 The first of these is a series of elementary commentaries on the old logic (though again not completely preserved); their simple level has led some scholars to think they must come from early in Abelard’s career, others to deny that they are Abelard’s work at all. Second, the Logica ‘nostrorum petitioni sociorum’ is something of a work-in-progress: it assumes knowledge of Abelard’s earlier Logica ‘ingredientibus’ and discusses advanced points not dealt with there, but for long stretches it is also a straightforward paraphrase of or commentary on Porphyry’s Isagoge; it has textual parallels with some of Abelard’s other works and shows some knowledge of theology. The third work deals with concepts, or ‘understandings’, from both the point of view of logic (roughly as providing the meanings of terms) and from the point of view of the philosophy of mind (as vehicles for mental content). The last work may be no more than a report of some of Abelard’s lectures, and is concerned with logical and metaphysical puzzles about wholes and parts.