 In the Chunqiu Fanlu we also find the development of two important categories—the “five phases” (wu xing 五行) and yin-yang 陰陽—as well as discussion of their connection to the concept of qi 氣. The ethical and political content of the Chunqiu Fanlu does not differ considerably from the standard “Confucian” views of the time as found in texts such as those of Lu Jia and Jia Yi, so I here focus on the metaphysics of the Chunqiu Fanlu, where we find its most original contribution.