 The premises themselves of this argument must be justified through the operation of the intellect or the faculty of distinction (to use Ibn al-Haytham’s own terminology) upon the data we receive through our senses (Sabra 1989: vol. I, 133–34; Ighbariah &amp; Wagner 2018). The traces of these attitudes towards the axioms and common notions can be found in the works of Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī and some of later mutikallimūn (Morrison 2014: 220–22; Hasan 2017: sec. 2.4.2; Ighbariah and Wagner 2018: 66–68).