30.9.2005 Official Journal of the European Union L 255/11 DIRECTIVE 2005/35/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 7 September 2005 on ship-source pollution and on the introduction of penalties for infringements THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Com- munity, and in particular Article 80(2) thereof, Having regard to the proposal from the Commission, Having regard to the opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee ('), After consulting the Committee of the Regions, Acting in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 251 of the Treaty (%), Whereas: (1)  The Community’s maritime safety policy is aimed at a high level of safety and environmental protection and is based on the understanding that all parties involved in the transport of goods by sea have a responsibility for ensuring that ships used in Community waters comply with applicable rules and standards. (2)  The material standards in all Member States for discharges of polluting substances from ships are based upon the Marpol 73/78 Convention; however these rules are being ignored on a daily basis by a very large number of ships sailing in Community waters, without corrective action being taken. (3)  The implementation of Marpol 73/78 shows discrepan- cies among Member States and there is thus a need to harmonise its implementation at Community level; in particular the practices of Member States relating to the imposition of penalties for discharges of polluting substances from ships differ significantly. (4)  Measures of a dissuasive nature form an integral part of the Community’s maritime safety policy, as they ensure a link between the responsibility of each of the parties involved in the transport of polluting goods by sea and () O] € 220, 16.9.2003, p. 72. (*) Opinion of the European Parliament of 13 January 2004 (O] C 92 E, 16.4.2004, p. 77), Council Common Position of 7 October 2004 (O] C 25 E, 1.2.2005, p. 29), Position of the European Parliament of 23 February 2005 (not yet published in the Official Journal) and Council Decision of 12 July 2005. their exposure to penalties; in order to achieve effective protection of the environment there is therefore a need for effective, dissuasive and proportionate penalties. (5)  To that end it is essential to approximate, by way of the proper legal instruments, existing legal provisions, in particular on the precise definition of the infringement in question, the cases of exemption and minimum rules for penalties, and on liability and jurisdiction. (6)  This Directive is supplemented by detailed rules on crim- inal offences and penalties as well as other provisions set out in Council Framework Decision 2005/667[JHA of 12 July 2005 to strengthen the criminal law framework for the enforcement of the law against ship-source pollu- tion (%). (7)  Neither the international regime for the civil liability and compensation of oil pollution nor that relating to pollu- tion by other hazardous or noxious substances provides sufficient dissuasive effects to discourage the parties involved in the transport of hazardous cargoes by sea from engaging in substandard practices; the required dissuasive effects can only be achieved through the introduction of penalties applying to any person who causes or contributes to marine pollution; penalties should be applicable not only to the shipowner or the master of the ship, but also the owner of the cargo, the classification society or any other person involved. (8)  Ship-source discharges of polluting substances should be regarded as infringements if committed with intent, reck- lessly or by serious negligence. These infringements are regarded as criminal offences by, and in the circum- stances provided for in, Framework Decision 2005/667[JHA supplementing this Directive. (9)  Penalties for discharges of polluting substances from ships are not related to the civil liability of the parties concerned and are thus not subject to any rules relating to the limitation or channelling of civil liabilities, nor do they limit the efficient compensation of victims of pollu- tion incidents. (’) See page 164 of this Official Journal.