 While Indian traditions are often cited as sources of pacifism, it is also important to note that pacifism and nonviolence can be found in Islamic traditions and in African religious and philosophical traditions.  Ramin Jahanbegloo (2017) argues, for example, that Islam (whose root is salaam, which means peace) includes a rich conversation about violence and peace.  In the South Asian context of the 20th Century, Muslims such as Maulana Abul Kalam Azad and Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan joined Gandhi in affirming the power of nonviolence.  African thought includes the influence of Christianity and Islam; and Gandhi was also at work in South Africa, where we might also note the work of Nelson Mandela and Archbishop Desmond Tutu.  While Tutu works in the Christian tradition, we also see an emphasis on nonviolence in indigenous African contexts.  Gail Presbey has traced out numerous examples of this, including the way that nonviolence is related to concepts such as ubuntu (Presbey 2017).