  Some have argued that familiar notions of belief, desire, and pretense can in fact explain what neologisms like “implicit attitudes” are meant to elucidate (Egan 2011; Kwong 2012; Mandelbaum 2013). Most defend some version of what Schwitzgebel (2010) calls Contradictory Belief (Egan 2008, 2011; Huebner 2009; Gertler 2011; Huddleston 2012; Muller &amp; Bashour 2011; Mandelbaum 2013, 2014,  forthcoming).[9] Drawing upon theories of the “fragmentation” of the mind (Lewis 1982; Stalnaker 1984), Contradictory Belief holds that implicit and explicit measures both reflect what a person believes, and that these different sets of beliefs may be causally responsible for different behavior in different contexts (Egan 2008). In short, if a person behaves in a manner consistent with the belief that black men are dangerous, it is because they believe that black men are dangerous (notwithstanding what they say they believe).