 Mary Whiton Calkins (1863–1930) studied under pragmatists William James and Josiah Royce at Harvard, primarily working in psychology, which was then a sub-field of philosophy. In 1905, Calkins became the first woman president of the American Psychological Association and in 1918 became the first woman president of the American Philosophical Association. She was an advocate for women’s suffrage, claiming in 1905 that “a distinction based on difference of sex is artificial and illogical” (Harper (ed.) 1922: 171). While not generally categorized as a pragmatist philosopher, her influence as a female philosopher created a pathway for other women philosophers.