 Oososayensi bayibiza le nkqubo njengenkqubo ekhuthazwayo yokukhupha iradiyeyshini ngenxa yokuba ii-atomu zikhutshwa kukuqaqamba kokukhanya, nto leyo ebangela ukuphuma kwe-photon yokukhanye, yaye ukukhanya luhlobo oluthile lweradiyeyshini. 