 In English, verb forms are typically used to signal the time when an action or event occurs or a state holds. Thus in (1a), John’s promise was given before the present time, in (1b) the promising is simultaneous with the present time and (1c) says that the student’s work on his thesis will occur at some time after the present. It should be noted that the verb forms used to express temporal information may also be used to signal information that is not purely temporal. For instance, the present tense form in John walks   characterizes a certain habit of John. And in the statement The train departs at five o’clock tomorrow, the present verb form clearly has a futurate meaning. So English distinguishes between past and non-past but not between future and non-future. Moreover, many linguists exclude future as a pure tense, because the auxiliary will may be used to express volition as in He will go swimming in dangerous  water.[1]