 Traces of the philosophical views of Pythagoras and Plato regarding the nature of mathematical objects can be found in the works of early Muslim thinkers. This could be partially due to the early Arabic translations of works by Pythagorean and Platonist mathematicians. Most of the mathematicians in the tradition of Nicomachus, Proclus, and Iamblichus were Pythagorean and Platonist (Endress 2003). Some of their most important works have been translated into Arabic and have influenced Muslim mathematicians and philosophers. For example, Nicomachus’s Introduction to Arithmetic was translated into Arabic by Ḥabīb Ibn Bahrīz (d. early ninth century) from Syriac and by Thābit Ibn Qurra (d. 901) from Greek (Brentjes 2022: sec. 1). The inspiration of the Pythagorean and Platonist approaches to the philosophy of mathematics is easily detectable in, for example, the works of the Brethren of Purity (Ikhwān al-ṣafāʾ) and early Mutazilites (The Brethren of Purity [Epistles]; Endress 2003: 132–33; Marquet 2006; Fazlıoğlu 2014: 2; El-Bizri 2018; Baffioni 2022). The main characteristics of Pythagoreanism and Platonism regarding the ontology of mathematics can be captured by the following theses (Zarepour 2019: 198):