 For these reasons, the fair equality of opportunity account places special importance on measures aimed at the equitable distribution of the risks of disease. Reduction in carbon emissions aimed at keeping the global temperature increases within a reasonable limit could reduce the chances of climate change increasing the risk of disease for all; even if the risk of disease to individuals is unequal from climate change, health inequities makes reducing carbon emissions like other public health measures. For example, some public-health measures, such as water and waste treatment, have the general effect of reducing risk. But historically, they have also had the effect of equalizing risk between socioeconomic classes and between groups living in different geographical areas. Similarly, many other environmental measures, such as recent clean air laws and pesticide regulations, have both general effects on risk reduction and specific effects on the distribution of risks. For example, pollutants emitted from smokestacks have a different effect on people who live downwind from those who live upwind. Gasoline lead emissions have greater effect on urban than rural populations. But other health-protection measures primarily have an effect on the distribution of risks: the regulation of workplace health hazards is perhaps the clearest example. Only some groups of workers are at risk from workplace hazards, though many workers face some risk or other, especially in manufacturing settings. Just health requires that stringent regulation in all of these ways must be part of the health-care system.