 In a useful analysis of the volvocine algae, other hierarchical selectionists use optimality modeling at the group level to search for a group level adaptation, in aid of modeling evolutionary transitions (Shelton &amp; Michod 2014b). They look for selection and adaptation at the higher level in their model of transition, which contrasts other views that look only for selection at the higher level, but not for engineering adaptations. The emphasis is on the distinction between fortuitous group benefit and real group adaptation. In places, however, they seem to embrace the product-of-selection definition of group adaptation, even though they are committed to denying its applicability (2014b: 454). Their point is to decompose levels of selection and adaptation using a model organism to get evolutionary emergence of levels, i.e., evolutionary transition.