A related issue is whether actions are to be identified with the outcomes of causal processes or with the processes themselves. According to most versions of event-causal and agent-causal theories, an action is an event that is caused in the right way: the action is identical with or constituted by the outcome of that process.[19] According to process views, the action is either identical with or constituted by that process (Searle 1983; Dretske 1988; Wu 2011; see also Thompson 2008). This issue has also not received much attention. Again, this is mainly because it is widely assumed that this issue has little or no substantial bearing on more fundamental issues in the metaphysics of agency and on debates outside the philosophy of action.[20]