 Just as something’s being true in the past does not depend on its having certain effects now, something’s being true in the future does not depend on its having certain causes now. If the statement “Tim O’Keefe was adopted in 1968” is now true, it is not true because he presently remembers being told by his mother and father that they adopted him, or because of any of the other present effects of his adoption. Instead, it is true simply because he was, as a matter of fact, adopted in 1968.