 Now we imagine Larry in a counterfactual situation. Counterfactual Larry is type-identical with Larry in point of functional profile, behavioral dispositions, and experiential history (all individualistically specified—that is, specified in such a way that does not presume the existence of anything outside Larry). The counterfactuality of the situation pertains only to Larry’s linguistic community. In this counterfactual situation, the phonetic or syntactic form “arthritis”—as used by physicians, lexicographers, and competent laypersons—applies not only to an affliction of the joints but also to various other rheumatoid ailments. That is, in the counterfactual situation, the correct use of the term “arthritis” encompasses Larry’s actual misuse. In this counterfactual situation, Burge argues, Larry possesses a true belief about what is going on in his thigh but, crucially, it is not an arthritis-belief. Rather, he has beliefs about a distinct condition—tharthritis, an amalgam of arthritis and rheumatism, as we might regard it.