 The preface paradox pressures Kyburg to extend his tolerance of joint inconsistency to the acceptance of contradictions. For Makinson’s original specimen is a logician’s regret at affirming contradictions rather than false contingent statements. Consider a logic student who is required to pick one hundred truths from a mixed list of tautologies and contradictions (Sorensen 2001, 156–158). Although the modest student believes each of his answers, \(A_1, A_2, \ldots, A_{100}\), he also believes that at least of one these answers is false. This ensures he believes a contradiction. If any of his answers is false, then the student believes a contradiction (because the only falsehoods on the question list are contradictions). If all of his test answers are true, then the student believes the following contradiction: \({\sim}(A_1 \amp A_2 \amp \ldots \amp A_{100})\). After all, a conjunction of tautologies is itself a tautology and the negation of any tautology is a contradiction.