 Tye (2006a,b) and Cutter &amp; Tye (2011) take the badness of physical disorder to be an evolutionarily significant objective property of the disturbance (such as aptness to harm), whereas Bain seems non-committal about what the badness might eventually come to (but see his 2017). (For recent criticisms of evaluativism, see Aydede &amp; Fulkerson 2019; Jacobson 2013, 2018; see Cutter &amp; Tye 2014 for a response to Jacobson 2013. Jacobson 2018 additionally develops an attitudinal first-order anti-damage desire account of pain affect.)