 In this passage, Hutton translates qing as “the natural disposition”. It is important to note that the meaning of qing as the natural disposition does not necessarily mean normative or teleological sense of nature (i.e., nature as an ideal standard or ultimate goal of human life) but spontaneous, unregulated and uncultivated tendencies of human behavior in Xunzi’s philosophy because human qing (人之情) can be disruptive and disorderly (Xunzi, 23).