 This requirement characterizes the strong person-affecting view (as introduced in  §1).  The contingency of future people will often mean that the same person could not or is not likely to have come into existence as a result of two alternative acts or actions (see below  §3.1).  As will be shown in  Section 3.2  below, in applying the second notion of harm, we do not have to compare the value of life below some threshold with nonexistence (or with how well off another person or other people would have been) in order to be able to claim that we can cause harm to a person by bringing about that person’s existence. The second notion fulfills the conditions of the weak person-affecting view (as introduced in  §1).