 More recently, some (e.g. Tresan 2006, 2009a, 2009b) have argued that when understood as what Bjorklund et al. (2012) call “non-constitutional,” motivational judgment internalism is compatible not only with Smithian rationalism, but with a wide variety of cognitivist metaethical theories. “Non-constitutional internalism” (or what Tresan calls “SM internalism”) is the view that according to our concept of a moral belief, a mental state counts as a moral belief only if it is accompanied by motivation. Necessarily, if p is a moral belief, then p is accompanied by motivation. According to Tresan, once we recognize this form of internalism, we see that it is compatible with almost any version of cognitivism, and so with a range of metaethical views, including forms of ethical naturalism (2006: 68). This contrasts with attempts to combine internalism and cognitivism on the grounds that the nature of moral belief is such as to guarantee motivation (at least under certain conditions) either because of the content of moral beliefs (Smith 1994) or because moral beliefs are themselves intrinsically motivating states (Dancy 1993). (See Bjorklund et al. 2011).