 Still, some elements of the requirement of informed consent must remain in place, even in standard blood draws and other benign interventions (Dickert et al. forthcoming). Physical duress against a refusing patient and the intentional exploitation of a patient’s ignorance about blood draws both usually remain wrong. This may suggest that informed consent bundles together several requirements with different levels of stringency. Some are necessary in more contexts than others. It may also be thought to substantiate other theories on the ground for informed consent. For example, above we mentioned the view that informed consent is necessary as a preventative bulwark against coercive or fraudulent practices. But on that view, any exception for benign interventions might be impossible, since these interventions would be just as coercive or fraudulent as invasive ones. Thus, if sometimes it is correct for benign studies not to require informed consent, this calls this view into question. 