  In a remarkable pair of works Koopmans (1960, 1972) exposed internal contradictions in ethical reasoning in a deterministic world in both Ramsey Mark I and Ramsey Mark II. He (and subsequently Diamond, 1965) showed that if relatively weak normative requirements are imposed on the concept of intergenerational well-being in a deterministic world, equal treatment of the \(U\)-function across generations has to be abandoned. We turn to that now.