 Because these are different questions of interest—seeking different kinds of answers—epistemologists have long debated which to take up first in epistemological theorizing. This methodological question is vexed, because it may seem as though we cannot begin to answer the first question without already having an answer to the second (viz., we can’t identify instances of knowledge absent knowledge of general criteria for identifying those instances), but we can’t know what the criteria are without reference to particular cases in connection with which we could then identify such criteria. According to Roderick Chisholm, the problem of resolving this prima facie tension—the “Problem of the Criterion”—constitutes