 To a supporter of higher-order defeat, such reasoning looks irrational and dogmatic. (Furthermore, if she could reason this way, Aisha could arguably keep her high confidence in G—which his just to say, her higher-order evidence wouldn’t have a rational effect after all.) In order to rule out the rationality of such reasoning, while acknowledging that Aisha’s first-order evidence has not vanished, some epistemologists say that Aisha must set aside the targeted first-order evidence and reasoning once her higher-order evidence comes in. This thought is often called “Independence”.  Section 3.1  discusses it in more detail.