 The orthodox view, expressed here by Kastner and Ungerleider, is subject to differing interpretations. Those who believe that perception and cognition are best thought of as arising from a hierarchical Bayesian process might reject the idea that information progresses through the nervous system in a bottom-up fashion, with the detection of simple properties happening at an early stage, and the detection of more complex properties happening at a later one. Current advocates of such hierarchical Bayesian theories place great emphasis on the idea that the prior hypotheses required by a Bayesian inference can be generated in a top-down fashion, and can then be tested against incoming signals which contain information only about the ways in which the predictions generated by those hypotheses are in error (Hohwy, 2013). Such theories break from the tradition of thinking about the information flow in the brain as being largely one-way, but they retain the idea that information is organized into a structure with earlier and later stages, with these stages now being understood as corresponding to the more or less abstract layers in an hierarchically organized Bayesian inference. They therefore retain the idea that there are earlier and later stages in the processing of any given stimulus, while rejecting the idea that there is one predominant direction of information flow in the brain. Since this much linearity remains in our current thinking about the architecture of perceptual processing, we cannot coherently blame an assumption about this much linearity for the troubles that led to the fruitlessness of the debate between early and late selectionists.