 The materialist Cārvāka-s maintain that consciousness emerges from the four basic material elements – earth, water, fire and air combined in the right proportion, though none of these material elements possesses consciousness. It is like emergence of red colour from the chewing of beetle-nut and certain other ingredients, none of which contains red colour; or like emergence of water from hydrogen and oxygen molecules. Consciousness, according to the Cārvāka-s, is a quality of the body and self to them is nothing but a conscious body. Major interpreters of the Cārvāka philosophy brand this emergentist view as reductionist. but Ganeri (2012) sees a possibility of interpreting this view as a kind of non-reductive supervenience which entails that ‘a full inventory of reality must include both the supervenience base and all that is emergent, irreducibly supervenient, upon it’ (pp.30–31). 