 The Contributions of 1810 already contain speculation about an “objective connection among truths” that is supposed to guide the organization and presentation of scientific knowledge. Bolzano’s discussion of this notion in the TS represents the last stage of his development of formal logic and is at the same time the first modern study of axiomatic systems (§162, 168 198–222, 378; see also Bolzano 2004a, §13, 14, 17, and the other Bolzanian texts translated in Roski and Schnieder, 2022) .