 There are some empirical results that engage epiphenomenalism in several ways. These empirical results do not cut as deeply as the foregoing arguments, for they do not claim to show that consciousness is completely inefficacious. In particular, they do not show, and are not aimed at showing, that episodes of consciousness do not causally contribute to reports of such episodes. They suggest instead that the reported consciousness is not causally related to our nonlinguistic behavior in ways that we ordinarily suppose.