 The ecosystem services framing builds on the important idea that ecosystems provide many, often under-appreciated, benefits to people (clean water, useful resources, etc). It is natural to consider that these benefits provide a case for conservation of “biodiversity”. The ecosystems framing adopts the perspective that it is “biodiversity”—typically, interpreted broadly as ecological “diversity”—that is the basis for these important functions and services. This framing reduces the focus on variety of species or other elements (in the sense of counting-up). Perhaps because of the natural within-ecosystems focus, this also has amounted to lesser emphasis on global scale option value from such variety. The ecosystems framing reflects this perspective in the range of “biodiversity” definitions considered. The idea that “biodiversity” is important for ecosystem services is given support by defining “biodiversity” in terms of those ecological factors that are important for ecosystem services.