 Health theorist Nancy Krieger shows how the activity of finding ratios of how much biomedical healthcare vs. socioeconomic environment contributed to health improvements since the twentieth century is the sort of debate that easily falls victim to the “fallacy of treating causes of population health as if they sum to 100%” (Krieger 2017). Causes overlap and interact in complex ways; e.g., individual diet, exercise, medications, and changing exposures to smoking, etc. have all been contributing to changes in heart disease rates. How much of the credit goes to biomedicine for studying the effects of exercise on heart attack risk, for helping make the case for the heart risks of smoking, and so on? Extracting and assessing the contributions of biomedicine, an enterprise fully embedded in Western countries’ social systems and economies, is not possible; biomedicine is firmly embedded. That is not to deny it is impossible to attribute health effects in particular populations to particular causes in general—there are methods allowing such calculations—just that causes’ interactions need to be taken into consideration (Krieger 2017).