 We have already mentioned Pepper’s objection that Dewey’s theory is not sufficiently pragmatic (Pepper 1939). His specific objection was that Dewey’s views were eclectic, incorporating elements both of pragmatism and of Hegelian organicism. Pepper believed that both theories, as well as formalism, can be valuable when taken separately, but that the mixture in Dewey hurts pragmatism. Pepper identified organicism with the view that the ultimate reality is The Absolute. Dewey replied (1939) that he had based his aesthetic theory on examination of the subject-matter and not on any a priori theory. Words he used, such as “coherence”, “whole”, “integration”, and “complete”, were intended to have meaning consistent with his pragmatic empiricism and did not by themselves indicate a commitment to idealism. Moreover, it was one of his main points that although these terms were applicable to aesthetic matters they could not, contra the idealists, be extended to the world as a whole. The terms had a special sense applying only to experiences as aesthetic. Dewey rejected any theory of a great cosmic harmony associated with the Hegelian notion of the Absolute.