 The British case R. v. Clark (EWCA Crim 54, 2000) is another example of how the lack of independence between events can be easily overlooked. Sally Clark had two sons. Her first son died in 1996 and her second son died in similar circumstances a few years later in 1998. They both died within a few weeks after birth. Could it just be a coincidence? At trial, the paediatrician Roy Meadow testified that the probability that a child from an affluent family such as the Clark’s would die of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) was 1 in 8,543. Assuming that the two deaths were independent events, Meadow calculated that the probability of both children dying of SIDS was