 Finally, there are passages, notably in the New Essays concerning Human Understanding (1704), in which Leibniz quite simply ascribes apperception, directly or indirectly, to beasts, as, for example, when he discusses the case of a wild boar that has only a bare perception of a human until the human shouts at it, at which point the boar apperceives the person (“s’apperçoit d’une personne”) and begins a charge (Bk.II ch.21, sec.5; A vi VI 173). 