 Hypothesizing retrocausal influences alleviates both of these worries. Retrocausality renders Kochen-Specker-type contextuality potentially explainable as a form of “causal contextuality” (see the entry on  the Kochen-Specker theorem,  §5.3). If there is a backward-directed influence of the chosen measurement setting (and context) on the pre-measurement ontic state, it is no longer to be expected that the measurement process is simply uncovering an independently existing definite value for some property of the system, rather the measurement process can play a causal role in bringing about such values (the measurement process is retrocausal rather than retrodictive). Indeed, one might argue contextuality of measured values is just what one might expect when admitting retrocausal influences. As Wharton (2014: 203) puts it, “Kochen-Specker contextuality is the failure of the Independence Assumption”, i.e., the failure of measurement independence.