For Chisholm, entailment is not a merely logical notion. If p entails q, then not only does p logically imply q, it must also be the case, necessarily, that whoever accepts p also accepts q. Chisholm makes use of this distinctive “intentional” concept of entailment to explain the identity conditions of states of affairs. Where p and q are states of affairs, p is the same state of affairs as q if and only if p entails q and q entails p. This explains why Chisholm said that the state of affairs of the author of Marmion being knighted is distinct from the state of affairs of the author of Waverly being knighted, even if the author of Waverly happens to be the author of Marmion. So, for Chisholm, states of affairs are very fine-grained entities.