 In response to this problem, we should start by noting that this problem is not specific to reliabilism (Cohen 2002). Indeed, the problem arises for all theories that allow for “basic justification”—that is, justification that is obtained via some process or method X without antecedent justification for believing that X is reliable. As van Cleve (2003) forcefully argues, theories that do not allow for basic justification seem to lead to wide-ranging skepticism.