 The group led by Olimpia Lombardi worked on the topic since 2005 when a paper advocating for the ontological autonomy of chemistry (Lombardi and Labarca 2005) was published. The paper sparked a hot debate which began with a criticism by Paul Needham (2006) that was immediately responded by Lombardi and Labarca (2006), and was followed by many other authors. In the meantime, Labarca and Lombardi (2010) also argued for the existence of orbitals in the ontology of chemistry relying on ontological pluralism. On the basis of the impact of her view, Lombardi (2014a) reviewed and organized the different criticisms and offered a systematic response to them; in turn, with Mariana Córdoba, she stressed the Kantian roots of her ontological pluralism (Córdoba and Lombardi 2013).