 In sum, whereas Muʿtazilite theologians appealed to divine justice to show that the circle of agents includes God and humanity, al-Ashʿarī and his followers appealed to divine omnipotence to limit agency to God alone. Broadly speaking, Ashʿarite theologians seem to endorse occasionalism, the view that God is the only true cause. Some interpreters, however, consider al-Ashʿarī’s claim that human beings are the subjects of temporary powers for specific actions to indicate that his position falls short of full-blown occasionalism (Frank 1966).