 In Europe, the 17th century is known as the Spanish Golden Age, producing figures such as Francisco de Quevedo and Luis de Góngora in literature, and Diego Velázquez and Bartolomé Murillo in painting. Likewise, we can speak of a Golden Age in New Spain. Three extraordinary figures of the 17th century’s Mexican baroque period cannot be omitted from a history of Mexican philosophy: Father Miguel Sánchez, Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora, and Sister Juana Inés de la Cruz. All three of them were born in Mexico, wrote in Spanish, and were familiar with the Náhuatl language and culture.