 On Neander’s view, the resulting states (like, e.g., RED) are representations of the causes to which the system is supposed to respond by producing these states. They are, so to speak, representations of their ‘Normal causes’. On this view, RED has the content red is present if the visual system that produces RED has the function to produce it in response to the presence of red, or more specifically in response to red being instanced in the receptive field of the perceptual processing pathways responsible for RED’s production. Since ‘information’ is defined in causal terms by Neander, she can also state her view by saying that RED has the content red is present because it is supposed to carry the information that red is present (Neander 2017, 146). This is Neander’s basic idea, though two further requirements are added. One is a second-order similarity requirement (Neander 2017, ch. 8) that we will set aside here.