 Perhaps the most controversial form of assisted reproduction is so-called “surrogate” motherhood or contract pregnancy. Such arrangements can take many forms, but the most widely discussed involves two parties, a contracting couple and a “surrogate” or gestational mother. The gestational mother carries a child derived from the gametes of one or both members of the contracting couple and agrees to give the child over to the couple after birth. Surrogacy is now regulated in most countries. Commercial surrogacy is widely, although not universally, illegal, driving an increase in international surrogacy. Many more jurisdictions permit so-called “altruistic” surrogacy, which does not involve paying the surrogate mother over and above compensating her for direct costs.