The most well-known illustration of this is through the comparison of two apparently contradictory results regarding the consequences of assuming rationality and common knowledge of rationality in extensive games. Aumann (1995) showed that this epistemic condition implies that the players will play according to the backward induction solution while Stalnaker (1998) argued that this is not necessarily true. The crucial difference between these two results is the way in which they model the players’ belief change upon (hypothetically) learning that an opponent has deviated from the backward induction path.