 8. There is also a complex pattern of liability for a harm in multiple cause cases involving double preventions rather than actions or omissions, and this pattern of liability is different yet again than it is in cases of actions or omissions: First there is liability in ordinary, garden-variety, concurrent double-prevention cases just as there is for actions and omissions. Second, there is predominantly (but not universally) no liability for the overdetermination variety of concurrent double-preventions—this is universally true where one of the doubly-preventative acts sufficient for the occurrence of the harm is a natural event, not a culpable human action, and it is predominantly true where all doubly-preventative acts sufficient for the occurrence of the harm are the actions of culpable human actors (Moore 2009a: 466–467). Third, unlike in omission cases, there is such a thing as a pre-emptive double prevention case; in such cases, there is liability for the pre-empting double prevention but not for the pre-empted action that would otherwise have been a double prevention (Moore 2011b).