 Berkeley, George |  consciousness |  Descartes, René |  dualism |  emergent properties |  epiphenomenalism |  Hartshorne, Charles |  James, William |  Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm |  mereology |  monism |  neutral monism |  pantheism |  physicalism |  qualia |  quantum theory: and consciousness |  Royce, Josiah |  Spinoza, Baruch |  Whitehead, Alfred North |  Wundt, Wilhelm Maximilian 