 Advocates can respond in two different ways here. One is to be neutral on whether (3) is apriori warranted. A neutral position may suffice for the advocate’s purposes, since transmission failure occurs if (3) is presupposed, regardless of whether it is apriori warranted (Davies 2000). But such a response is not available to W., for he clearly thinks that (3) ordinarily has a non-empirical warrant. Still, perhaps W. could soften this by reiterating that this is a “thin” warrant bestowed by default; it is not a warrant that is transmitted onto (3) by the deduction.