 Public justification theory rejects actual endorsement standards, opting for idealization (as we will see in 2.4). Today theorists either appeal to counterfactual endorsement or rationally required endorsement. In the former case, an agent would accept the law through a deliberate act of will. In the latter case, an agent endorses a law when rationally committed to affirming it; that is, rationality requires that she approve it through a deliberate act of will.