 Returning to our running example, consider Suppes’ 1957 model-theoretic articulation of particle mechanics, which builds on his 1953 article with J.C.C. McKinsey and A.C. Sugar. Under this analysis, there is a domain of set-theoretic objects of the form \(\{ P, T, s, m, f, g \}\), where \(P\) and \(T\) are themselves sets, \(s\) and \(g\) are binary functions, \(m\) is a unary and \(f\) a ternary function. \(P\) is the set of particles; \(T\) is a set of real numbers measuring elapsed times; \(s(p, t)\) is the position of particle \(p\) at time \(t\); \(m(p)\) is the mass of particle \(p\); \(f(p, q, t)\) is the force particle \(q\) exerts on \(p\) at time \(t\); and \(g(p, t)\) is the total resultant force (by all other particles) on \(p\) at time \(t\). Suppes and his collaborators defined seven axioms—three kinematical and four dynamical—characterizing Newtonian particle mechanics (see also Simon 1954, 1970). Such axioms include Newton’s third law reconstructed in set-theoretic formulation thus (Suppes 1957, 294):