 As a final way to contrast the three views, we return to population genetics and, especially, to the Hardy-Weinberg Principle (HWP). Both Woodger (1937, 1959) and Williams (1970, 1973) provide detailed axiomatizations of certain parts of biology, especially genetics, developmental biology, and phylogenetics. For instance, Woodger (1937) constructs an axiomatic system based on ten logical predicates or relations, including \(\bP\) (part of), \(\bT\) (before in time), \(\bU\) (reproduced by cell division or cell fusion), \(\bm\) (male gamete), \(\bff\) (female gamete), and \(\bgenet\) (genetic property) (cf. Nicholson and Gawne 2014). Woodger (1959) elaborates these logical predicates or relations to produce a careful reconstruction of Mendelian genetics. Here are two axioms in his system (which are rewritten in contemporary notation, since Woodger used Russell and Whitehead’s Principia Mathematica notation):