 where the latter used occurrence of “the earth is square” is a pronouncement of the new version of English, not the familiar one. This shows that the aforementioned factual information is needed to infer (2) from (3), since otherwise the expression “the earth is round” need not represent Columbus’ belief. This argument that CTA does not essentially involve translation is worth a closer look, since Church himself describes the argument as expressing “the main point” he is trying make via CTA: