 As  (1)  illustrates, when a conversational implicature is false, the speaker’s statement is misleading. Barb’s utterance would nonetheless be linguistically flawless. Because [3c] is false, on the other hand, the use of  (3a)  to make a statement is infelicitous and improper as well as misleading. The truth of [3c] is a precondition of properly using  (3a)  to assert what it says. Conventional implicatures like [3c] are presuppositions in the non-technical sense in which the question “Have you cheated again?” presupposes that you cheated before. The question is inappropriate, and cannot be given a straight “Yes” or “No” answer, unless you did cheat before. For the same reason, the question Is the queen English and therefore brave? is improper; answering either “Yes” or “No” implies a connection between being English and  brave.[9]