 During the first decade of the twenty-first century a trend arose in neurophilosophy to look toward neuroscience for guidance in moral philosophy. That should be evident from the themes we’ve just mentioned. Simultaneously, there was renewed interest in moralizing about neuroscience and neurological treatments (see Levy 2007; Roskies 2009). This new field, neuroethics, thus combined both interest in the relevance of neuroscience data for understanding moral cognition, and the relevance of moral philosophy for acquiring and regulating the application of knowledge from neuroscience. The regulatory branch of neuroethics initially focused explicitly on the ethics of treatment for people who suffer from neurological impairments, the ethics of attempts to enhance human cognitive performance (Schneider 2009), the ethics of applying “mind reading” technology to problems in forensic science (Farah and Wolpe 2004), and the ethics of animal experimentation in neuroscience (Farah 2008). More recently both of these fields of neuroethics has seen tremendous growth. The interested reader should consult the  neuroethics entry  in this Encyclopedia.