 With respect to the Liar Paradox, the apparent conflict between deflationism and the gap has led some (e.g., Simmons 1999) to conclude that deflationism is hobbled with respect to dealing with the problem, since most prominent approaches to doing so, stemming from the work of Saul Kripke (1975), involve an appeal to truth-value gaps. One alternative strategy a deflationist might pursue in attempting to resolve the Liar is to offer a non-classical logic. Field 2008 adopts this approach and restricts the law of the excluded middle. JC Beall (2002) combines truth-value gaps with Kleene logic (see the entry on  many-valued Logic)  and makes use of both weak and strong  negation.  Armour-Garb and Beall (2001, 2003) argue that deflationists can and should be  dialetheists  and accept that some truthbearers are both true and not true (see also, Woodbridge 2005, 152–3, on adopting a  paraconsistent logic  that remains “quasi-classical”). By contrast, Armour-Garb and Woodbridge (2013, 2015) develop a version of the “meaningless strategy” with respect to the Liar (based on Grover 1977), which they claim a deflationist can use to dissolve that paradox and semantic pathology more generally, without accepting genuine truth-value gaps or giving up classical logic.