 Even this theory of information requires several elaborations to furnish a plausible account of mental content. For example, Dretske (1988, 2002) holds that a mental representation r represents that a is F just in case r has the function of indicating that a is F. The teleological (“function”) component is added to explain how a deer on a dark night can cause tokens of the concept dog without being part of the information carried by thoughts that token dog. Fodor (1987, 1990) pursues another, non-teleological solution, the asymmetric dependence theory. Counterfactuals feature here in another way: