  Models of the evolution of conventions have in one case been extended to apply to meaning conventions. Skyrms (1996, chapter 5) gave an evolutionary interpretation of  David Lewis’ (1969) model of rational selection of meaning conventions. Skyrms was able to show that there is strong selection on the formation of “signaling systems” in mixed populations with a full set of coordinated, countercoordinated, and uncoordinated strategies. It is significant that the structure of the model and the selective process by which meaning conventions emerge and are stabilized largely parallels the account of the evolution of meaning given by Ruth Millikan (1984).