 A still more integrative role for historical epistemology is articulated by Hasok Chang (2004, 2012). Chang is a nonrealist who boldly goes beyond the case-study genres of both philosophers and professional historians to propose what he terms “complementary science”, a fully integrated historical and philosophical approach that does not stop with pointing out historical contingencies but also investigates them scientifically, e.g., by repeating and extending historical experimental practices. Chang’s idea is that complementary science can preserve previously gained knowledge and unanswered questions now in danger of becoming lost, and can even build upon them as a complement to today’s highly specialized scientific disciplines. The results can be published as genuine, if non-mainstream, scientific contributions. For example, in his own work he tries to bring the debate over phlogiston to life as well as that over the nature of water and the question of its boiling point. For his work, Chang leaves both his armchair and the library, for he needs scientific equipment and laboratory space in addition to the usual scholarly materials.