 and so being-such-that-p is ascribed, in the encoding sense, to \(w\). As such, \(w\) is (in the encoding sense of the copula, at least) such that \(p\). Thus, according to Zalta’s theory of encoding, worlds are in some sense metaphysically characterized or determined by such states of affairs. And according to Zalta nothing of the sort can be claimed of ersatz conceptions of worlds.