It is not clear why Arrow thought the case of the dead candidate involves different values and preference profiles. As he set the example up, it is natural to imagine that everybody’s values and preferences stay the same while one candidate becomes unfeasible (“we’d all still prefer \(A\), but sadly he’s not with us any more”). Apparently, then, Arrow’s example misses its mark. There has been much discussion of this point in the literature. Hansson (1973) argues that Arrow confused his independence condition for another; compare Bordes and Tideman (1991) for a contrary view. For discussion of several notions of independence whose differences have not always been appreciated, see Ray (1973).