 It is important to note at the outset that the Pragmatic View takes its name from the linguistic trichotomy discussed above, in the Introduction. This perspective need not imply commitment to, or association with, American Pragmatism (e.g. the work of Charles S. Peirce, William James, or John Dewey; cf. Hookway 2013; Richardson 2002). For instance, Hacking (2007a) distinguishes his pragmatic attitudes from the school of Pragmatism. He maps out alternative historical routes of influence, in general and on him, vis-à-vis fallibilism (via Imre Lakatos, Karl Popper; Hacking 2007a, §1), historically conditioned truthfulness (via Bernard Williams; Hacking 2007a, §3), and realism as intervening (via Francis Everitt, Melissa Franklin; Hacking 2007a, §4). To borrow a term from phylogenetics, the Pragmatic View is “polyphyletic.” The components of its analytical framework have multiple, independent origins, some of which circumnavigate American Pragmatism.