Most of these characterizations are not epistemic, and thus fall outside the scope of this entry. In context of this entry, it is important to note that most of these results aim at something different than the epistemic characterization which we are discussing in this section. Mostly developed in Computer Sciences, these logical languages have been used to verify properties of multi-agents systems, not to provide epistemic foundations to this solution concept. However, note that in recent years, a number of logical characterizations of Nash equilibrium do explicitly use epistemic concepts (see, for example, van Benthem et al. 2009; Lorini &amp; Schwarzentruber 2010).