 The behaviour of indexicals in mixed quotation is important, because it gives strong evidence against the possibility that mixed quotation is a pragmatic phenomenon. A typical pragmatic analysis would say that the semantic contribution of the quoted material in a mixed quotation is just its unquoted semantic value (so that the literal semantic content of (12) is simply ‘Quine said that quotation has a certain anomalous feature’), but that to utter a mixed quotation is to imply, but not to say, that the quoted material was used by the speaker to say what they said.