 It is worth noting two other responses beyond the standard one that a deflationist might make to the reasoning just set out. The first option is to deny the step from P1 to C1. This inference involves the explicit introduction of the property of being true, and, as we have seen, some deflationists deny that there is a truth property at all (cf. Quine 1970 [1986], Grover, et al. 1975, Leeds 1978, Brandom 1994). But, as we noted above, the idea that there is no truth property may be difficult to sustain given the apparent fact that ‘is true’ functions grammatically as a predicate.