  The Austrian philosopher Ernst Mally (1879–1944) is one of the most important representatives of Meinong’s School. Though he is best known for his work on Meinong’s theory of objects (Gegenstandstheorie) and for his development of deontic logic, he has also gained some notoriety for his German-nationalist convictions and his support of National Socialist ideology. On the one hand, Mally’s contribution to Meinong’s theory of objects is not a mere extension of his teacher’s work, but rather a real alternative that, in turn, influenced Meinong’s own conceptions. Moreover, he was the first philosopher to establish a formal system of deontic logic (see the entry on  Mally’s deontic logic),  and though, according to most philosophers, it was seriously flawed, it was a major undertaking and only recently received the attention it was due. On the other hand, some of Mally’s later writings were particularly influenced by his sympathies for National Socialism. In what follows, we will identify and outline the various strands of his thought, and also address the delicate question of whether and how his sympathies for National Socialism affected his later philosophical work.