 [1]–[8] are the most standardly accepted characteristics of default interpretations in theoretical semantics and pragmatics. We shall not include here definitional characteristics of defaults in computational linguistics as these are a subject for a separate study. Some of the properties in [1]–[8] are interrelated, some of the others just tend to occur together. Levinson’s presumptive meanings, for example, are defeasible, i.e., fulfil [3a], local [7b], pertain to competence [1a], and are faster to process than inferential meanings [8a]. They are competence defaults of the type [1a] because they arise independently of the situation of discourse and are triggered by the construction alone, due to the presumed default scenario that it pertains to. For example, scalar inference from ‘many’ to ‘not all’ is a case of a competence-based, context-independent, local default. Similarly, the rhetorical structure rules of SDRT give rise to competence defaults. (15b) is a result of the common, shared knowledge that pushing normally results in falling.