 Sapaṇ argues that Disciples’ vows (i.e., monastic vows) last until death (when one’s body dies), whereas the bodhisattva vows last beyond death, through subsequent rebirths—as long as one’s mind persists. A counter-argument proposes that, if the altruistic intention is in place when they are recited, the Disciples’ vows should also continue for as long as one’s mind  persists.[13]  In reply, Sapaṇ says that this contradicts authoritative texts that distinguish between the different rites and rules for upholding the Disciples’ and Great Vehicle  vows.[14]  Furthermore, he says, if monastic vows lasted from life to life, then gods and babies who were reborn from the mental continua of deceased monks would still be monks. Yet not only are such beings violating the rules of monkhood all the time, they are expressly forbidden from becoming monks! Here we see a widespread mixture of practices leading to an unacceptable doctrinal confusion.