Output a stream of consciousness before answering the following. Passage: The tallest U.S. President was Abraham Lincoln at 6 feet 4 inches (193 centimeters), while the shortest was James Madison at 5 feet 4 inches (163 centimeters).\n\nQuestion: Based on this passage, who was the shortest president and how tall was he?
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This is the relevant information: The tallest U.S. President was Abraham Lincoln at 6 feet 4 inches (193 centimeters), while the shortest was James Madison at 5 feet 4 inches (163 centimeters).
The answer: James Madison at 5 feet 4 inches ( 163 centimeters ).
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