 Using this theoretical development, and in the realm of neurophilosophy, Paul Churchland (1987, 1989) offered a novel, neuroscientifically-inspired argument for EM. According to the interpretation of neural networks just sketched, activity vectors are the central kind of representations, and vector-to-vector transformations are the central kind of computations, in the brain. This contrasts sharply with the propositional representations and logical/semantic computations postulated by folk psychology. Vectorial content, an ordered sequence of real numbers, is unfamiliar and alien to common sense. This cross-theoretic conceptual difference is at least as great as that between oxidative and phlogiston concepts, or kinetic-corpuscular and caloric fluid heat concepts. Phlogiston and caloric fluid are two “parade” examples of kinds eliminated from our scientific ontology due to the nature of the intertheoretic relation obtaining between the theories with which they are affiliated and the theories that replaced them. The structural and dynamic differences between the folk psychological and then-emerging cognitive neuroscientific kinds suggested that the theories affiliated with the latter will likewise replace the theory affiliated with the former. But this claim was the key premise of the eliminativist argument based on predicted intertheoretic relations. And with the rise of neural networks and parallel distributed processing, intertheoretic contrasts with folk-psychological explanatory kinds were no longer just an eliminativist’s future hope. Computational and cognitive neuroscience was delivering an alternative kinematics for cognition, one that provided no structural analogue for folk psychology’s propositional attitudes or logic-like computations over propositional contents.