 While Averroes’ argument from natural science may succeed against some versions of the skeptical argument, it is not clear that it succeeds against its immediate target, al-Ghazālī’s skeptical argument. The latter argument may leave open the possibility that natural bodies, such as fire, are causes (McGinnis 2006). For al-Ghazālī does not conclude his skeptical argument by denying that fire is a cause of the burning tout court; rather, he denies that it has action on the ground that it is inanimate and he denies that the fire alone is the agent of burning. So, al-Ghazālī may hold that the fire is a (non-active) cause of the burning, while God is its active cause.