 In the light of these developments, one might say that the post-genomic gene was disassociated from the notion of a “genetic program”, which was criticized as embodying a preformationist view of development (Keller 2000; Moss 1992; Robert 2004; entry on   theories of biological development).   Some have argued, however, that the concept is still important for reasoning about regulatory mechanisms, highlighting roles and organizational features of genomic elements without excluding others (Baetu 2012b; Calcott 2020). Nonetheless, it appears that post-genomic explanations are rather articulated in terms of signaling, regulatory, or interaction networks than programs (Calcott 2014; Huneman 2019; Planer 2014). Even though genes do not constitute a blueprint of the organism (Pigliucci 2010), DNA and its functional elements provide a form of stability necessary for epigenetic processes to yield robust outcomes (De Tiège et al. 2015; Meunier &amp; Reynaud 2017; Vecchi 2020).