 Again, however, it seems that just as the molecular gene concept has not replaced the instrumental gene concept, the new, post-genomic concept has not replaced the molecular gene concept. Indeed, empirical research shows that groups that identify with different subfields of biology prefer different gene concepts (Stotz et al. 2004). Referring to genes as more or less straightforward representations of gene products in DNA sequence plays an important role in many contexts, and for coordinating research and integrating results from various fields. Gene annotation, for instance, which is necessary to make genome sequences in databases accessible in a useful way, depends on identifying genes in a canonical manner (Baetu 2012a; see  §1.5).  The persisting classical molecular gene concept can be referred to as the “consensus” or “nominal gene” (Burian 2004; Fogle 2000; Griffiths &amp; Stotz 2006). The post-genomic gene concept, instead, has been proposed to capture situations where researchers focus on the complexities of regulation, transcription, and translation, and conceptualize genes as template resources used in various ways in cellular processes (Griffiths &amp; Stotz 2006). Even in cases of complex transcription, however, the identification of genes tends to be guided by the consensus gene concept. As opposed to the instrumental and the nominal molecular gene, the post-genomic gene does not entail a prescription as to how to identify a gene. In some sense, the focus shifts more to function (the product), but at the same time this new concept de-emphasizes the gene as a unit and facilitates the study of the whole genome as a set of complexly structured DNA molecules (Barnes &amp; Dupré 2008; Falk 2010).