 The idea is that we can wield insights of biochemistry, pathology, and evolutionary biology to together yield an objective means of ‘reading’ nature to tell us which states are pathological or diseased states, without the interference of messy and culturally rooted/biased evaluations. One line of rebuttal is that there is no principled way of objectively choosing a reference class against which to judge that a given part or process is falling short (my blood sugar levels are objectively too high compared to…what exactly?) (Kingma 2014). Even if that problem is resolvable, Krueger argues that an objective set of criteria for defining states as pathological or not would be a very limited accomplishment. Knowing that my blood sugar levels are objectively pathological does not really tell me much about what, if anything, I or my physician ought to do about that (Krueger 2015).