 The second objection concerns typical acoustical effects, like the Doppler effect, which are perfectly accounted for by appealing to (medial) sound waves. The Doppler effect is a shift in frequency of the sound heard by an observer who moves relative to the sound source. As waves in the direction of movement are compressed, and waves in the opposite direction are expanded, the frequency drops dramatically when the hearer and the source go past each other. Such explanations of the Doppler effect are harmless for a distal account. The Doppler effect is dependent on something going on in the medium, but this should not allow one to conclude that what we hear are sound waves in the medium. The situation can be described as follows in a way that is relatively uncommitting: When we hear sounds as undergoing the Doppler effect, we do not hear anything different from a vibration process in a sounding object, a process which is heard in a sort of perspectival shortening because the movement of the sounding object causes, among other things, the Doppler effect.