 The Dartmouth conference of 1956 is standardly taken as marking the inception of both the field and the term “artificial intelligence” (AI). There were, however, two distinct trajectories apparent in that conference. Some of the participants took as their goal to be the development of intelligent or thinking machines, with perhaps an understanding of human processing as a begrudging means to that end. Others took their goal to be a philosophical and psychological understanding of human processing, with the development of machines a means to that end. Those in the first group were quick to exploit linear programming: what came to be known as “GOFAI”, or “good old-fashioned artificial intelligence”. Those in the second group rejoiced when connectionist and neural net architectures came to maturity several decades later, promising models directly built on and perhaps reflective of mechanisms in the human brain (Churchland 1995).