 In  Section 6.1,  we discuss the Hawking effect (the predicted emission by black holes of thermal radiation) and its associated problems and puzzles in detail. One puzzle in particular that seems to follow the prediction of the Hawking effect has exercised physicists and philosophers the most, the so-called Information Loss Paradox: the evaporation of black holes by the emission of Hawking radiation seems to lead in the end to a violation of one of the most fundamental tenets of quantum mechanics. We discuss that in  Section 6.2.  We conclude in  Section 6.3  with an examination of the claims that black hole thermodynamics provides the best evidence to guide us in the search for a theory of quantum gravity. 