 If there is no appearance/reality distinction applicable to pain, then it seems that one cannot be mistaken about one’s beliefs about one’s pain formed on the basis of feeling pain in the way one can be mistaken about the existence and properties of the apple one sees. In the latter case, appearances can be misleading precisely because the perceptual appearance of an apple might not correspond to what the apple is like in reality. In apparent contrast to pain, normal exteroception always involves the possibility of misperception, and thus miscategorization (that is, misapplication of concepts to the objects of exteroception).  Even with a healthy dose of skepticism about whether pain experiences (or, sensations in general) always exhibit these features, it is clear that the strong and robust (almost definitional) association of these features with pain experiences suffice to make pains puzzling and problematic — as we will see shortly.  