  The strategic structure of the logic of collective action is that of the n-prisoner’s dilemma (Hardin 1971, 1982a). If n is 2 and the two members are able to coordinate on whether they act together, there can be no free rider unless one of the members is de facto altruistic. As represented in Game 1, prisoner’s dilemma for two players is essentially the model of exchange (Hardin 1982b). Suppose that, in the status quo, I have a car and you have $5000 but that both of us would prefer to have what the other has. Of course, each of us would rather have the holdings of both of us: both the money and the car. The second best outcome for both of us would be for you to have my car in exchange for my having your money. The status quo is a worse state of affairs for both of us than that in which we succeed in exchanging. In the matrix, the outcomes are ordinally ranked from best (1) to worst (4) for each player. For example, the outcome (upper right cell) in which you yield the money and I keep the car is worst (4) for you as the Row player and best (1) for me as the Column player.