 On the face of it, it is certainly conceivable that one might identify the beneficiary of the adaptations as—in some cases, anyway—the individual organism or group that exhibits the phenotypic trait taken to be the adaptation. In fact, some writers seem to have done just that in the discussion of group selection (see Williams  1966).[14]  But the original genic selectionist rejects this move, introducing an additional qualification to be fulfilled by a unit of selection; it must be “the unit that actually survives or fails to survive” (Dawkins 1982a: 60). Because organisms, groups, and even genomes do not actually survive the evolution-by-selection process, the answer to the survival question must be the replicator. (Strictly speaking, this is false; it is copies of the replicators that survive. Replicators must therefore be taken in some sense as information and not as biological entities (see Hampe &amp; Morgan 1988; cf. Griesemer 2005).