 Other philosophers offer partial explanations. Augustine says that although there is no determining cause of the devil’s choice, it is able to be partly “rationalized” in terms of Satan’s self-obsessed delight in his own powers (see King 2019). This is an early version of what is now called a “dispositional” account of evil agency (L. Russell 2014: ch.10; Kamtekar 2019). Early Islamic interpreters of the Qu’ran, by contrast, offer explanations in terms of ignorance: there is something that the supremely evil agent (Iblis) didn’t realize, or an inference that he failed to make, and this is what explains his orientation to the bad (see Germann 2019).