 However, there are other philosophical trends in the contemporary period that are quite critical of Mulla Sadra’s approach and metaphysics. It took some time for Mulla Sadra to become dominant. The Avicennan tradition remained strong throughout the Safavid period and beyond with his own student and son-in-law ʿAbd al-Razzaq Lahiji defending Avicennan forms of essentialism, and later father and son philosophers Husayn (d. 1098/1687) and Jamal Khwansari (d. 1125/1714) criticising Mulla Sadra’s concept of mental existence and the modulation of being, explicitly rejecting his positions in their commentaries on the Cure of Avicenna. This Avicennan critique of Mulla Sadra remained into the 18th and 19th centuries. Mahdi Naraqi (d. 1794) was a prolific glossator on Avicenna and critiqued the ‘mysticising’ approach of Mulla Sadra to metaphysics. 