 However, one thing that all critics, including the above-mentioned, agreed on was that even though its effect on medical practice had been negligible, the HGP had transformed biological research (see for instance Wade 2010; Varmus 2010; Hall 2010; Butler 2010; Green et al. 2011). One area in which genomic research had fundamentally changed both concepts and practices was in the understanding of what a gene is and how gene expression works and is regulated (Keller 2000; Moss 2003; Dupré 2005; Griffiths &amp; Stotz 2006; Stotz et al. 2006; Check 2010). With great foresight, Evelyn Fox Keller pointed out already in 2000 that the HGP was interesting not so much because of the raw sequence it produced, but more because of the transformations it brought about in our expectations when it comes to ‘genes’ and DNA (Keller 2000).