 Anscombe distinguishes believing a person from believing what a person says, for you can do the latter without the former – both when you already believe what is said, and when you believe that the person is both misinformed and yet trying to deceive you. Anscombe describes many “presuppositions” to believing someone: noticing the relevant sound or inscription, understanding it as an attempt to communicate, noticing that it is addressed to oneself, understanding it properly, understanding that it was produced by the person indeed producing it, and many more. Only once all these are in place do we come to the situation where we can ask: “Does he believe her?”