 Aggregation (in some form) is essential to utilitarianism. Situations frequently arise where one person’s pleasure is in conflict with another’s, or where the only way to secure one person’s pleasure is to cause someone else pain, or where we must choose which person suffers which pain. We must find a way to balance the moral reasons generated by different people’s pleasures and pains. If we retain a utilitarian perspective, then it is hard to see how we can do this without some kind of aggregation—adding different pleasures and pains together.