 Quine (1964) and others were critical of Geach’s solution to these puzzles and defended the view that there is only one unqualified sense of identity. In each of the problem cases, his strategy was to try to show that one of the statements of the form “same G as” is not a true identity statement. So in the river example, Quine would deny that the water is identical to the river and thus the two statements are about different objects. Almost all of Geach’s examples can with some plausibility be treated by distinguishing more carefully between objects of reference or distinguishing constitution from identity. Thus one might say that the bronze at different times constitutes the two statues but is not identical with them. Whether constitution really is or isn’t identity is a matter of continuing debate; for articulations of the two sides see Johnston (1992), Noonan (1993), Baker (2007, chap.3), and the entry on material constitution. For later stages in the debate between Quine and Geach, see the entry on identity .