 In the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, Wilhelm Dilthey (1833–1911) became the most celebrated advocate of the idea that the human sciences—in German, the Geisteswissenschaften, such as history—had a different focus than the natural sciences, and centered on the idea of inner or lived experience. (See Dilthey 1883 [1989] for a characteristic work.) Someone’s lived experience, moreover, was constituted not only by their beliefs or attitudes, but also by their emotions and volitions. For Dilthey, as Frederick Beiser puts the idea,