  These are recognisably versions of De Morgan’s Laws, that ¬(A &amp; B) ≡ ¬A ∨ ¬B, and that ¬ (A∨B) ≡ ¬A &amp; ¬B. As an example of the second of these laws, consider Mathuranātha’s remark (1951: 66) that a ‘heap’ of (specific) absences (abhāva-kūṭa) is equivalent to a generic absence. A place which is the locus of generic absence of fire is a place at which every particular fire is absent, and conversely, if every specific fire is absent, then fire is generically absent. Thus the ‘heap’ (conjunction) of specific absences of fire, is equivalent to the absence of any fire at all (the disjunction of specific fires).