 What also separates expression from an action caused by a mere impulse is that expression has a medium. For example, a crying baby does not, in Dewey’s view, use the cry to express her emotions; the cry is just an ulterior sign of dissatisfaction. However, when the smile and the outreached hand, for example, are used to express the joy of seeing a friend, these bodily movements function as media for expressing joy. Whether something counts as a medium of expression or not thus “depends upon the way in which material is used” (AE: 69). When the artist works on an expressive object based on her initial impulsion, the materials of art—pigments, clays, notes, words—turn into media of expression.