 A subtler issue arises if we turn now to point \((\gamma)\) and ask: Was it inevitable that first-order logic would come to be regarded as a “privileged” logical system? As we saw, the metalogical results of the 1930s do not settle the primacy of first-order logic. The “privileging” came later, and seems rather to have depended on philosophical considerations: the need to avoid the set-theoretical paradoxes, a search for secure foundations for mathematics, a desire to accommodate the objections of Brouwer and Weyl, a sense that higher-order logics were both methodologically suspect and avoidable. All these things show the continuing influence of the Grundlagenkrise of the 1920s, which did so much to set the terms of the subsequent philosophical understanding of the foundations of mathematics.