 So under very special conditions, one can know that the acquisition of a truth will enhance the overall truthlikeness of one’s theories, but these conditions are exceptionally narrow and provide at best a very weak defense against the dilemma. (See Niiniluoto 2011. For rather more optimistic views of the relation between truthlikeness and belief revision see Kuipers 2000, Lavalette, Renardel &amp; Zwart 2011, Cevolani, Crupi and Festa 2011, and Cevolani, Festa and Kuipers 2013.)