 Statements (1) and (3) will both be true given that replacement, while statements (2) and (4) are unaffected, and one will be able to derive the same conclusions as in Rowe’s Bayesian argument.  But if this is so, then the theist can surely claim, it would seem, that the fact that Rowe’s ‘\(P\)’ refers to evil in the world turns out to play no crucial role in Rowe’s new argument!