8.5.90 Official Journal of the European Communities No L 117/1 (Acts whose publication is not obligatory) COUNCIL COUNCIL DIRECTIVE  of 23 April 1990 . on the contained use of genetically modified micro-organisms {90/219/EEC) THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, and in particular Article 130s thereof, Having regard to the proposal from the Commission (1), Having regard to the opinion of the European Parliament (2), Having regard to the opinion of the Economic and Social Committee (3), Whereas, under the Treaty, action by the Community relating to the environment shall be based on the principle that preventive action shall be taken and shall have as its objective to preserve, protect and improve the environment and to protect human health; Whereas the Council Resolution of 19 October 1987 (4) concerning the Fourth Environmental Action Programme of the European Communities  decldres that measures concerning the evaluation and best use of biotechnology with regard ‘to the environment are a priority area on which Community action should concentrate; - Whereas the development of biotechnology is such as to contribute to the economic expansion of the Member States; whereas this implies that generically modified micre-organisms will be-used in operations of various types - and scale; (1) O] No C 198, 28. 7. 1988, p. 9 and - - 0] No C 246, 27.9. 1989, p. 6. (2) O] No C 158, 26. 6. 1989, p. 122 and 0] No C 96, 17. 4. 1990. (3) OJ No C 23, 30. 1. 1989, p. 45. (*) O] No C 328, 7. 12. 1987, p. 1. Whereas the contained use of - genetically modified micro-organisms should be carried out in such way as to limit . their possible negative consequences for human health and the environment, due attention being given to the prevention of accidents and the control of wastes; Whereas micro-organisms, if réleased in the environment in one Member State in the course of their contained use, may reproduce and spread, crossing national frontiers and thereby: affecting other Member States; ' Whereas, in order to bring about the safe development of- biotechnology throughout the Community, it is necessary-to establish common measures for the evaluation and reduction- of the potential risks arising in the.course of all operations involving the contained use of genetically modified micro-organisms and to set appropriate conditions of use; Whereas the precise nature and scale of risks associated with genetically modified micro-organisms are not yet - fully known and the risk involved must be assessed case by case; whereas, -to evaluate risk for human health and the environment, it is necessary to lay down requirements for. risk assessment; Whereas genetically modified micro-organisms should be classified in relation to the risks they present; whereas criteria - should be provided for this- purpose; whereas particular attention should be given to operations using the more hazardous genetically modified micro-organisms; Whereas appropriate containment measures should be applied at the various stages of an operation to control emissions and to prevent accidents;