 In the Critique of Pure Reason, Kant argues that some contradictions, the antinomies of pure reason (concerning time, space, and other categories), are produced by an illicit use of pure concepts; nevertheless, he also holds such an illicit use to be a “natural and inevitable illusion” (Kant, 1781, p. 300)—a side effect of reason’s pursuit of completeness in knowledge. Reasoning about the world as a whole, a totality which is never given to us as such, can lead us to apparently dialetheic conclusions: e.g. that it has a beginning in time and a limit in space, and that it has no beginning nor limits in space, that it is infinite in space and time. Both horns assume the opposite thesis and seemingly perform a reductio. (In Kantian terms, the “transcendental illusion” begins when we turn what should just be a regulative ideal into a limit-object.) According to Kant, at least in one way of resolving the antinomies, the fallacy lies in treating the world as a whole as an object—in mistaking a subjective “condition”, as Kant says, for an objective reality.