 Everything said so far shows that Rand believes that individuals have rights even in a state of nature, or a society without a government. Yet in later years, in a workshop on rights, Rand suggests that rights exist only in a society with some kind of authority and a “formulated morality” (2018: 111). It is not clear what Rand means by “formulated morality”: a written, or at least explicitly stated, morality that recognizes rights, like the Bill of Rights in the U.S. Constitution? Or like Thomas Paine’s Rights of Man?? But aren’t there many societies – perhaps a majority – that don’t have a formulated morality yet do recognize at least individuals’ basic rights against each other and the government, and many that can produce paper Constitutions claiming to recognize these rights that, in fact, they deny their citizens? In any case, Rand takes back her controversial statement by reiterating her earlier view that: