Question: In what dynasty did the so-called mandarins become part of the regime?

China

US government sources say tens of millions of Chinese may still practice Falun Gong privately.


Question: In what dynasty did the so-called mandarins become part of the regime?

China

[152] [153] Languages The de facto official language of China is Mandarin Chinese.


Question: In what dynasty did the so-called mandarins become part of the regime?

China

According to the People's Daily newspaper [154], in 2004 it was spoken as a native tongue by 53% of the Chinese population.


Question: In what dynasty did the so-called mandarins become part of the regime?

China

Mandarin Chinese is the language of instruction in all educational institutions in China, so almost all educated Chinese know it at least as a foreign language.


Question: In what dynasty did the so-called mandarins become part of the regime?

China

Attempts have been made to make it the only language of instruction even in minority areas like Tibet.


Question: In what dynasty did the so-called mandarins become part of the regime?

China

[155] Until the mid-2000s, it was also the only language of television programs.


Question: In what dynasty did the so-called mandarins become part of the regime?

China

[156] Classical and modern Chinese are two different languages.


Question: In what dynasty did the so-called mandarins become part of the regime?

China

There are dozens of languages in China.


Question: In what dynasty did the so-called mandarins become part of the regime?

China

The characters may be the same, although otherwise the dialects may differ like Swedish and German.


Question: In what dynasty did the so-called mandarins become part of the regime?

China

Most people understand Mandarin Chinese, which is exclusively used on radio and TV.


Question: In what dynasty did the so-called mandarins become part of the regime?

China

Not everyone speaks it.


Question: In what dynasty did the so-called mandarins become part of the regime?

China

Only in Guăngzhōu are allowed programs in the local language.


Question: In what dynasty did the so-called mandarins become part of the regime?

China

Chinese colloquial is comparatively easy.


Question: In what dynasty did the so-called mandarins become part of the regime?

China

It does not include word inflection, tenses, singular and plural, strong verbs and accusative, dative, etc. Word order conveys meaning.


Question: In what dynasty did the so-called mandarins become part of the regime?

China

Character writing fits this language.


Question: In what dynasty did the so-called mandarins become part of the regime?

China

There are four vocal fields (toons, pitches): ā, á, ă, and à. The most extensive Chinese language dictionary from 1718 contains 47035 characters.


Question: In what dynasty did the so-called mandarins become part of the regime?

China

The official literacy rate in China is 2000 characters.


Question: In what dynasty did the so-called mandarins become part of the regime?

China

They correspond to 97— 98% of normal text, where reading literature and journals are still difficult.


Question: In what dynasty did the so-called mandarins become part of the regime?

China

4000 characters already equals 99.8% of the text and is smooth.


Question: In what dynasty did the so-called mandarins become part of the regime?

China

5000 characters corresponds to a fully fluent language.


Question: In what dynasty did the so-called mandarins become part of the regime?

China

[85] Han Chinese speak Sinitic languages, but other ethnic groups in China normally have their own languages.


Question: In what dynasty did the so-called mandarins become part of the regime?

China

Officially there are 55 ethnic minorities in China; however, there are around 100 to 120 languages even if different Chinese are counted as dialects, see Sinitic languages.


Question: In what dynasty did the so-called mandarins become part of the regime?

China

According to the book Ethnologue, 292 languages are spoken in China.


Question: In what dynasty did the so-called mandarins become part of the regime?

China

[157] Other languages of more than one million speakers in China include (NB.


Question: In what dynasty did the so-called mandarins become part of the regime?

China

Some of these are usually counted as dialects of Chinese): Wu-Chinese (77 million) Sinitic Yue Chinese, or Cantonese Chinese (52 million) Sinitic Jin Chinese (45 million) Sinitic Xiang Chinese (36 million) Sinitic Hakka Chinese (26 million) Sinitic Minnan Chinese (26 million) Sinitic Gan Chinese (21 million), Sinitic Minbei (10 million) Sinitic Northern Zhuang (10 million) Tai Kadai Uyghur (7 million) Turkic Southern Zhuang (4 million) Tai Kadai Chinese Sign Language (3 million) Sign Language (Mongol) 3 million) Mongolian Taikieli (2 million) tai-kadai Korea (2 million) isolate Sichuanin-yi (2 million) Lolo Southern dong (1.5 million) tai-kadai Hhong njua (1 million) Hmong-language Kazakh (1 million) Turkic Khams (1 million) Tibetan Tibet (1 million) j.) Tibetan Major Cities As of April 2015, there were a total of 657 cities in the People's Republic of China: 4 province-status metropolitan cities (autonomous municipalities: Chongqing, Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin) 2 Special Administrative Regions (Hong Kong and Macau), 289 prefecture-level cities (including 15 provincial cities), and 362 district-level towns (including 11 district-subordinate towns and 8 Bingtuan towns).


Question: In what dynasty did the so-called mandarins become part of the regime?

China

Bingtuan cities are special towns operated by the Xinjiang Production and Construction Command, a state-run militia subordinate to the People's Army, established in 1954 in Sinkiang.


Question: In what dynasty did the so-called mandarins become part of the regime?

China

The order of China's largest cities depends on what type of urban definition is used when drawing up the listing.


Question: In what dynasty did the so-called mandarins become part of the regime?

China

If you list administrative areas of varying levels with city status, a different result is obtained from looking at urban areas built in the Chinese conurbation.


Question: In what dynasty did the so-called mandarins become part of the regime?

China

The largest cities in China are, according to the 2010 census, when you include administrative urban areas of prefecture-level or above status: [158] Chongqing, a county-level city, 28.846 million. Shanghai, a county-level city, $23.019 million Beijing, county-level city, 19.612 million Chengdu, a provincial city, 14.048 million Tianjin, county-level city, 12,939 million. Canton, a provincial city, 12,701 million. Baoding, prefecture-level city, 11,194 million Harbin, a city under the province, 10,636 million. Suzhou, prefecture-level city, 10,460 million Shenzhen, a city subordinate to the province, 10.358 million Nanyang, prefecture-level city, 10,264 million Shijiazhuang, a prefecture-level city, $10.164 million. Linyi, prefecture-level city, 10,039 million Holidays See also Human rights in China Chinese philosophy Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jung Chang & Jon Halliday| title = Mao| others = Translated by Jaana Iso-Markku| publisher = Otava| year= 2005| id= ISBN 978-9511131687}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Repo & Markkula| title = Olympian China| publisher = Olympia Long Distance Agency| year = 2007| version=3rd edition| id = ISBN 9789519823034}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = David Leffman, Simon Lewis, Jeremy Atiyah| Rough title guide = Thu China| publisher = Rough Guides| year = 2003| id = ISBN 9781843530190}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Pletcher, Kenneth (ed.


Question: In what dynasty did the so-called mandarins become part of the regime?

China

) | title = The Geography of China| location = New York, NY| publisher = Britannica Educational Publishing| year = 2011| isbn=978-1-61530-182-9| language = Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: In what dynasty did the so-called mandarins become part of the regime?

China

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.| format = [Google Books] | accessdate= 9.4.2015}} Wang Jing'ai & Xiao Honglin & Hartmann, Rudi & Yaojie Yue: “Physical Geography of China and the U.S.”.


Question: In what dynasty did the so-called mandarins become part of the regime?

China

In Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Hartmann, Rudi & Wang Jing'ai (eds.


Question: In what dynasty did the so-called mandarins become part of the regime?

China

) | title=A Comparative Geography of China and the U.S.| location = Dordrecht| publisher = Springer| year= 2011| isbn=978-94-017-8791-9| language = Transclusion error: {{en}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: In what dynasty did the so-called mandarins become part of the regime?

China

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.| accessdate = 9.4.2015}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Robert L. Worden, Andrea Matles Savada and Ronald E. Dola (eds.


Question: In what dynasty did the so-called mandarins become part of the regime?

China

) .| title = China: A Country Study| publisher = Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress| year = 1987| format = [online version]}} CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) References Literature Society Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jakobson, Linda| title = China's Tough Choices.


Question: In what dynasty did the so-called mandarins become part of the regime?

China

In the path of societal transformation | location = Helsinki| publisher = Edita| year = 2005| id=ISBN 951-37-4448-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Jakobson, Linda| title = One Million Truths.


Question: In what dynasty did the so-called mandarins become part of the regime?

China

Decade in China| location = Helsinki| publisher = Bookgroup| year = 1997| id = ISBN 951-26-4197-6}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Shaughnessy, Edward L.


Question: In what dynasty did the so-called mandarins become part of the regime?

China

(ed.


Question: In what dynasty did the so-called mandarins become part of the regime?

China

) | title = Fascinating China| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gummerus| year = 2006| version=( China: The land of the heavenly dragon, 2000.)


Question: In what dynasty did the so-called mandarins become part of the regime?

China

Translated by Riitta Bergroth| id = ISBN 951-20-7160-6}} Culture and History Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Huotari, Tauno-Olavi & Seppälä, Pertti| title = Chinese Culture| location = Helsinki | publisher = Otava| year = 2005| version = 5th revised edition (1st edition 1990) | id = ISBN 951-1-15943-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Man, John| title = Terracotta Army: First Emperor of China and the birth| location = Hämeenlinna| publisher = Karisto| year = 2009| version=( The terracotta army: China's first emperor and the birth of nation, 2007.)


Question: In what dynasty did the so-called mandarins become part of the regime?

China

Translated by Veli-Pekka Ketola| id = ISBN 978-951-23-5142-8}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Nieminen, Pertti| title = Mandarin under arm: Writings about old Chinese culture, especially poetry | location = Helsing| publisher = Otava| year = 1989| id = ISBN 951-1- 10549-3}} On topic elsewhere * Category:Key articles of screening Category:BRICS


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Charles Ponzi (March 3, 1882 — January 18, 1949) immigrated to the United States from Italy in 1903, becoming one of the most famous con artists in American history.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

He is also known by the names Charles Ponei, Charles P. Bianchi, Carl and Carlo Ponzi.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

The truth about Charles Ponzi's life is hard to come by because of his tendency to scrape stories and embellish facts.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Although many people have heard nothing about Ponzi itself, so the term “Ponzi scheme” is a widely known designation for a fraudulent scheme promising quick enrichment.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Early life Ponzi was born in 1882 in Lugo, Italy and was named Carlo Ponzi.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

[1] Some sources attribute his birthplace as Parma, where he lived as a teenager.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi worked as a postman in his youth and was admitted to study at the University of Rome, La Sapienza.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

The studies did not get beyond the beginning, as Ponzi became acquainted with young people who were not interested in studying.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

His friends considered the university a “four-year holiday.”


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi accompanied them to nearby bars, cafes and an opera.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

[1] The university surfaces were eventually left unfinished due to cash shortages.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi decided to emigrate to the United States and traveled to S.S


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

</i>Vancouverilla to Boston, Massachusetts.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

[1] Arrival in America In his own words, Ponzi arrived in the United States in 1903 pocketing two dollars and fifty cents.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

All his other savings he had lost on board gambling.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi learned the English language quickly, and he spent the next few years doing miscellaneous work on the U.S. East Coast.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi eventually landed a job as a dishwasher at one of the restaurants where he was forced to sleep due to homelessness.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

In the hierarchy of her workplace, she managed to rise to become a waitress, but was dismissed for dishonesty and theft.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi emigrated in 1907 to Montreal, Canada.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

He became a cashier assistant at a just-opened bank called Banco Zarossi, which had been founded by Luigi “Louis” Zarossi to serve the crowd of Italian immigrants flooding into the city.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Zarossi paid six per cent interest, double the general rate of other banks, and his bank grew rapidly as a result of this.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi found out the bank was in serious financial trouble because of unprofitable real estate loans.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Zarossi financed his interest payments not with profits from investments but from funds deposited by new customers.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

The bank eventually folded, and Zarossi fled to Mexico carrying a large portion of the bank's assets.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi remained in Montreal and lived for a time at Zaross' home, helping the family left behind by the man, while also planning a return to the United States and a fresh start.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi, however, was destitute, and the plan for a comeback seemed impossible.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

He went inside the office of one of Zaross' former clients one day, and when he didn't meet anyone there, he forged himself a cheque worth USD 423.58.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Police turned their attention to Ponzi increased spending and a wasteful lifestyle shortly after the forgery.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

When police inquired about the matter, Ponzi immediately pleaded guilty.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

He was sentenced for embezzlement to three years in a Quebec prison as prisoner number 6660.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Instead of telling her mother the truth about her steps, she sent her a letter, where she claimed to have found employment as a “special assistant” to a prison officer.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

After being released from prison in 1911, he decided to return to the United States.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

However, he was caught smuggling Italian illegal emigrants across the border.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi was sentenced this time to two years in an Atlanta prison.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

There he became an interpreter for one of the guards.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

The guard used to steal letters from a famous gangster, Ignazio “the Wolf” Lupo.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi became a friend of Lupo's.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

However, as his role model, Ponzi considered another prisoner; Charles Morse.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Morse fooled doctors, claiming he was about to die, and obtained a release order from them.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Symptoms of his illness he accomplished by eating soapy foam.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

After being released, Ponzi eventually headed back to Boston.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

He met his future spouse there, Italian Rose Gnecco.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi did not tell Gnecco about his years in prison, but Ponzi's mother made the announcement in a letter she sent, where she told her about her son's past.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

However, Gnecco decided to stick with Ponzi.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

The couple married in 1918.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi scheme Ponzi worked for numerous different companies before getting the idea to create a list of companies where companies would buy advertising space for themselves.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

This was the same idea developed by others ignorant of Ponzi onwards, and is known as the “Yellow Pages”.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi was unable to sell his idea forward and his company folded soon after this.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi received a letter from a company in Spain a few weeks later.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Inside the letter was an international mail return coupon (IRC), the likes of which Ponzi had never seen before.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

After studying the coupon and pondering the issue, he discovered a weakness in the system, which could, in principle, allow money to be made through coupons.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

The purpose of postal return coupons was to enable customers in one country to send a coupon to another country with a reply request, so that the coupon could be used as payment to mail a reply.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

If the mailing had taken place within the same country, then stamps would have been sent along with the return letter, but official stamps of another country were invalid for payment in another country.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

The IRC was priced according to postage rates in the country of sender, but could be exchanged for stamps of the recipient country, sufficient for postage for the shipment.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

In this way, less had been paid in the country of dispatch than what was received in the recipient country for stamps when they were converted there into money instead of sending a reply.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

The difference was basically profit when operating expenses were deducted from it.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Inflation had reduced Italian postage prices after World War I, when they were calculated in US dollars.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

This allowed IRC to be purchased cheaply in Italy, and could be exchanged in the United States for stamps of greater value.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

The system worked like this: send money overseas, make agents buy IRC coupons there, send IRCs to the US, redeem stamps with IRC for a higher value than what had been paid in the shipper country, sell the stamps for a profit.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi claimed that net profit from this business would have exceeded as much as 400%.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

This was a form of arbitrage, where bought cheaply and sold expensive, which is not illegal.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi asked his friends and acquaintances to support the scheme he invented.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

He offered a 50% return on a 45-day investment.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

He explained that large returns from postal vouchers made such profits easy to achieve.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

He started his own company under the name of the Securities Exchange Company, in whose name he took to market the system.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

The first investors made investments in the Ponzi scheme and received the promised profits.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Word got out and investments started coming in faster and faster.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi hired agents and paid them generous fees for every dollar they brought in to the system.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

By February 1920, the funds received by Ponzi amounted to 5,000 USD, a large sum at that time.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

By March, she had received 30,000 USD.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

The action threatened to explode into hands, and Ponzi hired agents to accept new investments from all over New England and New Jersey.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

During that time, investors were paid hefty interest payments, encouraging increasingly new investors to make investments.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

By May 1920, Ponzi had received an aggregate of USD 420,000.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

He began depositing the money in a bank called Hanover Trust Bank with the hope that his account would one day be so large that he could gain control of the bank.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Another goal was to become its general manager.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

He eventually gained a dominant position in the bank.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

The Ponzi had, by July 1920, amassed millions.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

People mortgaged their homes against investments offered by Ponzi and invested their lifetime savings into the scheme.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Most did not withdraw their winnings, but invested them further in the hope of greater profits.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Although Ponzi brought money in at an absolutely incredible rate, a simple economic analysis would have shown that the activity was carried out at large losses.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

As long as money flowed in, previous investors could be paid with new investors' money, but huge debts were unfolding from promised interest and profits.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi lived a life of luxury.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

He bought a mansion with air conditioning and a heated swimming pool.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

He brought his mother from Italy to the United States in a first-class suite on ocean steam.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

He was a hero in the community of Italians and was praised wherever he went.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Doubts awaken There were already clear signs of Ponzi's eventual downfall.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

A furniture salesman had sold furniture to Ponzi at a time when he could not yet afford to pay for them.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

The seller sued Ponzi to get his money while Ponzi still had it.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

The suit did not pay off.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

However, it attracted attention and raised the question of how the penniless Ponzi might have become a millionaire in such a short time.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

A mass exodus occurred at Ponzi's company (the Securities Exchange Company) when many investors decided to pull out of its operations.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

The Ponzi paid everyone who demanded their money, and the mass birth stalled.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

On July 24, 1920, the Boston Post published a favorable article about Ponzi and his scheme, followed by a record number of new investors investing in his company.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi was amassing 250,000 USD per day at that time.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Despite the new twist, one of the Boston Post reporters was skeptical of the case and hired investigative reporters to do background checks on Ponzi.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Also, the Commonwealth of Massachusetts (economic community) did his research on him and he met with state authorities the day the Post published his article.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

He dissuaded the authorities from checking his books by offering to stop receiving funds during the investigation; a lucky choice, as proper accounting had not been done.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi's offer temporarily appeased the misgivings of state officials.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Collapse Around this time Ponzi was looking for another target of dealing to get out of the golden trap he had built for himself, but time was running out.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

The Boston Post began a series of articles on July 26 asking tough questions about Ponzi's money-making machine.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Clarence Barron, who was an economic analyst and published a business publication called the Barron's, was contacted by The Post.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

He was due to investigate the Ponzi scheme.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Barron found that while Ponzi offered terrific interest rates on investments, then he did not invest money in his own company himself.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Barron then discovered that to cover investments in the Securities Exchange Company, there would have to be 160 million postal response coupons on the move.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

The United States Post Office, the United States Post Office, cited no mail response coupons purchased in large quantities at home or abroad.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

The percentage gross margin to buy and sell each IRC was huge, but the fixed cost required for purchases and redemption on products, which were bought extremely cheaply and sold privately, would have exceeded the margin.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

(Activity should therefore have been loss-making despite the high margin.)


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

The newspaper stories prompted a mass exodus from the Securities Exchange Company.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi paid $2 million in three days to a crowd that went wild that crowded outside his office.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

He persuaded the crowd, distributing people coffee and doughnuts, and happily told them they had no worries.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Many changed their minds and left their funds in his care.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

There was an inconsistency in Ponzi's guile.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

He had mobilized a system that was bound to collapse sooner or later.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

He weathered a pile of stacks of cash, but only with the result of running into ever-larger debts.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

From the perpetrator's point of view, he should have gone out of the United States at one particular moment and beyond the reach of the authorities in the country.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Instead, he stayed put and kept paying.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi wanted to appear as honest as possible and, according to his biography, he always hoped to use his increasing fortune to start a new business venture, from where he would get enough money to be able to pay back all the investors and make them rich.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Among the ideas Ponzi supported was to buy for $300 million a U.S. warship and turn it into a floating mall.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

At the same time, patriotism and the economy of the country would have been promoted by filling it with domestically manufactured goods.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

However, this plan was completely unworkable, as were most of Ponzi's business ideas.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

If he had ever had $300 million to pluck out of his out-of-control system, he would have been up to his ears in debt before selling even the first product on his ship ($3 billion by the 2006 dollar value).


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi had urgently hired James McMasters as a consultant to improve his public image.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

However, McMaster soon became skeptical of Ponzi's endless speeches regarding mail return coupons, as well as ongoing investigations.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

He went to the Boston Post calling Ponzi an “idiot on financial matters.”


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

The newspaper offered him $5000 for his report and published a headline on August 2 declaring Ponzi to be irrevocably insolvent.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

On August 10, federal agents raided the Securities Exchange Company and it was shut down.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

The company's premises did not have a large inventory of mail response coupons.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

The Hanover Trust Bank was also closed.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

The Boston Post continued to write its articles.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

In one of them, details of Ponzi's prison stay were revealed and published him smiling in arrest photos taken in Canada.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

By August 13, Ponzi had been arrested and was put on trial for 86 counts of fraud.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi's supporters were furious at the authorities who arrested him.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

17000 people had invested millions in Ponzi (40000 people according to another English Wikipedia article), up to tens of millions of dollars.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Many of those who faced financial ruin were so blinded by faith in Ponzi, or otherwise just unwilling to deny their foolishness, that they still regarded Ponzi as a hero.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Prison and later life Ponzi pleaded guilty on November 1 in 1920.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

He was sentenced to five years in federal prison.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

He was released after three-and-a-half years to face state-imposed charges.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

He was again found guilty and sentenced to nine years in prison.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

[2] Before he could be sent to state prison, he escaped after posting bail and fled to Florida, where he invented a scam involving selling first-rate Florida properties to gullible investors.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Florida authorities soon got there on the Ponzi scam.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

He fled to Texas, where he shaved his head bare, grew a mustache and tried to flee the country as a member of a merchant ship's crew.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

He was caught and sent back to Massachusetts to serve his prison sentence.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Meanwhile, government investigators probed to trace Ponzi's wriggled money patterns to find out how much money he had accepted and where it had ended up.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

They never found out and only concluded that millions had passed through his hands.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi was released in 1934 and was immediately deported to Italy, as he had never become an American citizen.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

[3] His shrewd confidence had evaporated during that time and when he went out of prison, he encountered an angry mob outside it.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

He told reporters before heading out of the country: “I was looking for trouble in my life and I found them.”


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Rose stayed in the country and later divorced her, for she did not want to leave Boston for him.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

However, they continued to send hopeful love letters to each other right up until Ponzi's death.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi tried different schemes in Italy, but nothing really came of them.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

He eventually got a comfortable job in Brazil as an agent for Ala Littoria, the Italian state airline.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

However, during World War II, Brazilians who were determined to side with the Allies discovered that the Italians were using the carrier to cargo strategically important material and closed it down.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi spent the last years of his life in poverty.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

He suffered a seizure in 1948 and died in a hospital for the poor in Rio de Janeiro on January 18, 1949.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

His life had been characterised by one great moment of brilliance, surrounded by strange wild tunings, which inevitably caused him to lose money.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi gave one of his last interviews to a US journalist at a hospital for the poor, telling Bostonians about the experiences they offered: “Even though they never benefited one bit from it, it was still cheap at that price.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

With no evil ulterior motives I had given them the best show ever offered in their area since the pilgrims were admitted!


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

It was lightly worth fifteen million bucks to watch me put the system up.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

“[4] Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Nars, Kari| title= MillionScammers: colorful history of grand fraudsters | location = Helsinki| publisher = January| year=2009| isbn = 978-951-31-6414-0| pages=112-128}} Zuckoff, Mitchell.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Ponzi's Scheme: The True Story of a Financial Legend.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

Random House: New York, 2005.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

(ISBN 1-4000-6039-7) on The History Channel.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

“In Search of History: Mr. Ponzi and His Scheme”.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

February 9, 2000.


Question: Where did Charles Ponzi die?

Charles Ponzi

(AAE-42325, ASIN 0767016726) References Category:Italian criminals Category:Financial criminals Category:Famous fraudsters Category:Those born in 1882 Category:Dead in 1949


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Arto Heikki Merisalo [1] (born July 1, 1965 in Ruovesi) is a Finnish real estate executive and former businessman, as well as business manager.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

He is a well-known influencer in the real estate and construction business, as well as a social background influencer who has received multiple convictions for financial crimes.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Merisalo came to public prominence in the context of the election funding experiment, which began in May 2008, where he and his partners' companies gave significant donations to politicians and parties.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

He has been featured on election finance issues related to the Finnish Centre and the Coalition on many occasions.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Merisalo has been particularly in the public eye regarding the financing of the 2006 presidential elections and the 2007 parliamentary elections.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Merisalo is described as one of the best people networked in business and politics in Finland.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Arto Merisalo's personal history Childhood and youth Arto Heikki Merisalo was born in Ruovesi, on the old border of Southern Ostrobothnia and Northern Häme, in the summer of 1965 growing up in local newspaper and saw industry circles there.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

His grandfather was a sawmill manager and chairman of the board of directors of the sawmill company Kotvio Oy and editor-in-chief of Ruovesi magazine.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Merisalo's father was the forestry foreman of Kotvio Oy and managed the family's forest property.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

During his time at school, Arto Merisalo was involved in support student activities and the school council, in addition to being active in local organizational activities.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Merisalo participated in free fire brigade activities until 1986.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

[2] Working career Merisalo worked as a contributor and freelance journalist 1981—1984 for magazines such as K-M-V, Keskisuomalainen and Puumies.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

From 1983 to 1985, he held marketing and management positions for machinery and equipment supplier companies in the sawmill industry and engineering companies, from autumn 1985 to 1987 as a corporate trade consultant.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Mersalo moved in 1987 to Ähtäri, Southern Ostrobothnia, working both in the family's companies, as the host of the Väräkoski Manor and at the same time as a Real Estate and Investment Director, a private person with a Southern Ostrobothnian background who owned a property portfolio of approximately EUR 150 million employed by corporations.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

In 1993, he moved to Espoo, working 1993—1995 as a consultant in business management and acquisitions, 1996—1998 as a consultant and marketing director for furniture stores and industry at Expo-Unito and Suomi-Soffa.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Merisalo also served at the same time from 1996 to 2001 as a unit manager at Kanrak Tallusilapalvelut Oy.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

[2] From 2002 to 2009, Merisalo served as Unit Manager, Business Director and from 2007 to 2009, Managing Director of the Real Estate Development Company in various companies of the Nova Group.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Merisalo worked as a real estate developer and built over 50 hectares worth over 50 hectares of various real estate development sites in the trade, logistics and production sectors in various parts of Finland during 1998—2011.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Over 4000 jobs were created in the provinces through these projects.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

From autumn summer 2008 to April 2012, Arto Merisalo served as CEO and Premises Consultant of Suomen Tallitilapalvelut Oy.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

From Autumn 2009 to May 2010 Merisalo was Director of Real Estate Development at Virsseli Oy Premises Services, founder of Motonet, Economist Lauri Juntusen.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

From May 2010 to early April 2011 Merisalo served as Senior Partner of Kanrak Oy and from April 2011 until the end of the same year at Hansa Deal Oy as a division manager in the real estate development services sector.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Merisalo then took over as CEO and premises consultant of STTP Oy until leaving on 19 April 2012 to serve the prison sentence he received.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

[2] Merisalo was released from prison on December 23, 2013.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

In September 2013, he had started a magazine renewal project at the department store company J.Kärkkäinen Oy, owned by his old friend Juha Kärkkäinen, where the company ended the publication of Magneettimedia magazine, which was the subject of various stirs, replaced by a new one published for the first time in December 2013 MerchangeFinland.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

The new magazine has become Finland's largest once-weekly free distribution magazine with approximately 366,000 copies and more than 1.1 million readers.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

In February 2014 Merisalo took over as Head of Real Estate of the J.Kärkkäinen Group and its subsidiaries, [2] as Senior Advisor to Sadepisara Oy, a consultancy company owned by Juha Kärkkäinen.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

In terms of social influence, Merisalo went public after the election rally began in May 2008.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

He was involved with some of his entrepreneurial friends (Kyösti Kakkonen, Lauri Juntunen, Seppo Saastamoinen, Toivo Sukari and Harri Toivainen) in the activities of the Emerging Counties Suomi ry (KMS).


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Merisalo came into a kind of conflict with Mari Kiviniemi, Timo Laaninen and the rest of Keskus's so-called Liberal leadership during June 2010.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

This discrepancy does not apply to current Chairman Juha Sipilä and his 2012 season.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Arto Merisalo, disillusioned with the policies of the Coalition and then Prime Minister Harri Holker in early 1988, joined the Finnish Centre in Ähtäri [2], decided, according to what he said, that he would no longer change parties in the future.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

SYK Companies Merisalo's more widely reported project was a group of companies called SYK companies.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

On 5 September 1986, the magazine “Economics” published an article about the 21-year-old businessman at the time.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

The purpose of the SYK companies was to bring together consultants who across the country worked on M&A.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

However, questions were raised by the fact that convicted financial criminals were also involved and Merisalo itself had payment failures.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

The company had large premises in Tampere along the Keskus Market and the Forum shopping centre in Helsinki.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

[3] SYK companies were financed, among other things, by the Iisalmi Co-operative Bank, which brokered foreign so-called interbankraha.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

[2] These types of loans later led, with devaluation, to the creation of a banking crisis.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

SYK companies became bankrupt, early in 1987, which resulted in Merisalo and his then partner Carl Waissi being convicted of fraud and unconditional imprisonment and substantial compensation after several years of litigation in 1995.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

[3] Expo-Unito Oy In 1997 Merisalo and the company Expo-Unito, owned by him, were setting up a sofa factory in Haapamäki, Keuru city.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Merisalo also tried to entice the city to invest money in the factory.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

He was at the time still serving a prison sentence for his previous financial crimes and the then president of the city council, Lauri Oinonen (mid.)


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

went to see Merisalo in prison.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Both Oinonen and Keuruu's then mayor pushed the project of Merisalo's Expo-Unito company strongly.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

However, the council rejected co-operation with the furniture factory after Merisalo's criminal history was revealed.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

[4] Expo-Unito was already bankrupt.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

The taxman filed for bankruptcy at the end of 1997 due to unpaid taxes.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

The police investigation and judicial review of crimes related to the company's operations lasted several years.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Merisalo was convicted of aggravated fraud at the Espoo District Court in 2004 and the Helsinki Court of Appeal in 2007 to short suspended prison sentences.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

They also paid the damages imposed on the bankruptcy estate and creditors.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

[4] Kanrak-Group Arto Merisalo was also involved in Kanrak-Group, which brokered commercial real estate, from 1996 to 2001.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

[3] The company's branch network expanded rapidly to Kotka, Kuopio, Lahti, Oulu, Tampere and Turku in addition to Helsinki.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

[5] The company was one of the leading business brokerage companies in Finland.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Merisalo was himself a unit manager firstly at Kanrak Testiilapalvelu Oy, later Kanrak-Group Oy [6], whose housing services company Kanrak-Yeköht Oy later became Nova-Asunto Oy, one of Nova Group's subsidiaries.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

[7] Nova Group Nova Group was a group of companies established in 2002 that operated premises brokerage and provided consultancy services related to land use planning and construction.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

The CEO of the company was Tapani Yli-Saunamäki.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

The company's net sales in its last full year of operation amounted to EUR 13 million.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

On June 15, 2009, the Helsinki District Court declared the two companies in the group — Nova Group Oy and Nova Property Development Oy — bankrupt.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Arto Merisalo was jailed on August 20, 2009 on suspicion of aggravated debtor dishonesty in relation to his activities as CEO of Nova Real Estate Development.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

[5] Criminal convictions Merisalo and 5 other key figures from Nova were convicted in April 2012 in the Helsinki District Court.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

The sentence received in the Merisalo Subordinate Court, or district court, consisted of aggravated debtor dishonesty offences, aggravated accounting offences, aggravated bribe giving, bribe giving, registration offence and accounting offence.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Of these, the sentence of the lower court was six years of unconditional imprisonment.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Merisalo appealed the sentence he received to the Court of Appeal and appealed the detention sentence to the Court of Appeal, but the Court of Appeal dismissed the detention complaint.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

[10] Instead, the Helsinki Court of Appeal considered and dismissed all the so-called political charges and some of Merisalo's financial crime charges received by Merisalo, Ilkka Kanerva, Toivo Sukari and Kyösti Kakkonen in June 2013, while reducing Merisalo's sentence to 4 years 6 months of which Merisalo suffered half, that is, 2 years 3 months.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Arto Merisalo was released from prison on Sunday 22 December 2013 after a 6-month probation release and finally released on 22.06.2014 when the prison sentence was adjusted.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Merisalo physically spent 21 months in the remand prisons of Vantaa and Jokela and in the Ojoinen open prison unit of Vanaja Prison.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Merisalo said remand was twice as tough as actual incarceration.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

[11] In 2008, Merisalo founded a company called Suomen Testiilapalvelu Oy with his then employer Nova Group.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

After Nova went bankrupt, Merisalo redeemed Suomen Tallimilapalvelut Oy entirely as its own.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

After Jukka Laaksovirta was forced to resign from the position of CEO of Destia Oy in 2009 due to suspicions of financial irregularities (Laaksovirta was charged with six counts of abuse of trust status.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

However, both the District and the Court of Appeal acquitted Laaksovirta of all charges) Merisalo recruited Laaksovirta as an advisor to Suomen Testiilapalvelut Oy.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

This company's business ended in the spring of 2012 when Merisalo received a conviction in the Nova case.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Jukka Laaksovirta took over as a consultant for international trade and oil trade.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Merisalo media In recent years, Arto has been seen in the headlines most often in relation to gastric bills (bankruptcies) and related litigation in life.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

As an entrepreneur, he has, in his own business, experienced a complete “stomach bill” or two times, bankruptcy and has undergone long years of legal processes resulting in him receiving financial criminal convictions.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

[2] The writing of a biography book has been under work at Arto Merisalo since spring 2012 and is continuing, the publication date Arto Merisalo has wanted to be moved to 2018-2019.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Merisalo publishes a blog on the website of New Finland magazine.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

[2] Arvo Tuominen made a documentary about Merisalo in Yle's Documentary Project series, “Election financier”, which aired in August 2014.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

[6] Yle moved the presentation of the documentary from the end of April 2014 over with the decisions of the leader of the Euro elections Riitta Pihlajamäki, who was widely haunted by the decision.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

The documentary had over 700,000 viewers in its entirety.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

[2] Private life Arto Merisalo has been married once (1988-1995), his former spouse is Aija Merisalo.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Aija and Arto Merisalo have one daughter.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Singer-songwriter Jippu is the foster daughter of Aija Merisalo.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

[7] Along with the transactions, Merisalo has been involved in both background activities of various Christian organisations and in political backgrounds.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

On the spiritual side, he has been active in both the Church and the so-called Free Directions sector, e.g.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

in the Pentecostal movement.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

From 1998 to 2016, Merisalo is a member of the revival movements of the Evangelical Lutheran Church.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

In the presentation text of his new Finnish blog, Arto Merisalo characterised himself as Paavo Swedish-like charismatic körist.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

[2] Sources Iltaehti.fi.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Referenced 12/23/2013.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Rinne, Pekka: Economy life.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

On 5 September 1986.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Referenced as of July 30, 2009.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Rantanen, Miska: (Internet Archive) Helsingin Sanomat.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

August 21, 2009.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Referenced on 28/8/2009.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Eronen, Jussi: June 2, 2008.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

MTV.fi.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Referenced 12/23/2013.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Rainisto, Sami: Economy life.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Referenced as of October 2, 2009.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Trade magazine.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

March 2, 2000.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Referenced as of October 2, 2009.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Sahiluoma, Veijo: Kaupplehti.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Referenced as of October 2, 2009.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Yle News.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

April 18, 2012.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Referenced as of 18 April 2012.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

HS.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Referenced as of May 17, 2012.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Aija Roivas.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Referenced as of July 30, 2009.


Question: When did Arto Heikki Merisalo get out of prison?

Arto Merisalo

Thank you friends, journalist Marja Pettersson, Helsingin Sanomat, monthly note 03/2015, Election financier, documentary, YLE, journalist Arto Merisalo Linkedin Arto Merisalo Facebook Arto Merisalo CV Judgment of the Court of Appeal of Helsinki June 2013 Jarmo Korhonen, Tammi 2015, Earth Way References Category:Finnish business leaders Category:People born in 1965 Category:Living Persons Category:Financial criminals Category:Finnish criminals


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The Finnish Civil War was fought between the Senate of Finland, or the government, and troops led by the Finnish People's Delegation that had rebelled against it from 27 January — 15 May 1918.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The armed forces of the Senate were white troops and the Finnish Red Guard, or Red Guards, as the People's Delegation.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The army of the German Empire supported the Whites by capturing Helsinki, Lahti and other southern Finnish cities.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

Soviet-Russia supported the Reds by donating weapons to them.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The Civil War was part of the state and social transformation in Europe caused by World War I.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

In 1917, World War I led to the dissolution of the Russian Empire and a political struggle for power, and eventually to the Russian Civil War.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

As a result of the collapse of Russia, a part of the Empire, the Grand Duchy of Finland, declared independence as Finland on 6 December 1917, but the intensification and dissolution of internal tensions within Finnish society led to the dissolution of state power within 1917 and a military crisis which resulted in the formation of two centres of power equipped with armed forces in the country.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

[1] The crisis culminated at the end of January in 1918 with a civil war between the Reds and Whites.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The Reds ruled Southern Finland, the Whites controlled Central and Northern Finland.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The military strength of both sides was about 80,000 troops.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The Whites arrived to be supported by an additional 13,000 soldiers strong force of the German army.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

Russia supported the Reds mainly by handing over weapons to the Red Guards.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The settlement battles of the war took place in March—April 1918.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The Battle of Tampere began on 16 March and ended on 6 April C.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

To the victory of the white forces led by G. Mannerheim.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

On 3 April, the German Army's Baltic Division under Major General Rüdiger von der Goltz had come ashore in southern Finland with a strength of about 13,000 troops, taking Helsinki, Lahti and other southern Finnish cities during the same month.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

At the end of April, the Whites still took Vyborg.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The Reds offensive phase, which began in February 1918, ended in almost total failure [2].


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

Germany's entry into the Finnish Civil War shortened the war and saved, among other things, Helsinki from devastating battles.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

[3] The civil war ended with the victory of the white Finnish and German army.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

Russia's reign ended in Finland, but the country passed into the reign of Imperial Germany for the remainder of World War I.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

After Germany lost the Great War, the independence gained by the Finns in December 1917 took full effect.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

In this case, projects to transform Finland into a Kingdom were also abandoned; the country became a republican democracy with the contribution of the Western Great Powers of Europe.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

[4] The civil war is the most conflicting event in Finnish history, whose effects on Finnish and Finnish society have been exceptionally long lasting.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

As is often the case with infighting within nations, there was widespread terror during and after the war.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

While the war effort was underway, both sides committed political terror and brutality.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

As the war wore on at the hands of the Reds, 1424 whites died executed, 4 died in a prison camp.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

At the hands of the Whites, 7370 Reds died executed, 11652 died in a prison camp, most after the war effort had already ended, as the capture and execution of Red or Red suspects continued on a large scale even after the last combatants surrendered.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

[5] In total, the civil war claimed about 38,000 casualties.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

[6] Some 75% of them were Reds, most killed in executions during the war and after the end of the war in prison camps from starvation and disease.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

In the actual combat action, nearly equal numbers of both red and white died.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

Of the terror victims, a minority were white, and Russian citizens were also executed.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The other casualties of the war were mainly German and Russian soldiers fallen in the fighting.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

[7] The civil war deepened the divide of the Finnish people.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The winning party considered the worst material in society to have risen, with Russian support, to revolt against the legitimate government, so those who lost were largely viewed as criminals.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

However, the outcome of World War I strengthened the position of moderate and broad-based national thought oriented populations in society.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

This allowed for slow defragmentation among populations.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

[8] War designations The war has been given a variety of names reflecting the power political and social tendencies of different historical times as well as ideological emphases.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The most coloured names in this regard include the Revolutionary War, the Class War, the Red Rebellion, and the Crofter Revolt.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

More balanced names include Civil War, Revolution, Rebellion and Brotherly War.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The most neutral expressions are the War of 1918 (in Finland), the Finnish War 1918, the events of 1918 or, to paraphrase Veijo Merta, the events of spring 1918.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The Revolution was one of the first appointments of the 1918 war on the side of the People's Delegation.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The Red Party also called the war a class war and a rebellion.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

In addition, the freedom fight name was used, for example, in obituaries and funerals of Red Guards.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The civil war name was commonly used on both sides of the front during the war.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

Whites additionally used the names Red Rebellion and Rebellion.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

In the late stages of the war and beyond, the victors” side began to emphasize the national nature of the war as a war of freedom against Russia and the Reds it supported.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

[9] In part of historical research, the war is now mainly referred to as the Civil War, which is also better suited to international practice.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

Although it is artificial and developed to suit the needs of the historiography of the moment.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The civil war term describes the nature of war neutrally (cf.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

the Revolutionary War, Class War) and include foreign powers involvement in the war.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

On the other hand, since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the use of the term freedom war has experienced a subtle renaissance in Finland.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

[10] [11] [12] The Roots of War Fundamentals In the 19th century, the Grand Duchy of Finland became industrialised, economic and political activities became vacant and the population grew.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

This changed the structure of the prevailing legal society and created conflicts.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The internal dominance of the enactments changed as the peasants and bourgeoisie grew stronger.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

However, the most significant change was the growth of non-regulated populations, the number of land and industrial working people and the rise of self-worth, socialism, nationalism and also liberalism as their tools.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The Finnish labour movement emerged at the end of the 19th century from the foundations of folk and revival movements, with the slow but steady progress of mental and material conditions.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The labour movement acquired a national character under the influence of Fennomania, and its breakthrough was significantly promoted by the Great Strike that broke out in Russia and Finland in 1905.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

Subsequently, the radical parliamentary reform in Finland in 1906 did not reduce social tensions, as the Russian Emperor and the Finns mutual conflicts prevented the full functioning of the parliament between 1907 and 1916.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The influence of the regulation system thus continued until 1917, and the Finnish political system was in an unsettled state of change.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

This slowed down the implementation of social reforms and sharpened the attitudes of working people.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

With the Russification periods 1899—1916 (years of repression) and the intensification of Finnish nation-thinking, efforts to detach Finland from Russia and also to achieve state independence increased.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

In addition to peaceful resistance and action, activism in favour of armed resistance arose in the country and the ice cap movement with it.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

[13] The decisive factor behind the 1918 war was the increased internal instability in the Russian Empire since the beginning of the 20th century, most strongly influenced by World War I.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The Great War had led to an internal crisis in Russia and the fragmentation of the entire empire, as well as the creation of a wide power vacuum and a struggle for power.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

[14] With the dissolution of Russia in the Revolutions of March and November 1917, Finland first fragmented state power.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

Together, these caused a political, economic and military crisis in the country and eventually led to the breakdown of Finnish society as a whole.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

[15] The Bolsheviks led by Lenin who sought power in Saint Petersburg, with their support and demands, pressed the Finnish labour movement to carry out the revolution.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

[16] The Bolsheviks in Finland were in close contact with the Russian Bolsheviks, and the Finns helped the Russian Bolsheviks hold their secret meetings in Finland, where the ohrana activities of Russian intelligence were not as effective as in Russia.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

[17] [18] However, the Russian revolutions of 1917 did not spread and were not separately spread to Finland; the country was immediately within their sphere of influence as part of Russia.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

Thus, the process of disintegration of society and the struggle for power were simultaneous and similar in the mother country and Finland.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

They were mainly due to the same circumstances [19] The German Empire was another superpower besides Russia, whose takeover plans and economic interests in Eastern Europe influenced events in Finland between 1917 and 1918.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The Finnish ice cap movement was part of German plans.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

Activists in Finland planned to extract the country from Russia using German bayonets and ice hangers.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

In the 1917 situation of World War I, the German leadership decided to support the Bolsheviks financially, as well as to promote the relocation of Lenin and some other Bolsheviks from exile in Switzerland to Saint Petersburg in April.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The hope was that Lenin would seize power in Russia and renounce the war, which in turn would free Germany from a heavy two-front war.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

Thus, Germany contributed two ways to the emergence of civil war.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

[20] Divided people As a result of the long-established social system in the country, the Finnish people were divided in two economically, socially and politically.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The division is described by counterparts: weathers—raffish, independent—unindependent and ownership—non-owning population, employers—workers, civility—"people”, upper class—lower class.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

Industrial capitalism increased the standard of living of working people steadily from the late 19th century onwards, but on the other hand the standard of living of the upper class increased more.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

As the Emperor's rule broke in 1917, Finland did not develop national unity in order to develop the country as well as to create a new internal order.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

Instead, social division led to fierce domestic political infighting and the emergence of the so-called dual power that preceded the civil war.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The dispute took advantage of Finland's dependence on Russia, and the power struggle was linked to the internal Russian crisis and the war between Germany and Russia as a question of Finnish control.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The pursuit of Finnish sovereign independence was one of the few objectives on which the Finns were finally unanimous.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

However, the goal was drowned out under internal power disputes.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

[21] The internal struggle for power and the breakdown of society during 1917 was reflected by many phenomena.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

These included unwillingness and inability to make political compromise, as well as the food and unemployment crisis and resulting unrest.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

Problems with working conditions and local democracy, including working-time legislation and the lack of universal and equal suffrage in municipal elections, caused rife strikes in industry and agriculture, eventually joining the struggle for state power.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

When, since March, there was no ordinary-keeping power jointly accepted by different groups of power in Finland, the upper layer of society began to establish their own ordinances (later.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

patronage municipalities) and the working population of the Ordinary Guards (later.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

Red Guards).


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

Their arming and radicalization, especially during the Great Strike of November 1917, fuelled fear, threat thinking and political violence in the country, and also altered power relations within power groups.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

During the winter of 1917—1918, both within the labour movement and the conservatives and bourgeoisie, decision-making power shifted from moderate circles to soldiers and armed troops (the so-called armed fortresses of Southern Finland and Southern Ostrobothnia), eventually leading to military conflict.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

[22] Pre-war events March Revolution The drug of freedom Emperor Nicholas II relinquished power on 15 March 1917.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

In Russia, power was taken by the Duma and the provisional government imposed by it.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

In the Grand Duchy of Finland, the second and at the same time last period of Russification ended on 20 March with the manifesto of the so-called March of the Provisional Government, which restored the situation between Finland and the mother country to a time before the reign of Nikolai Bobrikov.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

For the first time, the Finnish Parliament gained the dominance imposed on it in 1906.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

On 26 March, on the basis of the SDP's electoral victory in the 1916 parliamentary elections, a Tokai Senate was appointed to the country, with six socialists and six non-socialists as its members.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The Senate program included efforts to expand democracy and the removal of a temporary government veto.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

Furthermore, the aim was to develop municipal democracy and working conditions, including working time laws and social insurance, and the enactment of the Compulsory Education and Religious Freedom Act.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The conservatives (RKP, Old Finns and Young Finns “swallows”), as well as other bourgeois, non-socialists (liberal NuorFinns “sparrows” and the Agrarian League), welcomed the bourgeoisie of the provisional government and the fall of the quasi-dictatorial empress and to the end of the repressive period.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The future seemed to increase opportunities for the diversification and development of entrepreneurship and economic activities.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

Despite the bourgeoisie nature of the Provisional Government, from the perspective of the labour movement, the development was even more cataclysmic; the power of the Socialist-majority parliament grew and regulations that limited the workforce's activities, including the ban on strikes, barriers to freedom of speech and print, fell.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The working population seemed to finally have the opportunity to achieve a position already belonging to its population in society.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

[23] The Year of Fears and Hopes, however, the narcotic and positive outlook of liberation remained short-lived.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

Finland's domestic political situation deteriorated, and the breakdown of society that began in March proceeded at an accelerating pace.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

In the broad picture, the Finns of 1917 were “at the interface” where the legal society was becoming a more democratic civil society.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

On the one hand, traditions and attitudes of the old system were still prevalent, but on the other hand, with the spread of popular thinking, the inequalities of the regulation system previously considered natural were no longer accepted.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

In 1917, the new system was still looking for its way, and the direction of development became a major subject of controversy and struggle.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The change and its momentum began to frighten conservatives and non-socialists alike.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

For the labor movement, development looked too slow.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The cataclysmic shift from enactment power to parliamentarianism and universal suffrage caused by the 1905 Great Strike influenced the actions of both the working people and the bourgeoisie in 1917.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The workers' circle did not want a repeat of the “Tsarist setback” of 1908—1916, and on the other hand, in 1905 it had also been learned that revolution may have been the quickest path to “progress”.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The loss of state (enacted) power faced by conservatives and burghers in 1906 was not concreted until the March 1917 Revolution and then the situation threatened to lead to a decline in economic power as well.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

[24] In terms of the economy, the situation of both the industrial working population and industrial employers deteriorated significantly during 1917.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

In 1914—1916, the First World War caused a positive “war boom” in Finnish economic life, which clearly strengthened the economy of not only employers but also workers.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The March Revolution collapsed this development, causing unemployment and strong inflation.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The sudden deterioration of the working people's finances, coupled with the deteriorating food situation, created uncertainty and fear in the workers, laying the groundwork for strike movement and other unrest.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

[25] The Senate of Tokai formed a weak government from the Tokoi Senate.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The fundamental problem was that neither the social democrats nor the burghers participated fully in the government.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

Due to a power dispute between power groups and fear of political careers becoming scarred, the best forces of the SDP and the non-socialists were not included.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The politically advantageous situation long awaited by the Socialists, despite the majority in Parliament, could not be exploited because the working population lacked economic power.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The burghers had economic power, but they pursued a bourgeois majority parliament and senate as an extension.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

[26] The weak political position of the Tokai Senate and later the Svinhufvud Senate characterised the dissolution of state power in 1917—1918.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The power lost by the Russian emperor in March 1917 was dispersed in several directions: in addition to the Provisional Government, the Senate of Finland, Parliament and other administrations, power was transferred to a significant extent on the street to workers' and military councils, strike organisations and mass rallies, as well as employers for active interest groups.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

[27] Crisis blanks During its short life cycle, the Tokai Senate had to contend with at least four problems: the strike movements of spring 1917, food shortages and Finland's position in relation to Russia, and the question of ordinal power.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The Senate survived fairly little of the strike crafting that began in April—May 1917 in industry and agriculture.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The main requirement of working people in strikes was an eight-hour working day.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

There was also a desire for wage increases to offset rising inflation.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The strikes were resolved mostly through negotiations between employers and workers, and mainly for the benefit of workers.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The outcome of the dispute elevated working people's self-esteem and faith in mass power, but embittered employers over economic losses and unrest associated with the strikes.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

In addition, the labourers had used Russian soldiers in some places as support for their demands.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The upheaval caused by the March Revolution increased the mass power of the working population significantly also through the increased organization of workers; from late 1916 to the end of 1917, the number of members of the Finnish Vocational Organisation more than quadrupled to about 160,000.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The employer side was also organized, in the autumn of 1917 the Finnish Employers Confederation and the Confederation of Agricultural Producers were established.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

[28] Frontier prices had been imposed for food as early as 1914 and in 1917 food shortages continued to worsen as imports of bread grain from Russia collapsed.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

Mainly because of that, a food law was enacted in Finland (2 June 1917), under which the state had the right to confiscate excess food stocks and distribute them for public use.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

However, the enforcement and implementation of the Act was left completely halfway, resulting in higher food prices and some supply disappearing into bootlegging due to food inventory inspections, seizures and border prices required by law.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

[29] However, food shortages were mainly grain shortages and specifically a price crisis for the poorest part of the population affected by unemployment.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

Some of the bread shortages could be offset by other products because bread grain accounted for 10 to 20 percent of the average family's food consumption.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

Food products were on the cards, queued up and were periodically in short supply, but large-scale hunger was not seen in southern Finland until the 1918 war.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

[29] [30] However, the issue developed into a political issue between the working people and the producers and the producers, where “the fear of starvation was a punk”.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

Many agricultural producers saw food confiscations and inventory inspections as socialist class policies encroaching on private ownership, and urban working populations in particular were embittered by expensive bootlegging, food export trade to Saint Petersburg, among others, and perception, that there was something deliberate about the trouble.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The provocative news coverage of the newspaper press also played a large part in the escalation of moods as the year 1917 wore on.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

[31] [32] [33] Power Law The struggle for power to Nicholas II, Grand Duke of Finland, has been considered to have passed to the provisional Russian government after the March 1917 Revolution.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

However, its position was uncertain throughout its short life cycle, and ultimately unclear with regard to Finland.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

In the revolutionary situation, as the internal disintegration of Russia progressed due to war and infighting, the composition of the government changed several times and on the other hand the power of local regional councils and committees increased.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

[34] The Russian Provisional Government was to function until the Russian Constituent National Assembly would decide on the country's future statesmanship.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The restoration of autonomy and the extension of self-government in Finland just before the Russification periods, and finally the realization of full independence, were essentially the objectives of all parties in 1917.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

Due to infighting and social unrest, conservatives began to hesitate to increase the power of the socialist-majority parliament.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The Social Democrats, for their part, are seeking to expand the country's independence and, by means of it, as a follow-up to the political victories of spring and early summer, their domestic political power.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

The SDP initially sought cooperation with the Provisional Government on the issue and sought support from the Russian parties for their plans, but ultimately received positive backlash only from the Bolsheviks led by Lenin.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

Lenin was planning a coup as early as the summer of 1917 and supported the Socialists' intentions as they contributed to weakening the position of the Provisional Government.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

[35] Two lines arose in the Tokoi Senate to resolve the issue of supreme power in Finland: Lex Tulenheimo named after Senator Antti Tulenheimo, who was responsible for judicial affairs, and the idea of transferring power to parliament, matured within the SDP.


Question: Who was in charge of Tampere City at the time of the Finnish Civil War?

Finnish Civil War

According to Lex Tulenheimo, the provisional government's power over Finland would have been transferred mostly to the Senate.