 Since a distinguishing feature of philosophy is the use of the apodictic syllogism (burhan) because it is the only one that yields certain knowledge, not all syllogistic sciences can be considered parts of philosophy by Avempace. He enumerates four such non-philosophical arts: Dialectic relies only on opinion and negates or asserts something through methods of general acceptance. Sophistry aims at beings insofar as it misrepresents them and deceives us: it makes the false look true, and the true, false. And following the tradition initiated by the Greek commentators on Aristotle, Avempace includes Rhetoric and Poetics in logic (IB-taaliq: 28–29). These four arts use other kinds of syllogism but only to convince another, not to infer the truth, whereas philosophy causes man to convince another and to infer the truth for  himself.[10]