 Finally, historians of political thought have drawn attention to the fact that the neoliberals discussed here were sometimes associated with the dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet in Chile. But Buchanan (Farrant &amp; Tarko 2018) and Friedman (Burgin 2012: 205) have at best a scant connection with that regime and were critical of it. Unfortunately, Hayek is another story. Hayek had a partial theory of “transitional dictatorship” that allowed a liberal dictator to avoid socialist outcomes and transition a society into a liberal democracy, and this helps explain some favorable remarks he made on behalf of the Pinochet regime (Farrant, McPhail, &amp; Berger 2012; Biebricher 2018: 142–7; Slobodian 2018: 277). Hayek’s support for the regime does not undermine the democratic commitments of neoliberals, but Hayek was arguably too suspicious of democracy. We can see the dangers in sharply separating liberalism from democracy, which tempts one to choose liberal dictatorship over democratic socialism.