 Weirich (1985) and Harper (1986) define ratification in terms of an option’s expected utility given its realization rather than given a decision to realize it. An option is self-ratifying if and only if it maximizes expected utility given its realization. This account of ratification accommodates cases in which an option and a decision to realize it have different expected utilities. Weirich and Harper also assume causal decision theory’s formula for expected utility. In the case of Death in Damascus, causal decision theory concludes that the threatened man lacks a self-ratifying option. A self-ratifying option emerges, however, if the man may flip a coin to make his decision. Adopting the probability distribution for locations is called a mixed strategy, whereas choices of location are called pure strategies. Assuming that Death cannot predict the coin flip’s outcome, the mixed strategy is self-ratifying.