Brian Skyrms (1980: Sec IIC; 1982) presented a version of causal decision theory that dispenses with probabilities of subjunctive conditionals. His theory separates factors that the agent’s act may influence from factors that the agent’s act may not influence. It lets \(K_i\) stand for a possible full specification of factors that an agent may not influence and lets \(C_j\) stand for a possible (but not necessarily full) specification of factors that the agent may influence. The set of \(K_i\) forms a partition, and the set of \(C_j\) forms a partition. The formula for an act’s expected utility first calculates its expected utility using factors the agent may influence, with respect to each possible combination of factors outside the agent’s influence. Then it computes a probability-weighted average of those conditional expected utilities. An act’s expected utility calculated this way is the act’s \(K\)-expectation, \(\textit{EU}_k(A)\). According to Skyrms’s definition,