 Further exemplifying value-ladenness, it is not uncommon for experimental results in comparative psychology to be communicated in a way that depicts the human species as “superior,” which can be illustrated by some experiments that have compared chimpanzee performance to our own. Daniel Povinelli and colleagues (1999), for example, found that chimpanzees outperform children in a gaze-following task, but interpreted the children’s poorer performance as evidence of their possession of superior cognitive capacities (see also Leavens, Bard, &amp; Hopkins 2017). In this experiment, the subjects had to follow the experimenter’s gaze to find a reward, which both children and chimpanzees could do. In one condition, however, the experimenter was oriented towards the reward but gazing above it. While the chimpanzees could still use this gaze to find the reward, the children chose randomly in these trials. Povinelli et al. interpreted this as evidence that children, but not chimpanzees, have a theory of mind, which allowed the children to interpret the above-target gaze as a distracted one that was not worth following. From the chimpanzees’ perspective, however, one could also argue for their superiority in this task, since they were much more successful than the children in actually finding the reward. In another experiment (Jensen, Call, &amp; Tomasello 2007), chimpanzees were tested in an ultimatum game, where one chimpanzee (the proposer) could choose how a reward was distributed among themself and another chimpanzee (the responder). The responder could either choose to accept the offer (in which case, they both kept it) or reject it (which would have meant they both lost it). The experimenters found that the responder would always accept the offer, regardless of how unfair the distribution was, so long as their part was higher than zero. Chimpanzees behaved in the way that economic theory predicts of the fully rational agent, in contrast to humans, who would typically rather be left with zero than accept an unfair distribution. Although the researchers acknowledge this, they also make a point of highlighting how these results illustrate that chimpanzees lack the sensitivity to fairness that characterizes (superior) human societies, though they fail to consider that chimpanzees may have fairness norms in domains outside of food sharing. A further example of results being interpreted to fit the narrative of human superiority comes from a study by Sana Inoue and Tetsuro Matsuzawa (2007), where a chimpanzee named Ayumu was found to strongly outperform humans in terms of speed and accuracy in a working memory task. Although in this paper the superiority of the chimp was acknowledged without caveats, one of the authors (Matsuzawa 2010) later used these results to highlight the superior cognitive capacities of humans, arguing for the existence of a trade-off between memory and abstraction in the phylogeny and ontogeny of our species, such that by letting go of the photographic memory that our ancestors likely shared with chimpanzees, we could develop our characteristic skills for complex representation and language.