 The first result of this nature was presented by Bovens and Hartmann (2003). Their definition of truth conduciveness deviates slightly from the standard account given above. As they define it, a measure \(C\) is truth conducive if and only if, for all sets \(S\) and \(S'\), if \(S\) is at least as coherent as \(S'\) according to \(C\), then \(S\) is at least as likely to be true as \(S'\) ceteris paribus and given independence and individual credibility. Very roughly, their proof has the following structure: They show that there are sets \(S\) and \(S'\), each containing three propositions, such that which set is more likely to be true will depend on the level at which the individual credibility (reliability) is held fixed. Thus for lower degrees of reliability, one set, say \(S\), will be more probable than the other set, \(S'\); for higher degrees of reliability, the situation will be reversed. One can now find a counterexample to the truth conduciveness of any measure \(C\) through a strategic choice of the level at which the reliability is held fixed. Suppose for instance that, according to \(C\), the set \(S\) is more coherent than the set \(S'\). In order to construct a counterexample to \(C\)’s truth conduciveness, we set the reliability to a value for which \(S'\) will be more probable than \(S\). If, on the other hand, \(C\) makes \(S'\) more coherent than \(S\), we fix the reliability to a level at which \(S\) will be the more probable set. For the details, see Bovens and Hartmann (2003, section 1.4).