 Fazang offers several metaphors to elucidate his claims about mutual inclusion and identity, such as the metaphor of Indra’s net and the metaphor of counting ten coins. The most developed metaphor occurs in the fourth and final section of the tenth chapter of Treatise on the Five Teachings of Huayan, where Fazang uses a metaphor of a framed building to explain six characteristics of dharmas as dependently-arisen causes (Fazang 2014b). Fazang labels the six characteristics as wholeness, particularity, identity, difference, integration, and disintegration. Each of these pertains to some characteristic an individual dharma has as a part of some integrated whole, akin to the relation a rafter bears to a building. Fazang’s explanations are notoriously dense. Roughly speaking, it seems that a dharma has wholeness insofar as it creates some whole; particularity insofar as it is numerically distinct from that whole; identity insofar as it includes all other parts of the whole; difference insofar as it is numerically distinct from those others; integration insofar as its creating the whole does not interfere with every other dharma of the whole doing the same; and disintegration insofar as its creative success does not depend upon the cooperation of other dharmas in the whole. 