 Nor is Perry’s doxastic change aptly described as coming to believe that John Perry is making a mess. For one thing, we can build a version of the case in which Perry already believed that too, but, not realizing that he was John Perry, still tried to chase John Perry around the supermarket to tell him he was making a mess. For another, everybody else in the supermarket could have believed that John Perry was making a mess, without any of them engaging in that distinctive sort of embarrassed cart-rearranging. So that belief also doesn’t look like it explains Perry’s change in behavior. (At least, not by marking off a doxastic state that tends to give rise—against a typical background of desires and other beliefs—to that sort of behavior.)