 For brevity, let us call the advocate of transmission failure “the advocate.” Then, the advocate’s core idea is that even though (1) and (2) entail (3), they do not prove (3). For in brief, the “proof” seems question begging (cf. McLaughlin 2000). ‘Question begging’, however, may not be the right word here (Beebee 2001, Prichard 2002, Silins 2011). Still, the idea is that (3) in some sense is presupposed, once the deduction gets started. If such circularity is operative, then the deduction cannot create any warrant for (3), much less prove it. Or in the advocate’s idiom, the warrant for (1) and (2) cannot transmit to (3) in virtue of the deduction.