 It is worth remarking, however, that Jones’s label “a new law of thought” is somewhat misleading. In the nineteenth century, the laws of thought were commonly understood to be the following: the law of identity, the law of non-contradiction, and the law of excluded middle. These are all easily statable in a first-order language. But Jones does not state a new firs-order law, in addition to these three; nor does she explain how the new “law” can supplant the law of identity. 