 Hume’s benevolence in Baxter’s example is what Armstrong calls a state of affairs. In fact, Armstrong was temporarily swayed by Baxter’s partial identity view of states of affairs, but then went on to object to the view on the grounds that partial identity cannot be merely contingent. Thus, for later Armstrong, “once one has identity, even if only partial identity, there will be found necessity” (Armstrong 2005: 317). A particular, thus, necessarily has all the properties that it in fact has, and the universal necessarily has the instances that it has. This outcome secures the unity of particulars and universals but at a cost of embracing a strong version of necessitarianism.