 There were three key criticisms: 1) Some claimed that the HGP was a waste of money because much useless (read: junk) DNA was sequenced; the focus should be more directly on the functional parts of the genome, i.e., the genes or regulatory elements, which could be achieved using simpler and less expensive methods (Brenner 1990; Weinberg 1991; Rechsteiner 1991; Lewontin 1992; Rosenberg 1994). Others claimed 2) that the HGP was a waste of money as it was merely a descriptive and not a hypothesis-driven project. This was an issue that became much more prominent ten years after the project was finished, when it became clear that big data science was here to stay (see, e.g., Weinberg  2010).[8]