 Ten years later, in the middle of WWII and facing the ravaging effects of the Shoa, Susman notes that the Jewish plight only reflects in the extreme what has become the universal human condition as that of homelessness of the human being on earth, a life in exile; Jewish existence intensifies this condition into an “exile in exile”, scattered among all other nations, “the only people without a land, state, and power” (“Ezechiel der Prophet der Umkehr”, [“Ezekiel: The Prophet of Return”] 1942, DBG 73f. [RPE 109 f.]). The diasporic existence of the Jewish people has become a reminder that the modern human condition has become quintessentially diasporic. As Susman observes in “Das Hiob-Problem bei Franz Kafka” (“The Question of Job in Franz Kafka”, 1929: 45 [RPE 67]): “We are absolutely and entirely in exile”. Not only does the Jewish people lack its own country, state, and political power, but its mode of existence suggests the obsolescence of conventional political wisdom, a vision that aligns with Landauer’s and also has recourse to the prophetic tradition. The stubborn and categorical resistance to instrumental reasoning lodged in this thought suggests that philosophy that turns a deaf ear to creaturely laments and human suffering does not live up to its claims of universal truth. Philosophical thinking that is attuned to suffering is, to Susman’s mind, on the other hand, receptive enough to address the existential need for hope and redemption. Rather than authorizing some cordoned-off philosophy of religion to cater to this need, though, Susman alters philosophy’s approach so that hope can be recognized from within philosophy as a legitimate category crucial for the emancipatory task of thought. But it is the recourse to prophecy, Susman maintains, that has first created the notion of world history in the proper sense as its vision attends to the undying dream of the human heart to illuminate the whole of human history (“Die Friedensbotschaft der Propheten”, [DBG 134]). As Susman argues, the promise of the prophets lies ahead of us: