 Related arguments concern the question of whether citizens can stand in an equal respectful relationship to one another if certain goods, e.g., votes or body parts, are traded in markets (Sandel 2012, 10ff. cf. also Satz 2010, ch. 3; on the ethics of vote buying, see the relevant section of the entry on  voting,  on body parts see Phillips  2013,[7]  on legal representation see Wilmot-Smith 2019, Agmon 2021). For example, it has been argued that some institutions, e.g., schools, are such that disagreements should be settled by “voice” rather than “exit” (in Hirschman’s 1970 distinction; for the example of schools see e.g., Anderson 1993, 162f.). Also, many political theorists argue that the political sphere of a democracy should be seen as different from markets in that what is at stake are not individual interests, but the public good (cf. e.g., Radin 1996, ch. 14, who draws on John Dewey’s understanding of democracy). What such theories have in common is that they see society as composed of different social spheres – and, as Walzer puts it, “[t]he morality of the bazaar belongs in the bazaar”, whereas exchanges in other social spheres should be blocked (1983, 109). In many such cases, a combination of arguments applies, concerning not only the character of goods, but also the vulnerability of some market participants. As Brennan and Jaworski (2015, 2016) have recently argued, arguments about commodification that are based exclusively on the symbolic dimension of trading certain goods are not convincing because these symbolic dimensions are culturally contingent. But many cases of commodification are not purely symbolically harmful, they combine symbolic and other harms. On the other hand, as Satz (2010, e.g., 9) reminds us, the best answer to problematic markets is not always to ban them as this might lead to black markets or other evasion mechanisms. The question of alternatives, e.g., regulated markets or markets complemented by other institutions, often depends on the institutional framework within which markets take places. This will be considered in section 4 below.