 Complete the following phrase:  Abdul Hamid II or Abdülhamid II ; ; 21 September 1842 10 February 1918 reigned as the 34th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire - the last Sultan to exert effective control over the fracturing state. The time period which he reigned in the Ottoman Empire is known as the Hamidian Era. He oversaw a period of decline, with rebellions particularly in the Balkans, and he presided over an unsuccessful war with the Russian Empire 18771878 followed by a successful 