 In these passages, qing means genuineness, truthfulness and objective reality. It seems that when Confucius’s teachings were recorded around 500 BCE, qing had little relation to subjective inner feelings even though Confucius discussed emotions and feelings in the Analects. As Graham (1990) and Hansen (1995) argue, qing gets associated with emotions and feelings in the later stages of Chinese philosophy. This does not mean that emotions are not important or not discussed in Chinese philosophy in the Warring States period. In fact, the Analects is filled with Confucius’s teachings on emotions and feelings. Le (樂 joy) appears 23 times in the Analects when filial piety (xiao 孝) and righteousness (yi 義) show up 14 and 20 times respectively.