 The claim that misrepresentation is impossible without learning anyway seems problematic, since it appears to preclude representations produced by innate input systems, such as innate sensory-perceptual systems. Some psychologists also claim that some core concepts are innate (e.g., see Carey 2009). Later, Dretske (1988) appears to drop his conditioning requirement as a general requirement for (determinate) content, although he still maintains that instrumental conditioning or other forms of learning are necessary for acquiring the kind of content that can explain   behavior.[8]  This re-raises the question of how representations produced by innate input analyzers can have distal content.  