 Instead of focusing on relevance only, the choice of the most appropriate reference class may also include a mix of statistical (or epistemic) criteria as well as non-epistemic criteria. Dahlman (2018) proposes a list of critical questions, such as: Is the reference class heterogeneous or homogeneous? Is it robust? Does it put people in the reference class at an unfair disadvantage? The first two questions are epistemic, but the third is not. If people in certain ethnic or socio-economic groups engage in criminal acts more often than others, relying on ethnic or socio-economic reference classes may heighten society’s stigma and prejudice toward members of these groups. Relying on these reference classes should therefore be avoided, not because they are irrelevant but because they are prejudicial.