 The Naive Russellian says that (4) is true (given that (1) is true and (1) and (4) say the same thing). But an utterance of (4) may nonetheless be very misleading and impart something false. Although Lois believes that Clark Kent is strong, she would not accept the sentence ‘Clark Kent is strong’. According to the pragmatic explanation of why people wrongly intuit that (4) is false, it is based on a confusion of semantics with pragmatics, as a typical utterance of (4) does pragmatically implicate something false. On this view, then, (4) is a true but misleading report of a belief Lois does indeed have. Let’s call this the standard Naive Russellian view.