 41 is just the commonsense attitude towards integrated unities, that are not like a heap but like a syllable (§3.2.1). Like all tu quoque arguments, this does not show what went wrong in the original. But something must go. 36–38 paired with 36, 38, and 40 seem to drive us to the extreme view that every possible part-whole complex exhibits the same direction of dependence (leaving open which direction this is), no matter how heap-like or how syllable-like it may be. Perhaps what these arguments reveal is that the nuanced stance of commonsense is not sustainable. This leaves open which direction needs revision.