 Kuipers (2000, 25) suggested that one can live with the irrelevant conjunction problem because, on the conditions specified, \(e\) would still not HD-confirm \(q\) alone (given \(k\)), so that HD-confirmation can be “localized”: \(h\) is the only bit of the conjunction \(h\wedge q\) that gets any confirmation on its own, as it were. Other authors have been reluctant to bite the bullet and have engaged in technical refinements of the “naïve” HD view. In these proposals, the spread of HD-confirmation upon frivolous conjunctions can be blocked at the expense of some additional logical machinery (see Gemes 1993, 1998; Schurz 1991, 1994).