 Belief bases have been introduced to capture this feature of the structure of human beliefs. A belief base is a set of sentences that is not (except as a limiting case) closed under logical consequence. Its elements represent beliefs that are held independently of any other belief or set of beliefs. Those elements of the belief set that are not in the belief base are “merely derived”, i.e., they have no independent standing. In this way, models employing belief bases can be said to achieve a somewhat higher degree of affinity to natural-language doxastic reasoning than what seems to be achievable in models such as AGM that use belief sets as representations of belief sets. (A still higher degree of affinity to natural language can be obtained in models employing hyperintensional logic; see Berto 2019.)