 A longstanding dispute in evolutionary biology concerns the levels at which selection can occur (Bourrat 2015b, 2021; Brandon 1996; Kerr &amp; Godfrey-Smith 2002; Keller 1999; Lloyd 1988; Okasha 2006, 2016; Sober &amp; Wilson 1998; Williams 1966) [see the entry on  units and levels of selection].  Some authors see this dispute as concerning the levels at which replication can take place. Other authors take the levels of selection dispute to concern environmental interaction and insist that environmental interaction can take place at a variety of levels, from single genes, cells, and organisms to colonies, demes, and possibly entire species. Organisms certainly interact with their environments in ways that bias the transmission of their genes, but then so do entities that are both less inclusive than entire organisms (e.g., sperm cells) and more inclusive (e.g., beehives).