 The third issue that must be dealt with in providing a formulation of theological voluntarism is that of the specification of the dependence relationship that holds between divine commands/intentions that A φ and the moral obligation of A to φ. There have been several options considered whose nature and merits are worth discussing here. On an analysis view, it is part of the meaning of ‘it is morally obligatory for A to φ’ that God commands/intends that A φ. On a reduction view, the state of affairs its being obligatory for A to φ is the state of affairs God’s commanding/intending that A φ. On a supervenience view, its being obligatory for A to φ supervenes on God’s commanding/intending that A φ. On a causal view, necessarily, its being obligatory for A to φ is caused by God’s commanding/intending that A φ, and necessarily, God’s commanding/intending that A φ causes it to be obligatory for A to φ.