The assessment of the social and ethical implications of reproductive medical innovations persists, growing ever more complex with the proliferation of techniques to generate, test and manipulate embryos (e.g., Gupta 2000; Shanley 2001; Kukla 2005; Mullin 2005; Harwood 2007; the issue of Bioethics on reproductive autonomy edited by Carolyn McLeod 2009; Baylis and McLeod 2014). Two concerns remain paramount: that the availability of genetic testing and screening technologies in the context of reproductive medicine exerts pressure on women (and men) to utilize prenatal techniques to produce only “perfect” children (Rapp 2000; Rothman 2001) and that as it becomes easier to identify impairments prenatally, and prevent the birth of children with those impairments, the stigma experienced by disabled children and by their families will increase. Authors voice concern that future development of enhancement techniques, whether genetic or other, will exacerbate these tendencies and pose even greater threats to social equality, alongside the health benefits they may offer. Many of these issues overlap with others, such as the impact of caregiving responsibilities on the caregiver, and the effect of particular economic policies on socially marginalized groups.