 Complete the following phrase:  The Hellenic city-states established colonies on the shores of the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Asian Minor, Sicily and Southern Italy in Magna Graecia. By the late 6th century BC, all the Greek city states in Asia Minor had been incorporated into the Persian Empire, while the latter had made territorial gains in the Balkans such as Macedon, Thrace, Paeonia, etc. and Eastern Europe proper as well. In the course of the 5th century BC, some of the Greek city states attempted to overthrow Persian rule in the Ionian Revolt, which failed. This sparked the first Persian invasion of mainland Greece. At some point during the ensuing Greco-Persian Wars, namely during the Second Persian invasion of Greece, and precisely after the Battle of Thermopylae and the 