 Normative economics, even more so than political and moral philosophy, has traditionally been anthropocentric, but growing interest in animal rights and animal interests is emerging, following the lead of influential philosophers (see the entry on the  moral status of animals)  and, e.g., Sunstein and Nussbaum 2004). Interestingly, specialized studies in animal welfare, in biology, adopt similar methods as welfare economics to estimate animal preferences and conceptualize various approaches to their needs and their well-being (e.g., Appleby et al. 2018). Many arguments being developed against the current farming practices are still based on anthropocentric considerations such as climate change and ecosystem services. But the idea of carving a place in the social welfare function for animals, alongside their fellow humans, is gaining ground (Johansson-Stenman 2018, Carlier and Treich 2020, Espinosa and Treich 2021; for the opposite view, see Eichner and Pethig 2006). Budolfson and Spears (2020) propose a way to compute an inclusive utilitarian social welfare function based on a distinction between well-being potential and relative realized well-being.