 Although the discussion on downward causation relies heavily on the notion of levels, this notion itself has not received much explicit attention. However, recently the account of levels of mechanisms has been put to use to provide a new take on the issue (Bechtel 2008; Craver &amp; Bechtel 2007; Craver 2015). The idea is that genuine top-down or downward causation does not exist; there are just normal same-level causal relationships that sometimes have “mechanistically mediated” effects downward in the mechanism. What is meant by “mechanistically mediated” is that changes in the higher levels of the mechanism immediately result in changes in the lower levels of the mechanisms due to the constitutive relationship between the higher-level mechanism and its lower-level components. Mechanistically mediated effects may have the initial appearance of downward causation, but the relationship between the mechanism and its components is constitutive, not causal, and therefore mechanistically mediated effects are not causal.