 There are however examples of morally good actions which can be denied a supererogatory status only with much difficulty. Volunteering is a typical act that cannot be reduced to a duty, even not in a hypothetical manner as qualified supererogationism might try to do. When a job or a task must be done by a group of people, the group might select the individual who will do the job on the basis of some principle of justice or desert or, in the absence of such principle, by lot. In extreme cases, such as taking part in a highly risky medical experiment, it may be the case that no selection process, including lottery, should be deployed. If an individual volunteers to take upon herself the task rather than leaving it to the selected person, and particularly when it is wrong to select anyone, then clearly her act is supererogatory. Volunteering highlights the optional nature of supererogatory action in its purest form (the agent can hardly hide behind the morally modest expression “I only did my duty”). Promising is similar to volunteering in its optional nature which is not associated with the demarcation problem. One ought to fulfill one’s promises, but making them in the first place is supererogatory. This might solve a paradox which has been raised: is a promise to do a supererogatory act possible? It seems not, since the promise fulfilling act cannot be both an obligatory act of promise keeping and a supererogatory act at the same time (Kawall, 2005). This may lead us to the conclusion that it is impossible to promise to do a supererogatory act since no act can secure the bare minimum of the the obligation created by the promise maker: only a supererogatory act would be considered as promise fulfilling and such an act is by definition not obligatory (Benn 2014). However, if the act of promising itself is supererogatory, then so is its fulfillment, even though the expectation created by the promise means that after being made it must be fulfilled. The paradox may prove to be illusory once we distinguish between the general supererogatory nature of the content of the act (e.g. giving you a ride to the airport in the middle of the night) and the obligatory nature of its performance under the specific circumstances of having promised to do so (Heyd 2005). 