 These ten errors are by no means the limit of the topics covered in the Three Vows, but they represent the kinds of issues that motivate the work, and they stand at the center of Sapaṇ’s doctrinal disputes with his adversaries. Many of these are reiterated throughout his works—also appearing, for instance, as topics of discussion in the Sage’s Intent or the Gateway to Learning. Here is not the place to examine each of these, which would take us into some rather arcane particulars. Still, although many of these points enact scholastic in-fighting and might seem on the surface to be doctrinal angel-counting, Sapaṇ’s arguments generally present them as examples of larger concerns. The interesting interpretive question for each, then, is how getting a given idea wrong disrupts the essentials of the teachings, and what this tells us about Sapaṇ’s approach to the doctrine and the controversies of his time. Here I will focus on two critiques  (1  &amp;  7)  and mention a third  (4).  I will discuss Sapaṇ’s view of  (8)  in the section on the Sage’s Intent. These are interesting in themselves, and should be sufficient to introduce Sapaṇ’s argumentative style and his philosophical approach in this work. I have taken extra space for this section of the entry to present  (7),  which is one of Sapaṇ’s most important arguments, and to discuss the work’s important, repeating defense of moral contextualism.