 Books such as Feminist Interpretations of John Dewey (Seigfried 2001) and Feminist Interpretations of William James (Tarver and Sullivan 2015) have made these influences clear. In this latter volume Erin McKenna’s essay, “Women and William James”, points out James’ expectation that the women in his life (particularly his wife, mother and sister) play traditional roles of self-sacrifice.  The concept of “free will” is central to James’ work, yet, as McKenna reveals, he didn’t grasp how his gender, class, and race provided him this freedom. 