 This critique has an analog for theories (such as Gauthier’s) that claim that without the contract individuals will be stuck in some social sub-optimal situation that is bad enough to motivate them to make concessions to each other for some agreement, yet the reason for their inability to cooperate without the contract cannot continue to operate after the contract is made. A potential solution to this problem is to argue that individuals will choose to dispose themselves to be constrained (self-interest) maximizers rather than straightforward (self-interest) maximizers, that is, to retrain themselves not to think first of their self-interest but rather to dispose themselves to keep their agreements, provided that they find themselves in an environment of like-minded individuals (Gauthier 1986, 160–166). But this solution has been found dubitable by many commentators (see Vallentyne 1991).