 and if we accept \(L{=}aa\) we are forced to conclude that \(L{=}ab\), which Łukasiewicz thinks is false (SW 392, AS 171), citing Quine’s (1953) example (now outdated because the number has changed) that while it’s true that 9 = the number of planets, this is not necessarily true, although necessarily 9 = 9. Dually, we have