  A later branch of the school (see the entry on  Mohist Canons)  formulated a sophisticated semantic theory, epistemology, consequentialist ethics, theory of analogical reasoning, and mereological ontology and undertook inquiries in such diverse fields as geometry, mechanics, optics, and economics. They addressed technical problems raised by their semantics and consequentialist ethics and produced a collection of terse, rigorous arguments that develop Mohist doctrines, defend them against criticisms, and rebut opponents’ views.