 How convincing one finds this part of Prinz’s critique, however, depends on how convincing one finds his explanation of these effects. The McGurk effect, for example, seems consistent with the claim that speech perception is an informationally encapsulated system, albeit a system that is multi-modal in character (cf. Fodor, 1983, p.132n.13). If speech perception is a multi-modal system, the fact that its operations draw on both auditory and visual information need not undermine the claim that speech perception is encapsulated. Other cross-modal effects, however, resist this type of explanation. In the double flash illusion, for example, viewers shown a single flash accompanied by two beeps report seeing two flashes (Shams et al., 2000). The same goes for the rubber hand illusion, in which synchronous brushing of a hand hidden from view and a realistic-looking rubber hand seen at the usual location of the hand that was hidden gives rise to the impression that the fake hand is real (Botvinick &amp; Cohen, 1998). With respect to phenomena of this sort, unlike the McGurk effect, there is no plausible candidate for a single, domain-specific system whose operations draw on multiple sources of sensory information.