 “Worthiness” is too vague and too prone to manipulation by partisans to serve as an adequate means of promotion; and relying on one’s reputation or on an interview with the ruler are equally flawed methods. Similar views are echoed in Han Feizi and in other Legalist texts, such as “Relying on Standards” (“Ren fa” 任法) chapter of Guanzi (Rickett 1998: 144–151). Shen Dao further warns the ruler that if he decides on promotions and demotions on the basis of his personal impression, this will cause inflated expectations or excessive resentment among his servants: