 The term “sociobiology” is also occasionally used to refer to current evolutionary approaches to human behavior, which retain the behavioral focus to which Wilson refers (Griffiths, 2008; Sterelny and Griffiths, 1999). However, while influenced by earlier sociobiology, most modern projects studying the evolution of behavior seem to have developed a variety of theoretical and methodological features of their own (Smith et al., 2001; Winterhalder and Smith, 1992); perhaps the best way to understand sociobiology in this case is in “phylogenetic” terms, as a historical ancestor of these projects. The “descendants” of sociobiology include human behavioral ecology, evolutionary psychology (Cosmides and Tooby, 1987) and more recently, dual inheritance theory (Boyd and Richerson, 1985; Cavalli-Sforza and Feldman, 1981). These projects as a group are now sometimes referred to as the “evolutionary social sciences” (Smith et al.,  2001)[1].  Over time the different theoretical views and choices of methodology have become entrenched in each project, increasing their disparity; the divisions also partly fall along disciplinary lines, with human behavioral ecologists tending to be anthropologists; evolutionary psychologists tending to be cognitive psychologists; and individuals working in dual inheritance theory tending to have some background in population biology modeling. All three evolutionary social sciences retain some of the features of the project that Wilson originally described in his book, however; in particular they retain its methodologically adaptationist approach. Of these three, it is human behavioral ecology that is most often called “sociobiology” due to its focus on the evolution of behavior (evolutionary psychology focuses on the evolution of psychological mechanisms or modules such as those for cheater detection; dual inheritance theory studies the cultural evolution of traits that are socially learned).