 The constructive character of remembering poses a problem for the sufficiency of the appropriate causation condition, as we have seen, but it also poses a problem for its necessity. In an attempt to render the causal theory compatible with the findings of constructive memory research, Michaelian (2011a) suggests modifying it so that it permits the content of the retrieved representation to go beyond that of the original experience, as long as two conditions are met: first, the content of the retrieved representation must not go “too far” beyond that of the experience; second, the memory system must function reliably when it generates the new content. The first of these conditions is problematically vague. Moreover, there appears to be no way of drawing a meaningful boundary between cases in which the content of the representation does not go too far beyond that of the experience and cases in which it does. In some cases, a majority of the content may derive from the experience. In some cases, only a minority of the content may derive from the experience. As long as part of the content was included in the experience, the causal theorist can in principle classify the representation as a genuine memory. In some cases, however, none of the content at all may derive from the experience. Once the fraction of the content that was included in the experience drops to zero, the causal theorist is bound to classify the representation as a merely apparent memory. Given the reconstructive character of remembering, however, such cases are bound to occur, and it is not clear why the mere preservation of some content, no matter how little, should make a qualitative difference between genuine and merely apparent memory.