 ∗3·01 defines the use of dots to indicate conjunction. (That first dot, when read as punctuation would extend until an equal number of dots, namely the dot before the = sign, yielding the incoherent expression: “( \(p ( q) =_\mathit{df} ( \osim (\osim p \lor \osim q) ) \) ”. It must, therefore, indicate a conjunction.) The dots around a sign of equality by definition \(=_\mathit{df} \) are in Group I, and so the parentheses that replace them extend to the ends of the expression: 