Question: What does strength doctrine mean?

Strength doctrine

Elongation Elongation measures the magnitude of the distortion of the shape of a volume embryo compared to the original situation.


Question: What does strength doctrine mean?

Strength doctrine

Thus, the movements of the rigid body do not affect the elongation.


Question: What does strength doctrine mean?

Strength doctrine

Elongation is a material-independent dimensionless vector suture ([m/m]) obtained in the case of small displacements by taking a derivative from the deformation state with respect to the coordinate axes used in different directions.


Question: What does strength doctrine mean?

Strength doctrine

In the three-dimensional case, the 3x3 deformation matrix thus obtained uniquely expresses the distortion of the volume element.


Question: What does strength doctrine mean?

Strength doctrine

From it, for example, local structure volume change, clipping, elongations and cuts in the desired directions and, for example, main elongations can be derived.


Question: What does strength doctrine mean?

Strength doctrine

The main elongations are obtained by rotating the review coordinate system so that the intersections in that direction disappear.


Question: What does strength doctrine mean?

Strength doctrine

Link between elongation and tension This constitutive connection connects elongation and stress vectors.


Question: What does strength doctrine mean?

Strength doctrine

If the connection is linear (elasticity of the material), then there is a case of (generalized) Hooke's law.


Question: What does strength doctrine mean?

Strength doctrine

In this case, we obtain the stress vector directly by multiplying the elasticity vector by the elasticity matrix, and further exemplify the external loads by finding out the support reactions implementing the balance of loads on the edges of the piece.


Question: What does strength doctrine mean?

Strength doctrine

By taking an inverse matrix from the elasticity matrix, the so-called elasticity matrix, and multiplying by this stress vector, one can in turn find out the local elongations.


Question: What does strength doctrine mean?

Strength doctrine

By taking the elongation integral over the structure, one can in turn elongate the deformation state of the entire structure.


Question: What does strength doctrine mean?

Strength doctrine

The solution also requires compatibility l. Compatibility condition, which take into account the fact that elongations cannot be entirely arbitrary, but the different elongation components must be compatible with each other.


Question: What does strength doctrine mean?

Strength doctrine

In the general case, however, the connection between elongation and tension is not linear or even single-conception.


Question: What does strength doctrine mean?

Strength doctrine

For example, a plastic material admits after a certain material-dependent stress level, and as the load leaves, permanent elongations (and these corresponding residual stresses) remain on the structure.


Question: What does strength doctrine mean?

Strength doctrine

Permanent elongation in this context most often refers to deformations remaining in the structure, which do not go away when the load leaves.


Question: What does strength doctrine mean?

Strength doctrine

Thermoplastics, for example, are often very plastic.


Question: What does strength doctrine mean?

Strength doctrine

The material can also crack.


Question: What does strength doctrine mean?

Strength doctrine

With brittle substances, this happens with almost the same elongation as admission.


Question: What does strength doctrine mean?

Strength doctrine

Creep is understood as increasing elongations with time even at a constant load.


Question: What does strength doctrine mean?

Strength doctrine

There are numerous other possibilities for the behavior of materials under load.


Question: What does strength doctrine mean?

Strength doctrine

The mechanical behavior of materials is studied entirely by its own discipline, Materials Doctrine.


Question: What does strength doctrine mean?

Strength doctrine

Strength hypothesis The strength hypothesis is a theory that predicts whether a material can withstand some stress state without damage.


Question: What does strength doctrine mean?

Strength doctrine

The local stress and elongation state of the structure are therefore vector large.


Question: What does strength doctrine mean?

Strength doctrine

However, the strength values associated with the strength of the material, such as the stress (yield limit) causing the material to step up or the breaking limit causing the fracture, are often expressed by only one material value obtained, for example, based on tensile tests on a traction rod.


Question: What does strength doctrine mean?

Strength doctrine

By strength hypotheses, a scalar reference stress is formed from the real stress (or elongation) vector, which is compared to the result of the tensile experiment.


Question: What does strength doctrine mean?

Strength doctrine

If the reference stress exceeds that material value, the betrayal is assumed to occur.


Question: What does strength doctrine mean?

Strength doctrine

The most common stress hypotheses are the maximum main stress, maximum main elongation, maximum shear stress (Tresca), constant change energy, and constant form distortion energy (von Mises) hypotheses.


Question: What does strength doctrine mean?

Strength doctrine

Today, the von Mises or Tresca criterion is most often used for ductile substances such as steel.


Question: What does strength doctrine mean?

Strength doctrine

For brittle substances (cast iron, concrete), the main stress and main elongation hypotheses are also used.


Question: What does strength doctrine mean?

Strength doctrine

Composite materials, whose strength varies depending on the direction of load, have their own strength hypotheses.


Question: What does strength doctrine mean?

Strength doctrine

Damage to structures The material in the structure can be subjected to such severe stress that damage occurs.


Question: What does strength doctrine mean?

Strength doctrine

In this case, it is a question of excess of the strength of the material


Question: What does strength doctrine mean?

Strength doctrine

The ability of the material to withstand tiring loads or creep may also be exceeded.


Question: What does strength doctrine mean?

Strength doctrine

However, looking at the structure as a whole, it can also be damaged due to loss of stability.


Question: What does strength doctrine mean?

Strength doctrine

Ways to lose stability include buckling, dent and boiling.


Question: What does strength doctrine mean?

Strength doctrine

Practically always as a result, in addition, permanent damage to the structure arising from exceeding the strength of the material.


Question: What does strength doctrine mean?

Strength doctrine

Concepts of Strength Doctrine Key concepts of strength doctrine include: deflection displacement length change elongation (concession) focus buckling, densation of strength large and units span (unit m) cross-sectional area (unit m²) modulus of elasticity (E, unit N/m²) normal force (unit N) shear force (unit N) bending moment (M, unit Nm) bending resistance (W, unit m³) rigidity moment (=stiffness; I, unit m4) stress (σ, unit N/m²) load density (as unit N/m) Sources Pennala, Erkki: Basics of strength doctrine.


Question: What does strength doctrine mean?

Strength doctrine

Handout 407, Otatieto 1992, Espoo.


Question: What does strength doctrine mean?

Strength doctrine

References Category:Continuous Matter Mechanics Category:Materials Science Category:Key articles in screening


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

Franklin Wendell Welker (born March 12, 1946 in Denver, Colorado) is an American voice actor known for his diverse voice roles and especially animal voices, as well as those of Fred Jones and Megatron.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

Biographer Welker was born in Denver, Colorado in 1946 and after graduating from high school he transferred to study in California.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

While attending college, Welker frequently appeared in commercials and began his career as a stand up comedian in 1967.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

Career as a voice actor In one stand up performance where he played a cat and dog fight with his voice an ad producer who was in the audience asked Welker's Friskies dog food dog food to play the role of a dog.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

[1] Welker also agreed to this despite not knowing what voice acting meant.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

With this, Welker ended up as a voice actor and did his first voice roles in animated films in the late 1960s for films such as the film Doctor Dolittle and the animation The Batman/Superman Hour.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

In the 1970s, Welker became known after being in Scooby-Doo animated films in the voice role of Freddie, as well as in several sketch series produced by Hanna-Barbera.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

Scooby-Doo, Where Are You!


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

was Welker's first major role, which he ended up in through the girlfriend of an advertising producer, who thought Welker was suitable for the role of Scooby-Doo.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

He also went to audition at the urging of his agent for the role of Scooby.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

[1] At the same time, Casey Kasem was trying for the role of Freddie.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

Don Messick, who worked for Hanna-Barbera for a long time, eventually landed the role of Scooby, but the voice cast members wanted Welker to try out yet more for the role of Freddie, which he also got.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

Welker said working with Joseph Barbera was very pleased, especially when he was in the same recording studio with experienced voice actors Don Messick, John Stephenson and Henry Corden for the first time.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

In the 1980s Welker became familiar, particularly with The Transformers, where he voiced Megatron, the ruthless leader of the Decepticons from 1984 to 1987, and in the Inspector Gadget cartoon Gadget's dog Brain and Gadget's blood enemy MAD leader Dr. Claw.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

As recently as the late 1980s, Welker voiced Slimer, a green ghost who became familiar from the film Ghostbusters, in the first feature series based on Ghostbusters, in which he was also mainly voiced by Dr. Raymond Stantz.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

In the 1990s, Warner Bros.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

While Animation produced many successful cartoons, Welker earned Welker his first nomination for his voice work on Animaanis when he was nominated for Best Voice Actor at the 1994 Annie Gala.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

The award eventually went to Jeremy Irons, who voiced Scar in The Lion King.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

Welker was also himself involved in the voice acting of the film, for which he did murmurs.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

In the 1990s, he did not only Warner but also voice roles in cartoons produced by Disney, perhaps most notable of which rose to prominence the role of Abu in the Oscar-winning film Aladdin in 1992, which took three years to make.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

A couple of years later, Welker resumed his role in the television series Aladdin based on the film.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

He also made the voices of several animals for The Simpsons from 1991 onwards, the most famous role being Santa's little sidekick right up until 1995, after which Dan Castellaneta, known as the voice of Homer Simpson, took over the character's voice role in 1999.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

As recently as 1995, he did animal voices for one episode in the television series Secret Files.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

In the late 1990s, Welker also made various animal sounds for Johnny Bravo, Dexter's Laboratory and Futurama, and also acted in Futurama thanks to Tress MacNeille as the voice of Leela's pet Nibler.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

In the 2000s, in addition to Freddy, Welker landed the role of Scooby-Doo in the new Scooby-Doo sketch series following the death of the character's original voice actor Don Messick in 1997.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

Prior to that, he appeared on Warner Bros.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

Scooby-Doo films produced directly to DVD produced by Animation include Scooby-Doo and the Witch's Ghost, Scooby-Doo and the Alien Invaders, as well as Scooby-Doo and the Cyber Yacht.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

In the 2000s, Welker has continued to do voice roles in drama films such as Debt of Honor (2000), Scooby-Doo and the Mysterious Island (2002), Looney Tunes: Back in the Rings (2003), and A Day in New York (2004).


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

Along with this, he has done mostly monkey voices for various animated films such as Kim Possible, Codename: Kids Next Door, as well as the film Curious Vili and later the television series of the same name.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

In 2007, several fans were disappointed when the makers of the film Transformers announced Hugo Weaving had received the voice role of Megatron, but as a consolation to fans, Welker was nevertheless in the video game based on the film Transformers: The Game in the role of Megatron, along with Peter Cullen, who voice starred Optimus Prime, as featured in the 1980s animated series The Transformers.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

Despite auditioning for the film, Welker did not get the role because the film's director, Michael Bay, felt Welker's Megatron voice was not suitable for the Megatron he created.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

Two years later Welker got a role in the film sequel Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen, in which he also renewed his old role as Soundwave.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

Along with television series, Welker also made voice roles for films in 2007 when he became the third actor to have served as the voice of Garfield in the film Garfield Wakes Up to Reality.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

The original voice of the character was Lorenzo Music, with whom Welker voice-starred in Garfield's maximum cartoon series in the 1980s and 1990s.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

In 2008, Welker recorded his first television series role as Garfield on “The Garfield Show”.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

In late 2010, Welker returned again to his old role as the voice of Megatron in the series Transformers: Prime.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

Prior to the series, Welker served as the voice of Megatron in the video games of the Transformers film series.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

In April 2011, Welker was heard playing the role of Batman — the Fearless in a series in which the hero adventured with a mystery poppoo familiar from Scooby-Doo.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

The episode was a parody of the 1970s series The New Scooby-Doo Movies, in which Welker impersonated Olan Soule's Batman.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

In the same episode, Welker was also voiced by Fred and Scooby.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

According to the Change The Numbers website, Welker has appeared in 90 films with a combined total of more than $4.9 billion in ticket sales.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

With this, he has been listed first on the all-time TOP 100 ticket sales list [2].


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

Welker also ranks first on the 1990s ticket sales list [3] and second on the 1980s list [4].


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

Welker said in an interview after about 30 years as a voice actor he has noticed a greater increase in actors doing voice roles for animated films.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

By entering the industry itself for the first time, there were only a handful of actual voice actors, but especially since the 2000s Warner Bros.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

With the success of cartoon series produced by Animation and Walt Disney Television Animation, the making of voice roles has expanded greatly.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

In addition, business has gone for the better, according to Welker, as between the 1960s and 1980s voice actors received no replay fee or recycling pay for their work.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

And they weren't rewarded for the work they did.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

Since then, the Screen Actors Guild and the television industry has changed everything for the better.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

[5] This has also opened up a great opportunity for actors mainly doing play-acting roles, with which since the 2000s all kinds of people have done voice roles and also liked it.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

It has also increased competition with voice actors and celebrity actors who do play roles.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

Welker says it doesn't matter who does voice roles as long as they have a chance to compete to get roles with actors.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

More often than not, though, voice actors are ignored for bigger roles because producers prefer a celebrity voice.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

Welker also understands the reason if a celebrity actor has a unique voice and that their purpose is to gain more advertising value.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

[5] With this, they can promote most often animated films aimed at children for adults.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

He doesn't think kids could separate Tom Hanks' voice from Tim Allen's voice and it wouldn't even interest them.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

By contrast, adults who recognize better-known Hollywood actors think they will go see a movie taking their children along.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

By contrast, the celebrity voices hired for Saturday morning cartoons are, in Welker's view, nothing more than a competition among the studios whichever actor is involved in any of the series he produces.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

However, it doesn't bother him as long as he can audition.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

If a celebrity actress gets the role she also deserved it.


Question: Where did Franklin Wendell Welker study?

Frank Welker

Filmography Movies Animated series Video games Sources on the topic elsewhere Category:American voice actors Category:Stand-up comedians Category:Voice actors of the Simpsons Category:Video game voice actors Category:Born in 1946 Category:Live persons


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

Digital long-term storage () refers to the reliable storage of digital information over several decades or hundreds.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

[1] Digital material may be digitally produced in origin or digitised from analog material.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

Storage shall take into account the availability and correspondence of the digital recording to the original material, even as reading and storage systems and storage devices evolve over time.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

The main causes of digitization are the threat of destruction of original material.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

The aim is to improve the usability and availability of stored materials.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

Once digitized, the material can be read without exposing the original, possibly fragile, document to wear and tear.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

When the material is online in distribution, physical location does not restrict its use.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

Digitization also allows joint archives between different organizations.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

The National Digital Library project of libraries, museums and archives has been created in Finland for this purpose.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

The Law on the Deposit and Preservation of Cultural Materials (1433/2007) [2] obliges, for example, the National Library, Legal Deposit Libraries and the Audiovisual Archives to maintain their collections in working order even in the future.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

Often this is possible only by digitizing the material.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

The obligation also applies to “online resources located on servers located in Finland, as well as other online resources intended to be available to the public in Finland”, in which case their original format is digital.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

The Department of Archives issues binding regulations and recommendations regarding the deadlines for the storage of documents in the archives.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

It has a large amount of permanently stored material under its management, which must be digitized to ensure usability.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

Much of the documents preserved in the modern era are produced electronically.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

Moving image, sound and hypertext must be kept digital as printed paper product or other analog storage format disposes of the original document content.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

For example, hyperlinks disappear when text is printed from the web.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

In analog format, no automatic full-text indexations nor searches of image or audio recordings can be performed.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

[3] Metadata A digital document can be associated with or associated with metadata.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

Metadata can be a description of the contents of a document, such as a keyword, on the basis of which a document can be searched.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

Metadata can also inform the technical features of a digital recording, making it easier to implement planned long-term storage.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

The chosen method of long-term storage affects the type of information you need to store in connection with the document.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

[3] Challenges There are many threats to long-term digital storage.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

Device, application and data transmission failures instantly damage the material.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

The service life of electronic devices is not endless, and in time failures increase.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

Devices, storage media and applications are ageing.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

Problems with storage media can be grouped: Storage media becomes brittle as it ages and gradually becomes unusable.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

Reading devices experience too many failures or are disabled for some other reason.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

External and internal attack or natural disasters create threats that require security policy preparedness.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

[1] In August 2008, Warner Music Finland's premises suffered smoke damage, leaving, among other things, its unique photo archive in danger.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

However, the damaged materials were still able to be cleaned and digitized.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

[4] Methods of long-term preservation Copying, i.e. physical migration, in this case, means converting analog datasets to a digital format.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

Analog media, such as magnetic tapes or c- cassettes, become unreliable as they grow older and cannot be recorded again by analogy without loss of material quality.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

Digital recording, on the other hand, is about retaining bits, so the quality of the image and sound, for example, will not suffer as time goes on.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

However, the bit queues as such do not open to the user, so describing the datasets when copying is important.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

The descriptive data should include what kind of computer program you can use to view the data.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

Copying poses a financial challenge for organizations, as dealing with old and potentially broken storage media always requires hiring a knowledgeable workforce.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

[3] Converting, or logical migration Converting is a copying complement.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

If necessary, the purpose is to transform the stored data into a format in which new hardware and software can read them.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

To do this, you must know the format and version of the recorded material.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

When converting, the document in all cases does not remain exactly the same.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

For example, a table may be lost or distorted when changing from a more versatile format to a simpler one.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

Converting is often aimed only at preserving intellectual content, i.e. making conscious changes to the formatting information or layout of a document.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

For audiovisual files, among other things, background noise can be removed.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

However, certain materials, such as documents of legal value, shall not be subject to any modification but must remain as such from the conversion process.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

Not all datasets can be converted at all, as modifying the software used for storage to fit a new operating system is often an overwhelming task for the organization that runs the digital repository.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

In Finland, the National Archives may by law order persons obliged to submit their material in a certain standardised format which is convertible if necessary.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital Long-Term Storage

Working with data is more effortless when the archive consists only of certain types of documents.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital long-term storage

Libraries cannot work like this; they are forced to receive a lot of different types of material from publishers.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital long-term storage

[3] Emulation Emulation means emulating the original, disabled platform of a document.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital long-term storage

When a document after emulation is retrieved from the archive, the user environment it needs is built on the repository interface device.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital long-term storage

To prevent archive administrators and users from having to learn how to use old applications, viewing programs can be prepared for the purpose.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital long-term storage

For emulation purposes, the document metadata must describe the operating environment of the document, which means the operating system and the processor required.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital long-term storage

[3] Long-term storage of personal files Management and storage of your own important digital assets is part of personal information management ().


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital long-term storage

For an ordinary user, the most important measure is the creation of backups of files.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital long-term storage

Backups should be taken multiple, possibly for different storage formats, and stored in different locations than the original files.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital long-term storage

The operation of copies should be ensured at regular intervals and reproduction when necessary.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital long-term storage

Depending on the storage format, files may remain in working condition for a very long time, but careless storage or natural wear may destroy a copy in a couple of years or faster.


Question: What are the three methods of digital long-term storage?

Digital long-term storage

[5] See also Record production Backup Sources on topic elsewhere Category:Cultural heritage


Question: When was Laika the dog sent to space?

Laika

Laika (, “Barks”) was the first living creature in Earth orbit.


Question: When was Laika the dog sent to space?

Laika

Laika was a mixed-breed bitch-dog found on a Moscow street weighing about six kilograms.


Question: When was Laika the dog sent to space?

Laika

Approximately three years old, a dog accustomed to cold and harsh conditions on the street was considered a suitable space dog.


Question: When was Laika the dog sent to space?

Laika

Other dogs were trained for this mission, but Laika was allowed to be the first living thing to travel into space when it was flown into Earth orbit by the Soviet Union in November 1957.


Question: When was Laika the dog sent to space?

Laika

Initially, Laika was named Kurdrjavka (“Little kippura”), and was called by the nicknames Žutška (“Little Flea”) and Limonchik (“Lemon”).


Question: When was Laika the dog sent to space?

Laika

In the United States, the press referred to Laika as Muttnik (mutt + Sputnik, where mutt means mixed-breed dog).


Question: When was Laika the dog sent to space?

Laika

The multiracial Laika is thought to have been a mixture of husky and terrier.


Question: When was Laika the dog sent to space?

Laika

[1] Sputnik-2 Soviet Union sent Laika on Sunday, November 3, 1957 at 22:28 p.m. into space as part of the Sputnik program.


Question: When was Laika the dog sent to space?

Laika

The program's first satellite, Sputnik 1, was the first artificial Earth-orbiting satellite.


Question: When was Laika the dog sent to space?

Laika

The next spacecraft was more than ten times heavier and clearly equipped in preparation for manned flights.


Question: When was Laika the dog sent to space?

Laika

However, the skinny-carrying Sputnik 2 was unable to return back to Earth.


Question: When was Laika the dog sent to space?

Laika

Laika's module had a television camera and other sensors that measured its blood pressure and heart rate.


Question: When was Laika the dog sent to space?

Laika

The ship toured the track for a total of five months.


Question: When was Laika the dog sent to space?

Laika

Experimental animals in space Even before Lika, animals had been launched into space, but onto ballistic tracks, causing the piece to return to Earth's surface from the impact of Earth's gravitational pull.


Question: When was Laika the dog sent to space?

Laika

Laika was the first to be launched into Earth orbit.


Question: When was Laika the dog sent to space?

Laika

Some of these experiments on animals were successful, meaning the rocket launch was done correctly and the capsule's return to Earth using a parachute occurred safely.


Question: When was Laika the dog sent to space?

Laika

In this case, the animal that traveled in the capsule returned alive to the ground, but failures also occurred.


Question: When was Laika the dog sent to space?

Laika

Between 1960 and 1966, eight more dogs visited space besides Laika.


Question: When was Laika the dog sent to space?

Laika

The first dogs returned alive from orbit were Strelka and Belka.


Question: When was Laika the dog sent to space?

Laika

The duo are reported to have completed their journey on Sputnik 5 in August 1960.


Question: When was Laika the dog sent to space?

Laika

Chernushka, or Musti, orbited the Earth once aboard Sputnik 9 in March 1961, just before the spaceflight manned by Yuri Gagarin on 12 April 1961.


Question: When was Laika the dog sent to space?

Laika

The Chernushka flight involved experimenting with how a dummy posing as an astronaut would survive an emergency landing by parachute.


Question: When was Laika the dog sent to space?

Laika

[2] Laika's cause of death Laika's actual cause of death was not made public for many years after the flight; instead, Soviet authorities said Laika was either poisoned with food or died of oxygen deprivation.


Question: When was Laika the dog sent to space?

Laika

It was not until October 2002 that Dmitry Malašenkov, a scientist involved in the project, revealed that Laika died already 5—7 hours after launch from heat and stress.


Question: When was Laika the dog sent to space?

Laika

There was a spacesuit over the laika apart from the head, which facilitated heart rate, blood pressure and breathing measurements, but it may also have increased the heat experienced by the animal.


Question: When was Laika the dog sent to space?

Laika

[3] A monument was erected at the Russian Cosmonauts Centre in honor of Laika 50 years after the feat in 2008.


Question: When was Laika the dog sent to space?

Laika

[1] Sources on the topic elsewhere Category:Animals visited in space Category:Famous Dogs Category:Sputnik Program Category:Key articles on screening


Question: What is the biggest party in the Oulu City Council nowadays?

Oulu City Council

The Oulu City Council is the municipal council and the supreme deciding institution of the City of Oulu.


Question: What is the biggest party in the Oulu City Council nowadays?

Oulu City Council

The council consists of 67 members elected for 4-year terms.


Question: What is the biggest party in the Oulu City Council nowadays?

Oulu City Council

The council decides on economic fundamentals such as tax rate and fees.


Question: What is the biggest party in the Oulu City Council nowadays?

Oulu City Council

The council also elects trustees such as the city board and the highest office holders.


Question: What is the biggest party in the Oulu City Council nowadays?

Oulu City Council

City Council meetings are public.


Question: What is the biggest party in the Oulu City Council nowadays?

Oulu City Council

Distribution of seats and voter turnout by election ElectionSpacePolling activitySKDL VAS.KOK.SDPKESK.ed.


Question: What is the biggest party in the Oulu City Council nowadays?

Oulu City Council

KP LKPSKL KDSMP PSVIHR.OTHERCONTACT19451121941194614109841194713108104119501587114119531678104119561488114119601798103b 471964187113847196814995644719721491156B 4719641871138471968149956447197214911567197617141295115975.8% 198016151384125977.9% 198413141311134--5970.6% 19881112121032153c 5964.2% 19921211141031- -8--5967.5% 19961012121322—71d 5953.8% 2000101111143-73e 5947.7% 2004121512162- -10--6751.9% 2008111610142311--6756.5% 20121013919187--6753.7% 2017111381716101f 6756.0% b Labour and Small Farmer Social Democrat Finnish Union (3) c Democratic Co-List (2), Swedish People's Party (1) d Young Finns e Oulun Unattached f Genuine Finnish co-listSources: Statistics Finland [1] [2], Ministry of Justice [3] In the 1945 municipal elections, the two electoral lists submitted by the People's Democrats were rejected.


Question: What is the biggest party in the Oulu City Council nowadays?

Oulu City Council

One lacked a sufficient number of signatures and the other was narrowly left after the deadline.


Question: What is the biggest party in the Oulu City Council nowadays?

Oulu City Council

The SKDL therefore urged its supporters to vote for social democratic candidates.


Question: What is the biggest party in the Oulu City Council nowadays?

Oulu City Council

In 1946, by order of the State Council, new municipal elections were implemented in the city of Oulu and the municipality of Oulu.


Question: What is the biggest party in the Oulu City Council nowadays?

Oulu City Council

They were deemed necessary because the Oulunsu region was annexed to the city and the new elections wanted to give both municipalities a fair picture of the changed political power relations.


Question: What is the biggest party in the Oulu City Council nowadays?

Oulu City Council

Presidents 1926—1936 Antti Jauho (National Progress Party) [4] 1939—1961 Otto Karhi (sdp) 1961—1967 Eljas Mikkonen (sdp) 1967 Antero Väyrynen (sdp) 1968 Kauko Hjerppe (skdl) 1969 Esko Heleva (kok) 1970 Veli Kostama (lkp) 1971 Jouko Mäkelä p) 1972 Sakari Kontio ( summer) 1973—1974 Kauko Hjerppe (skdl) 1975—1976 Väinö Aalto (sdp) 1977—1983 Matti Ruokola (mid) 1984 Eino Laaksonen (mid) 1985—1988 Seppo Rounaja (ok) 1989—2001 Jorma Seppänen (ok) 2001—2004 Jorma Yypänaho (ok) 2005—2007 Matti Pikkarainen k) 2007—2008 Kyösti Oikarinen (mid) 2009—2012 Riikka Moilanen (mid) 2012—2015 Mari-Leena Talvitie 2015— Juha Hänninen Presidents of the City Board 1977—1978 Martti Ursin 1978—1981 Juha Linna 1981—1984 Seppo Rounaja (ok) 1985—1992 Eino Laaksonen (mid) 1993— 1996 Leena Piikivi (sdp) 1997—2000 Kari Myllyniemi (mid) 2001—2004 Matti Pikkarainen (md) 2005—2008 Tuija Pohjola (sdp) 2009—2011 Esko Kurvinen 2011—2012 Mari-Leena Talvitie (Ioc) 2012—2017 Riikka Moilanen (mid) 2017—2021 Kyösti Oiksti Board of Governors 2017— 2021 Source: [6] Sources on the topic elsewhere City Council Category:Finnish local councils


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

An earthquake is the shaking of the Earth's bedrock, which is very destructive to buildings and people when strong.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

A weak quake waves lamps, a powerful quake collapses houses, a very powerful one mills the soil too.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

An earthquake at the bottom of the ocean could trigger a powerful tsunami, a tsunami.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

The underground event site of the earthquake is the hyposenter, and the ground center epicenter.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

Earthquake waves, or seismic waves, are divided into longitudinal and transverse waves, as well as surface waves.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

By studying the reflections and refractions of quake waves, one can ascertain to some extent the structure of the bedrock and the entire Earth.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

Earthquakes can be detected even far away by a device called a seismometer or seismograph.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

Earthquake registration is called a seismogram.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

Classification Global earthquakes are classified as shallow (h < 70 km), medium-deep (h = 70—300 km) and deep (h = 300—700 km) based on the depth of the hyposenter.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

[1] Seismograms are divided into four categories based on the angular distance between seismometer and quake epicenter in kilometers or degrees (1° = 111.2 km): [1] Local distances (< 100 km) Regional distances (100—1400 km) Upper mantle distances (13-30°) Teleseismic distances (> 30°) The force of an earthquake is usually measured on the Richter scale and destructiveness on the Mercalli scale.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

Quakes, which are more than seven in intensity on the Richter scale, are large, and occur on Earth at about 15 per year.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

[1] When examining areas with very low natural seismicity, a classification that is different from the previous one can be used.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

Genesis Earthquakes occur as tectonic plates move relative to each other, as well as volcanic eruptions, asteroid collisions, landslides and cave crashes.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

Human activity can trigger earthquakes, too.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

Earthquakes occur most in tectonic plate borderlands where volcanic activity is abundant.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

Blasts, mining, accidents and other human activities generate distinctive earthquake waves.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

When there is a need to distinguish them from real earthquakes, they may be more commonly referred to as seismic cases.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

Transfers Tectonic earthquakes occur in displacements, that is, in places where rock blocks slide against each other.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

The movement between the rock blocks is opposed by friction between them.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

If friction locks the transfer, a stress buildup is created.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

The tension continues to grow, and eventually the transfer is broken and the energy stored in it is released as an earthquake.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

The magnitude of a quake depends on the surface area of the inoculation plane as well as the average displacement.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

The discharge of tension begins at the hyposenter of the quake, or focus, or colony.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

[2] Transfers are geologically divided into three main types: normal transfers, reverse transfers, and stray-slip transfers.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

Normal shifts usually occur in areas where the earth's crust is stretching, that is, is in extension.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

Reverse transplants exist in areas where the bark is pressed laterally into the pile.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

In a passage-slip move, the blocks move laterally against each other.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

The strongest earthquakes of all time are almost invariably associated with reverse shifts.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

More than 90 percent of all earthquakes are generated at the edges of tectonic plates.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

[3] The most significant earthquake region follows the so-called Pacific Ring of Fire, in the region of which 80% of all energy released in earthquakes is released.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

Another major earthquake zone is the Alpine—Himalayan orogenic zone, whose earthquakes release 15% of earthquake energy and coincides with the Pacific ring of fire in the Malay archipelago.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

Other tectonically active areas include the mid-oceans and the Big Burial Shed.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

[4] However, large quakes can also occur in the interior of continents.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

[5] Volcanic activity Volcanic activity also involves so-called volcanic earthquakes.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

Probably, even in such earthquakes, the cause of the event in the elasticity energy between the aggregates.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

However, energy from heat from the motions of magma may have been stored in the state of stress.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

[4] Human activity Man also causes earthquakes by his own actions.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

For example, aggregate removed from mines might alter stress states around mine tunnels and, on the other hand, pumping liquids into deep wells might lubricate the displacement surface enough to trigger the tension.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

[4] Filling the Great Reservoirs has caused more than 20 significant increases in seismic activity.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

Most of the cases involve reservoirs with a depth of more than 100 meters and a volume of more than a cubic kilometre.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

In all likelihood, there have already been local tensions in the reservoir area, which have been triggered by the added pressure of the water.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

Earthquakes associated with artificial lakes are often difficult to directly attribute to the filling of the lake, as there is no reference data for the period prior to the event.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

[4] Wave Types Several different waves are generated from the earthquake colony.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

The most rapidly travelling P waves, or longitudinal waves, and the S-waves, or transverse waves, that are the next.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

[6] They are followed by long and high-amplitude waves, the period of which decreases slowly.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

These waves are called surface waves.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

Very large earthquakes can cause the entire Earth to oscillate so-called. As free vibrations of the earth.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

[7] P and S waves are basal seismic waves.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

They can travel directly across the interior of the earth and, on the other hand, be reflected or refracted by the boundaries of the shell, mantle, or core.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

In a P wave relative to the direction of propagation of wave motion, collapsible movements and volume changes occur as the wave passes through the medium.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

In S-wave, in turn, deformations and changes due to shear stress occur perpendicular to the direction of propagation of wave motion.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

[2] Two different polarities can be distinguished from S waves: in SH waves, oscillation occurs horizontally, while in SV waves it occurs in the vertical plane.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

[6] Not all regions direct P waves reach because as they advance they turn towards the Earth's surface and bend at the mantle-core boundary.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

Waves passing past the core travel at their most remote to within 103 degrees of the quake epicentre.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

Waves that pass through the core, in turn, cover a radial area of about 20 degrees on their counterpart.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

S waves are transverse wave motion that cannot propagate in a fluid and thus cannot penetrate Earth's outer core.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

Like P waves, direct S waves can be detected within a 103-degree radius zone from the quake site, but not outside it.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

The rate of propagation of waves varies depending on the properties of the medium, and S-waves do not propagate in the fluid.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

[2] In the continental Earth's crust, P waves have velocities of 6.0—7.8 kilometers per second, and S-waves are 3.5—4.5 kilometers per second.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

Basic waves are refracted, reflected, and their velocity changes jumpwise as they meet interfaces between Earth's structural layers, where density or stiffness, or both, change a lot over a short distance.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

[8] The speed of surface waves is about 4 kilometers per second.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

There are two basic types of them.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

Rayleigh waves travel in all structures, but Love waves only in deposited materials and not at all in liquids.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

[2] Love waves move from these a little faster.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

[6] Intensity Released energy An earthquake releases stress energy that has been accumulating in the rock for 50—100 years.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

It is released from the rock in no more than a few minutes.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

Elastic energy can be released 100 joules for every cubic metre of rock.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

For example, if the displacement caused by an earthquake is 1,000 kilometres long and a hundred kilometres deep, a total of 1018 Joules of energy will be released.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

[9] Intensity The oldest magnitude used to report earthquake intensity is intensity.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

It is based on observation of visible impacts caused by quakes.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

The Mercalli scale has been developed to measure such effects, which has since been much modified.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

The so-called modified Mercalli scale divides quakes into 12 categories.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

Class I is the smallest in terms of impact and Class XII the largest.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

A Category I quake can only be detected by equipment when a Category XII quake means complete destruction.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

Category II is perceptible to human senses and Category VI quakes already cause minor damage.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

[10] An isoceist map can be used to justify the data compiled from the affected area of the earthquake.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

In it, the boundaries of the tactile area are drawn on the map.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

The variation in intensity reflects well the geologic tectonic structure of the bedrock surrounding the quake colony.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

[10] Intensity is very difficult, or even impossible, to define when an earthquake occurred in uninhabited areas or at sea.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

The same problem also exists with those earthquakes that occur deep.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

[10] Magnitude Magnitude is used to measure the magnitude of an earthquake as a physical event and its intensity at the quake source itself.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

Magnitude scales are based on device observations and after recorded by the seismogram.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

There are several magnitude scales and usually give slightly divergent values.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

The scales are typically logarithmic, in which case an increase in degree means a tenfold increase in earthquake intensity.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

The most used scales are local magnitude (ML) scales for near-quakes (see.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

Richter scale), as well as surface wave magnitude (Ms) and base-wave magnitude (mb) for quakes that occurred far away.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

These scales work well only at a certain frequency and distance range and are not suitable for the largest earthquakes.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

Because of it, a torque magnitude (Mw) has been developed, which gives the most reliable estimate of the intensity.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

[11] The concept of Magnitudi was created in 1935 by Charles Richter of the United States.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

The so-called Richter scale has a base number of 10 and can be represented as the formula ML = lg Amax − lg A0, where ML is the magnitude, the amplitude of the maximum swing of the Amax seismogram, and −lg A0 the distance-dependent attenuation factor.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

[12] Richter chose as the basis of the scale a micrometre swing on a seismogram a hundred kilometers from the epicenter, for which he gave a magnitude value of zero.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

The limit is deliberately chosen small, so that the observed magnitudes, as a rule, are positive.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

[10] Modern magnitude scales are calibrated to match Richter's magnitude.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

The most reliable scale is considered moment magnitude, which was developed in the 1970s by Hiroo Kanamori of Japan and Thomas C. Hanks of the United States.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

Moment magnitude is usually defined only for localized distances above 3.5 magnitudes and more than 5.5 magnitude.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

In smaller earthquakes, not enough energy is usually released to determine the moment magnitude.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

[2] Measurement Registration The device for recording earthquakes is called a seismometer or seismograph.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

[13] A seismometer is a device with a loosely attached mass and an induction coil.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

The mass and the magnet attached to it fall behind the motion of the ground, resulting in a small electric current in the coil from the relative motion between the coil and the magnet.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

By strengthening it and with a suitable arrangement of equipment, it is obtained in a visible form.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

[2] Seismographs using electronics and computers can measure movements up to one hundred-millionth of a centimeter.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

[14] The motion of the bedrock must be observed in three directions in order to fully detect its motion.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

Directions, or components, are vertical vertical movement and horizontal movement in the north and east direction.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

[13] In the past, seismographs drew a curve indicating oscillation on paper, but seismograms are now recorded on a computer.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

They are also forwarded along the communication line to central stations, where registrations of various stations are collected.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

[14] The seismic multi-point station consists of a central station and seismometers located over a wide area, which can number up to several hundred.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

[13] They are positioned over optimum distances and their registration data can be used to obtain information on even the smallest seismic events.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

[2] Effects Geomorphological changes Earthquakes have the power to cause major geomorphological changes.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

As a result of earthquakes, land can move in areas of displacement, surface rise, fall or tilt, groundwater flow change, soil waterlogged.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

In addition, earthquakes can cause landslides and mudslides.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

[4] Tsunamis and seiche phenomenon An earthquake at sea can cause a tsunami that occurs when a water column in the ocean goes out of balance.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

In addition to an earthquake, undersea landslides and volcanic eruptions can cause tsunamis as well.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

[15] When in the subduction zone of marine tiles, one slab protrudes under the other, it bends the edge of the latter slab.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

It causes a state of stress which, when triggered, the water column above the tile edge rises upwards and enters an unstable state.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

When the condition caused tends to flatten out a tsunami is created.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

[15] The Seiche effect refers to a situation where, for example, water from bays or lakes almost entirely surrounded by the earth ends up in rhythmic circulation.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

Such a pendulum movement can last from a few hours to up to a few days.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

[4] Preparedness Forecasting and Forecasting Earthquakes cannot be predicted if it means scheduling an earthquake for a short period of time, such as within a year at a given location, in advance.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

But anticipation is possible, allowing, for example, to estimate a quake over a few decades.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

[16] Scientific forecasting methods are based on the monitoring of geophysical phenomena.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

Major earthquakes are often preceded by: [17] by a given formula repeated prequakes deformation of the surface layers of the earth along the lines of displacement occur unusual earthquake-free, i.e., weaponistic crustal movements change of compression between slabs slabs locking changes in the fine structure of the rock near the line of displacement of groundwater flow, the release of gases from the ground by electrical and magnetic interference.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

Sometimes in anticipation you get to moderate accuracy.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

In Turkey, for example, earthquakes have been observed following each other every few years, and always about the same amount further west than the previous one.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

The powerful 1999 quake was sad proof for the scientists' results.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

The next major quake in Turkey is forecast to occur near Istanbul.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

A major earthquake is often followed by weaker aftershocks.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

There are often some regularities in their occurrence.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

In a quake zone, it is good to be prepared for aftershocks, and after strong quakes there are as many as thousands over several years.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

[16] There are certain areas on Earth where quakes occur quite densely.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

Exposed areas include countries such as Turkey, Iran, California and Japan.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

A powerful quake could destroy an entire city if it happens to be located near a quake epicentre.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

Attempts are being made to mitigate the devastation by constructing earthquake-proof buildings and other structures.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

Notable earthquakes 1556 — Shaanxi earthquake, China (8.2 units), 830,000 dead 1755 — Lisbon earthquake, Portugal (8.7 units), 70,000 dead 1906 — San Francisco earthquake (7.8 units), over 3000 dead.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

1923 — Great Kantō earthquake, Tokyo-Yokohama, Japan (8.3 units), 143,000 dead 1960 — Great Chilean earthquake (9.5 units) 1964 — Southern Alaska (9.2 units), 250 dead.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

1999 — İzmit earthquake, Turkey, 17,480 dead, 7.5 units 2003 — Bam earthquake, Iran (6.7 units), 45,000 people killed, 30,000 injured and 100,000 left homeless.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

The historic town of Bam was completely destroyed.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

2004 — Indian Ocean earthquake, Sumatra coast, Indonesia (9.0 Mw) 2008 — Sichuan earthquake, China (7.9 units) 70,000 dead and 5 million left homeless.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

2010 — Haiti earthquake (7.0 units), death toll was confirmed at 170,000 on 28 January, but the country's government estimates the final number to be 200,000.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

2010 — Chile earthquake: magnitude 8.8 units, fatalities over 500.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

[18] 2011 — Japan earthquake: a strong earthquake (9.0 units) caused a devastating tsunami [19], with a death toll of approximately 16,000.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

See also List of earthquakes in Chile List of earthquakes Earthquakes in Finland Richter scale Mercalli scale Tsunami Sources Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Cake, Juhani| title = Changing Country| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2007| isbn = 978-951-0-32275-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kakuri, Juhani & Hjelt, Sven-Erik| = title Environment and Geophysic| location = Helsinki| location = Helsinki| Sinki| publisher = Astronomical association Ursa| year = 2000| isbn = 952-5329-05-4}} References on the topic elsewhere — Basic information about earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanoes in Finnish Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: How is an earthquake measured?

earthquake

Global Map of Fresh Quakes * Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Demon's Souls () is a fantasy-themed action role-playing game developed through the collaboration of From Software and SCE Japan Studio and released as an exclusive for PlayStation 3 in 2009.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

The Japanese release was handled by Sony Computer Entertainment and in North America by Atlus.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

The game appeared in some countries of Europe in the form of a limited Black Phantom Edition.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

The game's events are set in a medieval European-inspired setting, the kingdom of fictional Boletaria, which has been corrupted by soul-hunting demons appearing from the damned mist.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

The player guides his customisable knight through nonlinear fields and seeks to develop their character by collecting the souls of enemies.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Due to its dark fantasy theme, SCEJ's producer, Takeshi Kajii described Demon's Souls as the spiritual successor to the King's Field franchise.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

[1] Demon's Souls received a lot of positive feedback after its release.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

It won several different awards and garnered plaudits for its apt visual design, breadth of combat options, and integrated multiplayer.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

The game is also known for its considerable degree of difficulty, which was considered a real challenge.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

However, the game is not made difficult because the game is unbearable as an experience, but the difficulty of the game has been created to highlight the dark world of Demon's Souls where people desperately try to fight huge demons, often ending up dead.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

The game becomes much easier if the player plays it with caution, moving slowly in unknown areas, as well as constantly monitoring their surroundings for demons and traps.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

[2] Gaming The player creates his character before the actual campaign begins.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

You can use the editor to edit name, facial features, skin color and age.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

The player also gets to choose their character class, which has the most impact at the beginning of the game.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Each tenth character class in the game has its own peculiarities, starting skills and equipment focused on specific aspects.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

However, after character creation, development is free, and the character classes do not limit the style of play.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

For example, a barbarian weighted in hand-to-hand combat may develop to be effective in magic.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

The gaming itself takes place from a third-person perspective.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Although it is a functional role-playing game, Demon's Souls differs greatly from conventional outputs of the hack and slash genre.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Each enemy is created to be critically dangerous and can't defeat them with straightforward hitting.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

However, the challenge of the game is based not on the execution of complex key combinations, but on the magnitude of hit damage and the opponents' “unforgiving” technique.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

The player must respond to it with an accurate and even passive style of play, with an emphasis on combat and evasive maneuvers.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

The mechanics of Demon's Souls also rely heavily on personal experience, as enemies' battle habits may differ greatly from each other.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Knowing locations and fighting styles plays a big part in gaining the upper hand.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

In Demon's Souls, character development is done by collecting souls.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

This merchandise equivalent to game currency and experience points, obtained from dead enemies and various soul stones, can be used, for example, to improve character attributes or buy and service supplies, equipment and weapons.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

The range of weapons in Demon's Souls consists mainly of tools typical of the Middle Ages, such as swords, spears, axes and bow weapons.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Effective use of weapons may require the development of a particular attribute — such as power — which also increases the player's soul level.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

When the player dies, he retains his equipment but loses his unused souls as well as some of his health capacity.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Enemies are born back in place and the field is forced to start completely over again.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Souls can be collected back from their bodies, but dying along the way will eradicate them once and for all.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Between missions, a character can reside in the Nexus, the realm of souls that serves as a kind of refuge.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

There, the player can trade their souls, stock up on supplies, and move from field to field.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

After passing the first area, the goal is allowed to choose freely.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Demon's Souls includes a “World Tendency” system in which gameplay changes depending on the orientation of the world.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Orientation is tied to the player's success, whereby dying darkens the world and killing enemies in turn lightens.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

As the environment turns black, AI adversaries become even stronger, but the reward for defeating them increases; with white taking over, quite the opposite.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

The online game Demon's Souls uses a unique online gaming system connected through the PlayStation Network for a single-player experience.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

As a result, players can see ghost characters left behind by other individuals, that is, replays of how they have played.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Users drip blood stains on the scene when they die, from which other players are able to “activate” to watch his final moments.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

You can also leave behind messages selected from the context menu, where you can give tips on future traps or enemies.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

The cooperative game mode supports three users who can come together in soul form in the same world.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Players are only allowed to return to their actual bodies after overcoming the main resistance.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

In turn, in a competitive form of play, one can penetrate the other person's single player and aim to kill him or her.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

The hostile party then appears as a black ghost (Black Phantom).


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Story The game focuses on the events that originated during King Allant XII's search for power and riches for his country through the power of souls.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

He was able to elevate the Northern Kingdom of Boletaria to unprecedented success.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

One day, however, the Kingdom became enveloped in a black mist that closed it off from the rest of the world.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Those who stepped inside into the mist never returned.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

However, Vallarfax of the Royal Twin Fangs force broke free of the mist and warned the rest of the world of Boletaria's fate.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

The aging King Allant XII had awakened the Old One (The Old One), the great monster resting under the Nexus, from his eternal slumber and the black mist had spread everywhere, bringing out demons hungry for souls.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Those who lost their souls also lost their minds — chaos reigned.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

The number and power of demons increases with each eaten soul.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

[3] Development Before the two-year development began, the studios' starting point was not to pursue a new King's Field sequel.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

SCEJ's producer Takeshi Kajii described the project as more of its “spiritual successor” and backed up his statement with: “I'm a fan of From Software, but that naturally means that there are points in their games that I'm not happy with on the other hand.” He felt that the independent development style opened doors to more creative and potentially innovative gameplay: “If it was a new King's Field game, there would be things we couldn't tackle, as they are part of the series; with this kind of collaboration we can aim to create something brand new.” However, many similarities to the King's Field series can be found; for example, the bleak, fantasy-themed milieu, role-playing elements, as well as a high degree of difficulty.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

In addition to King's Field, Kajii also cited the playbook Fighting Fantasy and its included venue, Titan, as having served as sources of inspiration for several fields of Demon's Souls.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Character design, and especially the final resistors, were in turn influenced by pagan folk poetry.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Among other things, director Hidetaka Miyazaki's favourite character, the Adjudicator, was developed by mixing images of primitive gods.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

With this he sought to create a concept of the atmosphere “unusual and chaotic”.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

According to Miyazaki, the high difficulty level of the game was never a specific goal, but through it they wanted to convey feelings of success.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

The degree of difficulty was described as “one way of providing intense rewarding through developing strategies, bypassing obstacles, and learning things.” The threat of dying and the loss of hard-won currency lost in connection with it was created to highlight this phenomenon.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

The point was justified that “if souls could be restored at any moment, there would be no sense of success at all involved.” The final resistors were designed to be varied and exciting, so that players would not be bored with similar battles, but to be encouraged to figure out different tactics and think at full capacity.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Takeshi Kajii did not actually experience head resistors as the most challenging element in the game; “You only talk about bosses, but that boss just isn't everything.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Leading to the boss is what makes the game really difficult.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

If you just find the right formula for defeating the end resistor, it's not that difficult.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

It's how you get to the boss that makes the game difficult.” When the development team was planning an integrated online game feature, Miyazaki felt that contemporary games contain too much communication, which could prove to be a hassle for certain players.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

They wanted to subtly combine players' multiplayer experiences with certain features, such as the ghost characters they left behind.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

When the development team was implementing a system that allowed players to leave each other tips, they wanted to create a ready menu of pre-written message options.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

This prevented the system from escaping to the side of interfering chat, and to guarantee a quick and easy way to communicate.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

The release Demon's Souls was announced for the first time at the end of 2008, with only the Japanese version being talked about.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

From there, it would spread to other parts of East Asia, such as Taiwan and South Korea.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

The game was released in Asia on February 5, 2009 by Sony Computer Entertainment, which had no plans to distribute the game to other states.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

The Asian version and positive reception were followed by Atlus' announcement at the 2009 E3 trade show where they announced their intentions to release the game in North America at the end of the same year.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

The US version uses dedicated servers for online gaming, so playing with the Japanese is not feasible.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

[4] The same territorial restriction also applies to incompatibility of recordings and trophy achievements.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

[5] Atlus also released a Deluxe Edition with a guidebook collector edition.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Eurogamer contacted Atlus and inquired about a possible European release.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Their president, Aram Jabbari, issued a statement telling reporters: “I have no reservations at the moment about plans for a European release.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Hopefully the game will continue on its successful line and European publishers would notice it.” Other companies that have released From Software products, such as Tecmo Koei and Ubisoft, also responded no to the survey.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

However, in April 2010, Namco Bandai announced that they would bring Demon's Souls to Europe on June 25 in the form of a special edition.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

The collectible version bears the name Black Phantom Edition and includes an audio disc, an art book and a walkthrough guide.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

[6] However, as a result of the playStation 3 playStation 3 game's regionless code, those willing have already been able to order the game from North America or Asia.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Enterbrain released a limited strategy guide, Demon's Souls Official Perfect Guide in Japan in 2009, containing 192 pages of in-depth information about the game's weapons, armor, supplies, maps, and secrets.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Equipment sets for the characters appearing in the game were also released for the Japanese PlayStation Home service.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Music The music of Demon's Souls was composed by Japanese Shunsuke Kida, who has spent several years working on television and film songs.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

The audio album he created was initially released only in North America, but with the collector version it also arrived in Europe.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Soundtrack was marketed in conjunction with GameStop's pre-order offer.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Patrick Gann of the RPGFAN website compared the tone of the songs to those of the 1970s, noting clear similarities to the baroque of the former era.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

He raised the prowess of Japanese vocalists and orchestra, as well as perfectly utilized break sections.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Gann concluded his review with the statement: “If I had to choose one adjective to describe Demon's Souls' soundtrack, it would be 'mesmerizing'.” 01.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Demon's Souls — 2:24 02.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

The Beginning — 2:19 03.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Tales of Old — 2:23 04.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Maiden in Black — 4:30 05.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

The Nexus — 4:38 06.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Phalanx — 2:06 07.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Tower Knight — 3:15 08.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Penetrator — 3:31 09.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Old King Allant — 3:00 10.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Adjudicator — 2:10 11.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Old Hero — 1:54 12.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Storm King — 2:47 13.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Fool's Idol — 3:02 14.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Maneater — 2:41 15.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Old Monk — 2:50 16.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Leechmonger — 3:55 17.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Dirty Colossus — 2:35 18.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Maiden Astraea — 2:54 19.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Armor Spider — 2:24 20.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Flamelurker — 3:15 21.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Dragon God — 2:28 22.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

The Old One — 2:37 23.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

One Who Craves Souls — 4:13 24.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Return to Slumber — 4:23 Reception The game has been well received among alien gaming magazines and sites.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

The game has been praised and berated for today's games because of its exceptionally high difficulty level.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

[7] [8] The game has a ratings average rating of 90/100 [9] according to Metacritic.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Sources On the topic elsewhere at MobyGames Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

(in Japanese) Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What year is Demon's Souls released?

Demon's Souls

Category:Video games of 2009 Category:PlayStation 3 games Category:Computer Role Games Category:Hack and slash games Category:Key articles of screening Category:From Software


Question: How long is the Helmijoki River?

Helmijoki

The Pearl River () is a 177-kilometer-long, multi-river downstream river in Guangdong, southern China.


Question: How long is the Helmijoki River?

Helmijoki

The Pearl River descends as several branches into the South China Sea between Hong Kong and Macau.


Question: How long is the Helmijoki River?

Helmijoki

[1] The river delta area is one of the most polluted areas in China.


Question: How long is the Helmijoki River?

Helmijoki

[2] Through the Pearl River, for example, the West River (Xī Jiāng), a 1960 kilometre-long river descending from west to east and has a catchment area of 329,000 square kilometres.


Question: How long is the Helmijoki River?

Helmijoki

[3] [4] Along with the West River, the most central rivers descending into the Helm River are the Bei River (Běi Jiāng, “north river”) and the Dong River (Dōngjiāng, “east river”).


Question: How long is the Helmijoki River?

Helmijoki

If the rivers upstream of the Helm River are counted as a whole, as some sources do, the length of the Helm River basin is approximately 2400 km.


Question: How long is the Helmijoki River?

Helmijoki

[5] This would be China's third longest river basin.


Question: How long is the Helmijoki River?

Helmijoki

The river has given its name to the Zhujiang Brewery and its beer brand, among others.


Question: How long is the Helmijoki River?

Helmijoki

The Pearl River in Canton, one of the landing branches of the river.


Question: How long is the Helmijoki River?

Helmijoki


Question: How long is the Helmijoki River?

Helmijoki

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead..


Question: How long is the Helmijoki River?

Helmijoki

Sources on the topic elsewhere Category:Rivers in China Category:Water bodies descending into the South China Sea Category:Key articles on screening


Question: Which territories did Russia ceded to Japan in the Portsmouth Peace Treaty?

Russo-Japanese War

The Russo-Japanese War was fought in 1904—1905 between the Japanese and Russian Empires.


Question: Which territories did Russia ceded to Japan in the Portsmouth Peace Treaty?

Russo-Japanese War

The war ended, to the surprise of many contemporaries, with Japan's victory, and the country's great power can be seen as beginning with the Portsmouth Peace Treaty that ended the conflict.


Question: Which territories did Russia ceded to Japan in the Portsmouth Peace Treaty?

Russo-Japanese War

The war caused strong social movement in Russia, the so-called Revolution of 1905, which eventually led to a constitutional monarchy.


Question: Which territories did Russia ceded to Japan in the Portsmouth Peace Treaty?

Russo-Japanese War

In the Grand Duchy of Finland, unrest led to the end of the first period of repression and the parliamentary reform of 1906.


Question: Which territories did Russia ceded to Japan in the Portsmouth Peace Treaty?

Russo-Japanese War

Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim was involved in the war.


Question: Which territories did Russia ceded to Japan in the Portsmouth Peace Treaty?

Russo-Japanese War

The Russo-Japanese War has been described as an exercise in World War I.


Question: Which territories did Russia ceded to Japan in the Portsmouth Peace Treaty?

Russo-Japanese War

It has at times been regarded as the first modern war.


Question: Which territories did Russia ceded to Japan in the Portsmouth Peace Treaty?

Russo-Japanese War

[1] Conflict Background Both Russia and Japan, but also Britain and Germany had expansion aspirations in East Asia beginning in the 19th century.


Question: Which territories did Russia ceded to Japan in the Portsmouth Peace Treaty?

Russo-Japanese War

In great power politics, the war was made possible by a treaty between Britain and Japan that secured British settlements in the Pacific and allowed Britain to focus on an arms race against Germany as well as France.


Question: Which territories did Russia ceded to Japan in the Portsmouth Peace Treaty?

Russo-Japanese War

For Japan, the treaty ensured Russia would remain without the support of allies.


Question: Which territories did Russia ceded to Japan in the Portsmouth Peace Treaty?

Russo-Japanese War

After the previous Sino-Japanese War of 1895, the Trialliance of Russia, Germany and France had stripped Japan of its gains in China.


Question: Which territories did Russia ceded to Japan in the Portsmouth Peace Treaty?

Russo-Japanese War

Japan severed diplomatic relations with Russia on February 6, 1904.


Question: Which territories did Russia ceded to Japan in the Portsmouth Peace Treaty?

Russo-Japanese War

[2] The course of the war The war began when, on 8 February 1904, Japan successfully attacked the Russian naval base at Port Arthur (now Lüshunkou) without a declaration of war.


Question: Which territories did Russia ceded to Japan in the Portsmouth Peace Treaty?

Russo-Japanese War

[3] [4] The Russian Empire Navy lost its commander Admiral Stepan Makarov on 13 April 1904 after the battleship Petropavlovsk was driven into a minefield by the Japanese.


Question: Which territories did Russia ceded to Japan in the Portsmouth Peace Treaty?

Russo-Japanese War

Subsequently, Vice Admiral Wilhelm Withöft decided to wait for reinforcements from Europe.


Question: Which territories did Russia ceded to Japan in the Portsmouth Peace Treaty?

Russo-Japanese War

The first land battle on the Sino-Korean border on the Jalu River ended in victory for the Japanese, and the Russians remained on the defensive, awaiting reinforcements along the Siberian Railway.


Question: Which territories did Russia ceded to Japan in the Portsmouth Peace Treaty?

Russo-Japanese War

The Japanese suffered heavy losses in attacking the fortified positions of the Russians, but the Russians failed to exploit their position.


Question: Which territories did Russia ceded to Japan in the Portsmouth Peace Treaty?

Russo-Japanese War

Japan won on the mainland, among other things, the Battle of Mukden in Manchuria.


Question: Which territories did Russia ceded to Japan in the Portsmouth Peace Treaty?

Russo-Japanese War

[3] Japan initiated the blockade of Port Arthur's port.


Question: Which territories did Russia ceded to Japan in the Portsmouth Peace Treaty?

Russo-Japanese War

When the Russian fleet finally came out of Port Arthur, it was merely an attempt to escape the advancing Japanese forces.


Question: Which territories did Russia ceded to Japan in the Portsmouth Peace Treaty?

Russo-Japanese War

In the ensuing Battle of the Yellow Sea on 10 August 1904, neither side suffered any significant losses, but the Russians backed back to Port Arthur except for one battleship.


Question: Which territories did Russia ceded to Japan in the Portsmouth Peace Treaty?

Russo-Japanese War

Withöft's flagship Tsesarevich fled to a Chinese port where it was interned until the end of the war, but Withöft himself was killed.


Question: Which territories did Russia ceded to Japan in the Portsmouth Peace Treaty?

Russo-Japanese War

In the fighting of 1904, the Japanese lost two battleships to mines.


Question: Which territories did Russia ceded to Japan in the Portsmouth Peace Treaty?

Russo-Japanese War

Port Arthur finally surrendered on 2 January 1905 and the Japanese raised four sunken battleships from its port, which were attached to the Japanese Navy.


Question: Which territories did Russia ceded to Japan in the Portsmouth Peace Treaty?

Russo-Japanese War

The Japanese drove the Russians out of Mukden by March 1905.


Question: Which territories did Russia ceded to Japan in the Portsmouth Peace Treaty?

Russo-Japanese War

Throughout this period, Russia's Baltic Fleet had been sailing from the Baltic Sea via the Cape of Good Hope and through the Indian Ocean for eight months towards the Pacific coast.


Question: Which territories did Russia ceded to Japan in the Portsmouth Peace Treaty?

Russo-Japanese War

The force included 11 battleships.


Question: Which territories did Russia ceded to Japan in the Portsmouth Peace Treaty?

Russo-Japanese War

The naval battle of Tsushima was fought on 27—28.


Question: Which territories did Russia ceded to Japan in the Portsmouth Peace Treaty?

Russo-Japanese War

On May 1905, the Russian Baltic Fleet led by Russian Admiral Zinovi Rožestvenski and a fleet led by Japanese Admiral Tōgō Heihachirō.


Question: Which territories did Russia ceded to Japan in the Portsmouth Peace Treaty?

Russo-Japanese War

In the battle, Japan destroyed ships sent by Russia from the Baltic Sea.


Question: Which territories did Russia ceded to Japan in the Portsmouth Peace Treaty?

Russo-Japanese War

Of Russia's 11 battleships, seven were sunk and four remained with the Japanese.


Question: Which territories did Russia ceded to Japan in the Portsmouth Peace Treaty?

Russo-Japanese War

The Japanese lost only three torpedo boats.


Question: Which territories did Russia ceded to Japan in the Portsmouth Peace Treaty?

Russo-Japanese War

Russian male losses were 4830 men, Japan's 117.


Question: Which territories did Russia ceded to Japan in the Portsmouth Peace Treaty?

Russo-Japanese War

The Russian Navy lost 17 of its 28 battleships in the war, the remaining eight were in the Black Sea, from where the Ottomans would not let them through the Bosphorus, and two were obsolete under repair in the Baltic.


Question: Which territories did Russia ceded to Japan in the Portsmouth Peace Treaty?

Russo-Japanese War

Tsesarevich returned to the strength of the Russian Pacific Fleet after the end of the war.


Question: Which territories did Russia ceded to Japan in the Portsmouth Peace Treaty?

Russo-Japanese War

The conclusion of peace and the consequences of war Peace between the two countries was concluded through United States President Theodore Roosevelt.


Question: Which territories did Russia ceded to Japan in the Portsmouth Peace Treaty?

Russo-Japanese War

In the Peace Treaty of Portsmouth of September 5, 1905 [2], Russia ceded Port Arthur, the Liaotung Peninsula and the southern part of Sakhalin to Japan, as well as recognizing the Korean Peninsula as belonging to Japan's sphere of interest.


Question: Which territories did Russia ceded to Japan in the Portsmouth Peace Treaty?

Russo-Japanese War

[3] Victory over Russia elevated Japan to a superpower and military power.


Question: Which territories did Russia ceded to Japan in the Portsmouth Peace Treaty?

Russo-Japanese War

The experiences of the Battle of Tsushima were closely studied afterwards.


Question: Which territories did Russia ceded to Japan in the Portsmouth Peace Treaty?

Russo-Japanese War

The new naval war tactics prompted John “Jackie” Fisher, First Sea Lord of the British Admiralty, to develop in 1906 a new type of battleship, HMS Dreadnought, which became the mother of all actual modern battleships.


Question: Which territories did Russia ceded to Japan in the Portsmouth Peace Treaty?

Russo-Japanese War

Nikolai Rimski-Korsakov's opera The Golden Rooster was completed shortly after the war and was banned because it was a satire of an ill-fated Japan war expedition.