 Individuals, organizations and governments value and protect medical privacy (Francis and Francis 2017; Beauchamp and Childress 2008; Humber and Almeder 2001; Englehardt 2000b). As a general rule, they strive to (1) restrict and secure what they deem to be sensitive medical information and biospecimens, (2) respect medically-related decisions by individuals and families and (3) honor community and legal expectations of privacy (Francis 2017; Winslade 2014). For more than fifty years, philosophers and bioethicists have taken a keen interest in privacy issues. They have contributed to an expanding literature, some with practical applications, consisting of diverse perspectives on how privacy concepts and values are implicated in patient care and biomedical research (Presidential Commission 2012).