  However, several philosophers have argued that this picture fails to capture the diverse explanatory strategies carried out by cancer scientists, at least currently. For instance, some have argued that this fails to take into consideration more “organicist” or “holistic” views of cancer causation, which they contrast with a “reductionist” approach in cancer research (Bertolaso 2009). Some also argue that apparently competing perspectives can be fruitfully integrated (Bertolaso 2011; Marcum 2005; Malaterre 2007).