 However, in a subsequent question (QsP; q.8) Brito also presents a way in which the actual universal can be said to exist in the external world. For, as was explained above in Brito’s logic, any cognition is an abstract or concrete intention depending on whether we consider it from the perspective of the cognitive subject or from the perspective of the thing understood. Hence, the actual universal understood as a concrete intention (i.e., as the thing understood) has external existence, although not independently of the intellect. But understood as an abstract intention (i.e., from the perspective of the cognitive subject) the actual universal exists only in the soul (QsP; see Pinborg 1980: 114).