 Alongside the debates on just war, colonization, and the slave trade, economics is perhaps the most striking example of how the theologians from the School of Salamanca used and transformed traditional medieval theories in order to deal with new situations, creating innovative solutions that had long-lasting influence. They have often been mentioned as the ancestors of the Austrian School of Economics, that in the late nineteenth and twentieth century emphasized the role of the consumer’s estimation in the development of prices and the importance of the market against any attempt at rationally planning economic processes, while Molina has been described as a “solid economic liberal” (Rothbard 2006: 113). This may be a restrictive interpretation, because there is an undeniable relevance of the medieval heritage with its rigid condemnation of usury to be found in the authors from the school of Salamanca. Their views on economy are founded in natural law, implying therefore a normative view of economic processes instead of the purely strategic rationality of a homo oeconomicus. Nonetheless, the general consensus is that there are liberal elements in late Scholastic economics (Schüssler 2014). Among the topics they dealt with were public finance, the danger of exhausting public treasuries and of excessive taxes (Chafuen 2003: 53–60), the just price for different goods and the problem of charging interest for lending money, which was connected to the traditional condemnation of usury. The exchange of money was another major issue, because there were a large number of monetary systems simultaneously in use within the Spanish and Portuguese kingdoms. According to Marjory Grice-Hutchinson, who published an early and still important volume on their monetary theory, the original contribution of the School of Salamanca in this field consists 