 Now on theories like those of Jansen and Bañez, the intrinsic efficacy of grace involves the determination of a person’s volition by an antecedent state of his or her mind, and this seems to conflict with the proposition that the volition is free. On Estius’s view, on the other hand, a person’s meritorious volition is determined not by an antecedent state of his or her mind, but rather by the will of God. Is this an improvement, with respect to explaining the compatibility of efficacious grace with free will? Arnauld says it is, “especially when we define free will, following St. Thomas, as a facultas ad opposita.”