 Intuitively,  (BNA)  is too permissive: it allows us to assert whatever we believe, even if we have no evidence but a hunch to support our claim. To explain away this prediction, advocates of  (BNA)  typically add that while  (BNA)  is the only norm that is specific to assertion (and regulates assertion directly, cf.  (A1)  and  (A2)),  it is not the only norm that regulates it. Since assertions necessarily express a belief, and appropriate belief (and/or practical action) is allegedly governed by a knowledge-norm,  (KNA)  ultimately determines which assertions all-things-considered appropriate (Hindriks 2007; Bach 2008; Montminy 2013a).