 Although directed against the Wittgensteinian-inspired view that reasons cannot be causes, Davidson’s argument nevertheless effectively redeploys a number of Wittgensteinian notions (see Stoutland 2011, for a sympathetic, but not uncritical, examination of the Davidsonian view of action from a largely Wittgensteinian perspective). Two ideas play an especially significant role in the Davidsonian account – ideas that are also, in one form or another, important in Davidson’s thinking elsewhere. The first of these ideas is the notion of a ‘primary reason’ – the pairing of a belief and a desire (or ‘pro-attitude’) in the light of which an action is explained. Thus, my action of flipping the light switch can be explained by reference to my having the belief that flipping the switch turns on the light in combination with my having the desire to turn on the light (for most explanations explicit reference to both the belief and the desire is unnecessary). An action is thus rendered intelligible through being embedded in a broader system of attitudes attributable to the agent – through being embedded, that is, in a broader framework of rationality. The second idea is that of action ‘under a description’ (a phrase originally appearing in G. E. M. Anscombe’s Intention, published in 1959). As with the concept of a primary reason the idea here is simple enough: one and the same action is always amenable to more than one correct description. This idea is especially important, however, as it provides a means by which the same item of behaviour can be understood as intentional under some descriptions but not under others. Thus my action of flipping the light switch can be redescribed as the act of turning on the light (under which it is intentional) and also as the act of alerting the prowler who, unbeknown to me, is lurking in the bushes outside (under which it is unintentional). Generalising this point we can say that the same event can be referred to under quite disparate descriptions: the event of alerting the prowler is the same event as my flipping the light switch which is the same event as my moving of my body (or a part of my body) in a certain way.