 Marshall explained that ’social rights’ referred to “the whole range [of rights] from the right to a modicum of economic welfare and security to the right to share to the full in the social heritage and to live the life of a civilized being according to the standards prevailing in the society” (8). Included were rights to “a minimum supply of certain essential goods and services (such as medical attention and supplies, shelter and education) or a minimum money income available to be spent on essentials” (32). Marshall’s social rights were thus radically different from the rights that the Supreme Court had invoked in the Civil Rights Cases: the court’s rights were the rights of persons to associate with others who wanted to associate with them and to exclude from their circle anyone whom they pleased, while Marshall’s were rights to a share of basic social goods access to which he thought was essential to individual well-being, or welfare. Accordingly, Marshall was suggesting that what came to be called “welfare rights” were among the rights of free and equal citizens and thus were “civil rights” in the broad sense. 