nary course of carrying out business activities 
and used for such activities. This means that each reproduction in sequence should have the 
same admissibility in court as the record’s first manifestation and be given the same weight. 
To establish that a record is reproduced in the usual and ordinary course of business, it is 
necessary to set out routine procedures in writing. In effect, if reliable records have been 
generated in a trusted record-making system and their accuracy and authenticity have be