 When an action is voluntary and its origin is within us, it is up to us either to perform the action or not (NE 3.1 1110a17–18), so if it’s up to us to perform some action which is noble, we also have the ability not to act, which would be base (NE 3.5 1113b5–14). Since we have the ability to do otherwise in the case of all voluntary actions, and it is only for voluntary actions that people are rightly held responsible, Aristotle endorses the Principle of Alternate Possibilities (PAP): a person is morally responsible for what they have done only if they could have done otherwise.