 Sissela Bok defined secrecy as intentional concealment (Bok 1982). Patients and caregivers can promote privacy through secrecy. Secrecy practices loom large in health care. Some people do not share the knowledge of medical symptoms even with their closest friends and family members. A person may secretly know he or she is ill before he or she admits it to family members or consults a physician. Reluctance to share knowledge of medical symptoms with associates or kin and medical professionals may stem from fear of disability or death; avoidance of discrimination in insurance, employment and education; or dread of social stigma, shame, embarrassment or rejection. In the 1990s, questions arose about the obligations of dentists and other health care providers to refrain from secrecy and disclose their HIV positive status to patients. Fertility patients may want to conceal the use of donated sperm or eggs, due to the social and religious consequences of disclosure (Birenbaum-Carmeli et al. 2008). Few medical conditions or procedures are shrouded in total secrecy anymore. Yet, people may prefer to keep secret the fact of, for example, their elective cosmetic procedures, weight loss surgery, sex reassignment surgery, abortions, fertility treatments, and sterilizations.