 1. Most obviously, the Neo-Kantians thought of themselves as reviving, defending, and extending Kant’s philosophy. They self-consciously adopted Kant’s vocabulary, and some of his key ideas and arguments. They wrote commentaries on Kant’s major writings, and would often present their own positive views in the form of commentaries or interpretations of Kant. Nevertheless, they never considered themselves to be orthodox Kantians, nor did they see the value in defending Kant’s views on all topics. As Windelband famously said in the preface to the 1883 first edition of Windelband  1915,[5]  “to understand Kant means to go beyond him”. And, as Natorp explained, 