 At the same time, addressing this potential for exploitation by offering substantial payments to research participants who contribute to especially lucrative studies would introduce its own set of ethical concerns: is payment an appropriate response to the kind of contribution made by research participants; might payment constitute an undue inducement to participate; will payment undermine other participants’ altruistic motivations; to what extent does payment encourage research participants to provide misleading or false information to investigators in order to enroll and remain in research studies?