 The point is that it is only a contingent fact about the English language that the particular sequence of symbols and associated sounds “the earth is round” mean in English that the earth is round. (Compare Church’s summary of his argument where he says that it is designed to “dispel any remnants of an illusion that there is something in some way necessary or transparent about the connection between a word or sentence and its meaning, whereas, of course, this connection is entirely artificial and arbitrary” (1951a [BE: 294]).) Moreover, this additional factual information is needed to infer (2) from (3). For example, the language might have developed in such a way that “round” and “square” were interchanged, so that to say “the earth is square” in this version of English is to say that the earth is round. Note that the following would nonetheless be true in this new version of English: