Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

Health Collie is generally viewed as a healthy breed.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

Collie is a member of the Finnish Kennel Club's Hereditary Defects and Diseases Resistance Programme PEVISA.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

In order for collie puppies to be registered, their parents must have hip and elbow scan statements and eye examination results.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

Hereditary diseases of the short-haired collie include e.g.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

hip joint dysplasia, CEA and pancreatic insufficiency.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

Hip joint dysplasia, or hip joint growth disorder, is a hereditary defect, but it is not inherited according to a clear and simple formula.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

The appearance of hip dysfunction is also much influenced by environmental factors.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

However, with a smooth-haired collie, there is no hip defect to the problem.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

CEA (Collie eye anomaly) is a generic term for eye diseases known as collierbreed.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

It's very common, but luckily it's only really rarely serious.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

Nowadays there is a genetic test for CEA and breeding dogs are genetically tested quite a lot, so the situation is improving for CEA.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

The first degree of CEA, CH and CRD does not affect the dog's vision in any way.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

Second degree, coloboma usually does not affect the dog's vision.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

The third degree of ablation affects vision impairingly, and the dog may even go blind completely.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

However, it is rare, and most often it is visible only in one eye, in which case vision does not go away completely.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

The fourth form is intraocular hemorrhages.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

It may partially improve, but it is likely that they will reappear with age.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

This is a really rare, but nevertheless infinitely serious condition in the collie, and can cause painful intraocular pressure.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

In smooth-haired collies, eye diseases do not occur as much as in long-haired ones.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

Pancreatic insufficiency is extremely rare and has been found to be hereditary in long-haired collies.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

In smooth-haired collies, the disease has not been encountered in Finland, but it is possible that it also occurs in them.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

The onset of illness is also likely to be influenced by environmental factors.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

Symptoms usually appear at the age of 1—3 years.


Question: What is the height at the withers of a smooth-hairy collie?

Smooth haired Scottish Shepherd

Sources (Finnish Kennel Club, pdf) (Collieworld) References Category:FCI 1 Sheep and cattle dogs (except Swiss shepherds) Category:Shepherd dogs Category:Scottish dog breeds Category:Key articles of screening


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Singapore (; Chinese:新; Pinyin:Xīnjiāpō;), officially called the Republic of Singapore (; in Malay: Republik Singapura; Chinese:新; Pinyin:Xīnjiāpō Gònghéguó; in Tamil:, Ciŋkappūr Kudiyarasu), is a city-state in Southeast Asia.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Singapore lies 137kilometres north of the equator, on the islands at the southern tip of the Malaka Peninsula, the most notable of which is its main island.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

North of Singapore on the other side of the Johor Strait is the Malaysian state of Johor, to the south the Strait of Singapore separates the country from the Riaus Islands, which belong to Indonesia.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[1] Singapore is one of the most densely populated cities in the world; its main island is home to more than five million people, about a fifth of whom are migrant workers from neighbouring countries.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

More than three-quarters of the population are Chinese, Malays make up about 15% and Indians about 8%.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[2] [1] Singapore became a British colony in 1819, and in 1867 it was merged into the Strait Colonies.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

In World War II, Japan occupied Singapore.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

From 1963 to 1965, Singapore was part of Malaysia, but gained independence from it in 1965 due to disagreements.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Following its independence, Singapore developed into Southeast Asia's most substantial port and trading post.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The country's economy is based on trade, downstream industries and banking.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[2] Geography Physical Geography and Climate Singapore consists of a strait-shaped main island and the small, mostly uninhabited islands around it.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

To the south of the islands is Singapore Strait.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Approximately the size of the Finnish metropolitan area, about 40km in diameter, the island is located at 1°22 N latitude.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[3] Between 1965 and 1987, as a result of an extensive land fill programme, the area of the island increased from 586 square kilometres to 636 square kilometres.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

There are 193km of coastline.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Of Singapore's smaller islands, Jurong Island, Pulau Tekong, Pulau Ubin and Sentosa are the largest.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[4] [5] The highest geographical point in Singapore is the 164 metre high Bukit Timah, located in the central part of the main island with many granite hills.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

There are low but steep hill lines in the western and southwestern parts of the island.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The eastern part of the island is instead formed by a flat floodplain into which streams have burst steep-edged valleys.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[3] Singapore has many short rivers, some of which descend into lagoons, mangrove zones or extensive estuaries.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The largest rivers have been dammed into reservoirs.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[3] Two new reservoirs were opened in 2011, after which rainwater is collected from two-thirds of Singapore's area recovered.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[6] Rainwater satisfies half of Singapore's water needs, the rest is supplied from Malaysia.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

In addition, water resources are recycled.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[7] Desalination installations using seawater provide 10% of the water needs.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[8] The climate of Singapore is, according to the Köppen climate classification, a tropical climate with no distinct seasons.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Its climate is characterized by uniform temperature and atmospheric pressure, high relative humidity of air and abundant rainfall.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The temperature ranges from 23 to 35°C.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Relative humidity averages around 90 percent in the morning and 60 percent in the afternoon.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

During prolonged periods of abundant rainfall, relative humidity can often be 100 percent.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Prior to the spread of human settlement, the island was covered with tropical rainforest and mangrove crops.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[3] Cityscape The actual city of Singapore is located in the southern part of the main island, but with urbanization the boundaries between urban and rural areas have become blurred.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The government's Housing and Development Board has distributed services to different areas of settlement, and about four-fifths of citizens now live in high-rise tower blocks in residential areas of the city of Singapore, or in so-called new towns, which include Woodlands, Tampines and Yishun.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Traditional Chinese trading houses have faded away from Singapore's old city, too, to make way for new buildings.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

In addition, there are a few more traditional Malay villages built on piles.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[9] The Indian district of Singapore Little India is located on the east side of the Singapore River, north of Kampong Glam.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Its center, Mustafa Center, is open almost around the clock, and there are many Indian restaurants in the area.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Similarly, the centre of Chinese culture is Chinatown, which, in addition to restaurants and low-cost shopping, houses a museum about the city's Chinese history.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

A Buddhist temple completed in Chinatown in 2007, the Buddha Tooth Relic Temple and Museum, preserves the Buddha's tooth.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[10] More than 1.6 million guests visit Singapore Zoo each year.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The animals are not behind bars, and feeding shows and elephant working shows are held at the zoo.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

There are more than 300 species of animals, about 2800 animal specimens.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[11] Nor are the birds in the Jurong Bird Park in separate cages; the 20-hectare park consists of four large cages, which visitors have access to pass among the birds.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Approximately 900,000 visitors visit the park each year.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[12] Other attractions include the 165 metre high Singapore Flyer Ferris Wheel, Universal Studios Amusement Park, Science Centre on Jurong Island, Botanical Gardens, historic Raffles Hotel and the modern Marina Bay Sands Hotel Casino and Entertainment Centre.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[10] Nature Only small areas remain of Singapore's native nature, such as riverine rainforests and coastal mangrove.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Many plants have been imported to the island from abroad, mainly for ornamental use.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Among the mammalian species, the largest on the island are the Javanese macaque, slowlori and Malay ant cone.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[9] Nearly four thousand species of tube plants grow in the Singapore region.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

364 species of birds, 295 different species of day flies, 98 species of reptiles, 52 species of mammals, 28 species of amphibians and 255 different species of rock corals have been found there.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[13] Of the region's native species, more than half occur in protected areas alone, and many species have become extinct.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[14] Approximately half of Singapore's area is green spaces, and five per cent has been pacified as nature reserves.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The Singapore Parks Department manages about 300 parks and nature reserves.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

One of the most popular parks is East Coast Park, which is visited by about seven million visitors each year.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[13] Protected sites include Bukit Timah Conservation Area, Labrador Conservation Area and Sungei Buloh Wetland Reserve, [15] as well as the extensive Central Catchment Nature Reserve (CCNR).


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[16] History Early stages The location of the present-day Singapore region at the southern tip of the Malaka Peninsula was early on at the crossroads of Southeast Asian trade routes.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Through it passed trade routes from India and Arabia to China and from the rest of the Malay archipelago to China and India on the other.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

In the 6th century, the area of Singapore became part of the Srivijaya Empire and there is thought to be a miniature port.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

In the 14th century, the present island of Singapore was also known as Temasek.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The early town of Temasek was located at the mouth of the present-day Singapore River.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[17] [18] In 1299, the ruler of Srivijaya's capital, Palembang on Sumatra, established a trading base on the island and renamed it Singapura ('lion city').


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[17] The origin of the name is told according to the story to be invented by Sang Nila Utama, Prince of Srivijaya, he is reported to have seen an animal ashore that he thought was a lion.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Singapore's name derives from the Malay word singa (lion), which again derives from the Sanskrit same meaning word सिं, SimHa, and from the Sanskrit word पुर, pura (city).


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[19] The Srivijaya Empire gradually regressed, and the kingdom disintegrated in the 14th century.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The break-up was mainly due to the increase in power of merchant ships coming from China's direction.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Srivijaya was also a frequent target of attacks from the direction of Java and Siam.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

With the dissolution, the new emerging great powers of the region, Majapahit and the Ayutthaya Kingdom sought the region for themselves.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[17] [20] King Paramesvara of Palembang fled the 1388 conquests of Majapahit to Singapura, where he received refuge.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

However, he assassinated the ruler of Singapura and usurped power for himself.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

However, his rule lasted only a few years before he relocated to Malaka, where he established his new centre of power, as Malaka on the mainland was in a more sheltered place against the Majapahites.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

In Malaka, Paramesvara converted to Islamism and founded in 1414 the Malacca Sultanate, which soon conquered Singapura as well.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[17] In the 16th century Europeans arrived in Southeast Asia.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The Portuguese conquered the Malacca Sultanate in 1511.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The Sultan of Malacca fled to Johor and established the Johore Sultanate there, to which Singapura also belonged.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[21] The Portuguese burned down the trading base of Singapura in 1611, and the island was left without significant settlement for a couple of centuries.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[17] Establishment of Singapore in the 18th century The Sultanate of Johore began the cultivation of gambiir lucrative for trade and due to huge demand, its cultivation was also started on the island of Singapore in the early 19th century.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[17] During the same period around the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, Britain and Holland engaged in a heated struggle over their colonial status in the Malay archipelago.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Holland had lost territory because of wars in Europe.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The British conquered Java in 1811 but it was returned back to the Dutch as early as 1816.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[22] [23] After the loss of Java, Britain wanted to reassert its dominance in the Malakansas Strait, and in 1818 Thomas Stamford Raffles, who served as Governor of Java, was ordered to seek a new location for a British trading port.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

On 29 January 1819, Raffles beached at the mouth of the Singapore River, where a few hundred people lived at that time.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The area was formally ruled by the Sultan of Johore, with whom Raffles began negotiations to establish a base.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[24] [25] Meanwhile, a dispute over the succession of power was underway in Johore after the death of the Sultan.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Raffles positioned himself to support Tengku Hussein, an older son living in exile, although Britain and Holland had already recognised the younger son Abdul Rahman as the new Sultan.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

On 6 February 1819, Raffles and Hussein signed an agreement whereby the English East Indies Trade Company was allowed to establish a trading colony on the island and at the same time Hussein was recognised as the legitimate sultan of the Johore Sultanate.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Raffles's self-initiated activities rubbed relations between the British and the Dutch.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[24] The newly established Singapore was very successful from the outset, with the main reason being its status as a free port for East Indian commerce.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

It attracted not only merchants but also a permanent population to Singapore.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The new Sultan Hussein of Johore built his palace there, because of which a lot of Malays moved there.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Another large group of migrants were the Chinese in the Southeast Asian region, who hoped to benefit from free trade that they did not have access to elsewhere.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[24] Raffles left the colony after the establishment, and was left to be led by William Farquhar.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The administration's budget was negligible, and because of its free-port status, it received no revenue from customs duties.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

To patch up the budget, Farquhar legalized gambling as well as the sale of opium and strong arrac liquor, causing major organizational problems.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Singapore's other bigger problem was the wads between immigrant groups.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Raffles returned to Singapore in October 1822 and began planning a new town.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Administrative and business blocks came to the coast and ethnic groups were given their own, separate neighbourhoods.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Raffles also overhauled the administration.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[24] Raffles also sought to reduce the power of the Sultan of Johore and the upper class and succeeded in doing so in June 1823, when the Johoreans agreed to a fixed monthly allowance.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Before Raffles returned to Britain in October 1823, he appointed John Crawfurd as Resident of Singapore.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Crawfurd continued Raffles' fight against slavery and piracy, but nevertheless re-legalised gambling.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Singapore's status as part of the British Empire was strengthened by the Treaty between Britain and Holland on 17 March 1824.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The treaty split the Malay archipelago in two, along the Malakansas Strait, with the British gaining the northern part (the Malaka Peninsula and Singapore) and the Dutch the southern parts.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[24] Altogether Singapore passed under British control in August 1824 when Crawfurd secured a negotiated treaty with the Johore Sultanate.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

By treaty, the British gained Singapore and all islands within 10 miles of it.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[26] Singapore grew very rapidly; by 1824 Singapore already had 11000 inhabitants [23] and by the 1870s there were already nearly one hundred thousand people living in the area.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[22] Many commodities were traded in the region, including spices, tea, opium, products from plantations and forests, tin and cloth.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

75% of the inhabitants were Chinese emigrants who served as traders, as well as gambiir and pepper breeders.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[22] The Straits Colonies of the East India Trade Company formed in 1826 an administrative area, the Strait Settlements, which included Malacca, Singapore and Penang.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[23] [27] Penang served first as the capital, but Singapore was made the capital of the Strait Colonies in 1832.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

However, the colonial bureaucracy proved burdensome and costly, and the Strait Colonies were soon transferred to the governor-general of India.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The colonies were not happy with the situation, however, as their economic ties were chiefly to London.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Furthermore, the Indian administration continually sought to revoke the colonies' free-port status, and India was unable to properly protect the settlements against pirates.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The colonies became a crown colony on April 1, 1861.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[27] In this case it also received its own governorship.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The Governor was assisted by an Executive Council and Legislative Council, in which Singapore played a leading role.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[28] Singapore saw a strong increase in trade in the 19th century.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Commerce was based on transit trade.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

In trading between Europeans and Chinese, Chinese brokers played a key role.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Because Chinese brokers used consignment, the risks of doing business were high.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The main problem of trading was pirates from Mindanao and northern Borneo.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

In the 1850s, pirates even crippled trade between Singapore and Kochinchina.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Piracy was brought under control by entering the 1860s.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

It was substantially influenced by the growing influence of European colonial powers in Southeast Asia, as well as the 1860 treaties with China.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[27] In the 19th century, the settlement of Singapore was concentrated in the harbour area and its immediate surroundings.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The rest of the island was jungle and mangrove.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Farming had been attempted with little success in the 1830s and 1840s.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The only successful crops were pepper and gambir.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

An abundance of firewood was required for breeding Gambiir, at the end of which the plantations moved to the new area.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Coming into the 1860s, most of the island's jungle had been beaten and gambire farmers moved across the strait to Johore.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[27] The largest population group in Singapore were the Chinese who had migrated to the island from the Malay Archipelago and the Malaka Peninsula.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Towards the end of the 19th century, more and more Chinese from the southern provinces of China also migrated to Singapore.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

In the first half of the 19th century, Malays were still the second largest population group in Singapore, but towards the end of the century the second largest group were Indians.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

A significant proportion of Indians were former prisoners.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[27] Towards the end of the 19th century, Singaporean businessmen were increasingly interested in the riches of the Malaka Peninsula.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Singapore had long been the centre of transit trade in the Malay archipelago, but now became a transit point for Chinese labour.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Among other things passed through Singapore were Chinese, some of whom remained permanently in Singapore.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The colonial administration established a Chinese protectorate in 1877, with William A. Pickering as its first protector.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Initially, the Protectorate was intended only to protect incoming migrants from exploitation, but soon its mandate also included eliminating forced prostitution.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[28] Singapore's position as a trading centre was further strengthened in the latter half of the 19th century.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The opening of the Suez Canal made the Malakansas Strait the most popular route to the East Indies.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The new steamers required additional fuel at regular distances, and Singapore was one of the refuelling points.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Commerce was also buoyed by the ever-expanding influence of colonial powers from Southeast Asia and the opening up of Thailand under King Chulalongkorn.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Singapore had previously focused mainly on commerce, but in the 1890s light industry was also established in Singapore, refining tin from the Malaka Peninsula, among other things, for the needs of the automotive industry.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[28] The organization of the defence of Singapore had been an ongoing problem since the establishment of Singapore.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

However, traders were staunchly opposed to any taxes and levies needed for defence.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

However, British-Russian relations deteriorated due to Afghanistan in 1886 so much that Britain began fortification work on Singapore.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Traders were also forced to contribute to this, although the sums remained less than what Britain had originally demanded.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The defeat of Russia in the Russo-Japanese War of 1905 calmed the situation in Asia for Britain, and the organization of Singapore's defences was no longer a priority.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The First World War had little effect on Singapore.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[28] The national awakening of the Malaka Peninsula began slowly in the mid-1920s.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The Malay Society of Singapore, the first political party of Malaysian Malays, was founded in Singapore in 1926.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

It did not oppose British colonial rule but was above all opposed to Chinese merchants, whose hands were basically the economy and local government of the entire Malaka Peninsula.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

In the 1930s, Singapore became a hub for Malay opposition due to the lack of free scope for action for the opposition elsewhere in the Malay archipelago.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[29] World War II Japan's trading power in the Malaka Peninsula region grew in the 1930s and became a major competitor to Europeans.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

By the time of the Depression of the 1930s, Japan was perceived as an increasingly high threat in Europe, leading Europeans to begin to impose constraints on Japanese products imported into colonial territories.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Japan felt left more isolated and the United States and Britain were perceived as hostile states.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[30] World War II spread to Singapore in February 1942.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Japan attacked first attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941 and destroyed most of the U.S. Pacific Fleet.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The next day, Japan began the Pacific War by coming ashore in the northern part of the Malaka Peninsula on 8 December 1941.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The Battle of Malay was fought from 8 December 1941 to 31 January 1942.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

By February 1942, Japan had conquered the entire Malaka Peninsula.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[31] [30] The Japanese continued their advance to Singapore Island and from 8 to 15.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

On February 1942, the Battle of Singapore was fought.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[32] The British resources were in the war in Europe, and insufficient investment had been put into the defence of Singapore.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[30] After the Battle of Singapore, the British Army surrendered unconditionally.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[31] [33] At least 5000 Chinese were executed in Singapore by Japanese occupiers and [33] and Europeans were taken to concentration camps.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[30] In Japanese-occupied Singapore, conditions for the population were abysmal.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Tens of thousands of people were killed in Japanese atrocities.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

In addition, the population died from starvation and disease.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Singapore was occupied by Japan for three and a half years.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[30] [25] Japanese forces surrendered only after atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[30] Post-war period and self-rule following the surrender of Japan on 15 August 1945, the British returned to the Malaka Peninsula three weeks later.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The Malaka Peninsula was important to the Britons because of its natural resources, because the eruption of colonial rule that began elsewhere nipped the natural resources needed to rebuild Britain.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

In October 1945, the British announced the establishment of the Malay Federation.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

It would include not only the nine Malacca Peninsula Sultanates, but also the Strait Settlements.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The British decision triggered a fierce storm of protest.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

On the one hand there was opposition to the domination of the British in the Malay League, and on the other hand the Singaporean Chinese.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

As a result, the Malays established the United Malay National Organization (UMNO) with the aim of preventing the emergence of the Malay Federation.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

In talks between UMNO and British administration, the British abandoned the planned Malay alliance.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The British of that rank established in February 1948 the Federation of Malay, to which Singapore was not a part.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[34] After the establishment of the Federation, Singapore continued to remain a British crown colony.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[35] Following the 1955 election, David Marshall became the first official Prime Minister (“Chief Minister”) of the Crown Colony of Singapore, although Singapore did not have full autonomy, so his powers were incomplete.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Marshall's period at the head of the country was difficult, as pro-communism forces sought to destabilise the government by launching strike campaigns.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Unrest erupted in the country as authorities sought to break up illegal picket cordons.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The British were not willing to grant the country full autonomy, as there was fear of communist influence in Europe and it was not believed that Singapore could prevent riots.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[36] Confederation and Independence In the 1959 elections, Lee Kuan Yew of the PAP saw the rise of Lee Kuan Yew of the PAP, who first cut civil servants' salaries, forced laborers to abandon their demands for wage increases and abolished opposition newspapers.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[37] With the coming to power of the PAP, there was a fear in Britain that Singapore was developing into a communist state.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

However, party leader Lee himself was not pro-communist.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[25] [38] Lee and Malay Federal Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman began discussions on confederation in 1961.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Singapore felt that it would be difficult to survive as an independent state, and the British, for fear of communism, did not want to recognise full independence.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[25] [38] The confederation came to fruition on 16 September 1963, with the establishment of the present state of Malaysia.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

After the creation of Malaysia, Lee continued to remain Prime Minister of Singapore, so Malaysia had two prime ministers at the same time.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[37] The creation of a Malaysian state was not approved by neighboring Indonesia.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The country's president, Sukarno, felt that Sarawak and Sabah, which are annexed to Malaysia, on the island of Borneo, should also belong to Indonesia.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Indonesia initiated a violent conflict against Malaysia known as Konfrontas, with disputes over control of Sabah and Sarawak.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Singapore was also targeted with terror and Indonesia sought to create political instability in Singapore by spreading political propaganda, especially among Singapore's Malay population.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[36] The Malay population of Singapore had hoped that accession to Malaysia would bring them the same privileges that the Malay majority of the Malay federal Malay majority prior to confederation.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

There was no acceptance within the PAP that Malay domination would spread to Singapore.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Similarly, UMNO, which holds power on the Malaysian mainland, feared Singapore's Chinese population and Lee's high popularity among it, as the country had a sizeable Chinese minority.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[38] The accession to Malaysia had also been a disappointment in Singapore, as the country did not want tax funds to flow to the poorest regions of Malaysia.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

There was also no progress in the implementation of the common market.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[38] [36] As the Konfrontas continued, Kuala Lumpur also required a greater share of Singapore's revenues to sustain increased national defence expenditure.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Political tensions between Kuala Lumpur and Singapore were high.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[36] Confrontation between the Malay population and the Chinese population grew and violent clashes broke out in Singapore between Malays and Chinese in July 1964.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

On the Malaysian mainland, it was considered that separation of Singapore from the confederation was the only solution to its long race dispute and the spread of Chinese rule.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[38] [36] Conflicts led to the fact that in the summer of 1965 the Malaysian Riksdag enacted a law separating Singapore from Malaysia.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[37] The separation of Singapore was a major setback for Prime Minister Lee, who would have been happy to see Singapore as part of Malaysia.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

After separation, the independent Republic of Singapore emerged on 9 August 1965.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[38] [39] Period of independence In its year of independence 1965, Singapore was accepted as a member of the UN.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Domestically, however, Singapore quickly became a one-party dictatorship led by Prime Minister Lee.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[37] In Singapore led by Lee, the opposition had a couple of nominal representatives in Parliament.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

However, the party programs of the opposition parties did not significantly differ from that of Lee's own party.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[40] The country's government sought to establish a multiracial and multilingual Singaporean identity in independent Singapore.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The government's policy of conciliation was effective and Singapore has escaped social unrest.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[41] [42] Singapore's ability to function as an independent state was doubted, as the country lacked exploitable natural resources, energy production, and no agriculture.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Foreign investors began to be attracted to the country and the country rapidly developed into an important financial centre and export production area.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[43] In the 1970s, Singapore emerged as the economic centre of Southeast Asia due to its modern banking sector and stock exchange.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[44] Lee remained Prime Minister until 1990, a term of 30 years.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Goh Chok Tong, who sidelined Lee's son Lee Hsien Loong, long considered the heir to the throne, was elected as the next Prime Minister.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Lee, however, continued to influence Singapore politics in the scenes.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Officially, his title was “elder statesman”.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[40] Goh remained Prime Minister until 2004.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

After him, the younger Lee became prime minister.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[25] Politics Singapore is a parliamentary democracy based on the Westminster model and whose head of state is the President.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The president was mainly ceremonial at first, but the power of the president was increased in 1991.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The unicameral parliament has 94 members, 84 of whom are elected.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The term of Parliament is five years.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The government is headed by the Prime


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[9] The People's Action Party (PAP) has ruled the country since independence.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

In 2011, its vote share was lower than ever before, only 60%.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Despite this, the opposition won only six seats - even that was more than ever before.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[45] The PAP's philosophy is “socialist democracy”, and its policies incorporate many features of socialism.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

For example, most of the population lives in government-built housing and state-owned enterprises play a significant role.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[46] Transparency International has long regarded Singapore as the least corrupt country in Asia and one of the cleanest in the entire world.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[47] However, the authoritarian style of governance of Lee Kuan Yew, who served as prime minister for a long time, has attracted criticism.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The country's third prime minister-elect, Lee Hsien Loong, is Lee Kuan Yew's son, but insinuations of nepotism have been met with libel charges.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[48] A few opposition politicians, including Francis Seow, J. B. Jeyaretnam and Chee Soon Juan, say the judicial system favors the PAP.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

PAP representatives have not lost a single defamation trial, but three charges brought by the opposition have ended in a mediation settlement outside the court.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[49] All magazines, TV stations and radio stations in the island nation are controlled by two companies.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

MediaCorp is state-owned, Singapore Press Holdings has close links to the ruling party.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

According to Freedom House, the state punishes so hard for criticizing authorities that the media engages in self-censorship.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

In 2010, there were 3.6 million Internet users.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Pornographic content is filtered, but other dubious material is restricted by licensing control and legal pressure.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[50] Singapore is a non-aligned country and a member of the UN.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

It has participated in UN monitoring and peacekeeping missions in Kuwait, Angola, Namibia, Cambodia and East Timor.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

It strongly supports anti-piracy activities.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Regional cooperation in Southeast Asia is important to it and is active in organisations in the region such as ASEAN and APEC.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[51] In Singapore, penalties for crimes are severe.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Some offences may carry heavy fines, caning or the death penalty.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The country has the highest number of people executed in the world, according to Amnesty International's estimate.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The death sentence can be carried out for first-degree murder and narcotics offenses.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Most of the 400 people hanged between 1991 and 2004 were guilty of drug smuggling.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[52] For a long time, chewing gum was entirely in the pan, but after a free trade agreement with the United States, so-called “health gum” can now be purchased in pharmacies.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The identity of the customers is verified and the information is registered at the time of purchase.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[53] You can get arrested for spitting or throwing rubbish on the ground, and you can face jail time for drunk driving.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[54] Homosexual sex between men is prohibited in Singapore.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Consensual oral and anal sex by straight couples was allowed in 2007.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[55] The economy in Singapore is a highly developed market-based economy.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

In 2010, Singapore ranked number 27 in the Human Development Index and second place in the Economic Freedom Index.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[56] [57] The island nation's gross domestic product per capita corresponds to the rich countries of Europe.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

On a per-capita basis, only Liechtenstein, Qatar, Luxembourg and Bermuda are richer than Singapore.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[58] Purchasing power adjusted gross domestic product in 2011 was USD 318.9 billion, or US$60500 per capita.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The unemployment rate was two percent.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[59] According to the Global Financial Centres Index list, Singapore was the fourth most significant financial centre in the world in 2011.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[60] Agriculture employs 0.1% of the labour force.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Its share of GDP is not significant, but the products are distinctive: they include orchids and aquarium and pond fish, as well as vegetables, poultry and eggs.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[59] The city-state's economy creates numerous high- and low-skill jobs, for which it needs foreign labour to fill.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The country's workforce consists, for the most part, of locals, Indians, Malaysians and Filipinos.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The government is working to assimilate the migrants and offer them citizenship.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Approximately 76 per cent of Singaporeans aged 25 to 64 are in employment.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[61] In 2011, unemployment was 2%, among the 12 lowest in the world.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[59] The most significant export products are electronics, machinery, pharmaceuticals and other products of the chemical industry.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[59] The country's economy is highly dependent on exports as well as its position as a centre of international commerce.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Singapore enacted a Goods and Services Tax (GST) in 1994.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Tax reform increased state revenues by $1.6 billion and reduced revenue dependence on the electronics industry.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

VAT is seven per cent.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[62] Singapore was badly hit by the 2001 global recession and the Economic Review Committee (ERC) created a plan to reform the economy.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[63] The economy has since recovered, with economic growth of 8.4% in 2004.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The government hopes to find new growth areas in the long term that are less vulnerable to changes in external business cycles, but aims to keep Singapore as a hub for business and high tech in Southeast Asia.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[64] Transport Modes of transport of particular importance to Singapore's economy are maritime and air transport.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The shipping and maritime industry employs more than 150,000 people and accounts for about 7% of Singapore's GDP.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[65] Air transport and aerospace are responsible for a generous 5% of GDP and employs around 119000 people.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

If the contribution of air transport is added through tourism, it is estimated that the importance of air transport will reach almost 9% of Singapore's GDP.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[66] Singapore is a major hub for air transport and an important hub for both intra-Asian and European-Australian flights.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Changi International Airport is one of the busiest connected airports in Asia, [67] and has often been considered one of the best airports in the world.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[68] Changi is the home ground of Singapore Airlines, Singapore's national airline.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The Port of Singapore is among the busiest cargo ports in the world, along with the ports of Shanghai and Hong Kong.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[69] The bridge between Woodlands and Johor Bahru can also be reached on the Malaysian side by car or train.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[70] There are busy ferry services from Singapore to Batam and Bintan islands in the Indonesian Riaus Islands south of the strait.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[71] Singapore's road network is well developed, but congestion is an ongoing problem.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

In the 1980s and 1990s, the government developed the Mass Rapid Transit subway system (MRT) to connect major outfit centers with jobs and the city center.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[9] MRT is the main rail network for public transport in the country.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[72] Singapore is connected to the Malaka Peninsula by a railway bridge at the point of Johor Bahru city.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[9] Population Ethnic groups, religions and languages Singapore is home to more than five million people (5,399,200 at the end of 2013 [74]).


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

After decades of family planning, the country has a low birth rate, which is being sought to be raised by incentives.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Singapore is the second most densely populated country in the world.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

About 85 per cent of Singaporeans live in housing provided by a government agency called the Housing and Development Board (HDB), which builds the flats and then sells them at low prices to residents who need housing.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[75] The population is diverse compared to many other countries.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The Chinese, who have been the majority since the colonial period, constitute 76.8 [59]% of Singaporeans.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Malays, who are indigenous people of the country, make up 13.9 [59]%.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[76] Indians are the third largest ethnic group, they comprise 7.9% of the population.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[59] They are for the most part native to Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka in southern India and speak Tamil.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[76] Other smaller populations make up 1.4% of the population.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[59] Ethnic harmony has been a major issue since the racist riots of the 1960s.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

It is emphasised across society, for example in education, the armed forces and housing policy.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Each year, a special day of ethnic harmony is celebrated.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[77] In the 2015 census, 33.2% of Singaporeans were Buddhist.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Christians made up 18.8% of the population, Muslims 14.0%, Taoists 10.0%, Hindus 5.0% and other religions represented 0.6% of the population.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The non-religious population accounted for 18.5%.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[78] Islam is the main religion of the Malay population.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Taoism, Confucianism and Buddhism have merged into one for the majority of the Chinese population.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The majority of Tamil people are Hindu, which is the sixth largest religion in the country.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[76] The national language is Malay for historical reasons.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The official languages are English, Mandarin Chinese, Malay and Tamil.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[59] English has been popular as the language of the country since independence and is spoken by a majority of the population.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The Speak Mandarin Campaign (Speak Mandarin Chinese Campaign) has encouraged the Chinese population to study Mandarin Chinese.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Initially, Chinese immigrants did not understand each other because they originated from different parts of China, but during the campaign, Mandarin Chinese became a unifying factor.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[79] [80] Healthcare Singapore's health care and social security are based on social security accounts.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Citizens finance, among other things, their health care, unemployment and pensions themselves through compulsory deductions from wages, and for example, there is no unemployment benefit [81] and the state helps only in emergency cases.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Singapore has some of the lowest healthcare costs in the world and quality and performance among the best.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[82] Singapore has lower health expenditure per capita than in Finland or the United States, for example, but still has a longer life expectancy.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[83] Singaporeans pay for their health care one-fifth of what U.S. citizens, but their health is better.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

This is largely due to incentives: people pay a big deductible for their health spending themselves.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Health accounts (Medisave), insurance and, in case of emergency, government assistance ensure that everyone receives adequate care anyway.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[84] According to WHO, in 2010, the Singapore State spent USD 2273 per capita on health care, i.e. 4% of GDP, while Finland spent US$3281, or nine per cent of GDP, in the same year.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[85] The infant mortality rate in Singapore is the lowest in the world, at 2.31 children per 1,000 births (3.47 in Finland) [86].


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Education The six-year primary school is compulsory in Singapore.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Elementary school teaching requirements are set by the Ministry of Education in conjunction with public and private schools.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The country has no clear boundaries between public and private schools.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[87] In January 2003 compulsory education was enacted for all school-age children.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Under the law, it is punishable to fail to enroll a child in school and to fail to worry about the child's regular schooling.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[88] English is the first foreign language and language of instruction in many subjects.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

According to former Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew, English is the language that unites all Singaporeans regardless of ethnic and cultural background and incorporates Singapore to the rest of the world.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[79] The National University of Singapore (NUS) is one of the most prestigious universities in the world.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

In 2012, it was ranked 29th on the World University Rankings list.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[89] Culture Language and identity Singaporean culture is unique due to the variegated background of the population, and the country has had to build its own identity during its existence since independence from Malaysia in 1965.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Historically Singapore belongs to Malay culture, the language of the country has again been influenced by colonial power Britain.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Yet Chineseness and internationalism are the most noticeable cultural things in Singapore.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The country has sought to create a single cohesive culture out of many influences.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[90] The most famous examples of the country's culture have been retrieved from Singaporean cuisine; the culture's metaphor is the rojak salad, whose diverse ingredients indistinguishable, although everything is covered by a distinctive peanut sauce.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Singaporeanism is compared to a sauce that binds the different ingredients together.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[91] The English language used in Singapore is predominantly British English tinged with American English.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The local dialect or creole language is known as Singapore Colloquial English, but usually only the name singlish is used from it.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

It has borrowed vocabulary and grammar from Chinese languages, Malay and Indian languages.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Singlish very much resembles Manglish (English spoken in Malaysia).


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Singlish's occupancy varies.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

In everyday life it is commonly used, but in official contexts English is spoken.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The Speak Good English Movement has encouraged Singaporeans to speak “good” English.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[92] Recently, the meaning of singlish has also been seen as an important part of cultural identity.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The use of English has increased since it was introduced as the main language in Singapore's education system.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

English has been used in Singaporean literature since the 19th century, but today literature appears in all four major languages: Chinese, English, Malay and Tamil.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[93] The goal of the state has been to create a cosmopolitan and multicultural society.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Until the late 1990s, the government has sought to promote Singapore as a hub for arts and culture such as theatre and music.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

In 2003, the Esplanade - Theatres on the Bay was completed.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

In 2005, gambling was legalised and a decision was made to create “integrated resorts” with casinos.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

At the same time, bar-top dancing and bungee-jumping were legalized.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The decisions were preceded by heated political debate.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[94] Film The Singapore film industry actually began in the 1930s, when two Singaporean film companies began producing re-filmatisations of Indian films.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The directors were predominantly Indian, the scripts were kept intact, but the actors were local.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The films had plenty of dance and singing scenes and proved to be very popular.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

After the break caused by World War II, film production followed a pre-war success formula: refilmatisations of Indian films, in which song and dance numbers and romantic plots played a significant part.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

This feature has persisted in Malayalam and Singaporean films into the 21st century.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[95] Film production increased considerably in the 1950s and is considered to be the golden age of Singaporean and Malaysian cinema.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

It was also then that the genres typical of Malay cinema began to take shape.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The Bangsawan- and Indian-influenced musical continued to be popular.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Alongside it came a crime film influenced by Chinese and film noir films, as well as a horror film that drew on both Hollywood horror film imagery and Malay's own mythology.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Own film production gradually began to clot starting in the 1960s as Hollywood and Hong Kong films took over the market.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[95] Singaporean film production took a new boom in 1995, as Bugis Street and Mee Pok Man performed well.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The state began supporting film production in 1998.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Jack Neon Money No Enough broke 1999 records with profits of 2 million Singapore dollars and also made it to international circulation.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[95] Salmician culture During the 19th century, a distinctive Strait Chinese culture developed in the Strait settlements.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

It is a mixed culture that combined Chinese, Malay and Western elements.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Typical in architecture were the two-story terrace houses of Chinese merchants, uninhibited combining different styles.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The temple architecture emphasized the traditions of southern China, as most Strait Chinese people were native there.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The temple architecture influenced the clan houses of the Strait Chinese, which were the centre of social life of one genus or community from the same locality.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

In the arts, the Strait Chinese brought in Chinese tradition.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The most characteristic of the Strait Chinese art form was finger puppet theatre.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[96] Salmician culture disappeared with the Great Depression in the 1930s.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

There are no more townhouses left of it especially in Malaysian Malaka and George Town, as well as some in Singapore.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

In addition, finger puppet theatre is still somewhat popular.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[96] Sports Singapore Sports Centre is a sports complex located in Kallang District, centred on the National Stadium, completed in 2014, which replaced the former National Stadium when completed.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The new stadium can accommodate 55,000 spectators.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The stadium is used by Singapore football, rugby and cricket national teams, among others.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

In addition, the stadium hosts athletics events and concerts.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Adjacent to the stadium are an indoor sports arena and an aquatics centre.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[97] [98] [99] Popular sports in Singapore include cricket, badminton, basketball, rugby, football, cycling, swimming and table tennis.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[100] At the Olympics, Singapore's most successful sport in terms of number of medals is table tennis.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

The country's first Olympic victory was achieved by swimmer Joseph Schooling at the 2016 Summer Olympics.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[101] [102] The first Youth Olympics were held in Singapore in 2010.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[103] The Singapore Grand Prix, a Formula One season sectional event, has been organised on the Singapore street circuit since the year.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[104] The Singapore GP is the only evening race of the Formula One season.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[105] The street circuit is built annually for the F1 sectionals in the Marina Bay area of Singapore's core centre.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

[106] Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Heikkilä-Horn, Marja-Leena & Miettinen, Jukka O.| title = Southeast Asia.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

History and cultures| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 2005 (2nd edition) | id = ISBN 951115771X}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Leitch LePoer, Barbara (ed.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

) | title=Singapore: A Country Study| location = Washington| publisher = GPO for the Library of Congress| year = 1989| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: How much coastline does Malaysia have?

Singapore

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.| format = [Country Studies US] | accessdate = 21.10.2012}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Barwise, J.M; White, N.J.| title = Travel Guide to History, Southeast Asia| others = Translated by Top, Anne| location = English | publisher = Oy uniPress Ab| year = 2002| id = ISBN 951-579-212-6}} Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) References on the subject elsewhere Category:Asian capitals * Category:Key articles on screening Category:42 Asia


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

Parish (abbreviation srk or srk.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

[1], Greek, ekklēsia 'assembly called together; people's assembly', in UT Greek 'congregation') is a community formed by Christians.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

In Finland, the word congregation usually refers to either the whole of Christendom or the local unit of one of the Christian confessions, although the word may also refer to local spiritual communities outside of Christianity.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

For example, let's talk about an Islamic congregation, an Evangelical Lutheran congregation, Free Directions congregations or a Pentecostal congregation.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

Instead, a particular confessional society or its national organization is often referred to as a church.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

However, church and congregation are synonymous in part, especially when talking about Christendom as a whole.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

A congregation may also refer to the crowd present at services or ecclesiastical deliveries at any given time.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

[2] Congregation as a spiritual community Unlike other organizations, the congregation is, according to Christian conception, a sacred, separately “separated from the Lord” supernatural, assembled, led and enlivened by the Holy Spirit, leading people to salvation.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

The Christian congregation is also the “body” of Christ, of which Christians are “members”.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

Through this, the word “member” meaning a part of the body has also acquired a wider meaning.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

[2] Paragraph 20 of the Catechism describes the church and the congregation thus: “Since its early days, the Church has been called the body of Christ.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

It is a living entity whose head is Christ and whose members are to be baptism.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

Although we are different, we share a common faith that connects us to Christ and each other.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

The church is also described as a mother who carries us in her arms and takes care of us.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

“[3] The reflection on the spiritual meaning of the congregation is called church doctrine, that is, ecclesiology.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

It is studied in academic theology by dogmatics.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

Congregation activities Central to the activities of the Christian congregation are meetings called worship services.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

They are normally celebrated on Sundays, which is the day of Christ's resurrection.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

In the early days of Christianity, when the vast majority of Christians were Jewish, worship services were also celebrated on Saturdays, which is the Jewish Sabbath.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

Advent congregations still follow this tradition.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

Jewish congregations meet in synagogues on Saturdays, on the Sabbath.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

The special day of prayer for the Islamic people is Friday, and their worship services are celebrated in the mosque.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

Parish activities often include deaconry work as well.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

In addition, music often plays an important part in the activities of the parish.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

In Finland, many Christian congregations also have missionary work and active child and youth work.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

For the purposes of its activities, a parish may own real estate, along with a church or rectory, usually parish houses or centres and camp centres.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

Many Evangelical Lutheran congregations in Finland also own other properties or land and forests.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

Congregation Organization The head of a Christian congregation is usually either a learned lay preacher, pastor or priest, in an Islamic congregation an imam.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

Congregations also commonly have some kind of trust body to make decisions related to spiritual work.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

Most parishes are part of some confession with a common doctrine.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

With the exception of the State Church, a parish is usually a registered religious community in Finland or an independent local congregation in the form of association.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

Congregations that recognise common doctrine may also form a revival movement as a community.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

For example, most Pentecostal congregations belonging to the Pentecostal Revival are independent association-shaped units, but some of them have become part of the Pentecostal Church of Finland.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

The parish can also act as a local organization and work in co-Christian cooperation with other congregations, such as the Lighthouse Congregation which serves as a member of the Espoo Ecumenical Commission.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

Christian congregations that operate clearly separately from the state church and state are often referred to as Free Directions.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

Evangelical Lutheran Congregations in Finland The Evangelical Lutheran Church in Finland comprises exactly 400 congregations at the beginning of 2017.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

[4] The largest number of members is the Jyväskylä congregation of about 95 000 members.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

The parish is headed by the vicar, that is, the leading priest.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

In addition, according to church order, the parish must have at least one post of cantor and one deacon.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

As a trust body in the Evangelical Lutheran Church, the Church Council or Parish Council, which makes decisions about the work of the parish, acts.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

The highest decision-making power is exercised by a church council elected from the members of the congregation and by the joint church council within the congregation.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

[2] In the Evangelical Lutheran Church, all clergy, both parish priests and persons ordained to priestly office in other positions, are episcotically governed and supervised.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

The bishop is the supreme leader of parishes and priests.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

Parishes belong to some rovasticity, which in turn belongs to one of the dioceses headed by a bishop.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

However, parishes enjoy extensive administrative, financial and functional self-government.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

A member of the church belongs to the local parish whose territory resides.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

Parish division, as a rule, follows the division of municipalities.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

Parishes may be single- or bilingual (Finnish and Swedish).


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

If there are several parishes within the same municipality, these parishes form a parish group.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

As a rule, parish groups exist in the largest cities with several local parishes, as well as in bilingual municipalities which are linguistically divided into Finnish- and Swedish-speaking parishes.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

Any area of the parish may be, usually the area of the former parish being constituted as a chapel parish, regional parish or church district.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

Parishes may also cover more than one municipal area.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

The diocesan chapter handles the human resources management of the clergy except for matters related to salary and money, since in their finances the parishes are autonomous.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

The clergy thus have autonomy independent of the trust bodies of the congregation to handle matters relating to the proclamation and sacraments of the Gospel.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

According to the books of confession, the parish has the right to elect its priest.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

In the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Finland, this applies to the vicar and chaplains who hold tenured priestly posts.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

Parish pastors are appointed by the Chapter.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

In addition to office holders and other employees, congregations often operate a wide range of volunteers who participate in a variety of ways in the spiritual service mission of the congregation.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

Parishioners also exist as trustees in various institutions.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

[2] Church law dictates that the congregation of the Evangelical Lutheran Church shall provide for the spiritual education and teaching on its territory, the holding of services, ecclesiastical ordinances, soulcare, deaconry and missionary work, and the service and service of the Christian message of declaratory missions.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

In addition, the Funeral Home Act mandates the maintenance of public cemeteries and the assignment of a grave site to residents of their own municipality.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kurronen, Era & Aspegrén, Jorma (ed.


Question: How many members do I belong to the Community of Christ?

parish

) | title = Parish trustee basic| location = Helsinki| publisher = Bookshop| year = 2002| id = ISBN 951-625-868-9}} On topic elsewhere Category:Christianity Category:Key articles of screening


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

The Tibetan Highlands [1] [2] (, Wylie: bod sa mtho;, pinyin Qīngzàng Gāoyuán) is the world's most extensive and highest situated highlands in the southern part of Central Asia in western China between the Kulus Mountains and the Himalayas.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

Depending on the source, the massif covers an area of approximately 2.2 [2] or 2.6 million square kilometres [3] and averages between 4800 and 4900 metres above sea level.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

The massif has snow-capped mountains rising to an altitude of more than 7000 m.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

Among the administrative regions of China, the Tibet Autonomous Region and Qinghai are placed in the highlands as a whole.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

The Tibetan highlands may be very hot in summer and cold in winter.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

Precipitation accumulates mainly during the summer rainy season.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

Permafrost extends over a large area of the high plateau.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

The air is thin, that is, the air pressure is small.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

The area is widely barren or low-growing, often mainly grasses, grasses and sedge-like plants if any.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

Trees grow in the lower western and southern parts.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

The main source of livelihood in the Tibetan Highlands is nomadic, people herd sheep and yaks among others.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

Geography This highland area called the 'canopy of the world' has been elevated and corrupted by the formation of mainly Alpine (Tertiary and Mesozoic) mountain ranges.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

Tibet contains east-west parallel mountain ranges that converge in the west as the Karakorum up to 8000 m high and the Pamir and Hindu Kush nodes.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

To the east, the queues turn to the southeast.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

There are valleys left between the queues, widening into low-edged basins in the central section.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

Middle, or Inner Tibet, has elevation differences almost invariably below 500 m, while the eastern part alternates southeastward mountain ranges and deep ravine-like river valleys between them.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

Himalayan (Mount Everest, Tib.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

Jolmo Lungma or Chomolungma, 8848 m) and between Transhimalaya and Karakoram lie the upper reaches of the Brahmaputra (Tsangpo in Tibet), Indus and Sutlej deep and in width ranging from valley bottom.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

The centre of Tibet is formed by the unparched Changtang highlands located between Kunlun and Transhimalaya, with an elevation of 4500—5000 m above sea level and a length of 2400 km (in a west-east direction) and a width of 700—800 km (in a north-south direction).


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

The most notable mountain range in the central part is Tanglha (Tanggulashamai).


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

The valleys of the central part of the massif are at an altitude of about 4500—4800 m [4].


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

The Tsighai Massif, the north-eastern part of the Tibetan Massif, lies between Nanšan and its extension Astin Tagh (Altyn Tagh, or Aerjinshanmai) and Bjan Kara (Bayankalashanmai), the southern main queue of Kunlun.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

In its northern part are the Tsaidam Basin and the Kukunor, China's largest salt lake.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

The southeastern border of Tibet is vague.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

The upper reaches of the major rivers of China and Rear India (Yellow River, Yangtze, Mekong and Salween) begin in the snow-capped and ice-capped mountains of Tibet fairly close together and descend between the parallel watershed mountains (Bajan Kara Mountain, Ningjingshan and Taniantawengshan) to the south-southeast ( Huangho, however, to the northeast.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

Transhimalaya is the main watershed between the unparted regions of Inner Asia and the waters that descend into the Indian Ocean (Indus, Ganges and Brahmaputra, or Yaluzangbujiang).


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

In Changtang there are inter-mountain ranges depressions filled and levelled by gravel generated by frost plastering or covered by low-lying salt lakes (among them Namuhu, Qilinhu, Tanggulahu and Anglalnghu).


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

The highlands have hot mineral neighborhoods in places [5].


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

Administrative Areas Administratively, the Tibetan Highlands extends into six county-level administrative regions in China.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

The Tibet Autonomous Region and Qinghai are located in the highlands as a whole.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

In addition, the northwestern corner of Yunnan, the western part of Sechuan, southwestern parts of Gansu and southern parts of Sinkiang Ranges lie in the highlands.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

[3] The Chinese name of the highlands consists of the abbreviations of Qinghai and Tibet Autonomous Region (Qīng and Zàng) and the word gāoyuán 'highland'.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

The meaning of the Chinese name is therefore 'Qinghain—Tibetan highland'.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

[2] Climate Although in the subtropical zone, the climate of the Tibetan Highlands is harsh due to the altitude and drought in the region [5].


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

Sun shine is intense in the Tibetan highlands [4], but the air is thin.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

Thin dry air warms up quickly in the sun, but at night the temperature drops rapidly [5].


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

The climate of the Tibetan Highlands is cold, windy and dry, but in the south and especially in the east the weather is milder.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

Climatic differences between the northern and southern parts of the massif are large.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

The climate of the central, western and northern parts is extremely continental.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

Only the eastern and southern periphery areas are under the influence of the monsoon.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

Many times there are sandstorms in summer and day-long snowstorms in winter [5] [6].


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

The average temperature in the summer months is between 10°C and 15°C in northern Tibet, Changtang with annual rainfall below 100mm.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

In the northern parts, the average January temperature is −20°C.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

Generally, rainfall totals rise from northwest to southeast.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

The eastern parts of Tsinghai are also within the peripheral mountains of Tibet, the climate may change in a narrow range from the subtropics (bottom of the valley) to the nival (snow-climate) zone.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

The snow limit is 4700m in eastern Tibet and 6100m in central Tibet [4].


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

The highlands may reach +20°C during the warm season and −10°C at night [4].


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

Few rains usually come in the form of snow, sleet and hail [4] [7], most commonly in summer.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

Thus, the weather is rapidly fluctuating in the highlands, and the air may get cold suddenly.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

Winter lasts about six months [4] with persistent high winds [4].


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

In Tsangtang, temperatures can drop within 24 hours to 27°C [8].


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

The best time of year for humans in Tibet is from May to early November [8], when the valleys of southern Tibet are quite mild.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

However, dust storms occur in May—June [8].


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

July—August is the rainy season when it falls about half of the year's rain [8].


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

October—November is quite warm during the day in low-lying Tibetan areas, and the air is generally sunny [8].


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

In the high highlands, snow disrupts traffic in December—February, but the Lhasa, Shiangtse and Tsetang valleys lower remain fairly snowless [8].


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

In March, there are already quite warm, sunny days.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

Spring does not come to Tibet until April, but even this time there may be sudden colds [8].


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

At an altitude of about 3600 m in southern Tibet, there is very little rain in the regions of Lhasa from October to April [8].


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

Rainfall is more abundant compared to the northern part of Tibet, between 500 and 1500mm, varying from year to year according to monsoon [4].


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

Vegetation The vegetation of the valleys of the Tibetan Highlands is often sparse and scarce, predominantly grasses, sedges and shallow herbaceous plants.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

Vegetation is The highlands are partly cold almost plant-free desert, but mainly cold mountain steppe and mountain meadow [9].


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

In northern Tibet, Changtang has extensive snow and ice fields, as well as rock and gravel plaques, which are at most deserts covered with lichen and moss or desert steppes growing with xerophytic mattress plants and dwarf shrubs.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

In some places there are also rot marshes and salt marshes on the shores of salt lakes [4].


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

In the Kukunor basin, the vegetation is already quite lush.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

It is not until southern and southeastern Tibet that there are enclosed forests, with tree species (among them laurel trees, some summer vegetable deciduous trees, spruce trees and larches) changing depending on the height of the breeding site.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

Due to favorable moisture conditions, the forest border rises in the southeast (Sechuan) to 4600 meters.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

Above the forest boundary is rhododendron scrub and grass.


Question: How deep is the Indus River?

Tibetan Highlands

The snow limit will be met at a height of 4000—6000 m.