 In The Descent of Man (1871) and in The Expression of Emotions in Man and Animals (1872), Darwin proposes that sexual selection is responsible for the effect of music. He observes that various species produce vocalizations or other sounds as part of courtship. For example, he identifies this as the goal of birdsong, although the consensus today is that birdsong also functions as a territorial call. In virtue of this origin, music has the power