  Today, the concept of gauge invariance plays a central role in  theoretical physics. Not until 1954 did Yang and Mills (1954)  generalize Weyl’s electromagnetic gauge concept to the case of the  non-Abelian group   \(O(3)\).[102]  Although Weyl’s reinterpretation of gauge invariance had been  preceded by suggestions from London and Fock, it was Weyl, according  to O’Raifeartaigh and Straumann (2000), 