 That living well requires active political deliberation and policy-making explains why Aristotle excludes natural slaves, women, and manual workers from citizenship, and helps to clarify his view that citizens should be private property-owners. In Aristotle’s view, natural slaves lack the capacity for deliberation and decision-making that is required for living well. Women have a deliberative capacity, but it is not “authoritative.” Manual laborers are occupied with the production of necessities. They have decision-making powers, but their exercise is limited by the laborer’s need to survive, for he must conform to the demands of his working conditions. Moreover, manual work is often dull and repetitive, making little demand on workers’ rational powers. As private property-owners, citizens are not vulnerable to these problems. With private property, an individual has a supply of resources that is under his control; his decision determines what happens to it. Thus he is able to take pleasure from generous action – from helping his friends, guests, and companions.