 The Vaiśeṣika-sūtra (VS 3.1.10–11) and the Nyāya-sūtra (NS 1.2.4–9) name kinds of specious reasons (hetvābhāsa), but give neither examples nor explanations of what they are. Three kinds are listed, and even briefly discussed, in the Caraka-saṃhitā (CS 3.8.57). The Fāng biàn xīn lùn merely lists eight kinds. Three kinds are exemplified and briefly discussed both in the Vāda-vidhi and in the Rúshí lùn. (See Randle 1930 ch. 3.5 and Solomon 1976 ch. 7.)