 Those who insist that moral status must be based on an individual’s own attributes, that it cannot depend on the accidents of birth or the vagaries of biological classification, are also likely to insist that an individual’s claims on others cannot depend on whether those others happen to be members of the same species or communities. In this view, full moral status must not only be independent of external circumstances, but must be universally recognized. Although some group-based accounts may require that a being’s full moral status be universally recognized, others see full moral status as group-relative (see  Sec. 5.1).