 Another approach to conditions under which an agent uses another, but does not treat him merely as a means takes shape against a literal construal of treating others merely as means. On this construal, discussed above, we use another merely as a means roughly if we both use the other and regard him as a mere tool. According to the approach, we do not treat another merely as a means if our treatment of the other person “is governed or guided in sufficiently important ways by some relevant moral belief or concern” (Parfit 2011: 214). But when is an agent’s use of another governed in sufficiently important ways by some relevant moral belief or concern? The agent’s use of another is so governed, according to one response, when the agent tries to and succeeds in using the other only in ways to which the other can rationally consent.