 The scope of this entry is “privacy” in the several varied and popular uses of the term employed in medicine and health research, including the controversial uses debated by philosophers. Most contemporary discussions of privacy and medicine concern the informational privacy of patients and research subjects, treated in Section 1, below. Medical record confidentiality is a frequent focus. This emphasis is neither surprising nor inappropriate given the problems, priorities and preoccupations of the digital age. Not to be overlooked, and covered here in Sections 2 and 5, philosophic discussion has extended beyond informational privacy, engaging the privacy implications of observing, touching and choosing for oneself in medical practice. These forms of privacy are sometimes referred to as physical and decisional privacy. Associational and proprietary concepts of privacy found in health-related dicussions and recognized by some philosophers are also briefly treated in below in Sections 3 and 4. 