 It is clear that computation as a conceptual model pays a role in many scientific disciplines varying from cognition (Chater &amp; Vitányi 2003), to biology (see entry on  biological information)  and physics (Lloyd &amp; Ng 2004; Verlinde 2011, 2017). Extracting meaningful models out of data sets by means of computation is the driving force behind the Big Data revolution (Adriaans &amp; Zantinge 1996; Bell, Hey, &amp; Szalay 2009; Hey, Tansley, &amp; Tolle 2009). Everything that multinationals like Google and Facebook “know” about individuals is extracted from large data bases by means of computational processes, and it cannot be denied that this kind of “knowledge” has a considerable amount of impact on society. The research question “How can we construct meaningful data out of large data sets by means of computation?” is a fundamental meta-problem of science in the twenty-first century and as such part of philosophy of information, but there is no strict necessity for a reductionistic view. 