 This is in line with both Shannon’s theory and Kolmogorov complexity. The outcome of a deterministic program is always the same, so the probability of the outcome is 1 which gives under Shannon’s theory, 0 bits of new information. Likewise for Kolmogorov complexity, the output of a program can never be more complex than the length of the program itself, plus a constant. This is analyzed in depth in Adriaans and Van Emde Boas (2011). In a deterministic world it is the case that if: 