 One reason for thinking that moral judgments essentially involve some emotional component is that they tend to motivate us. Internalism is the view that there is a necessary connection between moral judgment and motivation. This contrasts with externalism, which doesn’t deny that moral judgments are usually motivating, but does deny that they are necessarily so, as the link between judgment and motivation is only contingent. Since emotions are intrinsically motivational, showing that moral judgments consist, even in part, of emotions would vindicate internalism. One route to this conclusion has involved surveying people’s intuitions about moral judgment. Nichols (2002: 289) asked subjects whether an agent who “had no emotional reaction to hurting other people” but claims to know that hurting others is wrong really understands that hurting others is wrong. He found that most subjects did attribute knowledge in such cases, suggesting that the ordinary concept of moral judgment is externalist, a claim that is further supported by Strandberg and Björklund (2013). An additional source of evidence comes from psychopaths and patients with traumatic brain injuries, both of whom show evidence of impaired moral functioning—though how one regards this evidence depends on which perspective one begins with: while externalists (Nichols 2002; Roskies 2003) claim that the existence of psychopaths provides a counterexample to the claim that moral judgment is motivating (since psychopaths lack empathy and an aversion to harming others), internalists (Smith 1994; Maibom 2005; Kennett &amp; Fine 2008) argue that psychopaths don’t actually make full-fledged moral judgments. Psychologist Robert Hare (1993: 129) quotes a researcher as saying that, they “know the words but not the music.” Psychopaths also display other cognitive and affective deficiencies, as evidenced by their poor decision-making skills in other areas. This may mean that they should not be taken as evidence against internalism.