  In Baker’s reformulation of the problem, separate axioms ensure the existence of a situation corresponding to each Boolean combination of fluents, and the RESULT function is allowed to vary, while the Holds predicate is held constant. In this setting, the RESULT function needs to be specified for “counterfactual”actions—in particular, for shooting as well as for waiting in the Yale Shooting Anomaly. It is this feature that eliminates the incorrect model for that scenario; for details, see  Baker 1989  and  Shanahan 1997,  Chapter 6.