 The paradigm of splicing logics assumes a bottom-up perspective: it combines given logics, synthesizing them, and producing a new one. The combined logic should be minimal in some sense: that is, if \({{\cal L}}\) is obtained from \({{\cal L}}_1\) and \({{\cal L}}_2\) by some combination process, it should be expected that: 1) \({{\cal L}}\) extends both \({{\cal L}}_1\) and \({{\cal L}}_2\); and 2) \({{\cal L}}\) is a minimal extension of both \({{\cal L}}_1\) and \({{\cal L}}_2\). For instance, some methods may require \({{\cal L}}\) to be the least conservative extension of both \({{\cal L}}_1\) and \({{\cal L}}_2\). This point will be discussed in  section 5.