 Nietzsche believes that all normative systems which perform something like the role we associate with “morality” share certain structural characteristics, even as the meaning and value of these normative systems varies considerably over time. In particular, all normative systems have both descriptive and normative components, in the sense that: (a) they presuppose a particular descriptive account of human being and human agency, in the sense that for the normative claims comprising the system to have intelligible application to humans, particular metaphysical and empirical claims about human beings and agency must be true; and (b) the system’s norms favor the interests of some people, often (though not necessarily) at the expense of others. Any particular morality will, in turn, be the object of Nietzsche’s critique (i.e., MPS) only if it: