 Christian virtues were for Lange an essential part of education; however, the relevant form of Christianity seems to be quite vague, indeed bordering at times on some form of “indeterminate pantheism” (Knoll 1975a, 13). This is no surprise given his later discussions of religion (see below). Education, in the inclusive sense of Bildung, also required instruction in philosophy. Exposure to philosophy is an essential part of learning how to make reasoned decisions. There must also be education in politics. This gives one the requisite knowledge to participate in political affairs and helps prepare one for being a citizen (Knoll 1975b, 123).