 Quite generally, presentism can be defended via one of a few strategies to address this worry about “cross-time” relations. One option: to use presently existing entities to make sense of the relational claims. With our admiration of Marie Curie, for example, this amounts to saying that: when she existed, Curie instantiated various features and properties, those properties still exist, and it’s those present properties that we’re related to in admiration. Thus, it’s not Curie herself that we admire, but her perseverance, insight and brilliance. Of course, one important issue with this strategy is that it fails to respect the idea that it’s Curie herself that we admire, rather than mere properties that she exemplified. Alternatively, then, alongside defending presentism we might deny that some or all relations are “existence-entailing”. Thus, we can stand in the relation of admiration to Marie Curie herself, even though there’s no such entity as Curie. But here we would face the difficult task of denying the natural and reasonable supposition that a relation can only be instantiated if all of its relata exist. Presentists who go this route deny “serious presentism” and start down the road towards Meinongianism, a position which many find quite undesirable (see the entry on  nonexistent objects,  esp. §4). Serious presentism is the temporal analogue of “serious actualism”, the view that “necessarily, if x has F or bears R, then x exists” (see the entry on the  possibilism-actualism debate,  esp. §4.1). (We remain neutral on the question of whether presentism implies serious presentism, pace Bergmann 1999, Davidson 2000, and leave the “non-serious” option open to presentists.) There’s at least one more option open: to say that such seeming cases of relations aren’t, in fact, relational at all. Thus, rather than our admiration of Curie being a state that consists in Curie existing, our existing, and our bearing a relation to Curie, all that there is to such a state is our existing and instantiating a monadic property, admiring Marie Curie. Since the property is monadic, its instantiation requires only our existence.