 Philo’s interest in students’ autonomy in dialectical criticism is most often related to his mitigated skepticism (Long &amp; Sedley 1987, 1:449: Ioppolo 1993: 210; Brittain 2001: 111–4; Tarrant 2018). As mentioned above, Philo’s educational interests are shared by the Academics Charmadas (Cicero On the Orator 1.84) and Favorinus (Galen On the Best Method of Teaching), whom some identify as mitigated skeptics (see Brittain 2001: 213–4; Tarrant 1985: ch. 2 &amp; 2018: 83; Brittain 2007: 302; Ioppolo 1993). And since the same concerns about rational norms carry over from Philo’s mitigated skepticism to his reconstructed fallibilism (see  section 3.4),  it is likely Philo retained this pedagogical view in his Roman Books (see also  section 5).