  Green (2007) also recommends against interventions that would reinforce or increase discrimination, economic inequality, or racism (2007: 216–226), but he does so with some reservations. Parents understandably might want to reduce social burdens on their children through genetic interventions, he believes, and if we make doing so illegal, they will likely go elsewhere or underground to get what they want. He also – optimistically – suggests that stereotypes and fashions ebb and flow and may be self-corrective (2007: 227). Groups who have experienced significant discrimination over many generations will understandably reject such optimism. Indeed, the insufficient progress made against these social ills and the historical evidence arguably calls for all of us to be skeptical of this optimism.