 In contrast, some of the presuppositions above have nothing to do with the meanings of any of those words. For example, we can say that the presupposition that the addressee speaks English, like the presupposition that the addressee is interested in what the speaker (or writer) has to say, is a conversational presupposition or, following Stalnaker (1972; 1974), speaker presupposition or pragmatic presupposition. The presuppositions associated with specific triggers are said to be conventional or semantic. The terminological distinction between semantic and pragmatic presupposition is of theoretical import: as we will see later, some theorists regard it as an open question whether there are any purely conventional presuppositions. A halfway house, suggested for example by Karttunen (1973) and Soames (1982), is to define a notion of utterance presupposition, thus involving a specific form that is uttered, but allowing that what is actually presupposed may depend also on the attitudes of the speaker who utters it.