 This section provides further examples to illustrate learning-theoretic analysis. The examples in this section are more realistic and address methodological issues arising in scientific practice. They are not probabilistic; statistical hypotheses are discussed in  Section 6.  This entry provides an outline of the full analysis; there are references to more detailed discussions below. More case studies may be found in [Kelly 1996, Ch. 7.7, Harrell 2000]. Readers who wish to proceed to the further development of the theory and philosophy of means-ends epistemology can skip this section without loss of continuity.