 The longest section in the testimony chapter and indeed in the entirety of the Jewel is devoted to lakṣaṇā, which is a second mode of meaning dependent on the first or primary called “denotation,” abhidhāna, i.e. reference. Nyāya-sutra 2.2.62 gives about a dozen examples of semantic transference, for example, “The stands are shouting,” where it is not the stands but the people in them who are shouting. And with “Usher in the sticks,” it is ascetics who carry walking sticks who are to be ushered in. In this example, the primary, denotative meaning is not entirely transferred since the ascetics would carry their sticks in with them into the dining room, it is presumed. The most common example in the Jewel is “The village is in-the-Gaṅgā,” where we understand the village to be on the river’s bank (the indicated) because we know that no village is actually built in the Gaṅgā, which is very deep.