 From the beginning, the best medieval philosophers are aware of the subtleties of ordinary language. In particular, they are mindful of the distributive function of the adjectival term “whole” (totus/tota/totum). That is, the term “totus” can act like a universal quantifier and, hence, the phrase “totus x” can mean “all the parts of x taken together” or “the entire x” (see  Section 2  below). This sensitivity to the distributive sense of “totus” might be what motivates medieval logicians to add further refinements to the theory of the Topics. Specifically, the Topic from the whole is routinely divided in a six-fold manner (see, e.g., Peter of Spain Tractatus V.11–18 (2014, 210–19); following Boethius’ terse remarks in De topicis differentiis II, 1189A–C; trans. Stump 1978, 52–53). In addition to the Topic from the universal whole and the Topic from the integral whole, there are these additional Topics: 