 One trivial approach to resolving such questions is implied by those epistemologists who are eliminativists about either belief or credence but not the other. For example, Richard Jeffrey (1970) and more recently Richard Pettigrew (2016) affirm credences while denying that beliefs exist (or at least express sympathy to denying this, in Pettigrew’s case); by contrast, Richard Holton (2008) takes the opposite position, affirming beliefs while denying that credences exist.