 This survey will, therefore, focus on three main meanings of “sociobiology”. First, it will briefly describe the relatively uncontroversial non-human animal behavioral ecology that Wilson and others described as “sociobiology”. Second, it will describe and evaluate the characterization of “Pop Sociobiology” that came under attack by various scientists and philosophers in the mid to late 1970s. Third, it will describe the main features of current human behavioral ecology. The final section will discuss some of the central criticisms raised for sociobiology and behavioral ecology in the literature and explore some possible responses to these criticisms.