 However, this still leaves awkward questions about philosophical knowledge, and reasoning more generally. Kant’s philosophical task is not just a matter of “compelling” sensibility and understanding to act as “witnesses”: reason stands before its own tribunal, too, and must give account of itself. (This metaphor is investigated by Stoddard 1988; Kant’s juridical and political metaphors are given a central philosophical role by Saner 1967 and O’Neill 1989.) When reason decides to act as judge and jury in its own case, how can we expect the results to stand up to scrutiny?