 Phenomenological approaches, which have similar implications, have been popular in recent psychology, with Tulving, inter alia, abandoning the first-order approach in favour of an approach emphasizing the phenomenology of episodic remembering (Tulving 2002; cf. Dalla Barba 2002, 2016). Phenomenological approaches have likewise long been popular in philosophy. Hume ([1739] 2011), for example, argued that memory is accompanied by a feeling of strength and liveliness. Russell (1921) associated memory with a feeling of familiarity and a feeling of pastness. And Broad (1925) argued, more specifically, that the feeling of pastness is inferred from the feeling of familiarity. In the contemporary literature, Dokic (2014) has argued that episodic memory involves an episodic feeling of knowing.