 There were also influential conservatives who believed that Mexico ought to preserve its Spanish heritage, such as Lucas Alamán (1792–1853). While conservatives also promoted legislation to protect indigenous peoples and local industry, many argued that the Catholic tradition was needed to maintain national cohesion. So, while Enlightenment philosophy began to spread throughout the Americas in the 19th century, some notable Scholastics remained, such as Clemente de Jesús Munguía (1810–1868), author of Del pensamiento y su enunciación (1852).