 Be that as it may, the importance of the Topics for the development of 14th century theories of consequences should not be altogether dismissed. It is worth noticing that two of the first authors who presented systematic discussions of consequence in the 14th century, namely Ockham and Burley, are both in some way or another influenced by the Topics. Burley explicitly says that all valid consequences are based on dialectical topics (On the purity, p. 158 and 162). In contrast, the relation of Ockham’s theory of consequence to the topical framework is more convoluted; Green-Pedersen argues convincingly that Bird’s reconstruction of Ockham’s theory within the topical framework (Bird 1961) is not satisfactory (Green-Pedersen 1984, 268), but he also confirms that Ockham’s ‘intrinsic’ and ‘extrinsic’ middles, crucial concepts for his theory of consequence (to be explained shortly), are concepts essentially taken (albeit in modified form) from the topical framework.