   Their proposal, the “Adaptationism Project”, involves assembling specific kinds of analyses of traits in order to assess the relative frequency and importance of natural selection across the biological realm. In order to contribute to the ensemble test, an analysis must include an assessment of the quantitative fit of the optimality model and of the within-population heterogeneity of fit to the predictions (see below and Orzack and Sober 1994a for why these assessments are required). At present, there are very few trait analyses that contain these elements; after an extensive literature review, Orzack and Sober identified only Brockmann and Dawkins (1979), Brockmann et al. (1979), Orzack and Parker (1990), and Orzack et al. (1991) as analyses that contain the required assessments.