 Other proposals have incorporated further aspects into the picture. One of them, Ma &amp; Pietarinen (2016), follows Peirce’s latter understanding of abductive reasoning (called then retroduction: “given a (surprising) fact C, if A implies C, then it is to be inquired whether A plausibly holds”; Peirce 1967: 856) as a form of reasoning from surprise to inquiry. This can possibly be related to the notions of issues and questions described in  section 4.3. As the authors mention, 