 It is important to stress that the contrast between empirical and mathematical approaches was already evident to ancient theorists and commentators, who often passionately took sides. Ptolemais of Cyrene (fl. between the 3rd century BCE and the 1st century CE), the only known Greek woman music theorist, distinguishes between mousikoi and kanonikoi, a distinction that matches the one between Aristoxenians and Pythagoreans (Barker 2014: 185).