  A weaker version of the structuralist critique calls for needed attention to the ways in which psychological and structural phenomena interact to produce and entrench discrimination and inequity. This “interactionism” seeks to understand how bias operates differently in different contexts. If you wanted to combat housing segregation, for example, you would want to consider not only problematic institutional practices, such as “redlining” certain neighborhoods within which banks will not give mortgage loans, and not only psychological factors, such as the propensity to perceive low-income people as untrustworthy, but the interaction of the two. A low-income person from a redlined neighborhood might not be perceived as untrustworthy when they are interviewing for a job as a nanny, but might be perceived as untrustworthy when they are interviewing for a loan. Adopting the view that bias and structure interact to produce unequal outcomes does not mean that researchers must always account for both. Sometimes it makes sense to emphasize one kind of cause or the other. 