According to an event-causal approach, agency is to be explained in terms of event-causal relations between agent-involving states and events.[11] On this view, actions are events, and an event is an action just in case it has the right event-causal history.[12] We may call this a reductive approach to agency, as it reduces the agent’s role in the exercise of agency to the causal roles of agent-involving states and events. Obviously, the standard theory belongs to this reductive event-causal framework, because it explains agency in terms of causation by the agent’s mental states and events.[13] (Proponents include Davidson 1963, 1971; Goldman 1970; Brand 1984; Bratman 1987; Dretske 1988; Bishop 1989; Mele 1992, 2003; Enç 2003.)