 The non-conceptual universality of judgments of taste is grounded in what Kant calls “the free play of the imagination and the understanding” (Kant 1790: §9). Ordinary perceptual and cognitive activities require the cooperation of imagination and understanding (here it is important to keep in mind that Kant considers imagination to be involved in perception) but in these cases imagination is guided by concepts. In the free play required by judgments of taste, imagination and understanding interact unconstrained by concepts, but in a way that is common to all human beings (Kant 1790: §20 ff.).