 On the eastern side of the southern cone, developments of considerable international impact took place in Argentina between the 1940s and 1970s. The arrival of Hans Lindemann in the 1940s marked a turning point in analytic philosophy in Argentina where his discussions of the philosophy of Bertrand Russell and the Vienna Circle (he had studied under Moritz Schlick and been a member of the Circle) encouraged further activity, in particular research seminars and courses by Mario Bunge, Gregorio Klimovsky, and Julio Rey Pastor. Throughout the 1950s, the Buenos Aires area enjoyed a decade of optimism about the academic and cultural possibilities of philosophy of science and its applications. Several centers prospered, particularly two that were founded in 1952. In one of them, Instituto Libre de Estudios Superiores, Klimovsky and Rolando García discussed the “logical empiricist” approach and gave courses that systematically presented the new philosophy to wider audiences. The other center was Círculo Filosófico, led by Bunge, where his book Causalidad (1959a) and other works of the period took shape, and their central materials were presented in lectures and discussions. Bunge and Klimovsky managed to secure chairs at Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) in philosophy of science and logic, respectively. In the mid-1950s, their research and courses turned the university into a world-class place in the field. Bunge’s administrative and cultural efforts during this period put a strong emphasis on making professional philosophical activity possible in Argentina. A new association for logic and scientific philosophy, Agrupación Rioplatense de Lógica y Filosofía Científica, was founded in 1956, aimed at drawing together thinkers from Argentina and Uruguay who wanted to study philosophy in the rational and rigorous style of the new approach, with Bunge, Klimovsky, Jorge Bosch, Gino Germani, and Rolando Garcia among its members. A consistent group began to form, resulting in such achievements as Cuadernos de Epistemología, a series that gave the whole of Latin America and Spain access to key works in the field translated into Spanish.