 In MWO Lewis says in one place not only that appearances are physically conditioned by objects and the physical circumstances of one’s body and perception, which is certainly a reason for wanting to know such physical facts, but that these conditions enter into the basic understanding or meaning of material object statements: “It is such conditions which are expressed in the ‘if’ clause of those ‘If … then …’ propositions in which the predictions implicit in an interpretation may be made explicit” (Lewis 1929, 286). However, in AKV he explicitly rejects this position: “Thus those conditions which are directly pertinent to a confirmation and genuinely ascertainable are not objective facts but must be included amongst the given appearances. They must be items of direct presentation; and we might think of them as already covered by ‘\(S\)’ in our paradigm: \(S\) being given, if \(A\) then, with probability \(M, E\)” (Lewis 1946, 246). The result is that \(S\) in Lewis’ paradigm strictly speaking won’t just include the visual presentation of a doorknob, for example, but the appearance of daylight or the feeling of being clear headed as part of the whole presentation. Arguably, that, together with the probability qualifier, allows him to avoid Quine’s worries about circumstances of perception and the testable implications of empirical beliefs (Lewis 1946, 242–6). 