 al-Farabi |  al-Ghazali |  al-Kindi |  -->al-razi--> |  -->arabic-islamic-kalam--> |  Arabic and Islamic Philosophy, disciplines in: natural philosophy and natural science |  Arabic and Islamic Philosophy, historical and methodological topics in: influence of Arabic and Islamic Philosophy on Judaic thought |  Arabic and Islamic Philosophy, historical and methodological topics in: influence of Arabic and Islamic Philosophy on the Latin West |  Aristotle, General Topics: categories |  Aristotle, General Topics: logic |  -->categories: ancient--> |  categories: medieval theories of |  demonstration: medieval theories of |  essential vs. accidental properties |  Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich: dialectics |  -->ibn-matta--> |  Ibn Bâjja [Avempace] |  Ibn Gabirol, Solomon [Avicebron] |  -->Ibn Khaldun--> |  Ibn Rushd [Averroes] |  Ibn Sina [Avicenna] |  -->Ibn Taymiyya--> |  logic: modal |  syllogism: medieval theories of 