 It seems clear that sometimes we are responsible for the consequences of our actions (for dissent, see Frankfurt 1983). Recall that Meghan is responsible, not just for ruining Sean’s tea by putting salt in it (an action), but for Sean’s tea being ruined (a consequence). Call this consequence a “state of affairs”. Perhaps one can also be responsible for states of affairs that aren’t the consequences of action. A homeowner is responsible for the dangerous sink hole developing in her back yard, not because of anything she did, but due simply to negligence. However one is to treat such cases, they are here set aside to focus on states of affairs that are more clearly the consequences of actions. And not surprisingly, there is a replacement for PAP explicitly about these (this principle and much of what follows is adapted from van Inwagen 1978; cp. Ginet 1996: 403):