 Plotinus’s view is effectively a hybrid of Privation Theory and Matter Theory: for him, privation only occurs when some of the matter in something is unformed or unmastered by a form (see Enneads I, 8, 5, 19–26). But even if other Privation Theorists do not view privation in this way, the conception of evil as infinitely distant from reason and intelligibility survives. In other words, Ignorance, Original Sin, and other misuses of freedom are not necessarily a function of irrational matter, but they are still opposed to rational mind. Descartes is illustrative here: for him, the only teleology (and privation) in the world relates to the souls—and in particular the wills—of human beings. Material substance is mechanistic, and aggregates of it (in the forms of animals and plants) can be explained mechanistically, without invoking teleology or kind-relative values (compare Newlands 2019).