 Not all researchers are as optimistic about the consequences of scientific credit norms like the priority rule. Romero (2017) points out, for example, that the benefits Kitcher and Strevens identify disappear in cases where results are not always replicable. (I.e., where, as in real scientific communities, any particular study could give a misleading result, and thus findings require replications before they can be considered “truth”.) In particular, the priority rule strongly disincentivizes scientists from performing replications because credit is so strongly associated with new, positive findings.