 For quite some time Twardowski thought that logic was dependent on psychology  [10],  and continued to hold the psychologistic idea of meaning as mental content from Content and Object. In his ‘Self-Portrait,’ Twardowski says that he changed his mind in an anti-psychologistic sense because of Husserl's Logical Investigations  (1900/01).[11]  ‘Actions and Products’ (1912) is the first printed work where Twardowski favors an ‘Aristotelian’ view of ideal meaning, i.e. of meaning in specie, which he associates with that of Husserl's in the Logical Investigations. 