 Finally, on to  E4:  emergence as incompressible unfolding. Bedau 1997 defines a macro-state emergent in this sense just in case it can be derived from knowledge of the system’s micro-components only by direct simulation of the overall system evolution. Here the idea is one of “emergent phenomena as those for which prediction requires simulation” (Clark 2013: 134):  E4-emergent  macro-features would be those that can only be predicted by directly modelling the micro-features, with no computational shortcut to compress the information at micro-level. The first thing to notice, according to Clark, is that this notion of emergence is at odds with at least some of the previous ones:  E3-emergence  has it that 