 Following Grice (1975: 39), it is widely accepted that generalized conversational implicatures differ from semantic implicatures in being cancelable. Whereas [3a] cannot be asserted without implicating [3c],  [5a]  can be asserted without implicating  [5b].  The speaker may do this explicitly by adding “Indeed, all do” after uttering “Some athletes smoke”. Alternatively, an implicature may be cancelled implicitly by the utterance context, as when it is obvious to all that the speaker is engaging in understatement. Whereas Some athletes smoke, indeed all do could well be true, The queen is English and therefore brave, but being brave does not follow from being English is contradictory. We saw above, though, that even semantic implicatures can be cancelled by figures of speech or conditionals.