 Other researchers, following the lead of Bowen and Bok, have focused on undergraduate performance. Fischer and Massey, for example, concluded that though affirmative action has “both positive and negative implications for minority students, [such policies] operate, on balance, to enhance the academic achievement of minority students” (Fischer and Massey 2007, 546). In another study, Massey and Mooney found “little support for the mismatch hypothesis” (Massey and Mooney 2007, 114). Dale and Krueger determined that “the effect of attending a school with a higher average SAT score is positive for black and Hispanic students” (Dale and Krueger 2014, 350). Similarly, Melguizo held: 