 Though the types of models we have just discussed have an important place in the conservation biology and its history, it has become an explicitly socio-ecological discipline in which sophisticated computational tools are used for the purpose of designing conservation area networks (see entry on  social choice theory).  From work involving population genetics and ecology for population viability analysis and the equilibrium model of MacArthur and Wilson, with the associated SLOSS debate, we see a discipline transformed. Work on the genetics of inbreeding, habitat fragmentation, metapopulation dynamics, and so on continues but in the guise of something more social; namely, systematic conservation planning (SCP) (Margules &amp; Pressey 2000; Margules &amp; Sarkar 2007; Watson et al. 2011). SCP involves a variety of steps including the following: