 Feminist philosophers have taken on the project of re-examining philosophic texts through the lens of gender, analyzing how particular thinkers’ philosophies often depend on the subjugation of women; for example, Rousseau’s idealized “Emile” is only possible through the supporting role of the idea of “Sophie”. Likewise, feminist pragmatists are examining the role of women and gender in the canon of pragmatist philosophy, particularly looking at the work of John Dewey, Charles Sanders Peirce, William James and George Herbert Mead. Pragmatism originated in a time when our culture was in the midst of enormous change in women’s roles, yet early century male pragmatists were often unaware of how gender biases affected knowledge and culture as well as their own ideas. Like many figures in the philosophical canon, at times they universalize the male perspective.  Yet, as we will see, pragmatism and feminism overlap in significant ways, and even in their critiques, feminists find value in these thinkers’ works.