 By conceptualizing women and their fetuses or newborns as having conflicting interests, rather than as in symbiotic harmony (as they usually are), the medical establishment promotes an adversarial view which lends itself to overriding pregnant women’s treatment decisions. Such interventions, such as court-ordered C-sections, are especially problematic when similar interventions would not be imposed on parents to save a born child’s life (such as a court-ordered blood transfusion); this inconsistency suggests a bias against pregnant women’s decision-making capacity. Understandings of pregnancy and motherhood, feminists argue, need to be enriched by considering women’s experience of pregnancy and moving away from an antagonistic medical model, as well as appreciating how that model has been socially constructed (Purdy 1990; Kukla 2005; Mullin 2005).