 Separating the question of how to choose a normative standard from questions about how to evaluate or describe behavior is an important tool to reduce misunderstandings that arise in discussions of bounded rationality. Even though Peano’s axioms would never be prescribed to improve, nor proposed to describe, arithmetical reasoning, it does not follow that the Peano axioms of arithmetic are irrelevant to descriptive and prescriptive theories of arithmetic. While it remains an open question whether the normative standards for human rational behavior admit axiomatization, there should be little doubt over the positive role that clear normative standards play in advancing our understanding of how people render judgments, or make decisions, and how they ought to do so.