 Those who reject the notion that there is an essential difference between scientific and non-scientific representation can follow a suggestion of Contessa’s (2007) and broaden the scope of the investigation. Rather than analysing scientific representation, they can analyse the broader category of epistemic representation. This category comprises scientific representations, but it also includes other representations that allow for surrogative reasoning. The task then becomes to fill the blank in “\(S\) is an epistemic representation of \(T\) iff ___”. We call this the Epistemic Representation Problem (ER-Problem, for short), and the biconditional the ER-Scheme. So one can say that the ER-Problem is to fill the blank in the ER-Scheme.