  Again, the bulk of contemporary work assumes that modesty and humility are virtues and sees the main challenge as explaining why. For many it was seen as valuable because of its theological role: Aquinas says that humility is important because it makes one open to God’s grace (see Summa Theologica 2.2 Q.161 and Keys 2003). Others have found it virtuous because of the non-religious good effects it produces, like combating jealousy and making social interactions run more smoothly. Others locate the source of its virtuousness in the underlying attitude it manifests, things like kindness and concern for others. Still others argue that it is virtuous because it is a fitting response to certain morally relevant features of the world like the equal moral status of all people. What modesty is and why it is valuable are related questions and the following sections will give an overview of contemporary views on both questions.