 Second, pornography creates a social climate in which, even where women do speak, their opinions are frequently paid little serious attention – especially where what women say contradicts the picture of women contained in pornography. Thus, women who do report sexual crime are often disbelieved, ignored, ridiculed, or dismissed. In MacKinnon’s words, pornography “strips and devastates women of credibility, from our accounts of sexual assault to our everyday reality of sexual subordination. We are stripped of authority and reduced and devalidated and silenced” (MacKinnon 1992, 483–484).