 Windelband holds that causal determinism extends to mental life and that for this reason the conception of freedom as a fundamental capacity that violates “the naturally necessary functions of psychic life” (1882a: 60) is implausible from the get-go. However, he grants that there are two different and irreducible ways of viewing the same objects: on the one hand, there is psychological science which explains what the facts of mental life are. On the other hand, there are ideal norms, which do not explain what the facts are, but express how they ought to be (1882a: 66–67). The solution to the antagonism between natural law and moral law is to be found in the relation between these two points of view.