 References to The Elements of Law, Leviathan, and De Corpore are by chapter and paragraph number. This should enable readers to find references in editions other than the ones used here (even though most editions of Leviathan do not print paragraph numbers). All other references are given by volume and page number. Most works are referred to using their author’s name and their date of first publication. A few others — Hobbes’s Elements of Law and Behemoth, Aubrey’s Brief Lives, and some works of Leibniz — are referred to using their dates of composition, because they were published several years after they were written.