 Compensatory reparations can be calculated with approximation by figuring on a moderate number of sub-Saharan Africans who were brought against their wills to the territory of the U.S. to serve as slaves. Then a moderate estimation can be made of average life expectancy of said slaves, and how many hours a day and per week, etc. said slaves worked without monetary compensation. Perhaps even more important are the human rights abuses of slavery itself, an amount that might be estimated in terms of punitive damages. There are also social, political and psychological effects of slavery, among others, damages to some extent lingering amongst several U.S. black communities throughout the U.S..