 Since Alyngton thinks of primary substances as the ultimate substrates of existence in relation to anything else, the only way to safeguard the reality of accidents as well as their distinction from substance and from each other, while at the same time, to affirm their dependence on substance in existence, was to conceive of them as forms of the substance itself, and therefore as something existentially incomplete. Accordingly, like Wyclif, he insists that quantity, quality, and relations, considered as abstract accidents, are forms inherent in primary substances, whereas, if considered from the point of view of their actual existence as concrete items, they are not really distinct from the substance in which they are present, but only formally, as they are modes of substances. So, the chief features of Alyngton’s treatment of accidents are his twofold consideration of them as abstract forms and as concrete properties as well as his commitment to their objective reality, since, in his opinion, they are mind-independent items of the world in both cases. Hence, the main goals of his reading of the chapters 6–8 of the Aristotelian treatise are showing the ordered internal structure of the chief categories of accidents, and reasserting their reality and real distinction from the category of substance, against those thinkers, like Ockham and his followers, who had attempted to reduce quantity and relations to mere aspects of material substances.