 and admit that it is true. It continues by arguing that, if plural expressions were committed to collections or any other “set-like” objects, then the truth of (17) would lead straight to Russell’s paradox. This is sometimes thought to be a knock-down argument in favor of Ontological Innocence (Boolos 1984: 440–443 [1998a: 64–67]; Lewis 1991: 65–69; McKay 2006: 31–32). But in fact it is less conclusive than it appears. For as we saw in  Section 4.3,  Russell’s paradox will follow only if two alternative views are ruled out. Since these views cannot be dismissed out of hand, much work remains before this argument can be said to be conclusive.