 Views on matters of unity and unification make a difference in both science and philosophy. In science they provide strong heuristic or methodological guidance and even justification for hypotheses, projects, and specific goals. In this sense, different rallying cries and idioms such as simplicity, unity, disunity, emergence or interdisciplinarity, have been endowed with a normative value. Their evaluative role extends broadly. They are used to provide legitimacy, even if rhetorically, in social contexts especially in situations involving sources of funding and profit. They set a standard of what carries the authority and legitimacy of what it is to be scientific. As a result, they make a difference in scientific evaluation, management and application, especially in public domains such as healthcare and economic decision-making. For instance, pointing to the complexity of causal structures challenges traditional deterministic or simple causal strategies of policy decision-making with known risks and unknown effects of known properties (Mitchell 2009). Last but not least is the influence that implicit assumptions about what unification can do have on science education (Klein 1990).