 In “Of the Rise and Progress of the Arts and Sciences,” Hume connects political and intellectual development.  He begins with the presumption that scientific and artistic progress requires a background of political security.  From this claim, he argues that the arts and sciences cannot arise in a society without the rule of law. Hume also asserts that no monarchy can develop the rule of law on its own, while republics must develop the rule of law if they are to survive at all.  He concludes that the arts and sciences first emerge in republics, not monarchies (1777, 59–62). 