 Perhaps there is a way of reconciling the two perspectives. In recent years, a new kind of epistemology has emerged that sees no contradiction in viewing science both as a profoundly social activity and at the same time as rational. This, of course, is social epistemology (e.g., Goldman 1999; Longino 2002; Solomon 2001). Social epistemologists try to show that social interactions in scientific groups or communities can give rise to a practice that is rational, although perhaps not in exactly the same way as epistemological individualists have imagined it.