 Many philosophers and bioethicists take it that “health”, “disease”, and “disability” are value-laden, that it is part of their meaning that the conditions to which they refer are (inherently) desirable or undesirable (e.g., Engelhardt 1986 and DeVito 2000). Two notable exceptions are Christopher Boorse and Robert Wachbroit, who offer biomedical definitions that are value-neutral, or as Boorse claims, as value-neutral as biology itself (Boorse 1987: 359–93; Wachbroit 1998: 533–38). They define health in terms of normal or species-typical physical and mental functioning, so that disabilities are by definition unhealthy. But such value-neutral accounts do not assume that disabilities are therefore bad or undesirable, merely  atypical.[2]