<classify> ũtongoĩ ũla mũnene wa kanĩsa wĩthaa nthĩ ya Rome vandũ va mĩaka mbee wangili ũmwe na ũtonyĩ ũũ mwĩngĩ ũla nĩ vamwe na wa mbesa nũtũmaa andũ aĩngĩ mekũlya kana maũndũ ala vangĩĩwe nĩmeanĩawa.  <topic>: european historychallenges to spiritual authority 