 Complete the following phrase:  Since then, there have been various Chechen rebellions against RussianSoviet power in 186566, 1877, during the Russian Civil War and World War II, as well as nonviolent resistance to Russification and the Soviet Unions collectivization and anti-religion campaigns. In 1944, all Chechens, together with several other peoples of the Caucasus, were ordered by the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin to be deported en masse to the Kazakh and Kirghiz SSRs; and their republic and nation were abolished. At least one-quarterand perhaps halfof the entire Chechen population perished in the process, and a severe blow was made to their culture and historical records. Though rehabilitated in 1956 and allowed to return the next year, the survivors lost economic resources and civil rights and, under both Soviet and post-Soviet governments, they have been the objects of both official and unofficial discrimination and discriminatory public discourse. Chechen attempts to regain independence in the 1990s after the fall of the Soviet Union led to the 