 These are not meant to be necessary conditions on an act’s goodness, but Aquinas thinks they are required for a person’s actions to count as wholly praiseworthy. In contrast to the effortful calculations of a utilitarian striving to maximize the beneficial consequences of every act, he thinks moral goodness requires a dispositional stability in our underlying psychology. And given morality’s ultimate basis in Aquinas’s overarching theory of happiness, it should be no surprise that he thinks happiness, in this life, consists in our acting through these virtues (ST 1a2ae 5.5–6).