The dual-process strain most relevant to the current discussion posits two systems, one evolutionarily ancient intuitive system underlying unconscious, automatic, fast, parallel and associative processing, the other an evolutionarily recent reflective system characterized by conscious, controlled, slow, “rule-governed” serial processes (see, e.g., Evans and Stanovich 2013). The ancient system, sometimes called “System 1”, is often understood to include a collection of autonomous, distinct subsystems, each of which is recruited to deal with distinct types of problems (see Stanovich 2011 for a discussion of “TASS—the autonomous set of systems”). Although theories differ on how System 1 interacts with System  2,[30] the theoretical core of System 1 is arguing that its processing is essentially associative. As in the implicit attitude debate, dual systems models have recently come under fire (see Kruglanski 2013; Osman 2013; Mandelbaum 2016; De Houwer 2019), though they remain very popular.