 The various versions of the dual copula strategy share the assumption that the copula “is” is ambiguous. In what follows, we will use the exemplification-encoding terminology. In addition, we will borrow from Zalta the following notational convention: “\(Fb\)” stands for “\(b\) exemplifies the property of being \(F\)”. “\(bF\)” stands for “\(b\) encodes the property of being \(F\)”. Furthermore, we will use MOT\(^{dc}\) as an abbreviation for “the revised version of Meinongian object theory which makes use of a dual copula distinction”.