 Communicative intention  Communicative intention is what characterizes, an action as communicative. Following Grice’s definition of M(eaning)-intention, it is widely agreed that communicative intentions have three particular properties: (i) it is perlocutionary, that is, it is an intention that seeks a mental effect (certain belief(s) or intention(s)) on the part of the addressee; (ii) it is overt, that is, the speaker wants the addressee to recognize her communicative intention; and (iii) the satisfaction of a communicative intention consists precisely in its recognition by the addressee. Communicative intentions need not be carried out by linguistic means (see Clark 2003). In human linguistic communication planning and inference processes have a role at least as important as coding and decoding processes. The speaker plans her speech act according to her communicative intention; the addressee uses, among other sources, the information decoded to infer (recognize) the speaker’s communicative intention.