 Representationalist normativism has roots in the idea that representational systems are functional systems of a certain sort (Millikan 1984; Dretske 1988): Function appears to be a normative concept, implying at least a contrast with malfunction. Similarly, but with no commitment to representationalism specifically, belief has often been described as having a “direction of fit” in the sense that beliefs (unlike, for example, desires) ought to fit with, or get it right about, or match up to, the states of affairs they describe or represent (Anscombe 1957/1963; Searle 1983; Humberstone 1992; Frost 2014). If you believe that P and P is false, you have erred or made a mistake, whereas if you desire that P and P is false, you have not in the same way erred or made a mistake.