 On one way of reading his work, John Stuart Mill offered arguments against some immediately given sense data before they had been so named. Mill did not deny Hamilton’s premise that whatever is immediately and intuitively known in consciousness is known with certainty (Examination, 126), but he contended that some states of consciousness that seem intuitive, such as the allegedly intuitive experience of a material world, are actually the result of previous psychological processes, which build up habits of mind through association. They would accordingly be complex products, not intuitively given primary data.