 Over the past four decades, philosophy of science has grown increasingly “local”. Concerns have switched from general features of scientific practice to concepts, issues, and puzzles specific to particular disciplines. Philosophy of neuroscience is one natural result. This emerging area was also spurred by remarkable growth in the neurosciences themselves. Cognitive and computational neuroscience continues to encroach directly on issues traditionally addressed within the humanities, including the nature of consciousness, action, knowledge, and normativity. Cellular, molecular, and behavioral neuroscience using animal models increasingly encroaches on cognitive neuroscience’s domain. Empirical discoveries about brain structure and function suggest ways that “naturalistic” programs might develop in detail, beyond the abstract philosophical considerations in their favor.