 Fechner’s theory begins with a distinction between two standpoints, two ways of observing or knowing a human being. There is an internal and external standpoint, corresponding to which there are two kinds of appearances of a human being, internal and external appearances. An internal appearance is how I appear to myself or self-appearance; an external appearance is how I appear to others. There are two kinds of knowledge corresponding to each kind of appearance. We know ourselves as minds immediately, i.e., intuitively or directly and without the need to make an inference; but we know others mediately, i.e., intellectually or indirectly, through inferences we make from certain signs, viz., actions or words.