 A next “stage” in the evolution from primordial entities unable to reproduce to modern biological systems might thus have been for entities to produce new offspring entities (or multiply) without the ability to pass on their properties reliably. In such a situation, the size of a population could be maintained. The most extreme form of that would be to imagine a population of two types in which each type has the same probability to produce an offspring of the other types as its own type. With entities of the two types having different persistence, a modest form of evolution by natural selection is still possible. Versions of this model have been proposed by Wilkins, Stanyon, and Musgrave (2012), Earnshaw-Whyte (2012), and Bourrat (2015a). Since there is, on average, no more resemblance between an offspring and its parent than any other entity of the parental generation, and evolution by natural selection is still observed in such a scenario, one might think that heritability is, strictly speaking, not a necessary condition for evolution by natural selection.