 Each of these eight strategies for explaining normativity has of course been contested. In cases in which the explanans uses normative concepts, there is the objection that the account doesn’t explain normativity as such, but only reduces normativity to one variety of normative consideration. In cases where the explanans does not use normative concepts, there is the potential to provide an analysis of what normativity consists in. However, of course, every putative analysis invites objections. And, in every case where the putative analysis is substantive and philosophically interesting, it can be denied with some plausibility.