 As Hawley notes, there’s a second step to Undermining, since merely establishing that the metaphysics implied by the traditional interpretation of a scientific hypothesis isn’t essential to the scientific theory, doesn’t establish that the metaphysics with which we would seek to replace the scientific metaphysics is preferable. We need to do more than show that the metaphysics implied by traditional interpretation and the metaphysics that we prefer are on a par. We need to show that the “metaphysically-supported” metaphysics is on a stronger footing than the “scientifically-supported” metaphysics.