 One issue that has recently come to the fore is the problem of replication (Romero  2019).[14]  Statistical analysis is not deductive inference, and the mere fact that statistical analysis yields a positive result does not guarantee that anything has been discovered. Typically, an experimental result is only treated as “real” if its p-value is at most .05, but such a value just indicates, roughly, the probability that the observation in question or a more extreme observation would have been made if the null hypothesis were true. It is not the probability that the null hypothesis is false given the  observation.[15]  So, even when statistical analysis indicates that the null hypothesis is to be rejected, that indication can be erroneous, and the null hypothesis might still be quite plausible. 