Some computational linguists and AI researchers wish to go much further in avoiding expressive devices outside those of standard first-order logic. One strategy that can be used to deal with intensionality within FOL is to functionalize all predicates, save one or two. For example, we can treat predications, such as that Romeo loves Juliet, as values of functions that “hold” at particular times: Holds(loves(Romeo, Juliet), t). Here loves is regarded as a function that yields a reified property, while Holds (or in some proposals, True), and perhaps equality, are the only predicates in the representation language. Then we can formalize (3.14), for example, without recourse to intensional semantics as