In yet other places ([P&amp;O], 104), Chisholm pursues another line of thought. Note for example that if a certain ship (an ens per alio) has a property such as the property of weighing so-and-so many pounds at a certain time, it has this property in virtue of the fact that the ens per se that constitutes it at that time actually has that property. The “stand-in” really has the property; the logical construction “borrows” the property from the stand-in. But Chisholm considers himself at a time when he has the property of hoping for rain. He asks whether he himself actually has that property, or whether instead he just borrows it from some stand-in. He dismisses this suggestion, saying that it ‘is not to be taken seriously’. If there are two things present (the persistent Chisholm and the temporary stand in), and each of them is hoping for rain, then surely it is Chisholm himself who more fundamentally has the property and his stand-in who has it derivatively. In this case, Chisholm himself must be an ens per se.