  One objection to the view described in the previous paragraph is that it is unduly conservative. What justifies criminalizing a wrong—on that view—is that the wrong has a pre-existing foothold in the defining values of the community: it is because of that foothold that failing to criminalize would be a form of self-betrayal.  Some communities, however, are characterised by systematic neglect of important values—by patriarchy, or racism, or distributive inequality. When this is so, part of the justification for criminalization is not that it helps the community remain true to itself, but that it helps transform the community by reconstituting it in valuable ways (Dempsey 2009; 2011). One source of criminal law’s value, on this alternative view, is its ability to help alter social morality, such that neglected values come to be taken seriously by community members (Green 2013a). Where this is successful, criminal law can largely disappear from members’ motivational horizons: we come to refrain from conduct for the moral reasons that make it wrong, without reference to the fact that the conduct is criminal.