 In “How is This Paper Philosophy?” Kristie Dotson (2012) takes this expansion further. Dotson considers professional philosophy and its persistent failure to recruit women of color and other “diverse practitioners” (5), arguing that this failure is symptomatic of a “culture of justification” (6) in the discipline, which emphasizes legitimation and presumes the norms of that legitimation are univocal amongst all subjects. Dotson considers the testimony of black feminists and phenomenologists, including Donna-Dale Marcano (2010) and Gayle Salamon (2009) to highlight the feelings of “incongruence” (Dotson 2012, 13) that many diverse practitioners experience when confronted with these supposedly univocal norms, which often conflict with their lived experiences. In response, Dotson argues for the cultivation of “a culture of praxis,” in the discipline of philosophy, in which we value investigation of “issues and circumstances pertinent to our living,” recognizing that this will vary considerably depending on populations, as well as “recognition and encouragement of multiple canons and multiple ways of understanding disciplinary validation” (17). In so doing, Dotson argues, philosophy would thereby admit a diversity of concerns, methods, and canons, not for the sake of rendering all contributions equal, but for the sake of investigating which contributions might be “useful for some projects and irrelevant for others.” The upshot of such a cultivation would not only be to allow philosophy as a discipline to benefit from the ideas of diverse practitioners, but to make philosophy itself better able to present “livable options” (26) to those practitioners, and to black women in particular. 