 For Marcuse, radical action was needed to overcome the oppressive, repressive, and reified structure of advanced industrial society. He saw common ground between Marx and Heidegger regarding this problem. At this point in his career, Marcuse read the oppressive structure of advanced industrial society through three lenses, the Marxian lens of alienation, The Lukácsian lens of reification, and the Heideggerian lens of inauthenticity. Although Marx’s 1844 Manuscripts which includes a discussion of alienation were not yet available to Marcuse when he went to Freiburg, Marx’s theory of alienation is implicit in various places in volume one of Capital where he discusses the reduction of social relations between persons to the relations between things while the relations between things are treated as social relations.