 Notice that the heading for this section isn’t Philosophy of AI. We’ll get to that category momentarily. (For now it can be identified with the attempt to answer such questions as whether artificial agents created in AI can ever reach the full heights of human intelligence.) Philosophical AI is AI, not philosophy; but it’s AI rooted in and flowing from, philosophy. For example, one could engage, using the tools and techniques of philosophy, a paradox, work out a proposed solution, and then proceed to a step that is surely optional for philosophers: expressing the solution in terms that can be translated into a computer program that, when executed, allows an artificial agent to surmount concrete instances of the original  paradox.[37]  Before we ostensively characterize Philosophical AI of this sort courtesy of a particular research program, let us consider first the view that AI is in fact simply philosophy, or a part thereof. 