 Mally did not only read !A as “it ought to be the case that A.” Because a person’s willing that a given state of affairs A be the case is often expressed by sentences of the form “A ought to be the case” (for example, someone might say “it ought to be the case that I am rich and famous” to indicate that she wants to be rich and famous), he also read !A as “A is desirable” or “I want it to be the case that A.” As a result, his formal system was as much a theory about Wollen (willing) as a theory about Sollen (ought to be the case). This explains the subtitle of his book. In modern deontic logic, the basic deontic connective O is seldom read in this way.