 Maritain received his agrégation in philosophy in 1905 and, late in 1906, Jacques and Raïssa left for Heidelberg, where Jacques continued his studies in the natural sciences. They returned to France in the summer of 1908, and it was at this time that the Maritains explicitly abandoned bergsonisme and Jacques began an intensive study of the writings of Thomas Aquinas. Recent studies have argued that the influence of Bergson can nevertheless be found throughout Maritain’s writings (Nelson 2007; Gwozdz 2010)