  Let’s call this the thesis of separate issuance. T’oegye’s basic insight here is fundamentally oriented by his profound interest in, and experience of, self-cultivation in what he calls “Sage Learning” (see his The Ten Diagrams of Sage Learning in Kalton 1988). T’oegye argued that making an appeal to the multiplicity of the roles played by univocal notion of feelings in the social context did not do any good. The strategy on the part of T’oegye was then to ground the Four Sprouts (and the Heart-mind of the Dao) on the active Principle on the one hand and to ground the Seven Emotions (and the Heart-mind of an ordinary person) on Vital Force, thus drastically bifurcating the feelings in their disparity. In particular, he most cautiously wanted to make sure that the potentially wayward feelings arising from our bodily nature do not undermine the fundamental dynamism towards appropriateness of the Mencian Four Sprouts (Ivanhoe 2015). 