 According to Smith, roughly, a deductive inference from p to q fails to transmit to q justification relative to p’s basis e, if e is a contributing reliable basis for believing p but is a non-contributing reliable basis for believing q. In this case the inference fails to explain q’s reliability: if s deduced one proposition from another, she would reliably believe that q, but not — not even in part — in virtue of having inferred this proposition from p (as held on the basis of e). Zebra fails to transmit to Q3 justification relative to P3’s basis E3 in this precise sense. (Smith 2009 also includes an account of failure of transmission of knowledge across valid inference criticized by Tucker 2012. A discussion of this account is beyond the aims of this entry.)