 “Hwadu” literally means “head of speech” or “the limit of speech”. Since speech presupposes the discriminating mode of the mind, the hwadu works as a mechanism of transcending the discriminations of the discursive mind and thought. In “Resolving Doubts about Observing the Hwadu,” Chinul suggests that hwadu produces the “cleansing knowledge and vision” (Chinul-CW, 244). He then approvingly gives the quintessential hwadu:    