 A potential problem with approaches like Field’s and MacFarlane’s is that logical consequence does not appear to have a unique normative profile that sets it apart from other, non-logical consequence relations. For instance, that one ought not believe each member of a set of premises while at the same time not believing (or disbelieving) its conclusion, is a feature that logical consequence seems to share with strict implication. At least in one sense of “ought”, I ought to believe that this is colored, if I believe it to be red, just as much as I ought to believe \(A\), if I believe \(A \land B\). If the general principles characterizing logic’s normative role fail to discriminate logical consequence among other types of consequence, we cannot identify the conceptual role of validity with its normative role as Field proposes. We cannot do so, at least, unless we impose further conditions to demarcate properly logical consequence (see entry  logical constants).  The problem discussed here was raised (albeit in a different context) by Harman (1986: 17–20) when he argues that logic is not “specially relevant to reasoning”. One response, of course, is simply to concede the point and so to simply broaden the scope of the inquiry: Instead of asking how logic (narrowly construed) normatively constrains us, we might ask how strict implication (Streumer 2007) or perhaps a priori implication  does.[3]  A further response is that neither Field nor MacFarlane are committed to demarcating logic or carving out any “special” role for it. Their principles are left-to-right conditionals: the existence of a logical entailment gives rise to a normative constraint on doxastic attitudes. One can thus question the operative notion of entailment by questioning the normative constraint. This, it might reasonably be maintained, is all that Field and MacFarlane need for their purposes.