 We will first consider the kinds of things that can be parts of integral wholes  (Section 3.1).  We will then turn to the parts of universals  (Section 3.2).  As it will turn out, some of the things that can be parts of universals can also be parts of integral wholes. This will prompt us to consider several criteria that medieval philosophers use to distinguish universal wholes from integral wholes  (Section 3.3).  Finally, we will return to consider potential wholes in light of these criteria for distinguishing universals from integral wholes  (Section 3.4).