 Anderson et al.’s (2010) focus groups and surveys of scientists suggest that scientists do want to adhere to Merton’s norms but that the current incentive structure of science makes this difficult. Changing the structure of penalty and reward systems within science to promote communality, universalism, disinterestedness and organized skepticism instead of their counternorms is an ongoing challenge for the open science reform movement. As Pashler and Wagenmakers (2012) have said: 