 Philo did not deny that barbarians were able to create sophisticated forms of sciences and culture. Despite his own contempt for the Egyptians, he stresses that Moses himself received an education in which Egyptian sciences were included. Furthermore, he argues that many barbarians, though untutored in philosophy, have a natural intuition of how to live in agreement with virtue. In Somn. 2.56, the Indian ascetics (“gymnosophists”) appear as the barbarian form of the Cynic life, lacking any form of luxury or material comfort, and in Probus 96, the letter of the ascetic Calanos to Alexander [now known to be fake] provides the best evidence that some barbarians could practice a perfectly philosophical life without ever having received a Greek education.