 Existence is pure goodness (Mulla Sadra 2001–5, I: 395–7). Mulla Sadra reiterates this basic Neoplatonic maxim. Existence is the ground for all value and its absence constitutes evil. Because existence is a primary concept without which no other concept is meaningful, it is rationally good. This goodness stems from its principle, God, who is pure goodness and pure existence and through his sustaining providence wishes to spread that goodness throughout the cosmos.