 At the root of this more radical version of legal probabilism lies the dream of discerning patterns in the behavior of individuals and improving legal institutions (Hacking 1990). Today’s rapid grow of data—paired with machine learning and the pervasiveness of cost-benefit analysis—has rendered this dream more alive than ever before (Ferguson 2020). For a critique of mathematization, quantification and cost-benefit analysis applied to the justice system, see Allen (2013) and Harcourt (2018). This entry will not, however, discuss this far reaching version of legal probabilism.