 Amundson defined disability as the loss or deviation from a particular kind of species-typical function: action at the personal level, e.g., the inability to move one’s arm, as opposed to the inability to metabolize sugar. Disabilities that are not products of a process that leads to pain, death, or further impairment are not symptomatic of disease in Amundson’s sense. They are consistent with health narrowly defined. Yet some philosophers (Hausman 2001: 254) find the notion that individuals can be in excellent health if they are blind, deaf, or paraplegic sufficiently implausible to count against analyses of health with that implication.