…game theory…is, to put it strongly, confused about the rationality concept appropriate to it, its assumptions about its subjects (the players) are very unclear, and, as a consequence, it is unclear about the decision rules to be applied….The basic difficulty in defining rational behavior in game situations is the fact that in general each player’s strategy will depend on his expectations about the other players’ strategies. Could we assume that his expectations were given, then his problem of strategy choice would become an ordinary maximization problem: he could simply choose a strategy maximizing his own payoff on the assumption that the other players would act in accordance with his given expectations. But the point is that game theory cannot regard the players’ expectations about each other’s behavior as given; rather, one of the most important problems for game theory is precisely to decide what expectations intelligent players can rationally entertain about other intelligent players’ behavior. (Spohn 1982: 267)