 Every proposition is an ordered structure constituted from concepts. But to know a proposition, it does not suffice just to know its conceptual components. We also need to take some further steps. Following Aristotle and Euclid, most (if not all) Muslim philosophers believe in foundationalist/axiomatic accounts of epistemology, according to which all instances of knowledge are eventually built upon the foundations (mabādi’) of basic concepts and propositions which can be known directly and immediately. Non-basic concepts and propositions can be derived from basic ones by definitions (taʿārīf or ḥudūd) and syllogisms (qiyāsāt), respectively. This means that after acquiring the conceptual components of a proposition P we still need to take the following three steps: