 atomism: 17th to 20th century |  Descartes, René |  Descartes, René: physics |  Galileo Galilei |  Gassendi, Pierre |  Hobbes, Thomas |  Kant, Immanuel: and Leibniz |  Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm |  Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm: modal metaphysics |  Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm: on causation |  Malebranche, Nicolas |  Newton, Isaac 