 No account of Galileo’s importance to philosophy can be complete if it does not discuss the Galileo Affair—the sequence of interactions with the Church that resulted in Galileo’s condemnation. The end of the affair is simply stated. In late 1632, in the aftermath of the publication of the Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, Galileo was ordered to appear in Rome to be examined by the Congregation of the Holy Office; i.e., the Inquisition. In January 1633, a very ill Galileo made an arduous journey to Rome. From April, Galileo was called four times to hearings; the last was on June 21. The next day, June 22, 1633, Galileo was taken to the church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva, and ordered to kneel while his condemnation was read. He was declared guilty of “vehement suspicion of heresy,” and made to recite and sign a formal abjuration: