 It might be thought the difficulty under discussion can be avoided by the simple expedient of adhering to a counterfactual formulation of the manipulability theory. Indeed, it is clear that some counterfactual formulation is required if the theory is to be even remotely plausible: after all, no one supposes that \(A\) can only be a cause of \(B\) if \(A\) is in fact manipulated. One thus might consider a formulation along the lines of: