 What’s the same in sameness cases is interesting centered beliefs—it’s a similarity in states of believing P for interesting centered propositions P. In the burning pants case, all of the people who sincerely exclaim “my pants are on fire!” (and are disposed towards the associated non-verbal behaviors) are belief-related to having burning pants. Hume and Heimson are both belief-related to being Hume, and to having written the Treatise.