 However, there also several respects in which the theory may appear problematic. Some critics object that Shea’s way of drawing the distinction between representational and non-representational systems is unconvincing, either because his requirements for representational status are too weak (Rescorla 2021, Kracauer 2022), or because the distinction is not significant from an explanatory point of view (Ganson 2021b, 287). Other theorists have criticized Shea’s claims about the explananda (Rupert 2022) and the utility (Egan 2020) of representational explanations. (For replies to some of these objections, cf. Shea 2020 and 2022.) Finally, given that Shea’s account of content determination resembles those of Millikan and Papineau, one may wonder whether some of their problems (especially the problem of overly specific contents) are also problems for Shea.