 In the late Han, the theme of disengagement and reclusion due to morally corrupted government, which had been popular in the Warring States but had declined through the years of the earlier Western and Eastern Han, was revived, with thinkers like Wang Fu at the forefront of this movement. Wang Fu’s advocacy of retreat from society is, like those of the Confucian recluses of the past, ultimately aimed at restoring virtue to society. Wang recognized that when a community passes a certain threshold of viciousness and disorder, it is not possible for the individual to transform it. The only possible outcome in such a case, if the individual engages with the society, is for the individual to be transformed, to become vicious and disordered like the community. Despite the loftiest intentions and the most developed character, one cannot withstand the transformative power of the community. Thus, remaining within a corrupt community with the intention of changing it would lead only to the corruption of the individual rather than the moral salvation of the community.