 I’ve mentioned that Whewell thought of himself as renovating Bacon’s inductive philosophy. His inductivism does share numerous features with Bacon’s method of interpreting nature: for instance the claims that induction must involve more than merely simple enumeration of instances, that science must proceed by successive steps of generalization, that inductive science can reach unobservables (for Bacon, the “forms,” for Whewell, unobservable entities such as light waves or properties such as elliptical orbits or gravitational forces). (For more on the relation between Whewell and Bacon see Snyder 2006; McCaskey 2014.) Yet, surprisingly, the received view of Whewell’s methodology in the 20th century tended to describe Whewell as an anti-inductivist in the Popperian mold. (see, for example, Ruse 1975; Niiniluoto 1977; Laudan 1980; Butts 1987; Buchdahl 1991). That is, it was claimed that Whewell endorsed a “conjectures and refutations” view of scientific discovery. However, it is clear from the above discussion that his view of discoverers’ induction does not resemble the view asserting that hypotheses can be and are typically arrived at by mere guesswork. Indeed, Whewell explicitly rejected the hypothetico-deductive claim that hypotheses discovered by non-rational guesswork can be confirmed by consequentialist testing. For example, in his review of his friend Herschel’s Preliminary Discourse on the Study of Natural Philosophy, Whewell argued, against Herschel, that verification is not possible when a hypothesis has been formed non-inductively (1831, 400–1). Nearly thirty years later, in the last edition of the Philosophy, Whewell referred to the belief that “the discovery of laws and causes of phenomena is a loose hap-hazard sort of guessing,” and claimed that this type of view “appears to me to be a misapprehension of the whole nature of science” (1860a, 274). In other mature works he noted that discoveries are made “not by any capricious conjecture of arbitrary selection” (1858a, I, 29) and explained that new hypotheses are properly “collected from the facts” (1849, 17). In fact, Whewell was criticized by his contemporary David Brewster for not agreeing that discoveries, including Newton’s discovery of the universal gravitation law, were typically made by accident.