 In a later discussion, van Inwagen goes farther, claiming that trinitarian doctrine is inconsistent “if the standard logic of identity is correct”, and denying there is any “relation that is both universally reflexive [i.e., everything bears the relation to itself] and forces indiscernibility [i.e. things standing in the relation can’t differ]” (2003, 92). Thus, there’s no such relation as classical or absolute identity, but there are instead only various relative identity relations (92–3). In so doing he moves to a “pure” relative identity approach to the Trinity, as described in section  2.1.1.