  Standard approaches to proof-theoretic semantics, especially Prawitz’s validity-based approach (section 2.2.2), take closed derivations as basic. The validity of open derivations is defined as the transmission of validity from closed derivations of the assumptions to a closed derivation of the assertion, where the latter is obtained by substituting a closed derivation for an open assumption. Therefore, if one calls closed derivations ‘categorical’ and open derivations ‘hypothetical’, one may characterize this approach as following two fundamental ideas: (I) The primacy of the categorical over the hypothetical, (II) the transmission view of consequence.  These two assumptions (I) and (II) may be viewed as dogmas of standard semantics (see Schroeder-Heister 2012c). “Standard semantics” here not only means standard proof-theoretic semantics, but also classical model-theoretic semantics, where these dogmas are assumed as well. There one starts with the definition of truth, which is the categorical concept, and defines consequence, the hypothetical concept, as the transmission of truth from conditions to consequent. From this point of view, constructive semantics, including proof-theoretic semantics, exchange the concept of truth with a concept of construction or proof, and interpret “transmission” in terms of a constructive function or procedure, but otherwise leave the framework untouched.