 Philosophical discussions of genic selection, clade selection, other units of selection, and the hierarchical theory of evolution are extensive and ongoing (in addition to works already cited, see Wimsatt 1980; Kitcher, Sterelny, &amp; Waters 1990; Sober 1990; Godfrey-Smith &amp; Lewontin 1993; Stanford 2001; Glennan 2002; R.A. Wilson 2003; Walsh 2004; Waters 2005; and Okasha 2006, among others). Another interesting, relatively recent, and somewhat related development is the proposal of a further, even-more-extended evolutionary synthesis, or EES (Jablonka &amp; Lamb 2005; Pigliucci &amp; Müller 2010; Laland et al. 2014; though see Wray et al. 2014). Proponents of EES contend that phenomena such as developmental bias (Arthur 2004), niche construction (Odling-Smee, Laland, and Feldman 2003), phenotypic plasticity (West-Eberhard 2003), and non-genetic inheritance processes like social learning and cultural transmission (Hoppitt &amp; Laland 2013) challenge evolutionary theory as standardly understood. Opponents contend that the now-traditional theoretical framework constructed via the modern synthesis can accommodate all these phenomena and more. See Pigliucci and Finkelman (2014) for a discussion of the philosophical implications of the EES debate.