 Many people judge that the first policy is permissible while the second is not. (Kamm 2007, Lenman 2008) This leads some contractualists to favour hybrid view that combine ex post and ex ante evaluation. (e.g., Lenman 2008) It is one thing to ask everyone to agree in advance to a policy that will predictably result in the deaths of some pedestrians, but another thing altogether to ask this particular pedestrian to lay down her life for the greater good!