 Aristotle, Special Topics: causality |  Church-Turing Thesis |  epistemic paradoxes |  Frege, Gottlob: controversy with Hilbert |  Frege, Gottlob: theorem and foundations for arithmetic |  Gödel, Kurt: incompleteness theorems |  information: biological |  information: semantic conceptions of |  information processing: and thermodynamic entropy |  logic: and information |  logic: substructural |  mathematics, philosophy of |  Ockham [Occam], William |  Plato: middle period metaphysics and epistemology |  Port Royal Logic |  properties |  quantum theory: quantum entanglement and information |  rationalism vs. empiricism |  recursive functions |  rigid designators |  Russell’s paradox |  set theory |  set theory: alternative axiomatic theories |  set theory: continuum hypothesis |  time: thermodynamic asymmetry in 