 The disputation also develops in a different direction within the universities, into forms whose function was training in argumentative techniques in which the goal is besting an opponent. Different forms developed, with different rules for the opponent and respondent. In the better known ars obligatoria, the opponent poses a question and the respondent answers, while in another form, the opponent constructs arguments to refute something held by the respondent, and the respondent must react to the opponent’s claims (Angellelli 1970; Pérez-Ilzarbe 2011, 130–1). (See below, section 2.9.)