 After Aquinas, the summa remains a form for the systematic organization of an entire area of study, though often it becomes a summary, a collection of answers, a manual in which to look up answers to particular questions rather than a series of questions. Ockham’s Summa Logicae shares with the summa genre in theology the attempt to organize an entire discipline systematically. Ockham’s principle of organization is first to divide logic into terms and propositions and then to consider the various types of terms and propositions. Ockham’s form for considering particular types of terms or propositions is generally straightforward exposition occasionally mixed with a presentation of opposing positions and responses to the arguments for that position. John Buridan’s Summulae de Dialectica from the mid-14th century, begins as a commentary on Peter of Spain’s Summulae Logicales (written between 1220–1250). While Peter’s immensely popular text (used in the 17th century) was a “summa” in the sense of short summaries of the topics of logic, Buridan’s important and also popular Summulae based on Peter’s text gives much more systematic explanations not just assertations of definitions and propositions, and is thus a “summa” in the sense of a complete set of explanations. Moreover, Buridan did not compose his account in dialogue form, but gives straightforward answers in his own voice (Zupko, 2003, 9). Though clearly a teaching text, Buridan reconfigures the discipline of logic using the “new logic” (or logica moderna) to explain the basic concepts in Peter’s text, and, where necessary (e.g., in the account of demonstration) composes both a base text and the explanatory commentary on the topic not covered by Peter (Zupko, 2003, 100). As Zupko concludes, Buridan’s “Summulae is essentially a compendium of methods, a ’how-to’ book for the philosopher” (Zupko, 2003, 135). In form, Ockham’s and Buridan’s works show a progression toward the modern treatise, such as that of Hume or Locke on human nature or understanding, because their exhaustive consideration of their topic and the presentation of the single voice of the author, rather than a dialogue or set of authorities from the tradition.