 These counterexamples to interventionism have stimulated alternative accounts like Hiddleston’s (2005) minimal network analysis and further developments of that analysis (Rips 2010; Rips &amp; Edwards 2013; Fisher 2017b). Instead of modifying an existing network to make the antecedent true, this analysis considers alternate networks where only the parent nodes of the antecedent which directly influence it are changed to make the antecedent come true. However, Pearl’s (2009) interventionist analysis has also been incorporated into the extended structural models analysis (Lucas &amp; Kemp 2015). This analysis aims to capture interventions as a special case of a more general proposal about how antecedents are made true. One important aspect of this proposal is that interventions often involve inserting a hidden node that amounts to an unknown cause of the antecedent. The analysis of Snider and Bjorndahl (2015) pursues a third idea: counterfactuals are not interpreted by manipulating a background network, but instead serve to constrain the class of possible networks compatible with the information shared in a conversation, as in Stalnaker’s (1978) theory of  assertion.[44]  Among these relations can be cause-to-effect networks as in  (45d),  but also networks that involve the antecedent and consequent having a common cause, as in  (48c).  As should be clear, this is a rapidly developing area of research where it is not possible to identify one analysis as standard or representative. It does bear emphasizing that this literature is driven not only by precise formal models, but also by experimental data which is brought to bear on the predictions of these analyses.