 In the Three Vows Sapaṇ provides a kind of abstract criticism of the logic of calling a practice “self-sufficient” when it is part of a list of five. It is perhaps in response to this point that Padma Karpo, a defender of the Kagyu, called Sapaṇ’s argument a “childish criticism”, depicting it as merely a worry about the meanings of words (D. Jackson 1990: 37). He says that if this is why it is faulty to say that Mahāmudrā is “singularly sufficient”, then it is also faulty to speak of the standard tantric practice as having the “two stages” of creation and completion—presumably, because those two stages also require preparatory bodhicitta generation and subsequent dedication. This does seem to take down at least one, abstract and logical, reading of Sapaṇ’s argument. It portends to give credence to the (rather overblown) claim among Sapaṇ’s later critics that he has read the Self-sufficient Remedy doctrine in bad faith.