 One idea which is particularly clear in Dignāga’s work is his explicit recognition that arguments which are expressed as syllogisms are expressions of inferences. This is reflected in his terms inference for oneself (svārtha-anumāna), which refers to the cognitive process expressible as a syllogism, and inference for another (parārtha-anumāna), which refers to the verbal expression of the syllogistic inference. These terms are also the titles of the second and third chapters of his Pramāṇa-samuccaya.