 As a nominalist about universals, Ockham had to deal with the Aristotelian claim in the Posterior Analytics that science pertains to certain propositions about what is universal and necessary. He discusses this issue in the Prologue to his Exposition of the  Physics,[37]  and there agrees with Aristotle. But he interprets Aristotle’s dictum as saying that knowledge bears upon certain propositions with general (universal) terms in them; it is only in that sense that science deals with the universal. This of course does not mean that for Ockham our scientific knowledge can never get beyond the level of language to actual things. He distinguishes various senses of ‘to know’ (scire, from which we get scientia or “science”):