 Note how this version is immune from the Physics Student Case: what is learned, \(E_\textrm{logical}\), is something entirely new to the student, so the student simply did not have in mind a plan for responding to \(E_\textrm{logical}\)—so the if-clause is not satisfied. The Bayesians who adopt this version, such as van Fraassen (1989: ch. 7), often add that one is not required to have a plan for responding to any particular piece of new evidence.