 As already remarked, negation has been analyzed, for example, as a truth-functional operator, a modal operator, a propositional attitude, and a speech act. The exact relation between negation as a connective, the propositional attitude of rejection and, notably, the speech act of denial is contentious. There is, as a kind of orthodox view, a thesis defended by Frege (1919) and Geach (1965), namely that denying \(A\) is the same as asserting \(A\)’s negation. This view implies what Ripley (2011b, 623) calls the denial equivalence: