Moreover, according to Azzouni (Azzouni 2009b), in order for scientists to use a scientific theory, they need to assert it. On his view, it is not enough for scientists simply to recognize that a scientific theory is true (or exhibits some other theoretical virtue). It is required that they assert the theory. In particular, scientists would then need to assert a nominalistic theory. They cannot simply contemplate such a theory; they need to be able to assert it as well (Azzouni 2009b, footnotes 31, 43, 53, and 55, and p. 171). Thus, nominalists who grant this point to Azzouni need to show that scientists are in a position to assert the relevant nominalistic theories in order to address the issue of the application of mathematics.