 The combination of quantification and modality traces back to Barcan (1946, 1947) and Carnap (1946). Historically, however, this combination came under sustained attack by Quine, who, like Carnap, assumed that \(\Box\) could only interpreted in terms of logical necessity or analyticity. As Carnap himself recognized, the linguistic conception of necessity raises the question of how to assign intelligible truth conditions to de re modal generalizations of the form \(\exists x \Box  Px\).[25]  For the truth conditions for such a sentence appear to require one to make sense of the truth of an open formula of the form \(\Box Px\) with respect to an assignment of a value to the variable \(x\). If we read \(\Box\) to mean: “it is analytic that”, then one may wonder what sense could be made of the claim that an open formula \(Px\) is analytic with respect to an assignment of an object to \(x\). Quine had anticipated the issue in Quine (1943), and he pressed the criticism again in Quine (1953, 1960). Quine’s objections are commonly taken not to apply to other interpretations of \(\Box\) in terms of metaphysical necessity as discussed, for example, in Kripke (1980). When we move past Quine’s criticisms and combine pure quantificational logic with propositional modal logic, we obtain quantified modal logic.