 Many claim that plural logic, reference, predication, and quantification is ontologically innocent. That is, we are not committing ourselves the existence of new entities by employing plurals, even if we believe that some usage featuring plural reference is irreducible. Being committed to the existence of ‘those cats’ (while adverting to Mr. Furrikens, Chairman Meow, and Magnificat) is not an additional commitment over and above the commitment to Mr. Furrikens, Chairman Meow, and Magnificat. When one pays for this apple, and that apple, one gets ‘the apples’ for free. In this respect the ontologically innocent Pluralist has a leg up over the set and sums theorists, since the former posits no novel entities. But, to be fair, some sum theorists have argued that positing sums is ‘ontologically innocent’—i.e., when we have two things, positing a sum of those two things does not introduce anything in addition to the initial two things. So, there may be parity in this  respect.[21]