 A different way to draw the distinction, not hinted at by Beardsley but perhaps acceptable to him, would be in terms of the nature of the inferential relation between (1) and (2). (1) doesn’t entail (2), but, as Beardsley admits, it does provide inductive support for (2). (1) may or may not be criterial evidence for (2), however. What this last claim means can be made clearer by an analogy with W.D Ross’s theory of ethical reasoning.