  Luisa Capetillo (1879–1922) exemplifies the convergence of feminist ideas and ideas concerning broader social transformation. Born in Arecibo, Puerto Rico, Capetillo was home schooled and secured a job as a reader in cigar-making factories, reading to workers and transferring ideas to workers as they rolled cigars. Capetillo’s employment as a reader served as an important locale from which workers developed a consciousness of trade unions, socialism, anarchism, and women’s rights (Ruiz 2016: 6). Although readers were typically men, it was not uncommon to find women in cigar factories as the cigar-making industry modernized and became the second national industry in the first decades of the 20th century (Ramos 1992: 29). Hence, it is not accidental that some of the first feminist ideas of Puerto Rico emerged in cigar factories and in the proletariat presses significantly before the suffrage movement later in the century (Ramos 1992: 30). Capetillo’s feminist ideas are grounded in her class politics that saw emancipation occurring at the nexus between labor empowerment and gender equality (Ruiz 2016: 13). Although often heralded as the first feminist writer of Puerto Rico and the first woman to ever publish a book about women in Puerto Rico, Capetillo’s work most importantly shows how early 20th century Latin American feminist ideas and writers were very much grounded in the lived material conditions of their times. In the case of Capetillo, her feminist anarchism brewed at the core of her understanding of workers’ emancipation as a woman who herself labored in the trenches of modernity.