 But what are contrary awareness-episodes? The opponent cannot say that contrary awareness-episodes are just false awareness-episodes, because that would make this proposal equivalent to knowledge ii; for, now, knowledge iii will just entail that knowledge is non-mnemonic awareness of the truth produced by a method that doesn’t possess a property that is conducive to the production of false awareness-episodes. If the qualifier “contrary” is supposed to rule out knowledge, then the opponent won’t be able to define knowledge in knowledge-independent terms. Therefore, her definition of knowledge will be circular.