 In the same work, Wall also shows that the Generalized Second Law has a striking positive conclusion: a “quantum singularity theorem”, which shows that, even when quantum effects are taken into account, spacetime will still be geodesically incomplete inside black holes and to the past in cosmological models (like the currently most well supported ones, which start with a Big Bang singularity). This flies directly in the face of the pious hopes of most physicists that quantum effects, and in particular the hoped-for theory of quantum gravity, will efface singularities from spacetime. (See, e.g., Ashtekar and Bojowald 2006, Ashtekar et al. 2006, and Kiefer 2010 for typical sentiments along these lines, along with typical arguments forwarded to support them, in the context of canonical quantum gravity, and Roiban 2006 and Das 2007 for the same in the context of string theory; it is noteworthy that Roiban also discusses known cases where it appears that string theory does not necessarily efface singularities.) 