 Broadbent (2019) has a value-independent account, but it is also avowedly anti-realist about disease and so can be treated here. Broadbent calls his view of disease subjective but he has a different way of dealing with the problem of specifying the human response that is characteristic of disease judgments. His theory is that health and disease are secondary qualities like color “that depends on, or perhaps is partly constituted by, the dispositions of observers or thinkers to have certain perceptual or cognitive reactions” (p.108). What human observers bring to physiological states of affairs is not value judgments, but a disposition to track them as making characteristic contributions to survival and reproduction. Broadbent is alert to the issue that there might be cross-cultural differences in judgments about health and disease, but regards these as compatible with very broad agreement on the extension of healthy and diseased states, just as he thinks there is sufficient agreement on spectral phenomena to speak of color in different contexts. The same treatment would need to be given with respect to judgments within a society that vary over time, assuming that objects can change color as a society alters its color categories. 