Because there are so very many more uniform than non-uniform distributions, it should be extraordinarily improbable that a system should evolve from a uniform distribution of states to a non-uniform distribution of states. This is a problem about evolution. In other words, one would like to see that something like the statistical H-theorem actually holds.  Boltzmann’s (1877b) is widely read as a follow-up to these announcements. Indeed, Boltzmann repeats the first quote above in the introduction of the paper (W.A. II, p. 165), indicating that he will address this problem. And so he does, extensively. Yet he also states: