 Perhaps the best known is Knobe’s conceptual competence model, according to which the asymmetry arises at the judgment stage. On this view, normative judgments about the action influence otherwise descriptive judgments about whether it was intentional (or desired, or expected, etc.). Moreover, this influence is taken to be part of the very conception of intentionality (desire, belief, etc.). Thus, on the conceptual competence model, the asymmetry in attributions is a rational expression of the ordinary conception of intentionality (desire, belief, etc.), which turns out to have a normative component (see Machery 2008 for doubts about how to circumscribe what is part of the conceptual competence with any given  concept).[6]