 One of the most widespread uses of game theory in ethics has been to postulate various functions of morality and to identify some of its important features. An early example of this is Edna Ullmann-Margalit’s The Emergence of Norms which argues that morality can be understood as a system of norms that enable agents to coordinate their actions in order to achieve mutually advantageous outcomes in situations where the pursuit of self-interest would normally prevent this (Ullmann-Margalit 1977). The now classic example she uses to illustrate this involves two soldiers who must choose whether to man their mortars in order to stem the advance of the enemy, or to flee. If both stay, it is certain that the enemy’s advance will be halted, but the soldiers will almost surely be injured. If both flee, the enemy will not only be able to take the mountain pass, it will also be able to overtake and capture the fleeing soldiers. And if just one of them stays while the other flees, the brave soldier will die trying to hold off the enemy, while the other will have just enough time to escape to safety.