 Complete the following phrase:  Exasperated by the prolonged bloodshed, the New Model Army purged parliament and established the Rump Parliament, which had Charles tried for treason against the English people; he was executed on 30 January 1649, and the republican Commonwealth was created. The Scottish Parliament, which had not been consulted prior to the Kings execution, declared his son, also Charles, king of Britain. Before they would permit him to return from exile in the Dutch Republic to take up his crown, they demanded that he first sign both Covets: recognising the authority of the Kirk in religious matters, and that of parliament in civil affairs. Charles II was initially reluctant to accept these conditions, but after Cromwells 