 Work on this entry was supported by a grant from the Templeton Religion Trust. The statements made here are those of the author and are not necessarily endorsed by the Templeton Religion Trust. Sections 1, 2, and 3 are drawn from Miller 2014, with permission of Oxford University Press, and have been revised for this entry. Thanks to Mark Timmons for catching several typos, and to a reader for two suggested improvements for the updated version. 