 In addition to its four forms of embodiment, Kūkai (in his Sokushinjōbutsugi chs. 3, 4, 5) systematically elucidates three aspects as belonging to the hosshin in its cosmic significance: the six universal elements (rokudai) as comprising its own body or somaticity (hontai), the four mandalas (shimandara) as constituting its “marks” or forms of appearance (yōsō), and the three mysteries (sanmitsu) constituting its functions (sayō). In all three aspects, there is involved an interrelationship of non-duality between its macro-cosmic significance and its micro-cosmic significance, that is, between the hosshin qua cosmos as a whole and the practitioner as a being forming a part of, and partaking in, the cosmos. The three aspects interpenetrate to make-up the macrocosmos while in their non-duality with cosmic constituents, they become manifest through successful Shingon practice and in one’s consequent enlightenment.