 Carston’s (1988: 45; 2004a: 646–8) most influential argument is based on what are commonly called “embedded implicatures”. She would claim that if “Alice jumped off the cliff” were an implicature of “Alice jumped”, then we should not understand (16a) and (16b) as having the same truth conditions. Yet we do, Carston believes. The alleged implicature seems to fall within the scope of the logical operator, something she believes an implicature would not  do.[68]