 Bartkowski (2019) in his “Valuation of Biodiversity” review, notes that perspectives about economic values of “biodiversity” typically have focussed on individual elements, with the less-attention to the values of variety, including both option and insurance values. This concern echoes earlier debates that have examined whether option value applies to biodiversity-as-variety, and not just to specific elements. Consideration of the potential future benefits from individual species can be interpreted as implying a value for variety (Maclaurin &amp; Sterelny 2008: 154):