 In recent years, more and more attention is being paid to issues of global justice, and, inevitably, discussion has turned to the conflict (or, at least, the apparent conflict) between our duties to our compatriots and our duties to others around the globe, in particular, the global poor. In this literature, the debate is described as being between those who accept associationism and those who accept cosmopolitanism. The former accept that we have associative duties – “duties we owe to people with whom we are associated in some way,” including compatriots (Seglow 54) – while the latter “regard people’s local allegiance as a parochial obstacle that stands in the way of achieving global distributive justice” (55). Seglow aims to defend the former, associationist position, while others, such as Caney, defend the latter (even while attempting to give at least an instrumental role to associations). Yet others (Moellendorf) try to extend the notion of association in such a way that the global economy, for example, grounds associational duties (see Lenard and Moore for discussion of such views).