 However, in typical cases, a hopeful person does not describe herself as acting as if the chances were higher, but as taking the chances as they are as good enough to try (Martin 2013: 23). Cheshire Calhoun (2018) shares Adrienne Martin’s criticism and argues that we need to distinguish a ‘planning idea’ from a ‘phenomenological idea’ of the future: The third component of hope besides desire and belief, according to her, is “a phenomenological idea of the determinate future whose content includes success” (Calhoun 2018: 86). This phenomenological idea, she argues, has motivational effects independently of the agent’s desires.