 PPJ is not the only way to characterise the notion of causal basis. Lewis (1997), for example, derives an alternative characterisation of causal basis from RCA, as pointed out by Hauska (2008a). The causal basis for \(D\) is then approximately defined as an intrinsic property \(P\) that would cause \(x\) to manifest \(D\) if \(x\) were to be exposed to the stimulus condition and, at the same time, \(x\) were to retain \(P\) for a sufficient time. (For still alternative characterisations of causal basis, see Mackie 1977, Johnston 1992, McKitrick 2003b, and Molnar 2003.)