 Sextus Empiricus (fl. 3rd century CE), in Against the Musicians, also denies that music could have any positive educational role. While he concedes that we may enjoy music, he denies that the study of music could contribute to such enjoyment. In support of this, he also compares music to cookery, arguing that in both cases enjoyment is independent of our understanding of the thing enjoyed (Against the Musicians, 24–25).