 As well, Fanon’s well-known essay from 1956 “Racism and Culture” (“Racisme et culture”) re-engages the question of blackness and argues for a deep, abiding connection between anti-blackness and cultural formation more broadly. The essay, delivered at one of the most important gatherings in the history of black Atlantic thought, the 1956 Congress of Negro Writers and Artists, de-links racism from the psyche and the interpersonal, lodging racism instead inside the very workings of culture. Fanon’s contribution to the 1956 Congress broke from the emphasis on Négritude and Négritude thinking at that meeting, and his reflections are noteworthy for that reason alone. Against the emphasis on racial quasi-essentialism, “Racism and Culture” examines how anti-Black racism is part of the structure and function of culture, rather than identifying blackness as an inherent site of resistance. Fanon writes that racism 