To help think through these principles consider the case of Manuel Wackenheim. Wackenheim is a (so-called) ‘dwarf’ who (until a ban was imposed by the local mayor) made a living from being ‘tossed’ by customers in bars and nightclubs. This ‘tossing’ formed part of a dwarf throwing competition—a sport ‘in which the aim of the competitors is to fling a dwarf over the furthest distance possible’ (Millns 1996, 375). Wackenheim appeared keen to pursue his chosen career and didn't welcome the ban on dwarf throwing, saying ‘this spectacle is my life; I want to be allowed to do what I want’.