 Second, denotationless terms are dealt with along the lines of free logic by Dana Scott (1967). An improper description, for example, denotes nothing in the domain of discourse. Atomic sentences containing denotationless terms are either true or false. An identity statement that contains a denotationless term on both sides is always true. If just one side of an identity formula has an occurrence of a denotationless term, this identity statement is false.