  Braun (1995) argues that the functions that Kaplan uses to represent characters in his formal logic (functions from structures and contexts to contents) misrepresent the more interesting notion of character described in the less formal parts of Kaplan’s theory (where Kaplan seemingly uses functions from contexts to contents in the intended structure to represent characters). Richard (2003) and Braun (1994) argue that structured characters, in addition to structured contents, are needed to distinguish between the linguistic meanings of certain pairs of expressions.