 Forward Induction Suppose some player has deviated from her Backward Induction strategy as computed in pre-game deliberation. What are others to make of this? Answers offered in the literature range from interpreting the deviation as an error without any future implications (Aumann 1995) to treating it as significant in various ways (Bicchieri 1993). In the latter vein, the deviation could be a signal for cooperation (believable or not), a sign of limited resources, or it could reveal other relevant information about the player’s type.