 How best to capture that narrative value in practice is a difficult question. For instance, in places that have a history of varied use (what some have called “layered landscapes”) how do we adjudicate among competing narratives (Hourdequin &amp; Havlick 2011, 2016)? Rather than the traditional “baseline problem” for ecological restoration, according to which any particular historical benchmark for returning a space to its “natural” state appears arbitrary (Lee, Hermans, &amp; Hale 2014), we are faced with the problem of deciding how a plurality of historical values ought to shape restoration and preservation efforts. Thus, in order to understand how best to preserve narrative value, it seems we will need independent standards for adjudicating among the value of competing narratives (McShane 2012). This is particularly important given the unequal distribution of power in crafting and promulgating historical narratives, which is liable to leave many place-narratives untold or unheard (McShane 2012: 60; Palmer 2011: 355–6).