17. 4. 93 No L 93/37 - Official Journal of the European Communities COMMISSION DIRECTIVE 93/11/EEC of 15 March 1993 concerning the release of the N-nitrosamines and N-nitrosatable substances from elastomer or rubber teats and soothers THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, Having regard to Council Directive 89/109/EEC of 21 December. 1988 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs ('), and in particular Article 3 thereof, Whereas the Community measures envisaged by this Directive are not only necessary but also indispensable for the attainment of the objectives of the internal market; whereas these objectives cannot be achieved by Member States individually ; whereas furthermore their attainment at Community level is already provided for by Directive 89/109/EEC; Whereas it has been shown that teats and soothers, made of elastomer or rubber, may release N-nitrosamines and substances  capable of being converted into N-nitrosamines (N-nitrosatable substances); ‘ Whereas the Scientific Committee for Food has given the opinion that N-nitrosamines and N-nitrosatable substances may endanger human health owing to their toxicity and has therefore recommended that migration of “these substances from the abovementioned articles be kept below the detection limit of an appropriate sensitive method ; _ Whereas Article 2 of Directive 89/109/EEC lays down that materials and articles, in their finished state, must not transfer- their. constituents to foodstuffs in quantities which could endanger human health ; Whereas, in order to achieve this objective, the suitable instrument for teats is a specific directive within the meaning of Article 3 of Directive 89/109/EEC; Whereas the use of soothers may produce the same type of risk and therefore it is convenient to adopt the same provisions for these articles too; Whereas it is necessary to act immediately and therefore this Directive is limited to establishing specific rules . regarding the release ,of N-nitrosamines and N-nitrosatable substances from elastomer or rubber teats and soothers, postponing to a more general directive regarding elastomers and rubber the solution of other problems concerning teats and soothers ; () OJ No L 40, 11. 2. 1989, p. 38. Whereas this Directive establishes the basic rules and general criteria for determining the release of N-nitrosamines and N-nitrosatable substances and post- pones the definition of a detailed method of analysis; - Whereas the outline method of analysis given in the Annexes is adopted as a temporary measure until more results are available on the performance of this method and possible alternative methods ; Whereas the Commission has undertaken to promote further research on methods of analysis, to review the proposed methodology and to consider establishing analy- tical tolerances in the light of that research; Whereas the measures provided for. in this Directive are in accordance with the opinion of the Standing Committee on Foodstuffs, HAS ADOPTED THIS DIRECTIVE : Article 1 This Directive is a specific directive within the meanlng of Article 3 of Directive 89/109/EEC. It concerns the release of N-nitrosamines and of substances  capable of being converted into N-nitrosamines, hereinafter called ‘N-nitrosatable substances’, from teats and soothers, made of elastomer or rubber. Article 2 The teats and soothers referred to in Article 1 must not pass on to release-test liquid (saliva test solution) under the conditions specified in Annex I any N-nitrosamine and N-nitrosatable substance detectable by a validated method which complies with the criteria laid down in Annex II and which can detect the following quantities : — 0,01 mg in total of N-nitrosamines released/kg (of the parts of teat or soother made of elastomer or rubber), — 0,1 mg in total of N-nitrosatable substances/kg (of the parts of teat or soother made of elastomer or rubber). Article 3 1. Member States shall bring into force the laws, regu- lations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with this Directive as from 1 April 1994. They shall immediately inform the Commission thereof.