On Herbart’s theory, such cases of failing to arrest or “fix” a representational evolution may be explained by the absence of representational masses sufficiently articulated and strengthened, not just into “concepts”, but into clear judgments formed out of these concepts, which are called “maxims” (SW VI: 146). It is the educated person who “should know better”, who is expected to have maxims that arise to ward off foolish, inappropriate, or unethical impulses. These “maxim”-masses are called “inner perceptions” (self-consciousness or self-control) just when they successfully “outstrip, fix, and govern [beherrschen]” rough and precipitate excitations (SW VI: 146).