 Advocates of this theory claim that it “allows us to see attention in a new light and to provide alternative conceptualizations of its functional role in our overall mental economy” (Hohwy, 2014, p. 191). According to these ‘alternative conceptions’, attention adjusts the weighting of incoming prediction error signals, in accordance with their expected precision (Hohwy, 2012). ‘Precision’ is to be understood here in the sense that contrasts precision with accuracy. ‘Accuracy’, in the intended sense, is a measure of the difference between the value indicated by a signal and the actual value, whereas ‘precision’ is a measure of the random fluctuation in that signal, even when the actual input is held constant. A miscalibrated instrument might, in this sense, be highly precise, without being especially accurate.