 Probabilities under the act under scrutiny may decline even further in cases that involve clearer risks to health and wellbeing. Consider a man whose great-grandparents suffered in the Holocaust and who now must ask himself what his attitude should be toward those atrocities. Since he is grateful for life itself, should he feel bad that he must also be grateful to the agents of those atrocities for the role they played in bringing him into existence? On this proposal, he need not be torn; his gratitude is misplaced. The atrocities may indeed have been a part of the causal chain ending in his existence. But there were alternate causal chains as well that equally would have ended in his existence had the relevant agents gone down those paths instead. If anything, by jeopardizing the lives of Harry’s own forebears on a daily basis, the atrocities only served to further reduce his own chances of ever coming into existence at all. For critical discussion, see Smilansky 2017.