 Occasionalism is the theory that there is no genuine secondary causation, since God is not only the first cause but the only cause. We might be tempted to regard a fire beneath a pot of water as a created cause, but its presence is merely an occasion for God to cause the water to boil. The worry about the sole-source thesis, then, is that it implies occasionalism. William Lane Craig, for example, says that continuous creation theory “runs the risk of falling into the radical occasionalism of certain medieval Islamic theologians …” (Craig 1998,  183).[1]  The Ash’arites, for example, believed on scriptural grounds that only God has agency (McGinnis 2006). They offered a variety of arguments for occasionalism and against Avicenna’s position that created objects have natures as Aristotle conceived of them and thus have causal powers essentially. 