 Nominalists eschew mind-independent universals. They may either resort to tropes in their stead, or accept predicate nominalism, which tries to make it without mind-independent properties at all, by taking the predicates themselves to do the classifying job that properties are supposed to do. This is especially indigestible to a realist, since it seems to put the cart before the horse by making language and mind responsible for the similarities we find in the rich varieties of things surrounding us. Some even say that this involves an idealist rejection of a mind-independent world (Hochberg 2013). Conceptualists also deny that there are mind-independent universals, and because of this they are often assimilated to nominalists. Still, they can be distinguished insofar as they replace such universals with concepts, understood as non-linguistic mind-dependent entities, typically functioning as meanings of predicates. The mind-dependence of concepts however makes conceptualism liable to the same kind of cart/horse worry just voiced above in relation to predicate  nominalism.[3]