Now say that we have found a lady for whom we reject the null hypothesis, i.e., a lady who passes the test. Does she have the tea tasting ability or not? Unfortunately this is not the sort of question that can be answered by the test at hand. A good answer would presumably involve the proportion of ladies who indeed have the special tea tasting ability among those whose scores exceeded a certain threshold, i.e., those who answered correctly on all five cups. But this latter proportion, namely of ladies for whom the null hypothesis is false among all those ladies who passed the test, differs from the proportion of ladies who passed the test among those ladies for whom it is false. It will depend also on the proportion of ladies who have the ability in the population under scrutiny. The test, by contrast, only involves proportions within a group of ladies for whom the null hypothesis is true: we can only consider probabilities for particular events on the assumption that the events are distributed in a given way.