 There are arguments against the coherence or applicability of rigidity for concrete-object designators (for discussion, see Fitch 2004, pp. 102–10), but here we find relative calm. As Hughes says, the position “that proper names are rigid, and that identity statements involving only proper names are accordingly necessarily true or necessarily false,” is “as close to uncontroversial as any interesting views in analytic philosophy” (2004, p. vii). 