 For present concerns the important point is that each of these epistemic interpretations of the probability calculus comes with its own set of foundational programs for statistics. On the whole, epistemic probability is most naturally associated with Bayesian statistics, the second major theory of statistical methods (Press 2002, Berger 2006, Gelman et al 2013). The key characteristic of Bayesian statistics flows directly from the epistemic interpretation: under this interpretation it becomes possible to assign probability to a statistical hypothesis and to relate this probability, understood as an expression of how strongly we believe the hypothesis, to the probabilities of events. Bayesian statistics allows us to express how our epistemic attitudes towards a statistical hypothesis, be it logical, decision-theoretic, or doxastic, changes under the impact of data.