Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

[13] Leino was still elected to parliament in the July 1948 elections from the SKDL lists, but he distanced himself from the SKP.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

Already in April 1948, Leino, who had stopped paying SKP membership dues, was expelled from the party for good on 15 May 1950.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

Failure to comply with party obligations, unsuitable lifestyles, “internal decay” and choosing a “prescribed path of defiance” were cited as reasons for the decision.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

The following year he was already said to be “in the hands of the Titoans”, although in reality he had already retired from politics and other professional life.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

[14] Arvo Tuominen has judged Leino's greatest tragedy because he tried to be a good communist and patriotic Finn at once.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

In Tuominen's view, the difficulty of reconciling the two issues led to a violation of both principles in the case of Leino, until patriotism became increasingly victorious in critical situations.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

[15] The shrugged memoirs Leino returned to the public eye for the last time in 1958 with a memoir book The Communist as Minister of the Interior.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

The manuscript of the book had already begun to be drafted several years earlier, and the then managing director of Tammi, Untamo Utrio, and Kalevi Sorsa, a publishing officer, participated in editing it.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

The book was prepared with Leino by a small working group regularly meeting at Utrio, and the majority of the publishing company's staff were considered unaware of the matter.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

However, the memoir project was revealed due to Leino's own imprudence just before the book's planned public release.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

[16] The intended publication of the book coincided with a timely period, as relations between Finland and the Soviet Union had run into a hypersensitive state due to the nighttime frost crisis.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

The book became a vessel for politics with the Agrarian K-line using it as its percussion weapon against the Fagerholm government.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

Maakana, the party's main-voice supporter, wrote that “anti-Soviet circles” would have edited the book to serve “certain political purposes.”


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

The Kansan News, the main voice supporter of SKDL, also strongly attacked the publication of the memoirs.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

The magazine claimed the work to be ghostwriter about the communist-hated Arvo “Son” Tuomi, who was nonetheless completely unaware of the whole book venture.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

On 21 October 1958 Viktor Lebedev, the Soviet ambassador, had left Finland a few weeks earlier and Ivan Filippov, the chargé d'affaires who then held his post, visited Prime Minister Karl-August Fagerholm on 21 October 1958 to demand that the government block the publication of Leino's memoir work.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

Filippov considered the book's content offensive to the Soviet Union.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

Fagerholm replied that the government could not do anything by law, because the work had not yet appeared and there was no prior censorship in Finland.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

For his part, Filippov declared that unless Leino's book appeared, the Soviets would draw “serious conclusions” on the matter.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

Still during the same day, Fagerholm invited CEO Untamo Utrio to join him, and after negotiating, Tammi decided to withdraw the book from sale until further notice.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

Upon Leino's death, the publishing rights of the work passed to his family.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

At Soviet insistence, the edition of the book was eventually destroyed.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

Almost all the books − about 12,500 copies − were burned in the Roihuvuori heat center in August 1962, except for some pieces that were secretly taken for the use of political actives and later became valuable collecting goodies.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

The failure to publish the book resulted in a loss of several million marks for Tamme.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

According to Jarl Hellemann, Tamme's then deputy director, the uproar raised from Leino's memoirs was completely disproportionate compared to the book's substance, and the book became the first casualty of Finnish foreign policy self-censorship.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

[17] Nor did Prime Minister Fagerholm, who read the book recently, think that it “did not contain any remarkable things”.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

[18] The book was not republished until 1991.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

After Leino's death in 1962, it was revealed that an amplified 153-page abridgement of his memoir (the original work has 262 pages) was being circulated, which had already been sold at a heavy price for hundreds of copies.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

The case developed into a lengthy and complex lawsuit, in which the main perpetrator was sentenced to more than one year in prison and compensation of 20,000 marks (in 1963 money) to Leino's heir.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

[19] Private life Leino's private life was often turbulent.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

The most famous of his three marriages ended in divorce was the last with Hertta Kuusinen.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

Leino was born from his first marriage to Alli Simola, who later became known as a radio journalist, Lieko Zachovalová.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

Born from his second marriage to Ulla Smedberg, Olle Leino (born 1932), a journalist and writer now living in Sweden, has published a biography book on his father Who was Yrjö Leino (Vem tackar Yrjö Leino) in 1973 and a book One More Letter (Ännu ett brev) in 1990, in which he describes the relationship between his father and Hertta Kuusinen.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

Yrjö Leino died in Kivelä Hospital on 28 June 1961 almost forgotten.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

His final years were marked by ever-worsening alcoholism and downright hysterical fear that he might be tried to murder.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

He is buried in Honkanummi Cemetery.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

His mother Mandi Leino died only slightly before her son, the father having died as early as 1938.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

Leino also contributes to the book Martta Koskinen case (1976), in which Olle Leino analyses the activities, imprisonment and execution of the last woman executed in Finland, spy Martta Koskinen.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

The attitude of Communists and Soviets towards Yrjö Leino still years after his death was illustrated by the fact that in 1973 they tried to prevent the publication of a biography work written by Olle Leino.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

However, President Urho Kekkonen did not intervene in any way, even though Viktor Maltsev, the then Soviet ambassador to Helsinki, had complained to him about it.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

Critical sentiment towards the publication of Leino's biography was also evident in the other direction, on the right wing of the SDP.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

[20] Leino in fiction, Heidi Köngäs has written Hertta Kuusinen's novel Hertta (Otava, 2015) and co-directed and scripted together with Taina West and Leena Virtanen a television play about the same theme, Red Triangle (2015), in which Yrjö Leino plays a central part.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

According to Könä, the novel and television series are interpretations of what may have happened.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

[21] In Jari Tervo's wartime novel Ohrana (WSOY, 2006), a character resembling Leino appears, from whom the codename Väinämöinen is used.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

[22] Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hellemann, Jarl| title = Publisher's Perspective.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

Writings on the edge of literature| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 1999| isbn = 951-1-16145-8| pages = 56}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Leino, Be| title = Who was Yrjö Leino| location = Helsinki| publisher = Tambi| year = 1973| version = (Vem tackar Jö Leino.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

Ett mänskligt och politiskt dokument om Finland kommunistiske inrikesminister 1945—48, 1973.)


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

Translated by Raija Mattila| isbn=951-30-2653-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Leppänen, Veli-Pekka| title = Ohrana to Opposition.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

Communists in Helsinki 1944—1951| location = Helsinki| publisher = People's Federation of Education KSL| year = 1994| isbn = 951-9455-41-8}} References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Leino, Ole| title = Martta Koskinen case| location = Helsinki | publisher = Otava| year = 1976| version = (Det kommer en bättre dag.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

Ett dokument om finländska medborgaren Martta Koskinens liv och död, 1976.)


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

Translated by Eero Mäntäri| isbn = 951-1-04150-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Leino, Olle| title = One more letter| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 1990| version = (Änu ett brev.


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

Hertta Kuusinens dramatiska liv och hennes kärlek till Yrjö Leino, 1990.)


Question: Who were the Leino prisoners?

George Leino

Translated by Eeva Heikkinen| isbn = 951-0-16575-1}} On topic elsewhere Category:Finnish Interior Ministers Category:Persons influenced by SKDL Category:Persons influenced by SKP (1918—1990) Category:Finnish journalists Category:People born in 1897 Category:Those who died in 1961 Class:Key articles of screening


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Autism refers to childhood autism in Finnish medical diagnostics with the diagnosis number F84.0 in the International Classification of Diseases ICD-10 still in use.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[1] Under the planned diagnostic reform, with the introduction of ICD-11 in 2018, [2] autism is to be incorporated into a broader set of behavioural traits known as autism spectrum disorder.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[3] Childhood autism, despite its name, is a lifelong condition.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

The cause of autism, as with most other autism spectrum disorders, is unknown.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

However, a majority of researchers consider genetic predisposition to be a key contributing factor, [4] although other explanatory hypotheses have been put forward.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

One such is the hypothesis of a regulatory disorder of the brain's neuronal glutaminergic messaging system, [5] which would cause brain cell-destroying [6] [7] [8] [9] autoimmune type brain inflammatory condition [10] [11].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Autism, in addition to immune disorders [12] [13] [14] [15] [16], is also associated with endocrine abnormalities [17] [18] [19].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Autism is diagnosed on the basis of social interaction abnormalities observed in behavior.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Disorders in language development are common.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

The nervous system of autistic people is usually loaded faster than usual.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

In addition, other people's actions and other stimuli from the environment are typically experienced more strongly than usual, causing the need to withdraw into a calm environment and stay in one's own conditions or trigger stress through the so-called stimuli, that is, repeating and looking special by behavior.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Autistic people also often have sleep-valve rhythm disorders.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Difference between autism and developmental disability Autism is not a developmental disability, although the majority of autists have a definite intellectual mental retardation.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[20] [21] [22] Across the autism spectrum, the prevalence of mental retardation is approximately 15%.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[23] There are also pervasive learning disabilities.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

If autism is accompanied by an intellectual developmental disability or lack of speech, the person is classified as having severe disability.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

In the United States, autistics with severe disabilities are often referred to as low functioning or Low Functioning Autism, or LFA, to refer to the fact that a person needs constant help to cope with basic everyday activities.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

In the case of other autists in Kanner, the term High Functioning Autism, or HFA, is referred to as Mild Autism, which is often translated as Mild


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

However, the use of these names is not well established, and mild autism in the United States is also often referred to as Asperger's syndrome.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Prevalence An estimated 0.2% of Finns aged 5—7 years had been diagnosed as autistic by Kanner in 2005.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[24] The figure is consistent with the latest estimates of the population share of Kanner autists with developmental disabilities or pervasive learning disabilities.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[22] In addition, approximately 0.1% of children have been given a diagnosis of Asperger's syndrome even though they have childhood autism.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[25] According to the most recent studies based on population screenings, Kanner's autism prevalence would be as high as 0.4% to 0.9%.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[26] [27] [28] The extent of the estimate bracket is mainly due to the fact that some studies have sent potential autists to further studies more sensitively than others.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

The lower the required minimum score threshold obtained from the screening form is set, the higher percentage of Kanner autistic patients will be found in the diagnostic follow-up study following screening.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[29] [30] The most extensive population screening studies have concluded that 0.9% would meet Kanner's criteria for autism.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

If the geographical and historical prevalence of autism has not changed, there would be around 50,000 Kanner autists in Finland in that case.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

However, only about 3,000 people with a diagnosis of childhood autism are estimated in Finland.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[24] Diagnosis has been rare, especially among older baby boomers, and autism is still poorly identified.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

The prevalence of autism is about three times that of women in men.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[31] Articles in Science and Finland's Kuvalmagazine, among others, suggest that autism has not increased much in the 21st century among pupils receiving special education.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

The prevailing perception that autism would have increased in this set is mostly due to the fact that recording autism as a cause of special education multiplied in the 21st century in statistics of children receiving special education in the United States.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Many children receiving special education have multiple diagnoses, only one of which is recorded in the special education statistic.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

In the 21st century, the practice of recording a pupil as autistic rather than being recorded as intellectually mentally disabled or suffering from epilepsy has become common.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[32] [33] [34] [35] [36] Causes and generalization The root cause of Kanner syndrome has been attributed to structural or functional changes in genes or chromosomes, or combinations thereof [37] [38].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

In general, it has been about the interaction of more gene changes [39], for example a mutation of the CNTNAP2 gene inherited from the mother is associated with a delay in language development [40].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

A large number of gene mutations that cause autism have been found and what they all share is that they are rare [41].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Launched in the early 2000s, the International Autism Genome Project has focused in recent years on the study of chromosomal mutations causing autism spectrum conditions, of which hundreds have already been found [42].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Some of the structural or functional changes in DNA are inherited from parents and some occur to the person himself during fetal development [37] [38].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

There is research evidence that in a proportion of autistic people, symptoms are due to their exposure during the fetal stage to anti-inflammatory antibodies found only in female members of autism trait genera.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[43] There have also been indications that autism is associated with the destruction of brain cells by inflammation.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[6] [7] [8] [9] The inflammatory condition in the brain of autists is very similar to inflammation associated with Alzheimer's disease.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[44] According to a study published in 2014, the most extensive study to date, the brain inflammatory condition associated with autism would be caused by genes in microglia cells in the brain being coupled to produce an inflammatory response.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[10] [11] There are also indications that gut microbes would exacerbate or even cause autism-related symptoms.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[45] A study published in 2010 suggested that control viruses and especially polyoma viruses were found in the brains of autistic people, [46] which have been found to cause autoimmune diseases.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[47] The proportion of genetic and epigenetic processes due to environmental factors is estimated to be almost 50% in Kanner autism due to genetic changes inherited from parents [48] [49] [50].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Structural or functional changes in foetal genes may be caused, for example, by maternal diseases, medication or exposure to air pollution [49] [50] [51], so-called hormone disruptors [52], DDT [53] or other pesticides [54] [55].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

According to some studies, for example, taking SSRIs commonly used in the treatment of depression during early pregnancy quadruples the risk of having an autistic child [56] and those used to treat epilepsy, bipolar disorder, migraine, depression and schizophrenia [57] ingestion of sodium valproate during early pregnancy up to sevenfold increases the risk of giving birth to a child with autism spectrum disorder [58].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Animal studies have also found that sodium valproate causes similar abnormalities in the fetal brain that occur in autistic patients [59].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Maternal asthma, allergies, metabolic syndrome, autoimmune diseases [60] and prenatal complications [49] [50] increase the risk of autism in the born child.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

For example, celiac disease [60] and a viral infection requiring maternal hospitalization in early pregnancy triple the risk of giving birth to an autistic child [61].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Untreated fevers [62] in the pregnant mother and exposure of the baby to viral infection [63], untreated jaundice [64] and birth in winter [64] also increase the risk.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

It has also been found that major negative upheavals that cause stress during pregnancy, such as divorce, death of a spouse or falling ill of a family member, may increase the likelihood that the fetus will develop autism.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Stress was experienced more strongly by those women with a short-allele variant of the serotonin transporter gene that increases the incidence of autism.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[65] Estimates of the prevalence of Kanner syndrome have risen drastically over the past decades, as it was still thought in the early eighties that the syndrome would be only 0.4 per cent of the population.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[66] Diagnoses have also become considerably more common.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Some of the increase in diagnoses can be explained by the fact that autists with developmental disabilities currently receive not only a developmental disability diagnosis but also an autism diagnosis [67] The differential diagnosis for psychosis and personality disorders has also become clearer [68].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Other suggested reasons for Kanner's syndrome becoming more common include increased antidepressant use [69] [70] and the increasingly late transition of paediatric activity [71].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Physiological base Many symptoms of autism spectrum are associated with a regulatory disorder of the brain's neuronal glutaminergic messaging system, which is accompanied by an increase in receptor function of immunocytokines that cause inflammation.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[5] This causes an autoimmune type of brain inflammatory condition associated with autism, [10] [11] which destroys brain cells.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[6] [7] [8] [9] A recent study has indicated that the brains of autistic children usually develop abnormalities already in the womb.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[72] A large Danish study completed in 2012 found that the concentrations of cytokines controlling the immune system of newborn autism were half as low as in babies in the control group.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[12] [13] Magnetic images taken from the brains of autistic children often show abnormalities as early as six months of age.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[73] In addition, Kanner's autistic brains grow significantly faster in the first year of life than in the general population.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Later, however, the gap levels out so much that autistic brains are only slightly larger than those of the mainstream population as an adult.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[74] Almond syrup in autistic children increases to its final size significantly earlier than in children in the mainstream population, [75] which may explain the anxiety in some autistic children.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[76] Furthermore, female Kanner autistic brains have been found to be markedly more manly in structure than that of other women.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[77] In one study, granylocytes responsible for immune defense in autistic subjects produced three times fewer infection-fighting agents than in the control group, and the number of stress-expressing free radicals in granylocyte mitochondria, i.e., energy-producing units had a one-and-a-half-fold increase.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[14] [15] A higher number of t-lymphocytes known as killer cells have also been found in the body of developmentally retarded autists, whose numbers appear to correlate with functional control disorders.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[16] In some autistic people, cellular autophagy disorder has also been observed in some patients with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

In this disorder, cells are incapable of destroying their defective mitochondria.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[78] Adrenocorticotropin and beta endorphin levels associated with acute stress response are often significantly higher in autistic individuals than in the general population [79] [80].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

It has also been noted that cortisol levels in autistic children are normalised after joint play more slowly than other children [81].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

A preliminary study in the blood of autistic children, conducted in 2013, found significantly more nerve growth factor controls.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[82] Studies have found that receiving multiple sensations considered normal tunes the autonomic nervous system of autistic children to prolonged hypertension in up to 70% of autistic children [83].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

On the other hand, perhaps 5% to 10% of autistic children represent a type of nervous system that responds exceptionally muffled to external stimuli [83].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

These children with a high stimulus threshold may exhibit a tendency towards self-harming behavior.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[83] Researchers suspect that over- and under-sensitivity of the nervous system may be caused by abnormal functioning of the almond nucleus and temporal lobes.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[83] Autism also has frequent or sometimes exceptions in the secretion of the sleep hormone melatonin, according to studies.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

According to one study, the majority of autists would have abnormally scarce melatonin secretion [84], which may explain their poor sleep quality [85] and the fact that they often have atypical sleep-valve rhythm [84] According to another study, only a portion of autistic sleep difficulties would be explained with missing melatonin secretion [86].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Another explanatory factor may be that the autistic brain contains fewer RORA genes (retinoic acid-related orphan receptor-alpha gene) that regulate the body's circadian rhythm [87] [88].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

The diurnal variation of cortisol also differs from the mainstream population by having lower levels of cortisol in the morning and higher cortisol levels in the evening.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

On the other hand, Kanner's autistic cortisol profile also shows remarkably large individual differences.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[89] A general estimate suggests that one in three autists would have higher blood serotonin levels than normal [90].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Children with Kanner syndrome may have blood serotonin levels up to six times that of other children [18].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

High levels of serotonin in the brain lead, among other things, to an increase in the pain threshold [91].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

One study suggests that high levels of serotonin in the blood were correlated with the intensity of autistic traits [18], but no clear evidence of such an association has been found from other research [92].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Serotonin reuptake inhibitors also do not reduce autistic behavior [93] [94].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Manifestation There are externally noticeable indications of autism usually even before the first year of age such that the child makes eye contact, reacts to the pronouncement of his name, smiles and imitates other people less often than other children [95].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Children with autism rather than eyes slightly more often look at another person's mouth and body, as well as objects visible in the environment.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

The rate of reduction in looking into the eyes at 2—6 months of age correlates with the severity of autism symptoms that occur later.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[96] [97] [98] [99] Kanner syndrome symptoms exhibit a significant amount of individual variation.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

How the syndrome appears outwardly depends on, among other things, innate temperament and intellectual level of development.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Some of the outwardly visible symptom usually disappears or diminishes considerably as age accumulates.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

The development of an individual is impossible to predict, but the prognosis is generally better for those who no longer have significant linguistic or cognitive problems by the age of five [100].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Monaural Kanner syndromes are representatives of the mainstream population more strongly visually, auditively (vocally) or tactilic-kinesthetically oriented, that is, one sense dominates observation and thinking more clearly than the others.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

The phenomenon in question is called monaural.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Visual orientation, or visual dominance, is most common, as is the case among the general population.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Monaural may be associated with significant structural abnormalities in the brain.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

For example, the brain area responsible for visual permanent memory at Temple Grandin is nearly 60 percent longer than normal.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[101] Autistic Stress Sensitivity Autistic people have an overactive nervous system [102].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Because of this, a very wide range of situations, activities and environments cause overcrowding and the need to rest and apply to environments and situations that do not overload.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[103] [104] Exposure to a burdening sensory stimulus may result in overbreathing and resulting fatigue, headache, nausea, feeling light-hearted or an asthma attack [105].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

The Theory of Intensive Experience (engl.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

the intense world theory) developed by brain researcher Kamila Markram has compared the condition caused by autistic overload to a condition caused by the combined effect of a hangover and several nights supervised in a row.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[58] The factors causing exhaustion may be related, for example, to the sensory load coming from the environment or the load caused by the presence and communication of other people.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

It is also possible that the intensity of sensations and emotions, which are part of the spectrum of autism, already predisposes itself to exhaustion.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

If the burdensome life situation persists for a long time, it may result in a disease of sympathicotonia, namely dysautonomia [106] [107], depression [104], chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia or obsessive-compulsive disorder [108].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Problems of social interaction An individual's intellectual development largely determines how autism-related social interaction problems appear in practice [109].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Kanner autism appears outwardly often first and foremost as a scarcity or abnormality of social interaction.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Autistic interest appears not to be intrinsically directed at other people, but towards the physical environment and its object world [110].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Autists may appear unempathetic, but some studies suggest they experience even stronger empathy than the mainstream population [111].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Some degree of facial blindness is commonly observed in autists [112].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

People with autism often avoid eye contact because it feels bad.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

This can be explained, according to studies based on brain imaging, by the fact that eye contact overstimulates the brains of autistic people.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[113] [114] Kanner autists have also been observed to read eye facial expressions worse than the mainstream population [115].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

On the other hand, they have been found to observe more of a speech partner's mouth than eyes [116].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

The oral region has been found to transmit information about the emotional state of another person as that of the eye region [117] [118].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Some autists' own facial expressions and gestures are rigid or difficult to decipher.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Language development disorders (linguistic specific difficulty) Approximately half of children with autism diagnosis either do not learn to speak at all or have low speech [119].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

An estimated 25-30% of autistic children learn individual words at first, but later stop speaking altogether [120].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Also typical is that autists learn to speak later than normal, and that their linguistic communication is often deviant or lacking, at least at some point in childhood.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

For example, ecolaly, or echo speech, which means the repetition of individual words or phrases, is found in autistic people.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[121] Echo speech is an early stage of speech learning in an autistic child, in which the child answers a question by repeating it because he has already realized that speech involves reacting with speech [122].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Echo speech also occurs when the child is so overloaded that he has lost his ability to understand speech [123].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

An autistic child may also practice language by repeating phrases they hear on television, for example [124].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Kanner found that echo speech usually ceases around the age of 5 and 6 while the child's language becomes more communicative and spontaneously learns to correctly use personal pronouns [125] [126].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Autists may also speak with a peculiar tone of voice.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Speaking autists learn grammar more slowly than other children on average [127], and may understand metaphorical expressions very concretely [128].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Even speaking autistic people may have great difficulty understanding speech and expressing themselves verbally.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Even expressing such basics as hunger, thirst and fatigue may not be linguistically successful.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[129] Although many autistic people have difficulty understanding and producing spoken language, they may have the ability to understand and produce visual language [130].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Some autists communicate best through signs and images [129].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Linguistic problems probably stem from the fact that hearing stimuli processing is often fundamentally impaired in autistic children [131].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Many autists, moreover, hear other people's speech so intermittently that speech as if there is a lack of words in between.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[132] In addition, some autistic people who suffered from not speaking as children report afterwards that they understood speech well as when they were children, but did not remember words when trying to speak for themselves.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Some, in such situations, come up with their own words to replace those that do not remember to mind.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

On the other hand, there are also findings that people often assume an autistic child understands speech better than he actually understands [133].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

If a person has difficulty in self-expression, being understood, and understanding others, he becomes frustrated when others are unable to understand his needs and he is unable to understand the motives of others.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

This often leads to everyday situations appearing surprising and even frightening [134].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

A person who misunderstands language may vent their frustration in several ways, such as aggressive or otherwise perceived as disruptive behaviour [133].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Sensorism, or sensorism, is a type of gesturing and repetitive behaviour typical of autists, such as waving fingers or wobbling the upper body.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Stimulation usually occurs in situations where an autistic person becomes excited or stressed [135].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Stimulation (engl.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

stimming or self-stimulatory behaviours) is actually a misleading term, as stimming is often more about calming the autonomic nervous system [102].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Kanner syndrome is usually associated with a significant amount of so-called autistic stress sensitivity [102], which manifests itself in such a way that a wide range of social situations and physical environments cause overcrowding and the need to relocate to situations and environments where the no load is created [103].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Studies have found that stigmatization restores the overexcited nervous system back to normal state [83], perhaps because the constant repetition of the same movement causes the brain to secrete endorphins [136] [137].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Animal studies have found that stimming lowers body cortisol levels [102] Negatively coloured expressions such as stereotyped or restricted behaviour or “motor mannerisms” are sometimes used for sensorism.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Sensory hypersensitivity Sensitivity usually causes major problems in autistic people [138].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Over-sensitivity and undersensitivity of the nervous system may be caused by abnormal functioning of the almond nucleus and temporal lobes.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[83] Sensory hypersensitivity leads at worst to the fact that it is impossible for a person to participate in work or even normal family life [139].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Autists can have senses so sensitive that loud sounds, bright lights or touch even cause pain.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Exposure to a burdening sensory stimulus may result in overbreathing and resulting fatigue, headache, nausea, feeling light-hearted or an asthma attack [140].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Sensory overload (engl.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

sensory overload) induced stress may even lead individuals with developmental disabilities to engage in aggressive behavior, as they are not always able to restrain their behavior or think about the causal relationships of things.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Furthermore, due to their lack of ability to communicate as well as lack of sensory hypersensitivity knowledge with fellow humans, autists easily find themselves in a situation where they are exposed to stimuli that cause sensory overload.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

If there is no way out of the situation, it may lead to the autist screaming, breaking objects or shoving others [141].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Temple Grandin, one of the world's most famous autists, has described the exposure of an extremely sound-sensitive person to noise as an experience akin to a human being tied to track rails as a train approaches [142].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

The sensitivity of the tactile sensation may limit dressing because clothes or their seams easily feel distractingly uncomfortable.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Washing can also be difficult because the water pressure in the shower may feel painful and the changes in skin temperature caused by taking a shower unpleasant.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Sensory irritation associated with a haircut may also seem unpleasant.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Taste-sensitivity and oral sensitivity also often place major restrictions on diet, as it may be difficult for an autistic person to find food that would feel pleasant to eat.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

The physical sensations associated with emotional experiences may also be remarkably more intense than those of the mainstream population, and certain strong emotions, such as disappointment, may seem like downright penetrative pain.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Sensory sensitivity in autism may also manifest itself as qualitative.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Many are capable of hearing, for example, high-frequency sounds that fall outside other people's hearing threshold [143].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Sensory undersensitivity and sensory adjustment Autists may also experience undersensitivity in certain senses.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

People with autism often have a higher than usual pain threshold meaning they sense pain less intense than other people [58].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

In addition, an estimated 5% to 10% of autistic children represent a type of nervous system that responds exceptionally muffled to all external stimuli [83].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

These children with a high stimulus threshold may experience self-harming behavior because it is the only means for them to achieve the sensory experiences they crave.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[83] Self-harming behaviour is common, especially in people with severe developmental disabilities [144].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Some autists are able to consciously suppress or intensify their auditory perceptions and they always fade away other people's speech to prevent overload [143].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Gender identity Autistic people often perceive conventional gender roles for themselves as uncharacteristic and artificial [145].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Twenty percent of female respondents to an international survey conducted in 2012 said they perceived themselves as something other than representative of their biological sex.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

In addition, it was found that atypical gender identity was positively correlated with a person's autistic traits, especially in women.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[146] [147] Positive characteristics of Kanner syndrome are often associated with special talent.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

For example, autistic people have a better tone than the mainstream population [131].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

In addition, autists often have good visual memory [130].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Maria Asperger Felder, an Austrian doctor in psychiatry specialising in diagnosing autism, has stated that autists are trustworthy and extremely honest.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

In addition, they are often loyal and selfless friends.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[148] The peculiarities of autism with developmental disabilities It can be very frustrating for a person if he is unable to express his own needs, as this often leads to those needs not being met.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

This may lead to feeling bad and angry behavior.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[149] Non-speaking Kanner autistic people sometimes experience self-harming behaviour which may be caused, for example, by a person trying to violently defeat the sensation of pain in his body.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Such behaviour may be misinterpreted as a symptom of autism, leaving appropriate medical care unreceived.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[150] Autistic people with developmental disabilities may experience difficulties in jobs requiring ideation, application and decision-making.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

When designing leisure, they often lack initiative and creativity.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[121] The thinking of autists with developmental disabilities may be very black and white and compromise may be perceived as difficult.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Some people strongly express their emotions and negative emotions may cause aggressive behaviours, especially in childhood, such as shouting, slamming things or rushing at other people.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Completely surprising rage seizures may be caused by frontal lobe epilepsy [151].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

According to the Classification of Diseases, you may encounter the fact that learning individual skills relies on mere detailed memorization without internalising the whole connected to the things to be learned.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

For example, an autistic person might learn to brush their teeth on their own initiative in front of a bathroom mirror with green toothpaste, but they don't know how or dare to brush their teeth if the toothpaste changes color to another.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[152] The aforementioned phenomenon may also be explained by communication problems, since it may be impossible for a person who has no understanding of speech to find out, let alone internalise the ultimate purpose of brushing their teeth.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

If the color of the toothpaste changes to another, it is practically impossible for a person who understands speech and written language to know that a new color paste is also intended for brushing teeth.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Syndrome Comorbidities and Diseases Sleep disorders Autistic people have more frequent sleep disorders than the vast population and are also more severe.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Based on studies, it appears that well over half of both deeply and mildly autistic individuals would experience difficulty falling asleep or premature awakening [153].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Children with autism also experience less REM sleep than other children.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

This may explain why they have problems with memory and learning so commonly.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Against the background of lack of REM sleep, there may be disturbances in the metabolism of serotonin, glutamate and acetylcholine.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[154] Autism also has frequent or sometimes exceptions in the secretion of the sleep hormone melatonin, according to studies.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

According to one study, the majority of autists would have abnormally scarce melatonin secretion [84], which may explain their poor sleep quality [85] and the fact that they often have atypical sleep-valve rhythm [84] According to another study, only a portion of autistic sleep difficulties would be explained with missing melatonin secretion [86].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Another explanatory factor may be that the autistic brain contains fewer RORA genes (retinoic acid-related orphan receptor-alpha gene) that regulate the body's circadian rhythm [87] [88].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

In addition, the circadian variation of cortisol that paces the sleep rhythm differs in autism by having lower levels of cortisol in the morning and higher levels of cortisol in the evening [89].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Epilepsy Follow-up studies have found that approximately one third of Kanner autists who have been diagnosed develop epilepsy by the age of thirty [155].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Cognitive Disorders Autists have experienced problems with automatic memory processing of information [156].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Autistic people with developmental disabilities may have difficulty remembering, for example, the order of daily activities, such as whether to put on socks before or the other way around [152] Autists also often have difficulty spontaneously recalling events that have occurred to them [157].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Problems with episodic memory may make it difficult to have longer conversations if things talked about 10 minutes ago, for example, have already disappeared from the mind.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

This phenomenon might explain the semantic stray found in autists.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[158] The bulls of automated memory processes are also associated with the fact that autistic people often have a poor sense of time.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Half of Finns diagnosed with autism in Kanner are estimated to have intellectual developmental disabilities and around 25% are estimated to have extensive learning difficulties [24].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

However, in light of the latest studies, it appears that the overall actual incidence of the aforementioned conditions, including undiagnosed cases, would be significantly lower.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

According to the most comprehensive prevalence study to date, only about 25% of people with Kanner syndrome would experience pervasive learning difficulties or varying degrees of mental retardation [159].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

However, the majority of autistic people with normal intelligence have a mild specific difficulty in mathematics [160].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Other neurological comorbidities Other possible neurological comorbidities include attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder ADHD [161] and Tourette syndrome.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Comorbidities caused by chronic overload A prolonged neurologically burdened life situation may lead to depression or sympathicotonia, i.e. dysautonomia [106] [107] [151].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Dysautonomy may, in turn, be accompanied by chronic fatigue syndrome, fibromyalgia or obsessive-compulsive disorder [108].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Other Comorbidities Many researchers believe that 70-90% of children on the autism spectrum would experience severe gastrointestinal symptoms [162] [163] such as gluten intolerance similar to celiac disease [164], intestinal infections or leaky bowel syndrome [163].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

However, according to an extensive Swedish study published in 2013, people with autism spectrum do not experience celiac disease more often than the rest of the population [165].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

However, there are plenty of indications that excluding gluten from the diet reduces autism symptoms in some autistic individuals [166].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

In addition, it has been found that the intestinal bacterial strain in autistic children is different from that of other children [163].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

It is possible that substances entering the bloodstream from the leaking intestine interfere with brain activity.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[163] However, according to a study published in 2015, a gluten-free diet did not affect the behaviour or sleep of the children involved in the study [167].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Recent studies have suggested that there are too many Sutterella bacteria in the intestines of autistic children [168].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Disruption of the development of the bacterial strain due to, for example, the abundant use of antibiotics might also explain a type of autism in which a child first develops normally, but then inexplicably retreats into his own world.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

In such cases, clearly more intestinal bacteria of the genus “clostridium” have been found, some of which produce neurotoxins [169] [170] [171].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Bacteria from the genus “Clostridium” produce propionic acid, among other things, which has been found to interfere with energy metabolism in the brain as well as immune system development.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Propionic acid has also been found to cause autism symptoms in laboratory animals and may turn genes off.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[171] Treatment and rehabilitation in Kanner syndrome is a priority to protect against excessive overload that may lead to exhaustion [105], depression [104] or other health problems.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Various rehabilitation programs have also been developed, typically aimed at learning interaction skills and, occasionally, a reduction in “autistic behaviour”.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

It was previously thought that autism rehabilitation would be more effective the earlier it is started, but research suggests rehabilitation started at the age of three is no more effective than started at age five [172].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Furthermore, the effectiveness of autism rehabilitation varies a lot between different rehabilitators.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Some benefit very much from rehabilitation, while some do not benefit at all even from extremely long-term rehabilitation [173].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Those who have been most rehabilitated have not received longer or more intensive rehabilitation than others [174] [175].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Those who benefit from rehabilitation receive the greatest benefit already in the first year of rehabilitation [176].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Researchers have concluded that the overall efficacy of autism rehabilitation has not been established [177].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

In the 1970s, Norwegian-American psychologist Ole Ivar Lovaas developed behavioural therapeutic intensive rehabilitation for the treatment of autism, referred to as Lovaas' method or ABA (Applied behavior analysis).


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Lovaas' method typically relies on a multi-year period of therapy in which the child is rehabilitated for up to eight hours a day between ages 2 and 5.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

As a reward, tidbits and preferable sensory experiences are usually used, such as the possibility of tracking the rotation of the humb.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

The method is based on the behavioristic perception of humans developed in the early 20th century, and in particular B.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

to F. Skinner's conditioning-based mechanistic learning theory.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

According to Skinner, unwanted human behaviors became rewarded and unwanted behaviors became a punishment to follow.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Lovaas' method was still used as punishment in the 1990s, even physical violence such as slapping, pinching, blocking and electric shocks [178].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

The use of punishments was later dropped, but there are still efforts to stop unwanted behaviour, such as finger-wagging, through strict prohibitions and orders.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

However, the Judge Rotenberg Center for special education in the state of Massachusetts, formerly operated as the Behavior Research Institute, continues to use health-damaging, powerful electric shocks as a form of punishment, even though the educational institution has been identified by a UN special observer punitive practices contrary to UN provisions prohibiting torture [179] [180] [181].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Other forms of rehabilitation for the treatment of autism include TEACCH (Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication Handicapped Children) and Portage Early Rehabilitation, which is based on the Portage Early Education rehabilitation program developed in the United States [182].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Sensory integration therapy (SI therapy), developed in the 1950s, is also offered, but research suggests that it is non-effective [183].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

An estimated 60% of autistic children diagnosed in Finland received TEACCH, Lovaas or Portat rehabilitation in 1996. [184].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Some physio, activity, music, holding, psycho-riding and play therapy were also used to treat autists [184].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

If an autistic child has a developmental disability or pervasive learning disabilities, they are covered by special education.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Pictorial and manual communication aids have been developed for autistic people with speech difficulties over the past three decades, resulting in improved social functioning and reduced challenging behaviours. [185].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

In autism classes, it has also been found that a one-hour rest break in the middle of the day often contributes significantly to autistic performance.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Support activities for the development of communication in an autistic child often involve individualized speech therapy aimed at improving the basic capabilities of speech and language use [184] [186].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Images, written language, gestures and signs are also commonly used especially in the early stages of therapy [187].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Speech therapy also expands the repository of words and concepts, as well as practicing the drawing of conclusions.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Kela grants parents of children classified as having severe disabilities an increased treatment allowance to purchase private speech therapy.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Others can receive free speech therapy at least in some Finnish municipalities.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[186] A small number of autists with severe disabilities are offered the opportunity to participate in post-primary school independent living coaching training aimed at improving the quality of life of those who are educated and equipping them for the most independent life possible.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

In addition to reading subjects, the three-year coaching training includes strengthening the individual way of communicating and practicing basic everyday skills such as trading and personal hygiene.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[188] Some people with severe disabilities as adults continue to live with their parents and some in supportive housing or dormitories aimed at autistic people.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

As recently as the 1990s, it was common for a proportion of working-age autistic people unable to live independently to be placed in mental hospitals or nursing homes [189].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Drug and Other Chemical Therapy No drug effective for the core symptoms of autism has so far been found [190] [191], but if autism is associated with gluten intolerance, excluding gluten from the diet is likely to reduce autism symptoms.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[165] [166] Research results on the hormone oxytocin have been conflicting, but one study found that inhaled oxytocin spray activated parts of the brain responsible for sociability.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[192] Experiments in mice have also yielded promising results with suramin, developed in 1916 and used in the treatment of sleeping sickness.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[193] [194] Melatonin may alleviate the long fall asleep delay in autists, but on the other hand it increases the interruption of night sleep [195] [196].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Antipsychotics such as Risperidone and haloperidol have sometimes been used to treat aggressive or suicidal behaviour in autists with developmental disabilities, but the latest research has shown that their efficacy is even lower than placebo with regular use [197].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

In the United States, autists have also been prescribed SSRIs because it has been believed they reduce stimmating, or repetitive behaviour.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

However, once scientifically investigated, it has been found that serotonin reuptake inhibitors are no more effective than placebo.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[93] [198] Theories of Kanner Syndrome Theory of Intense Experience (The Intense World theory) Professor Henry Markram of the University of Lausanne and brain researcher Kamila Markram have suggested that autistic behaviour is fundamentally caused by the fact that autistic emotions and sensations are many orders of magnitude more intense than in the general population.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

This, they say, is because some parts of the autistic neural network respond exceptionally strongly to stimuli.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[199] Kamila Markram has described the overexcited state of the nervous system of an autistic child by comparing it to the condition caused by the combined effect of a hangover and several nights supervised in a row.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

In such a state, the lights would begin to dazzle the eyes, and the sounds penetrate the ears.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Retreating from interaction to stimming and exploring special interests might be the only way for a young child to escape an overly flashy and alarming world.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

A strong influx of sensory stimuli may thus result in the child not learning to speak in a timely manner, which can be fatal for the child's development.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[58] Theory of masculinisation of autistic brains Professor Simon Baron-Cohen presented in 2002 the theory that states of the autism spectrum would be associated with brain masculinisation [200].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

The theory has received confirmation from the latest research findings, as in 2013 it was discovered that the brains of women on the autism spectrum are more manly than those of other women [77].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Additionally, in 2014, it was found that boys on the autism spectrum have nearly 40 percent less testosterone to an estrogen-converting enzyme, as well as more than one-third fewer estrogen-beta respeptors, which have beneficial effects on emotional life and memory functions.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

No similar research has yet been conducted for girls on the autism spectrum.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[201] Relationship of linguistic abilities to autism and intelligence Language development problems used to be considered the most central symptoms of autism.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

However, a study published in 2014 found that language development disorders don't exactly correlate with the quantity and quality of other autism symptoms.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[202] [203] Linguistic development problems may, however, interfere with human intellectual development, according to one theory.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

In his 1934 work Thinking and Language, Russian developmental psychologist Lev Vygotski suggested that only learning language enables rational and abstract thinking, since symbols and concepts are essential tools in structuring the world.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[204] Also in the 1960s, Hans Asperger suggested that an autistic person who does not learn to understand language would be left intellectually disabled.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[205] Theory of slow development of theory of mind developed in the Eighties, it was thought that the behaviour of autistic children would result from the fact that they would not have had time to develop the ability to understand that other people do not automatically know everything that the child himself does not know know, and other people's sensations, preferences and ways of reacting are not necessarily the same as the child himself.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

The theory began to gain notoriety in 1985 with the publication of a study showing developmentally disabled children outperformed other developmentally disabled children on a test measuring the theory of mind [206].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

However, many researchers believe that poor performance on tasks measuring theory of mind is not due to an individual's autistic traits, but from difficulty in understanding complex grammatical structures.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

The mastery of the theory of mind has also been explored since then by non-linguistic experimental methods.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

According to one study, children with autism would not do well either in a test of mind theory based on pictorial expression [207].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Another study showed that autistic patients performed as good as that of children with only linguistic difficulties but not autism, and the third study showed that children with autism cope better than neurotypical children [208] [209].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Subgroups of Autism The psychiatrist Eugène Minkowski, who debated autisticism in 1926, divided those who behave autistically into two groups.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Imagination-rich autists (autism riche) were passive, but they had an intense imaginary world.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Imagination-poor autists (autism pauvre), on the other hand, might have achieved good results in demarcated areas, but they had poor imaginations.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[210] In the 1980s, English psychiatrist Lorna Wing devised an autistic tripartition based on social behaviour.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

The linguistic capacities of reclusive autists are often low and often require constant help and care.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Reclusive autists live in their own world, according to Wing, and find it very difficult to function in constant interactions with other people.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Changes in everyday routines create unease in them.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[211] Autistic people in the inactive group have a better ability to communicate than isolationists and are better equipped to learn things and control their behaviour, but sudden changes are difficult for them to tolerate too.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

In turn, the behavior of active and specialized autists may appear uninhibited or self-centered.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[211] In the US DSM-5 classification published in 2013, the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (Autism spectrum disorder) combines subgroups of autism including Asperger's syndrome without a designated diagnosis [27].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Diagnostic criteria For the diagnosis of autism, objective metrics such as brain imaging or blood tests are not yet utilized, although attempts are being made to develop them.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

For example, a US research team published a study in 2017 in which 98 per cent of children with autism spectrum aged 3 to 10 years of age in a study sample could be correctly classified as having autism spectrum.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Similarly, 96 per cent of neurologically typical came to be classified correctly.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

The result was based on concentrations of 24 different metabolites determined from a blood sample that expressed oxidation stress and methylation that regulates gene transcription.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[212] [213] Kanner syndrome is expressed in the International Classification of Diseases under code number F84.0 [214].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Diagnostic criteria for the syndrome appeared in the International Classification of Diseases in 1992, when the tenth version of the classification was published [215].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

The United States has its own classification of diseases, whose criteria require more symptoms to obtain a diagnosis than the UN International Classification of Diseases [216].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

The name name for Kanner syndrome was removed in 2013 from the United States Classification of Disease and was replaced by the name Autism Spectrum Disorder, which includes both Kanner and Asperger's syndromes.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Kanner syndrome is characterized by anomalous development before the age of three.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

The deviant activity characteristic of Kanner syndrome is manifested in mutual social interaction and communication.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

In addition, the syndrome involves narrow-minded, reclusive behavior.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

In particular, a small autistic child may be very attached to some unusual, typically hard, object.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

The child may experience great resistance, for example, to changes in the place of home decorative items or furniture.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Later formulaic interests may include, for example, dates, routes or schedules.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[121] However, part of the medical profession does not comply with the diagnostic criteria, but may, for example, refuse diagnosis on grounds which are not present in the disease classification [58].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

It is also common for doctors to give patients too mild diagnoses.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

There are indications that up to forty percent of those diagnosed with Asperger's would have Kanner syndrome [25].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

An Asperger diagnosis may even be given to autistic people with developmental disabilities [217].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Individual diagnostic criteria: A.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Abnormal or delayed development before the age of three in at least one of the following three areas: the understanding or production of speech in social communication through the development of selective social attachment relationships and mutual social interaction functional or metaphorical play B.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

A total of at least six symptoms from the three groups listed below: 1.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Qualitative abnormalities in mutual social interaction in at least two of the following areas: unable to purposefully use eye contact, facial expressions, body position and movement to regulate social interaction is not able to establish partner relationships corresponding to the same age level of development, where mutual sharing of hobbies, activities and feelings, lack of socioemotional reciprocity appears as an impaired or deviant reaction to others' feelings, or a lack of behaviour in the application of the social environment according to, or poor integration of social, emotional and communicative behavior does not spontaneously seek opportunities to share joy, hobbies or achievements with others (the presentation of one's interests to others is absent) 2.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Qualitative abnormalities in communication in at least one of the following areas: delay in the development of spoken language or complete absence of speech without an attempt to compensate for deficiency with alternative modes of communication such as gestures or mimicry significant impairment in ability to initiate or maintain reciprocal conversation with others through formulaic and repetitive use of language or characteristic use of words and wording in the absence of spontaneous imagining plays and social imitation plays appropriate to the level of development 3.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Restricted, repetitive and formulaic manners, interests and activities in at least one of the following areas: an all-encompassing deepening into one or more different formulaic and limited objects of interest, or in one or more content the compulsive need to observe specific non-expedient daily habits and rituals formulaic and repeating motor mannerisms, for example, hand or finger waving or twisting or complex movements of the whole body incessant deepening of toy elements such as toy scent, surface material, sound or vibration Symptomatic atypical autism (F84.11) means that the person does not meet all the conditions set out in point B [121) ].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Misdiagnoses given to autists Many people with Kanner syndrome have been given a diagnosis of Asperger's syndrome instead of an autism diagnosis [218].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Autists, particularly in the active and specialised subgroup, are also easily mistaken for mentally ill [211].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Among others, Wendy Lawson, an internationally renowned psychologist specialising in autism, received an incorrect diagnosis of schizophrenia at a young age instead of an autism diagnosis [219].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Many other autistic people have been given an incorrect diagnosis of schizophrenia [220] because they might seem odd.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

The possibility of misdiagnosis is enhanced by the fact that a disease classifiable diagnosis of schizophrenia can be given on the basis of “emotional mismatch” and disconnected or hopping speech or behaviour, even if the person does not experience delusional sensations, paranoia or experiences supernatural events [221].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Some autists may experience transient reactive psychoticism, but it is not usually due to schizophrenia, but due to stress induced autonomic nervous system overactivation, which is triggered after the stress factor is removed.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Autism spectrum diagnosis reform In the latest version of the US DSM Classification of Diseases, the diagnosis of Kanner syndrome has been replaced by a new ceiling diagnosis of Autism spectrum disorder, which also covers Asperger's syndrome as well as more specifically an unspecified pervasive developmental disorder (PDD-NOS), atypical autism and Heller's disease [222].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

The new diagnostic criteria came into use in the United States in the spring of 2013.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

The new classification of diagnostics is divided into three different degrees of severity according to the severity of the symptoms.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

However, such scale-thinking has been criticized as artificial.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

For example, according to Heta Puki, rainbots with autism do not rank among the most profoundly autistic at one end and the mildest autistic people at the other end, but the autism spectrum consists of a number of very different combinations of strengths and weaknesses [103].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Among other things, the purpose of the reform was to eliminate the diagnostic confusion caused by the fact that the use of the PDD-NOS diagnostic label had begun to spread beyond its official indication when doctors began to give it instead of Asperger's and autism diagnoses [223] [224].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

The diagnostic reform also included an increase in sensory hypersensitivity [225] and the differential diagnostic provisions which had caused confusion in the DSM classification were removed [225] [226].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

The forthcoming next version of the International ICD Classification plans to establish consistent criteria with the revised DSM classification [227].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

The International Autism Movement for Autism Rights has drawn attention, among other things, to the continued use in healthcare of unethical methods such as denial of sensorism and exposure to sensory overload [228].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Since 2005, the annual Autistic Rights Day has been celebrated in the world and, since 2008, World Autism Awareness Day under the UN.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Famous Kanner Autists Finnish rock musician Kari Aalto [229] [230] American ethologist, inventor and author Temple Grandin (diagnosed with Kanner syndrome) Finnish rock musician Pertti Kurikka [229] [230] Australian psychologist and non-fiction writer Wendy Lawson ( diagnosed with mild Kanner syndrome) Matt Savage, jazz musician (diagnosed at age 3 with PDD-NOS) [231] Australian author Donna Williams (diagnosed with mild Kanner syndrome) British visual artist Stephen Wiltshire (diagnosed with Kanner syndrome) University of Cambridge According to Simon Baron-Cohen, director of the Centre for Autism Research, and Erik H. Erikson, a developmental psychologist, there is reason to suspect that Albert Einstein was also on the spectrum of autism [232] [233].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Since Einstein didn't learn to speak until three years after turning [234], an accurate diagnosis would be HFA, or mild Kanner syndrome [235].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Autism in popular culture Popular culture has increasingly dealt with autism.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

The first film to feature a clearly autistic person was Rain Man.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

The title character of the film's developmental disability, despite his developmental disability, has phenomenally fast headnumeracy skills.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Kim Peek, who inspired the film's screenwriter, possessed no mathematical gifts in reality, but his memory and ability to perceive visual entities and music were completely transcendent.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Although Peek's behaviour had many autistic traits [236], he did not have a diagnosis of autism spectrum, but rather his abnormalities were associated with FG syndrome, which causes congenital brain malformation [237].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Mika Kaurismäki's film “Sonic Mirror”, completed in 2008, seeks a common language of autism and rhythm, in a scene shot in Switzerland where amateur musicians with autism play with a Nigerian percussion group. [238] [239].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Etymology of the word autism The Autism word is derived from the Ancient Greek self-meaning word autos (ατός).


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[240] The word was coined by the Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler in 1916 to describe inability to contact, immersion in one's own worlds, and the perceived indifference towards other people [241].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

The word began to be used in the 1940s to describe what behaviour associated with Kanner syndrome looks like when viewed from the outside.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

History In a clinical sense, the word autism was first used in 1911 by the Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler, who used it to refer to schizophrenic patients who tended to retreat to their own circumstances.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

In 1926, Grunja Suhareva, a Russian doctor of neuropsychiatry, published the first internationally peer-reviewed scientific article on autism and Asperger's syndrome [242] [243].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Suhareva's study was a case study of six boy children, and she called the syndrome schizoid psychopathy.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Asperger's later used the term “autistic psychopathy”.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Psychopathy previously referred to hereditary traits of character and behaviour which were detrimental to the person himself and led to social conflict [244].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Schizoid, on the other hand, refers to a reclusive personality.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

The word autism in its modern sense was introduced by Hans Asperger in 1938 at the University Hospital of Vienna.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

He adopted the concept of autistic psychopathy from Bleuler's terminology in his German-language lecture on child psychiatry.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[245] After reading Asperger's descriptions of autism, Lorna wing called similar symptoms Asperger's syndrome in her own work in 1981. [246].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Austrian-US child psychiatrist Leo Kanner also used the word “autistic” to describe autism as a disease of young children.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Because Kanner felt that autism could be detected as early as the first two years of age, he named the syndrome “early childhood autism.”


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

The syndrome in question is also known as Kanner syndrome.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Kanner published a study in 1943 describing eleven children with early childhood autism [125] [247].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

In 1968, Kanner published a new study reporting the life course of those individuals after childhood [125] [247].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Autism researcher Lorna Wing discovered that both Kanner and Asperger's syndromes both describe autism. [248].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

In 2015, it has been discovered that the Kanner Clinic worked in 1938 by a couple of researchers who had previously worked at the Asperger's Clinic in Vienna.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

However, Kanner, in his studies, has never referred to Asperger's work.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

[249] Autism was increasingly beginning to be studied, particularly in Anglo-Saxon countries, but also in Japan [250].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

It still took more than twenty years for autism to be added to the International Classification of Diseases.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

In the United States, autism was added to the country's own National Psychiatry Diagnosis Classification in 1980 [251].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Autism entered as a neuropsychiatric syndrome into disease classifications in the 1980s.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Autism had previously been considered a psychosis, or mental illness, for which a wide range of therapies have been tried to cure.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Childhood growth conditions were thought to cause this disorder.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

The German-American self-taught psychoanalyst Bruno Bettelheim developed a form of rehabilitation based on psychoanalytic human perception aimed at autistic children after World War II, which was later found to be unworkable.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Attempts have also been made to rehabilitate autists in the past by psychotherapy, which has been found to be ineffective.


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

Autism only found its way into the Finnish classification of diseases in 1987 under the name Early Childhood Autistic Disorder [252].


Question: Is the change in genes visible in a person's appearance?

Autism

At that time, autism was still considered psychosis, or mental illness, which meant severe reactive, or mental disorder caused by childhood growth conditions.