Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

Eryxias.


Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

Alkibiades II.


Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

Axiochus.


Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

Translated by A.


Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

M. Anttila, Marja Itkonen-Kaila| id = ISBN 951-1-15898-8}} Other translations and texts Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Burnet, J.


Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

(ed.


Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

) | title = Platonis Opera| location = Oxford| publisher = Oxford University Press| year = 1900—1907| version = 5 parts.


Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

Oxford Classical Texts}} Original Greek text.


Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

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Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

& Hutchinson, D.


Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

P.


Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

(ed.


Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

) | title= Plato: Complete Works| location = Indianapolis| publisher = Hackett| year = 1997}} English translation.


Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title= Plato's Works| location = Cambridge, Massachusetts| publisher = Harvard University Press| year = 1927| version=12 parts.


Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

Loeb Classical Library}} Original Greek text and English translation.


Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

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Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

) | title = A Companion to Plato| location = Malden (Massachusetts) | publisher = Blackwell| year = 2006| version=Blackwell Companions to Philosophy| id = ISBN| language = Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

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Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

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Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

) | title = The Cambridge Companion to Plato| location = Cambridge| publisher = Cambridge University Press| year = 1992| version=Cambridge Companions to Philosophy| id = ISBN 0-521-43018-6| language = Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato


Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Thesleff, Holger| title = Platon| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 1989| version = Marja Itkonen-Kaila| id = ISBN 951-1-10491-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Thesleff, Holger| title = Plato's riddle| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 2011| version = Pinja Riikonen| id = ISBN 978-952-495-200-2}} Other literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Blackburn, Simon| title = Plato's State| location = Helsinki| publisher = Thought | year = 2007| version= (Plato's Republic: A biography, 2006.)


Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

Translated by Kimmo Paukku| id = ISBN 978-951-20-6970-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Holvas, Jakke| title = Plato: Unviable Thoughts | location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2003| id = ISBN 951-0-28552-8}} Citation, error replace with {{cite book| author = Pietarinen, Juhani| title = Plato's Ethics of Harmonious Mind| location = Helsinki| publisher = University Weight| year = 1996| id = ISBN 951-570-308-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Pietarinen, Juhani| title = Plato's Philosophy| location = Turku| publisher = Book| author = Pietarinen, Juhani| title = Plato Philosophy| location = Turku| publisher = Book-Aurora| year = 2001| id = ISBN 951-29-1917-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Saint Petersburg, Juhani| title = What Plato has taught me| location = Helsinki| publisher = Library Studio| year = 2005| id = ISBN 952-482-015-3}} Citation error, replace with {cite book| author = Pitkänen , Pirkko| title = Basics of Platonic Philosophy: Introduction to Plato's Metaphysical Epistemology| location = Joensuu| publisher = University of Joensuu| year = 1994| id = ISBN 951-708-271-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title author = Pitkänen, Pirkko| = Plato's Good Life philosophy| location = Helsinki| publisher = University weight| year = 1996| id = ISBN 951-570-307-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Saranpää, Mika| title = Maps of Paradox: Dreams about Platon| location = Tampere| publisher = University of Tampere| year = 1993| id = ISBN 95| 1-44-3439 -0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Varto, Juha| title = Entries on Plato and Plato's Philosophy| location = Tampere| publisher = University of Tampere| year = 1995| version = 2nd edition (1st edition 1993) | id = ISBN 951-44-3848-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Williams, Bernard| title = Plato: Invention of Philosophy| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 2000| version = (Plato: The invention of philosophy, 1998.)


Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

Finnish translation: Ilpo Halonen.


Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

Great philosophers 16| id = ISBN 951-1-16191-1}} Also in Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Monk, Ray & Raphael, Frederick (ed.


Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

) | title = Great Philosophers| location = Helsinki| publisher = Otava| year = 2004| id = ISBN 951-1-18685-X}} On topic elsewhere Free to download Plato eBooks Diogenes Laertios: Lives and Lessons of Prominent Philosophers: Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

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Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

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Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

Works: Plato's most important works.


Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

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Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

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Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

The Works of Plato.


Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

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Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

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Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

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Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

swamp. Mika Saranpää.


Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

so & thus 1/2002, 52.


Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

Encyclopedia articles: entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Articles: Hankamäki, Jukka:.


Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

so & thus 1/2002, 72—83.


Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

Holvas, Jakke:.


Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

so & thus 1/2002, 55—67.


Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

Moorland, Tapio:.


Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

so & thus 3/1999, 44—49.


Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

Saranpää, Mika:.


Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

so & thus 1/2002, 53—54.


Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

Varto, Juha: so & thus 1/2002, 68—71.


Question: What was Plato's most famous work?

Plato

Category:Key articles on screening Category:99.1 Philosophers, psychologists


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

The Suez Canal ([suets-] [1],) is a shipping channel in Egypt to the west of the Sinai Peninsula, linking the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea, thus allowing water transport from Europe to Asia without sailing around Africa.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

The terminus of the 193.3 kilometre long canal are Port Said on the Mediterranean coast and Suez on the Red Sea.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

In 2015, a new channel was completed alongside the old canal allowing the canal to be used in both directions at the same time.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

[2] History Construction The company of the Compagnie universelle du canal maritime de Suez of France Ferdinand de Lesseps began construction work on the canal on 25 April 1859 and they were completed in 1869.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

[3] The canal was designed by Austrian engineer Alois Negrelli [4] [5] and was owned by the Egyptian government and France.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

The first ship passed along the canal on 17 February 1867 and the official opening was held on 17 November 1869.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

[3] An estimated 1.5 million Egyptians worked at the canal site, of whom about 125,000 died during the works.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

The cause of death for most was cholera.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

[6] From the opening onwards, the Channel Company acquired ownership of the channel for 99 years.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

Due to debts, Ismail Pasha sold Egypt's share of the canal in 1875 to the United Kingdom for £4000000.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

The British moved to protect the canal in 1882.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

In 1888, the British declared the Suez Canal a protectorate of the United Kingdom and army troops were sent to guard the canal.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

[3] In the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty of 1936, Britain was given all powers to control the canal.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

[3] In 1951 Egypt said exit from the treaty.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

Under the terms of the treaty, Britain was to withdraw its troops from the canal area by 1954.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

[7] In protest at Egypt's pro-Soviet foreign policy, the United States, the United Kingdom and the World Bank decided to cease assisting the construction of the Assuan Dam.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

[8] On 26 July 1956, Egypt nationalised the canal under President Gamal Abdel Nasser This led to the weeklong Suez Crisis in which Britain, France and Israel invaded the country.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

[3] [7] As a result of the war, the canal was closed for months.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

Following a UN decision, the canal became the property of the United Arab Republic in July 1958 and was opened on 1 September 1958 for ships with a draught of 10.67-metre.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

Finland participated in resolving the crisis in 1956—1957 with a company of peacekeepers in which a total of 437 men served.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

Finland was the first country accepted by Nasser to participate in the mission.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

After the Six-Day War in 1967, the canal remained closed until 5 June 1975.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

[3] Tankers with a load capacity of 110000 tonnes may pass along the canal before closure.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

Traffic on the canal was also completely stalled on 14 March 1952 when five ships ran aground in a sandstorm.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

On the last day of 1954, a ship colliding with a bridge again prevented operations along the canal.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

In 2001, M/S Fagr (ex.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

Viking 1) capsized and sank in a storm.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

Timeline Thumble|M/V Genco Titus, a cape size bulk carrier, approaches the Suez Canal Bridge.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

220px|thumbnail image| center|220px|New Suez Canal aerial view (upper).


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

Aerial photographs of the old and new channels side by side (lower).


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

1854: At the initiative of France, Egyptian Viceroy Said Pasha decides to start a project to build a canal from the Mediterranean to the Red Sea.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

1858: La Compagnie Universelle du Canal Maritime de Suez is established to build the canal.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

The company had French-Egyptian ownership and was allowed to control the canal for 99 years.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

After this, ownership would pass to Egypt.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

1859 On April 25, construction activities begin.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

1869 On November 17, the canal is opened for use.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

1875: British government buys Egyptian shares.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

1888: By international treaty, the canal is opened with ships from all countries.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

1936: Britain gains military possession right to the canal.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

1948: Egyptian authorities place a blockade around all ships entering Israeli ports via the canal.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

1954: By Egypt-British treaty, Britain withdraws from the canal within seven years.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

1956: The last British troops leave the canal in June and the Egyptian army takes control of the British garrisons.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

July 26 Egypt nationalises canal October 31: The Suez crisis begins when France and Britain invade the canal to secure international traffic on the canal.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

Egypt responds by sinking 40 ships in the canal.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

1956 22 December Ownership of the canal passes to Egypt officially, French and British troops will be replaced by UN UNEF troops 1957 November: the canal will be opened and ships sunk in the canal will be removed under UN supervision.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

1962 Egypt pays compensation to all shareholders for losses incurred by nationalization of the canal.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

1967 5 June: Six-Day War closes the canal.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

1967—1970, the canal is the subject of what is known as the Suez Canal War.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

1973: Yom kippur war, canal remains closed.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

1975 June 5: Egypt reopens the canal after eight years.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

All ships that don't carry military goods to Israel can get through the canal.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

1979: Israel is allowed to freely use the canal under peace agreement between the two countries according to 2015 Suez Canal extension which allows traffic in two directions at the same time was completed.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

Geography The Suez Canal has no sluice gates because both ends of it are equally high and the terrain is flat.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

Approximately 15000 ships pass through the canal each year.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

Ships with a draught of up to 20.1 meters can pass along it.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

When fully loaded, the channel can be used by tankers with a carrying capacity of 240000 tonnes.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

[9] Such ships are referred to as suezmax.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

The journey will take between 11 and 16 hours at 8 knots (15km/h) and shorten the sea journey from London to Singapore by 6175 kilometres, for example.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

Red Sea fauna occasionally migrate along the Suez Canal into the Mediterranean Sea, and some of these have settled permanently in the Mediterranean.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

In the other direction, species migration is less common.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

[10] New Suez Canal In 2015 on August 6, an extension of the Suez Canal was completed allowing traffic in two directions at the same time.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

An additional 37 kilometres of the canal were dug.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

The old bathing was also dredged deeper from the 35-mile journey.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

The expansion will reduce queuing times for ships, which will correspondingly reduce travel time from 18 hours to 11 hours.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

The new canal will also allow even larger ships to operate as well as larger numbers of ships to pass through the canal.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

[11] [2] The expansion of the canal was thought to cost Egypt more than $8 billion.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

[2] The project was financed by Egyptian investors who bought bonds per week for almost $9 billion.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

[12] The Egyptians hoped that by 2023 the new canal will increase the revenue from the canal to double.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

[2] [12] Sources Kai Vesterlund: The contribution of the Suez Canal in world shipping.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

Navigator 1974:11 p. 29.


Question: How much did it cost to build the Suez Canal?

Suez Canal

References Elsewhere Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) Check date values in: |accessdate= (help) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) Check date values in: |accessdate=, |date= (help) * Category:Key articles in screening


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

The animal kingdom (Animalia, syn.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

Metazoa) is an extensive taxonomic commune formed of multicellular authentic organisms.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

Animals form an extremely diverse group, including organisms adapted to very different conditions.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

A characteristic feature of animals is that they are heterotrophic, i.e. otherworldly, which means that they are not able to produce energy themselves, like plants by photosynthesis, but are forced to use other organisms as food to stay alive.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

Many of the animals are able to move independently, that is, they have musculature and their own nervous system except for the Parazoa subgenus.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

Most animals have some kind of sensory organs that allow them to respond appropriately to their environment and to various sensory stimuli.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

In addition, animals differ in that animal cells do not have a cell wall.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

Often, in everyday language and law, the word “animal” is used to refer to all other animals except humans, although biologically speaking, a human is an animal too.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

The scientific study of animals is called zoology and ethology studies animal behavior.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

Animal species occur both on land, in water and in the air.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

Flightable animals include many insects, such as butterflies, and a large proportion of birds, as well as bats.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

The most familiar group of aquatic animals are fish and mammals adapted to terrestrial life, such as fox, elephants and forest hare.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

However, animals or groups of animals cannot be precisely defined as some animals have adapted to living in different layers, such as land and water (e.g. seals, frogs and turtles).


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

In 2011, the Census of Marine Life estimated the number of species at approximately 8.7 million, of which 6.5 million are land animals and 2.2 million are marine animals.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

[1] Only a small proportion of species have been estimated to be vertebrates with the endings being invertebrates.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

There has been a lot of loss of animal species due to changes in circumstances, and today human activity is considered the main reason for the endangerment of animal species.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

Among other things, Finnish legislation considers animals to be objects, although the view is changing in many European countries.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

For example, laws in the Netherlands and Norway emphasise the intrinsic value of animals.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

Swiss animal protection law separately emphasizes that an animal is not an object.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

[2] Anatomy Animal cell All animals have animal cells that are authentic, i.e. they have a nucleus and a protective nucleus (in mammals exception: red blood cell).


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

Cells are specialized for a specific task and they form tissues.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

For example, nerve cells form neural tissues.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

The size and shape of the cells vary very much.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

For example, in the case of humans, the ovum is the largest cell in the entire human body and can even be seen with the naked eye (diameter approx.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

1 mm), but the smallest is again a sperm (less than 60 µm long).


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

On the other hand, the longest nerve cell in the human body is up to a meter in length.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

The animal cell does not have a protective cell wall like a plant cell, but the cell is held together by a thin cell membrane.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

[3] It is also responsible for the exchange of substances within the cell, that is, its function is essentially part of cellular respiration.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

The cell membrane protects liquid cellular mucus inside, whose function is mainly to transport nutrients and otherwise act as a mediator of intracellular communication.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

The cell mass is located in authentic nucleated cells of various cellular organs whose functions differ from protein synthesis to cellular respiration.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

The animal cell also needs a separate exoskeleton that holds cellular organs in place and gives the cell support as well as shape.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

The exoskeleton is formed by various strands and filaments.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

Of the cellular organs, the lysosome is responsible for the internal “waste management” of the cell.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

[3] It destroys the cell's own damaged cell organs and destroys bacteria or foreign substances that have entered the cell.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

Lysosomes are generated in Golgi's apparatus, which is also responsible for the completion of protein preparation on the surface of ribosomes.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

Ribosomes are mainly located in the cellular mucosa, where they usually produce proteins outside the cell.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

Ribosomes disconnected in the cellular mucosa, on the other hand, usually produce proteins for the cell's own purposes.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

Golgi's device adds sulfur and phosphorus to proteins and, if necessary, stutters proteins smaller.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

Mitochondria take care of the cell's energy economy.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

[3] Within it, chemical reactions take place that convert the energy contained in glucose into ATP molecules, which can be exploited by other cellular bodies as an energy source for their own functions.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

The largest number of mitochondria is found in energy-intensive cells such as liver and muscle cells.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

The number of mitochondria in these cells ranges from a few tens to as many as hundreds.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

Mitochondria differ from other cellular organs in that they have their own DNA.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

The largest organ of the cell is the nucleus, of which there is usually one in the cell.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

The nucleus contains the cellular genome.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

Multinucleated cells include striated muscle cells, for example.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

The developed red blood cell has almost no nucleus.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

The nucleus is separated from the rest of the cell by a nucleus enclosure attached to the cell membrane, the surface of which also has ribosomes.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

The nucleus enclosure is not completely dense, but has small nucleus pores that allow messages from the rest of the cell to reach the nucleus and messages sent by the nucleus to reach the rest of the cell.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

Inside the nucleus there are additionally nucleus lime and nucleus grains.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

Vertebrates and brates One of the most studied major episodes in the animal kingdom is the dorsal, as it includes the largest and most easily studied subjects, namely vertebrates.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

The dorsal tendons also include primitive organisms in comparison with vertebrates (suicides and tunicates).


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

However, these three groups are united by the trait that they have, at least at some stage of development, a dorsal tendon, a spinal cord, a tail, or tail, and the subjects of the gill.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

However, some of these features atrophy during fetal development, but all of them the spinal cord develops a nervous system.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

For example, in a person, the subjects of the gill, tail and back tendon are atrophied.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

In vertebrates, the dorsal tendon develops a spine.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

Vertebrate animals have a highly developed central nervous system that controls an individual's movement, communication, emotion, senses, and memory.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

Due to their large size, vertebrates are more in contact with humans than other animals (e.g.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

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mammals, birds, frogs, reptiles), which explains why vertebrates have been studied so much.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

In addition to the nervous system, other organs of vertebrates are highly developed.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

Most animals have at least a certain type of nervous system, but the most primitive animals have a complete lack of nervous system (e.g., fungal animals).


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

For example, insects have a ladder-like nervous system, which also includes the brain.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

Science knows about 40,000 vertebrate species today.


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Thanks to an evolved nervous system and supporting organs, species have managed to adapt to both aquatic and terrestrial life.


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Some of the species are also flight-capable.


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Despite this, vertebrates represent only a small percentage of all animal species (2—3%).


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Animal Kingdom

The rest of the species are invertebrates, which include a variegated array of organisms: worms, insects, spiders and molluscs.


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What is common to all of these, however, is that they have no backbone at all.


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Compared to vertebrates, invertebrates are usually quite small in size, only some centimeters long.


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Shift and flat heat Animals are normally divided into flat heat and exchange heat.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

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The latter group includes all other animals except birds and mammals.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

In birds, level heat was already present during the life of dinosaurs.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

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[4] Animals with exchange heat are those that do not regulate their own body temperature through internal mechanisms, but varies with the ambient temperature.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

On the other hand, low-temperature animals are able to regulate their own body temperature by their bodily functions.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

In scientific texts, you might come across the terms endothermic or exothermic.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

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Of these, the antecedent means equal-thermal (endo-, “internal”) and the latter for exchange heat (exo-, “external”).


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

Flat heaters tend to reduce heat loss through fur or plumage, or may attempt to increase heat loss by medicating or sweating, which, on the other hand, can lead to a shake-up of the fluid balance.


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Animal Kingdom

However, variable heat animals such as reptiles, frogs and fish have evolved various means that allow them to raise body temperature higher than the environment.


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Animal Kingdom

For example, a sea leguan basks for a day to raise body temperature.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

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However, basking in the day can be too dangerous, as beasts can then threaten them.


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Animal Kingdom

To improve survival, one species of lizard has a special heat-gathering organ at the head, allowing it to burrow up to its neck in the ground and leave only its head on the ground.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

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This organ eventually transfers heat with the help of blood flow to the whole organism.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

This is also the reason that alternating temperatures are active during the day or only when the sun warms the air enough, and therefore they do not live very much in the northern regions (where mammals and birds do well again).


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Tolerant of cold and heat, bears are expert.


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They can survive near −270 °C cold or boiling water.


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Movement Most species in the entire animal kingdom are able, in one way or another, to move independently throughout their lives or at least part of it.


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Only arthropods and vertebrates have limbs specifically intended for movement.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

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[5] In vertebrates, limbs are built from bones moved by muscles.


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Animal Kingdom

Arthropods, on the other hand, have an external exoskeleton to which the attached muscles make the limbs move.


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Animal Kingdom

Birds also have limbs for traversing on the ground; however, most birds are flight-capable.


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Animal Kingdom

In addition to birds, several insects are also able to fly.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

Simpler animals, on the other hand, can move by cilia (e.g. trackbirds and flatworms), crawl (earthworms) or glide (snails).


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Octopuses can move around the water floor by moving tentacles or alternatively by an organ called a siphon similar to jet engine action.


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Nutrition Animals cannot produce the energy they need like plants or bacteria.


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Therefore, they depend on other forms of life.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

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Animal food acquisition strategies range from plant nutrition (herbivores) to animal-based nutrition (carnivores, insectivores).


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An animal can also be omnivorous, that is, eat other animals as well as plants (or other forms of life).


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The benefits of herbivores include abundance of food, as, except for polar or other extreme areas, plants grow everywhere.


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Herbivores play an important role in biodiversity by spreading plant seeds by spotting or defecating them in different areas.


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The disadvantages of herbivoring tend to be that in order to get the necessary amounts of nutrients, the animal has to spend a lot of time eating, since plants are not a very energy-rich source of food.


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Plant food also needs its own kind of digestion in order for the animal to make the most of its nutrition.


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Animal Kingdom

[6] For carnivores, it is not the amount of food intake or its nutrient concentrations that are a problem, but mainly its acquisition.


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To solve this problem, different animals have different predation habits.


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For example, spiders prey by weaving awkwardly separated webs and just wait for some insect to fly into it.


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Lions and wolves, on the other hand, prey in groups.


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Meat and herbivores have foraging specialized teeth or beaks.


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Distribution Animals evolved like other life in water, but some species adapted to terrestrial life thanks to their long development.


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Species such as fish and some amphibians, which are adapted solely to aquatic life, live in the wild.


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The advantage of water-adapted animal species, and particularly marine animals, is the slow change in living conditions.


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Animal Kingdom

The diversity of animals in the oceans and oceans gravitates towards coasts and coral reefs, which provide not only sustenance but also a good hiding place from predators.


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Animal Kingdom

Coral reefs themselves are actually built from coral animals.


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Animal Kingdom

It is estimated that a quarter of the marine species live on coral reefs, so their destruction would be a major loss to the diversity of marine life.


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[7] The main source of food for marine animals is plankton.


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Even if sea life is weighted close to sea level, where lighting is generally excellent, several kilometers deep, despite great pressure and darkness, have evolved life forms, not all of which are yet known to science.


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Behaviour Times of the year and day Animals are active at very different times of the day.


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Most mammals sleep at night and are active during the day (diurnality), but many mammals have adapted to dusk times or nightlife because there are fewer predators then, for example.


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This is an advantageous trait for herbivores.


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In the case of domesticated animals, a few animals that move in the wild at dusk or nighttime times have been observed to have become day animals.


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For example, a cat is a dusk period animal in the wild, but as a domesticated animal they have changed lifestyles to better suit the human daytime rhythm.


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Animal Kingdom

The senses of animals evolve largely in line with activity time.


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Animal Kingdom

Nocturnal animals often have larger eyes relative to their size and are myopic because they need their sight mainly at distances from which they can attack their prey.


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Otherwise, they rely on their other senses.


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In daytime, it is useful again to detect enemies from long distances, when the auditory sense isn't that much use.


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Frogs and birds that move at night have exceptionally accurate depth vision, which, for example, in owls is informed by the placement of their eyes directly in front rather than on the sides, giving them better stereo vision.


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A Kiwi bird living in New Zealand navigates its sense of smell.


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[8] Large eyes of nocturnal animals can be explained by the fact that large-sized eyes increase the area of the retina, thus increasing the amount of light reaching the retina.


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Retinal nocturnal animals have a lot of light-sensing rod cells that improve night vision.


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The flip side, on the other hand, is that nocturnal animals have extremely few pin cells specialized in color vision, so nocturnal animals are practically colorblind.


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[9] During the day, nocturnal animals are able to walk, but they must protect their eyes from unnecessary light.


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Nocturnal animals are highly dependent on the auditory sense, as it is the only means by which it is most often possible to obtain information about an approaching predator.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

Some animals again specialize in auditory senses to the point where they can navigate based on their hearing.


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For example, a bat is capable of this by transmitting ultrasounds and receiving them with large ears.


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Similar variation in terms of activity also exists between different seasons.


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In warm regions, such variation might be due to rain and dry seasons, but closer to the polar regions, winters tend to be so cold that many vertebrates and insects slow down their bodily functions to substantially reduce energy expenditure.


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It is also common for animals to procure food for winter storage or eat themselves to be saturated in case of winter.


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Animal Kingdom

Reproductive habits and sexes Animals can reproduce either asexually or asexually.


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The advantage of asexual reproduction is that an organism can reproduce without the other sex.


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On the other hand, the weak side is that the offspring born are genetically identical, allowing the offspring to inherit both good and bad qualities from their parent.


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Animal Kingdom

For example, flatworms may reproduce in such a way that they form a stricture from their own bodies, which eventually becomes completely stricken away from the parent, resulting in a new offspring being born.


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Curdling is most common among fungi and plants.


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In a similar way, fungal animals can also reproduce.


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Animal Kingdom

Some animals, such as aphids and the Cnemidophorus tea-hernia, may reproduce parthenogenetically, or virginally.


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A far more common means of asexual reproduction is asexual reproduction.


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It required two different sexes, but on the other hand the advantage is genetic modification.


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Taxonomy General In a narrow taxonomy, the animal kingdom is broken down into major sections (cf.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

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arcs of plant and fungal communes), which contemporary research suggests there are 36 pieces containing still extant species of organisms.


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Older sources may still identify cavity animals (Coelenterata) as its own main period, but today it has been linked to the stag animals.


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In certain contexts, the scientific name of the animal kingdom may be used instead of the more familiar Animalia.


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[10] This same term may also refer only to multicellular, but most often it refers to the whole animal kingdom.


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Despite their wide diversity, a few traits can be considered to comprehensively unite all animals.


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Animals are multicellular and in their cells there is a unit that controls its activity, the nucleus.


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Animal Kingdom

In addition, they are otherworldly, leaving their cells with non-communicable cellular organs, as, say, plants have green particles that sustain photosynthesis.


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Animal cells completely lack the cell wall found in fungi (chitin) and plants (cellulose).


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Most animals have the ability to move for at least part of the time of their life, and in embryogenesis their organs are formed by two or three layers of cells (ecto-, meso-, and endoderm).


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In a more precise taxonomy, the animal kingdom is divided into two subcommunes: fungal (Parazoa) and multicellular (Eumetazoa).


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Fungal animals completely lack symmetric structure, while multicellular ones have a certain regular structure and symmetry.


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Animal Kingdom

In addition, in the case of multicellular, tissue structures form organs that, respectively, are part of the body (for example, the digestive system).


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Mushroom animals include two main periods: laccozoa (Placozoa) and fungal animals (Porifera).


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The Eumetazoa subcommune is further divided in two based on the type of symmetry: radial-symmetric (Radiata) and bicolateral (Bilateria).


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Two-capped animals have an axis of symmetry, on both sides of which a corresponding section can be found.


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Animal Kingdom

For example, both wings of a butterfly are similar, but the other is only a mirror image.


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Animal Kingdom

In bidirectal symmetric animals, not only the front and posterior ends can be found, but also the lateral right and left sides, as well as the upper and lower sides.


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Animal Kingdom

Radial-symmetric animals can only be determined above and below and can be divided in several ways so that the end result is almost identical parts.


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[11] Two-seated are divided into three more parts: non-body cavities, fake body cavities and body cavities.


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Body cavities are further divided into primordial (Protostomata) and aftermouths (Deuterostomata).


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The two groups differ particularly in their embryogenesis, where in the first group members in embryonic development, the blastopore develops a mouth and the anus develops later, while in species of the latter group the blastopore develops into an anus, and the mouth develops from elsewhere.


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[12] Main Episodes Below is a list of the main episodes belonging to the animal kingdom and a brief description of their typical structure.


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The taxonomic database has been used as a source (21 January 2009) and supplemented by Grzimek's Student Animal Life Resource book series (Thomson, 2005), on which the descriptions are mostly based.


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Animal Kingdom

Evolution Evolution of life The oldest discoveries referring to life (stromatolites formed by sine bacteria) date back to the eoarcheic period, i.e. about 3.5 to 3.8 billion years ago and the first oxygen-producing cells evolved very rapidly in the geological sense, only a few a hundred million years later.


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The Earth was about one billion years old at the time.


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Before Earth had reached three billion years, all living organisms were prokaryotes, or pre-nucleated.


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Their cellular structure is very primitive, as they lack complex cell organs and do not have a nucleus surrounded by a cocoon; instead, its genome is scattered within the cell mass.


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Animal Kingdom

However, at the beginning of the Mesoproterozoic period, eukaryotes, unicellular (primordial organisms) evolved from pre-nucleated organisms, appeared on Earth with a much more complex cellular structure than previously thought.


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They contained such cellular organs that are still found in animal cells.


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Animal Kingdom

An interesting feature of the behaviour of one of the primordial barnacles is that although most of them live alone, they may form groups in some circumstances.


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The tendency to create groups has been a great leap towards the formation of animal life, because although barnacles lived in a group, they still function as individuals, but now specialise in doing a particular thing in order to preserve the best interests of the group as a whole.


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Animal Kingdom

Over time, such behavior has led to the formation of tissues, from which further development of organs, and eventually large multicellular animals.


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Animal Kingdom

The first multicellular organisms evolved about a billion years ago at the end of the Precambrian Period, but from then onward to the Cambrian Period (ca.


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650 million years ago) fossils haven't been spared very much, so the initial sky of animal development has been left obscure.


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Animal Kingdom

It is estimated that animal life began to develop along several routes.


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One of these led to fungal animals and the other two again led to the development of primordial and after-mouthed animals.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

The fundamental difference between primordial and aftermouths in embryonic development suggests that these branches have differentiated a very long time ago.


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Transition of life to land The first multicellular ones were articulates and bulb animals.


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This same period also coincides with the development of asexual reproduction, which in practice has meant a large increase in hereditary variation.


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Animal Kingdom

However, all life was still in the birthhome of life, that is, water, which had provided effective protection against UV and other cosmic radiation.


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Animal Kingdom

A huge number of different fossils have been found from the Cambrian period, denying that the current main periods of the animal kingdom had evolved even at the end of the period (500 million years ago) at the latest.


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This sudden diversification of life is referred to by the term Cambrian period species explosion.


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Animal Kingdom

[15] The seas of the Ordovish Period that followed the Cambrian Period (490—430 million years ago) were teeming with diverse vegetation, invertebrate fauna, algae and jawless fish.


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Animal Kingdom

It is estimated that the algae that lived at sea level washed up on the coast, with which life slowly began to move to land.


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Animal Kingdom

For example, fossils have been found in Oman, on the basis of which land plants grew already in the Ordovish period.


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Animal Kingdom

Siluuri, however, is considered to be the actual time when life moved from sea to land.


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Animal Kingdom

For plants, there was as much light, space and CO2 as they could connect.


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Animal Kingdom

Due to the paucity of competition, the move to new areas was an advantage.


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Animal Kingdom

Conditions favored large plants and after them invertebrate animals hurtled on the ground rind, among the first the sea scorpion.


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Animal Kingdom

During the Silurium period, jawed fish began to occur for the first time, as a result of which jawless fish almost completely disappeared as a result of the upper hand.


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Animal Kingdom

[16] Some of the fish that lived near the ground gradually adapted to land life.


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Animal Kingdom

From these evolved frogs and reptiles.


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Animal Kingdom

Among the reptiles, there were both plant and carnivores.


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Animal Kingdom

Insects also occurred on land, most of these being relatives of existing beetles.


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Animal Kingdom

The reptiles were displaced by amphibians at the end of the Permian period thanks to rapid reproduction and development.


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Animal Kingdom

In the sea, life was still more diverse: sea urchins, gastropods, tentacle-foots.


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Animal Kingdom

The Permian period ended with extensive mass extinction, with which apparently nearly 95% of all species of organisms died out, including trilobites.


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Animal Kingdom

Apparently, the Permian extinction due to changing climate is the largest extinction in the history of life, though the current anthropogenic extinction may overtake it in its extent.


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Animal Kingdom

[17] Although the Permian period ended with a great mass extinction, land life was still dominated by more large-sized lizards, dinosaurs, in subsequent eras (Trias, Jura, and Cretaceous).


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

The dinosaur reign also saw the birth of the first flight-capable dinosaurs, which paleontologists believe to be the ancestors of modern birds.


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Animal Kingdom

Already at that time, they are known to have had a heat-insulating feather cover and, in appearance, they find a lot of common features with existing birds.


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Animal Kingdom

[18] As the Cretaceous folded into the Tertiary Age 65 million years ago, dinosaurs (excluding birds) and many other animal species, including bivalves, bony fish and plankton species, became extinct probably after an asteroid struck Earth (see Cretaceous mass extinction).


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Animal Kingdom

However, not all life was destroyed by it; several species of reptiles outside archosaur reptiles, along with frogs, were preserved.


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Animal Kingdom

However, the most important group of animals preserved in many respects for future development was mammals — moving from reptile reign towards mammalian reign.


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Animal Kingdom

See also List of animals Sources Literature Evolution Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Lipps, Jere H. & Signor, Philip W.| title = Origin and Early Evolution of the Metazoa| publisher = Springer| year = 1992| id = ISBN 978-0-306-44067-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Nielsen, Claus| title = Animal Evolution: Interrelationships of the Living Phyla| publisher = Oxford University Press| year = 2001| id = ISBN 978-0-19-850681-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Valentine, James W.| title = On the Origin of phyla| publisher = University of Chicago Press| year = 2004| id = ISBN 978-0-226-84548-7}} General Works Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Sumich, James L.


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& Morrissey, John Francis| title = Introduction to the Biology of Marine Life (8. ed.) | publisher = Jones & Bartlett Publishers| year = 2004| id = ISBN 978-0-7637-3313-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ruppert, Edward E.; Barnes, Robert D.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

Animal Kingdom

& Fox, Richard S.| title = Invertebrate Zoology (7. ed.) | publisher = Thomson-Brooks/Cole| year = 2004| id = ISBN 978-0-03-025982-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Pough, F. Harvey; Janis, Christine M.


Question: How many major species does the animal kingdom have?

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& Heiser, John B.| title = Vertebrate Life (8th ed.) | publisher = Benjamin Cummings| year = 2008| id = ISBN 978-0-321-54576-3}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Dugatkin, Lee Alan| title = Principles of Animal Behavior (2nd edition) | publisher = W. Norton| year = 2008| id = ISBN 978-0-393-93169-3}} On topic elsewhere — online encyclopedia of life forms Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


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— includes, inter alia, a database and links to animal names — Animal species endangerment classification Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


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* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

Ukraine

Ukraine () is a state in Eastern Europe.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

Ukraine

Ukraine is the second largest country in Europe in terms of area and, at the same time, the largest country entirely in Europe and the seventh largest country in terms of population.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

Ukraine

Ukraine is bordered by Russia to the east, Belarus to the north and Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania and Moldova to the west.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

Ukraine

To the south, the country borders the Black Sea.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

Ukraine

The capital of Ukraine is Kiev.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

Ukraine

The second largest city is Kharkiv, located in northeastern Ukraine.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

Ukraine

Also located on the shores of the Black Sea, Odessa, is a major cultural, scientific and industrial centre.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

Ukraine

Geography and climate With the exception of southern Crimea, which enjoys a Mediterranean climate, a temperate continental climate prevails in Ukraine.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

Ukraine

Rainfall is not distributed evenly but is more abundant in the western and northern parts of the kingdom and decreases towards the southeast.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

Ukraine

Winters on the Black Sea coast are cool, inland cold.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

Ukraine

Summers are warm in most of the country, with hot in the very south.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

Ukraine

Ukraine is mostly plain and uplands, only the Carpathians and the Crimean peninsula have mountain ranges.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

Ukraine

To the north and west there is woodland steppe, steppe and deciduous steppe vegetation.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

Ukraine

Most of Ukraine is dominated by steppes.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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Up to 58% of the area is cultivable.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

Ukraine

On the southern shore of Crimea in a narrow strip of land, overhanging the Crimea Mountains, sheltered from northern steppe winds, the vegetation is subtropical with lush Mediterranean vegetation such as laurel trees, pistachios, strawberry trees and citrus trees.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

Ukraine

The highest peak is Hora Hoverla in the Eastern Carpathians, in the Carpathian National Park, at 2061 m.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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[1] The highest peak in Crimea is Roman-Koš, 1545 m. The most significant river in Ukraine is the Dnieper dividing the country into the eastern and western parts.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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It is the third longest river in Europe after the Volga and Danube.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

Ukraine

[2] Other major rivers include the Donets, the Dnestr and the Southern Bug.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

Ukraine

These rivers flow into the Black Sea or Sea of Asov.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

Ukraine

The Danube Dstuary forms the border with Romania.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

Ukraine

In the northwestern corner of the country, the Western Bug belonging to the Vistula, which descends into the Baltic Sea, flows as the border river of Poland.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

Ukraine

[3] [1] There are 3000 lakes, but they are small.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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The average area of the lakes is 0.67 square kilometers.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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Together with several reservoirs built specifically along the Dnieper, the country's lakes covered a total area of 11730 square kilometers in 1986.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

Ukraine

Near the sea are located the largest lakes of the country.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

Ukraine

Of them, many are shallow and their water contains salt; some of the coastal lakes are billless salt lakes.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

Ukraine

[4] Eastern European Grand River in the Dnieper H'erson.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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View of the southern parts of Ukraine from Yalta, on the shores of the Black Sea.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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Hoverla Mountain (2061 m), the highest point in Ukraine, is found in the southwestern part of the country, in the Eastern Carpathians.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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History Main article History of Ukraine The territory of present-day Ukraine has been inhabited alternately in antiquity by the Cimmerians, Scythians, Sarmaths and Goths.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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[5] The coasts of the Black Sea were part of the Greek world in antiquity, and there were Greek settlements on the northern Black Sea coast on the territory of present-day Ukraine as early as the 6th century BCE.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

Ukraine

After the Huns drove the Goths from Ukraine in the 3rd century, Avaars, Casars and Bolgars, but also the East Slavs settled there.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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The Grand Duchy of Kiev, founded by the East Slavs and Vikings, fought against the Turkish-related Petsenegs and Cumans who came to the region, creating a kingdom stretching from the Black Sea to the Baltic Sea, from whose heritage was Russia, Belarus and Ukraine.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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In 1222—1223, the Mongol vanguard made a war expedition north of the Sea of Azov to Crimea and southern parts of Ukraine.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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On the Kalkai River (Chalchik), they defeated the Kipchaks and the forces of the Kievan Rus', Chernihiv and Galitsian princes who came to their aid in spring 1223.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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However, Mongol forces returned to the east as early as the same year.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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[6] The actual Mongol invasion of the territory of Kievan Rus' began in 1237.


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After defeating Moscow, Yaroslavl and Tver, the troops headed south.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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Between 1238 and 1240, troops lingered in the lands between Don and Donets in the eastern parts of present-day Ukraine.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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After several invasions, Chernihiv fell in the autumn of 1239.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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In December 1240, Kiev was overrun after several weeks of siege.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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The Mongol Army continued westward as two corps.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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A more southerly group headed for Halych and another to Volodimir, the western parts of Volynia.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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Both cities fell after brief sieges.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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The troops continued to move further west.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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The main force led by Batu Khan continued from Halich across the Carpathians to Hungary.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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The more northerly Mongol force continued into Poland (e.g.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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Kraków) and toured widely in the territory of Poland, Czech Republic and Hungary.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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In 1242 the forces united in Hungary and the main force continued to the Danube and thence north of the Black Sea eastwards to the lower reaches of the Volga.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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The centre of a new kingdom, the Golden Orda, was founded there.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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[6] Ukraine remained predominantly in the possession of the Golden Orda, founded by the Mongols.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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Only the Principality of Galitsia-Volynia, the later Kingdom was capable of successful resistance against Tatar rule in the following years, albeit being formally subordinate to the Golden Orda.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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In the resistance, help came from cooperation with Hungary, Lithuania and Poland.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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In the 1340s, however, Galitsia drifted under Polish-Lithuanian control.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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[7] As Mongol rule receded in the 16th century, Cossack communities formed in Ukraine.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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The revolt against Poland, which began in 1648 led by Hetmani Bohdan H'melnytskyi, led to the secession of Ukraine from Polish-Lithuania and the establishment of an autonomous state known as the Cossack hetmanate.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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In 1654, the Cossacks of H'melnytskyi entered into an alliance with the Russian Tsar, recognizing this formal supremacy in order to gain a patron against the Catholic West in a situation where the Turkic and Muslim Ottoman Empire also imposed pressure from the south.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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In the Peace of Andrusovo of 1667, eastern Ukraine and Kiev were annexed by Russia, and the western part to Poland-Lithuania.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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[5] In connection with the Great Northern War, hetman Ivan Mazepa, with Swedish support, sought independence from Russia, but as a result of the Battle of Poltava, Cossack Ukraine was even more closely annexed to Russia.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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Polish influence on Ukraine gradually faded in 1772, 1793 and 1795, when the Kingdom of Poland, which formed the Polish-Lithuanian noble republic, was partitioned in v.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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After 1795 finally entirely between Prussia (then Germany), Austria (then Austria-Hungary) and Russia.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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The main part of western Ukraine was annexed by Russia, though Eastern Galitsia and Bukovina became part of Austria-Hungary.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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Initially empowered by Polish nobility and finally confirmed by Catherine II of Russia, it was not until 1861 that Alexander II abolished serfdom.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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The Ukrainian nationality thing began to rise beginning in the 1840s, but became subject to repression by the Russian regime beginning in the 1870s.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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In connection with the Russian March Revolution of 1917, the independence of Ukraine began.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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In western Ukraine, Ukrainians experienced a national revival along the lines of the late 19th century with the Poles, but also opposed the dominance of Polish cities in Galitsia over the Ukrainian countryside.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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At the end of World War I, during World War I, Germany, as well as Austria-Hungary, managed to conquer much of Ukraine.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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After the February Revolution, Ukrainian cultural life began to buzz and in March 1917, the Central Rada was established in Kiev, which elected historian Myh'ailo Khrushevskyi as its Speaker.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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As Rada's influence grew, Russia's interim government was forced to recognise it and granted Ukraine autonomy in July.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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[8] After the October Revolution, Rada refused to recognize Soviet power and declared the Ukrainian People's Republic established, with the intention of allying with the future democratic Russia.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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Around the same time, the first pan-Ukrainian meeting of councils declared in Kharkov a Ukrainian Soviet Republic.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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As Bolshevik forces began advancing towards Kiev, the People's Republic declared independence on 22 January 1918.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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However, after the Peace of Brest-Litovsk, the Red Army was forced to withdraw from Ukraine.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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The Rada government returned to Kiev with the support of German and Austro-Hungarian forces, but it was too leftist for the Germans and in April 1918 a German-backed coup d'état took place, declaring Ukraine a monarchy and General Pavlo Skoropadski as its hetmann.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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[8] German-backed rule lasted until the rest of the year when the German Empire surrendered at the end of World War I and its forces were forced to withdraw.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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In Kiev, the People's Republic Directorate led by Ukrainian socialists and nationalists re-emerged, where power was concentrated in his own hands by Symon Petljura.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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On 22 January 1919, the Ukrainian People's Republic declared its unification with the West Ukrainian People's Republic, but was overrun by Polish forces.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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[8] In December 1919, Petljura fled with a small number of Bolsheviks to Poland and concluded a treaty with Poland in which he ceded Galitsia to Poland in exchange for support against the Bolsheviks.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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The invasion of the Poles advanced as far as Kiev, which was recaptured in May 1920.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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In the meantime, Ukraine was in the midst of a civil war between the Whites of the South Russian army led by the Reds, Denikin and Wrangel and anarchists led by Nestor Mahno.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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In the spring, the Red Army gained control of much of Ukraine, with the exception of Polish-occupied Volynia and Western Podolia.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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The Spring 1920 Polish—Soviet-Russian War and the defeat of the Red Army in the Battle of Warsaw led to the partition of Ukraine at the Peace of Riga on 18 March 1921.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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The western part of Ukraine fell to Poland.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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[9] When Germany and the Soviet Union in the early stages of World War II in September 1939 partitioned Poland by the Molotov—Ribbentrop Pact, these territories were annexed into the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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[5] During the Soviet period, in 1922, the Ukrainian Soviet Republic became a founding member of the Soviet Union.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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In its early years, the ruling Ukrainian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) was led by Russians and Jews, the proportion of Ukrainians rose to one fifth when the Borotbisty Party was annexed to it in 1920.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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With the Ukrainization of the 1920s, the number of Ukrainians increased by half by the end of the decade, causing concern in Moscow.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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[10] Ukrainians who remained under Polish and Romanian rule experienced assimilation attempts and discrimination.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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In Poland, an underground organization of Ukrainian nationalists was founded in 1929, which in the late 1930s split into a wing led by the more moderate Andri Melnyk and the radical Stepan Bandera.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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Ukrainians who remained in Czechoslovakia fared better in the multicultural and industrialised state.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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After Hitler dismembered Czechoslovakia in 1938, Ukrainians even gained autonomy in Carpatho-Ukraine prior to Hungarian occupation.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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[10] Between 1930 and 1932, Soviet-Ukrainian agriculture was collectivized under Josif Stalin's orders and large forced grain donations caused a famine known as the Holodomor, of which six to seven million are estimated to have died in Ukraine.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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[11] In World War II, Ukraine came under occupation by Nazi Germany 1941—1944.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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In Lviv the nationalists of the Bandara Movement declared an independent state on 30 June 1941, [10] but Germany was no longer ready to grant Ukraine even formal independence; instead Stepan Bandera, released initially from Polish prison by the Germans, was eventually imprisoned.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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The German occupation regime subjected Ukraine directly to German rule.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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During the Nazi occupation of World War II, an estimated 600,000 to 900,000 Ukrainian Jews were exterminated, incl.


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34,000 over two days at Babi Jar near Kiev in September 1941.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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[12] The Red Army counterattack into Ukraine began in the summer of 1943 and the Donbass capital Stalino (now.


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The liberation of Donetsk) is celebrated on 8 September 1943.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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[13] The whole liberation of Ukraine from fascist invaders is commemorated on October 28 (1944).


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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[14] After World War II in 1945, the easternmost part of Czechoslovakia, Carpatoruten, was annexed to Ukraine, eventually unifying all territories inhabited by Ukrainians of nationality under the same regime.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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However, the nationalists' armed activities against the Soviet Union continued even in the post-war years in western Ukraine.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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After World War II, work on rebuilding the devastated economy and the transfer of Western Ukraine to Soviet rule began.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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In 1946, the authorities dissolved the Orthodox Uniate Church, subordinate to the Catholic Church.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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The years 1946—1948 are known as Ždanovšchina, after Andrei Ždanov, when a campaign against Ukrainian nationalism was waged.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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In 1949, long-time Ukrainian party leader Nikita Khrushchev ascended to the leadership of the Soviet Union, and after him all leaders of the Soviet republic were Ukrainian by nationality.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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Petro Šelest (1963—1972) in particular was known as a driver of Ukraine's economic interests and culture until he was removed from office on charges of soft attitude towards nationalism.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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[12] His successor, Volodymyr Shcherbytskyi, began with purges and Russification activities of the Nationalists and under him the KGB had the dissident movement crushed in the late 1970s.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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[12] The most serious nuclear accident in history occurred at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant near Pripyat in 1986.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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Thanks to Shcherbytskyi, glasnost did little to no effect in Ukraine until 1988, when mass protests were held in Lviv and Kiev.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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The following year, the Ruh Movement formed and many of the prominent party leaders lost in the elections.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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Rada's election in 1990 fractured the Communist Party's position and Ruh openly expressed his aspirations for independence.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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[12] Independent Ukraine gained independence from the Soviet Union in 1991.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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Leonid Kravchuk was elected as the first president, in whose term, however, staggering inflation and unrest forced early elections to be held.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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Leonid Kuchma, who took over as Prime Minister in 1992, rose to become President of Ukraine in 1994.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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Kuchmank's period was full of scandals, although the economy did improve slightly during his time.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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Orange Revolution and from one political crisis to another In 2004, presidential elections were held in Ukraine in which the sitting president, Leonid Kuchma, was no longer a candidate.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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In the first round of elections held on 31 October, neither of the main candidates, neither pro-Western Viktor Yushchenko, backed by western Ukraine, nor Viktor Yanukovych, from Russian-speaking regions in the industrialised east of the country and Russian-backed Viktor Yanukovych, managed to garner more than half of the votes cast.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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The second round of elections between the two candidates with the most votes in the first round was fought on 21 November 2004.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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Due to mass protests caused by ambiguity in the arrangements of the elections, which were being taken to be called the Orange Revolution, Ukraine's Supreme Court ended up with a renewal of the second round of elections.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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The second round of the elections was renewed on 26 December 2004 and their winner became the opposition candidate Yushchenko receiving over 52% of the vote.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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Yushchenko, a prominent ally of Yushchenko, was appointed Prime Minister of Ukraine after the election.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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Since 10 January 2006, the constitution was amended even more in a parliamentary direction, with a reduction in presidential prerogatives and the addition of the Prime Minister.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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However, the Orange Powers soon drifted into mutual strife and Tymoshenko's government was dismissed in September 2005.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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Tymoshenko's short-term successor became Yuri Jehanurov, who continued as the officiating prime minister until the formation of the new government.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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In the March 2006 parliamentary election, Yanukovych led the Party of Regions to electoral victory and become the largest party.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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After the March election, months of stalemate were caught up in which a functioning government could not be formed.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

Ukraine

The Orange joint government between Our Ukraine, Julija Tymoshenko's faction and the Ukrainian Socialist Party dissolved in spring 2006 following the defection of the Socialists to the Party of Regions to form an “anti-crisis coalition government” and the election of his own husband Oleksandr Moroz as Speaker of the Rada.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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Yushchenko refused to appoint his running mate as prime minister until a new deadline allowing elections to be held came up.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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In this case, the Party of Regions and its allies threatened the president with impeachment.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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Yushchenko finally appointed Yanukovych as Prime Minister and form a “coalition government of national unity” with Our Ukraine on August 3, 2006.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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Parliament approved Yanukovych as prime minister by a vote of 271 to 9 as the opposition boycotted the vote.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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The three-party ruling coalition won 239 seats in the 450-member Rada.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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On 1 December 2006, the Verkhovna Rada dismissed the president-appointed Foreign Minister Borys Tarasjuk from his position.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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[15] President Yushchenko did not accept this and claimed the dismissal of the minister was the responsibility of the president.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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The district court reversed Rada's decision, but Parliament said the lower court's ruling could not alter its decisions.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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[16] The Yanukovych government gradually expanded its support base by awarding government seats to opposition backers, who thus moved behind the government.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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In particular, Yushchenko was troubled by the nomination of his former backer Anatoly Kinah as finance minister, which on 23 March 2007 prompted ten opposition MPs to defect as government backers.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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Yanukovych and Speaker Moroz promised the coalition would grow to two-thirds or 300 delegates by the summer, which would allow the repeal of presidential vetoes or amendments to the constitution.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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On 2 April, Yushchenko ordered the dissolution of the Verkhovna Rada, which the government and the majority in parliament considered unconstitutional and continued to work.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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According to Yushchenko, the parliament had become illegal with the defections of delegates.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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The constitutional court investigated the case, but Yushchenko reversed his first decision and later replaced it with a new one.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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On May 24, Yushchenko fired the Prosecutor General of Ukraine, accusing him of violating the constitution.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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The president also announced that he would take control from Yanukovych, the Interior Minister Vasyl Tsuško, who supported Yanukovych, soldiers of the Berkut Corps (equivalent to Russia's OMON).


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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[17] Yushchenko's term to Yanukovych's term as the holding date for new elections was agreed on 30 September 2007.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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In the elections, Yanukovych's Party of Regions again gained the most votes and seats (175—11), although losing slightly, Tymoshenko's bloc increased its number of seats (156+27) and President Yushchenko's support party Our Ukraine continued its downhill (72—9).


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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The so-called Orange parties had a narrow seat majority (228/450), which would have been enough to form a government, but some of Our Ukraine's representatives refused to sign a cooperation agreement with Tymoshenko's bloc.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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[18] [19] After a lengthy delay, Tymoshenko re-emerged as Prime Minister on 18 December 2007.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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[20] The intervals between Yushchenko and Tymoshenko deteriorated again when Tymoshenko refused to support Georgia during the August 2008 Russian-Georgian conflict.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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Presidential administration representative Andriy Kyslynskyi accused Tymoshenko of “treason and corruption.”


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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President Yushchenko's support party Our Ukraine left the government on September 4, 2008, when Tymoshenko's bloc allied with the Parties of Regions and Communists to push through laws that reduced presidential powers and facilitated his dismissal.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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After the fall of the government, new elections were due to be held on 14 December, but were pushed forward because of the international economic crisis that hit Ukraine too.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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Ukraine was mired in a serious economic crisis in the autumn of 2008 in the context of the international economic crisis.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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In October 2008, 32 billion hryvnias were withdrawn from banks in a three-week period and the value of the country's currency plummeted 23 percent.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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[21] The International Monetary Fund provided US$16.5 billion in loans to the country.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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[22] The government crisis seemed to ease on December 9, 2008, when Rada elected Volodymyr Lytvyn as the new Speaker.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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[23] In the February 2010 presidential election, Yanukovych was declared the winner.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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Tymoshenko accused him of electoral fraud and resigned his prime minister seat.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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[20] In June 2010, Parliament decided to abandon the pursuit of NATO membership.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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[20] In December 2010, Tymoshenko and former Interior Minister Yuri Lutsenko were brought to justice on charges of misappropriating state funds.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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Abuse of power in gas deals with Russia was later added to Tymoshenko's charges.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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He was sentenced to imprisonment in October 2011.


Question: How long did Ukraine's war of independence last?

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[20] The EU called for Tymoshenko's release [24] and considered the sentence political.