 Emotions obviously play an important role in decision-making, yet the four abilities model does not directly address the role of emotions. A number of critics of the model remain convinced that failure to attend to emotion in capacity assessment is problematic (White 1994; Charland 1998b; Halpern 2011, 2012; Bursztajn et al. 1991; Breden &amp; Vollmann 2004; Hermann et al. 2016).