 How does one judge such claims and disputes? Minimally, more empirical information about the example is needed. Is the fungus a continuous biological structure? Does it have a determinate growth pattern? Can it reproduce? But this empirical information alone doesn’t settle the matter. One must also draw on antecedent concepts of organism and biological individual. The empirical information, in turn, also allows one to fine-tune, amend, or challenge those antecedent concepts, better so than would common sense reflection alone. For example, if the humungous fungus is not an organism but some other sort of biological individual, which empirical considerations motivate this distinction?