Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

The most famous sights in Jerusalem are the biblical sites in the Old City and its vicinity, as well as around Lake Genesaret.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Zefat (Safed) is a destination for religious pilgrims and the high altitude town offers fine views.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Tel Aviv and Haifa are major cities.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

On the Dead Sea are located saltwater baths and hotels, natural parks and the mountain fortress of Masada.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

There are staggering vantage points and beautiful natural parks in the Negev Desert, the Galilee and the Golan Highlands.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Eilat has bathing beaches and is one of the best diving sites in the world.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

The most visible part of the security effort in Israel is security checks at doors in shops and shopping centres, as well as checkpoints on the roads.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Even if checkpoints aren't normally manned — or if they are, no cars are stopped — it's always worth silencing and being prepared to stop.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Current information on the security situation in Israel can be obtained, for example, by the Finnish


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Notable companies from Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, the world's largest generic drug manufacturer.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Natural Resources Israel's most significant natural resources are copper, phosphate, bromine, sulfur, potash, natural gas.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

[50] and shale oil.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

[51] The most significant export products are high-tech (more than half of exports), e.g.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

information and communication technology, pharmaceutical equipment, software, diagnostics, biotechnology, fine chemicals, electro-optics and measurement technology, and machinery industry products.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Some Israeli foods are quite well-known, but agricultural products account for only a few percent of Israel's exports.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Politics Israel is a parliamentary democratic republic with equal voting rights.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Israel's unicameral 120-member parliament is called the knesset.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Representative seats are allocated according to the party endorsement according to the proportional representation method.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Knesset is elected by popular vote every four years, but MPs can call an early election by voting on confidence.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

The President of Israel is essentially a representative office.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

The president is elected by parliament for a seven-year term.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

The president chooses the leader of the majority party or alliance as Prime Minister.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Israel's head of state is the president, but it follows from British-style majority parliamentarianism that the prime minister is effectively the country's political leader.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Israel's president is Reuven Rivlin, elected in 2014.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

The prime minister has been served since 2009 by Benjamin Netanyahu of the Likud Party.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

The position of prime ministers is hampered by the fragmentation of the Knesset.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Governments have often been politically weak “governments of national unity”.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Early elections have been commonplace.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Israel considers Jerusalem as its capital, and the knesses and most of the regime are located there.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

[52] Jerusalem has not been recognized as a capital by the international community, including Finland, and the vast majority of embassies are located in Tel Aviv.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

[53] According to Hannu Juusola, the major political issues in Israel are issues that a young state normally has to solve as soon as it becomes independent.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

The “external eternity conflict” with the Palestinians awaits resolution, and the borders of the country are waiting for final definition.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Another problem is that the country has no constitution.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

The third “ultimate question” concerns external status: whether Israel is part of the Middle East, an eternal bastion of European culture or even colonialism in the Third World, or no less than a sort of remote “state” of the US.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

[54] The lack of a constitution stems from the failure to agree on what “Jewish state” means.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

The secular and moderate majority view Judaism as an ethnic concept and want a state based on secular law.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Some, on the other hand, want a theocracy based on Jewish law halakha.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

According to the largest religious party, the god-given torah is the constitution, that's all you need.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

[37] The lack of a constitution has been replaced by the so-called Basic Laws, which are supposed to sometimes form the Constitution.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

The right is independent from other governmental bodies.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

The judicial system is three-tier and includes a sub-court, a district court and a supreme court.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Supreme Court justices are appointed by the president for life.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Transport, labour, youth, war and municipal matters have their own legal courts.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Religious legislation is in place in family matters.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Jewish affairs are handled by rabbinic court, Muslim affairs by Sharia court, Druze affairs by their own courts, and the ecclesiastical rights of the ten recognized Christian denominations.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

[55] Domestic politics The most prominent ruling parties in Israel until very recently have been the left-wing Labour Party and the 1973 born right-wing Likud.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Ariel Sharon became the country's first prime minister from outside these parties after the Likud Party dissolved into internal strife and Sharon's resignation from it.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

The new centrist Kadima Party, founded by Sharon in the fall of 2005, emerged as the largest party in the Knesset in the 2006 elections, and its chairman, Jehud Olmert, became the country's prime minister.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Kadima attracted name politicians from right and left alike.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

In the 2009 elections, Likud emerged as the winner, which formed a government with the Haredi Shas, the Labour Party and Yisrael Beiteinu Party, which is mainly read as far-right [56] [57].


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Due to its proportional representation as well as social fragmentation since the 1990s, the country also has a large number of smaller parties, which have often held a significant scale language position in the country's parliament and thus proportionally greater influence than their size.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Small parties include Meretz-Jahhad (“Social Democrats”), Ra'am (“United Arab List”), Ta'al (“Arab Movement for Renewal”), Shas, National Religious Party, Yisrael Beiteinu, Communist Party of Israel, Balad (“National Democratic Coalition”).


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

However, the participation of Arab parties Ra'am, Ta'al and Balad in the 2009 elections is banned.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

[58] Nonetheless, they hold a total of 8 seats in the Knesset.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Similar to many European countries, a group of foreign non-Jewish migrant workers has also emerged in Israel.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

By the turn of the millennium, the share of legal and illegal migrants in the workforce had increased to between 7% and 14%.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Israel, leaning towards Jewish identity, has not had the nonethical tools to integrate immigrants into society.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

The country's liberal economic policy emphasizes the free market, which is liable to weaken the state as well as emphasising the importance of individuality.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

On the other hand, the Palestinian minority, more alienated from Israeli society, emphasizes their Islamic faith and Palestinian identity.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

[59] Foreign Policy Israel has close ties with the world's industrialized countries.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Relations with China and India were established in 1992.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

In foreign policy, Israel has a peace treaty with Egypt over the 1973 Yom Kippur War, with Jordan for the 1967 Six-Day War.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

With Syria, the dispute over its six-day war over the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights remains open, and Syria and Israel do not yet have a peace deal.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

The state of Israel has not been recognized by 32 predominantly Muslim-majority countries in North Africa and the Middle East.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Some Orthodox Jews do not recognize the secular state of Israel.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Arab countries have put forward a plan to normalize relations with Israel, provided that Israel withdraws to the 1967 borders, that an independent Palestinian state is established in the West Bank and Gaza with Jerusalem as its capital, and that Palestinian refugees are allowed to return to Israel to the region.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

[60] The Fourth Committee of the General Assembly devotes a third of the session's time to deal with the Israeli-Middle East conflict, a third of the HRC's country decisions concern Israel, and with the reform that has passed through Muslim countries the only mandatory structure of each session the so-called “Israel Bulletin” has been prescribed.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

[61] The UN-critical United Nations Association of the United Kingdom found in its study the UN interpreted Israeli actions with significantly more negative expressions than Palestinians or Arab countries.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

However, in the view of scholars, this is not necessarily an anti-Israel bias; Israel's ignoring of UN resolutions and violations of international law would undermine the organization's credibility.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

The researchers did not take a position on the veracity of the facts behind the decisions.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

[62] According to the New York Times, relations between Israel and the UN improved in the early years of the 21st century; Ariel Sharon stated in September 2005 relations were “better than they have been ever before”.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

[63] UN Secretary-General Annan has acknowledged that “the UN's history of anti-Semitism has not matched our ideals.”


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Israeli presence is banned at all other UN offices except New York because Arab countries do not recognize the state of Israel.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

[63] The United States, the most prominent supporter of Israel, is a permanent member country of the Security Council and has frequently exercised veto power on what it sees as anti-Israel resolutions.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

[64] There is censorship in Israel for news about foreign and security policy.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Newspapers and other traditional media covering these topics must be submitted to military censorship review by the military before their publications.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Censorship has ordered the amendment or blocked the publication of about a fifth of the stories.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

[65] US-Israeli relations have strengthened during the reign of US President Donald Trump.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

[66] Concerns have arisen in Israel, however, about what the country's status will be in the post-Trump era, as the country's status could be diminished if Democrats win the next election in the United States.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

[66] The Jewish People Policy Institute JPPI has stated that the American Jewish community is, in the long run, one of Israel's most important strategic assets.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

[66] For more than 50 years, the United States has been regarded as Israel's most prominent supporter.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

[66] Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has been criticized in his foreign policy for alienating himself from the liberal democratic world and being more xenophobic.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

[66] The Palestinian Territories and the Golan Heights UN Security Council Resolutions 242 of 1967 and 338 of 1973 called for the withdrawal of Israel's armed forces from at least some of the territories captured in 1967.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

[67] [68] Approximately three million Palestinians live in the occupied territories, as well as 200,000 Jewish settlers.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Israel has a total of 242 settlements or other civilian sites in the West Bank, 42 in the Golan Heights and 29 in East Jerusalem.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

[69] Security Council Resolutions 446, 452, 465, and 471 consider the establishment and expansion of these settlements to be contrary to the Geneva Convention and to be “without legitimate basis”.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

The settlements are also considered by human rights organisations Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch to be contrary to international law.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

[70] [71] Israel acknowledges that some of the smaller settlements were built in violation of Israeli laws.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

[72] [73] Israel therefore uses the territorial term “disputed territories”.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Human rights crimes Palestinians living in the Palestinian territories in the West Bank and Gaza have been the target of human rights violations.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

In 2008, there were an estimated 11000 Palestinians in Israeli prisons, 98 of whom were women, 345 children, 50 members of the Palestinian Legislative Council and three Palestinian Authority ministers [74].


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

According to Amnesty International reports, the majority are non-violent prisoners of conscience and very few have received a judicial review that meets international standards.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

[75] The security fence and roadblocks built by Israel make it difficult for Palestinians to move.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

The region has an unemployment rate of about 30% and more than two-thirds of the Palestinian population live below the poverty line.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Israel's actions towards the Palestinians have been compared to South Africa's apartheid policies [76] [77] [78].


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

According to critics and opponents of the apartheid analogy, the parable is factually, morally and historically incorrect and its purpose is to present Israel's actions as illegal.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

[79] According to critics, Gaza and the West Bank are not part of Israel.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Critics argue that while the movement of Palestinians across borders is heavily controlled by Israel, the territories are governed by the Palestinian authorities and an elected Hamas, so the situation cannot be compared to South Africa's domestic apartheid policies.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Other problems in the region include honour killings in the Palestinian territories, summary killings of suspected collaborators by armed Palestinian groups, and death penalties imposed by the Palestinian Authority.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

[80] Human Rights Watch has accused Palestinian terrorist organizations of human rights crimes and has criticized the Palestinian Authority for not making every effort to prevent attacks and to bring the perpetrators to trial.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

On the other hand, a number of Palestinian entities and organizations urge people to violence against Israel as well as against Jews.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Amnesty International has issued a demand to Hamas to respect the human rights of all Palestinians, adhere to the standards of international law and end violence against Israeli civilians.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

[81] [82] [83] Palestinian rocket warfare Since 2001, Hamas and other Palestinian factions have shelled from Gaza into the Israeli side with rockets and mortars smuggled, among other things, along the tunnels from the Egyptian side.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

While much of it has fallen outside the settlement, continuing to be under the threat of shelling has been emotionally consuming for Israel's civilian population and has put pressure on the Israeli government to strike Gaza.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

2007 Israel's defense minister had said he would not allow evacuations of the area's population, pressured by terrorist attacks.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

[84] By the beginning of 2009, 8600 rockets had been fired into southern Israel from the Gaza Strip alone, including 6000 since Israel's 2005 withdrawal from Gaza.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

The attacks had killed 28 people and wounded hundreds within 40km of the border.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

In the past, the rockets were homemade “Kassam” rockets with a maximum 10 km range, but later Hamas acquired Russian Grad and Katjusha rockets with longer range.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

[85] Israel has responded to the threat by fortifying bus stops and reinforcing school buildings.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

In March 2011, Israel placed the first Iron Dome anti-rocket system in the area.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

By December, missile defense managed to repel 75% of the rockets, according to the IDF.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Normally, two missiles priced at $50,000 were fired at each projection vehicle.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

[86] Palestinian militants in southern Lebanon have been shelling rockets even after the Lebanese War, in which 2009 Hezbollah was estimated to have 30,000 rockets, [87] and from the Sinai Peninsula to Eilat.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Israel has sought to repel rocket attacks with return fire, airstrikes and a variety of large-scale ground operations, as well as the 2007 blockade of Gaza that began in June.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Since withdrawing from Gaza, between 1000 and 2000 Palestinians have been killed in Gaza by Israeli strikes.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

In November 2012, Palestinians fired several rockets into Israel and Israel returned fire by firing rockets into Gaza and killing a senior Hamas leader.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Israel also moved its ground forces closer to Gaza, preparing for a ground offensive.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Limited Water Reserves The main water source on the West Bank side of the 1967 border consumes water in Israeli territory by about 80% and about 20% on the Palestinian Authority side.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

The population of Jewish settlements in the West Bank consumes almost as much water as the region's 2.3 million Palestinians.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Under international law, the use of natural resources in occupied territories for the benefit of one's own citizens is illegal.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

[88] Israel entered into a bilateral agreement with the Palestinian Authority to create the Palestinian Water Authority.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

The Water Administration's proposals include streamlining water use in the region.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

[89] Sharon's Kadima Party wants decision-making power over Palestinian borders The Kadima Party founded by Ariel Sharon and its new chairman and Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert have presented Israel's decisive dispute over the borders of a Palestinian state unilaterally, as there is no negotiation advanced.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

The plan would see Israel withdraw from at least some of the territories it occupied in 1967 but retain some of its West Bank settlements.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Gaza was handed over to the Palestinian Authority in September 2005 by unilateral Israeli decision.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

In the West Bank and Gaza, Palestinians are run by the Palestinian Authority.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

The Palestinian Authority, in the form of the National Council of Palestinians, declared independence as early as 1988.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

The Armed Forces of Israel (or Tzva Hagana L'Yisrael, often also in English Israel Defence Forces) are considered among the strongest in the Middle East.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Israel's defence spending is very high due to the crisis in the Middle East: in 1996, for example, it amounted to 10.6% of the country's GDP and 21.1% of the state budget.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

The United States has given Israel about three billion dollars in development aid each year, of which, for example, in 2001, two billion was military aid.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

[90] Israel, as the first country in the world, included women under universal conscription.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Conscribed in Israel are Jews, Druze, and Cherchesses, while Christians and Muslims are generally exempt from it as Arabs.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

[91] Haredi Jews studying in Yashiva schools have also been exempt, which the more secular Jews have resisted.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Entering the service at the age of 18, the term of service is three years for men and 21 months for women.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

However, women do not have to go into the military if they are married or have a child.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

In 2006, the Israeli Armed Forces recruited 75% of conscripts for military service.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

[92] Conscientious objectors are referred to as refusenik.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

The Refusenik movement grew significantly with the start of the Second Intifada of 2000, when some reservists refused to operate in the Palestinian territories.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

[93] In the 21st century, the proportion of Old Jews in the strength of the army has increased as the attitude of the country's secularised population towards the military has become more critical.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

[94] Israel has an autonomous capability to launch reconnaissance satellites along with Russia, the United States, Great Britain, France, China, India and Japan.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Well-known Israeli weapons include the Uzi submachine gun, the Galil and TAR-21 assault rifles and the Merkava tank, the former being a major export product.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Israel supposedly has nukes.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

By the late 1990s, according to CIA estimates, Israel possessed between 75 and 140 nuclear weapons.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

According to some sources, there were as many as 400 weapons.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

[95] [96] Israel is outside the NPT.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

[97] The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) adopted a 2009 resolution on the inspection of Israel's nuclear weapons.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Israel has refused to cooperate.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

[98] Intelligence Mossad, or “Institute for Intelligence and Special Tasks”, is an Israeli intelligence agency commonly known as Mossad.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Its missions include intelligence gathering, covert operations and counterterrorism.


Question: What is Israel's acreage?

Israel

Mossad is one of the world's most famous intelligence services and is often put in the same league as the CIA and MI6.


Question: What is the area of Israel?

Israel

It is considered highly effective and is considered to have contributed greatly to Israel's stability and security.


Question: What is the area of Israel?

Israel

Israel has other intelligence services, for example the military's Shin Bet.


Question: What is the area of Israel?

Israel

See also Judaism Arab-Israeli conflict Considerations Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Juusola, Hannu| title = Israeli history| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 2005| id = ISBN 951-662-920-2}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Juusola, Hannu & Huuhtanen, Heidi (ed.


Question: What is the area of Israel?

Israel

) | title = Religion and Politics in the Middle East| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 2002| id = ISBN 951-662-849-4}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Day-day, Pasi| title = Israeli-Palestinian conflict| location = Helsinki| publisher = Edita| year = 2004| id = ISBN 951-37-4114-1}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Reime, Hannu| title = Israel/Palestine: Promised Land of Two Peoples| location = Helsinki| publisher = Like: Finnish Peace Defenders | year = 2003| version = Upright ear| id = ISBN 952-471-056-0}} information about Israel's population, location, climate, society and culture in Finnish In several languages, including information about Israel Transclusion error: {{En}} is only for use in File namespace.


Question: What is the area of Israel?

Israel

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: What is the area of Israel?

Israel

* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: What is the largest island in the Porvoo archipelago?

Pelling Excursion

Pelling's expedition is called the excursion of the Whites during the 1918 Finnish Civil War, when 300—400 patrons of Helsinki and Eastern Uusimaa initially withdrew to the Porvoo archipelago and, after a battle with the Reds there, further across the Gulf of Finland to Estonia.


Question: What is the largest island in the Porvoo archipelago?

Pelling Excursion

The Swedish name Pellingekåren, or Pelling Department, the largest island in the Porvoo archipelago has later been used for the group.


Question: What is the largest island in the Porvoo archipelago?

Pelling Excursion

Events After the Civil War broke out, the Reds quickly gained control of almost all of Eastern Uusimaa except for the regions of Sipoo, Porvoo and Loviisa.


Question: What is the largest island in the Porvoo archipelago?

Pelling Excursion

On 5 February, the Reds launched a major offensive with 2,000 men and managed in a couple of days to force the White forces to retreat to Porvoo.


Question: What is the largest island in the Porvoo archipelago?

Pelling Excursion

As the Reds approached the city, Free-Lord Gustav Silfverhjelm, the commander-in-chief of the patrons of Eastern Uusimaa, disbanded his forces.


Question: What is the largest island in the Porvoo archipelago?

Pelling Excursion

A stampede ensued when some of the whites, as well as porpoos who relied on their supporters, began to move towards the archipelago.


Question: What is the largest island in the Porvoo archipelago?

Pelling Excursion

Silfverhjelm and his staffs also left the city.


Question: What is the largest island in the Porvoo archipelago?

Pelling Excursion

[1] After Silfverhjelm, the management was taken over by Jäinö Petrelius, who assembled a detachment of about 400 men from volunteer patrons in Porvoo market square.


Question: What is the largest island in the Porvoo archipelago?

Pelling Excursion

[1] He was the head of the Helsinki Patronage Council, the so-called Green Battalion, which fought in Kerava and Nikkilä.


Question: What is the largest island in the Porvoo archipelago?

Pelling Excursion

[2] In addition to Petrelius' own men, members of the patrons of Mäntsälä and Loviisa were joined in his department.


Question: What is the largest island in the Porvoo archipelago?

Pelling Excursion

The Silfverhjelm staff included the director Mårten Ekblom and the iceman Gunnar Stenbäck, who also procured provisions, weapons and money for the department.


Question: What is the largest island in the Porvoo archipelago?

Pelling Excursion

[1] On 8 February, a detachment led by Petrelius headed towards the outer archipelago of Porvoo.


Question: What is the largest island in the Porvoo archipelago?

Pelling Excursion

Their purpose was to board a ship arriving from Helsinki on the island of Pelling, which, however, could not be reached.


Question: What is the largest island in the Porvoo archipelago?

Pelling Excursion

[1] From the direction of Eagle and Hamina, a Red Guard detachment of 600—800 men arrived in Porvoo, [3] which after a couple of days went in pursuit of the patrons who had withdrawn to the archipelago.


Question: What is the largest island in the Porvoo archipelago?

Pelling Excursion

The Whites had dispersed along the archipelago into a front about four miles wide, against which the Reds were forced to attack along open ice.


Question: What is the largest island in the Porvoo archipelago?

Pelling Excursion

The Patronymen, with their machine guns, managed to repel the Reds attack during a full day of fighting.


Question: What is the largest island in the Porvoo archipelago?

Pelling Excursion

[1] As dusk, the ammunition of the patrons began to run low.


Question: What is the largest island in the Porvoo archipelago?

Pelling Excursion

Since there was still an open sea behind them, the Whites decided to march under cover of darkness past the Red Lines into the inner archipelago.


Question: What is the largest island in the Porvoo archipelago?

Pelling Excursion

Most of the patrons stayed in the archipelago, where, after the sea was finally frozen in March, they were able to escape across the Gulf of Finland to Estonia.


Question: What is the largest island in the Porvoo archipelago?

Pelling Excursion

Some of the whites tended towards Helsinki, but most of them remained prisoners of the Reds.


Question: What is the largest island in the Porvoo archipelago?

Pelling Excursion

[1] Also among them was Petrelius with his three closest men.


Question: What is the largest island in the Porvoo archipelago?

Pelling Excursion

After their capture, they were executed in Helsinki 13.


Question: What is the largest island in the Porvoo archipelago?

Pelling Excursion

on Feb.


Question: What is the largest island in the Porvoo archipelago?

Pelling Excursion

[4] Of the patrons who remained in hiding in the archipelago, about 320 finally managed to escape to Estonia after the sea froze, from where they later moved on to Danzig.


Question: What is the largest island in the Porvoo archipelago?

Pelling Excursion

In early April, Pellingekåren was shipped aboard the German steamer S/S Equity along with the German Baltic Division to Hanko and attached to the Jaeger Battalion commanded by General Wilhelm Thesleff.


Question: What is the largest island in the Porvoo archipelago?

Pelling Excursion

[2] [5] According to the Fallen Finnish War Killings database, six whites fell in Pelling.


Question: What is the largest island in the Porvoo archipelago?

Pelling Excursion

The Red Fallen in Finnish war killings knows only one, but J. O. Hannula, a military historian who was involved in Pelling himself, wrote that they reported 13 fallen.


Question: What is the largest island in the Porvoo archipelago?

Pelling Excursion

[1] Among the patrons killed in Pelling were national team footballer Richard Schybergson and engineer Björn Björnberg.


Question: What is the largest island in the Porvoo archipelago?

Pelling Excursion

Also involved in the battle were journalist Arvi Tapiola, Suursaari Commandant Toivo Ketonen, later known as writer Sulo-Weikko Pekkola, Thorvald Oljemark who emerged as Finland's leading Nazi in the 1930s and later implicated in the assassination of Interior Minister Heikki Ritavuoren Ensign Ivar Ståhle.


Question: What is the largest island in the Porvoo archipelago?

Pelling Excursion

Monument Pelling's excursion monument is located in Liisanpuistikko in the Kruununha district of Helsinki.


Question: What is the largest island in the Porvoo archipelago?

Pelling Excursion

The sculpture, unveiled in 1921, was made by sculptors Gunnar Finne and Armas Lindgren.


Question: What is the largest island in the Porvoo archipelago?

Pelling Excursion

The monument is inscribed with the names of 51 whites.


Question: What is the largest island in the Porvoo archipelago?

Pelling Excursion

[6] Sources Literature Helsingius, Torsten: Pellingekåren.


Question: What is the largest island in the Porvoo archipelago?

Pelling Excursion

Schildts, Helsingfors, 1918.


Question: What is the largest island in the Porvoo archipelago?

Pelling Excursion

Helsingius, Torsten: Pellingekåren: porträttalbum.


Question: What is the largest island in the Porvoo archipelago?

Pelling Excursion

Schildts, Helsingfors, 1919.


Question: What is the largest island in the Porvoo archipelago?

Pelling Excursion

Category:Finnish Civil War Battles Class:History of Porvoo


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

Sauli Väinämö Niinistö (born 24 August 1948 in Salo) is the 12th President of the Republic of Finland.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

He took office on March 1, 2012.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

He was re-elected president in 2018.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

Niinistö worked as a jurist in the city council of OitisSalo 1977—1992, MP in 1987—2003 and 2007—2011 and President of the National Coalition 1994—2001.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

He was involved in Paavo Lipponen's first and second governments, first as Minister of Justice 1995—1996 and later as Minister of Finance 1996—2003.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

During his latter tenure, Niinistö was known for his tight financial discipline and his work on the austerity and cutbacks after the recession of the 1990s.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

During Niinistö's ministerial terms, Finland became a member of the European Economic and Monetary Union and the euro was introduced.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

After a ministerial career, he went on to become Deputy President of the European Investment Bank from 2003 to 2007.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

From 2007 to 2011, Niinistö was the Speaker of the Parliament.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

During his political career, Niinistö has enjoyed widespread popular popularity across party lines.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

Niinistö stood as President of the Coalition in the 2006 presidential election and again in the 2012 election, where he was elected President of the Republic in the second round.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

He became the first Coalition President since Juho Kusti Paasikivi.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

In the 2018 election, Niinistö was nominated through the Electors Association and won the election in the first round with a vote of over 60%.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

In doing so, he also became the first President of the Republic of Finland to be elected by direct popular election to office already in the first round.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

Career as a Jurist Niinistö graduated as a matriculation from the Salo Joint Lyceum in 1967, a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Turku in 1974 and received the rank of deputy judge in 1977.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

In 1974—1975 he served as titular man of Kisko District.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[1] He was the Court of Appeal Visual of the Turku Court of Appeal from 1976 to 1987 and appointed Counsellor of Appeal in 1994.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

In addition, he ran his own law office in Salo from 1978 to 1988.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[2] Municipal politics Niinistö started his political career by standing for election in the 1976 municipal elections in Salo.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

He was elected to the Salo City Council and City Board.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

On the city board he was continuously until 1988, after which he continued as City Council President from 1989 to 1992.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

In 1992, he missed out on the city council.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[2] Parliament work Niinistö entered Parliament on his third attempt in the 1987 parliamentary elections.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

Coalition MP Ilkka Kanerva has said he had strongly doubted the newcomer and thought he was a “typical one-term MP.”


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

Niinistö, however, strengthened his position in the Coalition Group in connection with the Holker government's tax reform and cooperated with Kari Häkämies.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[3] As recent MPs, Niinistö and Häkämies and Heikki A. Ollila formed a triad called Tupu, Hupu and Lupu; sometimes the triad included Anssi Rauramo instead of Ollila.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

The men's workhouses were in the same corridor in Parliament and they sat on the same committees.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[4] In the 1991 elections, Niinistö was elected to a second term.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

From 1993 to 1995, he served as Chairman of the Constitutional Committee.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[2] In 1993, Niinistö was elected president of the National Coalition Association of Southwest Finland.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

The following year he became president of the Coalition, a position he continued until 2001.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[2] In the 1995 parliamentary election, Niinistö received 18946 votes in the southern constituency of Turku County, which was the highest personal number of votes in the election.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[5] He first rose to become Minister of Justice in Lipponen's first government, but took over the following year to replace Iiro Viinanen as Minister of Finance.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

As finance minister, Niinistö had to bear responsibility for the recession of the 1990s and subsequent austerity and cuts.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

He became known for his harsh austerity line in state finances.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[6] Niinistö was Finland's longest-serving finance minister.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[7] During his term, Finland, among other things, became a member of the European Economic and Monetary Union in January 1999.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

Moreover, by the end of his term, the share of national debt in gross domestic product had fallen from just under 70 per cent at the peak to just over 40 per cent; the net amount of debt, though, remained virtually unchanged.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[1] In the parliamentary elections of 1999, Niinistö stood as a candidate in the Helsinki constituency.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

He received 30450 votes and became the vote-king of the election for a second time.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[8] Niinistö was Minister of Finance until 2003, when he stayed out of Parliament and became Deputy President of the European Investment Bank.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[3] Niinistö returned to Parliament in the 2007 elections.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

He received 60563 votes, [9] the most in the history of parliamentary elections.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

He was elected Speaker of the Parliament for the 2007—2011 legislature.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[2] In 2010, in the election of President, Niinistö received an extension by just 89 votes.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

Several MPs criticised Mr Niinistö's precise spending discipline and the fact that he had not defended Parliament in public.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

The then defence minister, Jyri Häkämies, even put forward a motion to abandon the closed ticket ballot.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[10] [11] For example, Kimmo Kiljunen and Sinikka Hurskainen criticised Niinistö for how MPs had to travel second class and stay in low-cost hotels.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

They felt these practices made them a laughing stock among foreign counterparts.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[12] Due to the poor result, Niinistö considered resigning from the position of Speaker, but ultimately decided to extend to the end of his term.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[13] To criticism from MPs, he replied that only those who set an example with their own frugality can plausibly oblige others to the same.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[14] Other trust actions In 1979—1981, Niinistö served as a member of the Coalition Party Council and from 1993 to 1994 as a member of the Coalition Party Board.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

In the 1988 presidential election, Niinistö served as an elector.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[1] In August 2009, Niinistö announced that he would apply to become the new President of the Finnish Ball Association.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[15] He was elected president on 8 November 2009 [16], but the three-year term was interrupted when Niinistö was elected president.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[17] Niinistö was President of the European Democratic Union (EDU) 1998—2002.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

He played a key role in merging the EDU and EPP, and was appointed honorary president of the European People's Party (EPP) in 2003.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[18] At the turn of the millennium, Niinistö was involved in various banking councils, including as a member of the supervisory board of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) 1999—2003 and as a member of the International Monetary Fund's Monetary and Financial Committee (IMFC) 2000—2001.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[18] At the IMFC, Niinistö represented the Nordic countries and the Baltic region.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[19] Niinistö also serves on the board of the Tukukummit Foundation.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[20] Presidential candidacies In the 2006 presidential election Niinistö was asked to be a candidate in the 2000 presidential elections, but he refused, citing family reasons, saying that he was a single parent and a “semi-independent widower”.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

Riitta Uosukainen was elected as the Coalition's presidential candidate.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[21] However, in March 2005, Niinistö agreed to be the Coalition's candidate for the 2006 presidential election, and officially he was nominated as a presidential candidate on 12 November 2005.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

His election theme was the provocative “Labour President”, and the campaign also used the slogan “The time for confrontation is over”, which meant the confrontation between work and capital and workers and employers.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[22] [23] [24] In the first round, Niinistö received 24.1% of the total votes and qualified as a challenger to Tarja Halonen with 46,3% in the second round.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

The centrist Matti Vanhanen, who came third in the elections, announced his support for Sauli Niinistö in the second round.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[25] Henrik Lax of the RKP, Bjarne Kallis of the Christian Democrats and Arto Lahti of the Electors' Association also declared their support for Niinistö.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[26] In the second round, Niinistö received 48.2% of the votes and Tarja Halonen was elected president.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

Niinistö received 46.1% of the advance votes, but on election day he received 1100 more votes than Halonen.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

After the loss, Niinistö announced that he would return to the European Investment Bank.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[26] On June 28, 2011, Niinistö announced that he would run for the Coalition's candidate in the 2012 presidential election.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[27] The candidacy was confirmed at the Extraordinary Party Conference of the Coalition on October 22, 2011.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[28] According to an opinion poll published by Ilta-Sanomat on the same day, Niinistö had said that 58% of respondents could vote.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[28] Niinistö received the highest number of votes in the first round, 37% of the votes.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

In the second round, he was up against Pekka Haavisto of the Greens.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

Niinistö was elected the 12th President of Finland with 62.6% support, which was the largest second round endorsement during the direct Finnish popular election.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[29] In 2011, Iltalehti estimated that Niinistö had been preparing his candidacy methodically for years by distancing himself from his party.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

As recently as 2009, the Election in Public Democracy survey counted Niinistö among the ten most right-wing MPs in the then parliament.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

The editorial in the Evening newspaper estimated that his methodical openings to the left include speeches on economic and European policy that diverged from Jyrki Katainen's line as well as lowering his profile on the NATO issue.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

In the past, Niinistö's public image has been coloured by the strict role of finance minister and acting as one of the main architects of accession to the euro.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[30] In the 2018 presidential election, Niinistö announced at the end of May 2017 that he would run for president in the 2018 election through the Electors Association.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[31] The Coalition announced its support for Niinistö and would also nominate him as its own candidate by the autumn.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[32] On 19 August 2017, the Christian Democrats also stood behind Niinistö.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[33] Maria Lohela also supported the continuation of Niinistö's term, [34] [35] and Simon Elo, the leader of the Sininen parliamentary group, signed Niinistö's supporter card, but stated that it was “a statement in favour of the candidacy, not a position on who I support”.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[36] Supporter cards for Niinistö's Suomi 2024 campaign association accrued 156000, [37] when the minimum number for adoption was 20000.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

In the first election held on 28 January 2018, Niinistö received 62.7% of the votes and was therefore already elected in the first election.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

His big endorsement had already manifested itself in the polls before that.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

According to the Helsingin Sanomat Gallup, among other things, Niinistö would have received 68% of the votes if the elections had been held in September 2017.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

At the height of his Gallup popularity, Niinistö was more popular among all the members of the major parties than the party's own candidate.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[38] According to the November 2017 Yle poll, Niinistö would receive 80% of the votes, Haavisto 10% and Huhtasaari 4%.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[39] On the day after election day, Monday 29 January, Russian President Vladimir Putin congratulated Niinistö on his election victory.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

Putin's congratulatory message noted Niinistö's great support and Niinistö's role in the constructive development of relations between Finland and Russia.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[40] First term 2012—2018 Niinistö took office as President of the Republic in Parliament on 1 March 2012.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

In his inaugural address, he stressed his concerns about youth exclusion and promised to gather experts to consider how best to combine a young person's own sense of responsibility, parental responsibility and outside help.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

He also stated that Finland should recognise international competition settings and said that he intends to develop Finland's relations with China and other emerging economies.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

At the end of his speech, Niinistö said that he respects Finnish work and work ethic.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[41] Niinistö gave his first official briefing as President on 5 March 2012.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

He congratulated Vladimir Putin on winning Russia's presidential election, but at the same time raised concerns about electoral fraud.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[42] In the first telephone conversation between Niinistö and Putin, Russia's election fraud arose.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

Putin assured that any electoral ambiguity would be carefully investigated and invited Niinistö to visit Russia.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[43] Niinistö's first trip abroad was to South Korea at the end of March, where he participated in an international summit on nuclear security.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

Before the meeting, he met with U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[44] Niinistö's first official state visit was traditionally to Sweden, where he met Charles XVI Gustaf and his family.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[45] In June 2012, the commander of the Russian armed forces, General Nikolai Makarov, who visited Finland, stated that Finland's NATO membership would pose a threat to Russia's security.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

According to Makarov, Finland should intensify its military cooperation with NATO rather than Russia.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[46] The opinion caused a wide stir in Finland.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

Niinistö raised the issue during a meeting with Makarov and stated that he should have become more familiar with Finland's NATO position.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[47] In connection with Niinistö's visit to Russia, the presidents did not discuss the matter, but when asked at the briefing, Putin confirmed that he was on the same lines with Makarov.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[48] In January 2013, Niinistö proposed a reduction in the president's remuneration to March 2006 levels.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

The performance was a continuation of Niinistö's New Year's speech, in which he reproached business leaders for greed and maximizing self-interest.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[49] The opening of Niinistö started a public debate on a general reduction in wages, but Niinistö himself denied that he was pushing for the wage industry.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[50] Parliament adopted Niinistö's initiative unanimously.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[51] Since the Presidential Palace was being renovated, Niinistö chose Tampere House in Tampere as the venue for the 2013 Independence Day reception.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

At the same time, the presidential couple overhauled the traditional program by replacing the prom with a concert, as well as cutting back on food serving.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[52] Second term 2018— Niinistö took office on 1 February 2018.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

In his inaugural address, he raised the fight against climate change as the most important issue of the next few years.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[53] According to a citizen survey conducted in January 2018 by the Foundation for the Development of the Municipal Sector, Niinistö is one of the presidents most respected by Finns along with Urho Kekkonen and Mauno Koivisto.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

There were 1016 interviewees, and the margin of error for the results peaked at three percentage points in their direction.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[54] Niinistö hosted the Helsinki Summit on 16 July 2018 when US President Donald Trump and Russian President Vladimir Putin arrived in Finland.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[55] Crisis in Eastern Ukraine President Niinistö's most significant foreign policy activity so far was his visit to Russia and Ukraine on 15—16.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

August 2014.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

Despite the warnings, he met Russian President Vladimir Putin in Sochi and the next day Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko in Kiev.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

A key purpose of the visit was to support the organisation of a summit on Ukraine's future.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[56] As a result of the visit, Niinistö stated that he is not a major peacemaker in the situation in Ukraine because the possible peace process is just beginning, but maintaining dialogue is the most important thing in maintaining peace.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

The most important goal of all, he considered the prevention of an open war requiring human casualties.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

He also considered that the background to the conflict and the key to the solution was the coordination of the integration agreement with the EU envisaged by the Ukrainian state and the customs union with Russia.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

According to him, Finland still has more to contribute here, even if the country is allied to the EU.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[57] After the meetings, Niinistö discussed the crisis in Ukraine by telephone with José Manuel Barroso, Herman Van Rompuy and Nursultan Nazarbayev who attended the summit.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[58] Governments appointed by Niinistö Prime MinisterAlexander Stubb2014—2015StubbJuha Sipilä2015—Sipilä Political views Niinistö has described his world of ideas with the word burgher.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

In an interview in 2005, Niinistö said that he linked the word to the political right, justice and individualism inviolating the rights of others.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[59] In 1991, during a full session of Parliament, Niinistö criticised the transformation of intramarital rape into a general charge.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

In his speech to Parliament, Niinistö said: “I think that each of us has sometimes been knocked out in some way and suddenly realised a few days later that it wasn't quite so bad, I would like to forgive me for the evil that was inflicted upon me.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

“[60] This statement created a stir in the context of the 2012 presidential election.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

In connection with the presidential election 2012, Niinistö announced at the Helsingin Sanomat election machine that he wanted to abolish the president's right to pardon prisoners.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

He has followed that line during the presidency as well, pardoning only one prisoner in his first year as president.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[61] Niinistö mentioned that he supported the study of a second domestic language and his opposition to same-sex marriage, although he supported the right of same-sex couples to a common surname and adoptions.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[62] He has said that he supports euthanasia, but requires precise provisions for this.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[63] At the time of the election 2012, Niinistö did not consider the question of Finland's membership in NATO.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[62] Niinistö believes that Finland should move forward in European defence cooperation as far as NATO allows.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

Possible NATO accession must be resolved by referendum.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[64] [65] After ascending to the presidency, Niinistö stated that he did not see the need to address the issue of NATO membership during his tenure and said he supported further development of the EU's common defence policy.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[63] In December 2017, Niinistö stated that Finland should not apply for NATO membership under the prevailing circumstances.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

According to Niinistö, Finland as a member of NATO would miss the opportunity to stay outside the crisis.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

However, Niinistö speculates that in the face of crises between Russia and the EU, Finland should think very seriously about membership.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[66] In his economic statements, Niinistö has emphasized thrift, work and enterprise.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[59] [67] He would like to extend careers, inter alia, by reducing study hours and favouring part-time work for people of retirement age.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[68] In the Finnish Broadcasting Election Exam 2012, Niinistö called for a tightening of penalties for illegal strikes, which provoked resistance in trade union movements.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[69] She has also said she opposes a child's right to daycare if one of the parents is at home.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[70] Niinistö would be willing to give up the right to pardon the president.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[71] Private life Suku Niinistö's parents are circulation manager Väinö Niinistö and nurse Hilkka Niinistö (d. 5 December 2014).


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[2] She has three older siblings: her brother Kari Niinistö is an educationist and professor emeritus of education, [72], one of the sisters is secretary of the Local Government Association and the third is a restaurant entrepreneur.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

Niinistö's nephew, Ville Niinistö, is an MP and chaired the Greens.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[73] Niinistö's godfather was Fjalar Nordell, founder of Salora.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[74] Family life Niinistö's first spouse was Marja-Leena Niinistö (o.s. Alanko).


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

They married in 1974 and have two sons (Nuutti, born 1975 and Matias, b.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[2] Marja-Leena Niinistö died in a road accident in January 1995.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[75] Niinistö wrote about the period after his wife's death in his book Five Years of Solitude.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

Niinistö dated Tanja Karpela, a centrist MP who served as Culture Minister, for a few years.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

They became engaged in late 2003, [76] but the engagement dissolved the following year.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[77] In 2004, Niinistö and his son survived a tsunami caused by an earthquake in the Indian Ocean.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[78] Niinistö's current spouse is Jenni Haukio (born 1977), who served as the Coalition's Communications Manager.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

Niinistö and Haukio were consecrated on 3 January 2009 in Reposaari Church.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

They had already been dating for about two years but kept their relationship a secret from the media until their wedding day.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[79] They have one son in common (Aaro, p.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[80] [81] Niinistö is roller skating in his spare time, and he tries to skate in different places during his trips abroad.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[82] He has referred to his hobby, among other things, in his election campaign.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[83] Charity In 2007, Niinistö donated the copyright fees for his work on History of the Silent to the Church's Diacon Fund.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[84] In the same year he founded the Tukukummit Foundation with Hjallis Harkimo.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[85] At the end of his last term as MP, Niinistö donated his MP's fee, i.e. more than EUR 120,000 in total, to charity.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[86] At the time of campaigning for the 2012 presidential elections, Heikki Hursti joined Niinistö's supporters and said that he appreciated Niinistö's work for the marginalized.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

Niinistö has worked for Hurst's aid organisation and supported the organisation's work with commissions for his columns.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[87] Religion Sauli Niinistö belongs to the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Finland.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

[88] Confessions Grand Cross of the Order of the White Rose of Finland with chains (2012) Grand Cross of the Order of Liberty (2012) Grand Cross of the Order of the Lion of Finland (2012) Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Seraphime Sweden with chain (2012 /chain 2014) Grand Cross of the Order of St. Olav of Norway (2012) Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Danish Elephant (2013) Grand Cross of the Order of the Falcon of Iceland (2013) [90] Grand Cross of the Order of Lithuania Vytautas the Great with a Golden Chain (2013) 1st Class Cross (Grand Cross) of the Order of the Marianmaa of Estonia (2014) Tapaseura ry of the Year Behavior Commendation (2009) [91] Silver Medal of the 175th anniversary of the Finnish Science Society for special work for the Society (2013) [92] Golden Medal of Merit of the Finnish Reserve Officers' Union (2015) [93] Honorary Doctorate of Administrative Sciences — Tampere University 2010 [18] Honorary Doctor of Laws — University of Turku 2011 [18] Honorary Doctor of Laws — University of Budapest, Hungary 2012 [18] Honorary Doctor of Sport Sciences — University of Jyväskylä 2013 [18] Honorary Doctor of Veterinary Medicine — University of Helsinki 2015 [18] Honorary Doctor of Business Administration — Aalto- University School of Economics 2016 [18] Honorary Doctor of Laws — University of Helsinki 2017 [18] Honorary Doctor of Military Sciences — National Defence School 2018 [94] Works Books Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Five years of solitude | location = Helsinki| publisher = Works| year = 2005| isbn = 978-951-8-51040-9}} [95] Citation error, replace with {{cite book| title = Silent history| location = Helsinki| publisher = Works| year = 2007| isbn = 978-951-8-51132-1}} [96] Articles “Common currency: the beginning or main of European cooperation a point?” , From the Margin to the Core: Finland in the European Union 1989—2003.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

Edited by Alexander Stubb.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

Jan., 2006.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

ISBN 951-31-2961-6 [18] Sources Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Mörttinen, Matti| title = Sauli Niinistö: Lord of Mäntyniemi | location = Helsinki| publisher = Into| year= 2018| isbn = 978-952-264-942-3}} Citation error, replace with {cite book| author = Nevalainen, Petri| title = Title Curls: Sauli Niinistö Personal Photo| location = Helsinki| publisher = Thought | year = 2010| isbn = 978-951-20-8105-9}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Tikka, Juha-Pekka| title = 130 days: Sauli Niinistö campaign story| location = Helsinki| publisher = National cost| year = 2012| isbn = 978-952-93-0438-7}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Uimonen, Risto| title = Semi-independent president: Sauli Niinistö long kiri Mäntyniemeen| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| 2011-year = 2| isbn = 978-951-0-39350-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Uimonen, Risto| title = Sauli Niinistö: President of the Republic| location = Helsinki| publisher = WSOY| year = 2018| isbn = 978-951-0-43482-6}} Tuomo Yli-Huttula: President and bourgeois from.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

Otava 2018 ISBN 978-951-1-32647-2 On the topic elsewhere Acting, Marjaana: Image 9-10/2002.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

(The president signs his own messages with an SN tree sign).


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

Yle Living Archive.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

(lecture recording).


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

the President's writing on the pages of the Presidential Office.


Question: What year did Sauli Niinistö marry Jenni Haukio?

Sauli Niinistö

* Category:People born in 1948 Class:Living Persons Category:Key articles of screening Category:99.3 Representatives of social life


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

Confucianism (, Rúxué) or Confucianism is a moral and social doctrine born in China that developed under the Chinese philosopher Confucius (551—479 BCE)


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

on teachings.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

Confucianism draws on institutions and long-standing Chinese practice long held sway in China, with factors such as the family system and its associated ancestral cult.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

[1] The main virtues of Confucianism are humanity, justice, good manners, loyalty and wisdom.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

Reciprocity such as respect for the upper ones and protection of the lower ones is important.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

The fundamental principle of Confucianism is to improve and increase well-being in society through noble behavior, moving first from the family to the city, then to society, and later to the whole world.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

This is pursued by virtuous living.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

Confucianism does not have its own concept of god, but it is still often classified as a religion in the Western world.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

The most central texts of Confucianism are the Five Classics and the Four Books.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

History Confucius Confucianism was founded by Confucius (551—479 BCE), a political teacher who lived during the Zhou dynasty.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

During the Spring and Autumn period during Confucius's lifetime, China had several kingdoms fighting each other.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

The great changes of the time led many thinkers to reflect on societal problems.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

The period is referred to as the Age of Struggling States and hundreds of philosophers.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

[2] Confucius was dissatisfied with the morals of his time and tried to revive the world of values which he believed had prevailed in the ancient golden ages.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

Having developed his doctrine, he toured from state to state, looking for a ruler who would welcome it.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

After failing to find a favourable prince, he returned to his native region of Lu State and devoted himself to teaching work.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

[3] The official doctrine of the state after Confucius in the 300th and 200th century BCE.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

Confucianism was developed by philosophers Mengzi and Xunzi.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

At that time, Confucianism was not yet in power but competed for it with several other schools.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

China's first emperor, Qin Shi Huangdi, advocated the doctrines of one rival of Confucianism, the School of Law, and harshly persecuted the Confucians.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

However, the Han dynasty that succeeded him elevated Confucianism above all other schools and gave it official status as the basis of China's educational system.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

[4] Confucianism experienced a temporary period of decline from the collapse of the Han dynasty in the 200th century Jaa.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

in the political chaos that followed.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

Buddhism and Taoism, which emerged as rivals, were able to give human life a spiritual dimension, something Confucianism lacked.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

[4] As a rule, the official status of Confucianism did not lead to the suppression of other religions and persecution of their representatives.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

[2] After 845, however, the Confucians persuaded the Chinese regime to persecute Buddhists and representatives of other foreign religions.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

[5] From the 6th to the 13th century, several reform movements emerged in Confucianism.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

Neo-Confucianism, systematized by Zhu Xi in the 12th century, was adopted by the state as a doctrine, and the doctrine of its status maintained until the 20th century.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

[6] Loss of status Confucianism lost its status as the official doctrine of the state following the overthrow of emperor power in China in 1912.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

In the early days of the Republic of China, there were attempts to incorporate Confucianism into the constitution as the official ideology of the state.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

However, this was protested by young intellectuals and communists alike as an obstacle to reforming the country.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

[7] The communists who ruled the People's Republic of China, founded in 1949, actively attacked Confucian values, while criticizing Confucianism as a reactionary force that hindered the development of society.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

During Mao Zedong's reign, Confucianism was banned and many temples practicing it were closed in China.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

Confucianism contained ideas that Mao did not like.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

After Mao's death, interest began to grow again and temples closed during Mao's reign were opened for use again.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

Recently, the power-holding communist leadership has again begun to take a tolerant view of Confucianism, being closely associated with the Chinese family system and stressing the importance of discipline and order in society.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

[7] Schoolchildren in China are taught about the classics of Confucianism, however, from which sections dealing with imperial institutions have been omitted.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

[8] Today, Confucianism has about 198 million adherents, including 6 to 8 million outside China.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

[2] The content of the doctrine as the main virtues of Confucianism have been read as the “five constants” since the Han period: humanity (can also be understood, depending on the source, as nearness, brotherhood, or respectability), justice, good manners (can also be translated as as respect or decency of customs of tradition), loyalty and wisdom.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

[9] The essence of Confucianism is that the upper (emperor, prince, man, parent) should protect the lower, and the lower (subject, woman, younger) should respect the upper.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

Five relationships are important in Confucianism.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

[2] They all include their own reciprocal virtues: the benevolence of the ruler and the loyalty of the subjects.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

The goodness of the father and the parental love of the son.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

The righteousness of the husband and the obedience of the wife.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

The nobility of the older brother and the humility of the younger brother.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

Caring for an older friend and respect for a younger friend.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

Confucius's ideal was a “noble man” (junzi, “gentleman”) who embodies moral virtues in all his actions, as well as being calm and always peaceful.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

His best virtue, the sum of all virtues, is humanity, that is, benevolence or humanism.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

It is closely related to reciprocity.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

The opposite of a noble man is the “little man” (xiaoren), who is poor in morals, forms cuppies, and is nervous and restless.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

[10] According to Confucianism, everything that exists interacts with something else.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

Because of this, a man must strive to ennoble his character so that he can benefit his state and at the same time other people.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

According to Confucius, righteousness is the correct procedure in all situations.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

Its counterpoint is the pursuit of benefit.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

[2] The fundamental principle of Confucianism is to improve and increase well-being in society through noble behavior, moving first from the family to the city then to society and later to the whole world.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

This is pursued by virtuous living.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

According to the conception of Confucianism, people are only able to realize the best aspects of their humanity among other people.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

From Buddhism and Taoism that influenced Confucianism, it was combined at the beginning of the second millennium by jin and jang thinking and the principle of five elements (water, fire, wood, metal, and earth).


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

Zhu Xi added two elements to Confucianism his doctrine that all aspects of life are produced by li, the rational printer, and qi, a changing vital force.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

[11] As a social doctrine, Confucianism has profoundly influenced the structure of Chinese society and its values.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

Confucians thought of Chinese society as a family-like system in which the ruler was revered as the father of his subjects.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

Confucianism has also been inherited from the People's Republic's idea that the individual should serve society sacrifically and dutifully.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

Confucianism has also emphasized law-abiding and good treatment of the elderly and peasants, who remain prized virtues.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

[12] Key texts The main texts of Confucianism are the Five Classics, Conversations and the Four Books.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

[13] Gods and spirits in China were worshipped during Confucius as deities “Heaven” (, tian).


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

It ultimately determined the fate of all living things in the universe, and all human institutions had been established in its name.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

The monarch in power always enjoyed the “Mandate of Heaven”, that is, the power of the monarch.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

Also, Confucius revered Heaven and did not deny the existence of spirits.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

However, he was mainly interested in morality and the human community, and he wanted to divert people's attention away from supernatural things.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

[14] Confucius popularly tasted ancestral worship, which before him was practiced only in court circles.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

He felt it was of great importance as a guarantor of family continuity.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

[15] Some began worshiping Confucius himself as a god in the first century BCE, and there are several temples consecrated to Confucius in China.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

[16] Ranking Confucianism by State Most Confucians in relation to the total population of the country 33-80% [17] 30% [18] 28% [19] 13.9% [20] 8,5% [21] 2.6% [22] 0.2-1% [23] Sources Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Ketola, Kimmo, etc.| title = Eden 7.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

World religions| location = Helsinki| publisher = Edita| year = 2003| isbn = 951-37-3683-0}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Confucius| title = Master Kong Conversations.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

The core essence of Confucianism| location = Helsinki| publisher = Gaudeamus| year = 2014| version = (Lúnyə, circa 475—221 BC)


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

Author Jyrki Kallio| isbn = 978-952-495-337-5}} Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Littleton, C. Scott (ed.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

) | title = Religions of the East.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, Shintois| location = Jyväskylä Helsinki| publisher = Gummerus| year = 1997| version = (Eastern Wisdom, 1995.)


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

Translated by Hannes Virrankoski | isbn = 951-20-5130-3}} References Literature Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Huotari, Tauno-Olavi & Seppälä, Pertti| title = Chinese culture| location = Helsinki | publisher = Otava| year = 2005| version = 5th revised edition (1. edition 1990) | isbn = 951-1-15943-7}} Kallio, Jyrki: Confucianism in a coconut shell.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

China in words and pictures 2/2017, p. 12—20. (PDF) Citation error, replace with {{cite book| author = Smart, Ninian| title = World of Religions | location = Helsing| publisher = Otava| year = 2005| version = (The World's Religions, 1989/1998.)


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

Translated by Livia Hekanaho and others | isbn = 951-1-18137-8}} On the topic elsewhere Religions theme page.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

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Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

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Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

Use {{lang-en}} or {{en icon}} instead.


Question: How do you define an intellectual?

Confucianism

* Category:Key articles of screening


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

Neo-Platonism is a philosophical school that emerged in the 200th century from the confluence of various tendencies in Greek philosophy, mainly Platonism and Aristotelism.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

The era was characterized by the search for and perceiving one truth.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

Therefore, various philosophical ideas were sought to harmonize.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

For example, Plato's teachings were interpreted in a very new way by the Neo-Platonics.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

Neo-Platonism has significantly influenced both the philosophical positions of Christianity and the self-understanding of medieval and modern philosophy as a whole, and on the philosophy of modern natural science, especially mathematics.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

Ancient Neo-Platonism Neo-Platonism emerged in an era when the philosophical lifestyle of the four major philosophical schools, Platonism, Aristotelism, Stoicism, and Epicuroism, was widely taught in the Roman Empire.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

Neo-Platonism evolved from Middle Platonism and its goal was to harmonize all philosophical knowledge into one Truth.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

The Alexandrian Ammonios Sakka is considered to be the originator of Neo-Platonism, and its most prominent representative and actual doctrinal father from Plotino, who said he had received his doctrine from Ammonios.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

Notable later Neo-Platonics included Porphyrios, Proklos, Iamblikhos, Hypatia, as well as Damascus, who was the last teacher of Neo-Platonism in Athens.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

Plato's Academy had been ruined throughout Middle Platonism and was reopened for Neo-Platonism, with Neo-Platonics serving as the head of the school in its final years.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

The Athenian School of Philosophy was closed and the teaching of philosophy was banned in 529.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

In this case, only seven philosophers served in the school as a teacher.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

These were Damascus, Simplikios, Eulalios, Pristianos, Isidoros, Hermias and Diogenes.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

They preferred to opt for exile rather than give up freedom of thought.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

In 531 or 532, they found refuge at the court of Khosrau I, King of Persia.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

The reception they received was warm, but they soon realised that it was impossible for them to live among the “barbarians”.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

In two years they went back to Greece.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

Khosrau had then concluded a peace treaty with Emperor Justinian in 533, and its terms included that philosophers be allowed to return to their homes and continue to live while enjoying freedom of thought.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

Philosophy Neo-Platonism was based on the ideas of Plato, Aristotle and other philosophical schools of antiquity, but as there were efforts to harmonize philosophical ideas, it contained so many original interpretations of Plato's doctrines that Neo-Platonism was significantly in philosophy different from what Plato wrote and believed.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

Neo-Platonians often liked to say they practiced philosophy that Plato had previously taught.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

The prefix neo- (Greek neo-) was attached to the beginning of the name of the school by modern scholars who wanted to draw a distinction between the two philosophies.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

However, the Neo-Platonians of antiquity considered themselves Platonians.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

Neo-Platonism can therefore be seen as representing a natural continuum of Platonism from old Platonism and Middle Platonism, rather than a radically born new branch.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

Already Middle Platonism contained many of the emphases that Neo-Platonism actually made known.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

Neo-Platonism, like Middle Platonism, was influenced by aristotelism and stoicism.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

These influences led to increased dogmatism.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

Plotinos also made use of aristotle and stoic concepts in his philosophy.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

Neo-Platonism is a form of idealistic monism.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

Plotinos explains his philosophy in his main work on the Enneads, which was compiled by his student Porfyrios.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

He taught that there is an indescribable Unity, from which the whole rest of the universe originated as a number of different lesser entities through emanations, or a kind of flow.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

Later Neo-Platonian philosophers, especially Iamblikhos, added hundreds of different mediating deities between Oneness and Humanity.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

However, Plotinos's original design was much simpler.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

His reality levels, or hypostases, were unity (hen), understanding (nous), soul (psychhe), sense world (aistheta), and matter (hyle).


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

(Admittedly, strictly speaking, the substance isn't hypostase, but “the mirror upon which the upper hypostases are reflected”.)


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

All phenomena in the sensory world and everything material were a reflection of the first three levels of reality.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

Neo-Platonians believed that human perfection and happiness are attainable in this world, without the need to wait for an afterlife.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

Perfection and happiness, seen as synonymous, could be achieved through philosophical contemplation.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

In this case, the philosopher was able to elevate (or move towards the center of the hypostase hierarchy) through hypostases towards Oneness, release from materiality, and move to the level of pure reason.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

The final stage of the philosopher's development, which not everyone was capable of achieving, was the mystical unification with Oneness.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

Neo-Platonians didn't believe in the independent existence of evil.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

They compared it to darkness, which does not exist in itself but only in the absence of light.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

Likewise, evil was simply the absence of good.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

Things are good as long as they exist.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

They are only bad insofar as they are imperfect and lack something good that should be in them.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

One of the core doctrines of neo-Platonism also includes the idea that all people go back to where they come from.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

The source, the absolute, or One, is where everything has originated and flowed, and where everyone comes to return.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

It can be said that all consciousness will be wiped blank and returned to empty space when returning to the source.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

Philosophers Greeks Ammonios Sakkas (ca.


Question: Who was the doctrinal father of neo-Platonism?

Neo-Platonism

175—242) Plotinos (ca.