  Two difficulties face this non-dialectical reading. One is that there is no other evidence that Arcesilaus was committed to premises [13] through [16], and they are also ones that Arcesilaus may have argued against, since it is reported that he argued not just against the Stoic theory but against all ethical views (Philodemus Index Academicorum 18.40–19.9, Diogenes Laertius 7.171, Numenius fr. 25.154–61, cf. fr. 25.41–5).