 Finally, parenthood may be grounded in causation (Nelson 1991; Bigelow et al. 1988; Blustein 1997; Archard 2010). A causal account differs from intentionalism in that one can cause something without intending to do so. Indeed, one can cause a certain state of affairs even when one is unaware that one’s actions could do so. One needn’t have grasped the connection between sexual intercourse and pregnancy in order to be the cause of a child’s existence.