 This entry provides an overview of some of the core concepts and practices of contemporary climate science, along with philosophical work that engages with them. Thus far, most of this philosophical work has focused on the epistemology of climate modeling and closely-related topics.  Section 2  introduces a few basic concepts: climate system, climate and climate change.  Section 3  turns to climate data, highlighting some of the complexities and challenges that arise when producing three important types of climate dataset.  Section 4  focuses on climate modeling, briefly describing some of the main types of climate model employed today and then considering in more detail the construction, use and evaluation of complex global climate models. Finally,  Section 5  discusses research in climate science that addresses the issue of anthropogenic climate change, as well as several recent controversies related to this research; it also provides some pointers to the large literature that has emerged on ethics and climate change.