 Inferential theories seek to improve on regularity theories. Recall from  Section 1.1  that virtually all regularity theories face two problems of extension. First, in the case of singular causal relations, we have a causal relation without regularity. Second, in the case of spurious causation, we have a regularity that is not considered to be causal. A sophisticated inferential theory may allow us to infer singular events, such as the nuclear disaster in Fukushima and the extinction of the dinosaurs, from a rich background theory and certain further hypotheses about presumed causes and the context of the presumed causal process. At least some inferential theories hold the promise to distinguish between spurious and genuine causal relations. The idea is that genuine causal relations may be characterized by distinctive inferential relations, and so be distinguished from spurious causal relations.