 Let us then return to the thread of theory development that followed widespread accommodation of Binmore’s critique. Bacharach’s scientific executors, Sugden and Gold, in  Bacharach (2006),  pp. 171–173), unlike  Hollis and Sugden (1993),  use the standard convention for payoff interpretation, under which players can only be modeled as cooperating in a one-shot PD if at least one player makes an error. (For some error specifications, (C,C) could arise consistently with QRE as the solution concept.) Under this assumption, Bacharach, Sugden and Gold argue, human game players will often or usually avoid framing situations in such a way that a one-shot PD is the right model of their circumstances. A situation that ‘individualistic’ agents would frame as a PD might be framed by ‘team reasoning’ agents as the Assurance game transformation above. Note that the welfare of the team might make a difference to (cardinal) payoffs without making enough of a difference to trump the lure of unilateral defection. Suppose it bumped them up to 2.5 for each player; then the game would remain a PD. This point is important, since in experiments in which subjects play sequences of one-shot PDs (not repeated PDs, since opponents in the experiments change from round to round), majorities of subjects begin by cooperating but learn to defect as the experiments progress. On Bacharach’s account of this phenomenon, these subjects initially frame the game as team reasoners. However, a minority of subjects frame it as individualistic reasoners and defect, taking free riders’ profits. The team reasoners then re-frame the situation to defend themselves. This introduces a crucial aspect of Bacharach’s account. Individualistic reasoners and team reasoners are not claimed to be different types of people. People, Bacharach maintains, flip back and forth between individualistic agency and participation in team agency.