 Eugene Marshall has proposed a development of Garrett’s interpretation, which reduces consciousness to “affectivity” (see Marshall 2014, chapter 4). “Affectivity” is the property an idea has when it increases, decreases, or fixes the power of the mind’s striving (its “conatus”) or when it moves the mind to act. Emotions such as joy or fear would be affective in this way, but so would certain rational judgments. Marshall argues that this provides a more developed account of how power is centrally involved in consciousness for Spinoza while avoiding some of the problems of Garrett’s proposal.