descriptive theory normative correct article claims savage proved adhere axioms rationality believe uncertain event possible outcomes utility choices explained arising function believe subjective probability outcome subjective expected utility expected value utility first something like proved seems empirical matter importantly article later says regards failure theory predict actual choices savage response showed flaw method rather applying method allowed individuals improve decision making first paragraph claims descriptive role theory according second quote normative theory people reason problem flagrant question whether savage ever actually made first claim since one also contains problematic claim proof could either get description line savage claim either reference flaw