 There are also intermediate views. One such view sees today’s ensemble projection studies as imperfect investigations of uncertainty, whose results should be considered by experts alongside all other available information when reaching conclusions about future climate change; those conclusions might take various forms, depending on the variable under consideration (see, e.g., Kandlikar et al. 2005; Mastrandrea et al. 2010). For example, in its recent assessment reports, the IPCC relied on ensemble modeling results, background knowledge and expert judgment to arrive at “likely” ranges for changes in near-surface global mean temperature under different scenarios; the experts judged it to be likely (i.e., probability &gt;0.66) that the temperature change would fall within the 5% to 95% range of the CMIP5 ensemble results (Collins et al. 2013: 1031). For the moderate emission scenario known as RCP6.0, for instance, the conclusion was that the global mean temperature during 2081–2100 would likely be between 1.4 and 3.1 degrees Celsius warmer than during 1986–2005 (ibid.). The IPCC thus asserted more than that the changes projected by the CMIP5 ensemble were possibilities, but they did not go so far as to assign a single, full probability density function over temperature change values.