 The second problem—hinted at in §2.2.2—is that any added parsimony gains for the existence monist must be weighted against potential explanatory losses. In particular, the existence monist is going to struggle to account for linguistic phenomena such as reference, without positing any objects to serve as referents (Schaffer 2012). And she will struggle to formulate her own theory, insofar as her own theory speaks of things such as “sentences” and “posits” whose very existence it denies (Lowe 2012).