 Because Fast and Frugal heuristics are computational models, this leads to a third difference between the two schools. Kahneman endorses the System I and System II theory of cognition (Stanovich &amp; West 2000). Furthermore, Kahneman classifies heuristics as fast, intuitive, and non-deliberative System I thinking. Gigerenzer, by contrast, does not endorse the System I and System II hypothesis, thus rejects classifying heuristics as, necessarily, non-deliberative cognitive processes. Because heuristics are computational models in the Fast and Frugal program, in principle each may be used deliberatively by a decision-maker or used by a decision-modeler to explain or predict a decision-maker’s non-deliberative behavior. The Linear Optical Trajectory (LOT) heuristic (McBeath, Shaffer, &amp; Kaiser 1995) that baseball players use intuitively, without deliberation, to catch fly balls, and which some animals appear to use to intercept prey, is the same heuristic that the “Miracle on the Hudson” airline pilots used deliberatively to infer that they could not reach an airport runway and decided instead to land their crippled plane in the Hudson river.