Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

South Africa also has a large number of firearms smuggled into the country from nearby areas where there is an oversupply of weapons.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

Other factors contributing to crime include the country's young population and rapid urbanisation.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

[83] Economy South Africa is by far the most developed economy in the whole of Africa, which has also grown rapidly since 1994.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

The main industry sector of the country is mining and other key ones are manufacturing, gas and oil and chemical industries as well as agriculture and tourism.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

In recent years, the country's textile industry and banking and financial sectors have grown rapidly.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

Industry is particularly concentrated in the Gauteng region, where most of the country's mines are located.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

The country has strong fiscal and industrial infrastructure with significant growth potential.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

During apartheid, severe socio-economic inequality arose in the country, which continues to manifest itself in factors such as high unemployment, widespread poverty and crime.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

Unemployment has created a sizeable black economy in the country, which is a challenge to the country's economic development.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

[91] Although South Africa's economy is highly developed in many respects, the isolation during apartheid has left significant marks on it.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

[92] During Mandela's presidency, the country's government invested in opening up the South African economy.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

The ANC created a new economic policy programme GEAR () based on market-driven economic policies.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

[92] Since 1994, South Africa has sought to make itself attractive to foreign investment and it offers insentives for both foreign and domestic investment to all sectors of industry.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

[91] The country's economy is undergoing a major transformation, with companies integrating into the international economy and a significant increase in foreign investment.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

[92] In the past ten years, the South African rand (ZAR) has lost almost half of its value compared to major currencies, although efforts were made to maintain the value of money through high interest rates and inflation fell during that time.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

The depreciation of the currency has been suspected of the activity of international currency speculators, with some market analysts suggesting the currency is 15-20% undervalued.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

The low rand value has helped the country's tourism and mining industries.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

In 2005, credit rating agency Moody's Investors Service raised the country's rating to Baa1, citing the country's improving foreign exchange reserves and rapid economic growth.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

[93] In 2014, one euro received 14 rand and about 10 dollars.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

[94] South Africa's unemployment rate in 2013 is around 25%.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

[36] Social and unemployment protection are almost non-existent.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

[61] Agriculture Agriculture accounts for 4% of the country's GDP.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

The main agricultural area is livestock farming, and only 13% of the land area is in crop use.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

The main crops are corn, wheat, oats, sugarcane and sunflower.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

The country's government is working to develop small farming to create jobs.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

The main agricultural export products are citrus fruits, wine and flowers.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

[91] During apartheid, black land ownership was limited to only 13% of the land area.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

A major land reform has begun in the country because most of the farmland is still owned by whites.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

The average size of white-owned farms is 1300 hectares, compared to just 5.2 for black farms.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

[95] Until now, the reform has only been carried out with the help of willing sellers and buyers, but the authorities have indicated that extensive expropriations are also possible.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

Land reform aims to transfer 30% of farmland to black South Africans by 2014.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

[2] After the end of economic sanctions, exports of South African wine began to grow and in 2000 already 139 million litres of wine were exported from the country.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

The most popular white wine grapes are chenin blanc, colombard and chardonnay and red wine grapes cabernet sauvignon, pinotage and shiraz.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

The share of red wine is increasing, white wine previously made up 85%, in 2000 2/3 of production.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

[96] In 2005, the percentage of white was no longer 55%.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

[97] ICT South Africa invests heavily in ICT.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

In the great country, distances are long.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

In marginalized areas, the internet and mobile phone are important tools of commerce.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

In 2010, the mobile phone was used by 76% of the population, or about 28 million people.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

Internet users were estimated at 8.5 million at the end of 2011, with the ten million limit predicted to be broken within 2012.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

The state aims to have broadband access to the whole country by 2020.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

[98] South Africa aims to promote development through information and communication technologies, as it is also seen to improve equality.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

People in the peripheral region have access to the same information as city dwellers.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

Communication technology also promotes commerce and can therefore create new jobs as well.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

At the same time, freedom of opinion is growing, people are able to publish their own thoughts online and have access to diverse material.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

[99] Culture The culture of South Africa reflects the multi-ethnic and -cultural character of the country.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

The country's rapid urbanization and drive for the eradication of traditional cultures during apartheid has led to traditional life forms disappearing, even though the traditional cultures of blacks still remain strong in rural areas.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

Afrikaaner culture developed during the 19th century in self-isolation from the liberal and democratic ethical tendencies of the era.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

In rural areas, the Afrikaaner life form often still centers around conservative Reformed churches.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

After Afrikaaners, the vast majority of the country's white population is of British origin.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

Britons live predominantly in cities and still dominate the country's business community.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

[100] In the new South Africa that emerged after 1994, the creation of a new national character and culture is still underway.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

[100] Music in South Africa's musical tradition combines the native ingredients of the country with influences from outside.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

Influenced by 19th-century missionary work and American negrospirituals, the country also emerged with its own gospel tradition, which is still vibrant and is one of the most popular musical forms in the country.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

The choral tradition of spiritual music also blended African influences.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

The most famous representative of this style called isicathamiya is Ladysmith Black Mambazo, known in the West.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

[101] In the early 20th century, the urbanisation of black South Africans into mining centres on the Witwatersrand gave rise to new forms of music such as marabi and mbaqanga, whose influence can still be seen in the country's jazz music.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

The core area of Mbaqanga was notably the township of Sophiatown in Johannesburg.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

[101] Senzeni na Senzeni na senzeni na x 3 Senzeni na kulomhlaba?


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

Amabhulu azizinja.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

x 4 Kuyisono 'kubamnyama.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

x 3 Kuyisono kulelizwe.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

What have we done, what have we done?


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

x 3 What have we done in this country?


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

Boers are dogs.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

x 4 It is a sin to be black.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

x 3 It is a sin in this country.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

By the mid-1950s, progressive jazz musicians in Sophiatown had founded the Sophiatown Modern Jazz Club, making famous a new generation of jazz such as Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

Also emerging from the club circuit was the country's first bebop band, Jazz Epistles, whose members included Hugh Masekela.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

With his distinctive jazz style, an international career was also created by Abdullah Ibrahim (originally Dollar Brand), who combined Duke Ellington's rich orchestration with the avant-garde jazz trends of the 1960s.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

[101] During the struggle against apartheid, music emerged as one key element as blacks joined together to oppose the regime it considered unjust in the country.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

The importance of music to the anti-apartheid movement was so great that South African jazz musician Abdullah Ibrahim has called the country's revolution the only one “accomplished with four-tone harmony.”


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

[102] The most famous of the movement's songs is Senzeni Na (), likened to the song We Shall Overcome by South African musician Vusi Mahlasela of the US civil rights movement.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

[103] In the 1960s, rock and pop bands of white musicians also began to emerge in the country, performing for a white audience in a racially segregated country.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

Conservative circles in the country protested vigorously against the new form of music.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

In the late 1970s, the British-born punk movement arrived in South Africa and became popular, particularly in the poor white-populated suburbs of Johannesburg.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

The bands that emerged within the movement criticized the commercialism of the music industry and the white repressive regime in the country.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

South Africa's alternative rock emerged by the middle of the 1980s.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

In its context, the “alternative Afrikaaner” movement took shape, which opposed social oppression by the government.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

[101] During the 1980s and 90s, new musical genres bubblegum and kwaito emerged in black townships, taking influences from American disco and dance music.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

Kwaito is today the most commercially significant music style in the country, with a strong emphasis on rhythm and featuring features from hip-hop and rap music.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

[101] A group called Die Antwoord, which combines hip-hop and rave music, has also been formed in 2007.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

Literature The first South African works of fiction were written by white colonists who came to the country, whose attitudes towards the country's native population were often attitudinal.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

The most famous writer of this era is H. Rider Haggard, whose adventure works such as King Solomon's Mines and Allan Quartermain were sales successes of their time.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

Olive Schreiner's work, The Story of an African Farm, which dealt with many aspects of society of its era and where ideas already opposed to colonial ideology are noted as the foundational work of South African literature.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

[104] Black South African literature emerged in the early part of the 20th century.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

The first black writers were trained by mission schools and sought to restore the conscience of the country's black population by returning to heroic African history.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

In the 1940s, black South African literature burst into flower.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

Peter Abrahams's Mine Boy (1946), depicted the poor conditions of blacks who moved from land to cities.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

In 1948 Alan Paton published his work Itke, Beloved Country (), which elevated the status of blacks in the country to the consciousness of the whole world.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

The book became an international sales success.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

The work deals with themes of corruption and forgiveness, and is conveyed by Paton's deep Christian convictions.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

[104] In 1991 Nadine Gordimer, winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature, published her first short stories in the early 1950s.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

In Gordimer's works of fiction, the novelist's evolution from a liberal white towards more radical thinking and an effort to give the freedom struggle of the country's blacks a voice is discernible.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

During the 1960s, numerous new writers also emerged from the Afrikaaner literature circle, whose works often dealt with political topics.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

The 1973 book Kennis van die Aand by André Brink, who wrote in both English and Afrikaans, became the first book to be banned in South Africa written in Afrikaans due to its political and sexual content.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

[105] In the 1970s, the country's black literature rose to a new heyday in the wake of the Black Consciousness movement.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

Black consciousness emphasized the importance of black culture and racial olidarity.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

Literature became an important channel in promoting new political ideas.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

J. M. Coetzee, one of South Africa's most award-winning writers, published his first works in the 1970s.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

He is the first author to have received the Booker Prize two times: for his works The Life and Times of Michael K (1983) and Disgrace (1999).


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

Disgrace's depiction of a post-apartheid South African reality in which the wounds of the past have not healed caused a big stir in the country.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

Coetzee was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2003.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

[104] Messages South Africa has 22 daily and 25 weekly newspapers (2013), the vast majority of which are in English.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

Newspapers in large cities have a circulation of around 14.5 million and that of smaller local papers 5.5.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

There are also several news websites in the country.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

In 2013, Reporters Without Borders rated the country's press as the 52nd freest in the world (out of 179 countries).. [106] Television broadcasts did not begin in South Africa until 1975, making it one of the last African countries without regular television offerings.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

The reason for this was opposition from the country's government: the government feared television would weaken its grip on the country's messaging.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

Since its inception, South African television broadcasts have been broadcast in colour and using the PAL standard.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

South Africa's public service broadcaster, SABC, had a monopoly on television broadcasting until 1986, when the on-demand channel MNET was established.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

Since 1994, SABC and private operators have established numerous new channels in the country.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

Both SABC and MNet broadcast the programme Africa-wide.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

[107] Sports The most popular sports in South Africa are rugby, cricket and football.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

[108] During apartheid, all sporting life in the country was completely racially segregated and because of this, among others, the world-class cricketer Basil D'Oliviera was forced to move to England in the 1960s, with whose national team he forged a career.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

In 1968, when the England national team entered a country match in South Africa, D'Oliviera was blocked from entering the country by the country's government.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

[109] South African world champions can be found in swimming, athletics, surfboarding and boxing, among others.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

[109] South Africa has hosted Formula One races a total of 20 times between 1967 and 1993.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

The race has run under the name South African Grand Prix.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

The final formula-1 race in South Africa was won by Alain Prost.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

[110] The South African rugby union national team, or the Springboks, won the first Rugby World Cup in 1995 and in 2007 it renewed its gold at the World Cup held in France.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

The Springboks, which have been played by New Zealand, Australia and South Africa since 1996, have won the Tri Nations Cup in 1998 and 2004.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

[111] Among the most successful and well-known teams in the South African national football championship series are the Kaizer Chiefs, formed in 1970, from Soweto, and the Orlando Pirates, founded in 1937.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

The National Football Championship Series is the seventh largest championship series in the world as measured by sponsor money.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

[112] A distinctive feature of local football culture is the vuvuzela: a plastic, about one meter long and colourful wind instrument.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

[113] South Africa national football team, or Bafana Bafana ([114], is apartheid again active since the early 1990s.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

In 1996, it won the African Championships played on its own country and participated in the World Championships in 1998 as well as 2002.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

Both times it missed 1.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

for the round.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

[115] In 2010, South Africa served as the host team for the World Championships.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

[116] Five new stadiums were built for the tournament, three of which are match stadiums and two are practice fields.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

[117] Five other stadiums already ready underwent renovations [117].


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

Food South African cuisine embodies the country's multicultural background.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

Malay slaves brought to the country as labour by Dutch colonists on farms also brought their own food tradition to the country, as did the Huguenots who fled religious persecution from France, who established the first wineries in the country as early as 1600.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

Later in the 19th century, Indians brought especially to the sugar plantations of Natal enriched the country's food culture with their own heritage, as did the British and Germans who immigrated after gold.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

[118] National holidays under South African law in cases where a national holiday falls on a Sunday, the following Monday is a public holiday.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

[119] DateCelebrationNotes1.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

JanuaryNew Year's Day21.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

MarchHuman Rights Daysharpeville Massacre Anniversary, Anniversary of the establishment of the South African Human Rights Commission Moving, Friday Good Friday Movement, Monday Family Day, 2nd Easter Day27.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

April—Freedom Dayetelä-Africa's first free elections1.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

MayWorkers Day16.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

JuneYouth DayEarlier “Soweto day”, the day of remembrance of the Soweto riots9.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

AugustNational Women's DayThe Day of Remembrance of major demonstrations that opposed the 1956 passport laws24.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

SeptemberHeritage DayNational Traditions Day16.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

DecemberDay of Reconciliationanniversary of the Battle of Blood River.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

The Time of Apartheid “Day of the Oath”, today the Day of National Commonness and Reconciliation.25.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

DecemberChristmas Day26.


Question: How much control does the host country have over the colony?

South Africa

DecemberDay of Goodwill, 2nd Christmas Day See also List of cities in South Africa Sources On topic elsewhere Government official government site Foreign Office site Parliament site Statistics Agency site Commerce and Commerce Department of Industry Site South African Police Force Department of Home Affairs Site Media Tourism Other Coordinates: * Category:Key articles of screening Category:43 Africa Category:BRICS


Question: Who designed the Vanaja Church?

Hämeenlinna Church

Hämeenlinna Church is the main church of the Evangelical Lutheran parish of Hämeenlinna-Vanaja.


Question: Who designed the Vanaja Church?

Hämeenlinna Church

The church is located in the centre of Hämeenlinna on the eastern edge of the square.


Question: Who designed the Vanaja Church?

Hämeenlinna Church

The church has seating for 800 people and a chapel in the church tower for 25 people.


Question: Who designed the Vanaja Church?

Hämeenlinna Church

The brick, white-plastered church building was completed in 1798 and expanded with a bell tower in 1837 as well as wing sections in 1892.


Question: Who designed the Vanaja Church?

Hämeenlinna Church

The church is one of the purest representatives of the style of Gustavian classicism in Finland.


Question: Who designed the Vanaja Church?

Hämeenlinna Church

[1] History Since the founding of Hämeenlinna in 1639, the town church had been located north of Häme Castle in the Old Town area.


Question: Who designed the Vanaja Church?

Hämeenlinna Church

When in 1775, during a visit to Hämeenlinna, King Gustav III of Sweden decided to transfer the city to its present site in Saaristenmäki, the painter Louis Jean Desprez was ordered to draw a new representative church building.


Question: Who designed the Vanaja Church?

Hämeenlinna Church

Desprez designed the building in 1789 and was built in 1792—1798.


Question: Who designed the Vanaja Church?

Hämeenlinna Church

[2] The church, representing Gustavian classicism, was a circular structure covered by a dome, designed to resemble the Roman Pantheon admired by King Gustav III.


Question: Who designed the Vanaja Church?

Hämeenlinna Church

The circular frame room was separated by the saccharisto to the east and the entrance hall facing the market square with Doorish columned gables to the west.


Question: Who designed the Vanaja Church?

Hämeenlinna Church

The interior was designed to be amphitheatre-like, with the altar located in the centre and the rows of pews rising as eight arched blocks gently towards the outer walls.


Question: Who designed the Vanaja Church?

Hämeenlinna Church

The pulpit was positioned above the sacristy door.


Question: Who designed the Vanaja Church?

Hämeenlinna Church

[1] Over time, the layout of the church has undergone a number of changes.


Question: Who designed the Vanaja Church?

Hämeenlinna Church

After the destruction of a separate wooden belfry in the town fire of 1831, a bell tower was built in connection with the Sacristy in 1837 according to plans of the intendent's office.


Question: Who designed the Vanaja Church?

Hämeenlinna Church

In 1892, repairs carried out under Josef Stenbäck eradicated the peculiar character of the church, as cross markers were built in the church and the order of the interior was changed to match the traditional cross church.


Question: Who designed the Vanaja Church?

Hämeenlinna Church

The next repair, designed by Ilmari Launis in 1912, added to the decorativeness of the church in the form of wall and stained glass windows.


Question: Who designed the Vanaja Church?

Hämeenlinna Church

[1] In a renovation carried out in 1964, architect Aarno Ruusuvuori pursued the original, reduced spirit of the church, removing almost all the decorations added later.


Question: Who designed the Vanaja Church?

Hämeenlinna Church

However, the seating order of the church hall was left unchanged and was not restored to an amphitheatre form.


Question: Who designed the Vanaja Church?

Hämeenlinna Church

On the same occasion, the church received a new organ built by the Kangasala Organ Factory, which was renovated by the builder in 1978.


Question: Who designed the Vanaja Church?

Hämeenlinna Church

The church's current Ladegast style organ, made by German organ builder Georges Heintz, date from 2003.


Question: Who designed the Vanaja Church?

Hämeenlinna Church

The sound multiplies in them number 36, and are spread over three fingers and one foot.


Question: Who designed the Vanaja Church?

Hämeenlinna Church

The organ represents the style of late Baroque and Early Romanticism in style.


Question: Who designed the Vanaja Church?

Hämeenlinna Church

[1] The church altarpiece was painted by Alexandra Frosterus-Sålt and is titled Appearance of the Savior to Mary Magdalene on Easter morning.


Question: Who designed the Vanaja Church?

Hämeenlinna Church

[1] Activities The church regularly hosts services, baptisms, confirmations, weddings and various concerts.


Question: Who designed the Vanaja Church?

Hämeenlinna Church

In addition, the church is open during the day for silencing and exploration.


Question: Who designed the Vanaja Church?

Hämeenlinna Church

Environment Hämeenlinna Church is located in the Saaristenmäki district of Kirkkopuisto, which borders Kirkkorintee, Raatiroomeenkatu, Linnankatu and Hallantakatu.


Question: Who designed the Vanaja Church?

Hämeenlinna Church

Memorials to victims of the Civil War and World War II are located in the church park.


Question: Who designed the Vanaja Church?

Hämeenlinna Church

On the other side of Linnankatu is Toripuisto, through which a park corridor runs from the Market Square to the church.


Question: Who designed the Vanaja Church?

Hämeenlinna Church

The park's pavilions, designed by Armas Lindgren in 1910, have been influenced by their architecture from the adjacent church.


Question: Who designed the Vanaja Church?

Hämeenlinna Church

Hämeenlinna Church, along with the rest of the Market Square environment, is classified as a built cultural environment of national importance.


Question: Who designed the Vanaja Church?

Hämeenlinna Church

[3] Other churches in the parish Hämeenlinna-Vanaja Parish has at its disposal the medieval Vanaja greystone church, the medieval Rengo stone church and the Hätilä church built in 1956.


Question: Who designed the Vanaja Church?

Hämeenlinna Church

In addition, there are two chapels and four parish houses.


Question: Who designed the Vanaja Church?

Hämeenlinna Church

The present church in Hämeenlinna has been preceded by two simple wooden churches in the old town of Hämeenlinna, on the present site of Linna Barracks.


Question: Who designed the Vanaja Church?

Hämeenlinna Church

After the founding of the town in 1639, services were initially celebrated in the Kukkotower church hall of Häme Castle.


Question: Who designed the Vanaja Church?

Hämeenlinna Church

After the castle was badly destroyed by fire in 1659, efforts were made on the northern tip of Linnanniemi to build the first church of the town, probably completed in 1666.


Question: Who designed the Vanaja Church?

Hämeenlinna Church

However, the site chosen for the church turned out to be very poor due to the waterlogged soil.


Question: Who designed the Vanaja Church?

Hämeenlinna Church

After the Great Hatred, the church had already fallen into the ground and in such decay that it was necessary to build a new one.


Question: Who designed the Vanaja Church?

Hämeenlinna Church

A new church, slightly larger than the previous one, was completed by 1739 near the old one, a little higher and drier than the previous one.


Question: Who designed the Vanaja Church?

Hämeenlinna Church

This cross church remained in use even after the transfer of the town (1778) until the completion of the present church.


Question: Who designed the Vanaja Church?

Hämeenlinna Church

[2] There is a monument near the site of the old churches.


Question: Who designed the Vanaja Church?

Hämeenlinna Church

Sources on the topic elsewhere Category:Finnish stone churches Category:Hämeenlinna church buildings Category:Saaristenmäki Category:Finnish keeper churches Category:Neoclassical architecture


Question: What does deep skies mean in dilettante astronomy?

Deep skies

Deep skies () is a term used in dilettante astronomy to refer to the part of space outside the Solar System and the objects there.


Question: What does deep skies mean in dilettante astronomy?

Deep skies

[1] Deep sky objects include almost all observable objects in more distant space except individual stars and variable stars.


Question: What does deep skies mean in dilettante astronomy?

Deep skies

There are differences of vision regarding the belonging of double and multiple stars to deep sky objects.


Question: What does deep skies mean in dilettante astronomy?

Deep skies

Typical destinations in the deep sky include various star clusters and nebulae, as well as galaxies.


Question: What does deep skies mean in dilettante astronomy?

Deep skies

Many objects in the deep sky can be considered so-called. as “surface objects”, that is, they have an observable surface, unlike stars, which even with large telescopes appear pointwise.


Question: What does deep skies mean in dilettante astronomy?

Deep skies

[2] Deep sky objects Galaxies Spiral galaxies (including the Milky Way) Elliptical galaxies Lenticular galaxies Irregular galaxies Active galaxies Gas nebulae Planetary nebulae Reflection nebulae Dark nebulae Emission nebulae Star clusters and star groupings Open star clusters Spherical star clusters Asterisms Stars Double and multiple stars Deep sky detection Since deep sky objects are usually quite distant and dim, a binocular or telescope is needed to be an auxiliary tool for the eye to collect photons of light.


Question: What does deep skies mean in dilettante astronomy?

Deep skies

However, many objects in the deep sky are noticeable already with the naked eye.


Question: What does deep skies mean in dilettante astronomy?

Deep skies

Not everyone is content to just watch and marvel at targets, but draw and photograph them with cameras and CCD cells, enabling scientifically accurate observations.


Question: What does deep skies mean in dilettante astronomy?

Deep skies

For example, many of the supernovae of recent times are discovered by hobbyists.


Question: What does deep skies mean in dilettante astronomy?

Deep skies

Lists Of Deep Sky Items There are several lists in common use where each item has received its own emblem.


Question: What does deep skies mean in dilettante astronomy?

Deep skies

The 110 items on Messier's catalog are all within reach of the average enthusiast.


Question: What does deep skies mean in dilettante astronomy?

Deep skies

The NGC (New General Catalogue) contains over 7000 deep sky objects numbered according to rectascension and approximately 5000 items in its supplementary catalogue IC (Index Catalogue).


Question: What does deep skies mean in dilettante astronomy?

Deep skies

History The deep sky has been observed from tooth since antiquity.


Question: What does deep skies mean in dilettante astronomy?

Deep skies

Numerous sites were known as early as antiquity, but their true nature began to be understood only in the 17th and 18th centuries with the development of telescopes.


Question: What does deep skies mean in dilettante astronomy?

Deep skies

The first deep sky observations with the telescope were made by Galileo Galilei, who observed clusters of stars, among other things, and noticed the Milky Way was composed of numerous stars.


Question: What does deep skies mean in dilettante astronomy?

Deep skies

In the 18th century, Charles Messier made the first list of deep sky objects, which included 109 items.


Question: What does deep skies mean in dilettante astronomy?

Deep skies

The list is known today as the Messier's List, and most of its objects are relatively easy and bright, and are easily visible even with a small telescope.


Question: What does deep skies mean in dilettante astronomy?

Deep skies

Subjects after Messier were studied and catalogued by William Herschel and his son John Herschel, among others.


Question: What does deep skies mean in dilettante astronomy?

Deep skies

In the 19th century, William Parsons, Earl of Rosse, observed, with the largest telescope of his time, among other things, the “vortex galaxy” in the constellation of Hound Dogs and was the first to observe the helical structure of the galaxy.


Question: What does deep skies mean in dilettante astronomy?

Deep skies

Famous Deep Sky Observers Before and Now Charles Messier William Herschel John Herschel Lord Rosse Stephen O'Meara Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Heikkilä, Risto| title = Deep sky | location = Helsinki| publisher = Astronomical association Ursa| year = 1996| version = Ursa publications 57| id = ISBN 951-9269-80-0}} References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Henriksson, Riku & Mäkelä, Veikko| title = Messier items| location = Helsinki| publisher = Astronomical Association Ursa| year = 2005| version = The maps are drawn by Veikko Mäkelä.


Question: What does deep skies mean in dilettante astronomy?

Deep skies

Ursa Publications 73.


Question: What does deep skies mean in dilettante astronomy?

Deep skies

- 2. corrected edition| id = ISBN 952-5329-42-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = O'Meara| title = The Caldwell objects| publisher = Sky publishing| year = 2002| id = ISBN 0-933346-97-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = O'Meara| author = O'Meara| | title = Hidden Treasures| publisher = Cambridge university press| year = 2007| id = ISBN 978-0-521-83704-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = O'Meara| title = Herschel 400| publisher = Cambridge university press| year = 2007| id = ISBN 978-0-521-85893-9}} Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What does deep skies mean in dilettante astronomy?

Deep skies

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What does deep skies mean in dilettante astronomy?

Deep skies

Category:Astronomy Category:Astronomy hobby


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

Soviet Union (abbreviation NL [1];), officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (; abbreviation SNTL [1], ven.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

СССР [1], SSSR [1]) was a socialist state dominated by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union that existed from 1922 to 1991.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

The predecessor of the Soviet Union was Soviet Russia, born of the October Revolution.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

The Soviet Union was one of the winning states of World War II.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

During the Cold War, the Soviet Union was the world's second superpower and had the second largest gross domestic product in the world.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

In 1991, the Soviet Union was the largest country in the world by area (22.4 million square kilometers) and the third largest in terms of population (almost 300 million inhabitants).


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

The capital of the Soviet Union was Moscow.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

The Soviet Union consisted of Soviet republics, the number of which varied.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

In the late days of the Soviet Union there were fifteen.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

The Baltic states became independent in August 1991, and the remaining 12 Soviet republics agreed among themselves to abolish the Soviet Union on 8 December 1991.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev announced his resignation from office on 25 December 1991, as the state he led no longer existed.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

Eleven former Soviet republics formed a regional organization, the Commonwealth of Independent States, after the dissolution.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

The international law successor state of the Soviet Union became the largest state to exist as a Soviet republic, Russia.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

The Soviet Union was a permanent member of the UN Security Council.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

In addition to the Soviet Union, the Soviet republics of Ukraine and Belarus also belonged to the United Nations.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

[2] The name Soviet Union dates back to the tradition of workers' councils () in the Russian Empire, through which Bolsheviks and the socialist movement as a whole in Russia organise their decision-making in an inclusive manner.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

The name of the councils survived as the name of the local governments, regions, councils of republics and parliaments of the Soviet Union, such that the country's parliament became the Supreme Council in the 1936 Constitution.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

History Early stages Social unrest, saturation with authoritarian emperor rule, combat fatigue caused by World War I and the long-simmering need for change finally led to the 1917 implosion of Imperial Russia and the February Revolution.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

The interim government led by the Duma soon fell when the Bolshevit Party assumed a dominant position under its leader Vladimir Ilyich Lenin in the October Revolution.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

In connection with the October Revolution, a civil war broke out in Russia between reds and whites.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

Both further sought to keep Russia united and fought against the nationalists of the former parts of the Russian Empire seeking independence.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

On the same occasion, a number of small states broke away from Russia, including Finland and Poland.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

The Reds won the civil war, after which conditions calmed down so much that it was possible, under the leadership of Soviet-Russia, to establish a Union of Soviet Socialist Republics by the 1922 Constitution.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

[3] On 30 December 1922, Russia and the Soviet republics of Ukraine, Belarus and Transcaucasia, which had separated from it after the revolution, merged into the Soviet Union, becoming the first socialist state in the world to seek communism.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

In the same year, the Armoured Ship Potemkin, a Soviet national film directed by Lenin's court director Sergei Eisenstein, was also completed.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

Film played a major role in a country where illiteracy was widespread.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

After Civil War-era communism, the government began to allow private enterprising alongside nationalised industry.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

The seizure of hundreds in rural areas was replaced by a tax.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

However, the underdevelopment of industrial production led to severe inflation and market speculation, resulting in a shortage of food in cities.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

In its early days, the Soviet Union was considerably weaker than the Empire militarily and sought to avoid conflict.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

Military and economic growth of the Soviet Union began in the 1930s under Stalin's regime.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

[4] Stalin's period After Lenin's death in January 1924, the troika Stalin, Kamenev and Zinoviev rose to power.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

There was a power struggle within the party between Lev Trotsky of the left, Nikolai Buharin of the right and Josif Stalin of the centre.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

Trotsky's left-opposition stance aimed, in accordance with the principle of continuous revolution, that the revolution would spread uninterrupted to other countries.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

In practice, the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic had lost the opportunity for a series of revolutions in central Eastern Europe and Central Europe after the failure of the Spartacist rebellion in Germany of 1919 and when the Poles had repelled the invasion of Warsaw and obtained the Second Peace of Riga, which guaranteed Poland as an independent bourgeois republic.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

Stalin was more prepared to proceed according to Buharin's “Socialism in One Country” principle, which meant, from the position of broad-based world revolutionism, an intensive development of the Russian economy.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

[5] This effectively included the modernization of the land, the main points of which were the industrialization program and the collectivization of agriculture into sovhoes and colkhoses to finance it.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

Through Lenin's NEP program, the prosperous peasant class, the kulaks, resisted collectivization and were allowed to experience the retaliatory measures of the state: forced relocation to Asia, expropriations and executions.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

In economic life, market forces were replaced by centralist five-year planning for the national economy.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

Stalin also developed military might.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

Already in the 1930s, the Soviet Union became one of the most militarily powerful countries in the world.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

[6] Stalin intensified Soviet totalitarianism by strengthening the state police (Czeka and NKVD).


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

He also carried out extensive purges in the 1930s known as Stalin's persecutions, in which, for example, almost the entire former leadership was deposed and executed.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

Even tens of millions of people were sent to prison camps (GULAG), liquidated, or they simply disappeared.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

Despite this, the Soviet Union developed in the years before the war into a powerful industrial power.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

[7] Europe was generally prepared for war in the 1930s, despite the opposing efforts of the League of Nations, which was considered weak.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

Maksim Litvinov, the People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs of the USSR in the League of Nations, opposed the efforts of Italy, Japan and Germany, at the same time trying to balance the growth of German power in Europe with a federal policy, primarily with France, which, because of the Popular Front policy, was political prerequisites.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

Another way for the Soviet Union to try to resist Italy and Germany was to participate in the Spanish Civil War, in which the Comintern, a collaborative organization of world communist parties supporting Soviet foreign policy, was involved.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

As the entente cordiale did not work effectively enough for the Soviet Union against Germany, the Soviets finally decided to acquire time to equip themselves for war against Germany by allying with the latter in August 1939.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

The alliance was the result of British-Franco-Soviet military negotiations in which the Western powers did not pledge a significant number of divisions for the fight against Germany should war break out.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

World War II Time Shortly before the start of World War II, on August 23, 1939, the Soviet Union unexpectedly entered into a non-aggression pact with Nazi Germany led by Adolf Hitler.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

It later emerged that the agreement was also accompanied by a secret additional protocol on the division of interests between countries in Eastern Europe and the Baltic Sea region.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

According to it, the Soviet sphere of interest included Finland and the Baltic states, among others.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

In early September of the same year, Germany and the Soviet Union started a war against Poland.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

Germany quickly occupied the country except for its eastern part, which was conquered by the Soviet Union.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

At the end of November, the Soviets invaded Finland and began the Winter War in an effort to conquer Finland in accordance with the division of interests.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

To start the war, the Soviets staged the so-called. Mainila's shots to justify the attack to win it international approval.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

The invasion of Finland was not successful, but the Soviet Union was able to annex territories belonging to Finland in Karelia.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

In the summer of 1940, the Soviet Union occupied and annexed the Baltic States, and in the same year Bessarabia, which had belonged to Romania, was annexed.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

The Soviet Union planned a new war against Finland, but Hitler, despite Molotov's pleas, was no longer willing to do so.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

However, the Soviets continued to plan the war effort and the positioning of troops in anticipation of a new offensive.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

In 1941, Germany went to war against the Soviet Union.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

In the early stages, the Soviet Union was forced to retreat against a materially superior Germany, suffering huge male losses in Belarus, among others.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

The Western Allies, mainly the United States, substantially supported the Soviet war effort by supplying it with war material.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

The Germans remaining in the mot at Stalingrad in February 1943 decisively changed the course of the war.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

During the war years, the Soviet Union developed militarily into one of the strongest states in the world.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

In 1945, World War II ended with German defeat and Allied victory.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

[8] The Eastern Front is referred to as the war effort that took place during World War II, mainly in Eastern Europe.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

The designation is used in parallel with the Western Front, which was located in Western Europe.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

On the Eastern Front, facing each other were Germany with its allies and the Soviet Union between June 1941 and May 1945.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

Events on the Eastern Front had many consequences: the Soviet Union emerged as an industrial and military superpower for nearly 50 years; Germany was divided into British, Soviet, French and US occupation zones, and later the Federal Republic of Germany; and the German Democratic to the Republic, and Berlin was continuously occupied.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

Many Eastern and Central European countries were also occupied, effectively becoming Soviet-controlled popular democracies.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

In addition, Polish state territory moved 200 km westward to previously German-held territories.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

World War II also led to a continued U.S. military presence in Western and Central Europe to counter the Soviet threat.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

[9] During World War II, the Soviet Union also waged war against Finland, declaring war on Japan in the very final stages of World War II.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

In the Paris Peace Treaty, the Soviet Union received territories from Romania, Czechoslovakia, Poland and Finland.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

The Soviet Union was also left with the Baltic states annexed to it as early as 1940 and, after the war, part of East Prussia, which had belonged to Germany, the Kaliningrad region and the South Sakhalin and Kuril, which had belonged to Japan, were annexed.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

Besides, the Soviet Union annexed most of eastern central Europe into its circle of interest.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

The losing Germany of the war was divided into four occupation zones, one belonging to the Soviet Union, the others to the Western Allies.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

The original plan to govern Germany jointly was scrapped in 1946—1947 as the intervals between East and West became tighter.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

[10] With Japan, the Soviet Union never concluded a peace treaty, and the dispute over ownership of the Kuril Islands continues even today between Russia and Japan.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

[9] Cold War Stalin died in 1953, and after him in the Soviet leadership came Nikita Khrushchev.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

A period of de-escalation in domestic politics followed, and many of those convicted of betrayal under Stalin received a reputational restoration.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

Khrushchev, however, was criticised especially for the inefficiency of the financial leadership, and the management troika Leonid Brezhnev, Nikolai Podgornyi and Alexei Kosygin took over.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

As a longtime foreign minister, Andrei Gromyko was influenced.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

The Cold War also contrasted two ideological worlds.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

The West saw the states of the East as undemocratic, authoritarian communist dictatorships, and the East respectively, the states of the West as bourgeois imperialists and disenfranchisers.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

In both cases, the propaganda of the state apparatus influenced public opinion and made ideologies — communism and capitalism — powerfully negative and emotional; at the same time, links with actual political and economic theories were severed.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

[11] After World War II, the Soviet Union and the United States struggled for hegemony during the Cold War.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

The battle was fought through several so-called proxy wars, that is, entities allied with different parties waged war with each other in their respective territories, with the Soviet Union and the US supporting their own camp.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

However, no direct war was ever fought, apparently due to the bulky nuclear reserves of both.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

[12] The atmosphere of the Cold War led to numerous conflicts, some of which were armed.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

Proxy wars were fought in Vietnam, Angola, Korea and Afghanistan, among others.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

These wars were not directly opposed by the great powers, but often the forces of one superpower and a state on the side of the other bloc.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

[11] In Latin America, the United States undermined, either secretly or publicly, governments it considered too leftist (Chile and Allende, Guatemala and Arbenz, for example).


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

A form of proxy war was waged against the Sandinist government in Nicaragua with the help of mercenaries.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

Direct warfare against Cuba was abandoned after the Bay of Pigs fiasco.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

Many smaller Caribbean island nations were also occupied from time to time.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

[11] Eastern European countries, meanwhile, were under strict Soviet surveillance policies.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

Any uprisings or deviations from the Kremlin line were quickly suppressed.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

The most famous repressions were the overthrow of the Hungarian uprising and the occupation of Czechoslovakia that ended the Prague Spring.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

[13] During the Cold War, both superpowers sought to incorporate new states into their spheres of interest.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

However, the most central topic of US-Soviet rivalry was military power, and nuclear weapons in particular emerged as central.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

They were closely associated with the development of nuclear energy to produce nuclear weapons material and advances in military rocket technology, so-called nuclear missiles.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Soviet

From the 1950s until the end of the Cold War, there was a balance of terror between the two superpowers, with each side capable of inflicting such devastation on the other side if necessary that nuclear aggression would have been practically suicidal.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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Thus, nuclear weapons were considered to have secured a long, but freezing period of peace.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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[14] End of the Soviet Union Elderly party leaders Brezhnev, Yuri Andropov and Konstantin Chernenko perished in the early 1980s one after another.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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Eventually, in March 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev became General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the most prominent position of the Soviet Union, as the country was effectively run by the Politburo, the political commission of the party.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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Gorbachev initiated a policy of reform that became known under the names “perestroika” (″rebuilding”), “glasnost” (″openness”) and “uskorenije” (″accelerating”).


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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The political climate was freed up and the rigorous economic planning under Brezhnev was relaxed.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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But instead of improving the system, the reforms only added to its instability.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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As censorship loosened, the media quickly dug up national and economic problems that had been covered up for a long time.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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Silenced issues such as poor housing conditions, food shortages, alcoholism, widespread pollution and steadily rising mortality rates received greater attention all the time.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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Atrocities during Stalin's regime also became public.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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Old and reformist circles clashed drastically, and Gorbachev, who balanced between extremes, ran into trouble trying to control the process he initiated himself.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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[15] In 1988, Gorbachev declared that the Soviet Union would reject the so-called Brezhnev Doctrine and allow democratic reforms in Eastern Europe.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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The intention was to strengthen the Soviet Union, which had begun menacingly from its Nazi unions, but the state could not withstand the reforms.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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This led, starting in 1989, to a whole series of power changes in Europe.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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The revolutions were mostly peaceful with the exception of Romania.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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They led to the collapse of communism's dominance in Europe.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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The Cold War between the U.S. and the Soviet Union ended.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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Within the Soviet Union, however, Gorbachev's regime had come under great suspicion and criticism from the Soviet leadership, especially among the old ones.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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However, Boris Yeltsin, a Democrat who won parliamentary elections in 1989 in Russia, was the most famous critic of Gorbachev, who opposed the old people in particular.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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In March 1991, the first and last referendum in the country's history was held in the Soviet Union.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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On December 24, 1990, following a proposal by the delegates of the Soviet People's Congress, Soviet citizens were asked if they wanted to maintain the Soviet Union as a reformed federation of independent republics that would guarantee people of all nationalities the same rights and freedoms.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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In the March referendum, 113512812, or 77.85% of the electorate, voted for the reformed Federation of Soviet Socialist Republics.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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However, the result of the referendum was buried in other problems, and mainly in infighting between Gorbachev and Yeltsin, which intensified as the spring wore on.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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The Old Ones persuaded Gorbachev to their side at the end of 1990, but failed to defeat the Baltic rebellions in the bloody clashes of January 1991 in which dozens were killed.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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In August 1991, a group of hardline communists under Vice President Gennady Janayev attempted to pull off a coup.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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They wanted to prevent further dispersing and destabilizing changes in the Soviet Union.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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During the coup, Gorbachev was imprisoned for three days in the Crimean peninsula in his state holiday home.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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However, the hijacking boiled down to size as Boris Yeltsin gathered citizens and soldiers on his side to oppose the coup.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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The Emergency Committee, which took power, represented the supreme legal authority: in addition to the vice president, the Prime Minister, the Minister of Defense, the Minister of Internal Affairs, the Chairman of the KGB, the Vice-President of the Defence Council and the Chief of the Presidential Office were members of the Emergency Committee.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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Gorbachev regained his nominal position as President of the Soviet Union, but he found that public opinion and the power apparatus had shifted fully to support Yeltsin.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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The Baltic states declared independence.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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Ukraine also voted for independence in December, despite having previously agreed to remain in the Soviet Union.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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On December 8, the leaders of Belarus, Ukraine and Russia met, established the CIS, and denied the existence of the Soviet Union.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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In the end, Gorbachev had to bend to this decision, and he resigned on 25 December 1991.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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The next day, the Soviet Union ceased to exist.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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[16] After the Soviet Union, the Russian Federation inherited the status of the Soviet Union, but economically and politically weakened.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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In 2009, the majority of Russians thought the dissolution of the Soviet Union was an accident.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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16% of Russians supported the restoration of the Soviet Union in its original form.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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[17] Among the parties, the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, founded on the ruins of the NKP, has pushed for the re-establishment of the Soviet Union and the councils on a voluntary basis.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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[18] Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the status of socialism as the official cause of the states has diminished globally.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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In 1990, the German Democratic Republic was annexed into the Federal Republic of Germany.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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Yugoslavia broke up in 1991.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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Today, the most prominent state in the world calling itself socialist is the People's Republic of China.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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Other well-known states calling themselves socialist include Cuba and Vietnam.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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[19] Governance and Politics The Supreme Command of the Soviet Union was a socialist federal state in which supreme power lay with the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (NKP).


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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[20] The one-party system was justified by three main arguments: Historical reasons, namely the Bolsheviks being left without allies in the Russian Civil War, and the absence of opposing social classes — means of production and land assets nationalised — and high turnout.


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During the reign of Mikhail Gorbachev in the late 1980s, the country began to move towards a multi-party system, the likes of which, however, were never created.


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Since the time of Stalin, the supreme power of the Soviet Union rested with the head of the NKP, that is, the Secretary-General of the Central Committee, commonly referred to as Leader of the Soviet Union.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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[21] However, Lenin is generally regarded as the first leader of the Soviet Union, although he was not General Secretary of the Communist Party, but served as President of the Council of People's Commissars, i.e., effectively Prime Minister from 1917 to 1922.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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The Soviet Union also had an official head of state whose powers were lower than those of the Secretary-General of the NKP Central Committee.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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The President of the Executive Central Committee of the Congress of the Soviet Union, since 1938 the President of the Bureau of the Supreme Soviet was appointed Head of State.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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[21] The actual office of president was not introduced in the Soviet Union until May 1989, when the posts of Soviet leader and head of state were merged into a unified presidential post.


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From 1977 onwards Leonid Brežnev served as both General Secretary and Head of State of the Communist Party, as did after him Yuri Andropov and Konstantin Chernenko and, since 1988, Mikhail Gorbachev.


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Soviet leaders 1917—1922 — Vladimir Ilyich Lenin 1922—1953 — Josif Stalin 1953—1955 — Georgi Malenkov 1955—1964 — Nikita Khrushchev 1964—1982 — Leonid Brezhnev 1982—1984 — Yuri Andropov 1984—1985 — Konstantin Chernenko 1985—1991 — Mikhail Gorbachev of the Soviet Union heads of state 1917 — Lev Kamenev 1917—1919 — Yakov Sverdlov 1919—1946 — Mikhail Kalinin 1946—1953 — Nikolai Švernik 1953—1960 — Kliment Vorošilov 1960—1964 — Leonid Brezhnev 1964—1965 — Anastas Mikojan 1965—1977 — Nikolai Podgornyi 1977—1982 — Leonid Brezhnev 1985—1977 2—1983 — Vasily Kuznetsov 1983—1984 — Yuri Andropov 1984 — Vasily Kuznetsov 1984—1985 — Konstantin Chernenko 1985 — Vasily Kuznetsov 1985—1988 — Andrei Gromyko 1988—1991 — Mikhail Gorbachev Government and People's Representative Council of the Soviet Government headed by the Council of Ministers chairman, who was elected by an internal party vote.


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Over the course of Soviet history, prime ministers changed frequently and did not have significant political power.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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According to the constitution, it was up to the Council of Ministers and its chairman to implement the decisions of the party.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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[22] In practice, the Parliament of the Soviet Union consisted of representatives and supporters of the only party, the Communist Party.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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[23] Parliament was divided into different councils of ministers, each with its own domains and functions.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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Key parliamentary influencers were senior figures in the party, such as the General Secretary of the Central Committee (which held supreme power), the President of the Council of Ministers (the “Prime Minister”), and the President of the Bureau of the Supreme Soviet.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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Parliament met in the Moscow Kremlin.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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[24] The Supreme Soviet was the supreme governing body of the Soviet Union over which the Central Committee of the Communist Party had key influence.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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It was bicameral, with both chambers (the Federation Council and the Council of Nationalities) having equal power.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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In 1989, each chamber had 750 members and each had a term of four years.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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The Presidium handled the day-to-day functions of the Supreme Council at the time when it was not convened.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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[25] In practice, until perestroika, the Supreme Council was subordinate to the Politburo and had no real power.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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As the Soviet Union began to disintegrate, the Supreme Council considered the Republics' declarations of sovereignty in a decision it adopted in October 1990 to be illegal.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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On 26 December 1991, the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union was


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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Each Soviet republic had its own local government, which decided local matters.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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In local government, the top administrative bodies were the Regional Court and the Executive Council.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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There was also a People's Court with a three-year term in the administration.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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The local government district also included the Workers' and Peasants' Council.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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The People's Court and the Workers' and Peasants' Council were elected by the voters.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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The Workers' and Peasants' Council was empowered to elect members of the Territorial Court and Executive Council.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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[26] Multiple lists of candidates were not allowed, but in a secret election there was an option to vote against a candidate as well, and therefore the selection of a suitable candidate had to be carried out carefully.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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In the 1960s, for example, 55% of the members of district councils were members of the Communist Party.


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[27] [28] High turnout rates in local government elections, often over 99%, raised suspicion of the integrity of the elections.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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Foreign Policy Main articles: Warsaw Pact and SEV After World War II, Soviet foreign policy sought to ensure internal security, especially by maintaining a system of interests in Eastern Europe, and increasing influence in developing countries.


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The Soviet Union also sought peaceful coexistence with Western countries.


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It maintained diplomatic relations with most of the world's states and was a permanent member of the UN Security Council.


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The founding members of the UN were also Belarus and Ukraine, although these did not have a de facto foreign policy of their own.


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[29] The Soviet Union established the anti-NATO Warsaw Pact in 1955, joined by all Eastern Bloc countries except Yugoslavia.


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Members of the military alliance undertook to defend each other if necessary, should one or more Member States come under attack.


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The Warsaw Pact was largely led from Moscow and supported by Soviet troops stationed in Poland, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and the German Democratic Republic.


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[30] From 1949 to 1991, the Soviet Union was a member of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance.


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The SEV was an economic community of socialist states and a competitor to the European Economic Community.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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Initially, the SEV was essentially a Soviet counterbet to Marshall aid, but it later acquired contrasting features.


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The developed industrialized countries of eastern central Europe, before the rest of Czechoslovakia and the German Democratic Republic, played the role of net contributor economically.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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The SEV was particularly important for Cuba, which managed to make up for decades for the lack of Western markets resulting from the American economic blockade.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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[31] The SEV organization sought to achieve all decisions unanimously.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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Members did not have a separate veto; in the event of disagreement, they could opt out of projects they did not want to participate in.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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Decisions so made satisfied everyone, but not everyone committed to them.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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This was one of the main weaknesses of SEV, along with the markedly different industrial development rates of the Member States.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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The SEV was generally regarded in the West as a weak economic union and was not at the level of the European Economic Community.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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[32] In the 1980s, full members of SEV were East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Cuba, the Soviet Union, Vietnam, Mongolia and Romania.


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[33] The Federation was dissolved in 1991 following the abandonment of a socialist planned economy by the end of the Cold War.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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Internal Security for the Internal Security of the USSR was a commission subordinate to the Ministry of the Interior NKVD, heir to the notorious Volunteer Troop-leaning Czech Republic (ВЧК), which was disbanded in 1922.


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Beginning in 1954 operated from the ministry at least ostensibly independent of the KGB.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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The KGB was the State Security Police of the Soviet Union from 1954 to 1991.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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Its job was to handle external security and intelligence, except military intelligence, which belonged to the GRU.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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The KGB's domain was roughly equivalent to the US CIA and the FBI's counterintelligence division, but the KGB also included, for example, the Soviet Border Guard.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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With the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the FSB was established in Russia as the successor to the Soviet KGB.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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In Belarus, the security police still operate under the KGB name.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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[34] Fatalities According to the calculations of political scientist Radolph Rummel, a total of 62 million people died during the establishment of the Soviet Union and its predecessor Soviet Russia and during the period of power from 1917 to 1991.


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Rummel calculated that to include about 39.5 million deaths in concentration camps, about 8.3 million killed in acts of terrorism, about 7.8 million killed in forced famines, and about 4.3 million killed in rides (engl.


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deportation) dead.


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In the post-World War II period, only about 15.6 million of the deaths are scheduled, and only about 6.9 million of the deaths in the post-Stalin period.


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The figures do not include those killed in World War II battles.


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[35] According to history professor Norman Naimark, Stalin executed nearly a million Soviet citizens.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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[36] Civil War (1917)


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3,284,000 terror 750,000 concentration camps 34,000 forced famine 2,500,000 New Economic Policy (1923) total.


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2,200,000 Collectivization (1929) in total.


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11,440,000 terror 1,733,000 ride deaths 1,400,000 concentration camps 3,306,000 forced famine 5,000,000 Great Terror (1936) total.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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4,345,000 terror 1,000,000 ride deaths 65,000 concentration camps 3,280,000 Before World War II (1939) total.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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5,104,000 terror 1,932,000 ride deaths 283,000 concentration camps 2,889,000 Second World War (1941) total.


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13,053,000 terror 1,257,000 ride-hailing deaths 1,036,000 concentration camps 10,761,000 After World War II (1946) total.


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15,613,000 terror 1,376,000 ride-hailing deaths 1,557,000 concentration camps 12,348,000 since Stalin (1954) total.


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6,872,000 terror 250,000 ride deaths 8000 concentration camps 6,613,000 [35] Geography The Soviet Union was the largest nation in the world by area, encompassing territories from both Europe and Asia.


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The western part of the Soviet Union belonged to Eastern Europe, but three-quarters of the area was located in Asia.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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In total, the Soviet Union included about one-sixth of the total area of the world, exactly 22400000 square kilometers.


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There were 11 time zones in the Soviet Union.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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The major residential areas were concentrated mainly in Europe, but also in Southwest Asia.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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Harvi settlement was in Siberia and other parts of the Northeast and Northern Soviet Union.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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[37] [38] The northernmost area of the Soviet Union was Chelyuskin Cape, with its northernmost point at 77° 45' N latitude.


Question: By what name was the city of Stalingrad known in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

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If the islands are included, the northernmost corner was the Fligell headland on Rudolf Island (81° 50' north latitude).


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The southernmost tip was found in the Turkmenian Soviet Socialist Republic, the village of Childuhter near Kushka.


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The easternmost point was on Ratmanov Island in the Bering Strait (169° 02' west longitude) and the westernmost in the Gulf of Gdańsk in the Baltic Sea (16° 08' east longitude).