 The availability of data sets also enabled new, technology-driven styles of biological research (Morange 2020: Ch. 28; Rheinberger &amp; Müller-Wille 2018: Ch. 9; entry on  philosophy of systems and synthetic biology).  Systems biology emerged as a highly interdisciplinary field, which is characterized by mathematical and computational approaches to the topology and dynamics of interaction networks involving genes and gene products. In a complementary manner, synthetic biology focuses on engineering metabolic pathways and regulatory networks for biotechnological applications such as drug or biofuel production, but also to increase the understanding of molecular systems (Kastenhofer 2013). The CRISPR-Cas system, originally elucidated as a bacterial immune defense mechanism, was developed into a new tool for genome editing, which, due to its precision, also enhanced genetic engineering approaches in multicellular organisms (Morange 2020: Ch. 24).