 An important test for a thirteenth-century philosopher’s theory of truth and knowledge was how well it could handle the sophisma “Every man by necessity is an animal” (Omnis homo de necessitate est animal), and in particular how it would evaluate the truth-value of the sophisma in the supposed situation that no man exists.  Item 12  in the above list of Boethius’ works is one of more than thirty treatments of this sophisma from his century. Two major ones by other authors have been published and commented on (Libera 2002; Libera &amp; Gazziero 2008; see also Ebbesen &amp; Pinborg 1970).