 Brouwer remarks in the 1908 paper that the fact that PEM is not valid does not mean that it is false: \(\neg(A \vee \neg A)\) implies \(\neg A \wedge \neg \neg A\), a contradiction. In other words, \(\neg \neg(A \vee \neg A)\) is correct. Brouwer concludes that it is always consistent to use PEM but that it does not always lead to truths. In the latter case, the argument that appeals to PEM establishes not the truth, but the consistency of its conclusion. Brouwer proposes to divide the theorems that are usually considered as proved into the true and the non-contradictory ones (Brouwer 1908C: 7n.2 [van Atten &amp; Sundholm 2017: 44n.14]). That is not a suggestion that there are three truth values, true, non-contradictory, false; for a non-contradictory proposition might be proved one day and thereby become true.