 It should be noted that it is not generally taken for granted that complex properties literally have parts or constituents. Some philosophers take this line (Armstrong 1978a: 36–39, 67ff.; Bigelow &amp; Pargetter 1989; Orilia 1999), whereas others demur, and rather think that talk in terms of structures with constituents is metaphorical and dependent on our reliance on structured terms such as “blue and spherical” (Bealer 1982; Cocchiarella 1986a; Swoyer 1998: §1.2).