 The term ‘craft’ refers to activities which typically exemplify the following six characteristics. None is individually necessary, but the less of them that an activity exemplifies, the less sense there is in calling it a craft: (1) The applicability of a distinction amongst actions as means and actions as ends; a baker, for example, whips the egg whites in course of mixing the batter, for the eventual end of baking a cake. (2) A distinction between planning and execution; a carpenter, for example, may draw up a plan for a table, and then in a separate action or set of actions construct a table. (3) In planning, ends precede means in that the latter are chosen for the sake of the former, but in execution the means precede the end. (4) We can distinguish between raw material and finished product. (5) A distinction can be drawn been form and matter. (6) Crafts stand in three sorts of hierarchy: (a) The raw material of one craft is the finished product of another; for example the sawmill produces plywood, which is in turn the raw material for builders. (b) One craft has as its end product the tools which are employed as means in another. (c) Some trades work in concert to bring about the finished product; for example, the manufacture of a computer may involve separable manufacture of the chip, the hard disc, the monitor and so on, so that the final assembly is ‘only the bringing together of these parts’.