 According to Schroeder et al., each of these views “presuppose commitments regarding the nature of psychological states such as beliefs, desires, choices, emotions, and so on, together with commitments regarding the functional and causal roles they play” (79). Because these commitments are not only philosophical but also empirical, they go on to summarize the empirical work—“textbook neuroscience”—on the neurophysiology of motivation and to assess the implications of the science for these four philosophical views about moral motivation. 