 Since dynamic semantics focuses on the discourse actions of sender and receiver, it is in a sense close to use-oriented approaches to meaning in philosophy such as the work of Wittgenstein and Dummett. However, easy identifications between dynamic semantics and these approaches are to be avoided. Dynamic semantics as an abstract framework is compatible with many philosophical ways of viewing meaning and interpretation. Dynamic semantics aims to model meaning and interpretation. You can do that without answering broader philosophical questions such as the question of what it is that makes it possible for the subject to be related to these meanings at all. For example, in dynamic predicate logic we take the meaning of horse as given without making any substantial claim about what it means for a subject to have the concept of horse; we just stipulate the subject has it. This is not to say such questions—which are at the center of the work of Wittgenstein and Dummett—should not ultimately be answered: it’s just that a model can be of interest even if it does not answer them. (Note that dynamic semantics tries to give a systematic and compositional account of meaning, which makes it markedly different in spirit from Wittgenstein’s later philosophy.)