 Levy and Currie (2015) have criticized this idea. On their view, scientific models such as Lotka’s and Volterra’s (and all the other models discussed in the burgeoning modeling literature) play a completely different role in science than model organisms. In particular, they differ in the way they are used in scientific inferences. In a model such as the mathematical predator-prey model, scientists draw analogical inferences from model to target, inferences that are underwritten by theoretical assumptions. By contrast, model organisms serve as a basis for extrapolations from individual members to a whole class (often but not necessarily on the basis of shared ancestry). Thus, they want to exclude what they call “empirical extrapolation” (a form of induction), which they take to be characteristic for model organism-target inferences from the kind of theoretical inferences that are used to gain knowledge about a target via scientific models in general.