The most influential empirical challenge concerning the role of conscious intentions stems from Libet’s seminal neuroscientific work on the initiation of movements. In the Libet experiment (Libet 1985), participants were instructed to initiate a simple and predefined movement when the wish or urge to do so arises. During this, EEG measurements were taken to record the readiness potential, a brain potential that was known to precede intentional movements. The main finding was that the readiness potential precedes the occurrence of the conscious wish or urge to move by about 350ms. According to Libet, this shows that movements are not consciously initiated and that we do not have free will in the sense we commonly think we do (Libet 1999). The methodology of this experiment has been scrutinized extensively and criticized on a number of points. Some of those methodological issues have been addressed in follow-up experiments (Soon et al. 2008; Fried et al. 2011).