 Complete the following phrase:  The first written reference to Trnava dates from 1211. In 1238, Trnava was the first town in present-day Slovakia to be granted a town charter civic privileges by the king. The former agricultural center gradually became a center of manufacture, trade, and crafts. By the early 13th century, the king of Hungary had invited numerous Germans to settle in Trnava; this settlement increased after the 