 What Hong and Page demonstrate in simulation is that groups with random heuristics routinely outperform groups composed entirely of the “best” individual performers. They christen their findings the “Diversity Trumps Ability” result. In a replication of their study, the average maximum on the 2000-point terrain for the group of the 9 best individuals comes in at 92.53, with a median of 92.67. The average for a group of 9 random individuals comes in at 94.82, with a median of 94.83. Across 1000 runs in that replication, a higher score was achieved by groups of random agents in 97.6% of all cases (Grim et al. 2019). See  an interactive simulation of Hong and Page’s group deliberation model  in the Other Internet Resources section below. Hong and Page also offer a mathematical theorem as a partial explanation of such a result (Hong &amp; Page 2004). That component of their work has been attacked as trivial or irrelevant (Thompson 2014), though the attack itself has come under criticism as well (Kuehn 2017, Singer 2019).