 There are a number of historical case studies as well. Ronald Coase’s study of the provision of lighthouses in nineteenth century Britain has already been mentioned. Cowen 1992 contains a number of further case studies that look closely at contracts between bee keepers and apple growers (exchanging the public good pollination) in Washington State, fire protection, leisure and recreation in the United States, species conservation in the Cayman Islands, and education in Great Britain before large-scale state subsidies. In each of these cases, the authors point to private solutions to the public goods problem. A historical review of publicly financed public goods is provided in Desai 2003.