Of course, thinkers execute many different types of cognitive acts, so if there is only one mental process, the ability to associate, that process must be flexible enough to accomplish a wide range of cognitive work. In particular, it must be able to account for learning and thinking. Accordingly, associationism has been utilized on both fronts. We will first discuss the theory of learning and then, after analyzing that theory and seeing what is putatively learned, we will return to the associationist theory of thinking.