  Erdmann’s edition immediately stimulated further research on Leibniz’s logic. Gottschalk Eduard Guhrauer criticized extensively Leibniz’s universal characteristic in the first volume of his biography of Leibniz (Guhrauer 1846). He stressed its absurd and utopian character: According to Guhrauer, Leibniz’s general characteristic must almost be seen as on a par with the philosopher’s stone and the secrets of producing gold.