 Inferential awareness, like the other types, is defeasible, and while we have every right to accept, and act on, undefeated inferences, we are sometimes wrong. In particular, knowledge and justification do not pass from premises to conclusion if we become aware of an upādhi, an “additional condition,” which would be a blocker of “reflection” through undermining the generalization on which such reflection depends. Thus awareness of an upādhi is a preventer of inferential knowledge, a “defeater,” leading to belief relinquishment by someone who has hitherto not noticed the condition and who has erroneously arrived at a conclusion on the basis of a falsely induced, pseudo-pervasion. A rough (and non-classical) example: I know that Al has a temper that will flare up in certain circumstances from having witnessed many tantrums such that I expect that Al will explode by making an inference when I see that the circumstances obtain, but having overlooked that it is only with Belle that Al is so irascible and Belle not being present in the circumstances where I expect, by pseudo-inference, Al’s temper to flare, Belle would be the upādhi, the “additional condition.” Discussion of the concept occupies more than a tenth of Gaṅgeśa’s long inference chapter.