 A position that lies between Hick’s non-cognitivist pluralism and Alston’s cognitivist exclusivism is Keith Ward’s “open theology” that is attentive to the possibility of revelation in all religions. This possibility entails, for Ward, that believers must be prepared to critically question their own tradition in light of insights from other religions (Ward 1994: 339–340). Another option is Griffiths’ “open inclusivism”, based on the claim that “it is possible that alien religions teach truths of religious significance to the Church” (2001: 63).