 Instead, Frege thought that his logical axioms are (a) fundamental truths governing negation, conditionalization, quantification, identity, and description, and (b) principles from which other such fundamental truths could be derived. Indeed, even though Frege sometimes introduces methods for abbreviating these truths, he takes great pains to insist that these abbreviations are to be understood in terms of the full content being expressed.  For example, he summarizes the law of universal instantiation (Basic Law IIa) in 1893/§47 using a formula that we would write nowadays as: