  Singer has defended his arguments about beneficence, with a somewhat sympathetic response to Murphy. Singer seems concerned with which social conditions will motivate people to give, rather than with attempting to determine obligations of beneficence with precision. He responds to critics such as Murphy by conceding that perhaps the limit we should publicly advocate as a level of giving is no more than a person’s fair share of what is needed to relieve poverty and the like. Unless we draw the line here, we might not be able to motivate people to give at all. A fair share seems to be a lower threshold of one’s obligations than the obligations Singer originally envisaged, but more realistic. The emphasis on motivation is presumably intended to provide a more subtle and convincing approach to increasing charitable donations even though the nature and limits of beneficence should be set by his utilitarian moral theory, as he has always proposed.