 This official commitment to the value of philosophy is not without precedent; it represents a long history of questioning and reaffirming the role of philosophy in Mexican life. Other events in this history (discussed above) include the war for Mexican independence, guided by Enlightenment philosophy; Gabino Barreda’s effort to define Mexican national identity through positivist education; the Ateneo’s critique of positivism during the Mexican Revolution; amendments to the 1933 Constitution, which sought to make public education socialist; and the philosophy of lo mexicano, a philosophical expression and critique of 20th century Mexican nationalism.