 Sophismata discussed in the form of a disputation usually involve the offering of arguments both for the truth and for the falsity of the proposition, resolved by a master. The resolution might only be a statement about whether the sophism is true or false; then, more elaborate replies to objections to the master’s view might be discussed. This form can be complicated by the addition of a response offered and defended and then further attacked, and then once again defended by responses to the new set of opposing arguments. Oral disputations on sophisms, the origin of much of the sophismata literature, were an important part of the school curriculum (see Courtenay 1987). Students would serve as opponent and then respondent in a series of disputations under the direction of a master. Ashworth notes that some sophismata, such as those by Kilvington and Heytesbury, were original compositions, not edited versions of live debates (Ashworth 1992, 519). (For more about Kilvington’s sophismata, see the edition with translation and commentary by Kretzmann and Kretzmann 1990.) The discussion of sophisms occurs in three different settings in the medieval literature: first, sophisms which are discussed in works on different topics where the sophism raises certain questions germaine to that topic; second, works by a single author which examine a series of sophisms (e.g., the sophismata of Albert of Saxony or John Buridan), and third, collections of sophisms discussed by diverse authors (Read 1993).