 All neo-Russellians deny the Fregean idea that all cases of misidentification are to be explained in terms of a difference in thought. Unlike Russell himself, neo-Russellians maintain that singular thought is possible even for entities for which misidentification is possible. The neo-Russellian cannot appeal to a difference in thought contents to explain cases of rational misidentification, as the distinctive claim of the neo-Russellian is that the thought contents are the same precisely because the object misidentified is the same and the object exhausts the thought content. Neo-Russellians thus need to develop a new explanation of Frege’s puzzle.