 In reply, some of PAP’s defenders have asked whether alternatives need to be robust in this sense. Perhaps Jones’ alternative, however small, can ground his responsibility, not by being an alternative action, but by indicating that Jones was not determined to act as he did (Mele 1996; Della Rocca 1998; Ekstrom 2000: 190). A more ambitious response notes that even if Black intervenes in the alternative scenario, Jones has there refrained from choosing—at least he’s refrained from the particular choosing we see in the actual scenario. If we can consider such refrainings as “doings” in some broad sense of the term, then this is a sense in which Jones does otherwise in the alternative scenario. “Robust” or not, this may be the only kind of alternative that flicker theorists need (cp. Alvarez 2009; Steward 2009; 2012a;  §5.3.1;  see also Speak 2002; Capes &amp; Swenson 2017).