 One of the ways in which philosophy connects to the study of animal cognition has to do with the fact that, as with any science, there are numerous philosophical assumptions embedded in the practice of comparative cognition research. Scientists, like all humans, make choices about how to use terms, they are swayed to formulate questions and seek data given the values they have, they have assumptions about the topics under study, as well as views about what makes for a scientifically respectable interpretation of data and the virtues of a good scientific explanation. Scientists have the goal of seeking objectivity, but seeking objectivity can itself introduce new biases, as we know from work in the philosophy of science on objectivity and feminist philosophy of science. This is as true in animal cognition research as in any other science (Andrews 2020c).