 The generalized measurement model starts, as in Sec. [sbct7.1], with a Hilbert space \({{\mathcal H}}={{\mathcal H}}_s\otimes{{\mathcal H}}_m\), where \({{\mathcal H}}_s\) represents the measured system (hereafter referred to as a particle), and \({{\mathcal H}}_m\) the measuring apparatus, including the probe if that is part of the arrangement. And as in and assume an initial state 