 Buber, Martin |  communitarianism |  determinism: causal |  existentialism |  Hartshorne, Charles |  idealism |  individualism, methodological |  Ingarden, Roman |  James, William |  Lotze, Hermann |  Marcel, Gabriel (-Honoré) |  Maritain, Jacques |  -->Muhammad Iqbal--> |  personal identity |  phenomenology |  Ricoeur, Paul |  Royce, Josiah |  self-consciousness |  self-consciousness: phenomenological approaches to 