  where 1/√2 &gt;&gt; ε,ε′, (1/√2+ε)2+(1/√2-ε′)2 = 1, and (as before) |z-up&gt;L (|z-up&gt;R) and | z-down&gt;L (| z-down&gt;R) denote the states of the L- (R-) particle having z-spin ‘up’ and z-spin ‘down’,  respectively.[23]  Then, either the L-particle spins ‘up’ and the R-particle spins ‘down’ in the z-direction, or the L-particle spins ‘down’ and the R-particle spins ‘up’ in the z-direction. Thus, in contrast to the orthodox interpretation and the GRW/Pearle collapse models, in modal interpretations the particles in the EPR/B experiment may have definite spin properties even before any measurement occurs.