 Lange claims that “the empirical method has celebrated its highest triumph” in the physiology of the sense organs. But this triumph “at the same time … leads us to the very limits of our knowledge, and betrays to us at least so much of the sphere beyond it as to convince us of its existence” (Lange 1873–75, 3:202; see also 2:158). Such physiological investigation into the sense organs may initially look favourable for the materialists, in that it promises to give us a materialistic account of our knowledge of the world. In fact, it is deadly to materialism as an ontology. Physiology shows us that the sense organs do not show us how the world really is and indeed that our very concept of matter may have nothing to do with what is really there in the world (Lange 1873–75, 3:  205–19).[7]