 More relevant to present concerns, however, is that this replacement may not be vulnerable to the examples that plague PAP. Return to our central FSC: It seems as if Jones is responsible for voting Republican (an action) because he does so on his own, for his own reasons. But now consider a resulting state of affairs, say, the Republican’s having one more vote. This would have obtained no matter what Jones did, or failed to do, on his own. Due to Black, the obtaining of the state of affairs is not (as Jones’ action is) sensitive to how things proceed with Jones’ own deliberative processes. One thus loses any sense in which Jones is the author of the consequence, and with it any sense in which he is responsible. This creates some space between PAP-Consequences and PAP, permitting the former to stand when the latter falls.