 Lakatos’s paper, “The History of Science and Its Rational Reconstructions” (1971: 91) opens with a promising paraphrase of Kant (previously used by Hanson (1962: 575, 580) and by Herbert Feigl (1970: 4): “Philosophy of science without history of science is empty; history of science without philosophy of science is blind”. However, his use of rational reconstructions of supporting historical episodes—the science as it allegedly could have been done or should have been done—made the actual science look more internally correct (according to MSRP) than it was. Historians and philosophical critics replied sharply that this was not genuine history and hence not a fair test (see Arabatzis forthcoming).