 The tradition of Jewish philosophy in Hebrew in Christian Europe largely came to an end with the expulsion of the Jews from Spain in 1492, though it continued for another century in Turkey (see Tirosh-Samuelson 1997: 529–545). But Jewish philosophy in Europe continued with the Dialogues of Love by  Judah Abrabanel,  known as Leone Ebreo (d. after 1521), preserved and probably written in Italian. If, as proposed below, the Latin tradition of medieval philosophy is considered to stretch on until around 1700, then perhaps  Spinoza  (1632–77), who wrote in Latin and, rarely, in Dutch, an outcast from his people and a critical admirer of Descartes, but also steeped in the thought of Maimonides and Ḥasdai Crescas, should be regarded as the last of the medieval Jewish philosophers.