 Direct knowledge is often associated with perception and it is this, as we have just seen, that so many philosophers have rejected in association with other minds. While our knowledge of the world of things around us is taken to come about through perception, it has been thought that knowledge of another’s mind cannot come about by this  means.[3]  Nonetheless, we find Nathalie Duddington writing, “My object in the present paper is to maintain that our knowledge of other minds is as direct and immediate as our knowledge of physical things” (1919: 147). It is not at all clear that philosophers at the time paid much attention to this very interesting paper, but philosophers today have found in Duddington’s work a precursor for an idea that has come to be taken very seriously—at least in some  circles.[4]