 The compositional approach has been very influential in Western thought. As for the first element, practically all ancient and medieval theories were cognitive, associating some kind of evaluative representation with an emotion as its principal constituent. While the Stoics, following their reason-centered rationalist psychology, argued that it is philosophically sufficient to treat emotions simply as mistaken value-judgments, it was more common in ancient and medieval times to follow the view of Plato and Aristotle, who distinguished between the non-emotional intellectual power and the lower emotional parts of the soul, which were eliminated by the Stoics. This was the prevailing medieval view until the Franciscan conception of the passions of the intellectual faculty of the will (Knuuttila 2004).