 On this view, rape is a political practice by which spurious beliefs about gender and sexuality are expressed, inscribed, and enforced via the violation and control of women’s bodies. Hampton thus claims that “rape as it occurs in our society … is a moral injury to all women … insofar as it is part of a pattern of response of many men toward many women that aims to establish their mastery qua male over a woman qua female …. Rape confirms that women are ‘for’ men: to be used, dominated, treated as objects” (1999, 135). This underlying gender ideology helps to explain why, when men and boys are raped (almost always by other males), they are often seen as having been feminized, treated like women and thus rendered shamefully woman-like.