 Entrenchment of the Medical Model of Disability  Disability theorists have most visibly distinguished between the medical and the social model of disability, but sometimes use related labels such as the metaphysical, the biological, and the political model of disability (for discussion see, e.g., Scully 2008, Shakespeare and Watson 2001). According to the medical model, a disability is a pathology or impairment of an individual body, in virtue of which the disabled person is less able to perform various functions than the able-bodied person. Accordingly, since it is the job of medicine to fix bodies or at least minimize the undesirable effects of their medical conditions, it is appropriate for doctors to fix or mitigate disability when they can (Saxton 2000). According to the social model, on the other hand, disability is inherently a relational property: it concerns a more problematic than normal fit between a body and its social and material environment. Disabilities are historically specific and context-dependent (Tremain 2001). Someone who used a wheelchair in an environment in which all spaces accessible to any normal person are wheelchair accessible, the argument goes, would be no more disabled than is a resident of a sprawling American suburb who cannot obtain food or make a living without driving her car. Myopia was a serious, even a life-threatening disability in the hunter-gatherer era, but in the age of easily accessible effective eyeglasses most of us never even think to conceptualize our myopia as a disability.