 The doctrine that judgment arises exclusively from mental acts of affirmation and denial raises some important philosophical questions. First, if it is an act of affirmation or denial that results in a proposition, there seems to be no room for doubting or suspending judgment on a proposition. The Logic proposes a “one act” theory of affirmation and denial. Another kind of theory would require two acts: first, the formulation of a judgment, and second, affirming or denying it. In much post-Fregean philosophy it is a requirement that propositions can be thought without asserting them and that mental “attitudes” such as believing, hoping, fearing, etc. can be taken regarding a proposition that is neither affirmed nor denied.