high tariffs.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

In the United States, the main features of industrial development were labor-saving innovations, standardization, and large-scale production.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

[40] Due to labour shortages, the price of labour was high, which was attempted to replace with machinery, both in agriculture and in industry.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

To make agriculture more efficient, the industry developed planters, mowers, and combine harvesters that enabled farmers in the Americas to farm significantly larger areas than Europeans.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

US advanced agricultural machinery then took over the European market as well.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Another industry that benefited from strong agriculture was the food industry.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Slaughterhouses began in 1830 to apply a conveyor belt to move animal carcasses and pieces of meat from one work station to another, allowing a person specialising in cutting certain parts of the carcass to remain in place.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

In Europe, low-skilled tasks such as in-factory transport were handled by children.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

There was not much use of child labour in the United States, as efforts were made to get children in the northern states into school.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

[41] The United States became a unified market with a solvent broad middle class.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Continent-wide unified products were formed on this basis, from which brands were formed.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Standardized and standard quality products became a distinctive feature.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

One example are blue station wagon trousers, “jeans”.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Station wagons were among the first ready-made clothes and initially a large number of users were slaves.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

In the 19th century, people's clothes were made to their dimensions either at home or made by a tailor.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

After the Civil War, these trousers became farmers' work clothes.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The interchangeability of parts was an important feature and was supported by increasingly precise machine tools.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Combustion and electric motors introduced in factories helped plan production more freely, as propulsion was no longer transferred by the factory-sized power shaft and belts to the workstations.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The pinnacle of its time was T-Ford's conveyor belt production and standardised parts for the car.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The rationale behind job sharing and job simplification was also that at the end of the 19th century, an increasing proportion of immigrants were from non-English-speaking countries and had no experience of industrial work.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

[42] Large markets to which uniform products were sold led to large companies.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Subcontracting networks also began to develop as companies specialized.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Typical early mechanical engineering subcontracting parts were electric motors, which companies were not worth making themselves.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The development of transport links, such as telephones and steel-built motor ships, favoured this development.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

In the management of large corporations, the model was taken of hierarchically organised railway companies capable of dominating continent-wide operations.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

On the other hand, when competition was unregulated, John D. Rockefeller, for example, was able to control the transportation of oil by gaining control over the transportation of oil and gained control over oil refining.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The advantage of large production was that, for example, the price of light-petrol fell by 75% in a couple of decades after the Civil War.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Rockefeller-owned Standard Oil gained control of nearly 95% of the oil refining business.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

In steel production, new methods favor large plants.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Andrew Carnegie, for example, created a large steel company.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

His rival emerged as the financial company J.P.Morgan Company, which formed a consortium in the sector and created monopolistic competition.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Carniegie and Morgan were mired in conflict, triggered by the 1901 merger, creating U.S. Steel with a few other investors into a holding company that controlled pretty much all U.S. steel production.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

For the beginning of the 20th century, the formation of large enterprises in a way that was completely new in economic history.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

[43] Societal tensions began to rise in the late 19th century despite economic success.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Agricultural land was no longer divisible as before and growing immigration began to produce wage-trampling laborers in the cities.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Industrial workers began to criticize immigration.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Farmers were forced to live at the mercy of swinging world prices and their livelihoods too became more precarious.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The formation of monopolistic large-scale industries gave rise to movements that opposed this development and the growth of power in financial capital.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Due to labor shortages, the United States had enjoyed a fairly flat income distribution compared to Europe.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The reorganisation of industrial work into smaller and less skilled parts kept wage trends weak.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

At the same time, the class of industrial labour and the number of people on low incomes grew, contrasting with the high wages of those at the top of society and in the financial sphere.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Blacks in the Confederate States remained poor as workers in the cotton fields and textile industries.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

At the end of the 19th century, the white population began a policy of racial


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

In the early 20th century, new populist popular movements attracted attention.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

These stressed the role of the countryside relative to the cities and criticized the banks as well as the financiers.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

In particular, they opposed the gold standard, which prevented monetary policy from being used to support growth and making cheap loans to farmers.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

A leading figure in this movement was William Jennings Bryan, who in an 1896 speech warned humanity against nailing itself to the cross of gold.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

[44] Japan's opening up and industrialization of Asia as a continent lagged behind the Western world.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

In 1700, Asia was home to two-thirds of the people of the world, but at the end of the 19th century no more half


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The Asian economy did little to grow in the 19th century and per capita income even fell.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The exception was Japan, which as the first country outside the European cultural sphere began independent industrialization in the late 19th century.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

By the early 19th century, Japan's economy had been very similar to that of China based on small family farms that cultivated rice.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Rice farming is difficult to mechanize.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Cultivation had been intensified with new varieties of Chinese in the 17th century, which had helped with population growth.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Rice farming work methods had been developed to improve productivity.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Edo (Tokyo) had grown into a city of millions, favouring intensive farming in its surroundings.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

As an island nation, Japan was able to handle transports by ships, but land transport was troublesome.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

On military grounds, the use of even wheeled carriages and the construction of bridges was prohibited.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The land was divided into over 200 fiefdoms on feudal principles, and the Edon Shōgun kept the administration in order.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The country isolated itself from the rest of the world by banning trade and connection.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

[45] In 1853, American Lieutenant Commander Matthew Perry sailed with his fleet to the port of Edo, forcing Japan to end its isolation.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Japan was forced to enter into free trade agreements and foreign merchants were given special privileges at ports.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Japan was then in danger of being subjected to the same foreign powers as China.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

A popular movement rose against the ruling Tokugawa shōgunate, driven by wealthy merchants, particularly the Mitsui trading house.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

This brought back power to the emperor in the Meiji Restoration of 1868.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

After this, a new era began and the Japanese adopted American paragons, as well as adapting them to their own needs.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The feudal systems were repealed and a conscription army was established, to which many samurai moved.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The fleet was created according to the British model.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Farmers had to pay their taxes in cash, contributing to the commercialization of agriculture.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The tax was calculated on acreage, so productive farmers paid proportionally less.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The liberalisation of land trade allowed property to be pawned and gave rise to capital markets.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Until World War I, agriculture grew at the same rate as industry.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Japan derived most of its export earnings from agricultural products.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

During the 1850s, during the silkworm pest that broke out in France and later spread to Kinna, Japan was able to protect its own production with the help of its administration.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

To produce better silk yarn, the state established model framers powered by steam engines.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

In 1860, China had dominated the silk market, exporting ten times more than Japan, but in 1913 the parts had changed.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

[46] Free trade brought English cotton textiles to Japan, with which rural handicrafts had to compete.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

With government support, new cotton-spinning mills were launched, employing the plentiful and inexpensive female workforce of the countryside.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

These weavers first took over the domestic market and then, after the turn of the 20th century, began to export to China and Korea.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Japan or markets from British, Indian and Chinese industries.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

State-run was also supplied in heavy industry.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

A shipyard industry and merchant marine were built so that coal and iron could be imported, as these could not be found in Japan.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The state also established armaments factories and mechanical machine shops and steel production in connection with them.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

After the companies achieved profitability, they were sold to private.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The state helped the formation of large conglomerate groups, the zaibatsu, one example of which is Mitsubishi.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

As population and industry grew, from 1870 until World War I, Japan suffered from a trade deficit when investment needs in such industrial machinery and infrastructure were great.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

A major investment made by state force was the construction of the railway network.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Japan needed foreign capital.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

However, foreigners were not willingly allowed to invest directly in Japan; instead, the state took out loans.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

By World War I, Japan's heavy industry was able to satisfy domestic demand.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

[47] As a result of the reforms, the Japanese population began to grow.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

In 1870, the population numbered about 30 million, in what number it had remained for several centuries.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Growth was now rapid and in 1890 there were already 40 million people and 54 million when the First World War broke out.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

[48] Japan had previously had schools associated with Buddhist temples and at the beginning of the 19th century it was estimated that about 40% of men and 20% of women were literate.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

This aided in the spread of knowledge when information had to be passed on to the people.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The information was acquired by numerous delegations sent by the Japanese government to Europe and the United States to familiarize themselves with their armies, school establishment, administration, agriculture and industry.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

In the 1880s, four-year primary school became compulsory for all and in the early 20th century it was extended to six years.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Secondary schools were also launched where, in 1910, about 20% of young people continued.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

As early as the 1870s, technical colleges had been established and universities founded on the American model began to grow starting in the 1890s.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

Japan's isolationism had ended, but after gaining a lead over its neighbours China and Russia, it began to exert appetite for expansion towards these.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

In the 1890s Sino-Japanese War, Japan gained control of Korea and Taiwan, as well as gaining access to the Chinese market.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

The Russo-Japanese War of 1904—1905 brought Japan access to Manchurian raw material and food reserves.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

In this war, an outside power defeated a European state for the first time in modern times, causing shock in the West.


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

[49] See also History of Japan Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Bryson, Bill| title= In!


Question: What other name is called the First Boer War?

Second Industrial Revolution

A brief history of almost everything inside| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2010| id = ISBN 978-951-0-36967-8| page = 401-408}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hovi, Kalervo| title = Little Giant of World History | number = Vienna Congress to first world war| location = Porvoo| publisher = WSOY| year = 1988| id = ISBN 951-0-15101-1| pages = 646—721}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Schön, Lennart| title = World Economic History, Industrial Era | location = Tampere| publisher = Cooperative Evaspois| year 201201|year = 3| id = ISBN 978-951-768-380-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Virtanen, Keijo| title = Little Giant of World History | number = Industrial and Cultural Revolution| location = Porvoo| publisher = WSOY| year = 1988| id = ISBN 951-0-15101-1| pages = 724—809}} Equipment Category:History of Technology Class:Industrial History


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Thumb|Finnair headquarters — House of Travel and Transportation (HOTT).


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Thumb|Finnair Lounge at Helsinki Airport Terminal 2. Tumbnail image|Finnair Airbus A320-214.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Finnair is a Finnish airline that operates scheduled and holiday air services in Finland's internal and international markets.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

The company was founded on 1 November 1923 under the name Aero O/Y, hence the symbol AY for Finnair flights.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Finnair is the fifth oldest of the airlines still operating in the world.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

[1] In 2016, the Finnish State owns 56% of Finnair.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

[2] The activities of the Finnair Group are scheduled and holiday operations, technical and ground services, catering, travel agencies and information and booking services in the tourism sector.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

The Finnair Group employed 4817 people at the end of 2015.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Finnair specializes in passenger and scheduled transport between Asia and Europe, where Helsinki's geographical location gives it a competitive advantage.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

[3] Finnair has been privileged for a long time as the only company operating from Finland to use Russian airspace for overflights to third countries, based initially on a bilateral air service agreement between Finland and the Soviet Union and subsequently pursued by Finland and Russia.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

The agreement requires that the Finnish state or Finnish investors have a holding of more than 50% in Finnair.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

[2] Ownership Finnair is a public limited liability company, in which the Finnish State owns the majority (55,81%) [4].


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

The company is therefore a state company.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Other shares are divided between insurance companies, other companies, as well as private.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

The holding register represents 8.6per cent of the shares.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

[4] The share is listed on the Helsinki Stock Exchange, where the company was listed in 1989.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Finnair is based in Helsinki, [5] but is headquartered in Vantaa.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

[6] Subsidiaries Finnair's subsidiaries include Aurinmatkat, Suomen Travel Agency and ground service company Northport.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

In autumn 2003, Finnair acquired the Swedish airline Nordic Airlink, from which it modified the FlyNordic low-cost airline.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

In June 2007, Finnair sold its Swedish subsidiary, FlyNordic, to Norwegian low-cost carrier Norwegian Air Shuttle.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

The transaction was executed in the form of a share exchange.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

As a result of the deal, Finnair became the second largest owner of Norwegian.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

In April 2013, Finnair sold its entire holding of 16,49862 shares, or 4.69% of Norwegian's common stock.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

The shares were sold for around EUR 53 million, of which Finnair made a profit of EUR 34 million.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

In September 2010, the company acquired a minority stake in Finncomm Airlines and at the same time acquired ownership of all 12 ATR aircraft from Finncomm.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

The charter of incorporation of Historia Aero O/Y was signed in Helsinki on 12 September 1923.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

At the AGM on 1 November of the same year, a decision was made to commence operations.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

[7] [8] The company was entered in the Trade Register on 11 December 1923, [5] although some sources indicate that this happened as early as 9.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

on October.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

[7] [8] 50% of the company's shares were held by German aircraft manufacturer Junkers.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

The company's first flight departed on 20 March 1924 at 3:40pm from Helsinki.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

The flight to Tallinn was made using a Junkers F-13 aircraft.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

[8] [9] [10] According to A. T. Virkkunen, the first flight would have been flown on 11 February 1924 [11] The aircraft used by Aero were all seaplanes taking off from Katajanokka.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

In winter, the planes flew off sea ice in ski gear.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Air traffic was directed only to Tallinn and Stockholm in cooperation with the Swedish company Aerotransport (ABA). [12].


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

There were two accidents for Aero Ltd.'s Junkers F-13 planes in 1927 and one in 1928.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

K-SALA and K-SALB were destroyed, passengers injured.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

K-SALD disappeared on a flight to Tallinn, the crew and two passengers perished [13].


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

1930s In 1935, Aero Ltd's Junkers F-13 was destroyed near Tallinn.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

The captain, mechanic and four passengers were killed [14].


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

In 1936, Helsinki Malmi and Turku Artukaisten International Airports were completed, which were the first land fields for civil air traffic in Finland.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Aero purchased two de Havilland Dragon Rapide machines, which received the names “Lightning” and “Lapland”.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

They started domestic traffic in 1937 on the Helsinki—Vyborg and Helsinki—Tampere routes.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

The route to Vyborg Suur-Merijoki Airport was lengthened in 1938 to Imatra.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

The northbound route was lengthened in 1938 to Vaasa, 1939 to Kemi and 1940 to Petsamo.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Domestic transport operated only during the summer.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

The company switched to using larger Junkers machines in the 1930s, when it had the Ju-52 machines “Sampo”, “Kaleva” and “Karjala” in service.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

In 1938, Aero opened a route to Berlin.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

The Polish Lot company enabled transport from Helsinki to Warsaw.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

In early 1939, Aero placed an order for two four-engined Focke-Wulf Fw 200 Condor passenger aircraft, which however were never put into service.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

1940s During the Winter War, air operations from Helsinki were too dangerous for civilian aircraft.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Aero's temporary foreign routes, mostly those used by diplomatic transport, were directed from Vaasa via Sundsvall to Stockholm.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

After the end of the Winter War, flights from Helsinki began again.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

During the intermediate peace on 14 June 1940, two Soviet Tupolev SB-2 bombers shot down an Aeron Junkers Ju52-3/MGE aircraft (OH-ALL Kaleva) over the Gulf of Finland off Tallinn.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

In 1941, the company purchased two Douglas DC-2 aircraft, receiving the names “Sisu” and “Voima”.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

During the Continuation War, Aero flew to Tallinn, Stockholm and Berlin, among others.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Some of the company's aircraft had been deployed by the Finnish Air Force.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

The Moscow Intermediate Peace Treaty suspended air traffic in Finland on September 21, 1944.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

A partial resumption of operations began in the spring of 1945.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

However, Helsinki-Malmi Airport was occupied by the Allied Control Commission.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Aero's operations were transferred to Hyvinkää Airport.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

[15] After the war, Aero acquired surplus aircraft from the United States Air Force for its submission to Europe to operate Douglas C-47 (DC-3) aircraft.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

They were used to open air services to Stockholm and Copenhagen.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

In 1946, Aero's share majority passed to the Finnish state.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

The remaining 30% of the shares were distributed by private shareholders, who were essentially corporations.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

In the 1950s, after the completion of Helsinki-Vantaa Airport, then Helsinki Airport, in 1952, it became the home ground of Aero.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

In 1953, Finnair was introduced as the company's marketing name, and the Dakotas inherited from the U.S. Army were replaced by Convair 340 and 440 machines.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Aero received use of a new hangar at Seutula in November 1955.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

The hall, which had a length of 150 metres, a width of 50 metres and a door height of 10.5 metres, could accommodate 12 Convair Metropolitan planes.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

The old wooden three-machine hall was used by Veljkset Karhumäki company.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

[16] In 1956, Aero opened a route to Moscow, and already the following year added Frankfurt, Cologne, Basel and Geneva to the range.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

1960s In 1960, Aero entered the jet era when it introduced its first Sud SE-210 Caravelle aircraft.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

On 3 January 1961, a plane crash that claimed fatalities occurred when a DC-3 (OH-LCC) crashed in Koivulahti.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

According to a report by the board investigating the incident, the most likely cause of the accident was a steering error, contributed to by alcoholic beverages consumed by the pilot and co-pilot the night and night before the accident, as well as supervision.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

[17] Another plane crash that claimed casualties occurred on 8 November 1963: an Aeron DC-3 (OH-LCA) crashed in Mariehamn.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Among other things, poor visibility and a faulty altimeter contributed to the accident.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

[18] In 1963, the group's tour operator company, Aurunmatkat, was founded, and around the same time Aero took over the flight operations of Veljkset Karhumäki, which was also in trouble.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

In 1964, the Finnair Aviation College was established, and in 1968 the Finnair name previously only used for marketing purposes was formalised.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

In 1969, Finnair took over its first long-haul jet, the Douglas DC-8.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

The new type of aircraft was used mainly on flights to the United States, but were also accompanied by charter flights mainly to the Mediterranean and the Canary Islands.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

1970s In 1975, Finnair introduced its first wide-body aircraft, the McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30; in addition to Tokyo, the type was used specifically on routes to New York and the U.S. West Coast.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Finnair's first DC-9s were introduced starting in 1971, progressively replacing the Caravelle fleet.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

The first to arrive were specimens of the DC9-14 series known as “tumppiys”, starting from the registry OH-LYA.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

During its history, Finnair operated models DC-9-14 (OH-LYA-LYK), DC9-40 (OH-LNA-LNF) and DC9-50/51 (OH-LYN-LYZ), that is, all but the DC9-30 model considered to be the base model of the series and only the DC9-20 model made on special request for SAS.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

[19] Oulu plane hijacking In 1978, businessman Aarno Lamminparras hijacked a Finnair passenger plane en route from Oulu to Helsinki on 30 September.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

In Helsinki, he freed most of the hostages.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Next, the plane flew again to Oulu, where the demanded ransom money was delivered to the hijacker.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

The plane then flew back to Helsinki, where the remaining passengers were released.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Lamminparras forced the plane to fly to Amsterdam, where they were refueling.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

From there the plane returned to Helsinki and on to Oulu.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

There, the hijacker disembarked the aircraft and promised to surrender on October 2 to authorities.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Suspecting the man's pledge to surrender, police decided to carry out a sudden visit to the man's apartment on October 1, and he surrendered immediately.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

No one was injured in the hijacking drama.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

1980s In the early 1980s Finnair took over its first MD-80 series machines.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

In 1983, the company started nonstop Helsinki—Tokyo flights using a DC-10-30ER.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

At the same time, it became the world's first airline to fly without a stopover from Western Europe to Japan.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

For a long time, Helsinki—Tokyo was the longest route flown by DC-10 in the world.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Finnair's last scheduled Caravelle flight was operated on 30 April 1983, with Tauno Rajakangas having experienced the Oulu aircraft hijacking between Monastir-Helsinki as the OH-LSD “Oulu” plane.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Rajakangas was the company's most experienced Caravelle pilot, by 1983 hours on the plane accumulated over 9000.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

[20] In 1987, the Soviet Union fired a missile at Finnair Flight AY 915 coming out of Tokyo, which exploded just less than half a minute after it would have hit the plane.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

The plane was carrying 201 passengers and 18 crew members.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

The case was not reported at the time and only became public in 2014.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

[21] In 1988, Finnair started flights on the Helsinki—Beijing route, making Finnair the first Western European airline to fly directly from Europe to China.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

In 1980, the company began publishing the cabin magazine Blue Wings.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

[22] 1990s Finnair's 1990s began as a new machine type winged after the wide-body McDonnell Douglas MD-11 model entered the company's fleet in December 1990.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

The economic depression of the early 1990s and the Gulf War that had just begun reduced air travel considerably, causing financial difficulties for Finnair.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

After 21 years of service, the DC-10 left the Finnair fleet in May 1996 [23], and the subsidiaries Karair and Finnaviation were merged into the Finnair parent company in the autumn of the same year.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

On 25 September 1997, the official name of the company became Finnair Plc.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

On the same occasion, Finnair introduced a new layout for its machines with the advent of the new Boeing 757 type.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

With the B757, the operation of this machine type, which was mainly acquired for holiday use, was differentiated to its own unit called Finnair Lomalennot.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Finnair received a total of 5 B757-2QB machines with registration IDs OH-LBO, -R, -T, -S and -U given in alphabetical order according to the nickname of the first B757 group manager Jouko “Ortsu” Ortamala.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

The planes operated irregularly not only holiday flights, but also long-distance routes, for example New York and Toronto.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Smoking was banned on most Finnair flights in spring 1997, although on domestic flights and short flights within the Nordic countries, smoking was already banned in the 1980s.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

The last to become smoke-free were Japanese flights on 28 March 1999.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

[24] In 1999, Finnair joined the Oneworld alliance and began a major fleet overhaul, replacing its DC-9 variants with Airbus A320 series models.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

In early 1999, Trimble 2101 I/O Approach Plus GPS receivers supplied by the American company Trimble were installed on the remaining DC-9-51 machines, which extended their service life as Finland adopted satellite-based instrument airbus structures at the turn of the millennium.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

[25] [26] 2000s In 2001, Finnair recycled its original name by establishing an airline in Estonia called Aero Airlines.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

After the September 11 attacks, all Finnair planes were fitted with a burglar proof cockpit.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

On April 1, 2003, Finnair issued a profit warning due to a loss making result and announced that it would start YT negotiations to cut 1200 employees.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

[27] Finnair abandoned its long-serving DC-9 aircraft at the end of July 2003, moving to Khors Air in Guatemala and Ukraine.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

The last flight was operated with shift number AY 389 from Kuusamo via Kajaani to Helsinki by OH-LYX with Group Manager Juha Tiilikka as Head of Team.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

[28] In 2004, Finnair acquired a small airline based in Sweden called Nordic Airlink, which was converted to Flynordic as a scheduled airline with a low-cost concept with its main location at Arlanda Airport in Stockholm.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

The company announced in March 2006 that it would stop selling so-called 'sudden departure' flights.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Sudden departures were flights that the company sold cheaply a few days before the departure date to fill all seats on the flights.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

The departures changed weekly and went on sale on Tuesdays were Finnair's most popular online service, which was in use for six years.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

In 2006, Finnair abandoned its MD-80 fleet after 23 years of service.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

The last flight was operated by OH-LMX on July 3, 2006.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

The plane was delivered to the company in 1990.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Thus, the DC-9 and its follow-up remakes lasted 35 years (1971-2006).


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Finnair sold its Swedish subsidiary FlyNordic to Norwegian low-cost carrier Norwegian Air Shuttle in July 2007.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

In return, Finnair received about five per cent of Norwegian shares.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

In 2008, Aero Airlines AS, a subsidiary of Finnair, ceased operations.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

According to research conducted by AEA, in 2007 Finnair was the fifth most punctual airline in Europe with Turkish Airlines with 83.6 punctuality.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Their schedules were better liked (ranked) by Czech ČSA, Belgian Brussels Airlines, Hungarian Malév and Austrian Airlines.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

In 2013, 89% of all Finnair flights arrived on schedule.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

[29] On November 16, 2009, a strike by Finnair pilots began in response to the company's actions to improve profitability.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Amongst the points of contention were the outsourcing of pilot job duties.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

The strike caused millions of euros in damages to the airline, which lost profitability.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

[30] The strike ended in two days when the two sides reached an agreement on wage cuts and productivity-boosting working conditions.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

[31] The salaries of cabin staff and technical personnel were reduced by a total of EUR 26 million.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

The company's management also decreased its salary by five per cent.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Following the announcement of his resignation in August 2009, the 18 members of the company's management team and those identified as key personnel were promised a total of EUR 2.8 million if they continue in the company for the next period of the change of CEO.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Four of the key figures subsequently resigned after the engagement period expired.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

[32] 2010s In connection with the strike of Finnair cabin staff which started on 30 November 2010, the company's CEO Mika Vehviläinen — citing the competitive situation and the level of expenses in air transport — considered that workers should compromise their terms of employment or else work would be forced to work to move cheap labor to countries.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

[33] In the spring of 2011, there were plenty of changes of directors at the company.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Arja Suominen, who was responsible for Nokia's global communications, joined Finnair while Christer Haglund, who served as Director of Communications, took over as CEO of Finnish Fair.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Haglund was among the 18 people who were paid an extra bonus by Finnair's board to commit key personnel to remain with Finnair for the overspending period of the change of CEO.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

In connection with the news on commitment bonuses, Iltalehti also listed the earnings of some of Finnair's directors for 2008, which included incentive awards based on the previous year's performance.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Admittedly, 2008 earnings were not related to commitment bonuses.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Haglund's total earnings in 2008 were €366575.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

[32] Taneli Hassinen, Director of Investor Relations, took over as Director of Communications and Marketing at SRV in March 2011.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Lasse Heinonen, Vice President and CEO, resigned from Finnair in mid-May 2011 and took over as Chief Financial Officer of Tieto.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Heinonen's total earnings in 2008 amounted to EUR 422000.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

[32] On 15 March 2012, Heidi Hautala, the Minister for Corporate Governance in the Katainen Government, announced that she would demand the resignation of the members who decided on stay-bonuses of the Finnair board.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

[34] On the same day, Helsingin Sanomat had announced that CEO Mika Vehviläinen had received a signing bonus of EUR 180000 as a compensation for the loss of incentive awards related to the previous employment relationship.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

[35] On April 11, 2012, Finnair announced its intentions to outsource engine and equipment maintenance.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Finnair and Swiss company SR Technics have signed a letter of intent whereby Finnair will acquire engine and equipment maintenance services for machinery from the Swiss company.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Cooperation with SR Technics effectively means terminating Finnair's own engine service operations and adapting equipment maintenance operations.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Outsourcing equipment and engine maintenance is part of an austerity plan targeting savings of 140 million euros.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

On April 17, 2012, Finnair entered into cooperation negotiations with staff on these plans and as a result of negotiations that ended in early July, Finnair announced that it was laying off 280 employees from equipment and engine service.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

[36] A total of 350 people were employed in maintenance at that time.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

On 19 January 2014 Finnair operated its last B757-200 flight between Fuerteventura-Helsinki, captained by Mauri Pänkäläinen who started his career at Caravelle, who was one of the company's most experienced pilots with over 25,000 hours of flying experience when he retired at the age of 61.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Pänkäläinen's overall career, measured in years of service, is one of the longest in the company's history, and he was active in the B757 group throughout the history of the machine, since 1997.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

[37] After the removal of the plane type, Finnair Flight Academy offered experience flights to the general public with its B757 simulator, among others Pänkäläinen and the then team manager Ari Jaala.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

[38] [39] The B757 fleet has been replaced by the A321-231, or A321ER, specimens of which the company has received in 2014-18 (OH-LZG-LZU).


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

The machines have wingtip fins (sharklet), auxiliary fuel tanks and redesigned cockpit avionics, but e.g.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

the entertainment system has been abandoned in order to save weight.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

[40] Thumbnail image|Finnair's Airbus A340 aircraft in Poppy, Finnair plans to acquire 19 long-range Airbus A350 XWB aircraft from 2015 to 2023, of which it received its first use on 7 October 2015.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

[3] In July 2016, Finnair announced that it would bring wireless networking to its entire long-haul fleet in May 2017.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

[41] Governors and Managing Directors 1923—1929 Bruno Lucander 1929—1945 Gunnar Ståhle 1946—1947 Acting Directors C. J. Ehrnrooth and Uolevi Raade 1947—1960 Leonard Grandell 1960—1987 Gunnar Korhonen, CEO, then full-time Chairman of the Board [42] [43] 1985—1990 Risto Ojanen, CEO 1987—1998 Antti Potila, Director-General [43] 1999—2005 Keijo Suila, Director-General 2006—2010 Jukka Hienonen, Managing Director 2010—2013 [44] Mika Vehviläinen 2013—2018 Pekka Vavamo 2019— Topi Manner [45] Fleet Central Fleet Operated by Finnair age was 9.2 years in March 2016.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

[46] Finnair has a binding order for the acquisition of 19 Airbus A350 aircraft.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

The new A350 planes will join Finnair's long-haul fleet starting in late 2015, replacing Airbus A340-300 planes.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

[48] Airbus A321-231 aircraft delivered in 2013-14 mainly entered service on Finnair holiday flights, replacing aging Boeing 757 aircraft.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

A321-231s can also be used for route destinations in Europe if necessary.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

The first A321-231 aircraft was delivered in 2013 in September.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

The last Boeing 757 aircraft left the fleet on January 19, 2014.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

[49] The last A340 aircraft was taken out of service on 1 February 2017.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

[50] Destinations Finnair regularly flies scheduled flights to Asia, Europe and North America.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

All scheduled Finnair flights are operated via Helsinki Airport.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Some of the flights sold by Finnair are flown by Finnish Nordic Regional Airlines.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Finnair also flies holiday flights, the number of which varies depending on the season.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Finnair started flights to Hanoi and Xi'an in the summer of 2013.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

[51] Finland Helsinki, Ivalo, Joensuu, Jyväskylä, Kajaani, Kemi, Kittilä, Kokkola-Pietarsaari, Kuopio, Kuusamo, Mariehamn, Oulu, Rovaniemi, Tampere, Turku, Vaasa [52] Europe Netherlands: Amsterdam Belgium: Brussels Spain: Barcelona, Gran Canaria, Madrid Malaga, Tenerife.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Summer 2017: Alicante [53], Menorca [54], Ibiza [54] UK: London, Manchester, Edinburgh Ireland: Dublin: Reykjavik (summer 2017 [54]) Italy: Catania, Naples, Milan, Pisa, Rome, Venice, Verona (summer) Austria: Innsbruck, Salzburg, Vienna Greece: Athens, Odos, Chaniá, Heraklion, Kos Croatia: Dubrovnik, Split, Pula Cyprus: Páfos Latvia: Riga Lithuania: Vilnius Malta: Valletta Norway: Bergen, Oslo Portugal: Madeira (Funchal) Poland: Gdansk, Krakow, Warsaw France: Biarritz, Nice, Paris Sweden: Gothenburg, Luleå, Stockholm, Umeå, Visby Germany: Berlin, Dusseldorf, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Munich Slovenia: Ljubljana Switzerland: Geneva, Zurich Denmark: Copenhagen, Billund Czech Republic: Prague Turkey: Alanya, Antalya Hungary: Budapest Russia: Yekaterinburg, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kazan, [55] Samara , Nizhny Novgorod [56] Estonia: Tallinn, Tartu Source: [57] Asia Pacific Hong Kong: Hong Kong India: Delhi Japan: Fukuoka, Nagoya, Osaka, Tokyo China: Chongqing, Guangzhou, Beijing, Shanghai, Xi'an South Korea: Seoul Singapore Thailand: Bangkok, Phuket, Krabi Vietnam: Ho Chi Minh City Kazakhstan: Astana Source: [58] North America USA: Miami, New York, Chicago, San Francisco, Los Angeles (2019 onwards) [59] Dominican Republic: Puerto Plata Cuba: Havana Mexico: Puerto Vallarta Source: [60] Middle East UAE: Dubai Israel: Tel Aviv, Eilat Source: [61] Accidents Finnair has had three accidents in its history leading to passenger deaths, all of which occurred while the company operated under the Aero name.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

The first occurred during the intermediate peace in June 1940 in the Gulf of Finland, when the Soviet Air Force shot down a passenger aircraft Kalevan.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Later accidents were the Koivulahti plane crash in 1961 and the Mariehamn plane crash in 1963.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

In 2018, Finnair was ranked the sixth safest airline in the world according to statistics from the German Air Accident Investigation Bureau (JACDEC).


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

[62] In 2017, Finnair was listed as the eighth most accurate airline of the European companies.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

[63] Sources Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Haapavaara, Heikki| title = Time flies.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

finnair 75| publisher = Finnair Plc| year = 1998| isbn = 951-98041-0-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hengi, B. I.| title = Airlines Worldwide| location = Leicester| publisher = Midland| year = 2000| isbn = 1-85780-103-2| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.}


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hirvonen, Pauli| title = Clear to Caravelle| location = Helsinki| publisher = Publishing Company Otava| year = 1958}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Virkkunen, A. T.| title = Fly!


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

Flight aapinen for aviation enthusiast| location = Helsinki| publisher = Publishing company Otava| year = 1943}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Wegg, John| title = Finnair.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

The Art of Flying since 1923| publisher = Finnair Oy| year = 1983| isbn = 951-99450-3-2| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair


Question: Where is Finnair's head office located?

Finnair

References on the topic elsewhere Yle, 2017 * Category:National Airlines Category:Key articles on screening


Question: What is phenanthroline?

Urease

Urease is an enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of urea into carbon dioxide (CO2) and ammonia (NH3) [1].


Question: What is phenanthroline?

Urease

(NH2) 2CO + H2O → CO2 + 2NH3.


Question: What is phenanthroline?

Urease

Urease is found in numerous bacteria, yeasts, and some plants.


Question: What is phenanthroline?

Urease

In 1926, James Sumner isolated urease and proved it to be a protein [2].


Question: What is phenanthroline?

Urease

The enzyme number for urease is EC 3.5.1.5 and CAS number is 9002-13-5.


Question: What is phenanthroline?

Urease

Properties Many properties of an enzyme vary very drastically depending on which bacterial enzyme is concerned.


Question: What is phenanthroline?

Urease

The mass of the molecule varies between 125 and 160 kilodaltons.


Question: What is phenanthroline?

Urease

The enzyme works best at 40°C to 65°C and the optimum pH is 2—9 depending on the bacterium.


Question: What is phenanthroline?

Urease

The coenzyme of the enzyme is a Ni2+ ion.


Question: What is phenanthroline?

Urease

Several metal ions, such as Cd2+, Co2+, Fe2+ and Ca2+ ions, boric acid and several organic molecules such as EDTA and phenanthroline [1] act as inhibitors.


Question: What is phenanthroline?

Urease

When urease catalyzes the degradation of urea, the resulting ammonia raises pH when dissolved in water to high levels.


Question: What is phenanthroline?

Urease

This is based on the use of urea in the protection of strains against root rot [3].


Question: What is phenanthroline?

Urease

Diagnostic significance Several bacteria contain urease enzyme and can therefore be identified by the reaction products ammonia or carbon dioxide.


Question: What is phenanthroline?

Urease

Such bacteria include Yersinia enterocolitica [4] and Helicobacter pylori [5], which provides itself with alkaline ammonia protection against an acidic stomach environment and can be identified by ammonia [5].


Question: What is phenanthroline?

Urease

Isotopes of carbon dioxide emitted in the reaction can also be used to prove the presence of a bacterium [6].


Question: What is phenanthroline?

Urease

Sources Elsewhere Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What is phenanthroline?

Urease

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What is phenanthroline?

Urease

(pdf) Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What is phenanthroline?

Urease

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What is phenanthroline?

Urease

Category:Hydrolases


Question: When did Mercedes start manufacturing the C series?

Mercedes-Benz C-Series (W204)

The Mercedes-Benz W204 is the third generation of the Mercedes-Benz C-Series, introduced in Stuttgart in January 2007.


Question: When did Mercedes start manufacturing the C series?

Mercedes-Benz C-Series (W204)

At the auto show, the sedan model was first seen in Geneva in the spring of 2007.


Question: When did Mercedes start manufacturing the C series?

Mercedes-Benz C-Series (W204)

In the Finnish market the car went on sale in April 2007.


Question: When did Mercedes start manufacturing the C series?

Mercedes-Benz C-Series (W204)

The station wagon model was presented with the C63 AMG at the Frankfurt Motor Show in autumn 2007.


Question: When did Mercedes start manufacturing the C series?

Mercedes-Benz C-Series (W204)

In the spring of 2011, a new coupé was introduced in connection with the facelift.


Question: When did Mercedes start manufacturing the C series?

Mercedes-Benz C-Series (W204)

The overall Car has been tested over a total of 24 million miles, the highest number in the history of the Mercedes.


Question: When did Mercedes start manufacturing the C series?

Mercedes-Benz C-Series (W204)

A sedan model was introduced to the beginning.


Question: When did Mercedes start manufacturing the C series?

Mercedes-Benz C-Series (W204)

About half a year after the sedan model, a station wagon model is also introduced.


Question: When did Mercedes start manufacturing the C series?

Mercedes-Benz C-Series (W204)

A new coupé will also be introduced at the March 2011 Geneva Motor Show.


Question: When did Mercedes start manufacturing the C series?

Mercedes-Benz C-Series (W204)

The look of the bow of the car depends on the equipment level.


Question: When did Mercedes start manufacturing the C series?

Mercedes-Benz C-Series (W204)

In the case of Classic and Elegance, the bow star is normally on the bonnet, but in sporty Avant-garde equipment it is placed in the middle of the cooler grille, like the Mercedes sports models.


Question: When did Mercedes start manufacturing the C series?

Mercedes-Benz C-Series (W204)

The car is marketed in Finland under the slogan “One car - two different worlds”, which aims to express that the nature of the car is different depending on the level of equipment.


Question: When did Mercedes start manufacturing the C series?

Mercedes-Benz C-Series (W204)

Compared to the previous W203 model, efforts have been made to create a distinctly sportier image of the car.


Question: When did Mercedes start manufacturing the C series?

Mercedes-Benz C-Series (W204)

The C series shares more parts with the larger E series.


Question: When did Mercedes start manufacturing the C series?

Mercedes-Benz C-Series (W204)

The car is produced in Germany at plants in Sindelfingen and Bremen, and additionally in South Africa, at the East London plant.


Question: When did Mercedes start manufacturing the C series?

Mercedes-Benz C-Series (W204)

Production of the sedan model began in Bremen in March 2007.


Question: When did Mercedes start manufacturing the C series?

Mercedes-Benz C-Series (W204)

All station wagon models are manufactured in Bremen, where their production started in September 2007 (production of the previous station wagon model was discontinued in May).


Question: When did Mercedes start manufacturing the C series?

Mercedes-Benz C-Series (W204)

In the summer of 2007, the range also expanded with 4Matic four-wheel drive models, with 4MATIC versions of the C280, C350 and C320 CDI models coming on offer.


Question: When did Mercedes start manufacturing the C series?

Mercedes-Benz C-Series (W204)

The 4MATIC system with continuous four-wheel drive used is more powerful, lighter and compact.


Question: When did Mercedes start manufacturing the C series?

Mercedes-Benz C-Series (W204)

Among other things, the new features affect the fuel economy of models.


Question: When did Mercedes start manufacturing the C series?

Mercedes-Benz C-Series (W204)

For example, the average consumption of the all-wheel drive version of the C280 model dropped 0.2 l/100 km.


Question: When did Mercedes start manufacturing the C series?

Mercedes-Benz C-Series (W204)

The center gear of the system distributes the force forward and rear in a ratio of 45/55.


Question: When did Mercedes start manufacturing the C series?

Mercedes-Benz C-Series (W204)

The C320 CDI, meanwhile, was the first C-Series diesel model to be equipped with four-wheel drive.


Question: When did Mercedes start manufacturing the C series?

Mercedes-Benz C-Series (W204)

The station wagon model was presented at the Frankfurt Motor Show in September 2007.


Question: When did Mercedes start manufacturing the C series?

Mercedes-Benz C-Series (W204)

Similar to the sedan model, the station wagon is also present in three different equipment levels and the engine range is the same.


Question: When did Mercedes start manufacturing the C series?

Mercedes-Benz C-Series (W204)

Compared to the previous model, the luggage compartment is even deeper, and in the basic position its volume is 485 l. The rear seats when poured, the space becomes a total of 1.500 l.


Question: When did Mercedes start manufacturing the C series?

Mercedes-Benz C-Series (W204)

In January 2011, the C Series facelift was introduced.


Question: When did Mercedes start manufacturing the C series?

Mercedes-Benz C-Series (W204)

The bow and dashboard of the car have been redesigned.


Question: When did Mercedes start manufacturing the C series?

Mercedes-Benz C-Series (W204)

Car fuel consumption and CO2 emissions have also dropped considerably.


Question: When did Mercedes start manufacturing the C series?

Mercedes-Benz C-Series (W204)

Engines Engines developed in terms of performance compared to the engines of the previous model (for example, C180K +10 kW and C200K +15 kW).


Question: When did Mercedes start manufacturing the C series?

Mercedes-Benz C-Series (W204)

The average power increase is 13% and, accordingly, fuel economy improved by an average of 6%.


Question: When did Mercedes start manufacturing the C series?

Mercedes-Benz C-Series (W204)

Three petrol engines were offered for the start (C 200 K, C 280 and C 350) and a C 220 CDI diesel engine.


Question: When did Mercedes start manufacturing the C series?

Mercedes-Benz C-Series (W204)

During the summer, the range expanded with the C 180 K and C 200 CDI models.


Question: When did Mercedes start manufacturing the C series?

Mercedes-Benz C-Series (W204)

In the fall of 2007, the C 320 CDI diesel entered production.