 The Laozi (老子), also known as Dao De Jing (道德經, The Book of Dao and De), is a Daoist text in the Warring States period. Laozi (Lao-tzu or Lao Dan) is believed to be its single author although many scholars today believe that it is a composite work by several authors and/or editors. In the Laozi, the term qing is not found. There is no discussion of particular natures and dispositions of human beings under a single term such as qing (情) or xing (性). However, individual emotions or affective states such as anger (nu 怒), resentment (yuan 怨) courage (yong 勇), loving kindness (ci 慈) and desire (yu 欲) are discussed in the Laozi. Laozi believes that emotions have lasting influence on human behavior and destructive emotions can threaten the wellbeing of people and damage their harmonious social interactions. Although he does not discuss seriously whether emotions are genuine or superficial or whether they change or transform the inner states of the mind as Mencius or Xunzi does, he discusses how emotions affect behaviors of people and motivate them to help or harm themselves and others.