 It may be that there are ways of tinkering with the \(\lambda\)–terms to avoid the objection, but on the face of it the notions of local cognitive value embodied in both the linear and quadratic rules seem to be deficient because they omit considerations of truthlikeness even while valuing truth. It seems that any adequate measure of the cognitive value of investing a certain degree of belief in \(A\) should take into account not just whether \(A\) is true or false, but here the truth lies in relation to the worlds in \(A\).