  In retrospect we can see Leśniewski’s obsession with the fine detail of axiomatics and his rejection of semantics as conditioned by his own idiosyncratic development and the predominant research interests of the 1910s and 1920s. It is in fact possible to apply more standard metalogical considerations to his systems, such as investigating them for consistency and completeness. However, the difficulties and complications of working within the confines of a fully nominalistic attitude—sans sets, sans abstract expression types—have put off all but a very few, and the relative ease with which results can be obtained when fewer ontological scruples are in play makes Leśniewski’s systems and others like them interesting mainly to certain philosophers, while mathematicians and mathematical logicians have by-passed them.