 Members of the School of Salamanca departed from Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas as they saw fit. This is apparent in Soto’s logic and Suárez’s widely read metaphysics. Less noted until recently is the influence of Soto on Galileo. Diverging from Aristotle, Soto advanced theories that have been described (Duhem 1913, 555-562) as forerunners of the modern idea of mechanics. His theory of falling bodies was well known to Jesuit scholars, who circulated it through their writings. As a young student, Galileo was probably exposed to these ideas, which influenced his approach to the physical laws governing the universe (Wallace 1981 and 2004). Galileo’s theories about falling bodies eclipsed Soto’s, while his astronomical observations helped to create a heliocentric and un-Aristotelian intellectual milieu, in which many ideas of the School of Salamanca were regarded as obsolete.