  Later, attempts to promote positive eugenics were renewed with the creation of the Repository for Germinal Choice, a sperm bank created in 1978 with the idea of collecting sperm from Nobel laureates, others deemed “geniuses” and Olympic level athletes. Artificial insemination and IVF would thus allow women to choose to reproduce with men presumed to have high-quality genes, without needing to form relationships with them. Although most Nobel prizewinners proved reluctant to donate to the sperm bank, the general idea took off. Today, advances in egg freezing have also permitted the creation of egg banks and print and online ads in college newspapers regularly request sperm or eggs from donors who meet certain qualifications for health, intelligence, athleticism, and/or attractiveness. Individuals or couples who require gamete donation to reproduce can shop around for a donor who meets their desired criteria (see the entry on the  donation and sale of human eggs and sperm).   Importantly, these practices are not only examples of positive eugenics but also of negative eugenics. Racist, classist, and ableist prejudices underlie these practices in ways that promote negative eugenics by preventing or discouraging some women from reproducing (Roberts 1997; Daar 2018).  