L 143/56 Official Journal of the European Union 30.4.2004 DIRECTIVE 2004/35/CE OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 21 April 2004 on environmental liability with regard to the prevention and remedying of environmental damage THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, and in particular Article 175(1) thereof, Having regard to the proposal from the Commission (%), Having regard to the Opinion of the European Economic and Social Committee (2), After consulting the Committee of the Regions , Acting in accordance with the procedure laid down in Article 251 of the Treaty (%), in the light of the joint text approved by the Conciliation Committee on 10 March 2004, Whereas: (1)  There are currently many contaminated sites in the Community, posing significant health risks, and the loss of biodiversity has dramatically accelerated over the last decades. Failure to act could result in increased site contamination and greater loss of biodiversity in the future. Preventing and remedying, insofar as is possible, environmental damage contributes to implementing the objectives and principles of the Community’s environment policy as set out in the Treaty. Local conditions should be taken into account when deciding how to remedy damage. (2) The prevention and remedying of environmental damage should be implemented through the furtherance of the ‘polluter pays’ principle, as indicated in the Treaty () OJ C 151 E, 25.6.2002, p. 132. () 0] C 241, 7.10.2002, p. 162. (®) Opinion of the European Parliament of 14 May 2003 (not yet published in the Official Journal), Council Common Position of 18 September 2003 (O] C 277 E, 18.11.2003, p.10) and Position of the European Parliament of 17 December 2003 (not yet published in the Official Journal). Legislative resolution of the European Parliament of 31 March 2004 and Council Decision of 30 March 2004. and in line with the principle of sustainable development. The fundamental principle of this Directive should therefore be that an operator whose activity has caused the environmental damage or the imminent threat of such damage is to be held financially liable, in order to induce operators to adopt measures and develop practices to minimise the risks of environmental damage so that their exposure to financial liabilities is reduced. (3)  Since the objective of this Directive, namely to establish a common framework for the prevention and remedying of environmental damage at a reasonable cost to society, cannot be sufficiently achieved by the Member States and can therefore be better achieved at Community level by reason of the scale of this Directive and its implications in respect of other Community legislation, namely Council Directive 79/409/EEC of 2 April 1979 on the conservation of wild birds (*), Council Directive 92[43[EEC of 21 May 1992 on the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora (), and Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy (°), the Community may adopt measures in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity as set out in Article 5 of the Treaty. In accordance with the principle of proportionality, as set out in that Article, this Directive does not go beyond what is necessary in order to achieve that objective. (4 Environmental damage also includes damage caused by airborne elements as far as they cause damage to water, land or protected species or natural habitats. (5)  Concepts instrumental for the correct interpretation and application of the scheme provided for by this Directive should be defined especially as regards the definition of environmental damage. When the concept in question derives from other relevant Community legislation, the same definition should be used so that common criteria can be used and uniform application promoted. (*) OJ L 103, 25.4.1979, p. 1. Directive as last amended by Regulation (EC) No 807/2003 (O L 122, 16.5.2003, p. 36). () OJ L 206, 22.7.1992, p. 7. Directive as last amended by Regulation (EC) No 1882/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council (O] L 284, 31.10.2003, p. 1). (®) OJ L 327, 22.12.2000, p. 1. Directive as amended by Decision No 2455/2001/EC (O] L 331, 15.12.2001, p. 1).