 We say that an argument \(\langle \Gamma,\theta \rangle\) is semantically valid, or just valid, written \(\Gamma \vDash \theta\), if for every interpretation \(M\) of the language, if \(M\vDash\psi\), for every member \(\psi\) of \(\Gamma\), then \(M\vDash\theta\). If \(\Gamma \vDash \theta\), we also say that \(\theta\) is a logical consequence, or semantic consequence, or model-theoretic consequence of \(\Gamma\). The definition corresponds to the informal idea that an argument is valid if it is not possible for its premises to all be true and its conclusion false. Our definition of logical consequence also sanctions the common thesis that a valid argument is truth-preserving – to the extent that satisfaction represents truth. Officially, an argument in \(\LKe\) is valid if its conclusion comes out true under every interpretation of the language in which the premises are true. Validity is the model-theoretic counterpart to deducibility.