 Kenneth Hammond and colleagues (K. Hammond, Hursch, &amp; Todd 1964) formulated Brunswik’s lens model as a system of linear bivariate correlations, as depicted in  Figure 2  (Hogarth &amp; Karelaia 2007). Informally,  Figure 2  says that the accuracy of a subject’s judgment (response), \(Y_s\), about a numerical target criterion, \(Y_e\), given some informative cues (features) \(X_1, \ldots, X_n\), is determined by the correlation between the subject’s response and the target. More specifically, the linear lens model imagines two large linear systems, one for the environment, e, and another for the subject, s, which both share a set of cues, \(X_1, \ldots, X_n\). Note that cues may be associated with one another, i.e., it is possible that \(\rho(X_i,X_j) \neq 0\) for indices \(i\neq j\) from 1 to n.