  For instance, Juana Inés de la Cruz (1651–1695), one of the most cited writers of this tradition, advocated for the intellectual life of women, which entailed denouncing norms of hegemonic masculinity. Her image as a protofeminist writer has been associated with lesbianism, as she led a monastic life and in so doing, resisted the dominance of masculinity (Gargallo 2009: 419). Her existence as an intellectual defied the authority of her times and her resistance is reflected in her writing.