 One defense of Truman that she mentions and briefly opposes goes like this: Truman didn’t really kill anybody; he merely signed a piece of paper. Another goes like this: if killing innocent people were really murderous, then it would be murderous to kill enemy soldiers while they are sleeping, for at that moment they aren’t harming anyone (MTD, 67). Both of these moves rest on an implicit view of what action (e.g. killing, harming) is. Opposing this view of action motivated Anscombe’s own later work on action and intention, discussed below in Section 4.