Shortly before being called to Rome by Pope Clement VIII to teach Platonic philosophy at the University of Rome, the Sapienza, Patrizi published the first edition of his philosophical masterpiece, the Nova de universis philosophia (Ferrara, 1591; an edition with significant variants was printed at Venice with a spurious retrodating of 1593). In sum, it brings together many of the major themes that had dominated his philosophical career: the opposition to Aristotle and the Peripatetic philosophical method, the admiration for Platonism as a philosophical alternative, together with the incorporation of insights derived from other ancient and modern sources to form a novel system that Patrizi was proud to call his own and seek to have established as a new basis for philosophical instruction in the universities of Europe. Not surprisingly, opposition to his goals was determined, with critics on both the theological and philosophical sides voicing their concerns. In spite of his having produced a series of emendations in response to criticisms by theological and philosophical critics, his work was condemned by the Congregation of the Index of prohibited Books “until corrected” in 1592. He was to spend the last years of his life trying to defend his views, which in some cases hindsight shows to have pointed toward some of the ways in which science and philosophy would move in the Seventeenth Century and beyond. [see section 5.]