 Before pressing on, a note about terminology: many philosophers follow Armstrong’s (1993: 429) terminology who uses “states of affairs” to refer to facts. (Armstrong’s book A World of States of Affairs is solely concerned with facts.) This article is not devoted to “Armstrongian” states of affairs, but to states of affairs in the sense that is prominent in the work of such philosophers as Husserl, Reinach, Russell (at one time), the early Wittgenstein and  Plantinga.[1]  Hereafter, “states of affairs” is used only for states of affairs that exist whether they obtain or not.