 Beall contends that (1) Fitch’s proof turns on the assumption that, for all statements \(p\), the contradiction \(Kp \wedge \neg Kp\) is impossible and (2) we have independent evidence for thinking \(Kp \wedge \neg Kp\), for some \(p\). The independent evidence lies in the  paradox of the knower  (not to be mistaken with the paradox of knowability). The relevant version of the knower paradox may be demonstrated by considering the following self-referential sentence: