 First, the question James raised in Quodl. II, q. 20, was not (a): “Does man naturally love God more than he loves himself?” or (b): “Does man naturally love himself more than God,” but rather (c): “Does man naturally love God more than himself, or the converse (vel econverso)?” What (c), but not (a) or (b), rules out is that man can love himself and God equally. James did not think that this was so. He compared the case of self-love vs. love of God to the distinction between natural and supernatural knowledge: “Natural knowledge starts from creatures and proceeds thence to God; contrariwise, supernatural knowledge begins with God and proceeds thence to creatures.” Since the distinction between natural and supernatural knowledge is exhaustive and mutually exclusive, there is no other kind of knowledge, and hence none that would proceed “equally” from creatures and God. But for the comparison between knowledge and love to hold, the conclusion that applies to the former must apply to the latter, and that conclusion is that if man does not love God more than himself, then he loves himself more than God; and conversely.