 A number of studies have found a positive correlation between exposure to violent pornographic images (for example, of rape, bondage, molestation involving weapons and mutilation) and positive reactions to rape and other forms of violence against women. Studies suggest, among other things, that exposure to violent pornography can significantly enhance a subject’s arousal in response to the portrayal of rape, that exposure to films that depict sexual violence against women can act as a stimulus for aggressive acts against women, and that prolonged exposure to degrading pornography (of a violent or non-violent sort) leads to increased callousness towards victims of sexual violence, a greater acceptance of “rape-myths” (for example, that women enjoy rape and do not mean no when they say “no”), a greater likelihood of having rape-fantasies, and a greater likelihood of reporting that one would rape women or force women into unwanted sex acts if there was no chance of being caught. Skeptics, however, argue that existing studies have serious limitations and flaws (Altman 2018) and point to countries such as Japan that have low reported rates of sexual assault but high rates of pornography consumption as evidence that the connection between pornography consumption and sexual violence is weak (Strossen 1995).