 Necessarily, every true proposition is metaphysically necessitated by some collection of true propositions each of which is either (a) the proposition that \(R(x_1,\ldots ,x_n)\) or \(¬R(x_1,\ldots ,x_n)\), for some perfectly natural \(R\) and objects \(x_1,\ldots ,x_n\) are any objects; (b) the proposition that \(\exists y(y=x)\), for some object \(x\), or (c) the proposition that every object is one of \(xx\), where \(xx\) are all the objects there  are.[31] 