 Actions are unknown because “nothing…can be more incomplete than [one’s] image of the totality of drives which constitute [a man’s] being” (D 119). One “can scarcely name even the cruder ones: their number and strength, their ebb and flow, their play and counterplay among one another, and above all the laws of their nutriment remain wholly unknown” (D 119). But as Nietzsche argues elsewhere (e.g., D 109), the self is merely the arena in which the struggle of drives plays itself out, and one’s actions are the outcomes of the struggle (see Leiter 2002: 99–104; cf. Riccardi 2015b; for a general account of Nietzsche’s philosophical psychology of drives, see Katsafanas 2013a).