 Such findings also led a number of authors to claim that race still has a valid place in biomedical research: since these classifications are supposed to describe groups that are internally genetically similar, but genetically different from other groups, they can serve as useful proxies in estimating, for instance, the group member’s average risk of developing a particular condition (see, e.g., Xie et al. 2001; Wood 2001; Risch et al. 2002; Rosenberg et al. 2002; Shiao et al. 2012). Some authors are more cautious and claim that race should only serve as a loose and temporary proxy (Foster &amp; Sharp 2002; Jorde &amp; Wooding 2004) that should be abandoned as soon as we know the actual genetic variations that are linked to a particular condition or trait (Jorde &amp; Wooding 2004; Leroi 2005; Dupré 2008). Such critics may note that the most that these genetic studies show is that there is a correlation between a person’s genetic variants and their geographical origin, if only because variants originate in a specific place; and there is a loose relation between the socially constructed concept of race and geographic origin. But given the tenuous connection that this generates between perceived or self-identified racial categories and genetic constitution, race is a poor substitute for any actually salient genetic information that may eventually be related to disease. 