 Twelfth-century taxonomical discussions pertained to the division between concupiscible and irascible emotions, which proved to be cumbersome to many authors. A more simple but influential division is found in the treatise on the nature of love by Hugh of St. Victor, in which he defined the ascending sequence of love, desire, and joy (see above). A similar tripartite classification was used in thirteenth-century classifications of concupiscible passions. In his The Twelfth Patriarchs, Richard of St. Victor (d. 1173) operates with a list, not found in other authors, of seven emotions: hope, fear, joy, distress, love, hatred, and shame (see Palmén 2014). 