 The previous section reviewed some of the arguments raised by scientists about the nature of instinct or innateness and the questionable scientific utility of this concept. In this section, we consider some recent proposals by philosophers to capture what is at issue in these debates. These philosophical diagnoses vary considerably, not only in their understanding of what is at issue, but also in their methods. As we will see, this is one of the topics on which an ‘experimental philosophy’ (X-phi) approach has been put to productive use (see  SEP entry  on this topic). What follows is a review of five different philosophical hypotheses about what is at issue in scientific debates over nativism.