 There is one other important, required clarification of the restricted version of CP. “Justified belief” is ambiguous. It could be used to refer to a species of actually held beliefs—namely, those actually held beliefs of S that are justified. Or it could refer to propositions that S is justified in believing—regardless of whether S does indeed believe them. Following Roderick Firth, the distinction between actually held justified beliefs and propositions one is justified in believing, regardless of whether they are actually believed, is often marked by distinguishing between doxastic and propositional justification (see Firth 1978). If CP is to be acceptable, “justified in believing” in the consequent must be used so as to refer to propositional justification for a reason already cited, i.e., that Closure does not hold for belief. In other words, one of S’s actual beliefs, p, might be justified and S still fail to believe some proposition that is entailed by  p.[6]