 But one might think that there also is a perceptual difference. A liberal account of this perceptual difference holds that perceiving speech in a language you know may involve hearing sounds as meaningful or auditorily representing them as having semantic properties (see, e.g., Siegel 2006, Bayne 2009, Azzouni 2013, Brogaard 2018; cf. O’Callaghan 2011b, Reiland 2015). Alternatively, a moderately liberal account holds that the perceptual experience of speech in a language you know involves perceptually experiencing language-specific but nevertheless non-semantic features. For instance, O’Callaghan (2011b) argues that listening to speech in a familiar language typical involves perceiving its phonological features.