  Karaca (2013) points out that a crude theory-observation distinction is particularly unhelpful in understanding high-energy physics experiments. It fails to capture the complexity of relevant theoretical structures and their relation to experimental data. Theoretical structures can be composed of background, model, and phenomenological theories. Background theories are very general theories (e.g. quantum field theory or quantum electrodynamics) that define the general properties of physical particles and their interactions. Models are specific instances of background theories that define particular particles and their properties. While phenomenological theories develop testable predictions based on these models.