 In addition to creating the file-drawer problem described above, publication bias has been held at least partially responsible for the high prevalence of Questionable Research Practices (QRPs) uncovered in both self-report survey research (John, Loewenstein, &amp; Prelec 2012; Agnoli 2017 et al. 2017; Fraser et al. 2018) and in journal studies that have detected, for example, unusual distributions of p values (Masicampo &amp; Lalande 2012; Hartgerink et al. 2016). Pressure to publish, now ubiquitous across academic institutions, means that researchers often cannot afford to simply assign “failed” or statistically non-significant studies to the file drawer, so instead they p hack and cherry-pick results (as discussed below) back to significance, and back into the published literature. Simmons, Nelson, and Simonsohn (2011) explained and demonstrated with simulated results how engaging in such practices inflates the false positive error rate of the published literature, leading to a lower rate of reproducible results.