 Another alternative is to eliminate the nonconsent requirement, defining rape simply as forced sex. MacKinnon defends a variant of this strategy, contending that “Rape should be defined as sex by compulsion, of which physical force is one form. Lack of consent is redundant and should not be a separate element of the crime” (1989, 245). This approach has the advantage of focusing on what the perpetrator did, rather than on how the victim responded (that is, on whether her behavior constituted, or could reasonably have been seen by the perpetrator as constituting, consent).