  Anyone who seeks criminal law’s justification in the coin of impersonal value must also account for what the criminal law does when prevention fails. Imagine \(D\) assaults \(V\), thereby causing \(V\) physical injury. Some claim that \(D\) thereby incurs secondary moral duties, not in virtue of any relationship in which \(D\) stands, but simply in virtue of facts about the wrong \(D\) committed (Moore 1997, 170–172; Tadros 2011c, 275–283). Criminal law’s responses to crime discharge these duties, it is claimed, and this is what justifies those responses.