 Israeli, like the physician Qusta Ibn Luqa (ca. 835–912), argued that in addition to its connection with souls, a living being has a vital spirit, which unlike souls, is contained within the body and dies with the body, and he employs scripture (Psalms 78: 39) to argue this point. Altmann and Stern show that Israeli’s text very closely parallels Ibn Luqa’s, hence either derived it directly from the former, or they both are quoting the same prior source. (Isaac Israeli, p. 50)