  An important example the first kind is what Vaihinger calls the “abstractive” or “neglective” fiction (PAO, 14–17, 140–41). Such fictions are roughly what we have in mind today when we speak of ‘idealized models’ (contemporary philosophers of science sometimes distinguish further between “Aristotelian” and “Galilean” methods of idealization. See the article on Models in Science. Vaihinger does not clearly distinguish these). A standard example is the model of the planetary system given in classical mechanics: