There is also an ambiguity with the “-motor” in “sensorimotor knowledge”. On the one hand, Noë argues that perception is active in the sense that perceivers require knowledge of the proximal, sensory effects of movement. E.g., in order to see an object’s shape and size it is necessary to have certain anticipations concerning the way in which retinal stimulations caused by the object would vary as a function of her point of view. “This perspectival aspect”, Noë writes, “marks the place of action in perception” (Noë 2004: 34). On this conception there is no commitment to the view that vision is for the guidance of action, that vision constitutively has something to do with adapting animal behavior to the spatial layout of the distal environment (Noë 2004: 18–19). Rather, vision is active in the sense that it involves learned expectations concerning the ways in which sensory stimulations would be “perturbed” by possible bodily movements (Noë 2010: 247–248).