 In examples philosophers discuss as instances of prisoner's dilemma, it is taken to be obvious that universal cooperation is the most socially desirable outcome. In the voters dilemma, since minimally effective cooperation is pareto superior, one might think that we should aim instead for that outcome. But this seems to depend on the nature of the choices involved. In the medical example it may seem best to vaccinate everyone. In the agricultural example, however, it seems foolish to stipulate that nobody use the commons. Someone who avoids vaccination in the former case is seen as a “free rider”. An underused commons in the latter seems to exemplify “surplus cooperation.” All these cases seem to raise questions of fairness. If t+1 is the size of a minimally effective collection of players, then any profile in which exactly t+1 players cooperate is a pareto optimal equilibrium. If there is no reason to prefer one such profile over another, it is possible that fairness would dictate choosing the inferior outcome of universal cooperation. 