 For truth values such a criterion has been suggested in Anderson and Zalta (2004: 2), stating that for any two sentences \(p\) and \(q\), the truth value of \(p\) is identical with the truth value of \(q\) if and only if \(p\) is (non-logically) equivalent with \(q\) (cf. also Dummett 1959: 141). This idea can be formally explicated following the style of presentation in Lowe (1997: 620):