  In response, one might try to refine the function that is distinctive of criminal law. Perhaps criminal law’s function is to respond to public wrongs (whether by calling to account or punishing such wrongdoers), whereas the function of civil law is to respond to private wrongs. What we should make of this proposal depends on what a public wrong is (Lamond 2007; Lee 2015; Edwards and Simester 2017). To make progress, we can distinguish between primary duties—like duties not to rape or rob—and secondary duties—like duties to answer, or suffer punishment, for rape or robbery. We incur duties of the latter kind by breaching duties of the former.