 The development of alternative methods of estimating heritability (e.g., GWAS and SNP heritability) has given rise to what is commonly referred to as the ‘missing heritability problem’, which has seen ample attention by behavioral geneticists and some attention by philosophers of science and biology. At face value, the missing heritability arises out of a numerical gap between traditional heritability estimates and SNP-based heritability estimates of the same trait. For example, traditional heritability estimates for IQ obtained using twin and family studies range between .5 and .7 while SNP-based heritability estimates of IQ are currently no greater than .25 (Plomin and von stumm 2018). Missing heritability is greatest among complex, behavioral traits.