 Morris 1938. Semantics deals with the relation of signs to (…) objects which they may or do denote. Pragmatics concerns the relation of signs to their interpreters.  By ‘pragmatics’ is designated the science of the relation of signs to their interpreters. (…) Since most, if not all, signs have as their interpreters living organisms, it is a sufficiently accurate characterization of pragmatics to say that it deals with the biotic aspects of semiosis, that is, with all the psychological, biological, and sociological phenomena which occur in the functioning of signs.