 Despite these successes, none of the analyses of actual causation developed so far perfectly captures our pre-theoretic intuitions in every case. One strategy that has been pursued by a number of authors is to incorporate some distinction between default and deviant values of variables, or between normal and abnormal conditions. See, e.g., Hall (2007), Halpern (2008; 2016: Chapter 3), Halpern &amp; Hitchcock (2015), Hitchcock (2007), and Menzies (2004). Blanchard &amp; Schaffer (2017) present arguments against this approach. Glymour et al. (2010) raise a number of problems for the project of trying to analyze actual causation.