 Scientific pluralism would be misunderstood as a new paradigm that replaced the unity of science movement. Instead, pluralist challenges of unification have emerged in different contexts and led to a “plurality of pluralisms” (Wylie 2015) that reimagines post-positivist philosophy of science along different metaphysical, epistemological, and social dimensions. Generic commitments to “plurality” by philosophers of science are therefore not much more informative than generic commitments to “diversity” by science administrators. The interesting question is not whether to endorse plurality or diversity in general terms but how to specify plurality and diversity in scientific practice. The following sections outline four areas in which pluralist philosophy of science has made substantial contributions to rethinking scientific practice.