 Windelband’s most influential and widely-read work, and indeed, the most influential and widely-read of all of the SW Neo-Kantian writings, is his essay, “History and Natural Science”. This essay is a contribution to the philosophical debate sparked by the 19th century explosion in what we might call the human sciences—principally history, but also comparative linguistics, anthropology, and comparative religion—that seemed rigorous and so “scientific”, but that seemed to differ fundamentally from paradigm mathematical natural sciences such as  physics.[24]  Windelband’s chief claim is that there is an irreducible methodological difference (or, as he puts it, a “logical” difference) between history and the natural sciences.