 (ii) The premise that every cognition has its apprehended object does not hold for an adherent of the causal model such as Sakya Pandita: a mental episode for the arising of which no real entity acted as a direct cause must be held to have, strictly speaking, no object, or at least, no “apprehended object” (gzung yul). In other words, only non-conceptual non-erroneous cognitions (namely, perceptions) have a grasped object.