 But propositional functions are not syntactic schemas in the modern sense. Tarski’s 1933 truth-definition paper (Tarski 1933/1983: 157, 160, 172) was one of the first prominent publications to use the word ‘scheme’ in a sense close to that of this article (Tarski 1933/1983: 155, 156). Tarski also uses the word ‘schema’, and its plural ‘schemata’, in the pre-World-War II period (1983: 63–64, 114, 310, 386, 423).