 Attitudes toward determinacy vary over time. Bernard Williams (2010, 162) says Thucydides (460–400 BC) invented historical time. Thucydides insists that any two events occurred simultaneously or one occurred before the other. Thucydides does not countenance a vague “olden days”—a period in which events fail to be chronologically ordered. Every event is situated on a single time line. There can be ignorance of when an event took place but there is always a fact of the matter.  With similar focus, Archimedes (287–212 BC) insists that every quantity corresponds to a specific number. No quantity, however large, is innumerable. In “The Sand Reckoner” Archimedes devises a special notation to express the total number of grains of sand. The reductionism of Enlightenment thinkers led them to further analysis of shades of gray into black and white dots of precision. 