 It can also be argued that Millikan has solved the problem of distal content for innate as well as learned concepts. Neither retinal images nor light reflected from prey feed a frog. So it can be argued, in the case of the frog’s perceptual representations, that the Normal condition for the proper functioning of its consumer (the prey-catching mechanism) is that the representation maps onto frog food, not that it maps onto light reflected from the prey, or onto retinal images. 