  Psychoanalysis was an essential theoretical tool for the Frankfurt School from the beginning. When Max Horkheimer took over as director in 1931, he had already been influenced by psychoanalysis (Abromeit 2011: 192–195). Soon after becoming director he brought Psychoanalyst Erich Fromm on board. The initial goal was to use psychoanalytic theory to understand the psyche of the working class. That is, the goal was to understand why those who would benefit most from a revolution of social change seemed to resist it. Marcuse did not engage psychoanalysis until later. Although he made the same use of psychoanalysis as his colleagues, Marcuse also developed his own unique approach to interpreting psychoanalytic theory. While Eros and Civilization is a work on Freud and is replete with the language of psychoanalysis, it is as Marxian as it is Freudian. The name Marx it not mentioned in the text, and rarely are Marxian categories be introduced. Nevertheless, the Freudian categories are bent toward a Marxist/Marxian type of analysis of advanced industrial societies.