 Despite its predominance in the literature, the characterization of constitutive rules by means of forms like  (CR)  is too narrow, however. There are prescriptions that are constitutive of certain games—for instance, that spearing is forbidden is constitutive of ice-hockey—and these do not naturally fit the (CR) form. It is better to characterize a set of rules or norms as constitutive of a certain type of action/activity \(A\) iff \(A\) cannot be performed, or engaged in, unless these norms are in force (cf. Pagin 1987; Glüer &amp; Pagin 1998; Kaluziński 2018; Reiland 2020; García-Carpintero  2022).[9]