 Since the third edition of PBE, the source of the four principles has been not high theory but the common morality. For Beauchamp and Childress, the common morality is what they take to be a universal morality, one to which all morally serious persons are committed (Beauchamp &amp; Childress 2019b). The content of the common morality is dictated by the primary objectives of morality, which include, for example, the amelioration of human misery. It encompasses certain rules of obligation (tell the truth, keep promises), and endorses certain standards of moral character, such as honesty and integrity (Arras 2017: 21–3).