 Today it is generally assumed that the diagnosis itself does not mean a person is  incompetent.[2]  Rather, we must look to see if in fact the mental illness (or the cognitive impairment) is undermining decision-making capacity for a particular individual and in relation to a particular decision. Clinicians look for the same features that are supposedly relevant for ordinary patients: understanding, appreciation, and reasoning, as described above (Whiting 2015). This has the result that while some patients with a psychiatric diagnosis or a cognitive impairment are deemed incompetent to make some decisions, many are deemed competent to make at least some decisions and still others may be deemed competent to make all of their own decisions. This has had the result that these patient groups have much greater input into their own treatment than in previous eras. Arguably, it has also helped to decrease somewhat the stigma of mental illness and cognitive impairment.