 Race has of course been an important topic in epidemiology and clinical research for a long time (Witzig 1996; Stolley 1999), but it has been widely perceived as a socially constructed category that has no biological  basis.[22]  And many researchers imagined that as the HGP demonstrated how highly similar any two human beings are to each other at the DNA level, any idea of race as serious biological concept would be disposed of once and for all (see, e.g., Gilbert 1992; Venter 2000). But the concept of biological race was if anything rejuvenated rather than laid to rest by the developments in genomics (Kaufman &amp; Cooper 2001; Foster &amp; Sharp 2002; Hamilton 2008; Roberts 2011). This is exemplified by the fact that more and more scientists have claimed in recent years that there is a biological basis to our traditional notions of race, basing their claims on elaborate statistical analyses of data on genetic variation derived from a large number of human DNA samples. These developments led for many to what Troy Duster has called a ‘post-genomic surprise’ (Duster 2015). 