  However, it does not follow that we should give up a principle of beneficence. It only follows that establishing the moral limits of the demands of beneficence is profoundly difficult. Liam Murphy has discussed a number of “limited principles of beneficence” and has proposed to fix the limits of individual beneficence to meet global problems of need by using a cooperative principle of fairness in which, in any given circumstance, it must first be determined what each reasonably affluent person must do to contribute a fair share to an optimal outcome. An individual is only required to aid others beneficently at the level that would produce the best consequences if all in society were to give their fair share. One is not required to do more even if others fail to act on their fair-share obligations of beneficence, and it would be an unfair imposition of responsibility to ask more of them. Unlike act-consequentialism, this theory does not demand more of agents when non-complying agents fail to do their part.