 Avicenna’s theory of primary concepts was an important source for the theory of transcendental concepts, which scholastic philosophers developed in the thirteenth century, taking their cue from Aristotle, Avicenna and the Dionysian tradition (Aertsen 2008; Aertsen 2012; Pini 2012). Avicenna bequeathed to the discussion of the transcendentals not only specific teachings about the notions “being”, “one” and “thing”, but also the general idea that, ontologically, the primary concepts are most common since they are true of everything, and that, epistemologically, they are first known since they are self-evident and not reducable to prior concepts.