 By contrast, on the methodological side of the notion of scientific method, pluralist approaches have given rise to a multiplicity of concepts aiming at describing and making sense of the diversity of scientific practices. Influenced by “science and technology studies”, “integrated history and philosophy of science”, and “philosophy of science in practice”, many efforts have been made to grasp both the diachronic and synchronic varieties of styles of scientific inquiries, in the vein of classical propositions such as Foucault’s “épistémé” (1966), Fleck’s “Denkstil” (“thought style”) (1935) or Kuhn’s “paradigm” (1962). A seminal contribution in this domain is Hacking’s multifaceted concept of “styles of scientific reasoning” (1982, 1992a, 2012). Drawing on the work of the historian of science Crombie (1994), who identified six main “styles of thought”, that is, six main modes of “scientific inquiry, argument and explanation” in the European scientific culture, Hacking’s ambition is to provide a concept that combines methodological, ontological and social dimensions in order to account for long-term aspects of scientific development. Hacking conceives each style as being both the product of the evolution of human cognitive capacities and the result of specific features of human cultural history. A style of scientific reasoning is characterized as introducing new kinds of objects, new types of propositions, new types of explanations and is “self-authenticating”, that is, it defines its own standard of validity. One line of discussion of Hacking’s proposition is whether his concept of style of scientific reasoning is too inclusive. In light of the above characterizations, it might be argued that certain types of reasoning such as religious thinking qualify as a style of scientific reasoning. Another line of discussion addresses the “foliated pluralism” (Ruphy 2011b) that follows from the current co-existence of different styles of scientific reasoning and specifies its main characteristics in terms of transdisciplinarity, synchronicity, nonexclusiveness and cumulativeness.