 Understanding this scholarly debate is important for assessing the prospects of constructivism, especially as a metaethical view distinct from realism (Bagnoli forthcoming: §1). First, critics dispute the force and the target of the objection of heteronomy. Some doubt that ‘moral realism’ is Kant’s own intended target, hence suggesting that Kant’s constructivism does not build upon a critique of moral realism (Stern 2012a: 7– 68, 2012b). Relatedly, they deny that claims about the autonomy of reason or its practical function commit one to constructivism.