  SBF is strongly revisionist with respect to the ordinary concept of belief (but see Helton (forthcoming) for a similarly spirited but less revisionist   view).[13] Notwithstanding this, the central line of debate about SBF’s account of implicit bias—as well as about belief-based accounts of implicit social cognition generally—focuses on the fact that people’s performance on implicit measures is sometimes unresponsive to the kinds of reinforcement learning based interventions that ought to affect associative processes and/or states; meanwhile, performance on implicit measures sometimes appears to be responsive to the kinds of logical and persuasion based interventions thought to affect doxastic states (e.g., de Houwer 2009, 2014; Hu et al. 2017; Mann &amp; Ferguson 2017; Van Dessel et al. 2018; for additional discussion see Mandelbaum 2013, 2016; Gawronski et al. 2017; Brownstein et al. 2019). Caution is needed in drawing strong conclusions about cognitive structure from these behavioral data, however (Levy 2015; Madva 2016c; Byrd forthcoming; Brownstein et al 2019). As noted above (§1.2), implicit measures are not process-pure. Modeling technique for disentangling the multiple causal contributions to performance on implicit measures may help to move these debates forward (e.g., Conrey et al. 2005; Hütter &amp; Sweldens 2018).