 Complete the following phrase:  During the reign of Sultan Abdulhamid II, Pan-Islamism had become an important part of the state ideology as Abdulhamid had often stressed his claim to be the Caliph. The claim that Abdulhamid was the caliph, making him the political and spiritual leader of all Muslims not only caught on within the Ottoman Empire, but throughout the entire Dar-al-Islam the House of Islam, i.e. the Islamic world, especially in British controlled India. The fact that Indian Muslims seemed to have far more enthusiasm for the Ottoman Sultan-caliph than they did for the British king-emperor was a matter of considerable concern for British decision-makers. The fear that the Sultan-caliph might declare jihad against the British, and thereby plunge India into a revolt by its Muslims was a constant factor in British policy towards the Ottoman Empire. The CUP endorsed Abdulhamids legacy upon his death in February 1918, even though the CUP 