 This interpretation of the false promising case leads naturally to the view that a sufficient condition for an agent’s treating another merely as a means is that it is logically impossible for the other to share the end the agent is pursuing in using her in some way. However, this proposed sufficient condition might fail to register as treating others merely as means paradigmatic cases of doing so (Kerstein 2009: 167–168). Take, for example, a loiterer who threatens an innocent passerby with a gun in order to get $100. It would presumably be good if a sufficient condition for treating another merely as a means yielded the conclusion that the loiterer is treating the passerby merely as a means; for he is mugging her, which, intuitively speaking, seems to be a clear case of treating another merely as a means. One might question whether the proposed sufficient condition does this. Even highly unlikely events are logically possible. It is improbable, but still logically possible, that the passerby shares the loiterer’s end of his getting $100, one might argue. For example, the passerby might aim to give $100 to the loiterer, but not recognize him when he threatens her and so hand over her money to him as a result of his threat. If this possibility is realized, then the account would not count the loiterer as treating the passerby merely as a means. One might also argue that in the case of the false promise, it is improbable, but still logically possible, that the lender loans money to a borrower (and thereby believes that it will be repaid), all the while sharing the borrower’s end that she get money from him (the lender) without paying it back. For example, the lender might believe that the borrower will pay him back, but share her end of her getting money from him without repaying it because he believes that if she does, she will bring about something he covets, namely, the demise of her reputation. Some philosophers insist, however, that this sort of scenario is not logically possible; for in order to be making a loan to another, a person must not only believe that his money will be repaid, but want and hope that it will be (Papadaki 2016: 78), they say. If these philosophers’ views are plausible, the proposed sufficient condition in view would deem as instances of treating others merely as means a range of actions many envisage as such.