 The distinction between “philosophy of neuroscience” and “neurophilosophy” came to be better clarified over the first decade of the twenty-first century, due primarily to more questions being pursued in both areas. Philosophy of neuroscience still tends to pose traditional questions from philosophy of science specifically about neuroscience. Such questions include: What is the nature of neuroscientific explanation? And, what is the nature of discovery in neuroscience? Answers to these questions are pursued either descriptively (how does neuroscience proceed?) or normatively (how should neuroscience proceed)? Some normative projects in philosophy of neuroscience are “deconstructive”, criticizing claims about the topic made by neuroscientists. For example, philosophers of neuroscience have criticized the conception of personhood assumed by researchers in cognitive neuroscience (cf. Roskies 2009). Other normative projects are constructive, proposing new theories of neuronal phenomena or methods for interpreting neuroscientific data. Such projects often integrate smoothly with theoretical neuroscience itself. For example, Chris Eliasmith and Charles Anderson developed an approach to constructing neurocomputational models in their book Neural Engineering (2003). In separate publications, Eliasmith has argued that the framework introduced in Neural Engineering provides both a normative account of neural representation and a framework for unifying explanation in neuroscience (e.g., Eliasmith 2009).