 In her popular introductory textbook, Cynthia Freeland (2001) observed that Dewey held that art is the best window to another culture, that it is a universal language, and that we should try to experience another culture as from within since barriers and prejudices can melt away when we enter into the spirit of another culture’s art. Although this universalism seems similar to Clive Bell’s formalism, Freeland noted that for Dewey art is defined not as form but as expression of the life of a community. She thought, however, that we must also know many external facts about the community, and that we must recognize that no culture is homogeneous: there may not be one viewpoint in a culture. She also gave a positive nod to Dewey’s call for a revolution in which the values leading to intelligent enjoyment of art are incorporated into our social relations. Finally, she classified Dewey’s aesthetics as a cognitive theory since it focuses on art’s role in helping people to perceive and manipulate reality. Thus she found continuity between Dewey’s and Goodman’s approaches to art as a kind of language.