 He advocated for birth control, woman’s right to plan her pregnancy sensibly, and for a man’s obligation to his child’s welfare after birth. He envisioned a better future for illegitimate children and supported opportunities for unmarried pregnant women to have their children without social penalties (Condorcet 1968, VI: 256–9, VIII: 465–466; Williams 2004, 168–169; Schapiro 1963, 192–193). He proposed occupational training rather than incarceration for prostitutes, opposed police harassment of prostitutes and homosexuals, and denounced barbaric laws and practices against homosexuals, such as France’s burning of homosexuals alive and the English resort to mob violence (Condorcet 1968, VIII: 469–70, IV: 561; Schapiro 1963, 192–195; Williams 2004, 170). In the Esquisse he advocated for making marriage a civil not a religious contract, as was formally accomplished by his fellow republicans in France during the 1790s. He upbraided the despotic role of parents in arranging their children’s marriage. He favored divorce, and considered the manner in which child custody and education should be protected in its event. In the place of what he considered the private despotism of family life in old régime France, and with the hope for women’s expanded independence, Condorcet envisioned the coming into being of more loving and egalitarian unions, much like the one he fashioned with his wife: