 Before discussing recent theories of problematic anaphora, a few caveats are in order. First, our discussion will not be exhaustive. We cover what we take to be the best known and most promising theories. Second, because each theory is a formal, sophisticated semantic theory, to describe a single theory in detail would itself be a paper length project. Thus, we try instead to give a simple, informal sketch of the main features of each theory. The notes and references point the interested reader to places where he/she can get more detail. Third, we shall confine ourselves to briefly describing how each theory handles simple discourse anaphora of the sort exhibited by  (13)  above, in which a pronoun in one sentence is anaphoric on an indefinite noun phrase in a previous sentence, and donkey anaphora like  (25)  and  (26).  Readers interested in more details on how these theories deal with embedding under quantifiers, negation, or modals should consult the readings cited both in the previous section and in the sections below. Readers interested in Geach discourses or “intentional identity” should begin by consulting Asher (1987), Edelberg (1986), Geach (1967), Kamp (1990), King (1994), Braun (2012), and the works mentioned therein.