 When harmful health behaviors are more prevalent among people with lower socioeconomic status, one might argue that the consequent health inequalities are simply the result of social factors over which one has no control—i.e., as akin to one’s childhood environment. This is too quick, however, for people decide—at least in some sense—to smoke, to drink alcohol excessively, or to eat a poor diet, and such decisions may not always be determined by social factors—e.g., material constraints on access to healthy food. This matters for evaluations of justice, since, as we saw above, some argue that health inequalities are not unjust if they are the result of voluntary choices. If decisions to engage in harmful health behaviors meet the appropriate threshold of voluntariness, therefore, one may plausibly argue that there is nothing unjust about that portion of the social gradient in health that is due to them.