 In this debate, Reinach’s theory represents one extreme position (Reinach 1911a): according to him, all meaningful declarative sentences are directed towards states of affairs. True sentences (i.e., those sentences which express true propositions) refer to obtaining states of affairs, false ones to non-obtaining. States of affairs make propositions true or false: they are truth-makers and the corresponding propositions truth-bearers. Reinach does not elaborate on the truth-making relation, but an interesting account of this relation in terms of the principle of sufficient reason is developed by Pfänder in his Logic of 1921 (see also Mulligan 2008b).