 Ciardelli (forthcoming) states truth conditions for a language with modal operators and a conditional operator. He defines the semantic value of sentences relative to two parameters, a state parameter \(s\) (set of worlds), and an attitude parameter \(a\). In Ciardelli’s approach, if-clauses restrict the state \(s\), as in Kratzer’s approach, but modals basically act on the attitude parameter \(a\), which can express various modal forces (universal, existential, or probabilistic). The framework allows him to derive as equivalences the facts  (9)  and  (10),  in the following guise: