 The second problem is more a question: whether ‘the relation of being done in execution of a certain intention, or being done intentionally, is a causal relation between act and intention.’ (Anscombe 1983, p. 95) Anscombe denies that it is. When she writes of ‘practical knowledge’ as ‘the cause of what it understands’ she means formal not efficient cause: practical knowledge is essential to the action it represents, at least when ‘the description of the action is of a type to be formally the description of an executed intention.’ (See Anscombe 1963, pp. 87–8, and for conflicting interpretations: Hursthouse 2000; Vogler 2002; Moran 2004; Newstead 2006; Velleman 2007; Paul 2011; Ford 2015; Schwenkler 2015; Lavin 2016; Setiya 2016a; Campbell 2018a; Campbell 2018b.)