 Critics of utilitarianism have responded that this reliance on the empirical conditions turning out a particular way undermines the plausibility of utilitarianism as a moral theory. They argue that we do not have to wait until we find out how strong the racist feelings are, how many are in the adversely affected racial minority, how many racists there are, etc. to know that racist policies are wrong. It is argued that given utilitarianism says that we do need to know these numbers in order to know when, if ever, racist policies are wrong, utilitarianism fails to adequately capture our moral judgments. Utilitarians respond that if their theory on rare occasions does require people to sacrifice or suffer in these or other ways, the unintuitiveness of this consequence is a result of our contrary moral judgments about right and wrong, which are fallible. For many utilitarians, commonsense moral judgments are best understood as providing us with ‘rules of thumb’ which are useful at the level of commonsense morality but can ultimately be mistaken at the level of ‘critical theory’.