 And Haidt retained a version of the punishment question in his study: “Should [the actor] be stopped or punished in any way?” (Haidt, Koller, &amp; Dias 1993: 617). However, though Turiel and his colleagues sometimes collect judgments about punishment, they explicitly reject their use in assessing whether participants view a transgression as moral or conventional, since both moral and conventional transgressions are often punished. Smetana, Rote, et al. (2012: 683) insist that judgments about punishment “are not a formal criterion for differentiating the domains”. And Smetana, Jambon, and Ball (2018) tell us that while they