 There now exists a considerable historiographical literature advancing this new interpretation, including studies of Machiavelli (Skinner 1983, 1984; Viroli 1998), the seventeenth-century English republicans (Dzelzainis 1995; Skinner 1998, 2000; Lovett 2005, 2012a, 2020); Rousseau (Viroli 1998); many Americans of the founding era (Sellers 1994); Wollstonecraft (Coffee 2012; Halldenius 2015); some of the French revolutionaries (Hammersley (2010); and the nineteenth-century American labor republicans (Gourevitch 2015). These and other contemporary civic republicans argue that a careful reading of the classical republican texts firmly rejects the perfectionist interpretation favored by civic humanists.