 Another question regarding stratification that even Hartmann faced during his lifetime was how this stratified scheme bears on the question of emergence (or “supervenience”). Hartmann himself explicitly refused to present an emergentist theory, and characteristically, he left the question whether an “evolutionary” account of the emergence of strata could be provided entirely open (NW10). Consequently, it has been argued that attempts to treat Hartmann’s ontology as emergentist are flawed by their conflation of the granular or hierarchical series of entities, as in a mereological hierarchy, with the series of strata themselves (Dahlstrom 2012; Peterson 2016).