 Kant’s famous essay, “What is Enlightenment?” (1784), has been of particular importance to commentators concerned with Kantian reason and politics. (See O’Neill 1989: Ch. 2, 1990 &amp; 2015: Ch. 3; Velkley 1989; Deligiorgi 2005; Patrone 2008.) Kant’s second maxim, “to think into the place of others,” shows that he regards communication as essential to making valid judgments and to acting wisely and well. Thus Kant writes: “…how much and how correctly would we think if we did not communicate with others to whom we communicate our thoughts, and who communicate theirs with  us!”[26]  Kant also describes the first maxim as the way to achieve “liberation from superstition,” which he equates with “enlightenment” (5:294).