But suppose Bob rather than measuring \(S_{bz}\) measures some other component \(S_{bw}\) of the spin of particle \(b\), where \(w\) could be \(x\) or \(y\) or some arbitrary direction in space? Again, Alice on the basis of her measurement outcome can still assign an \(S_{bz}\) value to Bob’s particle before measurement, and use it as a pre-probability to calculate a probability for Bob’s measurement outcome. Conversely, given the outcome of his \(S_{bw}\) measurement (and knowledge of the protocol) Bob can assign a state \(S_{aw}\) to Alice’s particle before it is measured, and use that to predict the outcome of a measurement of \(S_{az}\). Both reasoning processes follow the rules indicated above in subsection 5.1, but when \(w\) is neither \(z\) nor \(-z\) the single framework rule means they cannot be combined. It is at this point that quantum principles must be used, unlike the analysis applicable to colored slips of paper, where one can employ the single quasiclassical framework (section 6) appropriate for macroscopic physics.