 The Hart–Ross dialogue revolved around the merits of this analysis; Hart, for his part, found it altogether inadequate. Most crucially and memorably, Hart argued that “even if in the mouth of the ordinary citizen or lawyer ‘this is a valid rule of English law’ is a prediction of what [English] judge[s] will do, say and/or feel, this cannot be its meaning in the mouth of a judge who is not engaged in predicting his own or others’ behaviour or feelings.” Instead, it is an “act of recognition” of “the rule in question as one satisfying certain accepted general criteria for admission as a rule of the system and so as a legal standard of behaviour” (1959, p. 165). At root, Hart argued, Ross’ analysis of the concept of legal validity fails because “the normal central use of ‘legally valid’ is in an internal normative statement of a special kind” (1959, p. 167).