 Philosophers have identified and debated several meanings of “privacy” deployed in medical contexts. Respect for recognized forms of privacy —informational  (Section 1),  physical  (Section 2),  associational  (Section 3),  proprietary  (Section 4)  and decisional  (Section 5)—is  an ideal of biomedical ethics for the conduct of clinical research and administrative practices relating to physical and behavioral health. There is wide philosophical consensus about the importance of medical confidentiality, modesty and bodily integrity in all health settings; but substantial philosophical disagreement about the limits of personal autonomy or individual choice in fields relating to contagious diseases, human reproduction and genetics. Recently, sharing medical information with family friends and the general public voluntarily has supplanted norms of secrecy prompted by shame and stigma. Moreover, voluntarily sharing medical data is widely encouraged by researchers and officials to promote public health and precision medicine. As digital medical data technologies, mobile health care apps, telemedicine, public health surveillance, and brain imaging technologies expand, the range and complexity of important privacy questions in medicine will also expand. 