 Principle (SP) is also of much use in the ravens problem. Posit \(h = \forall x(raven(x)\rightarrow black(x))\) once again. Just as HD, Bayesian relevance confirmation directly implies that \(e = black(a)\) confirms \(h\) given \(k = raven(a)\) and \(e^* =\neg raven(a)\) confirms \(h\) given \(k^* =\neg black(a)\) (provided, as we know, that \(P(e\mid k)\lt 1\) and \(P(e^*\mid k^*)\lt 1).\) That’s because \(h \wedge k\vDash e\) and \(h \wedge k^*\vDash e^*.\) But of course, to have \(h\) confirmed, sampling ravens and finding a black one is intuitively more significant than failing to find a raven while sampling the enormous set of the non-black objects. That is, it seems, because the latter is very likely to obtain anyway, whether or not \(h\) is true, so that \(P(e^*\mid k^*)\) is actually quite close to unity. Accordingly, (SP) implies that \(h\) is indeed more strongly confirmed by \(black(a)\) given \(raven(a)\) than it is by \(\neg raven(a)\) given \(\neg black(a)\)—that is, \(C_{P}(h, e\mid k)\gt C_{P}(h, e^*\mid k^*)\)—as long as the assumption \(P(e\mid k)\lt P(e^*\mid k^*)\) applies. 