  Given this state of affairs, it is no surprise that “the science of the soul” is the branch of philosophy concerning which Ibn Ezra has the most to say. Ibn Ezra evinces little interest in the metaphysics of the theologians—that is, questions of divine attributes, substance and accident, and so forth. Psychology was his metaphysics; it and it alone delved into questions beyond the material world and approaching the godhead. In a revealing remark he calls Ibn Gabirol “a great sage in the secret (sod) of the soul.” It comes as no surprise, then, that penetrating studies of Ibn Ezra’s thought, such as Wolfson 1990, Tanenbaum 1990, Hughes 2009, and Labaton 2013, dwell at length on the Ibn Ezra’s conceptions of soul.