 As with Jerne’s system, in presentational cognition, no hierarchy exists, and no cognitive center is posited. The stimulus–response model has been discarded and activation heretofore understood as resulting from a predicate-structured cognitive event now refers to increased dynamic activity that results from the disruption of the network’s equilibrium. Immune “knowledge” accordingly shifts from a signifier–signified relationship to one in which meaning is firmly lodged within the system itself, i.e., a system that “knows” only itself. To the extent immunology would fashion itself along these lines, the conception of the self partitioned from the world would be replaced by an agent-free information-forming and information-processing faculty (Orosz 2001; Forrest and Hofmeyr 2001). Such a distributed information processing system has two key features: 