 Church’s r-typed Val predicate is rather clumsy, but it is required for the generalizations in (1976) to accomplish all the goals listed above. In the simplified account, however, Val is replaced by a denotation predicate \(D(v, F)\), where \(v\) is a word, understood to be an individual, and \(F\) is a propositional function of any r-type. \(D(v, F)\) is read “\(v\) denotes \(F\)”. Church remarks that