 On the standard picture that almost all classical Indian philosophers work with, the relata of the causal relation are not just events, but are rather things (which may include events). When a lumberjack chops down a tree with his axe, the relata of the relevant causal relation are not the event of the tree’s falling (i.e., the effect) and the event of the lumberjack hitting the tree with his axe. Rather, the causal relation holds between the event of the tree’s falling (i.e., the effect) and a set of distinct entities, e.g., the axe, the lumberjack who wields the axe, the contact between the tree and the axe, etc. Call these causally relevant factors the causal conditions (kāraṇa) for the falling of the tree.