 What, then, does it mean for a meaning determining rule \(R\) to be in force for a speaker \(S\)’s use of an expression \(e\) (at a time \(t)\)? Broadly, there are three main options for the MD normativist. According to the first, using \(e\) (at \(t)\) has to be motivated by or to follow \(R\) in the sense of attempting to do what is in accordance with \(R\). On the second construal, \(S\) has to accept R in some sense not requiring (all) particular uses of \(e\) to be motivated by \(R\). Both of these would plausibly seem to require \(S\) to have certain intentional states. But, third, \(R\)’s being in force for \(S\) could also be construed as independent of any of \(S\)’s intentional states (with respect to \(R)\).