 It will be helpful to begin with a review of classical probability theory. In its simplest formulation, classical probability theory deals with a (discrete) set \(E\) of mutually exclusive outcomes, as of some measurement, experiment, etc., and with the various probability weights that can be defined thereon—that is, with mappings \(\omega : E \rightarrow[0,1]\) summing to 1 over  \(E\).[9]