 One can agree with critics like Young in being skeptical regarding naive interpretations of impartiality without wholeheartedly rejecting impartiality as either unrealistic or undesirable. Even if our ability to empathize with others, or to genuinely put ourselves in their place, is limited by psychological constraints, the attempt to do so may represent an ideal that is worth aspiring to. Moreover, we need not follow Young in identifying impartiality with “an unsituated point of view.” An aspiration toward impartiality might instead involve an attempt to avoid parochialism by being open to as many different voices and viewpoints as possible. Amartya Sen finds such an aspiration in the work of Adam Smith, writing that “one of Smith’s major methodological concerns is the need to invoke a wide variety of viewpoints and outlooks based on diverse experiences from far and near, rather than remaining contented with encounters—actual or counterfactual—with others living in the same cultural and social milieu, and with the same kind of experiences, prejudices and convictions about what is reasonable and what is not, and even beliefs about what is feasible and what is not” (Sen 2009, 45).