 In the mid- to late-nineteenth century theorizing about cells went in a number of directions. One direction focused even more than Schwann on the material stuff constituting the cell. In the same period as Schwann was advancing his theory of the cell, von Mohl (1835), a plant researcher, introduced the name protoplasm for the fluid material in cells. Animal researchers such as Dujardin (1835) called the fluid seen in animal cells sarcode. Remak (1852) proposed the protoplasm theory according to which the basic material of plants and animal was identical and T. H. Huxley (1869) took this a step further, arguing that protoplasm was the “physical basis of life”. As discussed by Reynolds, protoplasm theory offered a different fundamental biological theory—whereas Schleiden and Schwann 