 Anaxagoras |  Archytas |  Aristotle |  ethics: virtue |  hedonism |  Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich: dialectics |  metaphysics |  Plato |  Platonism: in metaphysics |  Popper, Karl |  Presocratic Philosophy |  Pythagoras |  Pythagoreanism |  self-knowledge |  Simplicius |  transcendentalism 