 An interesting possible solution to the problem is provided by Kevin McCain (McCain 2012). McCain proposes an interventionist account of causation according to which (roughly) X causes Y if and only if were a change in X to occur, Y would change in a regular way (setting aside any other redundant causes of Y). Moreover, X is a direct cause of Y if and only if, setting aside all other causally relevant events, a possible intervention on X (e.g., to eliminate its causal power) would change Y (e.g., Y would not occur). The basing relation then gets defined as follows: