 Thus there are three kinds of nouns: concrete substantives, adjectives, and abstract substantives. The Logic says that adjectives have two significations: a distinct signification of the mode or manner, and a confused signification of the subject. Although the signification of the mode is more distinct, it is indirect; by contrast the confused signification of the subject is direct (II.1, 74–75). This is because the idea of a mode is distinctly perceived only when its substance is perceived along with it. So every noun picks out or distinctly signifies one thing, either an individual, a collection of individuals, or an attribute. Concrete substantives distinctly signify complete objects, that is, individual substances: “man” distinctly signifies human beings. The adjective “human” distinctly signifies the attribute of being human. And abstract substantives such as “humanity” also pick out this attribute distinctly. But the adjective “human”, unlike the concrete substantive “man”, is linguistically incomplete, since it means “a human [being]”. Linguistically, adjectives are gappy and require completion by a substantive to signify. The Logic identifies this incomplete signification as the connotation or confused (but direct) signification of an adjective. So adjectives signify ideas of substances directly and confusedly, and ideas of attributes indirectly and distinctly. Because substantive nouns of both kinds are linguistically complete, they lack connotation and have only distinct and direct signification to the individual substances or attributes they name.