 Commenting on Parfit’s earlier claim that the best interpretation of Kant coincides with the best form of rule consequentialism, Scanlon observes that “the degree to which Parfit’s conclusion should seem surprising depends to a certain extent on how close the theories he is discussing are to Kant’s” (Scanlon 2011, p. 117). Similar remarks apply to the convergence argument. The appeal of contractualism is that it presents a genuine alternative to both consequentialism and Kantian ethics. Those who are attracted to contractualism because, in certain key cases, it coheres with distinctively non-utilitarian intuitions, are likely to regard the impersonal contractualism deployed in the convergence argument as an abandonment of the core commitments of contractualism. The convergence argument would then be of limited relevance. We return to these issues below, when we consider the Individual and Impersonal Restrictions in more detail. (See sections  8,  9, and  13.)