 What are the standards against which our judgments and decisions ought to be evaluated? A property like systematic bias may be viewed as a fault or an advantage depending on how outcomes are scored  (section 4).  A full reckoning of the costs of operating a decision procedure may tip the balance in favor of a model that is sub-optimal when costs are not considered, even when there is agreement of how outcomes are to be scored  (sections 2.1).  Desirable behavior, such as prosocial norms, may be impossible within an idealized model but commonplace in several different types of non-idealized models  (section 5.2).