 If these statements are really about converse claims, as Graham’s translation contends (e.g., “This is an ox”, and “This is a non-ox”), then the Mohists appear be to asserting something quite like a version of the principle of non-contradiction formulated in Aristotle’s Metaphysics, in which it is stated of any two contradictory propositions that they cannot both be true simultaneously (IV 6 1011b13–20, Kirwan 1993). Moreover, B35 appears to recognize that they cannot both be false (“To say that there is no winner in disputation necessarily does not fit the fact”), suggesting a version of the principle of excluded middle.