  One might reply that the harm internal to justified punishment is harm we lack reason not to impose. Leaving this aside, it is far from obvious that harm has lexical priority over other values. The above argument for (HPP) seems to depend on this claim. But there is wrongdoing that is both serious and harmless. Imagine \(D\) violates the bodily integrity or sexual autonomy of an unconscious \(V\), but this is never discovered and has no further effects (Gardner and Shute 2000; Ripstein 2006, 218–229). It is plausible to think that the value of preventing such wrongs, even when this does not prevent harm, is at least sometimes capable of justifying the harm done by criminalization (Tadros 2016, 106–107).