 These lists of emotions do not appear in ancient Chinese texts before the Warring States period such as oracle bone inscriptions (甲骨文, jiaguwen) and bronze script of the Shang dynasty (second millennium BCE). They began to show up in the mid to late Warring states period. For example, the Analects and the Mencius, although they discuss affective states of the mind, do not list emotions in the form of xi nu (喜怒) or xi nu ai le (喜怒哀樂). The Xunzi and the Zhuangzi, however, list emotions in various forms that include xi nu ai le (喜怒哀樂) (Bruya 2003; Eifring 2019; Harbsmeier 2004; Puett 2004). Harbsmeier (2004: 70) reports that terms that refer to emotions such as xi (喜 joy), nu (怒 anger), ai (哀 sadness), ju (懼 fear), ai (愛 love), wu (惡 disliking), and yu (欲 desire) are not used in ancient Chinese oracle bone inscriptions. (Xi [喜] was only used as a proper name but not as a name for an emotion.) He also lists the following terms and points out that they are “absent in oracle bones and gradually emerge in the bronze, bamboo and silk inscriptions of later times” (Harbsmeier 2004: 70).