 Avicenna’s logic is indebted first and foremost to Aristotle—the First Teacher (al-muʿallim al-awwal)—and the works of the Organon: the Categories (Maqūlāt), On Interpretation (ʿIbāra), the Prior Analytics (Anūlūṭīqā ūlā or Qiyās), the Posterior Analytics (Anūlūṭīqā ṯāniya or Burhān), the Topics (Ṭūbīqā or Ğadal), and the Sophistical Refutations (Sūfisṭīqā or Muġālaṭa). As noted above, the Arabic Organon included Porphyry’s Isagoge (Īsāġūğī or Madḫal) as well as Aristotle’s Rhetoric (Ḫiṭāba) and Poetics (Šiʿr).