 One natural line of reply to this sort of counterexample to Swain’s theory would be to further specify the sorts of changes in one’s epistemic situation that are consistent with pseudo-overdetermination. For example, perhaps the student in the above example would have to engage in further reasoning, inferring the length of the pendulum from her two general beliefs about pendulums and her belief about the period of the pendulum. If such additional inferences could be ruled out as being unwarranted changes in the student’s epistemic situation, then the student’s belief about the period would not pseudo-overdetermine her belief about the length of the pendulum.