 Beiser (2014b) suggests that some of the changes between the first and the second editions of the History of Materialism were prompted by a sea change in the prevailing view in the natural sciences. The older theories of Czolbe, Büchner, and Vogt had been spectacularly superseded by Darwinism and its interpretations by his German exponents, Ernst Häckel and Carl Gegenbauer (p. 96). Beiser notes that Darwinism’s triumph should not be read as “a vindication of materialism itself” (p. 96). As Hermann Lotze observes, Darwin’s explanations of organisms and species did not require that those organisms or species be viewed as reducible to solely material objects (see Beiser 2014b, p. 96). Nonetheless, the increasing dominance of Darwinism in Germany meant that the materialist program dwindled in influence as a scientific project, and so its broader impact was checked as well. Lange’s death in 1875 coincided with the rise of Darwinism in Germany, and thus his responses to this change in the intellectual context were limited.