 As suggested above, a more plausible line of argument would be to defend clinical research that poses minimal risk on the grounds that it does not increase the risks to which participants are exposed. It seems plausible to assume that at any given time an individual will either be participating in research or involved in the activities of daily life. But, by assumption, the risks of the two activities are essentially equivalent, implying that enrollment in the study, as opposed to allowing the participant to continue to participate in the activities of daily life does not increase the risks to which he is exposed.