 While generally expressing admiration for Luther’s role in the Reformation against what Hobbes saw as the evils of the Catholic  Church,[4]  the most direct use Hobbes makes of Lutheran ideas is in his controversy with John Bramhall, Bishop of Derry, over the issue of free will. The two men were led into debate by the Marquess of Newcastle when the three were in exile in Paris in 1645, but following the unauthorized publication of Hobbes’s contribution in 1654 as On Liberty and Necessity, Bramhall himself published his own earlier strongly-worded contribution as A Defence of True Liberty from Antecedent and Extrinsical Necessity in the following year, to which Hobbes then replied in similarly strident terms, in his Questions Concerning Liberty, Necessity, and Chance of 1656, to which Bramhall published a further response in 1658: Castigations of Mr Hobbes His Last Animadversions in the Case Concerning Liberty, and Universal  Necessity.[5]