 For a more contemporary vindication of features of Latin American philosophy akin to peculiarity, we’ll need to turn to some of the middle-way theories below. But first, let’s consider the two main strands of extreme distinctivism in Latin American philosophy, the ‘the critical theory’ and ‘circumstantialism’ (also known as ‘critical view,’ and ‘culturalism’ respectively; see e.g., Gracia and Jaksić 1986).