 These views, and their differences, can best be understood by considering the standard case in the literature, viz. Professor Procrastinate. Holly M. Smith (formerly Holly S. Goldman) provides the original version of this case in her (1978: 185–186) essay, and variations of it appear throughout the literature (Jackson &amp; Pargetter 1986: 235; Carlson 1995: 124; Vorobej 2000: 131–132; Portmore 2011: 180, 2019: ch. 5; Timmerman 2015: 1512; Timmerman &amp; Cohen 2016: 673–674; Cariani 2016: 400). 