 The dominant conceptualization of equitable access to health care among health service researchers builds on the idea that the utilization of services should reflect actual needs for care (Aday and Anderson 1974, 1975, Aday 1975, Aday, Anderson and Fleming 1980, Aday 2001, Aday et al. 2004). A prominent competing view, especially in the United States, is a modified market view that focuses on the availability in the market of a decent basic minimum of care (cf. Enthoven 1980). This modified market account is not to be confused with a pure market view that allows all care to be determined by market forces, which might mean that some people do not even get a decent basic minimum of care. However, even the modified market view allows for many inequalities of access to care that would be judged inequitable by the use-per-need view. A third model of equal, universal access can be derived from some things that have been said by Republicans determined to advance a model of universal access that rests on the “choice” to buy coverage (Bump 2017). Rather than taking all to have insurance coverage as the model of universal and equal access to care, on this model the “choice” to buy coverage is the key determinant of universality. It will be useful to examine the implications of these three prominent views of equity of access.