 Nor could Spinoza appeal to substance or infinite modes to explain the entire series of finite modes, for two reasons. First, according to Curley’s own account, substance and its infinite modes do not fully explain or cause any particular finite mode (by Ip28). But as there seems to be nothing to the collection of finite modes above and beyond the individual members themselves, it is unclear how substance and its infinite modes could  fully explain or cause the entire series without fully causing or explaining any individual member.