 However, the standard idea is not conceptually or normatively deficient in the ways that West claims it to be. The idea is consistently conjoined with the recognition that, beyond antidiscrimination rights, free and equal citizenship requires rights to police protection, education, and other benefits that modern society can and should provide its members. If the Supreme Court is wrong in failing to recognize such claims as among the basic rights of citizens, then the problem is not with the standard idea but rather with the court’s impoverished understanding of free and equal citizenship. 