 According to tradition, Carneades also delivered a pair of lectures while in Rome, speaking in defense of justice on one day and, in rebuttal of his own arguments of the previous day, against it on the following day. This celebrated episode is recounted or alluded to in a number of ancient sources, all of them much later, and doubts about every part of the story including the reality of the lectures themselves have been raised (see Drecoll, 2004; Powell, 2013). The speech of Philus in the only partially extant third book of Cicero’s De Republica may preserve traces of Carneades’ speech against justice, though it is a matter of controversy if and to what extent it does, or failing that it may draw on arguments that Carneades made on other occasions (see Ferrary, 1977; Glucker, 2001).