 This use of speech act theory was one of the first developments of feminist philosophy of language to gain mainstream currency, and it has become widely taught and studied. Recently, however, sharply critical feminist voices have started to emerge. Separately, and for different reasons, Nancy Bauer (2015) and Lorna Finlayson (2014), have both argued that the feminist literature on speech acts and pornography is deeply misguided. Bauer objects on several grounds. She thinks it is misguided to treat pornography as speech, and she (like other critics noted above) argues that pornography should not be seen as authoritative. Her more fundamental critique, though, is that this literature fails to take seriously the realities of both pornography and women’s subordination—by not engaging sufficiently with the phenomenology of pornography use; by not attending to all the ways that the broader culture is involved in subordinating women; and by focusing on just women’s verbal acts of refusal, thereby failing to appreciate the fuller dehumanization involved in sexual assault. This is part of a broader critique, for Bauer, of both analytic philosophy in general, and widespread understandings of Austin. Finlayson goes even further, arguing not that Austin’s work was misused by feminists but that it never should have been used at all. She suggests that the feminist foray into speech act theory was entirely unnecessary, and also that the focus on pornography was misguided.