 First, Soames [1985,1987] produced what many take to be a devastating attack on the view of propositions as sets of possible worlds. Soames showed that even when one tries to get more fine-grained propositions-as-sets-of-worlds by allowing metaphysically impossible worlds (e.g. worlds in which George Bush is identical with Ronald Reagan), inconsistent worlds (in which a thing can both possess and lack a property), and incomplete worlds (where some purported “matters of fact” are simply not settled), the resulting view, when combined with other independently plausible assumptions, is riddled with overwhelming difficulties. These difficulties all stem from the fact, noted earlier, that on the worlds view, sentences with very different syntactic structures and containing words with different semantic values may express the same proposition. Soames [1987] concludes that we ought to give up the view that propositions are sets of worlds of any sort, and embrace an account of propositions according to which propositions are structured entities, with individuals, properties and relations as constituents. Soames called these structured Russellian propositions. If the syntactic structures of sentences and the semantic values of words occurring in them are reflected in the structures and constituents of propositions they express, sentences with different syntactic structures and containing words with different semantic values, whether true in all the same worlds or not, may express different propositions. It is perhaps worth noting that having sentences with different syntactic structures and containing words with different semantic values express different propositions doesn’t require one to hold that propositions themselves are structured and contain the semantic values of the words as constituents. Still, it is a natural way of accounting for why sentences with different syntactic structures and containing words with different semantic values that are true in all the same worlds express different propositions. Soames [1987] sketches a formal theory of structured propositions, including an assignment of structured propositions to the sentences of a simple formal language, and a definition of truth relative to a circumstance for structured propositions.