 Along these lines Coleen Macnamara (2011, 2015) has also argued that our practices of holding others morally responsible more generally (a set of practices that includes blame) are communicative in their function. In a similar vein, Christopher Bennett (2013) claims that blame functions symbolically to express our disapproval. Like Smith, he develops this account by supplementing Scanlon’s theory of blame, but it seems that one could adapt Bennett’s expressive apparatus even outside of a Scanlonian framework, since the distinctive aspect of it is that it expresses something important about our stance towards the blamee’s actions. Most recently, Miranda Fricker (2016) claims that communicative blame, which identifies and communicates faults, is the paradigmatic case of blame.