Associative structures and transitions are widely implicated in a particular type of influential dual-process theory. Though there are many dual-process theories in social psychology (see, e.g., the papers in Chaiken and Trope 1999, or the discussion in Evans and Stanovich 2013), the one most germane to associationism is also the most popular. It originates from work in the psychology of reasoning and is often also invoked in the heuristics and biases tradition (see, e.g., Kahneman 2011). It has been developed by many different psychological theorists (Sloman 1996; Smith and Decoster 2000; Wilson et al. 2000; Evans and Stanovich 2013) and, in parts, taken up by philosophers too (see, e.g., Gendler 2008; Frankish 2009; see also some of the essays in Evans and Frankish 2009).