This assumes, of course, that M is finitely axiomatized. But how can we apply (C) in the case of mathematical theories that are not finitely axiomatizable (such as Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory)? In this case, we cannot make the conjunction of all the axioms of the theory, since there are infinitely many of them. Field has addressed this issue, and he initially suggested that the mathematical fictionalist could use substitutional quantification to express these infinite conjunctions (Field 1984). In a postscript to the revised version of this essay (Field 1989, pp. 119–120), he notes that substitutional quantification can be avoided, provided that the mathematical and physical theories in question are expressed in a logic for which compactness holds. For in this case, the consistency of the whole theory is reduced to the consistency of each of its finite conjunctions.