 Such are the conclusions of the legal skeptics here considered. Such skeptics appear to deny that causation exists as any kind of natural relation, be it a “glue-like” natural relation, regular concurrence in nature, or something else. Because it is easiest to approach such skepticism historically, I shall begin with the badly named American Legal Realists (badly named because in no sense were they realists in the philosophical sense), with whom almost all of the skepticisms about proximate causation also originated.