  There are cosmologists who, like Einstein, are favourably disposed  towards some version of Mach’s Principle, and who believe that the  local laws, which are satisfied by various physical fields, are  determined by the large scale structure of the universe. On the other hand, there are those cosmologists who, like Weyl, take a  conservative approach; they take empirically confirmed local  laws and investigate what these laws might imply about the  universe as a whole. Our understanding of the large scale structure  of the universe, Weyl emphasized, must be based on theories and  principles which are verified locally. Einstein’s general theory is a local field theory; like electromagnetism, it is a close action theory.[81]  Weyl (1924b) says: 