 University philosophy continued in its established patterns, with some important changes (such as dropping study of the Metaphysics) in Protestant countries, until late in the seventeenth century. In the Iberian peninsula, the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were the period in which philosophical theology, studied in the established university manner, flourished (see entry on the  School of Salamanca).  The tradition is continuous with the earlier Parisian one, since its founder, Francisco de Vitoria (1486–1546) was a pupil of the last of the great Paris University theologians, the Scot John Major (1467–1550). Among Vitoria’s well-known successors were Domingo de Soto (d. 1560), Luis de Molina (d. 1600)—who held that God has a special knowledge of the choices we shall make, but that he does not control these choices, and  Francisco Suárez  (b. 1548), one of the deepest and most powerful thinkers in the whole Latin tradition. One of the few big differences from earlier medieval university thinking was the central importance given to Aquinas (although Suárez was also influenced by Scotus and Ockham), whose Summa Theologiae was now an object of commentary. Suárez’s death in 1617 (more than twenty years after Descartes’s birth) does not mark the end of this university tradition, but its development into the adventurous thought, striking out in new directions in metaphysics and meta-ethics, of until recently forgotten thinkers such as Pedro Hurtado de Mendoza (d. 1641), his pupil, Rodrigo de Arriaga (d. 1667) and Juan Caramuel y Lobkowitz (d. 1682).