 A related but different literature has focused on measuring the freedom contained in a given menu from which a person may choose. Inspired by Sen’s (1985) remarks on how to value capabilities (see section 7.2 below), this literature has offered characterizations of various measures, starting from simple counting methods (Pattanaik and Xu 1990) and later on including additional considerations such as quality and diversity (e.g., Arlegi &amp; Nieto 2001, Barbera et al. 2004).  Surveys of this literature can be found in Dowding and van Hees (2009) and Foster (2011).