 Stegenga has argued in favor of “gentle medicine,” a conservative treatment mindset that stands in contrast to the biomedical pursuit of ever-more interventions (Stegenga 2018)—a pill for each ailment. This is in one sense a challenge to biomedicine more in quantity than in quality; he does not advocate for switching from pills to naturopathic diet-based treatments. He recommends this (purportedly gentler) conservatism as a response to an epistemic devaluing of biomedicine knowledge which he calls: “medical nihilism…the view that we should have little confidence in the effectiveness of medical interventions” (Stegenga 2018: 1). This follows in the loose tradition of other writings, such as the text by Illich discussed at the start of  Section 5  (Illich 1976). But Stegenga’s critique and replacement remains a radical challenge to biomedicine in the sense that it undercuts the epistemic practices of biomedicine and pushes back on the institutional practices (and the related infrastructure, including massive pharmaceutical companies) by arguing that (bio)medical treatments ought to be applied sparingly.