 Consider Rawls’s discussion of the guarantee of equal liberties under the first principle of justice. This principle covers two types of liberties, personal liberties and political liberties. Under this principle, each person is entitled to liberties of both kinds as a basic right. But Rawls goes further to argue that political liberties must be assured their “fair value” (1999a, 243). This means that chances to hold office and to exercise political influence must be independent of socio-economic position. Otherwise, “political power rapidly accumulates and becomes unequal” (1999a, 199). To preserve fair value, Rawls does not follow Aristotle’s strategy of making political participation a requirement of all citizens. Yet he shares with Aristotle the view that the guarantee of fair value has the aim of promoting and sustaining citizens’ common status as equal citizens (1999a, 205–206). Moreover, Rawls agrees with Mill that political participation contributes to the moral development of citizens. As noted in Section 3.4 above, when praising Athenian democracy, Mill writes that when a citizen participates in public deliberation, “he is called upon … to weigh interests not his own, to be guided, in case of conflicting claims by another rule than his private partialities; to apply at every turn principles and maxims which have for their reason of existence the general good … . He is made to feel himself one of the public, and whatever is their interest to be his interest” (1991, 79). The guarantee of political liberty both strengthens citizens’ sense of their own value and enlarges their moral sensibilities.