 Since the early 2000s a new wave of philosophical scholarship has emerged that emphasizes the relationships between measurement and theoretical and statistical modeling (Morgan 2001; Boumans 2005a, 2015; Mari 2005b; Mari and Giordani 2013; Tal 2016, 2017; Parker 2017; Miyake 2017). According to model-based accounts, measurement consists of two levels: (i) a concrete process involving interactions between an object of interest, an instrument, and the environment; and (ii) a theoretical and/or statistical model of that process, where “model” denotes an abstract and local representation constructed from simplifying assumptions. The central goal of measurement according to this view is to assign values to one or more parameters of interest in the model in a manner that satisfies certain epistemic desiderata, in particular coherence and consistency.