 The earliest Arab philosopher al-Kindi (d. c. 853) was possibly known in Al-Andalus by Ibn Masarra (d. 931) since he criticized his views (Bellver 2020), and by the midst of the 10th century CE, materials related to the circle of the Brethren of Purity were known there probably brought in by Maslama Ibn Qasim al-Qurtubi (d. 964). Ibn Hazm (d. 1064), a theologian of Zahirite proclivity, polemized against Greek and Arab philosophers whose text he must have read in a direct or indirect way. But philosophy in its proper sense is first found in Shelomo Ibn Gabirol or Avicebron (1021–1058). The great figure of Medieval Judaism who was born in Malaga, but was active in Saragossa for most of his life, before moving to Granada and then to Valencia, where he died, was also a talented philosopher. He preceded, by over two generations, the first Muslim philosophers of Al-Andalus: Abu Muhammad Ibn al-Sīd al-Batalyusi (d. 1127), Abu s-Salt Umayya ibn ʽAbd al-ʽAziz ibn Abi s-Salt ad-Dani (d. 1134) and Ibn Bâjja, or Avempace (d. 1139), the latter being active also in that northern town of Saragossa.