 Medical practice and neuroscientific research raise a number of neuroethical issues, many of which are common to bioethics. For example, issues of consent, of incidental findings, of competence, and of privacy of information arise here. In addition, practicing neurologists, psychologists and psychiatrists may routinely encounter certain brain diseases, disabilities, or psychological dysfunctions that raise neuroethical issues that they must address in their practices. (For a more detailed discussion of these more applied issues approached from a pragmatic point of view, see for example Racine, 2010; Martineau and Racine, 2020).