 On Twardowski's life and education in Vienna up to 1895 (as well as Twardowski's early activity in Lvov and Vienna's ‘war parenthesis’ in 1914-1915) see Brożek 2012; Twardowski's heritage and his achievements as an educator and organizer in Lvov, see Czeżowski 1948, Ingarden 1948; Ajdukiewicz 1959, Kotarbiński 1959 (in Polish: excerpts in English are to be found in Brożek 2014), Dąmbska 1978, Woleński 1989, 1997 and 1998. With special reference to psychology, see Rzepa and Stachowski 1993.