 The mental act of judging includes both affirming one idea agrees with another and denying such agreement. In affirmation, the result is a joining of the ideas; they are judged to agree with each other. In denial, the result is a separation of the ideas; they are judged to be “repugnant” to each other. “Agreement” and “repugnance” are unpacked in terms of the crucial notions of comprehension and extension. When one judges that “s is P”, affirms that the comprehension of s includes the comprehension of P and that s is included in the extension of P. Because ideas are characterized by their objects, a judgment is true when the ideas are related as the objects are related. As usual, this works straightforwardly only when the ideas are sufficiently clear and distinct. If one’s idea of Arnauld confusedly contains the attribute of being married, then one might erroneously judge that the idea of Arnauld agrees with the idea of being married.