Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

They are characterized by encounters between teams representing different league levels and games in which a team playing at a lower league level predominantly beats a better team.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

[83] International club competitions The Champions League is the most prestigious football competition for club teams in the world.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

It will determine the title of the best club team in Europe.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

The competition has been held since 1956, initially under the name European Cup.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

Spanish teams have won the competition most frequently, a total of 17 times.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

[84] Europe has also played the European League, the Cup Winners' Cup and the European Supercup.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

[85] Championships for club teams from other continents include the African Champions League, the Concacaf Champions League, the Asian Champions League, the Oceania Champions League, and the South American Copa Libertadores and Copa Sudamericana.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

[86] The World Club Teams Championship has been held since 1960.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

The competition was played for a long time only as a match or pair of matches between European and South American champions under the name Intercontinental Cup.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

Today, the champion clubs of the six Continental Confederations participate in the competition.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

Even since then, the competition has been dominated by European and South American teams.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

[87] Greatest Players History The first top players to become famous were already playing at the beginning of the 20th century.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

For example, Arthur Friedenreich, a Brazilian who played for the national team between 1914 and 1930, rose to country fame and is called football's first superstar.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

[88] Olympic football of the 1920s served as a precursor to World Championship competitions, with the best players becoming idols for spectators.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

Uruguay was one of the most successful teams at the time and among others its captain José Nasazzi was well known.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

[89] The stars of Brazilian success teams in the 1950s and 1960s were especially Pelé, who has been called the greatest player of all time on many occasions [90] and Garrincha, who was a popular funnyman loved by Brazilian fans [91].


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

Around the same time, Lev Jašin, who played for the Soviet team, has been chosen as the best goaltender of the 20th century.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

[92] The stars of the 1960s also included Eusébio, who was born in Mozambique and represented Portugal, who was one of Africa's first superstars.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

He won the Portuguese League Goal Kingship seven times.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

[93] Jairzinho, a striker who played for Brazil's world champion team in 1970, is considered one of the best wide receivers.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

[94] Johan Cruijff of the Dutch team that played in the final two World Cups was voted the best European player of the 20th century.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

Cruijff has also been heavily influenced by contemporary playing style.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

[95] The brightest star of the 1980s was Diego Maradona, who captained his country's Argentina team to the world title in 1986 and is regarded, along with Pelé, as one of the best footballers of all time.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

[96] In the 1990s and 2000s, top players have come from even more countries, and in these two decades the Golden Ball award for the best player in the world has been handed out to as many as 13 representatives of different countries.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

[97] Player of the Year awards French magazine France Football presented the prestigious Golden Ball to the best European player of the year from 1956 to 2009, and was selected player of the year by the International Football Association starting in 1991.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

The awards were merged in 2010 into the International Football Association Golden Ball Award.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

More than one year, one of these awards has been won by Alfredo Di Stéfano, Johan Cruijff, Franz Beckenbauer, Kevin Keegan, Karl-Heinz Rummenigge, Michel Platini, Marco van Basten, Lothar Matthäus, Ronaldo, Zinédine Zidane, Ronaldinho, Cristiano Ronaldo and Lionel Messi.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

Both Cristiano Ronaldo, and Lionel Messi have won five times.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

[98] [99] Best Players lists Various bodies have published lists of the best footballers of all time.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

The list of “World Cup all-time top-100 footballers” published by English newspaper The Guardian in 2014 was compiled by 40 international football experts.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

The top 20 names on the list based on their 1930—2010 World Cup performance were Pelé, Diego Maradona, Franz Beckenbauer, Ronaldo, Zinédine Zidane, Johan Cruijff, Lothar Matthäus, Gerd Müller, Garrincha, Michel Platini, Eusébio, Paolo Maldini, Jairzinho, Bobby Charlton, Xavlton I, Romário, Just Fontaine, Paolo Rossi, Dino Zoff and Bobby Moore.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

[100] In 2004, Pelé released his FIFA 100 list, which, in his opinion, featured the 125 best surviving footballers.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

[101] The list includes 50 players who have already finished their careers at the time of the appearance of the roster and two women players, each of them US.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

Brazilian players had been named the most (15) and French and Italians the second most (14).


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

[102] Playing Fields Football can be played on almost any open and level location, and in poor countries often play it on rather low quality pitches.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

Top-level matches are almost invariably played in well-maintained stadiums that can accommodate thousands of spectators.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

The largest football stadium in the world is Rŭngrado in Pyongyang, DPRK, with a capacity of 150000.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

[103] However, the stadium hosts football matches irregularly, the largest football stadium in regular use is the 120000 -seater [103] Yuva Bharati Krirangan in Calcutta, India.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

The largest stadium in Europe is Barcelona's Camp Nou, which has a capacity of 98934.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

Camp Nou is the home stadium of FC Barcelona.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

[104] Other large large stadiums in Europe include Luzhniki in Moscow, which seats 84745 spectators, Signal Iduna Park in Dortmund with a spectator capacity of 81264.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

[105] and the Estadio Santiago Bernabeu in Madrid with a grandstand capacity of around 82000.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

In the 1950s, the largest football stadium in the world was the Maracanã Stadium in Rio de Janeiro [106], with an estimated audience record of 200,000 spectators.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

[107] The crowd record was created during the championship deciding match of the 1950 World Cup tournament, Uruguay—Brazil.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

However, currently the stadium has a capacity of only 74000.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

Another notable and currently largest stadium in Latin America is the Estadio Azteca in México, where the 1970 and 1986 World Cup finals have been played.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

The biggest football stadiums in the world Football as a phenomenon Football is a very popular sport around the world even among spectators.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

For example, matches in the German Bundesliga during the 2008—09 season saw an average attendance of over 40000 spectators.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

[108] The matches are attended not only by ordinary spectators, but also by very avid fans, called ultras.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

They are fans who follow most of their favourite's matches and are particularly strong in favour of their own.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

The shadow side of the endorsement is hooliganism, which includes, among other things, grandstand fights.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

This problem has been associated with ultra-supporters.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

[109] In some cases, hooliganism leads to fatalities.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

At the Heysel Stadium in 1985, Liverpool fans attacked Juventus supporters and 39 people were killed in the crowded scene that followed.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

[110] Known football accidents include the Hillsborough accident [111] due to mistakes by police officers supervising the match [111], in which nearly a hundred spectators were lost [112].


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

Top football is a sizeable business financially and it costs tens of millions of euros for transfers of top players.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

Some entrepreneurs have bought clubs, such as Russian billionaire Roman Abramovich, who bought Chelsea FC in 2003 and acquired many expensive players for the club without sparing his funds.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

[113] Successful teams receive plenty of money from, among other things, viewer revenue, ancillary products and shirt advertisements, costing up to twenty million euros in some cases [114].


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

Despite their earnings, top clubs have at times been saddled with hundreds of millions of euros in debt.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

[114] Money is also involved in betting, which is constantly increasing.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

[115] Football and footballers have been the subject of several non-fiction books, history books, biographies, journals and films.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

Notable football magazines include France Football and FourFourTwo.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

[116] The most famous of football-themed comics is Buster.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

Films about football are often entirely seedy, but some films are the subject of well-known matches.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

An example of the latter is the film The Miracle of Bern, the main event of which is the final of the 1954 World Cup, known by that name.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

[117] Football themed console games FIFA (series) Pro Evolution Soccer See also Footballers Beachfutis Futsal Non-FIFA-board CP football Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jussi Eskola; Kalle Lamberg; Mitri Pakkanen; Mikko Partanen; Juha Tamminen| title = King football| publisher = Interopean Publications| year = 2003| id = ISBN 9789519792071}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Heinonen, Markku et al.| title = Millennium Stars — Football| publisher = Intereuropean Publications| year = 1999| id = ISBN 9519792015}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kanerva, Juha & Arponen, Antti O.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

& Tikander, Vesa & Heinonen, Markku| title = Football Giant| publisher = WSOY| year = 2003| id = ISBN 9789510270370}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Radnedge, Keir| title = Great football book| others = Translated by Niemi, Marko| publisher year = ReadMe.fi| = 2017| id = ISBN 978-952-321-478-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Siukonen, Markku & Rantala, Risto| title = All about sports| location = Helsing| publisher = Otava| year = 2006| id = ISBN 951-1-20841-1}}, Finnish Ball Federation 2015 References Intense Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Foer, Franklin| title = Football World Explanation.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

Shaky theory of globalization| others = Translated by Petri Stenman| location = Helsinki| publisher = Like: Finnish peace defenders | year = 2005| version = (How Soccer Explains the World: An Unlikely Theory of Globalization, 2004) | id = ISBN 952-471-426-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Galeano, Eduardo| title = Football in light and shade| location = Helsinki| publisher = Nemo| year = 2014| version = (El futbol a sol y sombra, 1995.)


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

English. Jukka Koskelainen.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

2. reformed institution| id = ISBN 978-952-240-246-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Gifford, Clive| title = Football: king| others = Translated by Sakari Hyrkkö| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2006| version = (Fantastic Football, 2006) | id = 9BN 51-0- 31696-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Nick Hornby| title = Hornankattila| publisher = WSOY| year = 2000}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Itkonen, Hannu & Nevala, Arto (ed.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

) | title = King Game Fields.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

Football as a local and global phenomenon| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 2007| id = ISBN 978-952-495-003-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kanerva, Juha etc.| title = Football Giant| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2003| | id = ISBN 951-0-27037-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Kuper, Simon| title = Journey around the ball| others = Translated by Sami Sillanpää | location = Helsinki| publisher = Nemo| year = 2000| version = (Football Against the Enemy, 1994) | id = ISBN 952-5180-26-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Frost, Jukka & Lahtinen, Esko S.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

(ed.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

) | title = 11 & ball.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

Football in life, life in football| location = Helsinki| publisher = Book group| year = 1997| id = ISBN 951-26-4268-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Saarinen, Jussi Antti & Melan, Mikael (ed.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

) | title = Socrates' plunge butt.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

Football Philosophy| location = Jyväskylä | publisher = Docendo| year = 2014| id = ISBN 978-952-291-044-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Wilson, Jonathan| title = Game of games.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

History of football tactics | others = Translated by Tommi Hannula| location = Helsinki| publisher = HS books| year = 2010| version = (Inverting the Pyramid: The History of Football Tactics, 2008) | id = ISBN 978-952-5557-34-3}} On the topic elsewhere.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

Ball Federation.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

(PDF), International Football Association.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

{{FIFA player}} template missing ID and not present in Wikidata.


Question: What should the circumference of the football ball be?

Soccer

Category:79.31 Football Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Swedish, or Swedish, is a language belonging to the Scandinavian, or North Germanic group, of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European languages.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

It has about 8.3 million native speakers in various countries, including about 7.9 million in Sweden.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

[1] According to the Swedish Language Act (Språklag 2009:600 [2]), Swedish is the main language of the country and is used in courts and public administration.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Swedish is also one of the official languages of the European Union.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

In Finland, Swedish is another of the national languages.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

In 2016, it was spoken as their native tongue by 289,540 people, or 5.3% of the population.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

[3] In the 20th century, the share of Swedish-speakers in the Finnish population has decreased considerably; even in the 1880s it was 14%.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

The closest related languages of Sweden are the other North Germanic, or Scandinavian languages Danish, Norwegian, Icelandic and Faroese.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Together with Danish and bookslave, or Bokmål, Swedish forms the eastern group of Scandinavian languages.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Swedish — and Scandinavian languages in general — are characterised by denominated articles (vague: ett ord; denominated: ordet).


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

There are two grammatical genera in written language: neuter (Swedish neutrum) and unneuter (Swedish utrum), the “common genus” into which masculine and feminine have merged.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

The nebum's nebulous article is ett, non-neutrin en, and equivalently the neutrin denominated forms end in t and non-neutrin n.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Since languages with masculine and feminine are usually masculine and female words mean feminine, the simplification of the Swedish language has led to almost all words meaning people belonging to one genus (with exceptions e.g. barn 'child', ett syskon 'sibling').


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

When speaking Swedish, or Swedish spoken in Sweden, the weighty syllable has a descending or ascending rate (for example, áxel 'shoulder', àxel 'axis').


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

The emphasis on Finnish Swedish is more monotonous, almost similar to that of the Finnish language.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

The dialects of Swedish spoken in northern Sweden have somewhat the same characteristics as Finnish-Swedish.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

The first written monuments in Sweden are runestones from the Middle and Late Iron Age, when Scandinavian languages were still dialects of the same language.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Definitively, the Swedish and Danish languages diverged only with the reformations and separate Bible translations.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

The language form used in Skåne in southernmost Sweden still counts as a variant of Danish dialect geography.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Today, speakers of Swedish, Norwegian and Danish understand each other to varying degrees.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Danes and Swedes find it difficult to understand each other, but understanding Norwegian is a little easier for speakers of both languages [4].


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Alphabet Swedish is written with the Latin alphabet.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Previously, the distinction between v and w did not affect the Swedish alphabetical order, as did the Nordic languages or the Finnish language in general, but in the 2006 edition of the Svenska Akademiens ordlista began to distinguish between the letters v and w.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

The Swedish alphabet is: miniature alphabet: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z å ä ö capitals: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Å Ä Ö Of these, Q, W and Z are rare and occur only in loanwords and in isolation.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

C appears in self-language words only in the combination of ck, which is especially pronounced in Finnish Swedish like Finnish kkk.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

In loanwords, it also commonly appears above e, i, and y as a sign of an s-phonogram.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Grammars in Sweden have two grammatical genera, neuter () and unneuter (<< Latin uter 'either (of two) ').


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

The nonneuter arose with the merger of masculine and feminine.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

This is reflected by the fact that the Swedish neuter includes far fewer words than another genus.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Swedish neutria is sometimes also referred to as the ett genus (its vague article is ett) and the unneutria as the united genus, general genus, or en genus (its vague article is en).


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

The quantity of a noun is expressed by inflectional endings (in singular -n, -en, and -t, -et; plural -na, -en), in addition to which a separate article is used above the attribute adjective (den, det, plural de: det stora huset).


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Swedish nouns are usually divided based on plural emblem into the following categories of inflections, i.e., declinations (forms listed in order; indefinite singular meaning basic form, denominated singular, indefinite plural, and denominated plural): in 1st declination, the plural emblem is -or.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

It involves non-neutrals ending in a-like flicka 'girl' (en flick<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[6434,6439,2,2]}'>a, flick<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[6446,6452,2,2]}'>an, flick<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[6459,6465,2,2]}'>or, flick<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[6472,6480,2,2]}'>orna).


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Declination also includes some consonant-ending words, such as våg 'wave' (en våg, våg<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[6581,6587,2,2]}'>en, våg<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[6592,6598,2,2]}'>or, våg<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[6603,6611,2,2]}'>orna) and ros' rose '(en ros, ros <i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[6644,6650,2,2]}'>en, ros<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[6655,6661,2,2]}'>or, ros<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[6666,6674,2,2]}'>orna).


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

2. Declination involves non-neutrality words, with the exception of the neuter-shaped finger 'finger'.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

The plural emblem is -ar.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

This declination includes e- and consonant-ending words, among them arm arm (en arm, arm<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[6898,6904,2,2]}'>en, arm<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[6909,6915,2,2]}'>ar, arm<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[6920,6928,2,2]}'>arna) and pojke 'son' (en pojk <i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[6959,6964,2,2]}'>e, pojk<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[6970,6976,2,2]}'>en, pojk<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[6982,6988,2,2]}'>ar, pojk<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[6994,7002,2,2]}'>arna).


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

In words with weightless -el, -en or -er at the end, the plural usually disappears the letter e, as in the word nyckel key (en nyckel, nyckeln, nyck lar, nycklarna).


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Few words also occur as umlaut, in foreword dotter daughter (dotter, dottern, d ö ttr ar, döttrar, döttr arna).


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Some words inflect irregularly, such as en afton, aftnar, 'afternoon' and en sommar, somrar, 'summer'.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

3. declination involves both non-neuter and neutron words with the plural symbol -er or -r.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

It includes park 'park' (en park, park<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[7642,7648,2,2]}'>en, park<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[7654,7660,2,2]}'>er, park<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[7666,7674,2,2]}'>erna), museum 'museum' (ett muse<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[7705,7711,2,2]}'>um, muse <i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[7717,7723,2,2]}'>et, muse<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[7729,7735,2,2]}'>er, muse<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[7741,7749,2,2]}'>erna; note the removal of the Latin um terminal in bent forms), sko 'shoe' (en sko, sko<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[7844,7849,2,2]}'>n, sko <i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[7854,7859,2,2]}'>r, sko<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[7864,7871,2,2]}'>rna).


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Some words exhibit a vowel change, i.e., umlaut or body consonant modification, e.g., en hand, händer, 'hand'; en bok, böcker, 'book'.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

4. declination, except for one word, includes only vowel-lobed neutro words.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

The plural emblem is -n. Words for declination include bi 'bee' (ett bi, bi<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[8219,8225,2,2]}'>et, bi<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[8229,8234,2,2]}'>n, bi<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[8238,8244,2,2]}'>na) and äpple 'apple' (ett äpple, äpple<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[8284,8289,2,2]}'>t, äpple <i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[8296,8301,2,2]}'>'s, äpple<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[8308,8314,2,2]}'>na).


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Some words inflect irregularly, such as öga 'eye' (ett ög<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[8387,8392,2,2]}'>a, ög<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[8396,8402,2,2]}'>at, ög<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[8406,8412,2,2]}'>on, ög<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[8416,8423,2,2]}'>ona).


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

The only consonant-ending word in declination is huvud head (huvud, huvudet, huvuden, huvudena).


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

5. the words of declination have no plural emblem.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Declination includes both neuter and non-neutron words, for example barn 'child' (ett barn, barn<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[8677,8683,2,2]}'>et, barn<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[8695,8701,2,2]}'>en) and djur 'animal' (ett djur, djur<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[8738,8744,2,2]}'>et, djur, djur, djur <i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[8756,8762,2,2]}'>i don't).


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

All non-neuter -are-ending factor names belong to the 5th declination, such as lärare 'teacher' (en lärare, lärare<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[8892,8897,2,2]}'>n, lärare, lärar<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[8912,8918,2,2]}'>na).


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Some words exhibit a plural vowel change, such as mus' mouse '(en mus, mus<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[9008,9014,2,2]}'>en, möss, möss<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[9026,9032,2,2]}'>en) and man' man '(en man, mann<i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[9065,9071,2,2]}'>en, mä, männ <i data-parsoid='{"dsr":[9082,9088,2,2]}'>i don't).


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

In addition to the nominative, the rank is only a genetic in Swedish, which is formed with nouns by adding an s-suffix to the end of a word.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Adjectives inflect in Swedish according to genus, number and quantity.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

The plural form and the denominated form are usually the same, and are sometimes commonly referred to as a form because they end in a.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

For example, en skön blomma (beautiful flower), ett skönt hus (beautiful house), sköna blommor (beautiful flowers, beautiful flowers).


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

In addition, there are reference forms, for example skönare (= prettier) and skönast (e) (= most beautiful).


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

The personal pronouns are jag (i), du (you), han (he, masculine), hon (he, feminine), vi (me), ni (te), and de (he).


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

The corresponding object shapes in the same order are mig, dig, honom, henne, oss, er, and dem.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

The corresponding forms of ownership in the same order are min (neutrissa mitt, plural mina), din (ditt, dina), hans, hennes, vår (vårt, våra), er (ert, era) and deras.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Verb inflection Verb tense forms include precesens, imperfect, perfective, and pluskvamperfect.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

The latter two are union forms formed with the help of the ha auxiliary verb as well as the supine of the main verb.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

A more correct name for imperfection would be preteriti.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Verbs do not have person-bending, so unlike, say, Finnish, personal pronouns cannot usually be omitted.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

In the past, verbs also had person-bending in Swedish, and the plural form of verbs can still be used in the festive style, although since the 19th century, at least for regular verbs, has been similar to an infinitive in all plural personalities.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Previously, verb plurals between different personalities had differences: until the 19th century, the first person of plural was e-ending with regular verbs, while other plural personas with regular verbs had an ending in a.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Even earlier, m-ending plural first-person and n-ending plural second-person verb forms occurred.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

[5] The plural forms of verbs in a non-festive style were abandoned in the 20th century, when they were colloquially somewhat completely dead.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Verbs are divided into the following types of inflection: 1. conjugation: the suffix of the infinitive -a, the -ar of the precession, the -ade of the imperfectin, and the -at of supine, for example, tala — talar — talade — talat.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

2. Conjugation: the infinitive suffix -a, the precession -er, imperfectin -de or -te (the latter usually after the letters k, p, t, s or x) and supin -t, for example, läsa — läser — läste — läste — läst.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

3. Conjugation: in the infinitive no terminal, the precessional suffix -r, the imperfectin -dde, and the supin -tt, for example bo—bor — bodde — bott.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

4. Conjugation or strong verbs: the infinitive suffix -a, the precessional -er, in the imperfective is not a suffix but is formed by changing the body vowel to another, for example i a or y ö, with supine not exactly its own suffix, but usually -it, besides which also the body vowel often changes to, for example i u or y u, for example springa — springer — sprang — sprung or flyta — flyter — flöt — fluts.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

The passive of verbs is formed by adding an s-ending to the active form, except for which the -r of the precession is omitted.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Word order Swedish word order is pretty carefully prescribed.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Basic word order is subject—predicate—object.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

If an adverbial is placed at the beginning of the sentence, however, the subject becomes the subject in the main clause only after the predicate.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

There is a mnemonic konsukiepre for the word order of a subordinate phrase: conjunction, subject, prohibition word, predicate, object.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

With the development of the Swedish language in the 8th century, Ancient Norwegian began to differentiate into Old Western Slave spoken in Norway and Iceland and Old Eastern Slave spoken in Sweden and Denmark.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

The dialects of Danish and Swedish began to differentiate in the 12th century and developed into Ancient Swedish and Ancient French languages in the 13th century.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

All languages were heavily influenced by Middle Lower German during the Middle Ages.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

The ancient Norse spoken in Sweden is called runic notes (runsvenska) as a distinction from Danish rune dank (rundanska), although they were still the same dialect into the 12th century, except for the Danish vowel variant.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Their own dialect (gutniska) was also spoken in Gotland.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

The “runic” designation comes from the fact that most of the text is written in runic letters.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

The Urnordiska runic alphabet, the older fuþark (or futhark) had by then already evolved into a younger fuþark with only 16 letters.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Due to the low number of letters, several phonemes were expressed in some runes, for example a rune meaning u also vowels o, ø and y, and i rune also e.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

From the turn of the 12th century and onward, the Danish dialect began to differentiate from the Swedish dialect.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

The results of the development spread to a limited extent from Denmark, and several dialect boundaries arose from Själland to Norland, Ostrobothnia and south-eastern Finland.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

An early change that distinguished rune glove from other dialects of Eastern Ancient Norse was the change of the diphthong æi to é, as in the word stæinn → sténn.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

In runes, this was reflected in the inscribed form of its transformation into stain → stin.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Also, au changed into a long open ø, as in the word dauðr → døðr and the written form tauþr → tuþr.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

The øy diphthong changed to a long closed ø, as in the Ancient Norwegian word for 'island'.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

These changes occurred mainly in runic reeds as well, except in the northern and eastern dialects of the Mälar valley, where diphthongs still occur in isolated areas.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Old Swedish However, the oldest texts found in Sweden are runic inscriptions in Ancient Norse.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

For example, the Rök Runestone in Eastern Götaland contains a long mythological text dating back to around the year 800.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Most of the surviving specimens of the “runic note” written in runic letters date to the 10th century.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

From the medieval Swedish language written in the Latin alphabet since 1225, the name Ancient Swedish () is used.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

The most important of the documents of this period is the Västgötalagen, a collection of laws written in the Latin alphabet, of which parts dating back to 1250 have survived.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

The language was particularly influenced by the robust consolidation of the Catholic Church and the monasteries, which brought with them Greek and Latin loanwords.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

The rise of the Hanseatic League in the 12th and 13th centuries further strengthened the influence of the Down Saxons.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

With the Hanseatic trade, a large number of German speakers arrived in Sweden, bringing in the vocabulary of their native tongue.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

In addition to loanwords for warfare, commerce, and government, grammatical endings and even conjunctions entered the language.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Almost all maritime vocabulary was borrowed from Dutch.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

The oldest known written work in Swedish is the Eerikinchronikka, written in the 1320s.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

[6] Early medieval Sweden had a more complex rank structure than modern Swedish, and masculine and feminine had not yet merged.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Nouns, adjectives, pronouns, and some of the numerals received a dative and accusative form in addition to the current nominative and genitive.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

The grammatical genus resembled the modern German equivalent, it featured masculine, feminine and neuter.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

The majority of masculine and feminines later merged into a single group.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Verbs had a subjunctive and an imperative, and were inflected in persons.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

By the 16th century, the sires and lineage had, in spoken language and secular literature, been reduced to two rather than two genera in modern Swedish.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Old inflections survived in high-flying prose into the 18th century and in some dialects until the 19th century.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

The simplification of the family system also caused the pronouns han (= he [of male]) and hon (= he [of female]) to cease to be used by non-humans and replaced the pronoun den (= se; previously of all non-neuter words belonging to feminine from the words the hon pronoun was used and the words belonging to the masculine the han pronoun, but now that masculine and feminine have merged into one genus and the word can be perceived as masculine or feminine only on the basis of gender, han refers only to male people and hon only to female humans).


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

In writing, there was a shift to writing ae → æ, which was sometimes spelled a', although this varied by region and author.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

AA became aa and oe became oe.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

These later evolved into the letters ä, å and ö. The letter Å arose when in many words a began to be pronounced as o and an o began to be marked on top of a.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

New Swedish New Swedish (nysvenska) developed with the art of printing and the Reformation.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

After gaining power, King Gustav Vasa ordered the translation of the Bible into Swedish.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

The New Testament was published in 1526 and the entire Bible in 1541.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

This so-called. The Gustav Vasas bibel was so successful and influential that it remained in use through repairs until 1917.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

The translators were Laurentius Andreæ and the brothers Laurentius and Olaus Petri.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

The Bible of Gustav Vasa was a compromise between the old and the new language.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Although it did not follow colloquial language, it did not use archaic language either.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

In the orthography of the Swedish language, it was a significant step.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

It adopted the letters å, ä and ö and wrote ck instead of kkk to distinguish with the Danish Bible, possibly due to hostilities between countries.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

All translators were from Central Sweden, which is seen to have given the language a Middle Swedish stamp.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Although Biblical spelling was a strong paragon in creating orthographic practices, spelling actually became even more fragmented by the end of the century.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

It was not until the 17th century that spelling began to be discussed with the elaboration of the first grammars.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

The spelling battle continued until the early 19th century and only in the latter part became established as an accepted standard.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

The use of capital letters was not well established and depended on the author.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Some followed the German language practice of writing all nouns with a capital initial.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Others used capital letters less frequently.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

During New Swedish, a few important changes occurred, such as the transformation of many consonant clusters into abrasion tones//.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Later, the sound changed to//in Peakinswedish, while in Finnish Swedish//remained.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

/g/ and /k/ softened to /j///, or /t/ before the front vowels.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

//changed to /g/.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Modern Swedish Modern Swedish (nusvenska) is Swedish spoken from the beginning of the 20th century.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Industrialization and urbanization were well under way in the late decades of the 19th century and new writers left their mark on Swedish literature.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Many writers, politicians and public figures had great influence on the national language.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

The most notable of these was August Strindberg (1849—1912).


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

It was not until the 20th century that a common and standardized language became available to all Swedes.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

The spelling was finally standardized and almost consistent with the 1906 reform.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Some unpronounceable letters such as f in words such as huvud were removed from the spelling, before hufvud, which, however, still appears in Hufvudstadsbladet's name, among others.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Except for the plural forms of verbs (such as: vi gingo, we went, now.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

vi gick) and with minor syntax differences in the written language, the language was the same as the Swedish language spoken today.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

The plural forms of verbs, which with regular verbs were finally always like an infinitive, had disappeared from the colloquial language except for some peripheral dialects as early as the end of the 19th century, and even in literary language they were already gradually falling out of use until they in the 1950s was removed from the official recommendations too.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

A significant change in language occurred in the 1960s, in the so-called du-reformen.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Before, the proper way to address someone in a higher position was by title and surname.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

The use of the herr, fru or fröke for interrogations was only accepted with someone of unknown profession, academic doctrine, or military rank when opening a conversation.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

The listener also had to be referred to in the third person, as in German.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

In the early 20th century, an attempt was made to replace the use of titles by speaking ni, as in Finnish (te) and French (vous).


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

However, the act became less blunt when addressing a lower-ranking person.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

However, with the liberalization and radicalization of the 1950s and 1960s, the former class distinctions diminished their significance and you became a practice even in official contexts.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Although the reform was not driven by any official entity, it spread into use with new attitudes within a few years from the late 1960s to the early 1970s.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Geographical distribution Sweden is the first language of approximately eight million Swedes born in Sweden and one million immigrants.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

In Finland, Finnish-Swedes who speak Swedish are 5.39% of the population, or 29,119 people, mostly in Uusimaa, the Ostrobothnia coast and Åland Islands and the Turku archipelago.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

[7] There are 67000 Swedish speakers over five years of age in the United States (2004 census), although there is no information on their language skills.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Small numbers of Swedish speakers live in other countries, including Argentina and Brazil, where they have retained their language and name.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Estonian Swedes lived in Estonia, especially on the islands of Hiiumaa, Saaremaa and Vormsi on the Baltic Sea coast.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

After Sweden lost Estonia to Russia in the early 18th century, a thousand Swedish speakers were marched to Ukraine, where they established Gammalsvenskby north of Crimea.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

A few elderly people still speak Swedish in the village and follow the Swedish calendar, although the dialect is becoming extinct.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

In Estonia, a small minority was treated well during the interwar period, but most of the speakers fled to Sweden after Estonia became annexed by the Soviet Union.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Official status The Swedish Language Act defines Swedish as the “main language”, the use of which is recommended by local and state governments.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

A bill to appoint Swedish as the official language fell through Parliament by a vote of 145—147 with an entire package of laws remaining unapproved.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

In Finland, Swedish is the national language whose status is governed by the Constitution and the Language Act.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

[8] Swedish is also the official language of the European Union.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Language Maintenance Swedish does not have a single official language guardian.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

In Sweden, Språkrådet (Finnish “Language Council”), funded by the Swedish Government, makes recommendations on the maintenance and use of language, and the central authority on written language is the Svenska Akademiens Ordlista (SAOL) and the Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB) maintained by the Swedish Academy (Svenska Akademien).


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Språkrådet has been publishing the quarterly magazine Språkvård since 1965.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

In Finland, the goals of the Centre for Domestic Languages include keeping Finnish Swedish in line with Peacoese.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Since 2000, Kotus has published “Finlandssvensk ordbok”, a dictionary on the differences between Finnish Swedish and Peacoese.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Phonology in Sweden has a relatively large number of vowels: nine, of which 17 phonemes are formed in most dialects (short /e/ and /ə/overlap).


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

The eighteen consonant phonemes//and /r/ vary considerably depending on social situation and in different conversational contexts.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

A notable feature of Swedish is prosody, with significant differences in different dialects.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Prosody is often referred to as melody, but this term is not linguistic and is often used as a descriptive but vague term for this feature of Swedish and Norwegian.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Native Swedish speakers often adapt their phonemes to a new environment but retain their own dialect prosody.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Often it is also the first to be replaced, perhaps because it is the most comprehension-disturbing element or then the easiest to change.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Vowels Swedish vowels form minimum pairs and front vowels are pronounced round and unrounded.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Weightless /ˈ/ is pronounced as švana in most dialects and vowel lowering is common before /r/and retroflex assimilations such as [], [].


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Dialects Swedish has many dialects that differ a lot in terms of pronunciation and even grammar: in some dialects verbs show plural forms or nomins in place forms.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

However, even in book and common parlance, the plural forms of verbs were used until the 20th century, although they were almost dead from urban colloquial language and most dialects and still exist in religious language, among other things, in religious language (for example, vara (Finnish “to be”) The precession form is now usually also the plural singular form är (“is”), but in exceptional cases the plural form äro) also occurs.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Many dialects are difficult for Swedes in other dialects to understand, but today almost all Swedes know the general language.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Dialects may occur in areas as small as that different keepers might have dialects of their own.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

However, dialects are commonly divided into six major groups with distinct similarities in pronunciation and grammar.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Some examples of each group are given below; the number of dialects is probably several hundred in total.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

In Sweden, the word mål, meaning speech style, appears in the names of dialect groups.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Norrländska mål — Norland, northern part of Sweden 1.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Ylikainuu, Norrbotten; 2.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Burträsk, Västerbotten; 3.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Aspås, Jämtland; 4.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Farila, Hälsingland; Sveamål — Sveanmaa 5.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Älvdalen, Dalarna; 6.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Gräsö, Upland; 7.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Sorunda, Södermanland; 8.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Köla, Värmland 9.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Viby, Närke; Gotländska mål — Gotland 10.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Sproge, Gotland; Östsvenska mål — Åland and mainland Finland 11.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Närpiö, Ostrobothnia; 12.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Dragsfjärd, Southwest Finland; 13.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Porvoo, Uusimaa; Götamål — western and northern Götaland, traditionally focusing on Västa Götanmaa 14.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Orust, Bohuslän; 15.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Floby, West Götaland; 16.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Rimforsa, East Götaland; 17.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Årstad-Hedberg, Halland; 18.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Stenberga, Småland; Sydsvenska mål — southern tip of Sweden, including Blekinge, southern Halland and southern Småland 19.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Jämshög, Blekinge; 20.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Bara, Skåne; Swedish spoken by Swedish speakers in Finland differs from that spoken in Sweden especially in pronunciation, but there are also differences in vocabulary.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

The differences are not only due to the influence of the Finnish language, but also due to the preservation of words and pronunciation features in Finnish Swedish that have been lost or rare in Sweden.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Swedish spoken in northern Sweden bears some resemblance to Finnish Swedish due to Finnish influence.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Similar phenomena also occurred in Estonian Swedish, which was read together with Finnish Swedish into a group of Eastern Swedish dialects.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

However, VironSweden has almost disappeared, as almost all of the Estonian Swedes migrated to Sweden after Estonia itself was annexed by the Soviet Union.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Loanwords from Swedish loanwords into Finnish skruv — screw stol — chair krut — gunpowder bank — bank post — mail boll — ball motor — motor kort — card tjugo — tiu (cf.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

old bookpuotsin tiugh) vakt — vahti (yakt — yacht, makt — might) dialect words: lekti, hantuuki, nästuuki, vylli, rekkooli, resnekka, papperstokka, kööki, ookata... According to Professor Kaisa Häkkinen, there are at least 4000 Swedish loanwords in Finnish.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Finnish loanwords, on the other hand, are only about 10 in Swedish.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

[9] Often, especially older specialized terminology may consist almost entirely of loanwords.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

I suppose with the increasing prevalence of the English language, there is an increasing vocabulary of newer specialisms, however English-influenced.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

An example of the strong influences of the Swedish language is given by the terminology used in boating (hobby), especially sailing (for which some words have been recommended for Finnish equivalents).


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

kompass — compass skikare — doctor roder — helm ankare — anchor kajuta — kajuus rigg — riki durk — fur (i.e. the “floor” of a ship or boat) schackel — shackle styrbord — starboard (right side of ship, the side of the ship from which the ship is steered, styra = steer) babord — port (left side of the ship) lä — lee, recommendation: “lee”, lovart — bone graft, recommendation: “windside” i.e. the side from which the wind comes båtshake — quack fall — falli, recommendation: “hoist” skot — skut stag — staak, recommendation: harus, i.e. mast length Direction supporting ropes vant — rims Recommendation: side harus, i.e. ropes supporting the mast laterally fock — fokka (a common type of bow sail) kryss — kryssi, Recommendation: Creation Finnish words in Swedish pojke < english boy känga 'shantyshoe' < shoe pjäxa < pieksu kola ( murt.)


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

< die rappakalja 'nonsense, nonsense' < rapakalja lapp 'Lappalainen' < Lappi hen < he [10] [11] Source: Svenska Akademiens ordbok [12] See also Second domestic language Force-fed Sources on the subject elsewhere Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: Where did the Swedish language come from?

Swedish

(Swedish-Finnish-Swedish dictionary) * Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Okorata

The Lahti Oikorata is the most modern entirely new interurban railway section between Kerava and Lahti.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Okorata

It opened to traffic on September 3, 2006.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Okorata

[1] It separates from the main line in Kytömaa and joins the Riihimäki—Lahti line in Hakosilla.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Okorata

International rail passenger traffic between Helsinki and Saint Petersburg runs through the Lahti Oikorada.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Okorata

The Kerava—Lahti railway line is a 331 million euro project of the State Railway Management Centre and at the same time one of the largest Finnish public construction projects in years.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Okorata

The previous project of comparable size on the railways was the Jämsänkoski—Jyväskylä railway, which was completed in 1977.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Okorata

The entire length of the track is 74km, of which 63km is a whole new section.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Okorata

New railway stations on the line section include Mäntsälä railway station and Haarajoki railway station in Järvenpää.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Okorata

There are 76 bridges along the track section.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Okorata

The section of the line adjusts the line to the east so that instead of Riihimäki, trains run directly from Kerava to Lahti via Mäntsälä.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Okorata

This speeds up travel times in the direction of Russia and to Eastern Finland, which is why the Kerava—Lahti section is also referred to as a rectification of the Savo line.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Okorata

An earlier line from Riihimäki dates from 1867.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Okorata

Test runs of the Oikorada commenced on 3 June 2006.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Okorata

The Kerava—Lahti railway runs 80% near Lahdenväkylä, so it has not been necessary to introduce large areas entirely new to transport in order to build it.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Okorata

However, 430 hectares of land have been claimed and 27 residential buildings.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Okorata

There were 2600,000cubic feet of paint cuts and 1900,000cubic meters of rock cuts.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Okorata

Rail embankments and other pieces of land were built on 400,0000cubic metres.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Okorata

The European Union funds covered EUR 20 million of the costs of EUR 331 million.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Okorata

High-speed rail The maximum speed used on the rail line is 220km/h on the Pendolino.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Okorata

The geometry of the short track would allow speeds of 300 kilometres per hour, but due to slow, heavy freight trains, the rails cannot be tilted to that speed because otherwise the rails on the inside curves would wear out unduly.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Okorata

On the other hand, the economic viability of the line has been calculated so that it will also have slow freight trains, especially from the port of Vuosaari.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Okorata

The track speeds up travel to Lahti and further in the easterly direction.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Okorata

The departing traffic site has two main and sidings, as well as the equipment space needed for traffic control.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Okorata

Another four-track section is located at Mäntsälä railway station.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Okorata

Otherwise, the line is double-track.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Okorata

Regional impacts Oikorada is thought to enable faster commuter traffic from Päijät-Häme to the metropolitan area using the Pendolinas, but it will also guide the growth of the metropolitan area to Järvenpää and Mäntsälä if municipalities are able to agree with VR on support for commuter rail.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Okorata

The expectation of completion of Oikorada led to zoning in South Mäntsälä.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Okorata

Orimattila is also planning a new built-up area along the track.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Okorata

[2] The commuter traffic between Lahti and Helsinki has also given rise to Oiko ry, an association for commuter traffic. Lappeenranta Airport's domestic passenger numbers have plummeted since 2005 with the opening of Lahti Oikorata to traffic in September in 2006.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Okorata

According to the assessment of the South Karelia Chamber of Commerce, air traffic to Helsinki has been replaced by an improved train service that serves business travellers adequately.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Okorata

[3] Passenger transport The journey time from Helsinki to Lahti along the short track is 47 minutes by Allegro train (although Allegro cannot travel within Finland), 48 minutes on Pendolino, 54 minutes by Intercity², 54 minutes by InterCity and 61 minutes by commuter train.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Okorata

Before the opening of the Oikorada to traffic, the travel time was the shortest hour and 21 minutes when travelling through Riihimäki.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Okorata

New stations are Järvenpää's Haarajoki and Mäntsälä.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Okorata

At these stations, hourly commuter trains stop.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Okorata

Oikorata is part of the International TEN (Trans-European Network, Trans-European network), which runs from Copenhagen and Oslo via Stockholm, Turku and Helsinki to Saint Petersburg.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Okorata

Timetable changes as part of the introduction of the New line were also subject to partially related reforms from 3 September 2006, referred to in VR's marketing as “New Train Time”.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Okorata

This meant a nationwide timetable review and the introduction of new train lines.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Okorata

Some train lines were also abolished.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Okorata

The Z-trains of the Helsinki Helsinki commuter rail line run directly into Lahti Oikorata, and some of them continue from Lahti as built-up trains to Kouvola.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Shortcut

Despite the Oikorada, some commuter trains in the Helsinki region still run from Riihimäki via Lahti to Kouvola.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Shortcut

One train shift per hour is run between Riihimäki and Lahti.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Shortcut

According to Freight Transport VR Transpoint, only two pairs of freight trains will come to the Lahti Oikorada.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Shortcut

Where for freight transport the railway operator pays 0.1 cents per gross tonne kilometre for the use of the line in diesel-driven freight and half, or 0,05 cents per gross tonne kilometre for electronic transport, the use of the Lahti shortage shall be paid 0.5 cents during the financing phase per gross tonne kilometre, in which case it costs ten times as much on electric locomotives for freight traffic or five times as much on diesel locomotives as on other lines.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Shortcut

A 4000 tonne freight train from Kerava to Lahti would incur a fee of EUR 1628, while the amount due via Riihimäki would be EUR 202.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Shortcut

For a time-saving 1,426 euros more expensive, the shorter route would bring 37 minutes.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Shortcut

The Henna Oikorata runs from Mäntsälä to Lahti via Orimattila Henna.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Shortcut

A power outlet facility has been planned there to connect the industrial area that may be set up to the oikorata.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Shortcut

Nostava Hollola Municipality purchased 110 hectares of land from Nostava in Ala-Okeroinen for the logistics centre of Nostava.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Shortcut

The district is located just east of the oikorada.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Shortcut

Oikoratafestarit Oikoratafestarit was a marketing event by which VR acquired publicity for oikorada.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Shortcut

Free train tickets from Lahti to Mäntsälä and back were distributed to 1500 willing people on a festival train type Sm4.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Shortcut

Photographic exhibition At railway stations there was a photographic exhibition of 32 stations on the St. Petersburg line.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Shortcut

Among them, only Saint Petersburg Suomen railway station was first class station, Vyborg and Helsinki railway stations second class stations and others third or fourth class stations.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Shortcut

The Oikorata magazine Track Administration Centre published the Oikorata magazine, extensively outlining Oikorada's interests.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Shortcut

It is distributed as a free distribution and can also be obtained from the Internet in PDF format.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Shortcut

Music In a tent on the west side of the warehouse magazine building at the end of the Lahti train station, rock concerts were held featuring Alliance, Wiidakko and Flipper.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Shortcut

The presenter was Jaana Pelkonen.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Shortcut

A choral singing concert was held in Lanunaukio, Rautatienkatu.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Shortcut

In Lahti, in front of the railway station at the statue of Mannerheim, a veterans' organisation event was held, replacing the Night of the Arts in Lahti and related to the marketing of downtown Lahti.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Shortcut

The Art Brewery Art Brewery was an open day during which the Helsinki — Lahti Miniature Railway Landscape, part of the VISU 06 complex, was opened.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Shortcut

A bazaar was also held on the third floor of the art brewery and an opportunity for watercolor painting.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Shortcut

The railway theme also comes up as a film when Kino-Iris plays the Great Train Robbery.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Shortcut

Literature Pertti Punkamaa, who was the manager of the Rahdat Itäradat project, wrote the book Corrected — not passed: the birth stages of the Oikorada, which details the idea of the Lahti—Kerava track from August Fellman's ideas in the 1910s to its design in the late 1980s and implementation.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Shortcut

See also Intercity Sm3 Sources on the topic elsewhere City of Lahti:, 16 August 2006 HS:, 1.9.2006.


Question: What is the maximum permissible speed on the Lahti Shortline?

Lahti Shortcut

HS:, August 22, 2006 T&T:, Harri Repo August 31, 2006 HS/STT:, July 27, 2006 Class:Hollola traffic Class:Järvenpää traffic Category:Kerava traffic Oikorata Class:Mäntsälä traffic Category:Orimattila traffic Category:Finnish rail network Category:Concrete structure of the year


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (,; born 7 October 1952 in Leningrad, Russian SFNT, Soviet Union) is a Russian politician, current President of the Russian Federation and former Prime Minister.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

He is backed by the United Russia party, which has a majority in the Russian parliament.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

Putin is serving as Russia's president now serving his fourth term.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

Putin's first terms as president were from 2000 to 2008, a third term began in 2012, and a fourth term began in 2018.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

As prime minister, Putin served from 1999 to 2000 and again from 2008 to 2012.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

Putin began his working career as an intelligence officer for the intelligence agency KGB, a position he held for 16 years from 1975 to 1991, initially in St. Petersburg and in the 1980s in Dresden, East Germany.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

He then moved into politics, serving in the 1990s as deputy mayor of the city of Saint Petersburg and head of the FSB, the Russian security service, before being appointed Prime Minister by President Boris Yeltsin in 1999.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

During his final months as prime minister, Putin also served as acting president of Russia.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

Key events of Putin's reign have included the Second Chechen War, the Georgian War, the crisis in eastern Ukraine and the annexation of Crimea to Russia in 2014.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

He has often emphasized Russian unity, and his governing style has often been called authoritarian and anti-democratic.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

In Russia, however, his popular popularity has always been high.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

Life and career Childhood and schooling Vladimir Putin was born in Leningrad on 7 October 1952 as the third son of a working family.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

Both Father Vladimir Spiridonovich Putin (1911—1999) and Mother Maria Ivanovna (1911—1998) worked in the factory.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

Father was a World War II veteran and mother experienced the blockade of Leningrad.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

Putin's mother was Orthodox, so he received Orthodox baptism.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

Putin's grandfather, Spiridon Putin (1879—1965), had been the personal chef of Vladimir Lenin, and after Lenin's death Josif Stalin, personal chef.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

Putin's two older brothers died young, and he remained the only survivor of the family's children.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

[1] For twenty years, the Putins' family lived in a room measuring 17 square meters near Leningrad's main street in a dilapidated joint apartment with two other families.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

[2] Putin started school at the age of seven.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

She was initially underachiever at school and, due to her bad behaviour, was not accepted into the pioneers of the Communist Party's children's organisation.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

He initially tried boxing at the instigation of his father, but after breaking his nose switched to martial art sambo and then judo, which changed the direction of his life.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

Putin gained a new philosophy for himself from martial arts, as well as the strength to defend himself against bigger boys.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

As the sports club demanded valid school grades from its members, Putin began to focus on schooling as well, and was accepted into the pioneers.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

He quickly rose to become head of the pioneer department of his school and was elected in eighth grade among the first to join the Communist Party youth organisation Komsomol.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

[3] Studying At the age of fifteen, Putin saw his favourite Soviet film Shield and Sword (1968), about a Soviet agent who infiltrated Nazi Germany.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

The film made a big impression on the young Putin, and he began dreaming of a spy career.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

He walked into the Leningrad headquarters of the intelligence agency KGB to volunteer.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

The officer who received him stated that the KGB did not worry about volunteers but recommended to a future spy with law studies at the university.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

[4] Putin went to an elite high school specialising in natural science subjects.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

Focusing on humanities subjects, literature and history, he excelled particularly in history and the German language.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

Putin survived the entrance exams at Leningrad State University and began law studies in the fall of 1970.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

[4] During his studies, Putin worked alongside his studies, among other things, as a trainee in the criminal department of the Leningrad Ministry of Transport.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

He was actively engaged in judo and went on competitive tours as far as Leningrad Oblast and Moldova.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

[5] Putin has said he served in artillery but there is no further detail.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

[6] Career in the KGB In the middle of the fourth year of Putin's studies, a KGB recruiter contacted Putin to discuss his career choice.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

Putin joined the KGB in the summer of 1975 and started it in the personnel department at its Leningrad headquarters with clerical work.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

He soon went into officer training, where he learned interrogation techniques and other basics of intelligence activities.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

Graduating as a First Lieutenant, he moved to the KGB Counterintelligence Department as an official tasked with maintaining social order and political control.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

Not much is known about his activities at the time, but apparently he recruited and supervised informants.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

[5] After six months working in counterintelligence, Putin moved to the first main administration of the KGB, responsible for intelligence operations outside Soviet borders.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

He continued to work in Leningrad as a line worker and showed no desire for managerial positions.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

In 1979, he was promoted to captain and sent to Moscow to attend the KGB College.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

After marrying in 1983, he was promoted to major the following year and was sent to Moscow to study at the Red Flag Institute, a top school for foreign intelligence.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

There he learned espionage skills, first and foremost to act in a cover role.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

Mr Putin, who was mediocre in his studies and once caught up in a fight on the subway, was suspended after one year and he was sent as an intelligence officer to his new position at the KGB office in Dresden, East Germany.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

[7] Putin worked at the KGB base in Dresden from August 1985 as a foreign intelligence officer until the collapse of East Germany in 1990.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

The work was monotonous routine work.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

Putin was tasked with gathering intelligence on the development of the political, economic and military situation in the West and to participate in recruiting informants.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

Promoted in 1987 to lieutenant-colonel, he became one of the advisers to the head of the unit, effectively deputy head of the Dresden office.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

As an adviser, his duties were often mundane, such as arranging visits.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

[8] After the fall of communist rule in East Germany, the KGB left the country, and Putin and his family returned to Moscow in February 1990.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

He initially had a hard time getting paid and new job assignments.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

He moved back to Leningrad and became assistant to the rector of international affairs at his old university, tasked with keeping an eye on students and visitors.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

Anatoly Sobchak, the head of the Leningrad Urban Council, recruited Putin as his adviser, but Putin still continued to work for the KGB as well.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

After Sobchak had been elected mayor of Leningrad (now St. Petersburg), Putin moved to the mayor's office in June 1991 to become chairman of the new International Affairs Committee.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

Putin resigned from the KGB in August 1991 after a failed military coup attempt by hardliners.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

Putin had, yes, supported the coup plotters” bid to preserve the federation, but he no longer saw for himself a future in the KGB.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

[9] Moving into politics, Sobchak appointed Putin to head the St. Petersburg Foreign Trade Committee.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

In interviews at the time, Putin, on his own initiative, made his KGB background public but stressed that he had not been involved in crimes committed by intelligence services.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

He was a strong supporter of democracy and warned of the danger of a return to totalitarianism.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

[10] In the winter of 1991, Putin got to lead a project in which casinos were established in St. Petersburg to generate tax revenue.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

However, the sudden shift to capitalism led to many failures and food shortages in the city, and Putin, among the rest of the regime, received public criticism.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

Putin has not been proven himself to have benefited from the money falling into the wrong hands, but his immediate circle benefited from it.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

The commission of inquiry accused Putin of “ineptitude approximating fraudulence,” but no charges were brought.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

Sobchak, on the other hand, gave Putin the task of luring foreign investors to St. Petersburg.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

Putin became a train rider, clearing obstacles created by bureaucracy and obscure legislation as he arranged investments and reconciled corporate disputes.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

He traveled the world, attracting companies to make investments.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

At the same time, organized crime's power in St. Petersburg was growing, which took Putin to dealings with some of the city's most famous gangsters.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

[11] Mr Sobchak elevated Putin in the spring of 1994 to one of his three deputy mayors, but foreign trade was still Putin's responsibility.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

[12] Sobchak lost the June 1996 St. Petersburg gubernatorial election, and Putin initially set about serving the new governor and did not resign as he had promised.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

Putin was fired by the governor after a few weeks and was not initially offered a new job.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

[13] In August, the new First Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian government, Alexei Bolshakov, appointed Putin as spokesman for the Department of Social Relations.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

The minister soon changed his mind and Putin instead got a job from Pavel Borodin, the head of the presidential real estate agency, as head of the legal department and managing the Kremlin's foreign assets in 78 countries.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

In March 1997, he was moved to head the Office of the General Inspectorate, which also made him Deputy Director of the Presidential Administration.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

In his work, Putin toured across Russia, pursuing impeachment charges against hundreds of officials on charges of theft and corruption.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

[14] In addition to his work, Putin completed a degree in natural resource economics at the Mountain Institute.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

Putin's treatise has been claimed to have been written by a ghostwriter, and some of it is a direct copy of a US-based textbook translated into Russian.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

Putin defended his thesis in June 1997.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

[15] After Mr Sobchak, the former mayor of St Petersburg, had come under investigation, Putin went to organise his escape abroad in November 1997.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

[16] As head of the FSB, President Yeltsin carried out several changes of personnel during 1998 in his administration.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

In May 1998, Yeltsin moved Putin to become First Deputy Director of the Presidential Administration, with responsibility for relations with the country's 89 regions.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

Putin told the media he intended to ensure the implementation of Yeltsin's orders at the regional level.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

Putin remained in this post for only 61 days, as Yeltsin appointed him head of the FSB, an intelligence agency set up to replace the KGB.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

Putin refused the rank of general offered by Yeltsin and began leading the FSB as the first and last civilian leader in its history.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

He reduced the headquarters staff by a third, as well as abolishing obsolete departments and creating new ones.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

As new areas of intelligence activity, Putin took troubled Muslim areas, computer security, telecommunications and defense of the constitution.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

[17] In late 1998, the FSB and Putin were beset by scandal when six FSB employees, with Aleksandr Litvinenko as its leader, in a briefing, accused the FSB of criminal activity that had taken place before Putin's time.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

Putin came to the conclusion that the accusations were baseless and singled out Litvinenko and his associates.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

However, Putin's way of handling the issue, as well as the staff cuts he carried out at the FSB, caused outrage in the Kremlin, and Mr Yeltsin, worried about the state of democracy in the country, saw Putin as complicit in the situation.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

[18] At the beginning of the following year, however, in connection with the scandal involving Prosecutor General Skuratov, Yeltsin became convinced of Putin's loyalty and effectiveness, and he promoted Putin to Secretary of the Security Council.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

Putin also continued at the head of the FSB.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

Putin took part during the spring, for example, in investigations into the Chechen bomb blast and the peace mediation of the Kosovo war.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

[19] He also gave regular interviews to the media on day-burning issues, thereby raising his public profile.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

[20] First term as Prime Minister (1999—2000) In August 1999, Yeltsin elevated Putin to Prime Minister of Russia.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

He wanted Putin to build a party that would defeat those who turned their backs on the president and put himself in charge of it.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

Yeltsin also envisioned Putin as his own successor as president.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

[21] At the beginning of his term as Prime Minister, Putin was given a demanding task: Šamil Basayev's forces had invaded Dagestan from Chechnya, on the neighbouring republic side, and declared an Islamist state there.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

[22] Putin requested and received absolute power from Yeltsin to direct the activities of all security ministries and to lead military operations.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

On the day immediately following his appointment as prime minister, Putin gave Russian military commanders two weeks to restore Dagesta to their control.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

Russia launched the offensive within a few days.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

Officially, the Duma nominated Putin as prime minister with a narrow majority of votes on August 16.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

A week later, Basayev's fighters withdrew.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

In the weeks that followed, there were a series of high-rise bombings in Russia in which hundreds of people were killed.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

[23] Putin made his debut on the international political scene in September 1999 when he attended an APEC meeting in New Zealand in place of the sick Yeltsin.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

During the meeting, Putin presented US President Clinton with his plan for invading Chechnya, which was meant to halt the conquest of Russian territories backed by international terrorists.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

In late September, Putin first expanded strikes in Chechnya, and after that Russian military and Interior Ministry troops penetrated the area.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

This second Chechen ground war was better handled than the first, and it made Putin popular with the people.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

In October 1999, his support for the next president was already 27%.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

In November, he confirmed that he would stand for election in the 2000 presidential election, and his support in opinion polls rose to over 40%.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

In the December parliamentary elections, Putin announced as a private that he would support the new Unity Party.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

[24] As Acting President (2000), Yeltsin told Putin on 14 December 1999 that he intended to resign from the presidential office exactly at the turn of the year, when Prime Minister Putin would rise to replace him for 90 days before the presidential election.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

Putin agreed, and he became acting president of Russia on 31 December 1999.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

Putin convened the Security Council and told it he was beginning a new period in Russian military affairs, which included improving armaments and addressing social problems for conscribers.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

Putin's first New Year's speech was shown on television on New Year's Day.


Question: When did Vladimir Putin start as FSB leader?

Vladimir Putin

In it, he vowed to continue restoring the country to law and order.