 Kant’s conception of freedom has profound implications for the task of reconciling freedom with causal determinism. He maintains that all events, including human actions, are causally determined by antecedent events in accordance with empirical laws. But he also seeks to show that this does not rule out free will (A536–537/B564-565). On the contrary, one and the same event can be both “a mere effect of nature” but also an “effect of freedom” (A543/B571). Kant demonstrates this possibility by distinguishing between two different “worlds” and arguing that we belong to both. On the one hand, we belong to the “phenomenal” world, where all our actions can be explained in terms of antecedent events (whether physical or psychological). On the other hand, considered as a “thing in itself”, each of us belongs to the “noumenal” world, which is not subject to “the temporal order in accord with empirical laws” (A534/B562). We cannot know whether we belong to the noumenal world, but Kant’s theoretical philosophy secures room for this possibility, and his moral philosophy tries to show that when we become aware of morality’s categorical demands, we think of ourselves as members of this noumenal or “intelligible world” (G 4:457-58).