 A distinction between Church and State—more exactly, between the priesthood and the power of the emperor, each independent in its own sphere, though the priesthood has the higher function. The classic place for this doctrine is the canon Duo  sunt.[29]  Another canon, Cum ad verum, gave reasons for the separation: mutual limitation of their powers would restrain the pride of priest and emperor, and those on God’s service (the clergy) should be kept free of worldly entanglements (D. 96 c. 6; translated in Tierney 1980: 14–15). This was also the force of the canons Sicut enim and Te  quidem.[30] 