 From at least its modern inception, AI has always been connected to gadgets, often ones produced by corporations, and it would be remiss of us not to say a few words about this phenomenon. While there have been a large number of commercial in-the-wild success stories for AI and its sister fields, such as optimization and decision-making, some applications are more visible and have been thoroughly battle-tested in the wild. In 2014, one of the most visible such domains (one in which AI has been strikingly successful) is information retrieval, incarnated as web search. Another recent success story is pattern recognition. The state-of-the-art in applied pattern recognition (e.g., fingerprint/face verification, speech recognition, and handwriting recognition) is robust enough to allow “high-stakes” deployment outside the laboratory. As of mid 2018, several corporations and research laboratories have begun testing autonomous vehicles on public roads, with even a handful of jurisdictions making self-driving cars legal to operate. For example, Google’s autonomous cars have navigated hundreds of thousands of miles in California with minimal human help under non-trivial conditions (Guizzo 2011). 