Question: When is Fallout Tactics released?

Fallout

Fallout 76 Fallout 76 is a game under development by Bethesda Softworks that features online multiplayer only.


Question: When is Fallout Tactics released?

Fallout

It was announced at E3 2018 in June 2018.


Question: When is Fallout Tactics released?

Fallout

[4] Sources Elsewhere Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When is Fallout Tactics released?

Fallout

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: When is Fallout Tactics released?

Fallout

Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When is Fallout Tactics released?

Fallout

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: When is Fallout Tactics released?

Fallout

Category:Fallout Category:Video Game Series Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: What does voivode mean?

Voivode

Voivode is a Slavic title that was initially given to an elected chief to lead the war.


Question: What does voivode mean?

Voivode

Later it has been used from some princes in Moldova, Poland, Transylvania and Wallachia.


Question: What does voivode mean?

Voivode

In Serbia and Montenegro, the voivode was the leading figure of a particular region.


Question: What does voivode mean?

Voivode

In Russia, voivode held the title of land lord from the 16th century until 1775 and in Poland it held the title of the supreme administrative authority of the voivodeship from 1919 to 1950 and in modern Poland the term Wojewoda meaning voivode means governor of Polish voivodeship.


Question: What does voivode mean?

Voivode

In the Kingdom of Serbia, the voivode was the highest military rank in use since 1901, the equivalent of a marshal.


Question: What does voivode mean?

Voivode

Sources Otava big encyclopedia, Otava 1965 New encyclopedia, Encyclopedia oy 1966 Category:Titles


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

Noble gases are elements that have a full octet on their outermost electron shell, excluding helium, for which only two electrons are suitable for its sole electron shell.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[1] [2] Due to their electron structure, they do not readily participate in chemical reactions, [1] and are odorless, non-combustible, tasteless inert gases.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[2] In the periodic system, noble gases form group 18 (main group VIII) and are in the extreme right-hand column of the table.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[3] [2] The noble gases are helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, radon [4] as well as artificial oganesson.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[2] [5] [6] History Helium Helium (, helios, or auriko) was first discovered outside the Earth [7] when astronomers Pierre Janssen and Joseph Lockyer and chemist Edward Frankland in 1868 observed a spectral line of an unknown element in the solar spectrum that did not been previously known.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[7] This line is visible only during a total solar eclipse, and had a wavelength of 587.49 nm.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

The line was designated D3, as D2 and D1 are lines of sodium.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[8] [9] For the first time on earth helium was isolated by William Ramsay on 23 March 1895, when he treated a mineral called cleveite, consisting mostly of uranium dioxide (UO2), with sulfuric acid, and separating nitrogen and oxygen from the resulting gas, he speculated that he found argon, but did a bright yellow line in the spectrum that corresponded to the D3 spectral line found on the sun.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

In the same year, Per Teodor Cleve and the Swede Abraham Langlet isolated helium so much that they were able to determine the atomic weight, they found it self-sensed at the same time as Ramsay.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[8] In 1907, it was shown that alpha particles generated in nuclear reactions are helium nuclei.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[7] Neon Neon was first discovered by Scottish chemist William Ramsay and English chemist Morris Travers in 1898.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

It was found by supporting liquefied air, fairly soon after krypton.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

They isolated the vaporizing gas, and, using spectroscopy, determined that they had discovered a new noble gas.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[10] Neon is the fifth most common element in the world universe after hydrogen, helium, oxygen and carbon.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

Although neon is abundant in the universe, there is only 0.0018% of it in the Earth's atmosphere.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[11] Neon was named after the Greek language (, neos meaning new) [11].


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

Argon Argon was discovered by British chemist Henry Cavendish in 1785.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

He noticed that some of the air was reactingto the gas.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[12] In 1892, Lord Rayleigh and William Ramsay stated that the density of nitrogen isolated from air was higher than that of nitrogen synthetically produced from ammonia.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

Ramsay removed all nitrogen from the gas isolated from the air using hot magnesium, making it magnesium nitride, and what remained was a gas with new red and green lines in its specr.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[13] The atmosphere contains the most argon after nitrogen and oxygen, [1] of which is present in air by 0.93%.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[14] Argon derives its name from the Greek language (meaning inactive).


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[12] Krypton Krypton was discovered in 1898 when William Ramsay and Morris Traves, after discovering argon, concluded that the next element would be hidden in the remaining mixture.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[15] On 30 May 1898, they succeeded in isolating it by hydration and evaporation processes at about 25 cm³.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

They tested it with a spectrometer, and determined it was a new, undiscovered, element.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

They named it Krypton (, cryptos, meaning hidden or hidden) after the Greek language.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[16] Xenon Xenon was discovered in 1898.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

William Ramsay and Morris Travers had previously isolated neon, argon and krypton from liquid air and wondered if the air still contained other gases.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

Wealthy industrialist Ludwig Mond gave them access to a new machine to process liquid air, and they used it to isolate more rare xenon.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

Again and again they separated the heavier gases and finally received xeon so much that they were able to study it in a vacuum tube where it gave off a blue glow.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

They realised they had found one more noble gas.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

They named it xenon (, xenon meaning strange) after the Greek language.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

Later, in 1962, it turned out that xenon wasn't as inert as other noble gases.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[17] Xenon is the rarest of noble gases.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

There is about one part in twenty million of it in the atmosphere.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[18] However, computationally, xenon should be present in the atmosphere 20 times more than observed.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[1] Compared to the Martian atmosphere, it would appear that 95% of xenon has disappeared somewhere since the birth of Earth, [19] It is unknown whether it was nestled in soil, committed to water or lost from Earth.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[1] [19] Xenon is isolated from liquid air for commercial purposes.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

The isotopes 133Xe and 135Xe are manufactured by neutron radiation in air-cooled nuclear reactors.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[18] Radon In 1899 Ernest Rutherford and Robert B. Owens made the observation that thorium produces radioactive gas.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

In the same year, Pierre and Marie Curie observed radium leaving radon.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

In 1900, Friedrich Ernst Dorn discovered that radium enclosed in ampoules produces gas.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

They were the first to make observations of radon.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

Soon, the long-lived isotope 222radon was discovered with a half-life of 3.8 days.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

The radon that Rutherford observed was 220radon, which has a half-life of only 56 seconds.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[20] In 1900 Rutherford discovered that it was possible to make a new gas soluble in water.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

In 1908, William Ramsay and Robert Whytlaw-Grey collected so much gas that they were able to determine its properties.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

They reported it to be the heaviest gas found.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[20] Radon concentrations in the Earth's atmosphere are low due to the short half-lives of its isotopes.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[21] The first health harms of radon came to light when it was mined in the United States during the Cold War.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

At uranium mines, radon concentrations were so high that they would have required proper air conditioning to be provided, which was also required by safety regulations.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

However, their implementation was not monitored or observed very closely, and large numbers of miners contracted bowel cancer as well as other diseases caused by radon.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[21] Radon's dangers were discovered in 1984 when Stanley Watras, an employee at a nuclear power plant, went to work and was alerted by radiation monitors.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

He had not been involved with any combustion rods, and when the source of the radiation was examined, finally went to his home, whose basement measured a high radon content of about 100000 Bq, [21] which was 1100 times higher than the accepted level.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[22] Today in the basements of dwellings, radiation levels are measured using radon measuring cans if there is a suspicion that radon levels might be higher than recommended in the apartment.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[23] The last 18 elements of the Oganesson Group number 118 (oganesson) were capable of producing three atoms in 2002.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[5] [24] [25] Oganesson has one known radioactive isotope, 294Og, with a half-life of 0.89 milliseconds.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[6] [25] Oganesson is the heaviest element that has been successfully prepared.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[26] Chemical properties Generally speaking, noble gases do not react chemically in any way.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

Not a single stable helium or neon compound has been able to be manufactured, [27] but in 2000 the first research team led by Markku Räsänen discovered the highly unstable argon compound HarF at a temperature of —265 degrees Celsius.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[19] It has been possible to obtain noble gas compounds with heavier noble gases, krypton, argon, xenon and radon, whose upper orbitals can donate electrons.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[1] [2] Only krypton, xenon and radon are known to form stable compounds.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[2] As an example, xenon fluorides XEF2, XEF4 and XeF6 are prepared.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

In these, fluorine acts as an oxidizer, that is, xenon is partially positively charged.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[28] [29] Xenon itself is not toxic, but its compounds are highly toxic because they are strong oxidizing agents.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[17] Xenon difluoride is unstable, sensitive to air and moisture.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

All xenon fluorides must be protected from moisture to avoid the formation of xenon trioxide.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

It is a colorless, non-volatile solid that is dangerously explosive when dry.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

Its solution is a stable weak acid but a strong oxidizing agent.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[30] Noble gases have extremely low melting and boiling points.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

Also, under normal conditions, the heaviest substances of the group are single-atomic gases.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[2] Physical and atomic properties * 25bar pressure.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

Applications Noble gases are used in lighting technology with the exception of radioactive radon.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

The first time neon lights were used in 1893 at the Chicago World's Fair.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[31] However, they did not begin to become common until the 1910—1920s, when French engineer Georges Claude began to make advertising lights out of them.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

Physicist Heinrich Geissler developed the 1857 Geissler tube in which noble gas derived into a closed glass tube began to shimmer as an electric current was passed through it.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

Each noble gas produces a different hue to this type of fluorescent light.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[31] [32] Argon is also used as a protective gas, as in welding [33] or in the inner parts of incandescent lamps to prevent glowing tungsten wire from evaporating in the inner parts of the lamps.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

Before, a vacuum was created in the inner part of the lamps to prevent the filament from burning across.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

On the light hues of incandescent lamps, gases have no effect.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[34] Xenon bulbs have been used in lighthouses, film projectors and automotive headlights, among others.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[35] They have no filament which could disintegrate from vibration.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

They have two electrodes, in the tank between which the gas is located.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

Salts of metals are also included to change the properties of the gas to fit.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

Turning on the light requires a voltage of about 25000 volts, but after ignition, the voltage can be lowered.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

The voltage difference formed between the electrodes of the xenon bulb causes an arc that glows bright light in the gas mixture.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

The xenon bulb does not produce the amount of light it produces when it heats up, but it is already brighter than, for example, a halogen bulb when lit.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[36] [37] The light from the lamps containing ionized krypton gas is white.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

Lamps containing krypton gas are bright white light sources useful for high-speed imaging, flash lights and high-power airport lights.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

At the edges of airports and as approach lights, high-powered krypton lamps are used, which emit a powerful light.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

Krypton gas combined with other gases can be changed from green—yellow to yellow.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[38] [39] [40] Krypton gas is used as an inert filling gas in energy-saving lamps and incandescent lamps [38] and also in lasers because it has high light output at the red end of the spectrum.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[15] [38] Thumbnail image|Liquid helium is used to cool superconducting magnets in mangnet imaging equipment.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

Argon and krypton have also been used between insulating glasses [41] as filler gases.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[42] Non-combustible and lighter-than-air helium is often used instead of highly flammable hydrogen in balloons, weather balloons and light airships as a carrier gas.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[8] [43] [44] It also has uses in semiconductors, fibre optics, research, airbag manufacturing, leakage finding, thermal and surface treatment [43] [9] and also as a protective gas, just like argon.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[33] Liquefied helium also produces very low temperatures, so it is usually used in cold laboratories as a coolant like liquid nitrogen.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[1] Unlike other gases, helium remains a liquid near absolute zero even at normal pressure because its zero-point energy is simply too great.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

The solid state of helium is formed only at extremely low temperatures and high pressure (2.5MPa, i.e. about25bar and 0.95K).


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[8] Noble gases are also used in diving.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[45] In engineering diving, argon is used as a drysuit filling gas, as well as various mixtures of helium, nitrogen and oxygen to avoid diver disease.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[46] In demanding saturation diving, which is used primarily for construction and maintenance work in the petroleum industry, carried out at depths of up to 500 m, [47] gas mixtures are used to prevent diver sickness.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[46] Helium is used as a coolant in MRI devices to cool their superconductor magnets.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[7] A quarter of the helium produced annually is used in MRI devices.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[9] There have been attempts to develop MRI devices as a smaller food for helium consumption.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[48] [49] Particle accelerators also use large amounts of helium to cool their large mangnets.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

For example, the Large Hadron Collider () on the Swiss-French border at the CERN research centre contains 130tonnes of helium.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[50] [51] Threatening Helium Decline In 1925, the United States government voted to establish a strategic national helium reserve (NHR), and began to be collected for the National Helium Reservation at an old mine in Amarillo, Texas, for possible war in case of use in airships.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

However, the kind of war in which airships would have been needed never came, but in 1960 NASA began using helium in the Apollo program [9] to use helium to make rocket fuel.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[52] By 1995, 800billion litres of gas had been collected in storage facilities, and the national helium reserve was indebted to $1.4 billion.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

It was decided to discontinue the scheme in 1996 and most of the helium was sold to pay off its debts.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[9] Helium is the most abundant element of hydrogen, it is 23% of the element in the universe, but its majority is concentrated in stars.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

On Earth, it is only 5.2 parts per million (about 0.0005%) by volume, mainly because most of the helium in Earth's atmosphere escapes into space due to its inerticity and low mass.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[8] Helium is not evenly distributed in the atmosphere, but is most present in the atmospheric heterosphere.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[53] Almost all helium on earth is the result of the decay of radioactive minerals containing uranium and thorium.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

Helium is produced by fractional distillation, or fractionation, from natural gas where it rains up to 7%, [8] but it has not been produced so much in recent years.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

One reason oil and landfall companies are not willing to invest in separating helium from land debris is that the United States no longer sees it as a strategic asset.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

This has led to its shortage around the world.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

There was a shortage of helium in 2012-13 as some big plants were out of service due to maintenance.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[49] It is projected that at current utilization rates, all helium in known reserves will be consumed by 2030 and 2040.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

[52] Sources Elsewhere Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

(pdf) currently Oganesson.


Question: When was superconductivity first detected?

Noble gases

Category:Periodic System Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

National Socialist Germany, or Nazi Germany, sometimes also the Third Reich and in older sources Hitler-Germany, [1] [2] refers to the German dictatorship of 1933—1945 which was ruled by the German National Socialist Workers' Party NSDAP under its leader Adolf Hitler.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The official name of the state was the German Reich () until 1943, when it became the Greater German Reich (.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Third Reich The designation “Third Reich” () emphasised the way of National Socialists to think in their propaganda their own rule as being the “First Reich”, i.e., the Holy German-Roman Empire and the “Second Reich”, that is, Germany formed out of numerous German states in 1871 continuum of the Empire.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The intermediate Weimar Republic was not considered to be a kingdom.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The name “millennial kingdom” referred to the 1,000-year Holy German-Roman Empire, as well as Christian eschatology, (meaning 'the doctrine of the last events of the world') and thus also suggested National Socialist rule lasting a thousand years.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The thousand-year chapter referred to the thousand-year history of the Holy German-Roman Empire.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The term “Third Reich” was introduced by German cultural historian Arthur Moeller van den Bruck (1876—1925) in 1923 — ten years before Hitler's rise to power — in his work Das dritte Reich.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

However, Adolf Hitler himself did not approve of it and even forbade in 1939 the press from using this name from Germany.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

[3] Nazi propaganda also emphasized the legacy of the Empire by mixing nationalist, traditional and National Socialist symbols with each other.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The emergence of National Socialist Germany The rise to power of the National Socialists and the failure of the Weimar Republic has been explained above all by the consequences of World War I, such as the “peace of shame” and dire economic problems.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

According to the controversial separation science theory (), the basis of the National Socialists' rise to power lay in the specifics of Germany that existed even before World War I.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The National Socialist Workers' Party of Germany (NSDAP) was founded as early as 1919, but was for a long time a small opposition party.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

From the beginning, however, it pursued usurpation of power and the abrogation of the republic.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

In 1923, its supporters attempted a coup d'état, which, however, failed.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

In this case, Adolf Hitler and three other members of the party leadership were sentenced to five years in prison for state fraud.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

After serving his sentence, Hitler served time in Landsberg Prison.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Hitler was already released after a year because the Bavarian government no longer regarded the far right as a threat factor.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

[4] Hitler outlined his programme in his two-volume 1925—1926 published work Mein Kampf (Finnish. My fight).


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

From 1930 onwards, during a period of economic shortage, support for the NSDAP grew considerably, and in the July 1932 general election it emerged as the largest party, gaining over a third of the vote.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

In the next elections in November, the party lost 15% of its seats in the Reichstag but still remained by far the largest.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

However, the joint number of seats between the Social Democrats and Communists was higher than that of the NSDAP.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The party's rise to power became possible on 30 January 1933, when President Paul von Hindenburg appointed Adolf Hitler as head of the new government, namely the Reich Chancellor.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

At that time there were still other parties involved in the government, and officially it was just a normal change of government, but quite soon Hitler gained all the power.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Already on the same day that the new government had been appointed, it ordered parliament to be dissolved and new elections to be held in March of the same year.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Even before this election, left-wing parties were banned, on the pretext of the 27 February German Reichstag fire, which was blamed on a communist, Marinus van der Lubbe.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The constitution of the Weimar Republic contained provisions that, in the event of a state of emergency, exceptionally broad powers could be granted to the government for a fixed period.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The Parliament elected in March 1933 enshrined the Power Act granting Hitler such powers, initially for four years.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

According to this, he was entitled to legislate, too, without the assistance of Parliament.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Subsequently, Parliament did not meet more than a few times to give formal confirmation to some of the most important decisions.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The constitution of the Weimar Republic was still officially in force, but due to Hitler's exceptional powers, it had little practical significance.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

However, when President Hindenburg died in August 1934, the constitution was amended to merge the posts of Reich Chancellor and Reich President.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Hitler then held the title of Führer und Reichskansler and was appointed to that post for life.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The territories German territorial dislocations in World War I to Germany were the territories left to the Weimar Republic after the Versailles Peace Treaty.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Compared to the German Empire, the Weimar Republic lost its colonies, which were transferred to the League of Nations, which in turn granted control of them to the Circum-Powers.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

In Asia, in turn, German concession territories in China were inherited by Japan, which had entered World War I for this purpose.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

In the Peace of Versailles, Germany lost the territory of Alsas-Lothringen to France.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The Rhineland had a demilitarisation obligation on Germany, which Adolf Hitler broke in 1936 by occupying the area.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The most important area lost, however, was the so-called Polish Corridor, which guaranteed Poland a connection to the sea but isolated East Prussia as a German exclave.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

In addition to these territories, Germany lost Saarland to League of Nations control, Memel territory to Lithuania, Eupen-Malmedyn to Belgium, and territories to Denmark from southern Jutland.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

From the Federal Republic to the National Socialist Unitary State, Imperial Germany consisted of various king and principalities led by the King of the Kingdom of Prussia as Emperor of Germany.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

During the Weimar Republic, principalities became states that still enjoyed quite extensive self-government.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

But already on March 31, 1931, the Land Days of the States were dissolved and ordered to be re-formed in accordance with the results of the Reichstag elections.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

A week later, a Privy Lord was appointed to each state, with the power to dissolve the Landdays.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

[5] Exactly one year after Hitler came to power, on 30 January 1934, a law was also enacted abolishing states' representations, transferring their self-government rights to the national level, and subjugating state governments to the government of the Reich.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

[6] Territorial extensions prior to World War II the Saar region was annexed to Germany on the basis of a 1935 referendum.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Regionally, the German state expanded considerably when it was annexed by Austria in the 1938 amalgamation known as the Anschluss.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Austria was annexed by Germany in and was initially formed into a subdivision called Ostmark, [7] but later it was divided into several administrative districts.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Germany's next expansion came towards the end of the same year with the annexation of the German-speaking regions of Czechoslovakia, the Sudeten regions, into Germany.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

In 1939, Germany also occupied the Czech parts of the country, from which the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia was formed.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Slovakia became the so-called “Slovak state”, whose economy and politics were nevertheless tied to National Socialist Germany.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Soon the Memel region, which had belonged to Lithuania, lost in World War I, was also annexed.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

War victories After World War II began and Poland became divided for the fourth time, this time between Germany and the Soviet Union, Germany annexed more territories from Poland.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Towards the end of World War I, following the Italian surrender, German-speaking South Tyrol was annexed to Greater Germany for a while.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Politics and Administration From Reich Chancellery to President and Leader, the German Reich was governed by the National Socialist Workers' Party of Germany (NSDAP, or Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, from which the designation “Nazi” meaning National Socialist derives).


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Only Nazi Party activities were allowed, other parties were banned.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The leader of the party, the Reich Chancellor and the President served as the Führer (leader), a dictator to whom all power was centralized.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Established after German President Hindenburg died in 1934, the post belonged to Adolf Hitler until the last days of the National Socialist regime.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Regional administration The National Socialist administration made substantial administrative changes with the aim of enabling an effective central power.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Admittedly, the historical German states were not officially abolished, but already in 1933—1934 they lost their right of self-government.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

[5] Greater importance than the states was given by the district chiefs of the National Socialist Party, the Gauleiters, the Gaut, which were formed independently of the state borders.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Government objectives The priority, along with the unification of the country and cultural harmonisation, was to also strive for German speakers to live in one state.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

This was epitomised by the slogan Ein Reich, Ein Volk, Ein Führer (one kingdom, one people, one leader).


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The 1938 annexation of Austria in the Anschluss and the 1939 annexation of the Sudeten regions of Czechoslovakia to Germany reflected this goal, as did the attempt to annex the Free City of Danzig to Germany, which served as justification for the start of World War II.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Organizing the winning lands in administration, Germany organized the territories it occupied into various administrative regions.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Some territories were directly annexed to Germany, some of the territories were governed by the military administration of the Wehrmacht, some by the German Civil Occupation Administration, by the Ministry of Conquered Eastern Territories under Alfred Rosenberg (Das Reichsministerium für die besetzten Ostgebiete), which in practice gained competition. Officials under the four-year plan led by Herman Goering.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The Rosenberg ministry practically sought to implement the Master Plan of the East in terms of population policy and economic policy in territories conquered from the Soviet Union.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Economy From Deflation to Recovery With the Nazis rising to power, the biggest problem was 30% unemployment.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The economy was responsible for the top Hjalmar Schacht, who became Governor of the State Bank in 1933 and a year later Minister of Economy.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Schacht managed to take advantage of the abandonment of the gold standard and keep interest rates low, as well as the budget deficit high with large public works.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

As a result, unemployment fell at a peak rate.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

This Keynesian economic policy was complemented by increased demand for rearmament.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

However, the economy, as well as the employment situation, had shown signs of improvement even before the National Socialists came to power.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

From 1930 to 1932, Heinrich Brüning, who served as Reich Chancellor, had pushed deflationary measures meant to contribute to an early economic recovery, even if they meant temporary decline.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

After coming to power, Hitler repaired the merit from the achievements of the Brüning regime he had driven into exile.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

[8] In the beginning, Schacht's regulation of foreign trade focused on accelerating rearmament and its favoured industry when other resource needs and consumption were less noted.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

This layout escalated by 1935 into a major food shortage, as German agricultural production alone was insufficient to produce food for the entire nation.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Mechanization and modernization of agriculture had lagged behind due to equipping.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The average wage of the working population had fallen to the poverty line, and although selling prices for food were kept low under threat of punishment, prices rose in practice by 50% to 75%.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Often, farmers and other food producers did not sell directly to vendors; instead, they favored black market traders in order to get a higher selling price for their produce.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The black market also grew in popularity among consumers, as these could exchange commodities they owned directly for food.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Schacht and Minister of Agriculture Walther Darré were mired in a dispute which Göring resolved on Hitler's orders in Darré's favour.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Hitler despised the black market but could not suppress it outright, as it had formed important for ideological reasons to a German agricultural population defined as valuable.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The shortage of food meant economic growth for the agricultural population but darkened the mood of the working class, whose uplift helped motivate Hitler to occupy the Rhineland earlier than intended.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

[9] Four-Year Plan Schacht resigned from his post under pressure from Hermann Göring in November 1937.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Göring may have pushed for his own four-year plan, the purpose of which was to make Germany more economically self-sufficient 1936—1940, after which it could be ready for war.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Under Goering, imports were drastically reduced and exports to Germany were largely based on exports being escorted by those who bought from Germany.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Wages and prices were tightly controlled by the state — self-domination in regulating wages and prices could take them to a concentration camp.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

In addition, dividends were restricted.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Much like the Soviet economic plans, the strategic objectives for the economy, such as growing and developing industries necessary for armament, had to be achieved at all costs.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

[10] Due to strict state control and war retention, almost full employment was achieved in Nazi Germany.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Admittedly, the statistics of the time didn't include childless women who were happy not allowed to work and mothers who were generally banned from working.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Also, millions of people arrested and lost their civil rights were not counted in the employment figures.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The benefits and rights of the workers were bad.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Wages fell between 1933 and 1938 by about 25 per cent.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Trade unions were banned, as were collective dealing and the right to strike.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Nor did the employee have the right to refuse assigned jobs, and employer consent was required to change the job.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

[10] According to a law prescribed in 1935, young adult males between the ages of 18 and 25 years were required to complete an unpaid six-month period of labor service after their studies.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

After his professional service, two years of military service followed.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

[11] While the loss of workers' rights and reduced pay was an advantage for employers and entrepreneurs, they too had no reason to be entirely satisfied with the new system.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Instead of making profits, investments had to be government-controlled and in its interests.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Government funding eventually became the dominant part of investing, with private guarantees reduced by more than half between 1933 and 1934 to around 10% between 1935 and 1938.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Large income taxes limited companies' own financing.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The largest corporations generally received an income tax exemption, although government regulation was strong enough to warrant talk of “the sheer empty shell of private enterprise.”


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

[10] Wartime economy In wartime, Nazi Germany's able-bodied male population was shifted to fronts in increasing numbers.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

From 1942 onward, efforts were made to exterminate the Jewish population in concentration camps and were no longer used in the previous way for forced labour.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Meanwhile, German war luck turned to decline and Minister of Equipment Fritz Todt was killed in an airplane crash.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Hitler appointed architect Albert Speer in his place, who quickly organised production to more effectively serve the war machine.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

[10] An effort was made to make up the shortfall in labour, mostly through slave labour imported from conquered countries.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Approximately 12million slaves from 20 states worked for Nazi Germany.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

About 75% of them came from Eastern Europe.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

[10] Women in Workforce Inequality, anti-feminism, and the attempt to remove women from working life as stay-at-home mothers were integral to Nazi ideology from the very beginning.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

In the early days of the party's founding, a 1921 decision denied women access to leadership positions in the Nazi Party.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Also, the party's women's organizations were almost invariably run by men, and their principle was not to promote the status of a woman within the party or society, but to spread Nazi ideology among women.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

During the Weimar Republic, which preceded the Nazi regime, Germany experienced a boom in gender equality, when women's access to employment or study was hardly restricted.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

As a result, even in 1939, German women had an average higher figure in employment than in Britain or the United States, for example.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

[12] [13] However, there had been active efforts to reduce the number of women in the labour market immediately after the 1933 rise to power.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

In propaganda and speeches by leading figures, women were defined intellectually and physically as weaker beings than men who needed the guidance and protection of a manly society.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

A woman's central life mission became to give birth and raise men to work and war, as well as women to become new birthers.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The social importance of mothers was emphasised, and high-ranking honours such as “golden maternity honour crosses” were handed out to mothers from large families.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Family mothers raised to their rank were generally prohibited from fully participating in employment if they had children of fostering age.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Childless women, in turn, were encouraged to marry, including by guaranteeing affordable loans for families, paying child benefit and reducing taxation for large families.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Instead, there was an effort to create an image of women involved in the workforce as morally lax, selfish and staggering creatures who took jobs away from men who nonetheless could do the same job better.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Women's pay was markedly lower, though not much different from the still-life internationally prevalent in the 1930s.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

A distinctive feature of Nazi Germany was the equality of wages only in physically very heavy occupations where traditionally men did better.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

This was aimed at encouraging the employer to favour men when hiring workers.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

[12] [13] Efforts were made to eliminate women's vocational or educational value training, access to leadership positions and opportunities for social influence altogether.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

According to Hitler, “the goal of education offered to women invariably became to be future motherhood” and women's access to study or become teachers was hampered by regulations.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Women's organizations came to submit to the leadership of the Nazi Party and independent women's organizations were abolished.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The highest-ranking woman in Nazi Germany was Gertrud Scholtz-Klink, president of the National Socialist Women's Union NS-Frauenschaft, but she had no official control beyond any German man.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Despite her own position, Scholtz-Klink was staunchly opposed to women's participation in politics.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

[12] [13] [14] During the war, women's organizations were involved in voluntary activities such as bombing firefighting and guarding and controlling forced labour brought in from captured areas.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

[15] The imposition of an order to remove women from employment was often considered, but did not have time to be imposed before the start of World War II.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

With the ignition of World War II, Britain underwent a structural change.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The mobilisation of men into the armed forces caused a labour shortage and large numbers of women were recruited to work programmatically.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The same was repeated in the United States, which entered the war in December 1941.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

In Germany, the National Socialist women's program continued as it was in the early years of the war, although some efforts were made to fill the resulting labour shortage with women as well.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

By 1943, the luck of war had turned and losses in the armies had begun to become heavy, so efforts were made to recruit women programmatically for employment and industry service in Germany as well.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Due to previous limitations and negative attitudes, the company was not as successful as in the allied states.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Due to the discrepancy, the number of women in German labour remained roughly the same throughout the war.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

[12] Mostly out of childless women, female auxiliary forces (Wehrmachtshelferinnen) were formed under the Wehrmacht.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Approximately 500,000 female assistants served.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Of them, about half were volunteers and half were called to service.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

They served as nurses, typists, air supervisors (not in armed air combat), and operators of communications centers, among others.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Still at the beginning of the war, the Nazi Party was adamantly opposed to women's armed service, as ideologically protecting a woman was solely the sacred function of the German man.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

However, in the final months of the war, as the fighting turned into already desperate attempts to combat, women and also underage girls were moved to combat duty and armed anti-aircraft combat.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

[16] [15] Women were also employed by the SS, some 3500 of them as guards in concentration camps.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

[17] Culture miniature|Nurnberg party dates in autumn 1937.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The Temple of Light Pillars, designed by Albert Speer, was visible during nightly festivities in National Socialist Germany, the administration supervised its citizens to reach the ends signposted by its ideology.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The point was to create an Aryan people as powerful as culturally, racially and health-wise as possible.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Such works of art that contradicted the classical art ideal were designated as “decadent art”.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

National Socialism, along with the Soviet regime, favoured an easy-to-understand art direction, realism, in which, however, as a distinction from Soviet socialist realism, the national romantic themes associated with Germanic mythology were emphasized.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The culture of Nazi Germany idolised the Aryan race, Germanism and leader.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Hitler's cult of personnel was a significant part of German culture.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Propaganda played a large part in people's lives.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Streets, radio broadcasts, films and magazines were filled with Nazi propaganda, portraying Hitler as the great savior, the Aryan race as superior, and Jews and other “sub-humans” in a bad light.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The most central message of the cult of persons built around Hitler was that he had a special relationship with the German people.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Hitler himself described this in the Reichstag of Nuremberg in 1934: “Our leadership considers the people not just the object of leadership, but it lives in the people, knows with the people and fights for the people.” The Führer was the personification of the people who led it to its historical destiny.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

In addition to light and portraits, efforts were made to widely disseminate the director's writings.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

By the time of the fall of the Third Reich, Mein Kampfia, as a cheap staple edition, had sold 8—9million copies.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

From 1936 onward, a free copy of the book was distributed in the registry offices to all married couples.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

[18] The ideology of absolute leadership (Führung) and subordination (Gefolgschaft) was also ritualized with the Heil Hitler salute, which became in 1933 compulsory for all state employees.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

It was also compulsory during the national anthem and the Nazi Party's official party anthem, Horst-Wessel-Lied.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

All public correspondence came to conclude with the Heil Hitler greeting, which became popular even in response to the phone.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

[18] The country's official national anthem was Deutschlandlied.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Domestically, however, only the first stanza of the national anthem, followed by the party anthem, was usually sung.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Heinrich Himmler studied prehistoric religions and folk faith, seeking to introduce rites related to presumed Germanic antiquity within the circle of the SS.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

As an indication of new thinking, no crosses were erected in the field cemeteries of SS soldiers, but generally upward-pointing arrows made of birch.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Criticism in National Socialist Germany was required for art critics of all fields to belong to the Reich Chamber of Culture, and from 1936 they had to obtain a certificate of qualification from the Ministry of Propaganda.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

In November 1936, Goebbels declared all art criticism forbidden.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Since modern art had by now been subject to a ban on performance, all art that qualified for public display was now “pure Germanic art” in line with the Nazi Party ideology, which was no longer allowed to be criticised because the criticism would have been directed at the Nazi ideology hidden in the background.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Starting with the Declaration, art could only be informed and news, it was no longer allowed to be criticized, condemned or criticized.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Art always came to be written under its own name, permission had to be applied for and the applicant had to be over 30 years old.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

[19] [20] Music Following the rise of the Nazis to power they soon established the Reich Music Chamber () to oversee musical life.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

In 1933, the nearly 70-year-old Richard Strauss was appointed to head it by Joseph Goebbels.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

However, Strauss was soon forced to resign because he continued to collaborate with the Jewish libretist Stefan Zweig.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The Nazis defined the music permitted in the Third Reich precisely: music was not allowed to be dissonant, atonal, dodecaphonic, “chaotic”, Jewish, jazz-influenced, or left-wing.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Based on this, the vast majority of modernist and modern music was banned.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Those in power focused on performing works by great German composers of the 19th century such as Ludwig van Beethoven and Anton Bruckner to demonstrate the superiority of the German people over other nationalities.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Especially popular with those in power was Richard Wagner because of the composer's anti-Semitic views and the German mythology of the Ring series.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Adolf Hitler much admired Wagner and sought to connect this music with the heroic history of the German people he developed.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

[21] Hitler was also a personal friend of Winifred Wagner, widow of the composer's son Siegfried, who ran the Bayreuth Opera Festival, and the opera festival became a major national event, receiving monetary support from the state.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

[22] Wagner's music was also linked to the fates of the Third Reich: when the news of Stalingrad's surrender reached Berlin, Siegfried's funeral march for the destruction of the Gods was played repeatedly over several days on the radio.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

[23] Fine art was subjected to Nazi persecution by modern art.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The “art of decadence” was declared all the trends of modernism that emerged at the beginning of the century, including Impressionism, Expressionism, Dada, Neofaciality, Surrealism, Cubism, and Fauvism.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

German avant-garde artists were branded both enemies of the state and a threat to the German nation.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Many fled the country and lost their reputation and reliability.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Film The film industry was entirely state-dependent.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The Triumph of the Will, the most famous Nazi propagandist film, was directed by Hitler's favourite director, Leni Riefenstahl.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The film was a documentary about the NSDAP party convention.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The film was awarded for its cinematic merits in the United States, among others.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Another key director was Veit Harlan [24].


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Under Hitler, 1933—1945, some 1150 feature-length films were completed in Germany, and one sixth of them were decidedly propagandistic.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

In all films, the propaganda was not as visible (for example, the historical drama Jud Süß), but in some it was very visible (as in the documentary Der ewige Jude about the Jewish conquest of the world).


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Propaganda ranged from evoking Jewish-hostile feelings to praise of the Nazi regime, and often both were performed together.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The other films were drama, comedy and heimat-spirited reality-escape films.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Production was overseen by the State Film Chamber, and no Jews were accepted as authors.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

From films completed before 1933, those whose makers included Jews were banned.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Production in 1942 fell entirely into the hands of the state.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

[24] Sports Sports in National Socialist Germany was much appreciated.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The Germans were more successful on the sports grounds under the protection of the state.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The 1936 Olympic Games in Berlin gave the German leadership the opportunity for large-scale Nazi propaganda in what has later been seen as an embarrassment to the Olympic movement.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Earlier that year, Germany also held the Garmisch-Partenkirchen Winter Olympics, as well as the unofficial Chess Olympiad in Munich (Germany was not a member of FIDE at the time).


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Germany also supported the Mercedes-Benz and Auto Union car plants, which dominated its early Grand Prix races.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

For propaganda reasons, the persecution of Jews and other deserted groups was mitigated in the run-up to and during the Games.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The party's view of the Games, sport and body culture was summed up by the propagandistic documentary Olympia produced by Riefenstahl about the Olympics.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Public Health One of the cornerstones of National Socialist ideology was the promotion of public health.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The forms of action included anti-smoking campaigns, asbestos restrictions, occupational safety and safety regulations, and so on.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

[25] Hitler also ordered the design of several resorts for German labourers, the construction of the first of which, Prora, began on the island of Rügen on the Baltic Sea shore in 1936.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The project remained unfinished due to World War I.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Today, a museum is housed in the building designed for 20,000 guests.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Racial hygiene and genocides In history, the Third Reich remained, especially because of the genocide carried out before and during World War II.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

From January 1933 to May 1945, six million Jews were murdered and five thousand Jewish communities were exterminated.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Of those murdered, 1.5 million were children.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

These deaths accounted for two-thirds of the number of European Jews and one-third of the number of Jews worldwide.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

[26] Those belonging to various minority groups, for example homosexuals, Roma and Slavs, were also murdered.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Genocide is commonly referred to as the Holocaust.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The administration itself used the term “die endgültige Endlösung” (Final Solution) from 1941 onwards.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Racial Hygiene Program The mission of the National Socialist Racial Hygiene Programme was to purify the “Aryan” race from harmful individuals and keep it vibrant and clean.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Its base lies in eugenistic thought, which was at that time a viable field of medicine throughout the Western cultural sphere.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Initially, the program mostly encompassed forced sterilization of the mentally ill and mentally disabled, which was also practiced in other European countries and the United States at the same time (see eugenics).


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Even before World War II, the Nazis eliminated much of the disabled and mentally ill living in Germany.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

German families may have outsourced their own disabilities and mental illnesses to treatment in “nursing homes.”


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

After that, nothing was heard from those referred for treatment again.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

They were eliminated by annihilation.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

This made structural change for an even larger extermination operation, the methodical extermination of the Jews.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

[27] Following the start of the war, the Racial Hygiene Programme switched to an extensive killing of mental hospital patients in the autumn of 1939 under the name 'Operation T4'.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The goal of this so-called “euthanasia program” was not only to get rid of “unfit individuals” but also to reduce feeding costs and free up hospital resources for soldiers wounded in war.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The euthanasia program continued in secret right up to the end of the war.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

An estimated one million people were victims of the program.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Racial Laws In addition to racial hygiene, separate racial laws were enacted in Germany in 1935 to promote the purity of the Aryan race and to put adopted racial doctrines into practice.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

This meant, among other things, the deprivation of civil rights from a number of ethnic groups that were of lesser rank on the Nazi scale (above all Jews, Roma, blacks, especially Afro-Germans and Slavs).


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Interracial marriages were also banned.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Later, the different-race began to be systematically moved away from those close to the Aryan settlement.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Holocaust Jews were at the lowest point in Nazi racial thought, and ever since Hitler's presidency, the solution of the Jewish question was on the party's agenda.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

In general, Jews aroused envy and bitterness in Germans, as these were wealthier on average and often served in professions such as bankers and merchants, and as the economy weakened, they were subject to intense hostility.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Furthermore, the backstabbing theory was a common belief among popular soldiers, as well as right-wingers.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

In addition, Jews were suspected to have been involved in the Russian Revolution, as several of the leading figures in the revolution were of Jewish background.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Later, Hitler's main agenda was the eradication of Jews and communism, mainly Bolshevists from the whole world.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Racial laws devised by the National Socialist administration removed civil rights from German Jews in 1935 and prohibited mixed marriages.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Gradually, legislation was increasingly tightened, and the Nazis sought to exterminate the Jews altogether, initially from Germany and eventually from all the territories they had taken, as well as allied countries.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The first major concentration camps for Jewish prisoners arose during the Nazi expulsion of Jews from territories of Poland annexed to Germany.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The urban Jewish population was isolated in cramped ghettos plagued by hunger and disease, where residents had no opportunities to make a living.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

In the late 1930s, the possibility of relocating European Jews to the French, Italian or British colonies was explored among Poland, France, Britain and Germany.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The tone of the talks was so serious that Germany took it as a sign of anti-Semitic consensus.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

[28] For a long time, French Madagascar and British Palestine had long been proposed in various circles as places of expulsion of Jews.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

When Germany conquered France in 1940, for a short time the implementation of the Madagascar Plan seemed possible and preparations began to be made for its implementation.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

However, the issue was abandoned already in the same year, as the invasion of the Soviet Union began to be planned and the war with Britain dragged on.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Subsequently, the National Socialist administration began to consider the “final solution” of the Jewish question.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

[29] [30] The Final Solution After experimenting with organised mass murder under “Operation T4,” the administration decided at the Wannsee Conference in January 1942 on the “Final Solution of the Jewish Question”, which meant systematic genocide of the Holocaust.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Several extermination camps were set up in Germany and the territories it occupied, with the intention of killing the Jews confined there.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The first victims of the destruction were the incapacitated.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Able-bodied Jews were assigned to harsh forced labor, with many dying of disease and malnutrition.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

After various experiments, it was concluded as the most effective form of killing in gas chambers, where those ordered to be killed were gassed to death.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

In addition to Jews, Roma, homosexuals and Jehovah's Witnesses were also victims of systematic extermination.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

[31] Abolition of Nazi Germany The abolition of Nazi Germany was a consequence of its defeat in World War II.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The United States had joined the Allied side after the attack on Pearl Harbor and the Allied armed strength grew.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

The major German invasion of the Soviet Union, Operation Barbarossa, in which Nazi Germany sought to retake Moscow, turned from success to defeat and the Soviets went on a counter-offensive.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Following the Normandy landings, Nazi Germany drifted into a two-front war, meaning both the Eastern Front and Western Front were warred at the same time.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

United States and Soviet forces on the same side approached Berlin from different directions in what is known as a race to Berlin.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany steadily lost territories and factories as the Allies recaptured territories.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany ceased when Nazi Germany surrendered when it lost the Battle of Berlin to the end of the war.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

In 1944 there had been an assassination attempt on Hitler, which resulted in the execution of several knowledgeable Defence Force leaders, which in part had weakened Nazi Germany's defence forces.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany lost its leader when Hitler committed suicide in the last moments of Nazi Germany with the outcome of the war clear.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

After the end of the war, the victorious organized the Nuremberg War Crimes Trials, in which the National Socialists were tried and convicted.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Some of those convicted were executed.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Organizations of the German Reich in the National Socialist Period Wehrmacht () Heer (Army): Land Forces Kriegsmarine (War Fleet): Navy Luftwaffe (Air-Gun): Air Force Abwehr (Defense): Wehrmacht Intelligence Paramilitary Sturmabteilung lyh.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

SA (Assault Division): Schutzstaffel lyh.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

SS (Protective Force): Waffen-SS (gun-SS): The armed wing of the SS force Volkssturm (People's Assault): organisation of youth and overage Police RSHA Reichssicherheitshauptamt (Reich Main Security Agency): Central Agency for Security Organisations Ordnungspolizei ( order police): Schutzpolizei (protection police): Gendarmerie (gendarmes): Gemeindepolizei (municipal police): supervised the order of smaller localities Sicherheitspolizei (security police): Geheime Staatspolizei lyh.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Gestapo (secret state police): Reich Kriminalpolizei, Kripo (Reich Criminal Police): Sicherheitdienst, SD (Security Service): Political organizations of the National Socialist Workers' Party of Germany


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

NSDAP (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei) Youth Organizations Hitler-Jugend lyh.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

HJ (Hitler Youth): Boys' youth organisation Bund Deutscher Mädel lyh.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

BDM (German Girls' Federation): Girls' Youth Organization Working Organizations Deutsche Arbeitsfront (German Labour Front): Kraft durch Freude (strength for joy): holiday organization Organisation Todt lyh.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

OT (Todt organisation): building organisation Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Shirer, William L.| title = Rise and Destruction of the Third Reich I| others = Translated by Tapio Hiisivaara| number = Gleichschaltung: “identification with the kingdom” | publisher = Gummerus| year = 2004| page= 235—236}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Tiainen, Jorma O.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

& Ahola, Veikko, etc.| title = Chronicle of Our Century| number = Unitary State| publisher = Gummerus| year = 1987| page = 456}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lee, Stephen J.| title = Hitler and Nazi Germany| publisher = Routledge| year = 1998| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

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Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lemons, Everette O.| title = The Third Reich, A Revolution of Ideological Inhumanity, Volume 1 — Power of Perception| publisher = Lulu.com| year = 2005| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.| page = 378-384}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Steber, Martina & Gotto, Bernhard| title = Visions of Community in Nazi Germany: Social Engineering and Private Lives| publisher = Oxford University Press| year = 2014| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.| page = 172—174}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lepage, Jean-Denis G. G.| title = Hitler Youth, 1922—1945: An Illustrated History| publisher = McFarland| year = 2008| page=153—155}} Citation with error, replace {{cite book| author = Cook, Bernard A.| title= Women and War: A Historical Encyclopedia from Antiquity to the Present| publisher = ABC-CLIO| year= 2006| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.| page = 261}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Zalampas, Sherree Owens| title= Adolf Hitler: A Psychological Interpretation of His Views on Architecture, Art, and Music| publisher = Popular Press| year = 1990| language = Transclusion error : {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.| page = 68-71}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Overy, Richard| title = Russia's War| publisher = Penguin history| year = 1999| language = Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Petropoulos, Jonathan| title= Art as Politics in the Third Reich| publisher = UCN Press Brooks| year = 1999| language = Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.| page = 50—54}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kershaw, Ian| title = Hitler| others = Translated by Rekiaro, Ilkka| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 2010}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author Dersky, Joseph W.| title= A History of Nazi Germany: 1919—1945| publisher = Rowman & Littlefield| year = 2000| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Stephenson, Jill| title= Women in Nazi Germany| publisher = Routledge| year= 2014| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ailsby, Christopher| title = Third Reich: Hitler's Germany's most important events by day| others = Translated by Ahola, Veikko & Kuhlman, Irmeli & Luotio, Jorma| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gummerus| year = 2005| version = (The Third Reich, Day by Day, 2001.)}}


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Benz, Wolfgang| title = Holocaust| others = Translated by Tapani Hietaniemi| location = Tampere| publisher = Equipois| year = 2000| version = (Der Holocaust, 1995.)}}}


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Burleigh, Michael| title = Third Reich: New history| others = Translated by Grumpy, Seppo| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2004| version = (The Third Reich: A New History, 2000.)}}


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Friedrich, Jörg| title = Great Fire: Allied bombing of Germany 1940-1945| others = Translated by Lång, Markus| location = Helsing| publisher = Thought | year = 2005| version = (Der Brand: Deutschland im Bombenkrieg 1940—1945, 2002.)}}


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Goldensohn, Leon| title = Nuremberg Interviews| others = Translated by Tiilikainen, Heikki| location = Helsinki| publisher = Tambi| year = 2004| version = (The Nuremberg Interviews: Conversations with the Defenders and Witnesse, 2004.)


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Edited and introduction by Robert Gellately.}}


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jokisalo, Troop| title = Ideology of National Socialism| location = Kuopio| publisher = Snellman Institut| year = 1995}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Knopp, Guido| title = Hitler's children| location = Helsing| publisher = Gummerus: Thought | year = 2006| version = (Hitlers Kinder, 2000.)


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

English author = Nykyri, Ilona}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lower, Wendy| title = Hitler's Furies: German women in the fields of Nazi death | others = Translated by Sainio, Jukka| location = Jyväskylä| publisher = Atena| year = 2014| version = (Hitler's Furies: German Women in the Nazi Killing Fields, 2013.)}}


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Overy, Richard| title = The Dictators: Hitler's Germany and Stalin's Russia| publisher = Penguin Books| year = 2005| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.}


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Burleigh, Michael| title= Third Reich: New history| publisher = WSOY| year = 2004| pages=484, 601—605}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Snyder, Louis L.| title = Encyclopedia of the Third Reich| publisher = Wordsher Worth| year = 1998| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.| page = 219}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Shirer, William L.| title = Rise and Destruction of the Third Reich: History of National Socialist Germany 1| others = Translated by Hiisivaara, Tapio.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

4th edition (1st edition 1962—1963) | location = Jyväskylä Helsinki| publisher = Gummerus| year = 2004| version = (The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germa, 1960.)}}


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Shirer, William L.| title = Rise and Destruction of the Third Reich: History of National Socialist Germany 2| others = Translated by Hiisivaara, Tapio.


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany


Question: Why was Deutschlandlied chosen as Germany's national anthem?

Nazi Germany

* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What is Fiat Ritmo?

Fiat Ritmo

The Fiat Ritmo is a lower-middle class car model manufactured by Fiat between 1978 and 1988 that replaced the Fiat 128.


Question: What is Fiat Ritmo?

Fiat Ritmo

Spanish company SEAT manufactured Ritmo under licence from 1979 to 1982.


Question: What is Fiat Ritmo?

Fiat Ritmo

After Fiat's contract with SEAT expired, SEAT modified the car model to the extent necessary that it could call it its own model, and thus the SEAT Ronda was born.


Question: What is Fiat Ritmo?

Fiat Ritmo

In the UK, US and Canada, Ritmo was sold as the Fiat Strada.


Question: What is Fiat Ritmo?

Fiat Ritmo

The model was succeeded by Fiat Tipo.


Question: What is Fiat Ritmo?

Fiat Ritmo

The Fiat Ritmo, designed by Bertone, was presented at the 1978 Turin Motor Show.


Question: What is Fiat Ritmo?

Fiat Ritmo

The engines were initially 1.1- (60hp), 1.3- (65hp) and 1.5-litre (75hp).


Question: What is Fiat Ritmo?

Fiat Ritmo

The largest had a five-speed manual transmission as standard, in the others four-speed.


Question: What is Fiat Ritmo?

Fiat Ritmo

In addition, a three-tier automatic transmission originating from Volkswagen was available.


Question: What is Fiat Ritmo?

Fiat Ritmo

In 1979, a 1.0-litre engine also became available.


Question: What is Fiat Ritmo?

Fiat Ritmo

The following year, a 1.7-litre (55hp) diesel engine entered the market.


Question: What is Fiat Ritmo?

Fiat Ritmo

[1] left|miniature|Fiat Ritmo Abarth 125TC In 1981, redesigned 1.3- (75hp) and 1.5-liter (85hp) engines were introduced, as well as a sporty 105TC with a 1.6-liter 105-horsepower engine.


Question: What is Fiat Ritmo?

Fiat Ritmo

That autumn, the Abarth 125TC with a 2.0-litre (125hp) engine was presented at the Frankfurt Motor Show, along with an open model prototype.


Question: What is Fiat Ritmo?

Fiat Ritmo

Production of the open model commenced early the following year, but manufacturing volumes were low.


Question: What is Fiat Ritmo?

Fiat Ritmo

[1] Left|Thumble|Facelift model (1982) Fiat Ritmo.


Question: What is Fiat Ritmo?

Fiat Ritmo

In 1982, Ritmo underwent a facelift where it received a redesigned bow look with four headlights and a new Fiat logo.


Question: What is Fiat Ritmo?

Fiat Ritmo

The following year, the Abarth 130TC replaced the 125TC.


Question: What is Fiat Ritmo?

Fiat Ritmo

[1] Left|miniature|Fiat Ritmo Cabriolet Another facelift came in 1985, when several minor changes were made to the car, among them the door handles changed from round to angled.


Question: What is Fiat Ritmo?

Fiat Ritmo

The cylinder volume of the diesel engine decreased slightly, but the power increased to 60 horsepower.


Question: What is Fiat Ritmo?

Fiat Ritmo

The new Supercabrio model featured the same engine as the 105TC.


Question: What is Fiat Ritmo?

Fiat Ritmo

The normal open model was powered by a 1.3-litre (65hp) engine.


Question: What is Fiat Ritmo?

Fiat Ritmo

[1] The following year saw the introduction of a 1.9-litre (80hp) turbodiesel, available only as a five-door.


Question: What is Fiat Ritmo?

Fiat Ritmo

[1] Sources On the topic elsewhere in Ritmo class:C-segment cars class:1970s cars class:1980s cars


Question: How is the right to adoption defined in Finland?

Adoption

Adoption, or child sex, is a legal measure by which a new family relationship, is established between the adoptive parent or adoptive parent and the adoptee.


Question: How is the right to adoption defined in Finland?

Adoption

In adoption, the adoptee's legal relationship with the birth parents is dissolved.


Question: How is the right to adoption defined in Finland?

Adoption

Domestic adoptions have been irreversible, i.e., strong adoptions since 1980 and international adoptions since 1985.