Question: When was the Byzantine Empire destroyed?

Byzantine Empire

Drawing the line between Byzantine philosophy and ancient philosophy, as well as Byzantine philosophy and theology, is not straightforward after all.


Question: When was the Byzantine Empire destroyed?

Byzantine Empire

[38] On the other hand, from Byzantine philosophy, it is also possible to distinguish the further development of ancient thought as detached from Christian thought.


Question: When was the Byzantine Empire destroyed?

Byzantine Empire

[39] For the calculation of time, the kingdom had its own, the so-called Byzantine calculation of time.


Question: When was the Byzantine Empire destroyed?

Byzantine Empire

Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Castrén, Sponge| title = New ancient history| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 2011| id = ISBN 978-951-1-21594-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Freeman, Charles| title = Egypt, Greece in Rome: Civilizations of the Ancient Mediterranean| location = Oxford| publisher = Oxford University Press| year = 2004| version=Second Edition| id=ISBN 0-19-926364-7| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When was the Byzantine Empire destroyed?

Byzantine Empire

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Question: When was the Byzantine Empire destroyed?

Byzantine Empire

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Gibbon, Edward| title = The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire| publisher = Worldsworth Classics of World Literature| year = 1998| version=28 selected chapters| id = ISBN 978-1-85326-499-3}} Hakkarainen, Mika: “Byzantine culture Sources”.


Question: When was the Byzantine Empire destroyed?

Byzantine Empire

In Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lamberg, Marko & Lahtinen, Anu & Niiranen, Susanna (ed.


Question: When was the Byzantine Empire destroyed?

Byzantine Empire

) | title = Middle Ages key| location = Helsinki| publisher = Society of Finnish Literature | year = 2009| version = Finnish Literature Society Editorials 1203| id = ISBN 978-951-746-953-1| page = 353-364}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Haldon, John| title = Byzantine history| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 2010| version = (Byzantium: A History, 2000.)


Question: When was the Byzantine Empire destroyed?

Byzantine Empire

Translation: Kaisa Sivenius| id = ISBN 978-952-495-097-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Toropainen, Ritva (ed.


Question: When was the Byzantine Empire destroyed?

Byzantine Empire

) | title = Windows in Byzantine| location = Oulu| publisher = University of Oulu | year = 2003| version = Oulu University Library Publications 54| id = ISBN 951-42-7059-2| format = [online version]}} References Literature in Finnish Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Diehl, Charles| title = Byzantium: a time of greatness and decay| location = Helsinki| publisher = Book| year = 1929}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Haldon, John F.| title = Byzantine history| others = Translated by Kaisa Sivenius| publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 2010| version = Initial work: Byzantium History (Tempus 2000).


Question: When was the Byzantine Empire destroyed?

Byzantine Empire

Edited by Mika Hakkarainen| isbn = 951-662-959-8}} In English Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kazhdan, Alexander & Constable, Giles| title = People and Power in Byzantium.


Question: When was the Byzantine Empire destroyed?

Byzantine Empire

An Introduction to Modern Byzantium Studies| publisher = Dumbarton Oaks| year = 1982| id = ISBN 0884021033| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When was the Byzantine Empire destroyed?

Byzantine Empire


Question: When was the Byzantine Empire destroyed?

Byzantine Empire

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Mango, Cyril| title= Byzantium: The Empire of New Rome| publisher = Scribner| year = 1980| id = ISBN 0684167689| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When was the Byzantine Empire destroyed?

Byzantine Empire


Question: When was the Byzantine Empire destroyed?

Byzantine Empire

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Norwich, John Julius| title = Byzantium (3 volumes) | publisher = Viking| year = 1991| id = ISBN 0-394-53778-5, ISBN 0-394-53779-3 and ISBN 0-679-41650-1| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When was the Byzantine Empire destroyed?

Byzantine Empire


Question: When was the Byzantine Empire destroyed?

Byzantine Empire

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ostrogorsky, Georg| title= History of the Byzantine State| publisher = Rutgers University Press| year = 1969| id = ISBN 0-8135-1198-4| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When was the Byzantine Empire destroyed?

Byzantine Empire


Question: When was the Byzantine Empire destroyed?

Byzantine Empire

On topic elsewhere.


Question: When was the Byzantine Empire destroyed?

Byzantine Empire

Site from Eastern Rome.


Question: When was the Byzantine Empire destroyed?

Byzantine Empire

Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When was the Byzantine Empire destroyed?

Byzantine Empire

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: When was the Byzantine Empire destroyed?

Byzantine Empire

Project for historical and archaeological inventory of Byzantine sites.


Question: When was the Byzantine Empire destroyed?

Byzantine Empire

Austrian Academy of Sciences.


Question: When was the Byzantine Empire destroyed?

Byzantine Empire

* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

The 1998 Belgian Grand Prix was a Formula One series section race run on 30 August 1998 at the Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps circuit in Belgium.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

The race was won by Damon Hill and finished second by his stablemate Ralf Schumacher.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

The weather was rainy during the race, causing only eight competitors to drive all the way to the finish.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

[1] There were two significant crashes in the race.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Thirteen cars were involved in a mass crash on the first lap and it is the biggest crash in F1 history.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Shortly after halfway through the race, Michael Schumacher collided from the lead seat with David Coulthard trailing on lap overtaking.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Preliminary moods As the fourth final race of the season approached, the situation in the World Championship points was still open.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Mika Häkkinen led with 77 points and seven points behind was his toughest opponent Michael Schumacher.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Häkkinen's stablemate David Coulthard was third, but his championship chances were fairly slim; he would need to win at least three races out of the four remaining.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Schumacher's stablemate Eddie Irvine, by contrast, had already been dropped from the title battle.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

He had points with 32.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Since the remaining races could get a maximum of 40 points, he would not have a chance to overtake Häkkinen in points.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

[2] The manufacturers' side was more stringent.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

McLaren led by 125 points amassing and Ferrari were second with 102 points.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Williams and Benetton, who were battling for third place, were far from top, with Benetton having amassed 32 and Williams 30 points respectively.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

[2] Free practice Friday practice sessions The Belgian GP weekend kicked off with free practice sessions run on Friday 28 August.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Two practice sessions were run, from 11 a.m. to 12 p.m. and 1 p.m. to 2 p.m.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

The results have both training sessions combined.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

The weather during rehearsals was cold and pouty.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

At the end of the later rehearsal section, however, the sun began to shine.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

[3] The fastest pace was held by Ferrari's Michael Schumacher, who was only a good hundredth of a second quicker than McLaren's Mika Häkkki.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Jordan's Damon Hill managed, positively surprisingly, to run the fourth-fastest time.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

However, he missed more than a second off Schumacher's top time.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Jacques Villeneuve of the Williams stable crashed on the uphill following the Eau Rouge bend.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

He lost control of his car and crashed into a tire barrier.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Because of the crash, practice was suspended for 20 minutes.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

However, Villeneuve survived uninjured and said the crash had been the “best” of his then-current F1 career.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

[3] Friday practice results [4] Saturday practice session Saturday practice sessions were run on 29 August in a cold and dry reel.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

[5] Top of practice sessions were McLaren drivers Häkkinen and Coulthard, although both cycled around the track.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

However, Coulthard avoided crashing into the wall because he was cycling at the so-called bus stop.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Häkkinen again spun on the La Source bend at the end of practice and could no longer continue, so his car was taken away by track officials.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

[5] Jordan's Damon Hill was back on track, as this time he reached third place.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

He used a harder mixture from Goodyear's tyres.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

His stablemate Ralf Schumacher, by contrast, complained about the car's understeer on certain parts of the track.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

[5] Villeneuve was driving a spare car because he had wrecked his Williams FW20, originally intended as a race car, on Friday.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Villeneuve said the crash had left no bad feelings and it didn't interfere with his driving at all.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

He finished fourth in practice.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

His stable mate Frentzen was eighth.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Frentzen's times were mostly spent finding the balance of the car.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

[5] Ferrari duo Schumacher and Irvine were fifth and sixth respectively.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

They focused on finding race adjustments and run-in engines with which to participate in the time-running.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

In addition, both experimented with new tyres in the final stages of practice sessions.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

[5] Prost's Jarno Trulli's Prost AP01 car had been able to find good adjustments that made the car good in its driveability.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

However, there were expected drivetrain problems to the car just before the second half of practice was due to begin.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Stablemate Olivier Panis came to the paddock at the end of practice, as he too was suffering from powertrain problems.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

[5] The Arrows' Mika Salo crashes violently in Eau Rouge.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

He lost control of his car and crashed at high speed into a tyre barrier just like Villeneuve on Friday.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Salo survived the situation with a headache, but he was forced to swap his wrecked car for a spare car.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

[5] Saturday practice session results [6] Qualifying The time runs were run on Saturday 29 August.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

McLaren drivers Mika Häkkinen and David Coulthard took over the front row in what was already the ninth time of the season for McLaren.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Damon Hill achieved his best starting place in the time slot in his Jordan career.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

However, he missed more than a second from Häkkinen.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Hill said he had been delighted, as he had been working with his engineers all weekend to make the car good.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

[5] Michael Schumacher ran the fourth fastest time, but his fastest time of 1.49.797 was disqualified because he ignored yellow flags.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Schumacher was not so much disappointed with his ranking but by a big difference over the top spot.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

He still had confidence that he would be able to compete against the McLarens in the race itself.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

In addition, he said he slowed down the pace during the yellow flags.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Although his best time was disqualified, however, he did not lose any placings.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

[5] [7] Time trial results [7] Sunday morning warm-ups The Sunday morning warm-ups were run on 30 August prior to the race.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

During the warm-ups, rain was pouring, which caused lap times to stretch profusely beyond two minutes.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

[8] The pace of both Ferraris was good, with Schumacher at the top of practice and Irvine second.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Häkkinen was third.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

He bemoaned the car's poor balance on wet weather.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Giancarlo Fisichella was fourth, but at the end of the warm-ups, the rear wing of his car came off and the rear tire broke.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

[8] Sunday morning warm-up results [9] Race The race itself was run on 30 August 1998.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Before the start of the race, the rain had almost ceased, but the track was wet and the air humid.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

The air temperature was only 10°C and the track temperature was 11°C.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Because of the capricious weather, drivers' tire choices varied.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Michael Schumacher opted for intermediate wheel tyres, while Mika Häkkinen and David Coulthard ended up with radekel tyres in their choices.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

The choice of Häkkinen and Coulthard was clear, as they went from the tip to move.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

This is how they would be the first to drive into the big puddles of the track.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

The first departure and the big crash After the cars were set on the starting screens, the starting lights started to light up one by one.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

When all the lights went out, the cars got going and the race started.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Ferrari drivers Michael Schumacher and Eddie Irvine both had good starts and managed to improve their standings.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

They were helped by the woolly departure of Damon Hill.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

However, Coulthard got to cover Schumacher's overtaking attempt and Schumacher was left as if bagged behind him.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

At the same time, Jacques Villeneuve managed to climb into second place at the first bend outside season.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

[10] When approaching the Eau Rouge bend, Villeneuve was right on Häkkinen's rear wing.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

At the same time, however, Coulthard's car would walk somewhat over the grass that was on the left side of the track.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

He lost control of his car and it blurted into the safety fence that flanked the right side of the track.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

This began the biggest crash in F1 history.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

After ricocheting off the security fence, Coulthard's car hit several other cars, and the massive mass crash was complete.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Tires and other car parts were flying around, and cars were twirling.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Although parts were flown into the stands, no spectators were injured.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

The race was immediately suspended.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

[10] The crash was further exacerbated by poor visibility.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Everyone who came from behind didn't even see the crash until it was too late to brake and a collision was inevitable.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Among other things, Mika Salo was driving fast in the side of Eddie Irvine's car because he didn't see what happened.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

[10] Rubens Barrichello seemed slightly injured in the crash, as the track official took a long time to check his condition.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Furthermore, Barrichello held on to his left hand as if it had hurt.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Barrichello was caught in a bad squeeze in the crash and, moreover, Ricardo Rosset ran fast at him.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

In addition, Irvine slightly injured his right leg, and he walked limping back to the paddock.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

[10] Drivers got out of their cars and set off running back to the depot so they could get to their spare cars by the time the replay took off.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

However, a few cars managed to survive the situation without much damage.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

At least Häkkinen, Villeneuve, the Schumacher brothers, Hill and Esteban Tuero survived the situation.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

[10] The situation was further confused by the fact that if both cars in one stable crashed and there was no more than one spare car in the garage, the other driver would be excluded from the replay.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

This is what happened to Tyrrell, Arrows and Prost.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Salo had already scrapped his actual race car.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

As he now wrecked his spare car, he never got into the race again.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Aside from Salo, Rosset, Olivier Panis and Barrichello did not participate in the replay.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

[10] Second departure ─ the race gets started properly in the replay Hill got the best start of the top cars.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Unlike the last time, he managed to keep both Ferraris behind him.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

In addition, Hill managed to climb past both McLarens to the top spot.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Schumacher managed to get alongside Häkkinen when entering the first bend.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

However, they hit each other, resulting in Häkkinen twirling.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Johnny Herbert, who came to the scene, tried to swerve Häkkinen's car to the right, but their cars hit each other.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

As a result of the crash, both Häkkinen and Herbert were forced to abort.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

The former stable mates couldn't fit anything into the crash, though Herbert ducked as fast as he could.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

[10] On the cutting edge drove Hill.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Next were Irvine, Michael Schumacher, Jean Alesi, Villeneuve and Heinz-Harald Frentzen.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

However, Schumacher managed immediately on the first lap to overtake Irvine on entering the Les Combes bend.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

[10] Next, Coulthard crashed with Alexander Wurz at the Malmedy bend, and both drifted onto the sand.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Coulthard was able to continue and drove to pit lane, but Wurz was forced to abort.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

A short time later, the safety car was called to the track to safely repair any debris on the track.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

The safety car stayed on the track for only one lap, and after that the race was allowed to resume as normal again.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

[10] After the safety car exited, Villeneuve managed to pass Alesi.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Hill continued to top the lead.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

It was the first time since the 1997 season and the Hungarian GP that the 1996 World Champion led the race.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

After a few laps, Hill's old racing partner Michael Schumacher managed to pass him on entering the bus stop.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

The gap to Irvine, who ran third, got to grow surprisingly large, to nearly seven seconds.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

With Schumacher's move to the top spot, the gap grew to Hill over the course of one lap by plenty of three seconds.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Irvine lost the front wing of his car on the sixth bend of the track, after which he drifted onto the grass at the next bend and spun.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

However, he managed to get back to the depot to replace his front wing.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Because driving conditions were not the best possible, many other drivers drove off the track.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Toranosuke Takagi was forced to abort when he crashed into a wall after the first bend of the track at the start of lap 11.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

[10] Schumacher increased his lead rapidly.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

By the start of lap 11, Hill had already missed more than nine seconds.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Despite having intermediate wheel tyres, Schumacher was able to drive on a wet track with tough lap times.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Almost everyone else was riding on radekel tires.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

After 16 laps had been run, however, Schumacher drove to the pit lane to change the radekel tyres on his car.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

On the same lap, Hill also made his own stop.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Schumacher's stop took 8.3 and Hill's 11.3 seconds.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

On the same lap, many more came for a tyre change.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

[10] In round 17, reigning world champion Villeneuve drove out and was forced to abort.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Villeneuve drove into a puddle of water, lost control of his car and crashed into a railing.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

After his interruption, there were only twelve drivers left in the race.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

[10] Schumacher led quite overwhelmingly: the gap to Hill was already more than 24 seconds.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

In a confused situation, Hill's stable mate Ralf Schumacher managed to climb as early as third, so Jordan had a good chance of finishing on points.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Gradually, the gap between the top duo grew up to 40 seconds.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

[10] Coulthard and Schumacher Coulthard, who crashed in the early stages of the race and visited the pit road, took eighth place.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

However, the gap to the top was plenty of more than two minutes, so soon Schumacher would overtake him already on the lap.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Schumacher tried on a few occasions to get past the Scot but no place to overtake seemed to be found.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Schumacher even waved his fist for a sign to get past.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

[10] Finally after the ninth bend of the track, Coulthard slowed his speed to let Schumacher go further.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

The slowdown came as a surprise to Schumacher, and his car collided with the left trailing edge of Coulthard's car.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

The right front tire of Schumacher's car flew far away and the suspensions completely disintegrated.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

In the process, Coulthard lost the rear wing of his car.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

[10] Schumacher was forced to abort, but Coulthard was able to continue and made it all the way to the finish despite being left scoreless, as did Nakanok.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Schumacher limped on three wheels back to pit lane.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Coulthard, too, was heading to the depot, as his car too had been damaged.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

[10] Schumacher drove his car straight into his pit stall, as did Coulthard.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Schumacher then immediately got out of the car and took off walking towards the McLaren pit rooms.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Ferrari staff tried to stop Schumacher, but to no avail, as he cleared his way into the McLaren premises looking quite angry-looking.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

[11] The McLaren men also came to block and calm Schumacher.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Eventually he was sedated and was ushered back to the Ferrari premises.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

[10] The new nature of the race with Schumacher's suspension saw Hill rise to the top spot.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

The Jordan stable's jubilation was heightened by the fact that Ralf Schumacher drove in second.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

In third place had risen Sauber's Jean Alesi.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

[10] Ferrari's misfortune was compounded by Irvine's suspension on lap 26.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

He simply lost control of his car, drifted onto the sand and crashed into a wall.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

There was a further drastic crash in the race when Giancarlo Fisichella collided with Shinji Nakano after him at the bus stop.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Fisichella tried to pass Nakano on the lap, so the situation was similar to what it was moments ago for Schumacher and Coulthard.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Fisichella initially lost his front left tire, but soon the other front tire came off as well.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

It was close that he didn't crash directly into the safety railing.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Luckily, Fisichella's car stopped and nothing happened to him.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Fisichella was forced to abort, as did Nakano.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

[10] The tipped cars entered the depot immediately after the crash, and the safety car was again called to the track in order to safely repair the debris away.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

The safety car was on the track for quite a long time, as there was quite a lot of debris.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

The standings for the top spot no longer changed much towards the end of the competition.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Thus, Damon Hill drove the race to victory, with stablemate Ralf Schumacher finishing second.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Third was driven by Jean Alesi.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Hill's win was the Jordan stable's first.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

In addition, the win remained the last of Hill's career.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Second place was a career-best for Ralf Schumacher by then.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

While the cars were driving, there was a further incident when former Formula One driver German Jochen Mass and another man ran across the track to the pit wall.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

However, the situation was clarified with fright.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Race results [1] *couldn't start in replay Change Fastest Lap: Michael Schumacher 2.03,766 Damon Hill Last Win Damon Hill Last Prize Rank Jordan First Win Jean Alesi Last Prize Rank Häkkinen Career 10th pole position After the race, the situation was equally jubilant for Jordan, but not for Michael Schumacher.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

According to him, David Coulthard deliberately tried to kill him in the competition.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

According to Schumacher, Coulthard ran five to six seconds slower lap times than normal when he was overtaking the Scots driver on the lap.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

According to Schumacher, the experienced Coulthard should have warned beforehand against such a significant slowdown.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Schumacher suspected the slowdown was the result of a world title shot.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Mika Häkkinen retained a seven-point lead over Michael Schumacher after the race.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

[12] David Coulthard denied Michael Schumacher's allegations.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

According to Coulthard, moaning over the matter was futile as, in his own opinion, he drove well into the right side of the track and allowed Schumacher to pass fairly.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

According to him, Schumacher either did not look in front of him, or he then simply did not see anything because of poor visibility.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

[12] The jury decided not to give any penalties for the crash, as it saw that the crash was caused by bad conditions.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

[12] Furthermore, Coulthard had not braked or made any other sudden movement.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

[13] In 2003, however, Coulthard pleaded guilty to the crash.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

He told me he picked up the gas on the driving line and still in the rain.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

Coulthard took the blame for the crash and told him he'd never do anything like it.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

He said he had become much more aware of the dangers of motoring with the experience.


Question: Who won the Belgian GP in 1998?

1998 Belgian Grand Prix

[13] Sources on the topic Elsewhere Category:79.5 Motorsports Class:Belgian Grand Prix Class:1998 Formula One season


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

A condom (colloquially a cortsu) is a protective cover retractable over a penile that acts as both a contraceptive and an inhibitor against the spread of sexually transmitted diseases.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

[1] Condoms are usually made of latex, i.e. natural rubber.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

Condoms made of different types of plastic are available for people with latex allergy.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

The condom is inserted by rolling it open over the penile before intercourse.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

When fermented, the man's semen remains in a container at the tip of the condom.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

A condom is used throughout intercourse and is disposable.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

A condom prevents pregnancy with high certainty; its contraceptive efficacy is 97% to 98%.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

A condom is the only contraceptive that prevents the spread of STDs.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

This is exactly what makes the condom the most important contraceptive.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

The fact that the condom contraception rate isn't a hundred can be explained by the fact that it's possible that it will rupture in the middle of intercourse or slip out of place.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

Sure, with diligence, it is possible to increase the contraceptive rate.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

It is also important to note that condoms should be used whenever the goal is not pregnancy.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

Depending on the menstrual cycle, the probability of becoming pregnant varies at different times, but at all times the probability is significantly high.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

Also during menstrual bleeding and “safe days”, condoms should be used if there is a desire to prevent pregnancy.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

In Finland, there is no age limit to buying a condom.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

[2] There is also no age limit for other sex aids.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

In Finland, age limits apply only to pornographic material.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

A condom always slightly weakens the tactile sensitivity of the penile, but on the other hand, this feature can be useful in preventing too fast triggering.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

To prevent STDs, condoms should also be used in oral sex when the penile is caressed with the mouth and tongue.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

Condoms are then used in the same way as sexual intercourse.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

When the party receiving oral sex is a woman, the condom can be stretched into cling film held between the tongue and genitals.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

Various condoms In Finland, the general range of condoms consists of products from Swedish company RFSU.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

CE mark, expiration date and Population Association recommendation are guarantees of good quality.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

High-quality condoms should not be used after the expiration date.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

Condoms are sold both straight and shaped, that is, conforming to the penile.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

The drinking condom is textured and intended to increase a woman's enjoyment.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

You can also get condoms thinner than usual as well as coloured.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

There are various flavor condoms to improve the pleasantness of oral sex.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

Smaller and larger than usual condoms are also available.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

In addition to this, there are condoms made of polyurethane and polyisoprene plastics [3] (more flexible and rubbery) for those allergic to latex.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

Condoms containing spermicides are also on the market.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

Most condoms are made in Southeast Asia, as the rubber tree grows in those neighborhoods.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

A spray condom was also in development: a latex solution would be sprayed over the penis, which, when dried, forms a perfectly fitting condom.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

[4] However, the invention was not made to work, particularly because the latex did not dry quickly enough.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

[5] It's also hard to get a decent semen container for such a condom.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

Female condom Femidomi is a condom designed for a woman.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

A woman's condom is a sac longer than a standard condom made of polyurethane that is inserted inside the vagina.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

It lines the walls of the vagina and thus prevents sperm from entering the uterus.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

Both ends of the condom have an elastic ring.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

The inner, a ring at the closed end, serves as a condom in place for layout and holding in place; it slides into place, and settles around the uterus.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

The soft outer ring remains outside the vagina, and covers the circumference area of the vaginal opening during intercourse.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

[6] A female condom can be inserted into the vagina well before sexual intercourse and protects against STD infection better than male condoms, as it also partially covers the vulva.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

It is not allowed to use a male condom at the same time, as friction between different materials may cause protection to break.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

When used correctly, the female condom protects against pregnancy by 89% to 97%.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

A woman's condom is suitable for people with latex allergies and those for whom hormonal contraception is not suitable.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

It can be used even after childbirth, when the mucous membranes are particularly sensitive.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

History The oldest known depiction of a condom is found in a cave painting in the Combarelles region of France.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

The second oldest drawing dates from Egypt around 2000 BCE.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

Pictured is a linen penile cover.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

It is not clear, however, whether condoms were used this early for prevention.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

They are thought rather to have been instruments or ornaments used in rituals.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

The oldest actual finds have been made in the ruins of Dudley Castle in England.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

They date from 1640 and were made of sheep caecum.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

In the 16th century, as syphilis became more common in Europe, there was a use for condoms.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

In her writings, Italian physician Gabrielle Fallopius described bags made of cloth cloth that were impregnated with a solution of salt or herbs.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

The Chinese men took cover with oiled silk paper wrapping.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

In the 18th century, for example, Casanova used bags made of cloth cloth as condoms.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

However, they were potentially not effective because disease-carrying viruses, and possibly semen, were likely to be able to spread through the fabric.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

Mass production of condoms was started shortly after 1845 when vulcanization, which greatly enhanced the properties of raw rubber, was invented.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

Condoms made of rubber were somewhat thick (2 mm), reducing sexual pleasure.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

Plus, they quickly aged and smelled bad.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

A more advanced seamless way of making condoms using the so-called dippaus method from latex rubber was invented in 1919 by Julius Fromm.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

With the invention of condoms made of latex, their properties and shelf life were greatly improved.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

Sales of condoms downright exploded after the invention.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

In 1957, Durex launched a slipped condom.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

Condoms for women have been available since 1992 in European markets and since 1993 in the United States.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

In the 1990s, coloured and flavored designs also appeared, in addition to a condom made of polyurethane.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

Prior to the mid-20th century, the sale of condoms was prohibited in several places, and afterwards they were sold only for “preventing sexually transmitted diseases”.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

Among other things, Pope Leo XII opposed condoms because syphilis was God's punishment, and a movement rose in the United States that the immoral should suffer the consequences.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

In countries where sales were prohibited, however, condoms were sold under many different aliases under the counter.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

Roman Catholicism does not accept contraception in any way other than abstinence.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

However, in his 2010 interview, Pope Benedict XVI held that, for example, in a male-to-male context, condom use may in some cases be justified when protecting against AIDS.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

[7] The name of the bag-like contraceptive possibly derives from the Latin word condus (essentially 'tank') or from the surname of an English Doctor of Condom who was in the service of Charles II, King of England.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

Condom and lubes To reduce friction during intercourse can use a slide cream.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

A condom made of natural rubber will become brittle and break if the slide cream contains oil or fat, so face and body creams, as well as petroleum jelly, are not suitable as lube for intercourse where a condom is used.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

Emulsions, too, contain some oil.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

With a condom, lubes based on water or silicone should be used.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

Condoms intended for rubber allergy sufferers (polyurethane condoms) are also resistant to oil-based slide creams.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

Condom in developing countries When short-term contraceptive methods are favored in developed countries, long-term ones are preferred in developing countries.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

[8] The most popular contraceptive methods are female sterilization (23%), IUDs (14%) and birth control pills (7%).


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

[8] The popularity of the condom is low due to its relative costness and disposability.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

[8] The least modern methods of contraception are used in sub-Saharan Africa, where, according to the UN, one in four women do not want to become pregnant again but still do not use any form of contraception.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

[8] Underlying confidence in post-pregnancy sterility.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

[8] Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Collier, Substance| title = The Humble Little Condom| publisher = Prometheus Books| year = 2007| id = ISBN 978-1591025566| language = Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

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Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

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Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: When was the condom invented?

Condom

Category:Contraception Category:Sexual Health Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

A smartphone () is a mobile phone with, in addition to call and picture and text messaging, computer capabilities and internet access [1], as well as a GPS locator.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

Smartphones today have a graphical user interface and a diverse range of mobile applications, i.e. computer programs used on the phone.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

As a rule, the operating system of a smartphone is open to such an extent that it is possible for third parties to produce new applications for it.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

The operation of the smartphone is based on the transmission and receipt of microwave radiation.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

A small portion of the radiation emitted by the smartphone is carried to the nearest 2, 3, or 4G base station on the cellular network, which transmits the information the phone transmits to the landline.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

Finland used the most mobile data in the world in 2016, followed by Sweden, South Korea and Japan.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

The soaring growth in the use of mobile data in Finland is due, among other things, to the increasing prevalence of video services and the expansion of the high-speed 4G network.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

The use of mobile data is also exceptionally affordable in Finland.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

[2] Health Effects of Smartphone Use According to an extensive study by the US Department of Public Health, children using a smartphone or tablet more than two hours a day cope with tests measuring thinking abilities and linguistic skills worse than others [3].


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

History The first device to be classified as a smartphone was IBM Simon, released in 1993.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

Developed in collaboration with BellSouth, the product was called personal communicator.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

It featured a touch screen and, in addition to the usual speech features, the device's features included a pager, email, calendar, address book, calculator, and style-operated sketchpad.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

When the device came on the market, its recommended price was $899.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

[4] However, the device suffered major technical problems even after its release, and ultimately IBM decided to withdraw it from the market in 1994.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

[5] The first smartphone widely sold in Europe was the Communicator 9000, released by Nokia in 1996.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

The device weighed almost 400 grams and was practically a Nokia 2110 phone and 386 PC in the same shells, as the operating system GEOS.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

Apple released and brought on sale its first smartphone model iPhone during 2007.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

Sales of its redesigned 3G version in Finland began in the summer of 2008.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

The operating system for them and later versions is iOS developed by Apple.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

Since the beginning of the 2010 decade, a 1.0 version of Android, which has dominated the smartphone operating systems market, was introduced in late 2008.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

The 1.5 version and the phone models that used it were released the following year.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

Android took over the market very quickly and practically shared it with iOS, despite significant attempts by Microsoft to consolidate the position of its own Windows Phone.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

Functionality Some handhelds with a phone feature resemble smartphones and smartphones similar to handhelds.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

So the types of devices have converged, with handhelds freezing almost to the margin.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

The handheld computer is increasingly able to transfer data using 3G, WLAN, GPRS and EDGE technologies, while the mobile phone has office software like email and browser-based information systems.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

Smartphones' larger computer screens and QWERTY keyboards make them suitable for managing text files and applications.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

They still support many of the basic functions of modern phones, such as digital camera and text messaging.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

Technical solutions The most common operating system on smartphones is Linux-based Android.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

Linux-based systems do not require licensing fees from manufacturers, but they are themselves responsible for adapting it for mobile phone use.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

Handheld type devices were previously often based on the Windows Mobile operating system.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

Beginning in 2010, it was replaced in the market by the newer Windows Phone operating system.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

Apple's iPhone, which has emerged as a major mobile phone maker, uses an iOS operating system based on a few components of the Mac OS X operating system.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

Other smartphone operating systems that have already left the market include BlackBerry, Symbian, BREW and Palm OS. Along with the operating system, smartphones come with an application platform and user interface software such as Nokia's Series 60.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

Device platforms for smartphones, along with the processor, include a modem for wireless data transmission, sometimes in the same core, as well as the necessary peripheral circuits and other computer hard, as well as terminal electronics.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

The market at the beginning of the 2010 decade Nokia and its Symbian operating system held a significant share of the smartphone market, but after this the share fell considerably in a short period of time.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

Nokia announced at the time that it would switch to using Windows Phone 8 as the primary operating system for its smartphones from the position of Symbian it had previously used.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

Finally, in the fall of 2013, Microsoft, which supplied the Windows Phone operating system, announced that it had completely bought Nokia's mobile phone businesses for itself.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

Consequently, the software company also became a phone manufacturer.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

[6] Google, the search engine company, had also become a device manufacturer following its acquisition of mobile phone maker Motorola in August 2011.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

In practice, the deal meant that Google was competing in the smartphone market with the companies for whose devices it supplied the operating system alone.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

[7] In the fall of 2011, Google announced that it would give Motorola, its future owned, an advantage in the development of new Android models.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

[8] However, in January 2014, Google announced that it had sold Motorola's mobile phone manufacturing to Chinese company Lenovo, retaining patents related to the technology for itself.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

[9] In developed countries, practically all new mobile phones today are smartphones.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

[10] Sales of smartphones exceeded the sales volume of basic phones in the Western European market for the first time in autumn 2011.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

[11] Worldwide, smartphone sales exceeded the sales volume of basic phones during 2013.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

[12] Market shares at the end of 2016 were divided as follows: Android 86.8%, iOS 12.5%, others less than 1%.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

[13] Smartphones Nokia Communicator 9000, 9110, 9210, 9500 from 1996 to 2004.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

Nokia 7650 of 2002.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

It was equipped with a camera and GPRS network connection.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

Palm Treo 750 from 2007.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

Nokia N97 of 2009.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

Apple's iPhone 4S of 2011.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

LG G2 of 2013.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

Apple's iPhone 6s of 2015.


Question: What year is Lenovo founded?

Smartphone

Sources on the topic Elsewhere Category:Personal Computers *


Question: What year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The Republic of South Africa, or South Africa, is a republic in southern Africa, right at the southernmost tip of the African continent.


Question: What year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

It is bordered by Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Swaziland.


Question: What year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The state of Lesotho lies as an enclave within South Africa.


Question: What year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The climate of the country varies from region to region.


Question: What year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The western Cape Country has a Mediterranean climate, and the hinterland is steppe, where it rains in summer.


Question: What year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

There is a subtropical zone in KwaZulu-Natal.


Question: What year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

South Africa can be considered a superpower on the African continent and has the second largest economy in Africa after Nigeria [1].


Question: What year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The country is among the world's leading exporters of minerals.


Question: What year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[2] Black African nationalists in particular call South Africa Azania.


Question: What year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[3] Archbishop Desmond Tutu and Nelson Mandela, among others, have described post-1994 democratic multicultural South Africa as a Rainbow State ().


Question: What year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[4] Geography South Africa lies at the southern tip of the African continent between the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean.


Question: What year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

Its shoreline is over 2500km long and stretches from the Namibian Desert to the subtropical region of Mozambique.


Question: What year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The shallow coastal strip is narrow for the most part, with a mountainous area towering behind it separating the coast from the inland highlands.


Question: What year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

By place, especially in the province of KwaZulu-Natal, the coastal lowland is wider.


Question: What year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[5] The soil in South Africa is exceptionally old and rich in mineral.


Question: What year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The foundation of the Earth was already part of the Gondwana continent, which 100—300 million years ago broke up into numerous parts, forming new continents like Africa.


Question: What year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

Over the years that followed, geological, tectonic and volcanic processes, as well as erosion, shaped South Africa to the likeness of what is now.


Question: What year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[6] The most significant of South African mineral formations are the gold-containing Witwatersrand quartzite, the platinum-bearing Bushveld igneous rock complex, and carbon resources formed from Karoo sediments.


Question: What year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[7] There is a cold Antarctic Benguela stream in Earth's Atlantic-side marine area, whose plankton sustains rich fishing grounds.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

On the east coast, in turn, pass the warm sea currents of Mozambique and Agulhas.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

Ocean currents significantly affect the climate of the country.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[6] The country's main rivers are the Limpopo River on the border with Zimbabwe and the Oranje River and its tributary the Vaal, which flows from west to east and descends into the Atlantic at the border with Namibia.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The importance of the Oranje River, among other things, for farming in the dry central part of the country is great.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[6] The climate of South Africa varies a lot from region to region.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The inland Great Karoo Plateau is arid steppe and turns northwestward as it slowly goes into the Kalahari Desert.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The southwestern parts of the country have a Mediterranean climate with rainy winters and hot, dry summers.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[6] Average Heat (°C) Urban SummerWinterCape Town20,012,6Durban23,617,0Johannesburg19,411,1Pretoria22,412,9Source:Lew Leppan: The South African Book of Records.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

Cape Town, Don Nelson, 1999.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

Nature South Africa has five different vegetation zones: fynbos, forest, karoo, grassy and savannah.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The Fynbos vegetation zone is located in the southwestern parts of the country, and its species range consists mainly of heather, proteas and herbaceous plants belonging to the family Restionaceae.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[8] Although over a thousand native tree species grow in South Africa, large trees are quite rare in many parts of the country.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

However, the country has extensive forests in the Knysna-Tsitsikamma region and the northeastern parts of the provinces of Mpumalanga and Limpopo, where the tree is composed of pine palms.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

In the northern parts of the country, monkey bread trees also grow.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[8] The best known of South Africa's native animals are the so-called “big five”: elephant, lion, rhino, leopard and kaffer buffalo, which live in bushveld and savanna areas.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

Of the large felines, the lion's range is almost exclusively restricted to the country's national parks, but leopards are also found in a larger area in the southern Cape Country and northern parts of the country.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The cheetah population is quite small and restricted to the northernmost parts of the country and nature parks.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

About 850 species of birds occur in South Africa, of which about 50 are endemic.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The best-known bird species are the ostrich, which is found almost all over the country, antler bugs, and several species of eagle and vulture.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[9] Eight different species of whale occur in coastal waters of South Africa.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The most commonly observed of them is the black whale, which calves in coastal bay coves.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The species was once hunted to near extinction, but with conservation, its population has strengthened.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

There are more than 2000 species of fish in the territorial waters of the country, which is 16% of all fish species in the world.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The most commercially significant fish are sardines and hake.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[9] History Plenty of 10,000 years ago large areas of southern Africa prevailed the ancestral culture of the present ferns.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The life form of the ferns was based on hunting, fishing, and gathering, and they had formed strolling hunter groups of about 50—500 people.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[10] Around 2200 years ago, some Pan groups in the northern parts of present-day Botswana domesticated the first domesticated animals and began moving towards the south.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The new socioeconomic system they created has, in the circle of anthropologists, been called the Khoikhoi hunter nomadic.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[11] Bantu-speaking populations began arriving from East Africa in the area of present-day Transvaal as early as the 3rd century.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

In the 16th century, the Nguni-tsongas already inhabited much of present-day South Africa, such as the coastal areas of Natal, and the northern half of the confluence of the Oranje and Vaalal rivers by the Sotho-tsongas.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

However, in the southernmost part of the country they were not spread out; only the Khoikhoi and San peoples were still inhabited there, and the area was very sparsely populated.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

By the time of the 18th century, the Nguni tsongas had split into numerous smaller ethnic groups such as the Zulus, Xhos and Swazis.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[12] Colonial era The first Boers settled on the Cape of Good Hope in the area of present-day Kapma in 1652.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The colony's population grew to 15,000 by the end of the century, and its area expanded even faster.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

Many colonizers also migrated to the hinterland inhabited by the Sans and Khos.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The colonists skirmished constantly with the surrounding African tribes.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

Between 1785 and 1795, 2000 men and women belonging to the San tribe died in these skirmishes and an additional 700 were put into slavery.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[13] In 1795, the British conquered Kapma as a strategic base against the French to control the sea road to the east.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[14] Between 1835 and 1843, about 12000 Boers embarked on the Great Hike towards the North.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The reasons for the migration included economic problems, armed conflict between the Xhos and the Boers, and especially dissatisfaction with British rule.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The Voortrekkers felt that the British administration had not provided refuge against the Xhos, but had promoted equality between blacks and Caucasians and banned the slave trade in Kapma.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[15] [16] [17] In the late 18th century, political unrest arose among the northern Ngunis as a result of excessive population growth and commercial competition.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

Ethnic clashes between the Nguns led to the emergence of a new kind of military and administrative system.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

Under the leadership of Shaka Zulu called the Black Napoleon, a strong Zulu state emerged.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[18] By the middle of the 1820s, Shaka already controlled a kingdom of over 100,000 people, with 40000 men in his army.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[19] The Shaka conquests escaped a large number of populations that formed the so-called Mfecan movement () and whose effects were felt in Central and East Africa.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The state development of the various Bantu groups accelerated, and several new kingdoms such as Ndebele and Gaza emerged in Africa and the still existing Besotho (present-day Lesotho) and Swazi (present-day Swaziland).


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[18] Mfecane's period mayhem also allowed the Boers to spread further north, starting in the 1830s, laying the groundwork for the myth put forward during apartheid about moving the Boers into “empty land”.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[14] The Boer Wars The British forcibly annexed the Transvaal to their colony in 1877.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The Boers protested forced annexation by rising up in rebellion of 1880 in December.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

At the Battle of Majuba Hill, the Boer forces divided into several small groups were beaten by the British forces, who suffered heavy losses.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The British government led by William Gladstone deemed the war forfeit and signed an armistice on 6 March.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The final peace treaty was signed on March 23, 1881.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The Boers were granted self-government in the Transvaal under British control.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

In 1887, gold prospectors discovered the world's largest gold deposit on the Witwatersrand (“Randi”) ridge.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

After the discovery of gold, thousands of British colonists began rolling across the border from Kapma.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

Afrikaaners became nervous about the uitlanders' presence and denied them the right to vote.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The Transvaal issued an ultimatum in 1899 leading to war.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

Oranje joined the Transvaal at that time.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

Despite a well-started guerrilla war, in 1902 the Boers were forced to surrender to British forces.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

Despite the defeat they suffered, they managed to retain their own language and culture and were able to gain political influence.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The Union of South Africa came into existence on 31 May 1910 with the merger of four British colonies (Kapmaan, Natal, Transvaal and the Free State of Oranje) into a new independent British dominion.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

Among the first key political issues facing the country were the transition of South West Africa (now Namibia) with a League of Nations mandate to control South Africa and the organization of status between blacks and whites in the country's cities.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[20] The government sought to address these issues with the Mines and Works Act 1911, which denied Africans most of the high-skilled mining works reserved for whites.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[21] In 1931, South Africa gained definitively independent state status by the Act of Westminster, but continued to remain a member of the Commonwealth.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

In 1961, the country seceded from the Commonwealth, but rejoined it in 1994.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

During the 1930s, the ethno-nationalist ideology known as Afrikaaner nationalism intensified, and the Pure-Doctrinal National Party (), founded by Daniel François Malan, who resigned from the National Party, emerged as its central implementer.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[22] Under the Second World War, the Afrikaaners were mired in a dispute over South Africa's participation in the war.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

However, Jan Smuts, who rose to become Prime Minister in 1939, took the country to war alongside Great Britain.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[22] Apartheid After World War II, the National Party, reunited for the 1948 elections, set out to campaign for a new policy it called apartheid.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The National Party also pledged to safeguard “the interests and job opportunities of white workers in white areas”, and its election campaign used slogans such as Swart gewar (black peril) and Die kaffer op sy plek (Kafferi where he belongs).


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The party won a parliamentary majority in the election, despite receiving less than half of the votes cast, and formed a government under Daniel François Malan.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[23] The apartheid system was developed during the 1950s through the enactment of numerous different laws.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

These laws were usually associated with some acute situation that threatened white supremacy, and their combined effects had not been considered.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

Because of this, the laws caused numerous unwanted effects and conflicts that increasingly began to manifest as the 1960s wore on.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

For example, the purpose of Bantu teaching was to produce obedient African laborers who had been taught to believe that they were less deserving in society than the role of servant.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

Instead, it produced young activists who realised they had nothing to lose by violently opposing the government.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[24] A key feature of the apartheid system was the so-called “grand partheid”.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

In it, various racial groups sought to create their own independent homelands where they were to “develop independently”.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

Ten homelands for blacks, or Bantustans, were established in South Africa.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

Residential areas, buildings, services and public spaces were also classified by race.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

Elsewhere in South Africa, the places of residence and jobs of blacks were accurately determined and they were to have passports.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The Bantustans were unlivable, and more than half of South Africa's blacks lived outside them despite racial encroachment.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

Yet from the 1970s onwards there were attempts to make them independent.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

As the first of these, Transkei declared independence in 1976, followed by Bophuthatswana, Venda and Ciskei.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

In practice, their independence did not materialize, and the independence of any of them was not recognised by any state other than South Africa.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[25] [26] South Africa was separated from the United Nations due to racial ortho policy in 1974.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

It was admitted to membership again in 1994.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[27] The end of apartheid The resistance of the ANC and other organizations to apartheid policies grew over the decades, and eventually the country drifted into a stalemate where the black opposition was unable by force to topple the white government, but the government also failed to succeed to eradicate the opposition.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

Frederik de Klerk, who became president of the country in 1989, felt that the foreign and domestic political situation required the opening of negotiations with organisations that opposed apartheid.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

He believed that by negotiation it would be possible to achieve a better outcome for the white population of the country if they were conducted while the government was still relatively strong militarily.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[28] After nearly three years of negotiations, the various parties managed to establish a conciliatory solution on the separation of powers and the date of the elections.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

During the negotiations, political violence in the country increased due to the activities of white, predominantly Afrikaaner nationalist far-right movements and the Inkatha Freedom Party.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

In 1993, elections were held in the country, in which all ethnic groups were allowed to participate for the first time.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The election saw an ANC-led coalition rise to the leadership of the country.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The ANC received 62.7% of the votes cast in the election, falling slightly short of the 2/3 majority required to amend the constitution.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The National Party became the second largest party in the country with 20.4% support.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

On May 9, South Africa's new parliament unanimously elected Nelson Mandela as the country's new president.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[29] Frene Ginwala was elected Speaker of the National Assembly of the country.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[30] In 1995, the Government of National Unity appointed the Truth Commission () to investigate crimes during apartheid.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The Commission heard testimony from victims of crime, and those who committed crimes for political reasons could apply to the Commission for clemency against a full honest confession.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[31] The Truth Commission is widely regarded as a successful attempt to unravel the country's traumatic political history.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[32] The Truth Commission was chaired by Desmond Tutu, Archbishop Emeritus of the Anglican Church of South Africa, who was awarded the 1984 Nobel Peace Prize.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[33] Even after the abolition of apartheid, the difference in the standard of living of blacks and whites has not disappeared.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The standard of living of whites corresponds to the peak in industrialized countries but hardly the African average for blacks.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[34] Governance and Politics South Africa is a constitutional democracy with a three-tier model of government and an independent judiciary.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The administration is divided into national, provincial and local levels.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

Consultative bodies of traditional African leaders also operate at both the country-wide and provincial level.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The country's bicameral parliament is based in Cape Town.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The National Assembly () consists of 350—400 elected representatives elected for five-year terms.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

In the National Assembly, the number of seats for different political parties is proportional to the number of votes received by a party in elections.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[35] The largest group in the parliament elected in 2009 is the ANC, which gained 264 seats.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

There were 67 representatives of the Democratic Party (DA), 30 for the People's Congress (COPE) and 18 for the Inkatha Freedom Party.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[36] In 2014, the ANC's majority was reduced, but it is still the largest party.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

Similarly, DA's number of votes increased.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The People's Congress lost considerably seats.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[37] The second chamber of Parliament is the Council of Provinces (), consisting of 54 permanent members and 34 special delegates.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

Each province in the country sends 10 representatives to the Council, 6 of whom are permanent members and 4 are special delegates, headed by the head of the province or a member of the provincial Legislative Council appointed by the head of the head.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

Local government representatives are also permitted to participate in the work of the council.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

However, they are not allowed to vote.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[35] The head of state of South Africa is a president elected from among himself by the National Assembly for a period of five years, no more than two consecutive terms.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

Previously, the president was essentially a representative and ceremonial person, but in 1984, when the office of prime minister was abolished, the president was made the head of the government and thus has significant power, but unlike presidents in general, he is answerable to parliament.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

This makes South Africa's statesmanship exceptional.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The government consists of a president, a vice president and 25 ministers.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The vice president and ministers are appointed by the president and may also dismiss them.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

Only two ministers can be elected from outside the National Assembly.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[35] Bills to the National Assembly may be proposed by ministers and deputy ministers or members of the National Assembly committee.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

Any bill can be considered by the National Assembly.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

In the Council of Provinces, draft laws may be made by its members or committees, and laws may only relate to certain matters defined by the Constitution.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

Bills approved by the National Assembly are sent to the Council of Provinces, which can reject the Act or propose amendments to it.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

In these cases, the National Assembly must reconsider the law and may choose to override the Council of Provinces by a 2/3 majority.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[35] Constitutional amendments required a 2/3 majority in the National Assembly and the support of six provinces in the Council of Provinces.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

Amending the first chapter of the Constitution, which defines the fundamental values of the state, requires a 75% majority.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[35] Politics South Africa has been governed since the first free elections in 1994 by an ANC-led coalition with a majority in the National Assembly and controls eight of the country's nine provinces.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The ANC has managed to increase its popularity, with 62.7% support in the 1994 elections, 66.35% in the 1999 election and 69.69% in the 2004 election.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[38] However, 13 different parties are represented in the country's parliament.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[39] After Nelson Mandela left politics before the 1999 election, Thabo Mbeki, who was re-elected in 2004, became president of the country.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

Mbeki was at odds with his former vice president Jacob Zuma, who was elected to the ANC leadership in December 2007.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

On September 20, 2008, at the insistence of the ANC party leadership, Mbeki agreed to resign from the office of president before the end of his term [40], after charges driven by Mbeki against Zuma had been dismissed in court.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The country's acting president until elections in April 2009 was Kgalema Motlanthe [41], after which Mr Zuma ascended to the leadership of the country.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

Jacob Zuma is accused of corruption, and the National Congress decided in February 2018 to dismiss him, but he demands a lengthy resignation, to which again the National Congress would not agree to.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[42] The ANC's main allies have been the trade union movement COSATU and the Communist Party of South Africa (SACP), which has participated in the country's parliamentary elections from ANC candidate lists.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

Tensions developed in relations between the allies in the early 2000s as COSATU and SACP demanded greater influence in deciding the country's economic policies.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[43] Disagreements led to the creation of a new party, Congress of the People (COPE), in the autumn of 2008, when supporters of former President Thabo Mbeki resigned from the ANC.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[44] The party challenged the ANC in the 2009 election with a programme that relies on strong economic growth and support for business.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[44] The party declares itself to be social democratic and that it belongs to the left.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[45] The Democratic Alliance (DA), founded in June 2000, has emerged as the main opposition party in the country, which arose from the alliance of the Democratic Party and the New Nationalist Party.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The DA was chaired until the spring of 2007 by Tony Leon, the former chairman of the Democratic Party.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The DA has sought to increase its popularity among the country's black population, but has so far been unsuccessful.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

Its adherence comes mainly from the white middle class.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[43] Since 1994, South African politics have been moderate.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

White right-wing parties such as the Conservative Party and the openly racist Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging (AWB) have become marginalised.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The Afrikaaner nationalist Freedom Front plus pushing for the establishment of the Boer Volkstate has also failed to garner significant support.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The Pan-African PAC has also performed poorly in elections.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[43] The country has been experiencing increasing protests since 2004, mostly against local government.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

Some of them have been violent [46].


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The unrest stems from, among other things, lack of basic services such as water and housing and the growing income disparity between rich and poor [47] Foreign policy During the apartheid regime The most central objective of South Africa's foreign policy was to defend and protect white supremacy perpetuating the political system.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

As a result of this policy, the country was sidelined from international politics and eventually ended up in what is known as “isolation diplomacy.”


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

South Africa was separated from the United Nations (UN) by racial ortho policy in 1974.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

After the 1994 elections, the situation changed, the country was accepted as a member of the UN and it took a central role in African politics.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

Mandela said creating a new foreign policy was key to building a new and prosperous country.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[27] [48] South Africa's new foreign policy highlights the importance of the African continent and the centrality of South Africa in the political and economic future of the continent.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

Thabo Mbeki's administration has implemented this policy through, among other things, SADC ().


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The country also joined the Organisation of African Unity in 1994.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

It has also been actively seeking to participate in the mediation of crises on the continent, including in Burundi and Zaire.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

Despite its international efforts to promote human rights and democracy, South Africa has nevertheless had to haggle over its idealism for realpolitik reasons.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

For example, it has not wanted to get involved in the Zaire and Nigerian crises to secure good relations with these countries and has recognised Communist China over Taiwan for economic reasons.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[48] Recently, South Africa has been criticized for its reluctance to address Zimbabwe's worsening crisis and President Robert Mugabe's regime.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[49] Provinces Prior to 1994, South Africa had four provinces under the Union of South Africa: the Transvaal Province and the Free State Province of Oranje from the former Boer Republics, and the Province of Natal and Kapmaan from the old British settlements province.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

On the basis of suurapartheid policy, an additional ten “homelands” of blacks, or Bantustans, were established in the country.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

[50] After apartheid, the Bantustans were annexed back to South Africa and the country was divided into nine new provinces: Eastern Cape, Free State, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, Northern Cape, Northwest Province and Western Cape.


Question: In what year has urbanization begun in South Africa?

South Africa

The provinces are very diverse in size: The smallest but densely populated Gauteng is only about 17000km² in area and the largest, arid as well as sparsely populated in the Northern Cape at about 362000km².