 This entry will not delve into the debate in  psychology (see Miller 2014: chapter 4 for extensive discussion). It is mentioned in order to set the stage for the much later situationist movement in philosophy. The main philosophers responsible for jumpstarting this discussion were Gilbert Harman in a series of papers dating back to 1999, and John Doris in several papers and most importantly in his 2002 book, Lack of Character: Personality and Moral Behavior (Harman 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2009; Doris 1998, 2002, 2010; and Merritt et al. 2010. For others supporting their views, see Blackburn 1998: 36–37; Campbell 1999; Hurka 2001: 44; Goldie 2004: chapter 3; Vranas 2005; Appiah 2008: chapter 2; Upton 2009; Badhwar 2009; Sarkissian 2010; and Alfano 2013). Broadly speaking, Harman and Doris used studies and claims that were influential during the situationist movement in psychology, and applied them to debates in contemporary ethical theory. In particular, their focus was on how the empirical data, as they interpreted it, could cause trouble for Aristotelian virtue ethics.