 Finally, it is obvious that the structure of Forbes’s argument has nothing to do with the fact that the chosen example is a tree. Forbes’s ‘reduplication argument’ therefore appears to pose a general problem for the characterization of de re modal statements about individuals in terms of transworld identity: either we must admit that their transworld identities can be ‘bare’, or we must find non-trivial individual essences, based on their intrinsic properties, that can ground their identities across possible worlds.