 While the works of Augustine, Cassian, and Gregory the Great were among the main sources of the discussion of emotions in early medieval literature, new non-religious impulses were supplied by the Latin translations of some philosophical and medical works. One of these was the translation of the Arabic medical encyclopedia of ‘Alī ibn al-‘Abbās al-Mağūsī (in Latin Haly Abbas), which contained various remarks on the emotions based on Galen’s medical philosophy. The first partial translation by Constantine the African (c. 1080) was called the Pantegni and the complete translation by Stephen of Antioch (1127) the Regalis dispositio. Elements of ancient medical and philosophical theories of the emotions were also included in Nemesius of Emesa’s De natura hominis (17–21) from the late fourth century and John Damascene’s De fide orthodoxa from the eighth century, the latter being much influenced by Nemesius’s work. These treatises were translated into Latin in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. An important early medieval psychological source-book was the sixth book of Avicenna’s Shifā’, translated into Latin in the middle of the twelfth century by Gundisalvi and Avendauth. This translation was called Liber de Anima or Sextus de naturalibus. Avicenna’s work influenced the terminology of early commentaries on Aristotle’s De anima, which became the principal textbook of psychology in the middle of the thirteenth century; Aristotle’s work was translated c. 1150 by James of Venice and 1267 by William of Moerbeke. 