 Second, what can it mean for something eternally present to observe something as in the temporal present, and vice versa?  (See Lewis 1984; also Nelson 1987; Padgett 1992: 69; Swinburne 1993.) Suppose something eternal observes something as temporally present. If that means it observes something that comes to be, then doesn’t the observation itself come to be, making the being temporal? Conversely, how can a temporal entity observe something as being eternal? How can it observe anything without bringing that thing into the temporal series? After all, the event of x’s observing y at t is identical with the event of y’s being observed by x at t.