 One human institution generates and qualifies another as the parental role supervenes on that of marital partner. Here Pufendorf follows Hobbes in holding that mere generation cannot ground parental authority (just as place of birth alone cannot ground patriotism), and that this depends instead on a tacit pact based on utility (DJN VI.2.2). Children supposedly assent to their subjection in order to survive, and because otherwise the beneficial ends of parenthood, which include the rearing, socializing, and civic education of offspring, cannot be attained. Moreover, he concurs, though mothers have primary authority over children in the state of nature where parents are roughly equal, fathers typically acquire supremacy through marriage pacts, which may be dictated by civil laws (DJN VI.2.4–5). As in the spousal relationship and for similar reasons, parents cannot be equally authoritative or sovereign vis-a-vis their children, but one or the other must prevail. Though this is usually the male, Pufendorf excepts Amazons and contemporary queens in whom the civil sovereignty reposes for dynastic reasons, and whose husbands are not kings but mere “spouses of queens.” (DJN VI.2.5) Also, like marital authority, parental power is limited by the institution’s end and normally excludes the right of life and death, and the ability to void grown children’s marriages. (DJN VI.2.14) It ceases when children come of age and are emancipated, though (as in the case of emigration, DJN VIII.11.3–4) it may be extended beyond that point because of special circumstances, including other pacts. Children always owe their parents imperfect duties of equity and gratitude (DJN VI.2.11).