 One possibility is to look for hypotheses about how such models are deployed when studying actual physical systems. Chaos models seem to be deployed to ascertain various kinds of information about bifurcation points, period doubling sequences, the onset of chaotic dynamics, strange attractors and other denizens of the chaos zoo of behaviors. The hypotheses connecting chaos models to physical systems would have to be filled in if we are to employ the semantic conception fully. I take it these would be hypotheses about, for example, how strange attractors reconstructed from physical data relate to the physical system from which the data were originally recorded. Or about how a one-dimensional map for a particular full nonlinear model (idealized physical system) developed using, say, Poincaré surface of section techniques, relates to the target system being modeled. 