 In two brief philosophical manifestos published in 1842 and 1843, respectively, Feuerbach sought to “deduce”, through an internal criticism of the “old” philosophy (culminating in the Hegelian system), the “principles” (Grundsätze) that would lay the foundation for a “new”, naturalistic “philosophy of the future”. After the publication of these two manifestos, however, he turned his attention back to religion, claiming in the foreword to the first volume of his collected works (1846) that it was only in his book on The Essence of Faith According to Luther (1844) that he came to appreciate the “truth and essentiality of sensuousness [Sinnlichkeit]” (GW 10:187), and thereby to overcome the “contradiction” between speculation and empiricism in which his position in The Essence of Christianity had remained mired. It is certainly the case that a number of concepts that are central to the philosophical anthropology with which Feuerbach sought to replace the “old” philosophy, including the effort to “naturalize freedom” undertaken in his final writings, were first introduced and developed in writings on religion published in the 1840s and 1850s. Because of this it’s difficult to neatly separate a discussion of Feuerbach’s “new” philosophy from his later theorizing about religion. Be that as it may, the first of these topics will be explored in this section and the second in the succeeding section. Feuerbach’s preliminary efforts in his last active years to develop a drive psychology and to naturalize ethics will be considered briefly in the final section.