Classical utitilitarians (i.e., Jeremy Bentham, J.S. Mill, and Henry Sidgwick) took benefit and harm to be purely a matter of pleasure and pain. The view that welfare is a matter of pleasure minus pain has generally been called hedonism. It has grown in sophistication (Parfit 1984: Appendix I; Sumner 1996; Crisp 2006; de Lazari-Radek and Singer 2014: ch. 9) but remains committed to the thesis that how well someone’s life goes depends entirely on his or her pleasure minus pain, albeit with pleasure and pain being construed very broadly.