 At one extreme end of this spectrum is the view according to which attention to a thing is strictly necessary for consciousness of it, so that the things to which we are not paying attention do not figure in our consciousness at all. A number of psychologists endorse this view (e.g., Cohen et al. 2012), as do some philosophers (e.g., Prinz, 2012, Carruthers, 2015, Montemayor &amp; Haladjian, 2015). It has historical precedent in James’s remark, at the beginning of his chapter on attention, that “my experience is what I agree to attend to”(James, 1890, ch. 11), and in Kames’ remark that “Attention is requisite even to the simple act of seeing” (Kames, 1769, see Sect  1.4,  above).