 al-Farabi |  Aquinas, Thomas |  Arendt, Hannah |  Aristotle |  Cassirer, Ernst |  Cicero |  Cohen, Hermann |  -->Epicureanism--> |  Gadamer, Hans-Georg |  Halevi, Judah |  Heidegger, Martin |  Hobbes, Thomas |  Husserl, Edmund |  Jacobi, Friedrich Heinrich | Jacob Klein | Julius Guttmann | Karl Barth |  Kierkegaard, Søren |  Machiavelli, Niccolò |  Maimonides |  Mendelssohn, Moses |  moral skepticism |  nature of law: legal positivism |  nature of law: natural law theories |  Nietzsche, Friedrich |  Plato | praxis | rationalism |  rationality: historicist theories of |  relativism |  rights |  Rosenzweig, Franz |  Schmitt, Carl |  Socrates |  Spinoza, Baruch |  -->Thucydides--> |  Weber, Max |  -->Xenophon--> 