 Several wing coloration variants segregating in a small natural population of the moth, Panaxia dominula (Fisher &amp; Ford 1947), were investigated using mark-recapture in one of the longest continuous studies of a single population in all of evolutionary research. The goal of Fisher and Ford was to determine whether year-to-year fluctuations in the frequency of the variants (medionigra, a heterozygote, and bimaculata, a homozygote) were better explained by natural selection or by random genetic drift. (Banding patterns in the snail, Cepea nermoralis¸were the topic of similar discussions of the relative roles of natural selection and genetic drift [Cain &amp; Shephard 1954; Cain &amp; Provine 1992; Millstein 2008, 2009].) They inferred from their analysis