 In Avicenna’s metaphysics necessity pervades everything, so that we should agree with Averroes’ view that for him “all [actions] are necessary by  nature”,[4]  (LC 66M). Averroes affirms contingency and points out that Prime Matter is prepared to receive two contraries in the same way but that efficient causes act differently. Any contingent action does not correspond with two efficient causes “contrary in the same way and at all the time”. Averroes objects that if any efficient cause would equally act or not act, then the whole of Nature would act without any rule, that is, in vain, ociose, a result that neither Aristotle nor Averroes accept. The following quotation illustrates Averroes’ thought: