 If all quantifier domains were provided by Austinian topic situations, (19) would seem to make contradictory demands on such a situation. Assuming that there is just a single topic situation for utterances of (19), we seem to predict that those utterances imply that the research assistants are among those who are asleep. But there is no such implication. Soames is aware that proponents of the Austinian approach are not committed to the assumption that all domain restrictions are directly provided by Austinian topic situations (Soames 1986, footnote 17, 371), and he therefore emphasizes that he is only commenting on the particular account of domain restrictions offered in Barwise and Perry (1983, 1985). Soames’ objection does not apply to Cooper 1996, for example, who allows quantifier domains to be determined by different resource situations, which he distinguishes from the Austinian topic situation (his “described situation”). The objection also does not apply to possibilistic versions of situation semantics, where every predicate is necessarily evaluated with respect to an actual or possible situation. Different predicates in one and the same sentence can then be evaluated with respect to different situations (Heim 1990, Percus 2000, Elbourne 2002, 2005, 2013). A possible interpretation for (19) might be (20):