The light-independent reactions, or dark reactions, of photosynthesis are chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and other compounds into glucose. These reactions occur in the stroma, the fluid-filled area of a chloroplast outside the thylakoid membranes. These reactions take the products (ATP and NADPH) of light-dependent reactions and perform further chemical processes on them. There are three phases to the light-independent reactions, collectively called the Calvin cycle: carbon fixation, reduction reactions, and ribulose 1, 5-bisphosphate (RuBP) regeneration.\n\nAnswer this question based on the passage: where does the calvin cycle (dark reactions) take place? Let's have some stream of consciousness first.
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The relevant information is: These reactions occur in the stroma, the fluid-filled area of a chloroplast outside the thylakoid membranes. So, the answer is in the stroma , the fluid - filled area of a chloroplast outside the thylakoid membranes.
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