 for example, is truth-valueless when \(t\) is nondenoting (assuming an ordinary neutral semantics that makes the negation of a truth-valueless formula truth-valueless). Hence in such a semantics the law itself is invalid. Yet were we to assign a referent to \(t\), that referent would either be in the extension of \(P\) or not. If it were, then \(Pt\) would be true. If it were not, then \(Pt\) would be false. In either case \({\sim}(Pt \amp{\sim}Pt)\) would be true. Thus, since all possible ways of assigning referents to \(t\) agree in making \({\sim}(Pt \amp{\sim}Pt)\) true, we should count \({\sim}(Pt \amp{\sim}Pt)\) itself as true. In this way the law of noncontradiction can be preserved.