Sometimes it is suggested that the problem of deviant causal chains is merely a symptom of the deeper problem that event-causal theories altogether fail to capture agency, because they reduce actions to things that merely happen to us (Lowe 2008: 9, for instance). Put differently, this challenge says that the event-causal framework is deficient because it leaves out agents: all there is, on this view, is a nexus of causal pushes and pulls in which no one does anything (Melden 1961; Nagel 1986; see also Velleman 1992). This has been called the problem of the “disappearing agent” (Mele 2003: Ch. 10; Lowe 2008: 159–161; Steward 2013).