 (ii) The vacuum expectation value or VEV interpretation, advocated by Wayne (2002), exploits a theorem by Wightman (1956). According to this reconstruction theorem all the information that is encoded in quantum field operators can be equivalently described by an infinite hierarchy of \(n\)-point vacuum expectation values, namely the expectation values of all products of quantum field operators at \(n\) (in general different) space-time points, calculated for the vacuum state. Since this collection of vacuum expectation values comprises only definite physical values it qualifies as a proper field configuration, and, Wayne argues, due to Wightman’s theorem, so does the equivalent set of quantum field operators. Thus, and this is the upshot of Wayne’s argument, an ascription of quantum field operators to all space-time points does by itself constitute a field configuration, namely for the vacuum state, even if this is not the actual state.