 On the third view that subsidizes all choices to buy insurance, the higher prevalence of illness among some minorities in the U.S. would presumably lead them to make fewer choices to forego coverage and thus to purchase needed coverage more. That result might be explained, as it was on the market view, as a difference in preferences across groups. In any case, it would not lead to the claim of unfairness. The opposition from the choice view is to the full range of subsidies that make real choice possible. 