  Giles's objection to the view that the definition of the subject is the middle term in the highest sort of demonstration would be particularly difficult for Thomas to meet, since Thomas agreed with Giles on the unicity of substantial form. Ockham and the Franciscan tradition in general, which rejects this doctrine, might hold that the real definition of human being, say, does refer to real parts that need not be referred to in a confused, simple concept of human being. Scotus, of course, has an additional resource available, for he can deploy a formal distinction between the individual and its essence here (which would not be recognized by Ockham or Thomas), even when the individual has but a single substantial form.