 Whewell is most known today for his extensive works on the history and philosophy of science. His philosophy of science was attacked by John Stuart Mill in his System of Logic, causing an interesting and fruitful debate between them over the nature of inductive reasoning in science, moral philosophy, and political economy (for discussions of this debate, see Hutton 1850; Losee 1983; Snyder 2006; Millgram 2014; Menke 2018; Gaukroger 2019; Snyder 2021). It is in the context of the debate over philosophy of science that Whewell’s philosophy was rediscovered in the 20th century by critics of logical positivism. In this entry, I will focus on the most important philosophical aspects of Whewell’s works: his philosophy of science, including his views of induction, confirmation, and necessary truth; his view of the relation between scientific practice, history of science, and philosophy of science; and his moral philosophy. His view of induction is the most interesting and important part of his philosophy as well as the most often misinterpreted.