Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

Race in medicine In medicine, the breed has been used as a variable, among other things, in epidemiological studies to assess mortality and with diseases such as sickle cell anemia.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

[69] Some researchers consider that even if race over time would prove to be a rough and ineffective method in understanding genetic differences in humans, it may play an important temporary role.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

Because racial definitions are vague and difficult to classify, self-identification of people has become the only practical method of classification.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

[48] Race has been identified as an explanatory factor in the progression of chronic kidney disease [70], obesity [71] and cataracts [72], among others.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

Research results are sometimes contradictory.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

For example, in the United States, high blood pressure has been found to be more common in African-Americans than whites, but on the other hand, Nigerians and Jamaicans who are “ethnically black” have less high blood pressure than U.S. whites.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

In blacks, high blood pressure occurred between 14 and 44%, and in whites 27— 55%.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

[48] Light skin is considered to be an adaptation that enhances the production of vitamin D, which is important for human well-being.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

[73] On the other hand, dark skin is an adaptation of equatorial regions against the burning effect of sunlight.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

According to Francis Collins, director of the National Human Genome Research Institute, “race” and “ethnicity” are ill-defined concepts that work on a number of different environmental and genetic factors, including geographic origin, socioeconomic status, education and health care as a substitute for the level.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

He believes that science should abandon these indirect effects.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

[48] Also, researcher Michael Root has suggested that race as such an explanatory factor in medicine research is a sign of the genes that determine the enzymes that metabolize drugs and that the results of modern science on race cast doubt on the use of race as a medically significant explanatory factor.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

[69] In February 2001, the editorial board of the Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine requested that researchers no longer use the concept of “race” as an explanatory variable and not use outdated concepts.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

Some other journals, such as the New England Journal of Medicine and the American Journal of Public Health have also subsequently issued similar guidelines.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

[39] Race as a social phenomenon Many scholars believe that race, as a concept, has always included meanings other than just the different appearance of people.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

The current conception of race, developed in the 18th century, is based on the era's view of a hierarchical system formed by humans, nature, and God.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

A racial hierarchy defined by the authority of God or nature became the justification for colonialism and slavery.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

In the early 19th century, it was considered that Europeans, Africans and Native Americans were their own distinct species, and Africans were considered to be the least humane and taxonomically mainly apes.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

The perception of race and related prejudices and myths are deeply rooted in different cultures and influence perceptions of human biological differences and cultures.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

[9] The concept of race has also been linked to racism.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

Racism The concept of race has always come with more than just meanings related to people's different appearance.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

Already in the racial classification of groups, Carl von Linné, the father of taxonomy, character traits were attached, and later, in the “scientific racism” developed by Francis Galton, it became a tool for valuing human groups.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

[7] Racism, or racial discrimination, is an ideology or activity in which disparity in people's appearance, physical features or “folk character” justifies unequal treatment, i.e. discrimination.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

Racism can also include policies and societal structures that lead to inequalities based on these factors.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

Racism is often associated with ethnic conflict mongering, racial segregation, and sometimes also the perception of the biological distribution of the human species into different races.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

[74] Racial discrimination is the most common racist practice.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

It implies preference for those of a particular race or ethnic group, or discrimination against those of a particular race or ethnic group, for example in employment, the administration of justice, public services or apartment rental.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

Racial segregation is the practice of segregating people based on race in normal activities such as education, hotel and restaurant services, or housing.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

[75] Racial segregation has been practiced despite the laws of countries, or less frequently through legislation, including in South Africa during apartheid and in the US Confederate States up to the 1960s.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

Racial classifications Race is largely a political and social issue, and its definitions and different racial classifications differ in different countries.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

The US administration has defined a set of “races” to be used in census and statistics.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

The racial classification used in the 2000 census was based on people's own declaration.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

The racial categories used by the US are socio-political and not scientific or anthropological concepts.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

Classification includes categories based on both race and a person's country of origin.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

[76] For example, a system far wider than the US classification is in place in Brazil, and the definition of “white” used in Haiti differs considerably from the US definition.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

[5] In South Africa, the Population Registration Act (Population Registration Act) was enacted in 1950, which set out a method for defining and registering all South Africans as a race and which served as the basis for all subsequent apartheid legislation.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

Based on the Act, all South African citizens were registered as either European, Coloured or Natives.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

A new category of “Asians” was added to the law in 1959 for Indians in the country.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

“Community acceptance” was taken as the basis for defining human race, and was later expanded to include a person's appearance and lineage roots, in order to prevent the 'appearance' of blond Africans as whites.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

In order to distinguish coloured from whites, the following definitions were used: [77] person's hair features among other hairiness characteristics skin hue facial features home language and especially Afrikaans proficiency residential area, friends and acquaintances work social status and social class eating and drinking habits Race and intelligence Exploring the connections between race and IQ is a controversial area of intelligence research.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

Its effort is to look at the background, nature and consequences of intelligence differences between racial and ethnic groups.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

Criticism of the research trend targets both the unscientificity of racial definitions and the difficulty of defining intelligence.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

[78] Differences in school performance between different races are highly correlated with the results of IQ measurements.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

In the United States, it has been found that African-American students attending 12th grade perform as well in school on average as white 8th grade students.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

For Hispanics, the results are only slightly better than African-Americans.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

[79] According to economist Steven Levitt and journalist Stephen Dubner, after standardizing socioeconomic status, the difference in learning outcomes between African-American and white children is not noticeable in five-year-old children, but the difference appears as early as two years later.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

The reason for this may be differences in the level of education in schools: African-American children tend to attend schools that are 60% “black” and the vast majority of these schools are poor.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

White children attending “black” schools don't fare any better on exams than their African-American schoolmates.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

[80] Race and physical performance The breed is thought to have an impact on people's physical performance.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

In the United States, where African-Americans make up about 11% of the population, 60% of the country's professional athletes are African-American.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

[81] In 100 metres running, the ten second ghost threshold has been below a total of 71 runners, of whom, apart from native Irish-Australian Patrick Johnson and Caucasian Frenchman Christophe Lemaitre, are all black.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

[82] Researchers have tried to offer explanations for the dominance of West African sprinters.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

Former middle-distance runner and neurologist Roger Bannister has speculated the differences are due to peculiarities in the anatomy and physiology of blacks.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

According to him, the muscles of athletes of African background have adapted to warm conditions and are able to generate energy quickly.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

A lower amount of subcutaneous fat may also be an advantage, according to him.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

[81] According to Australian researcher Daniel McArthur, out of dozens of Olympic-level sprinters studied, only a few have lacked an active form of the gene ACTN3 in their lineage.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

The Human Race

According to McArthur, one reason for runners with African backgrounds to succeed may be the concentration of ACTN3 and other inherited traits useful for running speed in a particular area.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

Human race

[82] On the other hand, according to a study conducted by a research team led by Professor Andre Beja published in 2010, the most significant explanatory factor for differences in sporting success is the position of the athlete's navel relative to his body.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

Human race

The pole is located at the centre of body mass and in West African athletes this ranks on average three centimeters higher than European athletes, which researchers say explains West Africans' success in sprint.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

Human race

The physique of Europeans, in turn, is more preferable in swimming.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

Human race

[83] However, based on numerous studies, it has emerged that neither the over-representation of African-Americans in professional sports in the United States, or more generally the success of the “black race” in top sports, is due to superior biological characteristics.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

Human race

While it is apparent that the genetic characteristics of other individuals are better suited to different sports than others, it has not been possible to show that these characteristics are correlated with individuals' skin color.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

Human race

According to Amby Burfoot, North and East African athletes typically excel in endurance sports such as marathon and West Africans in strength and speed sports such as sprint and long jump although both groups traditionally would be classified as belonging to the “black race”.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

Human race

Of the approximately 100,000 genes in humans, only 1 to 6 affect skin colour and no assumptions about other characteristics can be made.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

Human race

West and East Africans are both “black”, but differ more from each other in terms of physical performance than from the majority of whites.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

Human race

[84] According to Professor John Hoberman, the myth of physical superiority among black athletes is a widespread belief in white and black communities around the world alike.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

Human race

This belief has been considered to influence what sports different athletes take up to play and how strongly athletes believe in their chances of success in the sport.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

Human race

The myth thus functions as a self-fulfilling belief, even if it is not based on scientific research findings.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

Human race

According to Professor Donald Siegel, the success of African-American athletes in the United States is therefore not about an exceptionally talented group of people, but rather about the country's inter-ethnic relationships and the beliefs at the bottom of them.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

Human race

In a modern technological society, key skills are the ability to process information and build and operate machinery.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

Human race

According to sociologist Harry Edward, the belief in the superiority of black people's physical performance is a means of perpetuating stereotypes of whites, and dangerous because it easily leads to the hypothesis of “intellectual inferiority”.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

Human race

[84] After Christophe Lemaître was reduced as the first “Caucasian runner” in the summer of 2010, the 10-second limit in 100 metres running was extensively covered in the media on the runner's race.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

Human race

Lemaître himself felt that discussion of race and “Caucasian runners” was absurd and showed poor taste.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

Human race

[85] Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Malik, Kenan| title = Strange fruit: Why both sides are wrong in the race debate| location = Oxford| publisher = Oneworld| year = 2008| id = ISBN 978-185168-665-0| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

Human race

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Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

Human race

On topic elsewhere Official positions Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

Human race

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Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

Human race

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Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

Human race

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Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

Human race

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Question: What is the argument based on the different races of humanity?

Human race

* Category:49 Ethnology, Anthropology Category:Key Articles of Screening


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

The Valkeakoski Women's Guard was a Red Guard unit active during the 1918 Finnish Civil War and was part of the Valkeakoski Red Guards.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

It had been formed by women from the Valkeakoski industrial colony, which was part of the Sääksmäki Paper Mill, who were mostly workers at the Tervasaari paper mill.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

The Guard included at least 115 women in total, about 50 of whom were in the armed contingent, with others serving in maintenance and medical duties.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

Forty-seven of them were killed in fighting, executions and prison camps, almost all women in the armed contingent.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

The establishment of the Guard and general activities Industrial activities were started in Valkeakoski in Sääksmäki in the early 1870s and by 1917 the community had grown into an agglomeration of about 3,000 inhabitants.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

The Valkeakoski Workers' Association had been founded in 1896.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

The Labour Order Guard for the locality was formed in connection with the general strike of November 1917 and into the Red Guard it was changed a couple of days after the Civil War broke out on 30 January 1918.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

Members of the Valkeakoski Red Guard numbered about 600—700.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

[1] The Valkeakoski Women's Guard was established on 2 February, when it was joined by the first 20 women.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

In total there were no more than 120 to 130 members, most of whom worked in a paper mill.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

There were also at least another dozen maids or servants involved.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

[2] Along with Valkeakoski, Women Guards also emerged in Helsinki and Vyborg in the early days of February.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

[1] The women who joined the Guard were aged between 15 and 51, but the average age was only about 20 years.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

Those who belonged to the armed contingent were predominantly between 15 and 20 years old.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

Less than half of the Guards were already actively involved in the labour movement before the Civil War, as they belonged either to the local labour association or its subordinate professional, youth and women's sections.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

Guardsmen were paid a salary of 10 marks a day, which was roughly the same as the daily wage of a paper mill worker.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

[3] The head of the Valkeakoski Women's Guard, unlike most of the other women's guards, was Harald Nederström, a 24-year-old workman from Turku.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

The Women's Company was divided into three divisions whose chiefs were elected by voting.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

The head of the 1st Ward was 22-year-old Ida Järvinen, Lydia Lehto, 16 year old of the 2nd ward, and Amanda Kujala, 18 year old of the 3rd Ward.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

The Guard also included a possibly separate six-woman machine gun section.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

[4] Activities in Valkeakoski The armed section of Valkeakoski Women's Guard was accompanied by about 50 women, while others served in maintenance and medical duties.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

In addition to food maintenance, maintenance tasks included equipment maintenance and sewing clothes.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

[2] Approximately 30 Guardsmen served as nurses.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

Their trainer and leader was Hilda Rantanen.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

Nurses served after a short binding course at Toijala Hospital, from where they were also deployed with troops to the front at least to Kuhmois, Vehkajärvi and Ruovede.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

[5] Cookers were also sent to the front from Valkeakoski.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

[2] There is no precise information on the activities of the armed department in Valkeakoski, but apparently its programme included, in addition to exercises, a guard service.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

On 10 April, an accident occurred at the Valkeakoski Workers' House in which a young Red Guard gun accidentally went off and killed 17-year-old Siiri Lehtinen.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

She was buried four days later, allowing the funeral cortege to pass through an alley of honour formed by female Guardsmen armed with rifles.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

[6] Women in the armed detachments were also involved in the arrests and prisoner transport of white white men.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

On April 15, the Reds arrested about 30 men not belonging to the Red Guards who had disobeyed an order given by the staff to arrive for work duty.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

Ten of the captured men were shot.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

Liisa Laurén, 19, of the Female Guards, was involved in the executions of Gunnar Carpelan, the technical director of the paper mill, and Johan Niska, engineer, in Hausjärvi two days later.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

She was the only member of the Valkeakoski Women's Guard to perpetrate the executions of whites.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

[6] Battles The armed division of the Valkeakoski Women's Guards took part in the fighting only in the final stages of the war, when a load of thousands of red men who fled western Finland sought towards Eastern Finland.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

The Female Guards were clearing a way for the column through the White and German lines at Hauhon Alvettula and the church village and the village of Syrjänta in Tuulos, until they finally became prisoners.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

[7] After the recapture of Tampere on 6 April, the Swedish Brigade launched an attack on Valkeakoski on 24 April, from which the Reds fled towards Hämeenlinna.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

Some made the journey by road and some in turn on paper mill barges and ships.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

However, the German Baltic Division recaptured Hämeenlinna on 26 April, from which the ship passengers heard Hattula at Mierola.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

They got ashore and continued their journey on foot, turning now instead of Hämeenlinna towards Hauho on its north side and joining the thousands of Reds who had fled Hämeenlinna.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

The purpose of the refugee loadmast was to reach Lahti and from there further to the east of the Kymi River.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

[7] The Valkeakoski Women's Guard first came into battle on 27 April at Alvettula, Hauho, where they captured the Alvettula Bridge held by the Whites and were thus able to continue their journey towards the Hauho church village.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

Based on several eyewitness accounts, the women of Valkeakoski played an important part in the takeover.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

Attempts had been made to cross the bridge earlier, but this was only succeeded under the leadership of the Female Guardsmen who had attacked them.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

From Alvettula, the refugee loader continued to make their way towards the church village of Hauho, where the next morning they were caught up in battle by Germans and Whites.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

However, the enemy attempting to take over the church village was repulsed and the column continued to move towards Lahti.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

After the battle, the women of Valkeakoski still barricaded themselves to protect the loadmast in case of a new attack by the Germans until they continued on their own.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

[7] However, the Reds still faced the Germans that evening in a battle in the village of Syrjänta in Tuulos, one of the most famous and bloodiest of the whole war.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

After a sustained artillery concentration overnight, the Reds attacked the German positions that had closed the road junction.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

The first to attack were once again the women of Valkeakoski and finally the Germans were forced to retreat in the face of superiority.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

In memoirs he wrote later, Rüdiger von der Goltz, the commander of the German troops, was astonished by the ferocious assault of Valkeakoski women.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

An estimated 90 Germans and 300 Red Guards were killed in the battle.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

The 18 km long load mast of refugees was then able to pass through the village of Syrjäntta towards Lahti.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

However, a group of white-alike women remained prisoners of the Germans.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

The path of the Reds that reached the Bay was also broken a couple of days later inside the enemy cordon.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

At least three women of the Valkeakoski Female Guards fell with certainty in the fighting.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

[7] The Germans handed over the white people they had taken as prisoners after the Battle of Syrjänta to the Whites, who executed them at Hauho on 1 May.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

In the days following the battle, the women's Guardsmen of Advuki Valkeakoski remained prisoners in Lahti, Hollola, Iiti, Hämeenkoski, Tyrväö and Kärkölä.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

Some were able to escape to Valkeakoski, where they were also captured.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

Female Guardsmen who avoided execution were later taken to prison camps in Lahti, Hämeenlinna and Suomenlinna.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

[7] The mass execution of Hauho after the Battle of Syrjänta some of Valkeakoski's Female Guards were captured by the Germans in confusing circumstances.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

There is no information on the exact course of events, but most likely the Germans managed to cut off the refugee load at the tail end, leaving the women who accompanied it as prisoners as well.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

The Germans left the village on the evening following the battle on 29 April and handed over some 150 prisoners to the Finns.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

[8] Among them were probably between 30 and 50 women, not all of whom were members of the armed contingent.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

Before the execution, the women were held for two days in the barn of Suomaa House.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

There are conflicting accounts of events, with some accounts saying that whites did not visit the barn inside, but security guards circled outside it.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

However, according to Vilho Siivola, a theatre adviser who wrote about the events of the civil war in his autobiography, the women may have been raped.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

He bases his views ten years after the war on the accounts he heard from residents of nearby houses.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

[8] On the morning of 1 May, women began to be transported to the execution site, located in the village of Mustila, on the edge of the Siikaiste swamp.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

The Whites had dug a mass grave at the site to complete.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

The execution was carried out by ordering a plank placed across the tomb to stand five women at a time, from which they were then shot.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

The execution was also witnessed by the inhabitants of the neighbouring regions and was carried out by men from Ostrobothnia and the patrons of Tuulos.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

Also involved was also reportedly Ice-Lieutenant Hugo Österman, who later became Commander of the Defence Force.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

[8] The total number of executed women was between 24 and 29.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

However, a memorial at the site mentions 36 executed wildfire women, but the number is likely too high or some of the victims were from somewhere else.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

[8] Of the female guard members captured in Valkeakoski, at least three were executed in the forest behind Sorrila school on 3 May.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

In addition, one to four women were executed in prison camps and seven died of various diseases or starvation.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

A total of 30 Valkeakoski Female Guardsmen were dealt with by the State Criminal Court, four of whom received absolute sentences.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

[9] Other Anneli Kannon's novel Veriruusut, published in 2008, tells the story of the Valkeakoski and Tampere Women's Guards.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

[10] Theatre director Pekka Saaristo has dramatised a play of the same name based on the book, which has been performed in places such as Pori and Tampere.


Question: Who founded the Valkeakoski Women's Guard?

Valkeakoski Women's Guard

[11] [12] Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Tuomisto, Marjatta| title= 1918: Battle Descriptions at Pälkänen Laitikkala and Hauho front| location = Hämeenlinna| publisher = author| year = 2014| id = ISBN 978-952-28282-4}} Sources Citation replace error with {{cite book| author = Anttonen, Varpu| title = Valkeakoski Female Guard in the Finnish Civil War 1918| location = Tampere| publisher = University of Tampere| year = 2009| format = [online version]}} References Category:Valkeakoski Category:History of Pirkanmaa


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

Creeper () (also performed in Finland as Pyrkyri and Predatory) is the titular name for supervillains and antiheroes featured in comic books by the Marvel publishing house, including Hobie Brown, Rick Lawson and Aaron Davis (Miles Morales' uncle).


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

The character's first appearance occurred in issue 78 (1969) of the Amazing Spider-Man magazine.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

The creeper was created by Stan Lee and John Buscema.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

In Finland, Hiipija's first appearance occurred in Issue 52 (1970) of the Ihmesarja.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

The fictional history of Hobie Brown Hobie Brown was the original Creeper.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

He was an intelligent but temperamental African-American who, after being fired from his window cleaner job, became a super criminal to steal items and then return them as Hobie.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

Having put the “Creeper” costume at his disposal, Hobie attempted to rob the payroll department of the Daily Bugle's office in order to gain publicity.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

Peter Parker caught him in the act himself.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

In order not to reveal himself as Spider-Man, Peter pretended to have been pushed through a window and secretly saved himself with his spider powers.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

A traumatized Hobie fled to the roof, where Spider-Man advised him not to waste his life as a criminal.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

Hobie went on to become an honorable citizen and later played Spider-Man at the request of the hero himself, in order to keep Peter's own identity secret.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

After Superintendent George Stacy was killed in Spider-Man's battle with Doctor Octopus, Hobie, who blames Spider-Man, decided to find his hands on him.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

He later began a career as a construction worker and married Mindy S. McPherson.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

Other versions of Ultimate Marvel Ultimate in Marvel's world The creeper was Aaron Davis, Miles Morales' uncle.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

Aaron and his brother Jefferson Davis committed multiple crimes in their youth.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

Jefferson gave up his crimes after marrying Rio Morales, but Aaron did not give up his ways and instead began committing ever greater bursaries under the name of “The Creeper”.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

A creeper breaks out of Oscorp's abandoned lab safe with a small red box and other rare items, but one of Oscorp's genetically modified spiders secretly crawls into his sack.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

While Miles visits his uncle, he is bitten by a spider.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

Miles faints and Jefferson refuses to let Aaron near Miles.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

[1] While visiting Mexico City, Aaron makes a deal with local crime leader Mac Gargan/ Scorpio.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

After the adversity caused by their cooperation, Aaron is arrested by Mexican police officers.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

He returns to New York and after hearing from Elijah Stern about Oscorp's genetically engineered spiders, he realizes one of them was biting Miles.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

To hide the matter, Aaron kills Stern and steals several of his gear: electrified and flying suits, as well as electrified gloves.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

Aaron decides to wear a winged suit to kill Scorpio and the next day confesses to Miles that he knows he is the new Spider-Man.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

[2] At first Aaron manages to persuade Miles to help fight Scorpio, but Miles eventually realizes his uncle's true nature.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

[3] When Miles plans to cut ties with Aaron, who threatens to tell Jefferson and Rio he is Spider-Man, a fight ensues between them, but then Aaron's gauntlet explodes, wounding Aaron, who noted how much he and Miles resembled each other.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

After this, Aaron died of his wounds.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

[4] After a year, Spider-Man finds out that Aaron had been hired by Phillip Roxxon to break into Oscorp.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

[5] In other media Television Hobie Brown appeared in the Spider-Man animated series.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

He made his first appearance when he worked for a crime boss named Iceberg and felt he didn't get the appreciation he wanted from the job he did.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

When Iceberg found out about it, he planned to have Hob killed.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

He managed to escape, but he had to get out of town.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

He planned to steal a passer-by's purse to get the money out of town.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

It was revealed to be Mary Jane Watson's handbag while she and Peter Parker were saving money for an apartment.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

Hobie escaped but was grabbed by Spider-Man and Hobie was delivered to prison.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

While he was in prison, he saved Richard Fisk's life.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

As a reward, the Kingpin (Richard's father) arranged for Hob to have a good lawyer and, after Hobie was let out of prison, a special suit.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

Hobie used his new costume to get revenge on his former boss Iceberg.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

But there was a trap in the suit, if he tried to move the belt out of the suit, it would explode.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

He and Spider-Man collaborated in attacking the Kingpin and managed to remove the problem from Hob's costume.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

Hobie had no intention of continuing on the path of crime again and planned to return back to his normal life.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

His voice was played by Tim Russ.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

Cinematographer Aaron Davis starred in Spider-Man: Homecoming, as Donald Glover.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

Davis was a petty criminal who robbed gas stations.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

Herman Schultz and Jackson Brice attempted to peddle him weapons made from Chitauri technology and Ultron remnants, but Spider-Man came to stop the deal making.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

Later, Spider-Man confronts Davis at the parking house and pins him with a web to his car before asking for information about Vulture and the whereabouts of his henchmen.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

Davis tells Vulture's next client to be Mac Gargan and tells him he wants to keep guns out of his home area for the safety of his nephew.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

Spider-Man leaves after telling him the cob would melt hours from now and an annoyed Davis says the ice cream will melt into the car.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

Aaron Davis' version of the Creeper will appear in the 2018 animated film Spider-Man: Towards the Spider Universe, with his voice actor Mahershala Ali.


Question: Who created Mary Jane Watson?

Screeper

Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lauri “Mail-Man” Creak| title = Spider-Man 7/1991| publisher = Kustannus Oy Semic| year = 1991| id = ISSN 284117-91-07}} References category:Superheroes of the Marvel universe Category:Opponents of Spider-Man Class:Spider-Man's tributaries


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

In general, human length varies little compared to other human anatomical features.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

In general, the length follows the normal distribution.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

Exceptional length is often caused by giant growth or dwarfism.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

Length is influenced by lineage, nutrition and environmental factors.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

Adult males globally average 166 centimeters long and females 154 centimeters.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

On average, the longest people live in the 2010s in European countries such as the Netherlands, Latvia and Estonia.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

Factors Human height is a strongly hereditary characteristic.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

According to twin studies, about 90% of the length is genetically determined.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

[1] Human length is determined by the interaction of multiple gene variants.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

The greatest effect is given by some rare variants, even more than two centimeters.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

By 2017, an international consortium of groups of researchers for the Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits (GIANT) has identified nearly 800 gene variants that affect human height.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

With the discoveries, 27.4 per cent of the heritability of length has now been clarified.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

The first 700 gene variants were discovered in 2014 through a genome-wide addiction study that scans a large number of genomes.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

This is how common variants are found, which each, however, have an effect of at most only one millimeter on the length.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

In 2017, the team used the ExomeChip method, which it used to find 83 rarer variants that occur in up to five percent of people.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

These variants affect the genes encoding proteins, and 24 of them have an effect of more than one centimetre on length.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

[2] Inbreeding and the resulting homozygosity impairs length growth.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

According to a study of 35,000 people published in 2012, cousins' children are on average 3 centimetres shorter than children whose parents are not related to each other.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

[3] A person's height growth is also influenced by the effects of environmental factors on his health.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

External burdens reduce growth.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

The intake of necessary nutrition increases growth.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

[4] Due to variation in environmental factors, the average lengths of the same populations may have varied greatly from generation to generation.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

In bad times such as wartime, the average length of the population has often temporarily decreased.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

The early European hunter-gatherer men of the Stone Age Gravette culture were 183 centimetres tall on average.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

When farming came to Europe about 8000 years ago, the average length of men decreased in a short time to 20 centimeters.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

The change has been speculated to have been caused by a sudden decrease in protein content in the diet as a result of the switch to cereals.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

Over the next seven thousand years, the average height of Europeans did not greatly increase, though the well-eaten upper class was clearly taller than the usual people.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

Admittedly, Englishmen who went to America to emigrate grew by 12 centimetres thanks to the good agricultural opportunities in the New World.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

In the 19th century, the Industrial Revolution and urbanisation again eroded Westerners” food supply and protection against disease, reducing the average length.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

It was not until the 1870s, as nutrition, hygiene and health care improved, that Europeans began to become longer again.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

Since then, Europeans have lengthened by more than a centimeter per decade all the way into the 21st century.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

The improved nutritional and health care situation in the rest of the world has also caused, for example, Koreans and Iranians to become much longer.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

[5] In many countries, environmental factors no longer slow human growth, so the genetic maximum length has been reached, and the average length is no longer increasing.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

People in some rice-consuming Asian countries apparently still have room for growth, as too little protein intake prevents people there from growing to their full size.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

[6] Height Growth Final adult length is reached at 15—20 years of age.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

A woman grows her last millimeters usually at 15—17 years old, and a man at 18—21 years old.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

Predicting adulthood is best done by studying skeletal age.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

[7] Consequences Short people have been found in several studies to live older than tall people on average.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

Tall people, for example, have a higher risk of developing cancer or a blood clot than short ones, and they also have a higher risk of injury.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

According to a 2012 study in Sardinia, the life span of a short man is on average about two years longer than that of other men.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

[8] [9] In some categories of organ, an athlete's height can have an impact on his or her success.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

Tall athletes have an advantage in sports where dimension is beneficial, such as boxing, swimming, basketball and volleyball.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

Brevity is useful in sports where agility and speed are important, such as gymnastics.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

Sprinters are often tall because they benefit from a long stride, but endurance runners are often short, as the short runner has a low energy expenditure.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

In some sports, such as football and baseball, players of varying lengths have been seen at the highest peak.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

[10] The average length of people in different countries The global average length of adult women is 154 centimeters and 166 centimeters for men.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

[11] Comparing countries, Dutch and Icelanders are on average the longest in the world.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

The average length for Dutch men is 183.8 centimetres and 170 centimetres for women.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

[12] [13] The figures for Icelanders are 181.0 centimetres for men and 167.6 centimetres for women.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

[14] [15] Residents of other European countries as well as North America are also among the longest-lived globally.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

However, the fastest growth in height is in Iran, as well as in South Korea, where women have lengthened in 100 years by up to 20 centimeters.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

[16] Pygmies in the rainforests of Central Africa are among the shortest peoples in the world.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

For example, males of the Eastern Batwa people average 152.9 and women 145.7 centimetres tall, and pygmy men of western Cameroon average 150 centimetres.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

Gene variants that affect growth hormone receptors and, consequently, length have been found in pygmies.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

[17] [18] Countries with relatively low average length are particularly in Latin America, Africa and South and Southeast Asia.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

Longitude growth has deteriorated in recent decades in some countries in the Middle East, North Africa and south of the Sahara.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

[16] Finnish length According to new growth curves published in 2011, the average length of Finnish young men is 180.7 centimeters and the average height of young women is 167.5 centimeters.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

[31] According to measurements taken in 2013, the average length of Finnish men aged 25—74 was 178 centimeters and 164 centimeters for women.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

The average length for Finnish men aged 25—34 was 179 centimetres and 166 centimetres for women.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

[32] Of young Finnish men under 167 centimetres or over 195 centimetres, there is one per cent of both.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

Young women under 155-centimetres and over six centimetres also account for one per cent in their age range.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

[33] The longest people in Finland are in southwestern Finland (Turku and Loimaa), where the average length for men aged 25—34 was 180 centimetres and 167 centimetres for women.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

[33] Finnish children today are significantly longer than those born in 1959—1971, and children reach their final height faster than before.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

[34] In 1922, the average height of a Finnish man aged 25 to 45 years was 171 centimeters.


Question: What is the average lifespan of men in Japan?

Human length

[35] Records Sources Length Category:Screening Key Articles


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Kangasala Church is a stone church built in the 1760s.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The church, built by Antti Piimänen on the basis of a plan drawn up by the Swedish Superintendent Office, is located in the centre of Kangasala, near Kirkkoharju.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The church was commissioned without a tower in 1767, but definitively the church with turrets was completed in the fall of 1776.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The church tower fell in 1782 and the new tower was completed in the autumn of 1800.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The church today houses a 34-tone organ built by Kangasala Organ Rakentamo Oy in 1988 with three fingers.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

As a personal detail, the roof of the church is formed of hundreds of stars in rams.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

On the wall of the left rear side of the church is laid stone, which according to legend has served as the beheading platform for Kaarina in Kuussalo.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

[1] Blood droplets on the coat of arms of Kangasala symbolize this event.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Kangasala Church is a popular wedding church and during summer time it is a road church.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

A service is held in the church every Sunday at10.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

[2] History of the Church Kangasala parish separated from Pirkkala parish after the middle of the 14th century to become its own parish.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

[1] In 1366, Kangasala is first mentioned as having its own vicar.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

[3] In 1403, a document mentions Rötker Paavalinpoika Trastin as the vicar of Kangasala.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Kangasala must have already been a significant parish in the Middle Ages, as in 1409 the vicar of Kangasala took over as the priest of Turku Cathedral and later the Judicial Respondent.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

[1] The first wooden church in Kangasala was built in the 14th century on the lands of Liuksiala Manor.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

There had previously been an ancient cult site on the site of the wooden church.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

[1] Today there are four churches in the Kangasala parish area: Kangasa, Sakhalahti, Kuhmalahti and Vehkajärvi.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The current stone church of Kangasala is the third (known) church in Kangasa.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

[1] The first was located in Liuksiala, from where it was moved in the 1640s to near the site of the present church.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

According to tradition, one of the reasons for the move was because the people stomped the fields as they walked into the church.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Today the Liuksiala Chapel built by Jalmari Meurman, the then host of Liuksiala Manor, is located on the site of Liuksiala Church.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The second, the Dukeala Church, was built in the 1650s and, as it fell and became cramped, it was decided to build a new stone church in its place.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The construction of a new church was discussed as early as the 1730s, but construction work could not begin until 1764.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The building master was Anders Piimänen and the masonry master was Gust.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Rosenberg.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The church was consecrated without a tower in November 1767 and renamed Prince Gustav Church (Gustav III was ruler of Sweden from 1771−1793).


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Originally, the belfry was located opposite the church on Tapulinmäki.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The bell tower was finally completed in connection with the church in the fall of 1776.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

However, the construction trace was not good throughout, and a 1780 bishopric inspection found ruptures in the tower which should have been urgently repaired.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

However, repair work took to begin, and the tower fell in May 1782, also taking with it part of the churchyard's stone fence.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Planning for the construction of a new tower was started in 1785; however, the actual construction work did not begin until May 1799.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The start of construction work had been delayed, apparently, by rooftop years and poverty.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The new tower was completed in autumn 1800.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

[4] The tower has three bells.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Two of the bells are from the 18th century: the larger bell has the year 1777 and the smaller 1787.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Originally the bells were rung from the Tapulinmäki tower, but since 1800 the bells have been in place in the current tower.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The third bell was donated by writer Jalmari Finne to the parish in 1934.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Today, the ringing of bells is automated.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

According to tradition, church bells obtained in the 17th century have been embedded in the bottom of the present Ukki Lake during the Great Wrath.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

According to stories, the ringing of bells embedded in the lake may sometimes still be heard.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The top of the bell tower has been illuminated since the 1970s.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

It's a reminder that the church is like a burning candle, which even in the dark points towards the sky.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Repair works in 1839 The church was repaired, among other things, in 1839.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

It was then that windows were renewed, the floor was leveled and raised, and popped planks were replaced over the old planks.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The bookboards and galleries were repaired and the pews were renewed.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The altar was made semicircular.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The colouring of the church was also renewed.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The doors became black and the window frames were blue.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The walls were bleached with adhesive dye.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The ceiling was painted light blue, and pictures of an angel were painted here and there.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

In 1823, a new altarpiece depicting Jesus praying in Gethsemane had also been obtained for the church.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The altar complex is from this period.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The next larger renovation took place at the end of the 1890s, but prior to that was renovated, among other things, the clock tower roof in the 1850s.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

In 1869, the church was bleached from the inside with unquenchable lime.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

In 1845, the church received its first organ.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The organ came from Finland's first organ factory, the Kangasala Organ Factory, founded in 1843 by Anders Thulé as an organ versa.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The organ of Kangasala Church was the second organ of the organ factory (opus 2/1845).


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The first organ was made in 1844 for Tammisaari Church and others in 1845 for Kangasala Church.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Bror Axel Thulé expanded his workshop founded by his father Anders Thulé into an organ factory.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

In 1911, the organ factory passed to Thulé's son Martti Tulenheimo.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

At the beginning of the 20th century, the Thulés translated their name into Tulenheimo.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

After Martti Tulenheimo, the factory was continued by his son Pertti Tulenheimo.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

After his death, the factory ceased operations.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Organ factories have also been actively involved in municipal and political activities.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

During Pertti Tulenheimo's time, the factory was the largest in the Nordic countries in its field.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Repair works in 1896 The 1896 renovation was a great contribution from the parish, both financially and also because Josef Stenbäck, who graduated as architect in Stuttgart, was hired as the designer.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

In the renovation, floor planks were removed and the base of the church was filled with gravel and coated with a layer of cement-stroke.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Doors, side gallers, hymn boards and benches were remodeled.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The windows and organ gallery were enlarged, and the altar and pulpit were repaired.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The interiors were painted.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The interior ceiling of the church was lined with cardboard and coated with plain-cloth.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The ceiling was painted in oil dye and decorated with stars.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The ceiling represented the Central European Baroque style.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

In 1907, the church received its second organ, but the façade remained the same.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

However, the overhaul was so thorough that the organ received a new opus number 190.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The church was electrified in the 1920s.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

In the early 1930s, there was also discussion about turning heating into electric, but in the end it was decided for cost reasons to stick to wood heating.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Repair work in 1954−1955 The repair of the church, completed in 1955, eradicated the flocks of cross spindles, refurbished hymn boards and increased lighting using wall sconces.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The biggest change was covering the starry sky of the 1890s with a light green color.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The reason for this is reported to have been that parishioners focused instead of listening to the sermon on counting the stars.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The church also received a new organ and the facade of the old organ was moved over the side door for decoration.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The new organ was electro-pneumatic, so the old facade was able to incorporate three soundtracks played from the organ table, which were playable until the 1980s renovation on the new organ with a separate finger.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Behind the facade, therefore, have ringing new organ whistles.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The church was reconsecrated on 22 December 1954 and the organ on 11 December 1955.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

1980s repair work to the vestibule of the church was carried out in 1979 with sanitary facilities.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The 1978−1982 Operational and Economic Plan had also drawn attention to the paucity of lighting and the wear and tear of interior painting.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

There were also plans to mechanise the ringing of bells.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

In relation to the repairs, the Bureau of Museums issued its statement that the starting point of design had to be the preservation of the outfit of the then situation and the 1890s repairs.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Seppo Rihlama and his offices (Architectististo Rihlamo-Lehtonen-Luoto) were chosen as architect.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The architect began planning in the spring of 1984, and the final renovation plan was approved by the church council in March 1986.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

During the renovation, the benches were repaired and repainted.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

All the old colour layers were removed from the benches, the slots were repaired with wood, and a paraphrase painted, or ootrat.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Before the renovation, the pews of the churches of Tyrva, Kiikka and Lempäälä were painted at the same time.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

It was also decided to preserve and repair the bowling fencing of the altar.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The pulpit was left unconserved because of its good colouring.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Electric heating of the floor was renewed.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The old brick floor was paved with concrete.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

At the same time, the stair going to the shell was lost from the floor.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Electrical equipment was also renewed.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Big chandeliers were laid out in such a way that they no longer obscured the visibility, for example, into the pulpit.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The hymn tables were made similar to those designed by Josef Stenbäck in 1896.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Seppo Rihlama also designed a reading pulpet suitable for the rest of the interior.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

In addition, close to the main door were made bridal and children's rooms.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

A significant part of the renovation was also the restoration of the starry sky familiar from the early 20th century to the interior ceiling of the church.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The church also received a new organ, in order of fourths.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The organ was designed by Pentti Pelto and was manufactured by Kangasalan Organ Rakentamo, which continued the tradition of the Kangasala Organ Factory since 1983.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The organ in question is a mechanical late-Baroque organ and represent the era of church construction.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

They come with three finger grips, a pedal and 34 audio multiplies.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

There are about 1500 whistles, of which 102 in the facade.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The organ facade of the first organ, placed in Eteläzakara, no longer rings due to the mechanicality of the new organs.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The facade for the organ was designed by Seppo Rihlama and Pentti Pelto, and the painting was performed by Jaakko Rintala.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Part of the 1956 organ facade was placed in the delivery chapel of the sacristy.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Pentti Pelto also prepared a program for ringing church bells.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Church textiles were also renewed as part of the repair work.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Fabric textile artists Meri Haavisto and Helinä Jaakkola helped in the design.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Seppo Rihlama designed antependiums and each of the Kangasalan Martta associations produced one of them as a talco work.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The church was reconsecrated on 18 October 1987.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

However, the organ façade painting had not yet been completed, so the organ was inaugurated a few months later on 13 March 1988.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The interior of Kangasala Church is currently in the costume of the renovation of the late 1980s and partly in the summer of 2017.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Artifacts from previous churches have also been preserved in the church.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Medieval saint sculptures have been placed on the altar wall and on both sides of it.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

[4] The sculptures are dated to the 15th century.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Next to the pulpit is Saint Henry, opposite the Apostle John and next to the altar the mourning Virgin Mary.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

In particular, the sculpture depicting the Virgin Mary still shows remnants of the statue's colouring.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

A renovation in the summer of 2017 saw the altar removed from the wall.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The new altar was introduced at the 650-year-old and Kangasala Parish 650th Anniversary Mass at Kangasala Church on 29 October 2017 under Bishop Matti Revo.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The wooden pulpit was originally donated to another church in Kangasala, namely Dukeala Church, in 1661.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

It was donated by Gustav Ille, the master of the Wääksy estate.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

There are nine wooden figures circling the pulpit railing, which have been interpreted to impersonate the apostles.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

On top of the baldaquin is a pelican, which in Christian symbolism depicts Christ.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The inside of the baldaquin is depicted with the sun and, in addition, angelic figures can be found in the pulpit.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The pulpit is supported by Saint Christophoros, or “the bearer of Christ”.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The pulpit was refurbished in connection with the 1896 renovation.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The present altarpiece dates from 1823.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Painted by Swedish Major Johan J. Tavastjärna, the painting depicts Jesus praying in the Garden of Gethsemane.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

[4] There are also sleeping disciples in the background.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

An old altarpiece, timed to either the 1750s or 1770s, has also been retained on the side ship.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The bottom of the board depicts the birth of Jesus and at the top the entry into Heaven.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The painting is most likely a donation from 1757 by soldiers returning from the Pomeranian War.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Another option related to the origin is that it was painted in 1771 by soldiers of the Pori regiment.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

In Swedish it says “Men of Galilee, what ye stand and look up to the sky.” according to Acts 1:11.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The painting depicts the child Jesus, the Virgin Mary, shepherds and the Sages of the East, as well as angels.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Mary is dressed in 18th-century fashion and wears, among other things, a string of pearls around her neck.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The skyline of the city is outlined in the background.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

On the side ship to the right of the old organ are portraits of Kaarina Maundaughter and her daughter Sigrid Vaasa.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

There is no precise information on the origin of the paintings.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

They were donated by Johan Fredrik Heldt, a Turku camreer who died in 1854.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Kaarina Maunundaughter, consort of King Eerik XIV of Sweden, lived on Kangasa in Liuksiala Manor from 1577−1612.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

On the left side of the facade of the old organ in the wall is the memorial plaque of Kivennava Church.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

At the time of the Station War in 1943, a church was built in Kivennava under the leadership of Major General Aaro Pajar.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

As the troops retreated in 1944, the church burned down, but Lieutenant Colonel Valkonen and his men took the painting with them.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

It was delivered to Pajar home.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Aaro Pajar's housedresser, Sylvi Salminen, was from Kangasa, and after Pajar's death in 1949, at Salminen's suggestion, the painting was donated to Kangasala parish because most of the Kivennava evakas had migrated to Kangasa.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Beneath the memorial tablet of Kivennava Church is a plaque commemorating the hero fathers of Kangasala.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

During the renovation of the 1980s, Kangasala war veterans suggested that even inside the church, the memory of the hero devotees who gave their lives during the 1939−1945 wars for the Fatherland could be seen.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Behind the memorial board is enclosed the personal data of the heroines, information about the service and the fall.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The memorial tablet was designed by Mauno Juvonen.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Above the side flock, the old hymn board displays hymn 470, or Soldier's Hymn, according to the old hymnal.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The Kangasala Church was the orca church of the Tampere anti-aircraft battery located in the Vatiala, 1950−1980.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Next to the steps of the pulpit is the Cross of Liberty and the Order of Liberty issued by Marshal Mannerheim to Finnish mothers on Mother's Day 1942.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

It is a familiar sight in Finnish churches, but in Kangasa it has a special meaning.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The initiative to remember the mothers was made by Kangasalan ensign Toivo Jussila on 12 January 1942.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

A starry sky was restored to the interior ceiling of Kangasala Church during the 1980s renovation.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The coffered ceiling is decorated with ootratuin stars, in the center of which there is still a leaf-golden star.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Cassette refers to a profiled covering board of the suspended ceiling, which is usually four- or polygonal or circular.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

A similar roof is rare in Finnish churches.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Lamps of various ages have also been preserved in the church.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The large chandeliers on the central ship were made in connection with the 1980s renovation and are designed by Seppo Rihlama.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Lighting fixtures once donated to the church are also in use, which have later been electrified.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The organ loft's two six-pronged brass candle crowns were donated to the Dukeala Church by Anders Rundel, the owner of Sorola Manor.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The two large chandeliers on the side ship are from the 1790s.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The congregation first acquired a brass chandelier for its church, and a couple of years later, another wooden chandelier was donated by the reed soldiers of Kangasala.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The crystal chandeliers in the side flock are from the 19th century.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Facing below, on the left is the donation of the House of Tavela, and on the right is the donation of Varma and Pauli Sariola.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The mission candelabra is next to the pulpit and was designed and manufactured by Onni Koski and Rauno Rantalainen in 1987.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Candelabra recalls a command to take the gospel to the ends of the earth.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The proceeds from the candles are used for missionary work.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

A baptismal tree was obtained next to the mission candelabra in 2017, on which the names of children baptized in the parish are hung.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

On a round-topped birch plywood green heart hung on a baptismal tree, manufactured by Lovi Oy, write the first names of the baptised person and the date of baptism.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

The idea is to emphasize the importance of the little ones in the parish in the church and symbolise the tree of life.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Kangasala Church has been recognized for its accessibility and accessibility.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

In 2000, Kangasala Church was awarded the Order of Invalid League for consideration of disability and accessibility.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

In 2016, Kangasala Church was chosen by Radio Dei listeners as the most accessible church in Finland.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Kangasala Old Cemetery The current stone church was completed in 1767, but the cemetery around the church has been commissioned as early as 1650.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

[5] The cemetery covers an area of about 1.2 hectares.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

In addition to the old cemetery, Kangasa has two other cemeteries, the Western Cemetery in the center, established in the early 20th century, and the Eastern, or Huutijärvi Cemetery, established in the 1930s.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

[6] The old cemetery contains the family grave of Finne.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Jalmari Finne was a writer, Finnish writer, theatre manager and family and settlement historian born in Kangasa.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Finne wanted a grave memorial to honour the memory of his mother, Wilhelmina Finne.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Jalmari Finne has donated a communion vessel, fair sock, baptismal chalice, church bell and memorial stone “For those who are forgotten” to Kangasala parish.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Vicars First, Liuksiala Church —1766 Magister Rotcherus Olavi Finke Sigfrid Henrik Laurentinus Henrikinpoika Olavi Olavinpoika Björn Georgius Henrikinpoika Johannes Henrikinpoika Agricola Carolus Henrikinpoika Agricola Andreas Judas Henricus Georginpoika Henricus Arvidinpoika Second, Ducal Church 1645—1800 Josefus Matinpoika Melartopaeus Magister Johannes Arvidinpoika Frisius Johannes Thuronius Abraham John John John John John John John John John John John John John John John John John John John John John John John John John John John John John John John Gustaf Allenius Third, present church (Prince Gustav Church) 1767— Johan Tennberg (1786—1809) Abraham Liljenstrand (1810—1835) Edward Bergenheim (1840—1850) Henrik Tallqvist (1851—1854) Esaias Wegelius (1855—1875) Johan Adolf Colérus (1878—1889) Frans Frithiof Wallenius (1890— 1909) Faith Äänis Ilmi Tuhkanen (1910—1941) Johannes (Hannes) Samuli Heribert Pihlamaa (1943—1961) Tuomas Eemil Ponsimaa (1961—1964) Mauri Eenok Malkavaara (1965—1972) Pentti Kaarlo Olavi Hytönen (1973—1992) Heikki Julius Olavi Nurmiranta “Inssi” (1992—2003) Jarppo Jarva (2003—) Organ 34-tone, mechanical late-baroque organ with three fingers.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Pos.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

I: Principal 8" Gedackt 8" Quintaden 8" Octava 4" Copula 4" Tuchflöte 2" Sequialtera 2x Scharf 3x Dulzian 16" Krummhorn 8" and Tremola.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

HW II: Principal 16" Octava 8" Rohrflöte 8" Octava 4" Spliztflöte 4" Quinta 2 2/3" Octava 2" Terz 1 3/5" Mixtur 5x Trompete 8" BW III Gedackt 8" Rohrflöte 4" Principal 2" Tertian 2x Sedecima 1" Regal 8" Tremola POS-HW, W Ped POS Ped, Horizontal Pedal for BW.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Pedal Principal 16" Subbass16" Octava 8" Mixtur 4x Posaune 16" Trompete 8".


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Married: 13.3.1988 Designer: Pentti Pelto, Kangasalan Urkurakentamo Oy Fasadi: Seppo Rihlama and Pentti Pelto Earlier organ, Kangasalan Organ Factory cr 2/1845 cr 190/1907 cr 587/1955 Pictures of Apostle John in the church Chandelier church Kangasala Church old altarpiece The all-seeing eye of God above the altar Church's ornate pulpit from 17th century Kangasala church tower commemorative plaque Cross in church tower Sources Hytönen, Pentti: Kangasala Church and its servants 1400−1995.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Kangasala Parish, Kangasala 1995.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Hytönen, Pentti; Juvonen, Kirsti; Puula, Leo (ed.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

): Kangasala Churchyards.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Kangasala-Seura ry., Kangasala 1998.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Jäntti, Juha: The Liuksiala Chapel cherishes centuries of tradition.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Home Church.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Kangasala Parish Party Annex 5/2017, 4−5.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Ojanen, Eve: History of Kuhmalahti Parish.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

Kuhmalahti Parish, Kuhmalahti 1992.


Question: When was the Kangasala Church put into operation without a tower?

Kangasala Church

References on the topic elsewhere Category:Church buildings in Kangasala Category:Finnish stone churches Category:Finnish keeper churches


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List of female presidents

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Question: What country had the world's first female president?

List of female presidents

The list includes both current and former female presidents.