 In what follows, the Critique of Pure Reason is cited by the usual A/B method; other references are to Kants gesammelte Schriften (via “Ak” [for Akademie edition] followed by volume and page number). The Leibniz-Clarke correspondence is cited by referring to author-letter-section (e.g., L 3:1 refers to the first section of Leibniz’s third letter). All translations are by the author of this entry, unless otherwise noted. The following convention is adopted: concepts are referred to by using brackets; e.g., the concept gold is referred to by &lt;gold&gt;. By contrast, we employ ‘gold’ to refer to the word.