 As in the semantics considered in  sections 3  and 4, Monotonicity, Transitivity, and Contraposition fail in Adams’ semantics. Consider Transitivity: it is easy to construct models in which \(\Pr(B\mkern2mu|\mkern2muA)=1\), \(\Pr(C\mkern2mu|\mkern2muB)&gt;1-\delta\) for positive, but arbitrarily small \(\delta\), and yet \(\Pr(C\mkern2mu|\mkern2muA)=0\) (see  Fig. 3).