 There is a pluralistic element to Beauchamp and Childress’ approach, which is manifested, in part, by the fact that the approach avoids a single overarching principle in favor of the short list of four moral principles. This has lead some to criticize Beauchamp and Childress’ approach for an alleged lack of systematicity—a fatal flaw, according to some, in any philosophical theory (Gert, Culver, &amp; Clauser 2006). Such critics claim that without a clear prioritizing of principles, Beauchamp and Childress’ principles-centered approach lacks rigor and leaves too much room for intuitive judgments in cases where principles conflict. Beauchamp and Childress respond, first, by rejecting the very idea that they are offering a philosophical theory, rather than a framework or practical guide. But perhaps more importantly, they doubt that any priority ranking of their principles would stand the test of time (Arras 2017: 6–9).