 To the definitions just mentioned, we should add the usage facts about how “causation” is used in resolving the problems that arise in particular cases. This allows one to compare the explicit legal definitions of causation that we have just surveyed with the concept of causation implicit in the decided cases. It also allows philosophers to compare their favored resolutions of various causal conundrums with the resolutions of those same conundrums by people who have no philosophical axes to grind but whose deliberations carry real world consequences with them, i.e., judges. (As J.L. Austin (1957) said, philosophers may have as much to learn from lawyers on such issues as causation, as lawyers do from philosophers.) With considerable selectivity, some simplification, and little claim to completeness, fifteen facts are below selected as salient in the legal usage of the concept of causation.