 According to Richard, sentences express what he calls Russellian Annotated Matrices (RAMs). These are represented as tuples of pairs of linguistic expressions and their “Russellian interpretations.” (Richard notes that strictly speaking we don’t want a linguistic expression but rather some kind of internal representation to deal with cases like Kripke’s Paderweski case. See the discussion below in  Section 8.)  The pairs are called annotations. RAMs serve as both the semantic contents of sentences and the contents of beliefs. According to Richard’s account, (1), for example, is true relative to some context c and a world of evaluation w just in case Lois has a thought in w that is properly represented (relative to the standards in effect in c) by the sentence ‘Superman is strong’. The conversational setting generates restrictions on what words and sentences are proper translations of the representations of the alleged believer. Richard calls these restrictions on correlation functions. Correlation functions map annotations (used by the belief reporter) onto (sets of) annotations (employed in the alleged believer’s beliefs). The sentence ‘Superman is strong’ properly represents some thought p of Lois’s (relative to the restrictions in force in some context c) just in case a correlation function maps the RAM expressed by ‘Superman is strong’ to p that respects the relevant restrictions in force in c. Now, as there are contexts (and indeed, ordinary contexts will be just like this) in which ‘Superman is strong’ and ‘Clark Kent is strong’ are associated with different restrictions, we cannot substitute ‘Clark Kent’ for ‘Superman’ in (1) and preserve truth. Lois may well have a thought that can be appropriately represented, given the restrictions in the place in the context, by the first sentence but not the second. So, there is no problem in saying that (1) is true while (4) is false. (One of the distinctive differences between Richard and Crimmins concerns the specifications of the internal representations. Roughly, Richard thinks that a correct report only describes or “matches” the target mental representational of the subject, while Crimmins claim that a reporter refers to the mental representation. For more, see Crimmins 1995b and Richard 1993a.)