Herbart is perhaps most famous for his theory of apperception and its application to the problems of the ego and self-consciousness (Boring 1950: 256–7; Stout 1888b: 498). He considers these notions and their metaphysical elaboration as faculties or powers to be nonsense, giving rise to paradoxes of self-consciousness; for example, “a faculty of self-observation [introspection]” raises the specter of an infinite regress of “self”-observing powers (SW VI: 140). This is not to deny that ego, self-consciousness, or self-perception answer to genuine psychological phenomena. Rather, it is to set a task for psychology, namely how to account for these psychological facts solely in terms of representations and without recourse to faculties, since 