 Among the most original and significant analyses here is Sapaṇ’s approach to translation and translation theory. A key theme of Tibetan Buddhist self-understanding has always been a keen sense of Tibet’s proximity to India as the source of the dharma, but also its cultural and linguistic distance from India. This is a reason that the great translators (and of course, paṇḍitas) were venerated as a bridge to the original source of the dharma in Sanskrit. Sakya Paṇḍita was himself a translator and he was very much aware of various kinds of shifts and transitions that took place when the dharma moved from Sanskrit into Tibetan language. In the Gateway he explains the choices made by the translators in a way that reveals just how deep a Tibetan interpreter’s knowledge needs to be in order not to be fooled by the translations. It is, in this way, an early application of the cultural studies approach to translation studies (see Bassnett &amp; Lefevere 1999). In his analysis, the translations are shown to embody the cultural distance between India and Tibet, between the true dharma and its likely misinterpretation, which can only be overcome by very precise linguistic expertise.