 When we have decided that someone’s biological systems do not function properly, we still face the question, how should we think about that person’s condition? Naturalists usually admit that there is more to the concept of disease than biological malfunction even if they think that biological malfunction is a necessary condition for disease. This involves a two-stage picture (Murphy 2006, ch 2) which inverts the constructivist portrayal of our practice. Naturalists who buy the two stage picture think that, first, we agree on the biological facts about malfunction. At the second stage we make the normative judgment that the person with the malfunction is suffering in some way. (This is the order of conceptual priority, not the chronological sequence in which judgments are made.) Spitzer and Endicott (1978, 18) for example, say that disease categories are “calls to action”; assertions that something has gone wrong within a person’s body in a way that produces consequences we think we need to remedy (see also Papineau 1994).