 Sperber and Wilson (1986a: 182–3) introduced the parallel term explicature to mean what is “explicitly communicated”. Carston (1988: 33) initially identified this with “what is said, in Grice’s  terms”.[67]  On this definition, Barb’s explicature in  (1)  was that she has to work, and her implicature was that she is not going to Paul’s party”. Carston’s (1988: 40) paradigm case is less clear.