 The putative, reciprocity-based obligation to work does not exist for those who are unjustly disadvantaged in the way described; hence, there can be no question of justice requiring enforcement of this supposed obligation. In addition, any attempt to enforce the non-existent obligation is likely to make the unjust disadvantage worse, for example, in the contemporary US context, by reinforcing degrading historical conceptions of Black people as people whom it is appropriate to force to work (see Shelby 2016, 197–200).