 Among American men, there is a 14.6 year difference in life expectancy between the top 1% and the bottom 1% of the income distribution (Chetty et al. 2016). Among American women, the corresponding difference is 10.1 years. In a recent survey, 38.2% of U.S. respondents in the bottom third of the income distribution reported fair or poor health, compared to 21.4% of respondents in the middle third, and 12.3% of respondents in the top third (Hero, Zaslavsky, &amp; Blendon 2017). These disparities were reduced but not eliminated by adjustment for health insurance status.