 In order to deal with negative propositions, Armstrong (1997) invokes a certain kind of facts which he calls ‘totality facts’, facts which can be designated by means of expressions of type ‘the fact that \(X\) are all the \(F\)s that there are’, where ‘\(X\)’ is a rigid plural designator and ‘\(F\)’ a predicate. The proposition that Socrates is not a philosopher is made true, on his view, by the fact that the atomic facts which actually obtain are all the atomic facts there are—a totality fact.