 As Derek Skillings says, the “traditional target of accounts of biological individuality is the organism” (2016: 880), a tradition reinforced in some influential contemporary discussions that simply identify biological individuals with organisms (Queller &amp; Strassmann 2009, Clarke 2013; see  section 8  below). The present review follows Lidgard and Nyhart and others (Dupré &amp; O’Malley 2009; Nicholson 2014; Pradeu 2016a, 2016b) in taking biological individual to name a superordinate category whose nature and relation to the category organism is complex and worthy of exploration.