 Whilst replication is often casually referred to as a cornerstone of the scientific method, direct replication studies (as they might be understood from Schmidt or Gómez, Juristo, and Vegas’s typologies above) are a rare event in the published literature of some scientific disciplines, most notably the life and social sciences. For example, such replication attempts constitute roughly 1% of the published psychology literature (Makel, Plucker, &amp; Hegarty 2012). The proportion in published ecology and evolution literature is even smaller (Kelly 2017, Other Internet Resources).