 The argument for reduction from metaphysical supervenience can, however, be prosecuted within frameworks that reject Jackson’s and Brown’s core assumptions. Consider two examples. First, one might deny that necessary coextension entails identity, but nonetheless argue that the best explanation of ethical supervenience is a grounding relation that suffices to ensure that ethical properties are identical to some of the base properties (Bader 2017). Second, you might deny that reduction requires identity. Of course, identifying non-obvious identities is a powerful model of reduction. For example, a standard way of characterizing the physicalistic reduction of heat is that the heat in a volume of gas is identical to the mean molecular kinetic energy of that volume of gas, which is a physical property. However, there is no consensus concerning how to understand reduction as a metaphysical relation (for a taste of the controversy, see McPherson 2015, §3, and the entry on  scientific reduction  and the discussion of reduction in the entry on  David Lewis).