 Another example is seen in research on social learning and imitation in nonhuman great apes that is grounded in the theory that the significant difference between humans and other animals rests on the cumulative nature of human culture (e.g., Dennett 2017; Henrich 2016; Heyes 2018; Sterelny 2012; Tomasello 2016). According to this theory, humans learn cultural behavior by a process of high-fidelity imitation in which even causally irrelevant aspects of the behavior are copied—overimitation—and subsequent generations innovate improvements that lead to an ever-growing technological society. Overimitation is understood here to be a capacity towards which humans are strongly drawn and that is thought to be driven by social factors, such as a desire to “fit in”. Great apes have been tested for overimitation several times and scientists have failed to find robust evidence that they overimitate (though, complicating this story, there is evidence that chimpanzees sometimes overimitate those with whom they have a long-term relationship (Myowa-Yamakoshi &amp; Matsuzawa 2000) and that domestic dogs sometimes overimitate their human companion (Huber et al. 2018; Huber et al. 2020)). In contrast, young children will readily overimitate the actions of selective experimenters (Clay &amp; Tennie 2018). Scientists have described this pattern of results as a “failure” on behalf of the apes and a “success” on behalf of the children, and are taken to bolster the claim that apes lack cumulative culture given theories of cultural learning.