 Consider a case: if a rod, R, is traveling in direction d and is observed by an observer, O, who is stationary with respect to R, then R will appear to be length l. If, however, O is in motion with respect to R, moving toward it, then the length of R will appear, to O, to be less than l. There are two competing explanations we might give, a standard “space-time” interpretation, as well as a “neo-Lorentzian” interpretation. (For philosophical defenders of the neo-Lorentzian picture, see Tooley 1997 and Craig 2001.) As Balashov &amp; Janssen (2003) have it: