 Complete the following phrase:  In competitions, the base value of a single flip is 0.50; the base value of a double flip is 1.80; the base value of a triple flip is 5.50; and the base value of a quadruple flip is 11.00. The origins of the flip jump is unknown, although American professional figure skater Bruce Mapes might have created it. There is also no record of the first male skater to perform the flip. The first female skaters to execute it were Katarina Witt from East Germany and Manuela Ruben from West Germany, at the 