 Aristotle, General Topics: metaphysics |  Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich |  Heraclitus |  intrinsic vs. extrinsic properties |  logic: paraconsistent |  Mach, Ernst |  mathematics: inconsistent |  McTaggart, John M. E. |  Newton, Isaac: philosophy |  Newton, Isaac: views on space, time, and motion |  Parmenides |  space and time: being and becoming in modern physics |  time |  Zeno of Elea: Zeno’s paradoxes 