 But at least as deployed by Chrysippus, the above interpretation of the dog and cart analogy is probably incorrect. If certain outcomes were fated to occur no matter what we were to decide or to do, that would seem to make deliberation and action futile, whereas Chrysippus wishes to assert that our actions do have an impact on what occurs, with god bringing about the fated outcome through our fated action. Instead, Chrysippus is probably making the more general point that it is impossible to resist god’s providential plan and the edicts of fate, and that trying to do so is a bad idea. That is because god’s providential plan encompasses everything whatsoever that occurs in the cosmos, which would include even vicious actions and attempts to defy god (Plutarch, On Stoic Self-Contradiction 1050c-d, LS 54T). The Stoics also share the Greek ethical commonplace that vice is a kind is psychic disharmony and disorder that causes agitation and distress (Cicero, Tusculan disputations 4.29, 34–5, LS 61O). Furthermore, the wise person willingly submits themself to god’s will—they wish for things to happen as they do happen, which is the same as wishing for them to happen as god wills them to happen. Such submission brings happiness (Epictetus, Handbook 8; Seneca, On Benefits 4.34.4). And so, a vicious person who tries to defy the will of god fails in their plan, as even their attempted defiance has been fated by god, but through their foolish actions they do “succeed” in bringing about their own misery, just like the dog being dragged along the path.