 Many have observed that for every implicature that appears to be correctly predicted by Gricean theory, others appear to be falsely  predicted.[34]  The schema used to “work out” observed implicatures can usually be used just as well to work out nonexistent implicatures. So the schema as formulated is invalid—an unreliable method of inferring implicatures. By a simple application of Mill’s Methods, it follows that the observed implicatures do not exist because of the Gricean factors.