   In the early twentieth century, views that we now call adaptationism and pluralism were enunciated by biologists. Among them were two of the then (and now) most influential evolutionary biologists: Ronald Fisher and Sewall Wright. The central idea of Fisher's important 1930 book “The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection” is that natural selection is the only important influence on trait evolution. This is the central text of adaptationism; indeed, it has an honored place in the minds of most evolutionary biologists, no matter what their position on adaptationism (compare Grafen 2003 and Kimura 1983). Issued again in 1958 in a revised edition and in 1999 in a variorum edition, this book has garnered over 8,400 journal citations; over 7,600 have occurred since 1975 (Web of Science, June 2010).