 The second challenge is more troublesome. It is the semantic problem of providing coherent truth-conditions for hybrid identity statements. The standard way to provide the truth-conditions for the classical identity relation is to say that an identity statement of the form “a=b” is true iff “a” and “b” have the same referents. But this account clearly does not work for hybrid identity statements, for there is no (single) referent for a plural term. Moreover, the standard way of giving the truth-conditions for plural identity statements (mentioned above) does not work for hybrid identity statements either. To say that “x is one of the ys” is to say that x is (classically) identical with one of the things in the plurality, i.e., that x is identical with y1, or identical with y2… or identical with yn. But then “the bricks = the wall” is true only if the wall is (classically) identical with one of the bricks, i.e. with b1, or with b2… or with bn, which it isn’t.