 Sakya Pandita argues from the perspective of the “passive perception” model, relying on the understanding of perception as a passive cognition which does not itself ascertain its object, but whose reliability is actually independent of this subsequent ascertainment. The category of “non-ascertaining cognition” is thus denied the status of independent category: according to proponents of the “passive perception” model, every perception is a non-ascertaining perception; ascertainment (when it takes place) is always the deed of a subsequent conceptual cognition. There is thus no such thing as an “ascertaining perception” if what is implied is ascertainment by perception itself.