 The possibility of error raises special difficulties for team play with signaling of this kind: an incorrect signal could be accidentally sent, or a correct signal could be misintepreted. Rogers et al (the Southampton group) realized that the problem of sending and receiving signals when error is possible is a well-studied problem in computer science: reliable communication over a noisy channel. In both 2004 and 2005 one of the IPD tournaments organized by Kendall et al introduced noise to simulate the possibility of error. By employing some of the standard error-correcting codes designed to deal with communication over a noisy channel as their signaling protocol, the Southampton group won both with a comfortable margin. 