 There are nevertheless two views on heuristics that are roughly identified with the research traditions associated with Kahneman and Tversky’s biases and heuristics program and Gigerenzer’s fast and frugal heuristics program, respectively. A central dispute between these two research programs is the appropriate normative standard for judging human behavior (Vranas 2000). According to Gigerenzer, the biases and heuristics program mistakenly classifies all biases as errors (Gigerenzer, Todd, et al. 1999; Gigerenzer &amp; Brighton 2009) despite evidence pointing to some biases in human psychology being adaptive. In contrast, in a rare exchange with a critic, Kahneman and Tversky maintain that the dispute is merely terminological (Kahneman &amp; Tversky 1996; Gigerenzer 1996).