 Twelfth-century Latin discussions about accountability were influenced by Augustine’s view that sins are acts of free consent. This seems to mean that spontaneous emotional reactions are not immediately guilty-making because they are not freely chosen (Expositio quarundam propositionum ex Epistola ad Romanos, 2066). Augustine’s position led to some controversies. Those who argued for sinless first movements, such as Anselm of Canterbury, Peter of Abelard, William of Champeaux, or Aelred of Rievaulx, held that something is a sin only if it is a free choice or consent. The other interpretation held by Anselm of Laon, Peter Lombard, and others was that the first movements towards forbidden things are immediately venial sins even when they are not free. They could be regarded as indirectly voluntary because of insufficient precaution (Knuuttila 2004, Wu 2010).