 On the other hand, for Jaszczolt (e.g., 2016a) defaultness relies precisely on salience that leads to automatic meaning retrieval. She calls this view Salience-Based Contextualism: the meaning of an utterance is derived through a variety of interacting processes, some of which rely on automatic interpretations such as cognitive defaults or socio-cultural and world knowledge defaults identified in the theory of Default Semantics and discussed in Section 1.8. Such defaults are defaults for the context and for the speaker, but salience that predicts them is not. According to Salience-Based Contextualism, words and structures can trigger salient, automatically retrieved meanings. This is guaranteed by the fact that language is a socio-cultural as well as a cognitive phenomenon and as such is shaped by its common use in discourse on the one hand, and by the structure and operations of the brain on the other (see Jaszczolt 2016a: 50). Salience is situation-free (although not always co-text free – see above on fluid characters), defaultness is not: it is easy to imagine a speaker who does not make use of the available salient interpretation because he or she lacks the necessary sociocultural background, knowledge of the laws of physics, or is guided by the context towards a different interpretation. Defaultness applies to a flexible unit on the basis of which an interpretation is formed (a fluid character). Defaults in conversation result from emergent intentionality (Haugh 2008, 2011): they rely on the process of co-construction of meaning discussed in Section 4. So, conversational defaults subsume salient meanings – literal or not, such as Giora’s salient meanings understood as conventional, prototypical, familiar, or frequent.