 To be clear, the relation between the metaphysics and epistemology is not direct, but oblique, yet important in regard to the inferences licensed by phylogenetic methods. Sukumaran and Knowles (2017), for example, conclude by issuing a plea for phylogeneticists to exercise a more careful stance towards relying on genomic data alone, and in using multispecies coalescent as a straight-forward way to identify species. They instead propose a more cautious inferential stance, identifying the units identified by the multispecies coalescent as population-level structures (which may or may not correspond to species delimitation). This is merely an example of the rich sorts of discussions around good scientific inference that is available to philosophers willing to dive into this literature.