 In \(\mathbf{IFL}\), falsity does not ensue from non-truth. That is, bivalence fails in \(\mathbf{IFL}\). However, it should be noted that it does not fail due to the postulation of a third truth-value or a truth-value gap (cf. Hintikka 1991: 20,  55).[27]  Rather, the failure is a consequence of the basic assumptions of the entire semantic theory (GTS). Non-determinacy corresponds to a structural property: the fact that certain kinds of functions do not exist on the model considered.