 The second practical challenge to the practice of forward looking collective responsibility pertains to the dilemma that we face when trying to hold disorganized collectives responsible for preventing harm in the future that they could, if they were organized, prevent. The problem is that they are not now organized and hence cannot act as a collective. A transformation is necessary. But we cannot expect a disorganized group (say, a mob or a group of persons who are not in any way institutionally connected) to instigate such a transformation. For such a group is by definition not organized enough to act as a collective.