28. 6. 91 Official Journal of the European Communities No L 166/77 (Acts whose publication is not obligatory) COUNCIL COUNCIL DIRECTIVE of 10 June 1991 on prevention of the use of the financial system for the purpose of money laundering ' (91/308/EEC) THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, Having régard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, and in particular Article 57 (2), first and third sentences, and Article 100a thereof, Having regard to the proposal from the Commission ('), In cooperation with the European Parliament (3), Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee (%), Whereas when credit and financial institutions are used to launder proceeds from criminal activities (hereinafter referred to as ‘money laundering’), the soundness and stability of the institution concerned and confidence in the financial system as a whole could be seriously jeopar- dized, thereby losing the trust of the public; Whereas lack of Community action against money laun- dering could lead Member States, for the purpose of protecting their financial systems, to adopt measures which could be inconsistent with completion of the single market; whereas, in order to facilitate their criminal activities, launderers could try to take advantage of the freedom of capital movement and freedom to supply financial services which the integrated financial () OJ No C 106, 28. 4. 1990, p. 6; and O] No C 319, 19. 12. 1990, p. 9. () O] No C 324, 24. 12. 1990, p. 264; and OJ No C 129, 20. 5. 1991. " () OJ No C 332, 31. 12. 1990, p. 86. area involves, if certain coordinating measures are not adopted at Community level ; Whereas money laundering has an evident influence on the rise of organized crime in general and drug trafficking in particular ; whereas there is more and more awareness that combating money laundering is one of the most effective means of opposing this form of criminal activity, which constitutes a particular threat to Member States’ societies ; Whereas money laundering must be combated mainly by penal means and within the framework of international cooperation among judicial and law enforcement author- ities, as has been undertaken, in the field of drugs, by the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, adopted on 19 December 1988 in Vienna (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Vienna Convention’) and more generally in relation to all criminal activities, by the Council of Europe Convention on laundering, tracing, seizure and confisca- tion of proceeds of crime, opened for signature on 8 November 1990 in Strasbourg ; . i Whereas a penal approach should, however, not be the ‘only way to combat money laundering, since the financial system can play a highly effective role ; whereas reference must be made in this context to the recommendation of the Council of Europe of 27 June 1980 and to the decla- ration of principles adopted in December 1988 in Basle by the banking supervisory authorities of the Group of Ten, both of which constitute major steps towards preven- ting the use of the financial system for money launder- ing;