  Although Campbell and Popper both pointed to the continuity between the evolution of human knowledge and the evolution of knowledge in non-human organisms, much of the early work in evolutionary epistemology focused on the human condition. However, recent empirical investigations by psychologists, cognitive ethologists, cognitive neuroscientists and animal behaviorists have revealed that animals, both primates and non-primates, have much more sophisticated cognitive capacities than were previously suspected (Panksepp 1998, Heyes and Huber 2000, Rogers and Kaplan 2004, Lurz 2011, van Schaik 2010). From an evolutionary perspective this is not surprising given the shared evolutionary heritage that all animals share. Taking Darwin seriously means reconsidering and reassessing the nature of human knowledge in the light of our increased awareness of the cogntive capabilities of the members of other species. In addition, once a firm empirical basis of the scope and limits of animal cognitive capacities has been established we will be in a position to reassess our philosophical evaluations of the mental lives of animals and their epistemic and moral status as well. Further field research promises to revolutionize our understanding of the sense in which human beings are one among the animals.