Question: What was the goal of the Soviet offensive at the Battle of Kelja

Battle of Kelja

I had had time to fire about 70 rounds when, from some lone enemy hotbed on the side, I got a bullet in my back, from under my scapula.


Question: What was the goal of the Soviet offensive at the Battle of Kelja

Battle of Kelja

That's where my hunting trip ended that time.


Question: What was the goal of the Soviet offensive at the Battle of Kelja

Battle of Kelja

I had been able to use up all the combat skills I acquired in peacetime schools.” Reino Marila's twin brother, Reino Marila, fell in the same counter-attack in a prisoner situation and the narrator himself in Kite at the beginning of the Continuation War in 1941.


Question: What was the goal of the Soviet offensive at the Battle of Kelja

Battle of Kelja

After the battle After the battle, having lost more than 2000 men and an abundance of war material, the Soviet 4th Division was for a long time noncombatant.


Question: What was the goal of the Soviet offensive at the Battle of Kelja

Battle of Kelja

By the early part of January 1940, enemy forces south of Suvanno had silenced to lick their wounds, and no further operations were immediately anticipated.


Question: What was the goal of the Soviet offensive at the Battle of Kelja

Battle of Kelja

In fact, after the battle, for six weeks, the Soviet 13th Army did not carry out any military action.


Question: What was the goal of the Soviet offensive at the Battle of Kelja

Battle of Kelja

As if in retaliation for the events in Kelja, the Soviet Air Force bombed Käkisalmi with a force of 24 planes.


Question: What was the goal of the Soviet offensive at the Battle of Kelja

Battle of Kelja

The result was plenty of material losses and civilian casualties Muller's III Battalion had, in turn, after the battle immediately occupied their old positions and were immediately undertaken to refit them.


Question: What was the goal of the Soviet offensive at the Battle of Kelja

Battle of Kelja

The greatest work was to remove fallen enemies from colonies and battle graves.


Question: What was the goal of the Soviet offensive at the Battle of Kelja

Battle of Kelja

No burials could be undertaken because of the situation; the cold air allowed the bodies to be assembled and left in the vicinity of the stations until spring.


Question: What was the goal of the Soviet offensive at the Battle of Kelja

Battle of Kelja

Captain Muller begged after the battle for rest leave, which Blick granted him.


Question: What was the goal of the Soviet offensive at the Battle of Kelja

Battle of Kelja

Muller was later promoted to major.


Question: What was the goal of the Soviet offensive at the Battle of Kelja

Battle of Kelja

obtained a war booty of 140 machine guns from 1700 infantry guns 12 armor combat guns with plenty of cartridges etc.


Question: What was the goal of the Soviet offensive at the Battle of Kelja

Battle of Kelja

stuff Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Paavo Susitaival| title = Karelian Battalion (Er.P6) in Winter War| publisher = WSOY| year = 1963}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kimmo Sorko| title = Suvannon Latch| publisher = Minerva Kustanus Oy| year = 2004| id = ISBN 952-5478-86-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Urho Kähönen| title = Invincible battalions: Taipale Winter War.| publisher = Cost Point Oy| year = 1982}} Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Category:Winter War Battles Class:1939 Category:Sakkola Category:History of ceded territories


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr The Saga of the Hero Insurma

Ásmundr The Saga of the Sankarinsurma (isl.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr The Saga of the Hero Insurma

Ásmundar saga kappabana) is a medieval Icelandic saga whose author is unknown.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr The Saga of the Hero Insurma

It is read into the so-called ancient sagas.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr The Saga of the Hero Insurma

The saga first tells the story of King Buðl of Sveanmaa holding a cursed sword, prophesied by a blacksmith as the fate of the king's two grandchildren.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr The Saga of the Hero Insurma

The sword is hidden, but Buðl's daughter is born from two marriages a son from each, who grow apart.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr The Saga of the Hero Insurma

The latter part of the saga recounts the battle between the half-brothers, Ásmundr and Hildibrandri.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr The Saga of the Hero Insurma

Ásmundr has found the cursed sword and slays Hildibrandr with it.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr The Saga of the Hero Insurma

He only realises too late they are relatives.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr The Saga of the Hero Insurma

The saga of Ásmundr Sankarinsurma also contains edda poetry: the so-called “Death Song of Hildibrandr” relating to the aforementioned battle, as well as a poem reciting Ásmundr upon her arrival in the hall of Princess Æsa, who had been posing as the party instigating the battle.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr The Saga of the Hero Insurma

[1] The saga of Ásmundr Sankarinsurma has not been translated.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr The Saga of the Hero Insurma

Timing and Age of Story Tradition Ásmundr The saga of Sankarinsurma was written in the late 13th century, and its main manuscripts are from the 13th and 15th century (;).


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

Its story, however, draws on a very old story tradition of recounting a battle between father and son.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

The story and the aforementioned poem, “Hildibrandr's Death Song” have confluences with the ancient High German hero poem Hildebrandslied (“Song of Hildebrand”), dating from the early 8th century.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

The “Death Song of Hildibrandri” was also known elsewhere in Scandinavia; for example, the Danish scholar Saxo Grammaticus was familiar with the poem and performs a Latin version of it when recounting Hildegerus in his work (, n.v.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

The poem in both the saga and the Saxo work are likely to have originated from the same source in their beginnings.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

Hildribrandr's story has thus been known in Scandinavia as early as the late 12th century.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

Since the poem preserved in the saga is short, it has been suspected (Halvorsen 1951) that the story of Ásmundr and Hildibrandri has been circulated in Iceland specifically as an oral saga, not in poetry form.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

One version of Hildibrandri's story is also told in another saga based on the Germanic hero singing tradition, Þiðrekr Berninen's saga.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

[2] Ásmundr The saga of Sankarinsurma in Great Power Sweden, about the distant past, began to arouse interest, especially in Great Power Sweden, in the 17th to 18th century.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

They were considered to be sources that could tell something about Sweden's ancient and glorious past, for which very few sources were otherwise available.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

As a result, ancient sagas were also used without proper source criticism as a building material for great power ideology and for propaganda purposes, despite the fact that some contemporaries viewed the source value of ancient sagas with suspicion even at that time.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

[3] Ásmundr Sankarinsurma's saga was of interest to scholars in Great Power Sweden, as the events of the saga took off from Sveanmaa (isl.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

Svíþjóð).


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

Besides that, some of the events were set in Danish territory and in the “Land of the Saxons” (isl.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

Saxland), that is, the territory of present-day northwestern Germany.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

The characters and venues of Ásmundr Sankarinsurma's saga were also partly the same as in Þiðrekr Berninen's saga.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

The latter was considered the spiritual basis of Svealais-Gothentic antiquity.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

The relationship with this source considered significant by the Swedes of the Great Power period contributed to the fact that Ásmundr Sankarinsurma's saga was viewed quite uncritically and considered a reliable historical source on Sweden's ancient past.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

[4] Since Swedes at that time no longer understood the language of ancient sagas, the saga of Ásmundr Sankarinsurma appeared translated into Swedish in a work by Johan F. Peringskiöld in 1722 (Stockholm: Johan Laurentius Horrn).


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

[5] See also Saga Ancient sagas Saxo Grammaticus Sources Busch, Kay.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

2004 [2002].


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

PhD dissertation.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Philosophische Fakultat und Fachbereich Theologie.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

Finlay, Alison.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

in 2010.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

The Saga of Ásmundr, Killer of Champions: An Introduction.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

In the work, ed.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

Martin Arnold & Alison Finlay.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

London: Viking Society for Northern Research and University College London, 119-124.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

Halvorsen, Eyvind F.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

in 1951.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

On the Sources of the Ásmundar saga kappabana.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

Studia Norvegica 5 (1951), 1-57.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

Heather, Kirsi.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

in 2015.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

In search of the ancient past.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

Saga translations and runic studies from the Swedish Great Power.In the book Books as a collection.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

Folk education and internationalism at the Turku City Library in the 18th—20th centuries, ed.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

Kaisa Hypén, Leila Koivunen & Janne Tunturi.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

Turku: Key, 246—254.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

Ciclamini, Marlene.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

in 1993.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

Ásmundar saga kappabana.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

In Medieval Scandinavia: An Encyclopedia, ed.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

Phillip Pulsiano.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

New York: Garland, 22-23.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

Simek, Rudolf & Hermann Pálsson.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

in 2007.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

Lexikon der altnordischen Literatur.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

Kröners Taschenausgabe 490.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

Stuttgart: Kröner.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

Wawn, Andrew.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

in 2006.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

In The Fantastic in Old Norse/Icelandic Literature: Sagas and the British Isles; Preprint Papers of The 13th International Saga Conference; Durham and York, 6th-12th August, 2006, ed.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

John McKinnell, David Ashurst & Donata Kick.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

Durham: The Centre for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, Durham University, 2:1015—1024.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

References Translations and editions Ásmundar saga kappabana.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

In Guðni Jónsson (ed.).


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

in 1954.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

Fornaldar sögur Norðurlanda, 1.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

Akureyri: Íslendingasagnaútgáfan, 383-408.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

Finlay, Alison (translate).


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

in 2010.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr Saga of the hero insurma

The Saga of Ásmundr, Killer of Champions.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr The Saga of the Hero Insurma

In the work, ed.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr The Saga of the Hero Insurma

Martin Arnold & Alison Finlay.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr The Saga of the Hero Insurma

London: Viking Society for Northern Research and University College London, 119-139.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr The Saga of the Hero Insurma

Hèr hefr upp Sögu Ásmundar, er kallaðr er kappabani.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr The Saga of the Hero Insurma

In Rafn, C.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr The Saga of the Hero Insurma

C.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr The Saga of the Hero Insurma

(eds.)


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr The Saga of the Hero Insurma


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr The Saga of the Hero Insurma

, 2.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr The Saga of the Hero Insurma

Kaupmannahöfn: [s.n.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr The Saga of the Hero Insurma

], 461-487.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr The Saga of the Hero Insurma

Peringskiöld, Johan F.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr The Saga of the Hero Insurma

(eds.).


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr The Saga of the Hero Insurma

in 1722. Stockholm: Johan Laurentius Horrn.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr The Saga of the Hero Insurma

Winkel Horn, Frederik (translator).


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr The Saga of the Hero Insurma

in 1876. Kjøbenhavn: Samfundet til det danske literaturs fremme, 201-221.


Question: How does the saga arise?

Ásmundr The Saga of the Hero Insurma

On the subject elsewhere in Ásmundar saga kappabana in ancient Icelandic website Ásmundar saga kappabana in Icelandic website Ásmundar saga kappabana bibliography on Ásmundar saga kappabana in english website of the poetry contained in Ásmundar saga kappabana saga — project on the site Category: SagasCategory:Ancient Nordic literatureCategory: Medieval Literature


Question: When is Adidas founded?

Adidas

Adidas AG is one of the world's leading sports shoes, apparel and accessories companies.


Question: When is Adidas founded?

Adidas

The company's product range, founded in 1949, covers a wide range of sports and also includes sporty leisure fashion.


Question: When is Adidas founded?

Adidas

Adidas products typically have three parallel stripes just like its logo.


Question: When is Adidas founded?

Adidas

Known as an avid sportsman, the founder of the company, Adolf “Adi” Dassler started manufacturing sports shoes in the 1920s.


Question: When is Adidas founded?

Adidas

Aided by him, he had his brother Rudolf Dassler, who later founded the rival company Puma.


Question: When is Adidas founded?

Adidas

Today, through its three core segments, Adidas, Reebok and Taylor Made -Adidas Golf, Adidas Group represents a wide and diverse range of sports products.


Question: When is Adidas founded?

Adidas

The company is headquartered in its founder's hometown of Herzogenaurach, Germany, and the group employs around 25000 employees internationally.


Question: When is Adidas founded?

Adidas

The main contract manufacturer for Adidas is Yue Yuen [1].


Question: When is Adidas founded?

Adidas

Adidas products are manufactured in China, Vietnam, Japan, Indonesia and Brazil, among others.


Question: When is Adidas founded?

Adidas

[2] Annual sales of the company amounted to approximately EUR 9.5 billion in 2005.


Question: When is Adidas founded?

Adidas

According to the Play Fair campaign, Adidas' pre-tax profit in 2007 was around $1 billion and grew 68% in four years [1].


Question: When is Adidas founded?

Adidas

In 2005, Finnish company Amer acquired Salomon from Adidas.


Question: When is Adidas founded?

Adidas

The purchase price was $42.42 million.


Question: When is Adidas founded?

Adidas

Sources on the topic elsewhere * Category:Key articles on screening Category:Clothing brands


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

Marriage is a form of close cooperation between two people established in quantity forms.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

[1] Parties to a marriage are called spouses, that is, spouses.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

[2] Finnish Marriage Law 1.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

Section defines marriage as a union between two persons, confirmed by initiation.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

[2] The United Nations Declaration of Human Rights as well as international human rights treaties guarantee every person of legal age the right to marry.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

In practice, each state's own laws regulate the fulfillment of this right more accurately.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

[3] In the Western world, marriage does not entitle a man to the presidency of his wife; the spouses are equal before the law.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

[4] In France, the President may authorize marriage to a deceased person in special cases.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

[5] Marriage in Finland In Finland, marriage is governed by the law on marriage.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

In Finland, two persons who have reached the age of 18 and who are not previously married or in a registered partnership can marry.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

A person younger than this can be granted permission to marry by the Ministry of Justice for a special reason.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

[6] Previously, when the age of majority began at 21, the age limit for marrying with parental permission was 17 for women and 18 for men.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

Presidential permission was required to marry younger people.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

[7] The marriage age for women was increased to 17 years on December 16, 1911.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

[8] After the age limit of majority was lowered to 18 years, women had a marrying age with parental permission of 17 years, but this was removed from the Marriage Act 1987.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

In Finland, cousins can marry each other normally.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

Under the Marriage Act, no person is allowed to marry their child, grandchild, parents or those parents or any other relative directly on the elevating and descending knee.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

Nor are siblings or half-siblings allowed to marry.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

Less absolute are the prohibition on adoptive children from marrying their adopted parents and the prohibition of an uncle, uncle or aunt marrying their sibling's child.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

However, for a specific reason, these marriages can be authorised by the Ministry of Justice.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

[2] [6] Before initiation, those intending to marry must jointly request an examination of barriers to marriage.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

The request will be made either to the registry office or to the Lutheran or Orthodox congregation if a church wedding is planned.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

Engaged partners must then affirm that they are not close relatives and that they are not in a marriage or registered partnership.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

If the engaged partner has been previously married or registered partnerships, this must also be reported.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

[6] A researcher on barriers to marriage checks from the Population Information System to see if the data is accurate.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

If there are no obstacles, the investigator gives the engaged partners a certificate of accessibility.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

The certificate will be issued no earlier than seven days after the start of the investigation and will be valid for four months.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

[6] A marriage ceremony may be delivered once the barriers to marriage have been examined and a certificate thereof has been issued to those intending to marry.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

A marriage may be contracted as a civil marriage, that is, a marriage confirmed by a civil authority or a marriage ceremony performed by some denominations.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

[9] Civil marriage is delivered by a llaman, district judge or spirit writer, most commonly a priest of religious initiation.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

[6] The initiation ceremony must have at least two witnesses.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

At the wedding ceremony, the betrothed partners should be present and must respond positively to the questions made to them, after which they are noted as spouses by the consecrator.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

The consecrator may not deliver the marriage ceremony if there is an obstacle to marriage or if either of the engaged partners is unable to understand the meaning of marriage due to a mental disorder.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

If the marriage ceremony takes place despite these considerations or is delivered by a person not entitled to do so, the marriage ceremony shall be null and void and no marriage has arisen.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

However, the President of the Republic may, for a special reason, stipulate that such consecration must be considered valid if so requested by either of the consecrated parties.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

[10] The majority of civil marriage ceremonies take place in Finland during office hours.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

A spirit writer can also be invited to officiate at the party venue, but the service is provided only by some of the registry offices.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

[11] [12] The proportion of civil marriage ceremonies has increased steadily since the mid-1980s.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

In 2014, 50.7% of initiation ceremonies were civil ceremonies.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

[13] The consecration performed in the office during the office hours costs nothing, likewise the consecration performed by the priest is free.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

According to some claims, in civil marriage, the groom and bride do not have to stress about arranging the wedding ceremony and celebration.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

[14] However, there is nothing to prevent a couple marrying in a civil marriage from organising no matter how large celebrations and, for example, an ecclesiastical blessing ceremony.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

Also, a church wedding can be delivered on a very small scale only in the presence of a priest and a witness, without its odder festivities.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

An example of this serve as an example of the initiation moments that increase their popularity, where couples arrive to be married on a first-come first-come basis.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

Religious community initiation Barriers to marriage may also be examined by a congregation of the Evangelical Lutheran Church or Orthodox denomination, of which the engaged partners are members or one of them is.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

The Marriage Barriers Scholar checks data on marital accessibility from the home parish of the engaged partner.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

[6] In connection with the investigation, the congregations inform the intention of the betrothed partners to enter into marriage at Sunday worship if the subjects do not object.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

[23] The legal effects of ecclesiastical consecration are in all respects the same as those of civil marriage.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

Ecclesiastical consecration may be delivered in an Evangelical Lutheran or Orthodox congregation or a registered religious community.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

[24] Sixty-one of the registered religious communities have the right of consecration.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

[25] The ordained minister in the Evangelical Lutheran and Orthodox Church is the priest, in other religious communities the one to whom the registry office has granted the right of consecration on application by the colony.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

[24] The marriage of the Naimaarch of 1734 was always to be concluded by ecclesiastical consecration.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

Civil marriage was not made legal until the Separate Act of 1917.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

[26] The proportion of ecclesiastical consecrations performed by the Evangelical Lutheran Church fell to less than half in 2013, amounting to 49.0%.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

[17] In 2017, there were only 41.2% of ecclesiastical consecrations.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

[22] The absolute number of civil marriage ceremonies has remained at the same level in recent years, but the number of marriages performed has decreased, and this has reduced the number of church consecrations in particular.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

[27] Although the Marriage Act also allows same-sex unions as of March 2017, the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland's concept of marriage between a man and a woman is maintained.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

[28] Although, some priests have announced that they will begin to ordain same-sex couples as well, despite the Church's position.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

[29] Effects of Marriage Those who wed marriage may choose to either retain their own surnames in the marriage or take a common surname or double name.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

[6] [9] Marriage does not affect property ownership and spouses bear their debts themselves.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

However, the spouse has a marital right which entitles the spouse to be the first beneficiary of the division of property.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

In a prenuptial agreement, spouses may agree that at the end of the marriage, their property will not be divided equally between them.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

[30] The most significant societal impacts are the duty of maintenance of the spouse and the right to carry out the affairs of the other while the other is inhibited.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

In addition, the spouse has the right to block property transactions, the right to a widow's pension and an exemption from some welfare rebates arising from housing relations.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

[2] The average length of marriage in Finland (2004) is 11.3 years.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

[31] Same-sex marriage Same-sex marriage is allowed in the Netherlands, Argentina, Belgium, Spain, South Africa, Iceland, Canada, Norway, Portugal, France, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Uruguay, New Zealand, part of Brazil and Mexico, as well as in all 50 states of the United States.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

[32] In Finland, Parliament adopted a citizens' initiative aimed at amending the Marriage Act in 2014, and the law has entered into force on 1 March 2017.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

[33] In many countries it is possible for two persons of the same sex to enter into a registered partnership between them.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

History The institution of marriage and its practices and rules have varied over time depending on culture and demographics.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

[34] According to Edvard Westermarck, the institution of marriage was likely an extension of an age-old custom.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

[35] In Finland, marriages have occurred even before the arrival of Christianity in the region.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

Pope Innocentius IV gave the Finns around the years 1245—1249 a dispensation to remain freely in the marriages they had contracted “according to their own expenditure” upon their conversion to Christianity.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

[36] Of the 250 societies studied by anthropologist George P. Murdock by 1949, only the Caingang community of Brazil had group marriages, which may have included at least two men and at least two women at the same time [37].


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

Yale University professor and historian John Boswell in his book (1994) “Same-sex Unions in Premodern Europe” equated gay unions with the blessing formula by which the church consecrated male couples into a friendship union still in the 10th century.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

According to this opinion, the Church would only have begun to take a negative view of homosexuality in the 14th century.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

[38] According to the most common interpretation, the practice apparently has been the blessing of two heterosexual platonic friendships, since at the same time homosexual relations were condemned in the doctrines of both the East and West churches.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

Both the Orthodox Church, where the covenant is still in use in some areas, as well as the Catholic Church, where the friendship union has been renounced, consider the friendship union to be taken as a brother in a spiritual sense and is not a sexual relationship at all.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

[39] [40] According to the etymological dictionary (2004), the origin of the marital word is disputed.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

It has been considered an old Germanic, a loan signifying law or norm.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

More likely to be married would be a cord of an original ava body.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

Under this, therefore, marriage would be an open, public union.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

In the first part of the older Finnish language etymological dictionary (1974), the Germanic loan of the marital word is uncertain.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

According to the book, possibly marriage belongs to ava, open etc sikerma and has in its beginning marked open, public, legal.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

Marriage in Europe For most of European history, marriage has been a financial agreement between two families in which the children of families were married between each other.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

Romantic love or affection was not of the essence.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

[41] Historically, emphasis has been placed on the alleged “necessity” of marriage [42].


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

There was no special marriage ceremony in ancient Greece, only mutual agreement that the couple considered each other husband and wife [43].


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

Men were generally in their 20s to 40s [44] and assumed their wives were early teens.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

This may have been because military service was usually performed at the 30th year of age and marrying a young woman ensured this virginity [45].


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

Wives had few rights in society and were assumed to take care of the home and children [46].


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

Inheritance was more important than emotion: if a woman's father died without male heirs, the woman might be forced to marry her closest male relative and, if necessary, divorce first from her current husband [47].


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

The traditional Roman marriage conventio in manum was contracted in ceremony with witnesses and erokin performed ceremonially.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

[42] The woman became a member of a new family, obtaining the right of inheritance in place of her old family's right of inheritance and passing to her husband's control [48].


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

In a freer marriage sine manu wife remained under the control and heir of her father instead of a new family [48].


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

The wife had to be at least 12 years old [49].


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

In the Early Christian period (30—325 share.)


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

marriage was a private affair without a uniform religious or other ceremony.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

Admittedly, Bishop Ignatius of Antioch wrote in his letter (about 110 share.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

), that if a marriage is concluded with the permission of the bishop, it will be according to God and not according to their lust.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

“[50] In the 12th century women often began to be required to take a male surname and from the middle of the 16th century parental and church permission [51].


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

With some local exceptions until 1545, European Christian marriages were conducted by 1. mutual consent, 2. by declaring intent to marry, and 3. by performing mutual intercourse thereafter; no priest was needed [52] [53] [54].


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

Churches could register marriages, but this was not necessary, and neither did the state play a role in marriage.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

In the Middle Ages, marriages were usually arranged, especially in the High Decisions, sometimes as early as the time of birth, to ensure agreements between noble families.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

The church opposed these forced marriages [51].


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

As Christianity spread, free choice of partner gradually became more common [51].


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

As part of the Counter-Reformation in 1563, the Council of Trent decreed that a Roman Catholic marriage was only recognised if it had been contracted in the presence of a priest and two other witnesses.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

The Council also authorised a catechism published in 1566 that the marriage obliged “to a lifetime of co-operation” [55].


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

In England, marriage was valid by the fact that the spouses were consenting and living together until Lord Hardwicke's decree 1753 imposed additional requirements such as a religious ceremony performed in the presence of witnesses [56].


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

With the Reformation, the recording of marriages and setting rules passed to the state.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

By the 17th century, in many Protestant countries, marriage was influenced by the state.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

In 2000, the average married age in European countries was 25—44 years for males and 22—39 for females.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

There was an old belief in Finland that the act of initiation was merely a strengthening of a marriage.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

Stepping down the aisle was not to make a marriage, but to strengthen an already concluded covenant with blessings and prayers.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

The marriage took place already on the occasion of the engagement.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

So the engagement was a binding contract.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

This mindset was not broken until the 18th century when the current conception came to power.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

On the other hand, ecclesiastical and social life constituted an indivisible entity, and marriage without a church could not be conceived at that time.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

[57] Chinese marriage In ancient China people with the same surname were not allowed to marry each other because it was considered incest, but maternal relatives could marry, so two families could marry each other generation after generation.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

See also Divorce Marriage Annulment (Catholic Church) Cohabitation Exogamy Endogamy Incomplete Marriage Wedding Family Relationship Engagement Polygamy Relationship Group Marriage Marital Status Agreed Marriage Forced Marriage Fake Marriage Wedding Ring Infidelity Pictures Engagement, Italy, 15th century.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

Knut Ekwall, Kosinta, 1880—1889.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

Edmund Blair Leighton, Signing the register, 1890s.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

Wedding in Germany.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

Bride and groom in Japan in front of a Sinthese shrine.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

Muslim weddings in India.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Knuutila, Jyrki| title = Marriage as a legal and ecclesiastical institution in Finland until 1629| location = Helsinki| publisher = Church Historical Society of Finland | year = 1990| version = Dissertation, Helsinki university.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

Proceedings of the Finnish Church Historical Society 151| id = ISBN 951-9021-80-9}} On the topic elsewhere Ministry of Justice.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

Married.info.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

Register offices.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland. Orthodox.NET.


Question: Who invented the concept of marriage?

matrimony

entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

Sami Hannu Antero Kapanen (born June 14, 1973 in Vantaa) is the head coach of Finnish ice hockey SM-liiga team KALPA.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

[1] Sami Kapape has a long career as a hockey player behind him.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

He last played in the 2013—14 season for Kalpa of the SM-liiga.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

Kapanen is one of the longest-serving Finnish ice hockey players who have made the longest NHL career.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

He ended his playing career after the 2010 World Ice Hockey Championship, but announced in April 2011 that he had signed a two-year deal with KALPA from the 2011—12 season onwards.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

Kapase's CEO at KALPA passed to his brother Kimmo Kapapane when active training resumed.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

In addition, he is one of the two owners of KalPA.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

Kapanen has played 402 matches in the SM-liiga with power points 120+173=293.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

In the NHL, Kapanen played a total of 831 games with a power score of 189+269=458.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

[2] Kapanen has also served as captain of the Finnish ice hockey national team, most recently at the 2010 World Championships.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

Known for his versatility, Kapanen has played not only on the side, but also as a centre-forward and, on special occasions, even as a defender.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

Career Sami Kapanen started his career at the professional level at the age of 17 as a striker for KalPa playing in the SM-liiga.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

Before making his league debut, he had also played ice hockey at the junior level for Joensuu's Kiekko-Poji and the Athletes of Etelästa Vantaa.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

After four years spent in Kuopio, the Kapasen road ran to IFK in Helsinki.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

Extremely fast, tough-playing, Kapasen was booked into the NHL by the Hartford Whalers in the 1995 reserve as a member of the World Champion team.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

From the outset, the Whalers showed Kapase that he was planning to play a significant role in the team.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

A well-started journey towards North America experienced a setback after he was injured in training camp; the accident had cut Kapase's career off the hook.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

In the situation, the defender was coming in open ice to tackle Kapa, but this one fell over and received a blow from the tackler's knee directly to his jaw.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

Kapanen tried to survive to the next exchange but was unable to return to the ice, and breathing problems also began in the suit booth.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

Due to severe symptoms, the spinner was taken to hospital.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

X-rays found no serious injuries and the injury was diagnosed as a concussion.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

According to Kapase, his gait became more arduous by the day, and after a ten-metre walk, one always had to crouch to rest, which relieved the pain.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

However, MRI scans revealed there was blood in the back lobe of the brain, which had also leaked around the spine, and there were blood clots along the spinal environment.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

During his rookie season, Kapanen played 35 games in a Hartford jersey with power-ups of 5+4=9, and the rest of the season he spent in the ranks of farm club Springfield Falcons, playing 28 games with a power score of 14+17=31.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

Kapanen then spent one season with the Whalers, after which the organization moved to Carolina and changed its name to the Carolina Hurricanes.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

During his first season at Carolina, Kapanen struck out 63 power points in 81 games, and during the 1999—2000 and 2001—02 seasons, Kapanen also played in the constellation game, and was also selected as the fastest skater in the league during those seasons.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

[3] Kapanen spent a total of six seasons with the Hurricanes.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

In the 2001—02 season, the Hurricanes reached the Stanley Cup Finals, but the team lost to the Detroit Red Wings with match-winning 4—1.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

Had Carolina won the finals series, Kapase would have become the second Finn player to win both the World Championship and the Stanley Cup, after Jere Lehtinen.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

On February 7, 2003, Kapanen was transferred to the Philadelphia Flyers, where Finnish players Lasse Kukkonen and Antero Niittymäki played at the time.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

While playing in Philadelphia, Kapase became a more defensive attacker.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

He played with the Flyers in the next two playoff games for a total of 17 power points.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

During the NHL lockout season, Kapanen returned to Finland and raised his breeder club KALPA, who had fallen to Mestis, back to the SM-liiga.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

He then returned to the ranks of the Flyers on a two-year contract.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

[4] In the summer of 2008, Kapanen left the NHL troughs and moved back to KALPA.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

He achieved the following season with the team a bronze medal.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

[5] Kapanen was also selected for the SM-liiga constellation field and he also won the Raimo Kilpiö award.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

In his final season, Kapanen played 28 matches in the KalPA ranks with a power of 6+16=22 and was again selected for the constellation field.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

Kapanen then played one more prestigious tournament, representing the Finnish national team as captain at the 2010 Games, after which he went public with the news of continuing his playing career in 2011 at KALPA “maybe”.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

In spring 2011, he reported that he had signed a two-year contract with Kalpa.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

In the 2011—12 season, he became the highest-scoring player in KalPA's social history.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

Along with Marko Palo and Mika Nieminen, Kapanen is the only one of the 1995 World Champions to not win a Finnish title in his career.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

Kapanen has played a total of 77 matches in the Adult Values Championship with a power score of 24+21=45.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

He has played three Olympic Games with the national team as well as seven World Cup tournaments.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

At the World Championships, in addition to World Cup gold, she has achieved two Olympic bronzes and three World Cup silvers.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

Kapanen played his last Values tournament in 2010.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

Kapanen represented Finland at the Olympics in 1994, 1998 and 2002.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

World Championships in 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998, 2001, 2009 and 2010.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

Kapanen was also selected for the teams for the 2004 World Cup and the 2006 Turin Olympics, but had to miss out due to injuries.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

Finland finished second in both.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

Outside the troughs, Kapanen and Kimmo Timonen are the largest owners of SM-liiga club KALPA.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

In addition, Kapanen serves as Chairman of the Board of KalPa Hockey Oy.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

[6] Kapase's father, Hannu Kapanen, is a well-known coach and former player.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

Sami Kapanen was appointed CEO of KALPA at the end of May 2010.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

Former CEO Kari Penttilä took over as vice-president of the club at the same time.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

[7] His brother Kimmo Kapanen is a former goalkeeper and as of 2011 he serves as CEO of KALPA.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

In the 2015—16 season, Kapanen served as head coach of KALPA's A youth and coached the team to SM-bronsi.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

[8] As of the 2016—17 season, Kapanen serves as the coach of the KALPA league team.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

[8] Private life Kapanen divorced his longtime spouse Petra in 2011.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

[9] The pair have four children together, the eldest of whom, Kasperi, played his first SM-liiga match at the age of 16 in December 2012.


Question: How tall is Lasse Kukkonen?

Sami Kapanen

Statistics 1990—1991Kalpasm League141232821301991— 1992Kalpasm League42151025800000jmm715681992—1993Kalpasm-League37417211200000jmm712321993—1994Kalpasm-League482332551600000 OK81012mm842601994—1995HIFKSM-League4914284242300mm822461995—1996Hart1995—1996HIFKSM-League4914284242300mm822461995—1996Hart1995—1996Hifksm-League4914284242300Ford WhalersNHL35549600000mm82246Springfield FalconSahl281417314312301996—1997Hartford WhalersNHL45131225200000MC301141997—1998Carolina HurricanesNHL812637631600000OK60110mm1043721998—1999Carolina HurricanesNHL8124355910511201999—2000Carolina HurricanesNHL7624244812000002000—2001Carolina HurricanesLNH82NH82NH82NH8812000—2001Carolina HurricanesLNH82NH82NH82NH863160000000000000002037572462350mm8741182001—2002Carolina HurricanesNHL7727426923231896OK412342002— 2003Carolina HurricanesNHL43612181200000Philadelphia Flyersnhl28491361343762003—2004Philadelphia FlyersNHL741218301418371062004—2005Kalpamestis10639295384mc000002005—2006Philadelphia FlyersNHL581222341260002OK000002006—2007Philadelphia ERSNHL7711142522000002007-2008Philadelphia Flyersnhl74538161620222008—2009Kalpasm-League5520244418124594mm723522009—2010Kalpasm-League2861622581367130mm711202011—2012Kalpasm-League35131225332102012—2013Kalpasm-League3871118145012013—2013-2013Kalpasm-league3871118145012013-2013-2013-2013Kalpasm-league3871118145012013—20143-2013Kalpasm-league3871118Kalpasm-league357613260000010 throughTotalSM-league402120173293229431314278AdultValues772421453412 TotalHL8311892694581758713223522 Achievements and Awards World Cup Gold (1995) Three World Cup Silvers (1994, 1998, 2001) Two Olympic Bronzes (1994, 1998) World Cup Best Attacker (2001) World Cup All Stars Field (2001) NHL Constellation Game (2000, 2002) Raimo Kilpiö - award (2009) Finnish bronze (2009) [10] [11] Sources at at References elsewhere Category:Finnish ice hockey players Category:Finnish Olympic medalists Category:World Ice Hockey Champions Category:Raimo Kilpiö Prize winners Category:Players booked by Hartford Whalers Class:Born in 1973 Category:Living Persons Category:Key articles of screening


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

Situated along the Silk Road, Afghanistan has a turbulent history.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

Afghanistan belonged in the 5th century BCE.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

Persian Empire, 3rd century BCE.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

To the kingdom of Alexander the Great.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

Islam spread in the country after its founding in the 6th century with the advent of Arab conquers, displacing Buddhism that came from the east.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

In the late 9th century, the country was conquered by Turkic Ghaznavids.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

Mahmud the Ghazni (998-1030) united the conquests of his predecessors and invaded as far as India.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

In 1219, the country was conquered by the Mongols under Genghis Khan and by Timur Lenk in the following century and Persia again in the 18th century.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

Afghanistan gained independence as an emirate in 1746 under Ahmad Shad Durrani, following the assassination of the Persian ruler Nadir Shah.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

The Durrani Empire stretched from Mashad in the west to Kashmir and Delhi in the east and from the Amu Darya River to the Arabian Sea.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

Afghanistan Wars The first two Afghan wars in the 19th century there were two Afghan wars when Great Britain tried to conquer Afghanistan to prevent Russia from getting it.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

In the First War of 1838—1842, the British occupied the country after Persia sought the territory, encouraged by Russia, and placed Shuja Shah Durrani on the throne.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

The Afghans drove the occupiers out of the country and out of Kabul's 4000-man garrison, only one was able to escape to Jalalabad.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

Subsequently, another British expedition went to free the prisoners from Kabul.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

The Second Afghan War was fought in 1878—1880 when Emir Shere Ali refused to accept the British legation in Kabul.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

General Sir Frederick Roberts conquered Kabul and Kandahar in 1880 and emir Abdur Rahman Khan (1880—1901) was put on the throne.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

Shere Ali went into exile and Afghanistan was forced to cede foreign policy control to Great Britain, but retained internal self-government.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

[1] The 1893 Treaty decreed Afghanistan and British India (now.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

Pakistan) as the border between the so-called “”, named after Sir Mortimer Durand. Durand line.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

World War I and Third Afghan War During World War I, Afghanistan remained neutral, despite insurgency sedition by the Germans in the border areas of British India.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

Abdur Rahman's son and successor Habibullah was assassinated in 1919.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

Possibly those responsible for the murder were family members opposed to the British.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

The third son Amanullah (1919—1929) started the Third Afghan War against India and the war-weary British recognised Afghan independence by the Treaty of Rawalpindi on 19 August 1919.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

Amanullah cut off his country's isolation and made a trip in Europe and Turkey in 1927.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

He became enamoured of Ataturk's reforms and adopted some of them himself.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

However, the ban on veils and the education of women provoked opposition in the tribes and in November 1928 civil war broke out.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

Amanullah was forced to abdicate the throne in January 1929 when Tajik Habibullah Kalakani (callednamed “Bacha-i-Saqao”, “son of the water bearer”) conquered the capital.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

Amanullah's cousin Nadir Khan defeated and executed Habibullah in October 1929, proclaiming himself king with the support of the Pashu tribes under the name Nadir Shah.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

However, he was assassinated four years later.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

Nadir Khan's 19-year-old son Mohammad Zahir Shah ascended the throne and ruled 1933—1973, when the country experienced a long period of stability.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

Mohammed Zahir Shah's time Mohammed Zahir Shah embarked on bold reforms that nevertheless fell halfway.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

He enacted the 1964 constitution and established a bicameral parliament to which the king appointed a third of the delegates, a third was elected from provincial councils and a third was elected by the people.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

Zahir Shah's experiment in democracy gave rise to a party system in which both the far right and the left were represented.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

The left included the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (HDKA), which had close ties to the Soviet Union.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

However, it split in 1967 into the Khalq wing led by Nur Muhammad Tarak and Hafizullah Amin, supported by the army as well as the Parcham group led by Babrak Karmal.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

Zahir's prime minister from 1953 to 1963 was his cousin Mohammed Daoud Khan.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

Daoud sought military and economic aid from both the United States and the Soviet Union and made reformist social reforms.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

Mohammed Daoud Khan ejected his cousin King Mohammed Zahir Shah from power with army support in 1973 after the drought that hit the country between 1971 and 1972.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

The HDKA coup d'état of 1978 on April 27, 1978, the HDKA seized power with the help of army officers.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

Secretary-General Nur Muhammad Tarak became the president and prime minister of the country's Revolutionary Council.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

During its first eighteen months in power, the HDKA embarked on a Marxist reform program that met with immediate resistance.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

Particular resistance was met by land reform and interference with marriage customs.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

Widespread persecution of real and suspected political opponents also provoked opposition.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

In the summer of 1978, an insurgency began in the Nuristan region of eastern Afghanistan, which soon spread throughout the country.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

In December 1978, the Afghan communist government entered into a cooperation and assistance agreement with the Soviet Union.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

The Soviet Union began sending military aid to the country's civil war-fighting government.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

The Parcham wing of the HDKA was ousted from the government as early as the summer of 1978 and hardline purges were also triggered within the party.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

In September 1979, Communist Party Prime Minister Hafizullah Amin, ousted President Taraki and expanded purges of his opponents.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

However, relations became strained with the Soviet Union after Hafizullah Amin refused the superpower's advice.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

On December 24, 1979, Soviet paratroops entered Kabul and on the 26th Hafizullah Amin was killed in the takeover of the presidential palace.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

Babrak Karmal of the Parcham faction in exile in Czechoslovakia was brought into the country by the Soviets, who was made Prime Minister.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

Around 120,000 men flowed into the country from the north, which, however, did not gain control of the country more than a fifth.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

In the war in Afghanistan, Soviet forces and the new Afghan government it brought to power were met by mujahideen guerrillas supported by China, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and the United States.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

The war in Afghanistan in the 1980s The war in Afghanistan both drained Soviet resources and undermined its relations with all Western and Islamic countries.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

In 1988, the Geneva Accords were concluded between Pakistan, Afghanistan, the United States and the Soviet Union, which agreed that major powers would not interfere in their internal affairs and promised the return of refugees without fear of punishment.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

The withdrawal of Soviet troops was agreed to take place by 15 February 1989.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

The Mujahideen factions were not involved in the agreement and refused its terms.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

The civil war continued after the Soviet withdrawal and Afghanistan's current Najibullah government finally collapsed in 1992 [2] with the defection of Uzbek General Abdul Rashid Dostum.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

The Mujahideen took over Kabul, followed by a renewed struggle between the various factions.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

An Islamic Jihad Council was established to govern Kabul in April 1992.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

However, in May, Professor Burhanuddin Rabbani was elected president himself.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

In August 1992, heavy fighting broke out between the president and Gulbuddin Hekmatyar's Hezb-i-Islami supporters.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

Fighting continued fragmented until January 1994, when a change of side by General Abdul Rashid Dostum caused heavy fighting in Kabul and the north of the country.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

The Tajik Rabbani and Ahmad Shah Massoud Jamiat movement held their hall in Kabul.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

Taliban Movement and New Constitution In 1994, the Taliban movement began to gain strength that year from a local warlord in Kandahar.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

The Taliban's power grew and it gained control of Kabul in September 1996 and by late 1998 controlled 90% of the country.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

The Taliban's interpretation of Islam was based on the tradition of Pashtu tribes and gained notoriety through its maltreatment of women.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

In addition, the Taliban persecuted minority nationalities such as Shiite hazaras and in 2001 destroyed the famous Buddha statues located near Bamiyan as infidels.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

Afghanistan also provided sanctuary for Osama bin Laden and his al-Qaida faction, which had carried out several strikes against the United States around the world.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

The United States fired cruise missiles at an al-Qaeda camp in August 1998.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

The United States named Osama bin Laden as the main culprit in the September 11, 2001 attacks on New York.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

On 19 September, a meeting of Taliban mullahs refused to extradite him.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

On October 7, 2001, the United States and Britain began the invasion of Afghanistan (Operation Enduring Freedom).


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

By November, the Northern Alliance, opposed to the Taliban, had removed the Taliban from power.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

The last Taliban force left Kandahar was on 7 December.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

Afghan groups opposed to the Taliban met in December 2001 in Bonn and brokered an agreement to stabilize the country.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

On the basis of the UN resolution (1383/2001) which adopted it, the ISAF force was established.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

On December 22, 2001, Hamid Karzai was appointed Speaker of the Interim Administration (Afghan Interim Authority).


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

In June 2002, the Loya Jirga, a traditional grand council consisting of nearly two thousand representatives of different groups and regions, was called together.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

The Council approved a new interim government (Transitional Authority/Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan; TISA) and President Hamid Karzai to head it.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

Former king Zahir Shah returned to his country but had no official status.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

However, he held the title Father of the Realm, which was not heritable.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

Presidential election 2004 and development since Loya jirga adopted a new constitution on January 4, 2004.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

Presidential elections were held on October 9, 2004 and Hamid Karzai was declared the winner on November 3 and he began his five-year term on December 7, 2004.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

In September 2005, 249 representatives were elected to the lower house of the National Assembly.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

Mistaken to be beaten, the Taliban gathered forces and reactivated in the spring of 2006.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

In the summer of 2006, ISAF's area of responsibility was extended to the entire country and it was transferred to NATO leadership and was also attached to it by US counterterrorism forces.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

As of 17 July 2011, security responsibility is gradually shifting to Afghanistan's own forces.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

But the uncertainty is heightened by two figures prominent to President Hamid Karzai being subjected to a terror attack.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

His brother Ahmed Wali Karzai was shot on 12 July and his advisor Jan Mohammad Khan on 17 July, leaving MP Mohammad Hashem Watanwal also killed.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

[3] Sources Literature Sergejeff, Andrei.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

History of Afghanistan.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

Gaudeamus in 2011.


Question: When did Afghanistan become independent?

History of Afghanistan

ISBN 978-952-495-219-4 * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

Snow is a spongy substance formed by ice crystals and air that is produced in clouds and rains on the ground in winter depending on whether the air temperature is cold enough.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

Pure snow is white and opaque.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

The snow forms a white, insulating cover on the surface of the earth that remains snow for as long until temperatures rise above zero and the snow melts into water.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

If snow doesn't have time to melt in summer, it will gradually harden into a glacier.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

Many animals have adapted to the snow climate, and the success of their wintering is influenced by the amount of snow.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

In addition, the winter coat of many animals is white, and snow also protects the wintering of several plants.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

On human activity, snow has both positive and negative effects.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

Snow cover makes it easier to navigate, for example, skiing or kicking sled, as well as allowing many winter sports and other pursuits, but on the other hand, a sake snowball may cause traffic chaos and slips.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

Snow Genesis Snowflakes are born in rain clouds.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

Other than the tropics, all significant rain, except seepage, is produced in a frozen state.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

At the top of the rain cloud, where temperatures are 12 to 40 degrees below freezing, there are small ice crystals and supercooled water droplets.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

From these grow snowflakes.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

When flakes grow big enough that the upward motion that formed the cloud no longer carries them, they fall into lower layers of air, where it is typically warmer and wetter.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

At the same time they grow.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

If the flakes fall long enough in air with temperatures above zero, they will partially melt into sleet or entirely into waterfall.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

[1] The shape of snow crystals depends on temperature and humidity both at their place of birth and on their way to the surface of the earth.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

Because of the structure of ice crystals, they can become hexagonal plates, needles or branching stars.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

[1] In the 1930s, Japanese Ukichiro Nakaya grew snowflakes on the end of rabbit hairs in a laboratory and systematically studied the effect of humidity and temperature.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

Near zero, plates emerged, at 3—12 degrees of frost pillars, then again plates, and at colder than −22 degrees, pillars again.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

The less moisture there was, the simpler the crystals became.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

Multibranched, star-like patterns require high humidity.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

[2] Under suitable conditions, snow crystals stick together and form snowflakes that may contain hundreds of snow crystals entangled together.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

According to the poetic saying, never two identical snowflakes are born.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

In the United States, the saying is combined with Wilson Bentley, who photographed more than 5000 snowflakes on the same stock over 46 years, each of which was different.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

[3] Whether the sentence is true depends on the definition of a snowflake.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

Individual crystals created in similar conditions, for example small ice needles, are quite similar in appearance.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

But when multiple snowcrystals form a single snowflake, there are so many options in the structure that it is considered highly unlikely that two exactly the same would arise.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

[4] The fall rate of snowflakes depends on their shape and degree of fogging, and is typically 1—2m/s.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

[5] This can be compared to the rate at which raindrops fall, 6—7m/s.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

[6] Along with snowfall, small amounts of snow crystals also form as ice fog develops.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

New snow crystals also form in abundance when atmospheric water vapor settles into new ice crystals directly on an existing snow or ice cover, or, say, a window glass in frost (the genesis of the sprout).


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

The development of surface debris can also alter the physical properties of the snow surface (for example, albedo, ski glide on snow), although on the amount of snow it usually has only a small effect.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

If snow cover increases to the surface as a result of liquid cloud or fog droplets impacting the air flow, it is the formation of frost.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

Especially in the fells, mountains and by the sea or open waters (rivers, lakes), fogging is a very significant way of creating snow cover.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

Snowfall and snowmelt Snow usually falls when temperatures are on the side of freezing or very close to zero degrees Celsius.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

Even if temperatures near the ground are above zero, snow can still fall because at the top it's colder at the height of the clouds and snow doesn't always have time to melt on the way.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

In mid-latitude continental regions, snow falls most in conjunction with a warm front.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

In the context of the cold front and in the aftermath, only snow showers fall.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

On the sea and coasts, on the other hand, the impact of open water on snowfall brings the greatest amounts of snow, as the pyre caused by the lake or sea can persist for days.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

[7] On continents, snow deafness occurs when cold air flows into the middle and upper parts of the troposphere and the stability of the atmosphere decreases.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

The instability caused by warming of the atmospheric boundary layer is not significant in winter because the sun does not exactly warm the snowy ground.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

Under high pressure, a fog cloud or cumulus cloud may form in the inversion layer from which small amounts of snow fall.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

In severe frost, snow crystals can also become oxen from water vapor without a cloud drop stage, especially on mountain and polar glaciers.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

[8] Very small and shiny crystals created by oxen are called diamond dust.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

Strong wind and suitable temperatures generate snow shocks, allowing snow that has recently fallen on the ground to re-emerge into the air.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

When snow begins to melt, liquid water binds to ice crystals as long as its proportion is small enough.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

When the proportion exceeds 2— 5% of the volume, water begins to be released.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

Even after that, all melted snow doesn't drain away as water; some of the snow sublimates into water vapor and some can freeze again.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

There is a distinct diurnal variation in snowmelt in spring: most snow melts in the afternoons between 12pm and 6pm.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

At its fastest, snow can melt at 3—4 millimetres per hour.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

[9] In a region of cool climate, winter rains store in the snow cover, take off in spring and cause flooding.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

At most, 15— 30% of the year's precipitation is stored in snow cover.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

[9] Snow cover, its study and measurement Unless snow falls on the ground immediately melts, it forms a snow cover on the surface of the earth until it melts or evaporates.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

If all the snow does not have time to melt in summer and accumulates more in the ground every year, it will gradually harden into glaciation.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

The polar and mountain glaciers are born like this.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

Snow on the ground is a mixture of three substances, ice crystals, liquid water and moist air.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

The shape, size and bonding of the crystals change all the time.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

There are three species of alteration, or metamorphosis: melt-freeze metamorphosis, decomposing metamorphosis, and constructive metamorphosis.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

The latter forms sugar-like deep scab, [10] when moist air is oxen on the surface of old ice crystals.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

In early spring, the surface of the snow layer melts during the day but freezes at night and forms a hard crust.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

Snow also changes under the influence of wind or when packed under traffic or, say, a charger.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

[11] In the snow survey, snow on the ground is classified into six categories of snow: tundralumi, taiga snow, mountain snow, or alpine snow, prairie snow, marine snow, and intermittent, or ephemeral snow.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

The classification is based on the physical properties of the snow, that is, thickness, density, thermal conductivity, number of layers and proportion of liquid water.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

[12] Tundralum is cold and thin and consists of deep deaf and wind-compacted crystals.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

The wind also compresses prairie alum, but it has less deep scrub.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

Taigalumi is deep, porous and consists almost solely of deep deaf.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

Sea snow is characterized by the fact that it melts and freezes several times during the winter and less deep scrub is formed than in other types.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

[13] Powder snow, meanwhile, is snow with calm air and severe frost, which has not yet been affected by metamorphosis.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

[14] When snow persists in the ground for longer than one winter, it begins to be called overflow snow.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

In glacial science, it is divided into two more parts: when partially melted and recrystallized snow has a density of 0.5 g/cm3, it is called névé snow, while the designation of even denser, usually over 0.55 g/cm3, snow is firn.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

If the firn condenses further it already becomes ice.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

The transformation from névé snow to glaciation typically takes 25—100 years.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

[15] Even ice in glaciers always have air bubbles; air bubbles from samples drifted from thousands of years old glaciers can be used to study the atmospheres of past times.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

In the 20th century, the amount of snow that fell was mostly measured so that snow was allowed to accumulate on the rainfall gauge, where it was melted and poured into measuring glass.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

This was done to know the amount of water, or mass, of the snow that had fallen.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

In the 21st century, weighing rain gauges, which can measure the same thing without melting snow, have become common.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

Traditionally, the depth of snow has been measured with a snowstick with a dimension—scale on the stem.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

The new methods are a kind of sonar based on ultrasound.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

[16] However, the change in snow depth is not the same as the sum of the amount of snow precipitated during a month, for example, because snow while on the ground is condensed, melted and transformed from its crystal structure.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

Remote sensing of snow is the only way to determine changes in snow cover over large areas.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

Snow density refers to the ratio of the amount of water in the rain to the change in snow depth.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

The traditional estimate used in meteorology for this ratio is 1:10, making a millimeter of water equivalent to a centimeter of snow.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

However, snow density varies depending on the weather situation.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

The most spongy snow falls with phases of −15 degrees, but the decisive one is not just the temperature near the ground but throughout the life of the snowflake, starting with the cloud.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

Also, wind speed affects snow density.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

[17] The water value of snow indicates how thick a layer of water corresponds to a layer of snow of a certain thickness.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

The density of snow affects its water value.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

Water value can be measured using a pressure sensor or snow scale.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

[18] Contrary to what is often believed, snow mass does not increase with protective weather (temperature rises above zero degrees).


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

Instead, snow density changes and more dense protective snow can accommodate more of the same space than less frequent frost snow.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

So if, say, there is a lot of freezing snow on the roof and the temperature rises to the plus side, the mass of snow on the roof will not increase any more.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

In order for the mass to increase, more snow or water must come to the roof.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

As far as water is concerned, it usually only speeds up the melting of the snow on the roof, so the snow load can, on the contrary, be even lightened.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

[19] [20] Snow and climate Snow cover reflects significantly more of the sun's shortwave radiation than bare earth.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

Newly rained clean dry snow reflects 80— 90% of the radiation, compared with a bare earth reflectance, or albedo, of about 10%.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

Snow therefore affects luminosity in winter, as due to its high reflectance it almost doubles the amount of light.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

On cloudy obscure days of the autumn side, fresh snow illuminates significantly.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

In sunny weather, the glare of the spring sange is intense as the sun's rays reflect off the pitch.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

As snow melts, wet and perhaps dirty snow will no longer reflect light as strongly.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

[21] On Earth there is snow continuously in polar and mountain glaciers.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

Of the snow cover that melts annually, 98% is in the Northern Hemisphere.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

[22] In March, snow cover extends slightly south of the southern tip of Finland in Sweden and Norway on average.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

The snow area boundary continues from south of Estonia to Belarus and curves further south in the middle of the Eurasian continent.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

The mountainous regions, especially the Alps, the Pyrenees and the Balkans, as well as the Anatolian highlands of Turkey, but also the higher regions of Greece and Italy have their own snow ranges.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

In Asia, snow cover extends from Siberia to the Himalayas and covers northern parts of China and Japan.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

In North America, the permanent snow limit extends approximately to the Great Lakes.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

Winter in the southern hemisphere changes to spring in September, and when there is snow in addition to Antarctica in the southern part of South America, as well as in the highlands of New Zealand, South Australia and South Africa.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

[23] Overall, in mid-winter, 49% of the ground surface in the Northern Hemisphere is generally covered with snow, but global warming has caused the snow-covered area to decrease by as early as 7.5% between 1922 and 2005.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

Satellite observations have been able to show a decrease in snow volume in the Northern Hemisphere between 1966 and 2005.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

The decline has been most pronounced in spring and summer.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

It reduces reflection, which again accelerates warming.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

[24] It is estimated that snow cover will decrease in Finland due to climate change, especially in the south and early and late winter, but in mid-winter and in the north the change is not so great.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

In Central Finland, snow volume in the 2050s is estimated to be around 70% of the average for the years 1971—2000.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

If greenhouse gas emissions continue to grow today, at the end of the century Finland would only have snow around 30% of the current rate.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

[25] At the same time, the amount of snow is forecast to increase in those areas where today precipitation remains low due to the cold.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

The increase and decrease of snow cover roughly follows the boundary at which, in the modern climate, the average temperature in March is -20 °C.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

[26] So the amount of snow is increasing mainly in the northeastern parts of North America and Eurasia, namely Alaska and Siberia.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

[27] In mountainous areas, avalanches occur most often on slopes with a slope of at least 35 degrees (on a metre journey the slope drops 70cm).


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

Rough, boulder-strewn ground and sparrow vegetation prevent slides in early winter.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

The risk of sliding is greatest when snow becomes layered, and the lowest layers are sugar-like grits snow.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

[28] Avalanches also occur in Finland, where avalanche forecasts are currently being made for six fell areas.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

[29] Snow cover falling on ice slows down the thickening of lakes and sea ice.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

Snow-covered ice thickens about 50% slower than snowless ice at the same temperatures.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

[30] The importance of snow to biota Many animals have adapted to the snow climate, and the success of their wintering depends on the amount of snow.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

For example, a woodland hare swaps its fur for white winter hair to protect itself from beasts, and the seals' small chicks are white-haired.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

[31] The sensors of the snowshoe hare's rear paws are covered by long stiff hairs and spread out like snowshoes so that the snow is better suited to the animal.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

Wolverine's feet have a similar structure.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

Rieko and other grouse birds of the north know how to wrap a shelter from the snow hole to which they retreat in severe frost.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

[32] Urpians, creatures and splinters can also stay inside the snow.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

On a clear and calm frosty night, the snow inside can be 10, even 40 degrees warmer than on its surface.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

[33] Under the snow cover, the temperature remains close to zero, so small rodents can move there without frostbite.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

Snow also hampers the movements of roden-eating beasts.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

[34] Snow is also exploited by the Saimaa ringed ringed fish, which gives birth to its young under snow shelter.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

[35] Elks gather in small herds during thick snow cover and stay in a small area, as moving would consume too much energy.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

[36] Also, reindeer change their grazing areas according to the development of snow cover: when in high places the acquire thickens in late winter, the reindeer move to graze on thin snowy low-lying woodlands.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

In April, they rise hard along the fells to the windbreak canvases, where the sun will soon melt the first blazes.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

[37] Snow protects plants living in the land boundary from frostbite, and multi-species leaf rosettes overwinter green beneath it.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

In spring, light comes through a thin layer of snow that alwayshaired sparrows are able to contact even before the snow melts.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

[38] Snow also contributes to the spread of plant diseases such as snow mold, [39] plant frostbite, and spring dryness.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

In the mountains, the height of the crop may be determined by snow cover.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

Some plants such as pine and spruce stew their seeds on the snow and spread to new areas as the seeds drift with the meltwaters.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

[40] The Importance of Snow to Man Moving in terms of human movement from snow is both a benefit and a harm.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

When skiing, sleigh or kicking sled, it takes advantage of the fact that snow reduces friction.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

The friction of snow depends on its temperature.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

[9] Snow also covers small irregularities in the ground surface, allowing for example in the forest to move better on skis or snowshoes than when walking on molten land.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

For wheeled traffic, snow is a disadvantage, and in road traffic, snow slipperiness is reduced by plowing, sanding or salting.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

The aqueous solution of road salt remains liquid up to −6 degrees, so the colder it is necessary to resort to sand.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

Salt is occasionally applied to the road even before the snowfall begins to prevent snow from sticking to the road.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

[41] [42] Especially in areas where snow is not accustomed, a sudden surge can cause traffic chaos.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

For example, in early 2009, English air and road traffic was in trouble for several days due to 5 to 30centimetre snow inflows.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

[43] [44] A pyre caused by moving low pressure in mid-latitudes rarely lasts more than 12 hours, but the open sea can create a continuous snowstorm for days, as in early December 1998 when 140cm of snow fell in the Gävle region in Sweden.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

[45] Slip accidents are a problem even in those areas where snow is accustomed.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

In Finland, for example, about 50,000 slipping accidents are recorded each year, of which 10 to 20 are fatal.


Question: How many conditions does rain have?

Snow

Pedestrians slip in different weather situations than car traffic, such as when it snows on ice.