 Concerning international politics, Herder has often been classified as a “nationalist” or (perhaps even worse) a “German nationalist” (for example, by R.R. Ergang in Herder and the Foundations of German Nationalism [1931] and K.R. Popper in The Open Society and its Enemies [1945]). Some other philosophers from the period deserve such a characterization (for instance, Fichte). But where Herder is concerned it is deeply misleading and unjust. On the contrary, like Kant’s, his fundamental position in international politics is a committed cosmopolitanism, an impartial concern for all human beings. This is a large part of the force of his ideal of “humanity”. Hence, for example, in the Letters for the Advancement he approvingly quotes Fénelon’s remark, “I love my family more than myself; more than my family my fatherland; more than my fatherland humankind” (HPW 389). Moreover, Herder’s cosmopolitanism is arguably a good deal purer than Kant’s. Kant’s is undermined by various prejudices that he harbors – in particular, racism, antisemitism, and misogyny (for a charitable discussion, see Kleingeld 2013). By contrast, Herder’s is free of such prejudices, which he indeed worked tirelessly to combat.