  ‘Man runs’ is truth-evaluable, whereas neither  ‘man’ nor ‘runs’ is. Aristotle says that things of this sort signify entities, evidently extra-linguistic entities, which are thus, correlatively, in the first case sufficiently complex to be what makes the sentence ‘Man runs’ true, that is a man running, and in the second, items below the level of truth-making, so, e.g., an entity a man, taken by itself, and an action running, taken by itself.  If that is correct, the entities categorized by the categories are the sorts of basic beings that fall below the level of truth-makers, or facts. Such beings evidently contribute, so to speak, to the facticity of facts, just as, in their linguistic analogues, nouns and verbs, things said ‘without combination’, contribute to the truth-evaluability of simple assertions. The constituents of facts contribute to facts as the semantically relevant parts of a proposition contribute to its having the truth conditions it has.  Thus, the items categorized in Aristotle’s categories are the constituents of facts. If it is a fact that Socrates is pale, then the basic beings in view are Socrates and being pale.   In Aristotle’s terms, the first is a substance and the second is a quality. 