 The philosopher and scientist Johann Georg Sulzer (1720–1779) still adheres to a rather orthodox view of imitation in music, holding that music imitates impassioned speech (Sulzer 1774, “Melody” [1792: III, 370–371; 1995: 91–92]). He also extends this account to instrumental music, and holds that music that fails to express emotions is worthless (Sulzer 1774, “Instrumental music” [1792: II, 677–679; 1995: 95–97]).