 Again, place had to be either (1) the matter or (2) the form of the body, or either (3) what the body exactly encompasses or (4) what exactly encompasses the body (i.e., the surface that is the innermost extremity of the containing body). As noted (1) and (2) are non-starters, and as just argued, (3) involves a conceptual confusion. Consequently, Avicenna concludes place must be the innermost surface of the surrounding body.