 Complete the following phrase:  Before the 4th century BC, Macedonia was a small kingdom outside of the area dominated by the great city-states of Athens, Sparta and Thebes, and briefly subordinate to Achaemenid Persia. During the reign of the Argead king PhilipII 359336 BC, Macedonia subdued mainland Greece and the Thracian Odrysian kingdom through conquest and diplomacy. With a reformed army containing phalanxes wielding the sarissa pike, PhilipII defeated the old powers of Athens and Thebes in the Battle of Chaeronea in 338BC. PhilipIIs son Alexander the Great, leading a federation of Greek states, accomplished his fathers objective of commanding the whole of Greece when he destroyed Thebes after the city revolted. During Alexanders subsequent campaign of conquest, he 