 The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic can be seen as a theorem about conservation of information: for every natural number there is a set of natural numbers that contains exactly that same amount of information. The factors of a number form a so-called multiset: a set that may contain multiple copies of the same element: e.g., the number 12 defines the multiset \(\{2,2,3\}\) in which the number 2 occurs twice. This makes multisets a powerful device for coding information since it codes qualitative information (i.e., the numbers 2 and 3) as well as quantitative information (i.e., the fact that the number 2 occurs twice and the number 3 only once). This implies that natural numbers in terms of multiplication of primes also code two types of information: value and frequency. Again we can use this insight to code complex typed information in single natural numbers. 