 However, even if such externalist strategies, either Fodor’s or teleosemantic ones, were to save intentionality and meaning, they would do so only by forsaking the high hopes we noted in §2 philosophers harbored for the analytic. For externalists are typically committed to counting expressions as “synonymous” if they happen to be linked in the right way to the same external phenomena, even if a thinker couldn’t realize that they are by a priori (or, at any rate, “armchair”) reflection alone. By at least the Fregean substitution criterion (§1.2), they would seem to be committed to counting as “analytic” many patently empirical sentences as “Water is H2O,” “Salt is NaCl” or “Mark Twain is Samuel Clemens,” since in each of these cases, something may co-vary in the relevant way with tokenings of the expression on one side of the identity if and only if it co-varies with tokenings of the one on the other (similar problems and others arise for teleosemantics; see Fodor 1990b, pp. 72–73).