 The most famous history-based argument against realism, issued by Larry Laudan (1981), was meant to show how the explanatory link between success and truthlikeness is undermined by taking seriously the history of science. It should be noted that Laudan’s argument has been subjected to several diverging interpretations, which will be the focus of section 2.8. For the time being let’s stick to a particularly popular one, according to which Laudan argues inductively from the falsity of past theories to the falsity of current ones. This argument may be put thus: