 The concept of health equity is often used to refer to just distributions of health, where health inequities are understood to be differences or disparities in health that are avoidable, unnecessary, and unfair (Whitehead 1992). Health inequalities are therefore in principle observable differences in the health among individuals and groups. Health inequities are health inequalities that are unjust. (For discussion of the ways in which health inequality metrics may themselves be value-laden see King 2016; see Asada 2019 for a good discussion of challenges in measuring health inequities).