 Complete the following phrase:  The Dey of Algiers himself was weak politically, economically, and militarily. Algeria was then part of the Barbary States, along with todays Tunisia  which depended on the Ottoman Empire, then led by Mahmud II  but enjoyed relative independence. The Barbary Coast was the stronghold of Berber pirates, who carried out raids against European and American ships. Conflicts between the Barbary States and the newly independent United States of America culminated in the First 180105 and Second 1815 Barbary Wars. An Anglo-Dutch force, led by Admiral Lord Exmouth, carried out a punitive expedition, the August 1816 