 Avempace echoes Plato and mentions his division of cities, or societies, into a perfect one and others which are corrupted (IB-RS-AP: 5–6; IB-coll-genequand: 123; IB-RS-berman: 125). One assumes that Avempace is referring to the four imperfect cities, namely, timocracy, oligarchy, democracy, and tyranny (Republic, viii-ix) although Asín Palacios interpreted them as the four imperfect cities cited in Alfarabi’s works (IB-RS-AP: 37, note 6), and Genequand accepts both possibilities (IB-coll-genequand: 256 §13)