  Furthermore the Dispute Settlement Mechanism of the World Trade Organization functions in very much the same way.  The dispute settlement system first determines whether a state has in fact violated its agreements on trade and tariffs with another state.  And when it determines this, it permits the plaintiff state to act in a way that would normally be in violation of its agreements.  It permits retaliation through the system of tariffs and non-tariff barriers.  It cannot require this retaliation.