 Fairness (in its voluntaristic interpretation) requires some sort of acceptance, as opposed to mere receipt, of the benefits produced by the state in order for political obligation to be generated. However, some transactions seem to generate obligations, despite the fact that the benefits received have not been accepted. For example, if you provide me with a benefit, I ought at least to be grateful, and express my gratitude in a suitable form. Couldn’t this idea be used to justify political obligation? Some argue that it can. Obeying the law, according to them, is a way for us to discharge the duty of gratitude we owe our own state for the benefits we receive from it (Plato [Crito]; W. D Ross 1930; Walker 1988; Klosko 1989).