A second option for the cognitivist would be to say that having  false beliefs about one’s own intentions is possible, but  theoretically irrational.  (On this option, the cognitivist  approach to instrumental coherence appeals to two  theoretical requirements: Closure plus some other requirement not to  have false beliefs about one’s own intentions.)  However, there is  usually nothing necessarily incoherent about one’s having  a false belief.  So, the challenge for cognitivists is to  explain why, in this particular case, there is.  (This strategy is  pursued by Setiya 2007, 670–671. For criticism, see Bratman  2009a, §4 and Brunero 2009, §2.)