 Some theorists claim that “classical liberalism”, a term often used to refer to our three neoliberals, is fundamentally utilitarian in its understanding of the basis for social order (Freeman 2011:  25).[4]  However, Buchanan (1975) is an avowed contractarian and rejects utilitarianism because it requires aggregating personal values in ways Buchanan thinks impossible or inappropriate. While many characterize Friedman (1974a [2017: 72]) as a utilitarian, he says that “I myself have never accepted utilitarianism”. Friedman’s defense of the free market as maximizing utility was never meant to imply that people lacked basic rights that might forbid utility maximization in some cases. Friedman focuses on utility-based considerations because he thinks they have universal appeal. Hayek (1988: 69) not only rejects utilitarianism, he rejects the broader class of consequentialist theories of social order: he rejects any demand for justification where morality is grounded in its production of some particular goal, like happiness. Hayek (1978: 132) is better described as a contractarian.