 Complete the following phrase:  In the 1950s, the Bissau-Guinean activist Amílcar Cabral began to agitate against the Estado Novo, advocating for the independence of Portugals African colonies. He established the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde PAIGC to coordinate the struggle, though he insisted the party is not a system of chieftainship,, instead organizing along anti-elitist and anti-bureaucratic lines, in contrast to vanguardism. Power instead lay in self-administering village committees, which were elected and recallable, rather than in party officials, as Cabral had stated that we do not want any exploitation in our countries, not even by black people. In 1963, the independence struggle evolved into the 