 Levinson (2000: 76, 114, 137) adopts similar principles, which he calls “Q” and “I” (for  “Informativeness”).[45]  Since Horn believes that interpretations like [10a] are derivable from the R-principle, he calls them “R-based implicatures”. The assumption is that there is no reason to make a stronger statement (say more) if the extra information can be contributed by implicature. Implicature [11b] is similarly described as “Q-based”. The assumption is that if the speaker did not make a stronger statement (say more), its denial was implicated.