 The first influential challenge along these lines was mounted by Richard Shweder and colleagues who argued that the sort of normative judgments that Turiel would classify as conventional play a much smaller role in many non-Western societies, and that in those societies the moral domain—the class of transgressions that Turiel’s test or something in that vicinity would classify as moral—includes a wide range of actions in which no one is harmed, no injustice is done, and no rights are violated.