 Kilvington, like Scotus, also rejects the view that God knows future contingents via Ideas because Ideas necessarily represent what they represent, as in the sentence, “Socrates is white”, where it is said that Socrates is white. Although Kilvington does not explain his position clearly, it seems that he takes for granted Scotus’s explanation (DV: 178). Scotus says that perhaps Ideas could represent simple or complexes terms necessarily, although, as Chris Schabel puts it: “They could not represent contingent complexes (…), which we can call X. If God had the Idea only, eternally he would know only part of the contradiction, and there would be no contingency. If He knew both parts, X and ~X , He would know contradictories to be true simultaneously. Second, since Ideas represent both futures that are possible but will not exist, and futures that are possible and will exist, one needs to posit a way to distinguish between what will exist and what will not exist” (Schabel 2000: 42).