 The language of “information” and “code” had entered genetics only recently and from several sources. One was Erwin Schrödinger’s (1887–1961) What is life? (1944), where he spoke of a “code-script”; another was the broader cold war techno-cultural context of cryptography, computer science, and cybernetics (Kay 2000; Keller 2000). In this context, before the early 1960s, most authors treated the problem of the role of DNA in protein synthesis in a theoretical manner, relying on mathematical and cryptographic considerations, and using computers to solve the combinatorial puzzle. Although some theoretical insights and much of the language developed at this time was important for later developments, these attempts by geneticists were ultimately unsuccessful (Sarkar 1996; Stegmann 2021).