  P1 will be denied by an orthodox representationalist. Setting a controversial skepticism about testimony aside, presumably one can know on the basis of testimony that tomatoes look red to many people. (See Shoemaker 1982, 334.) So, since orthodox representationalism equates \(Q_{R}\) with the property of being an experience of something’s looking red, one may know on the basis of testimony that when others look at tomatoes, their experiences have \(Q_{R}\).