 Because any Islamic metaphysical system was committed to a Creator God, the ancient Greek use of atomism to solve the problem of change without something coming from nothing could not be the motivation for kalām atomism. Some scholars believe the created nature of atoms could have been used as an argument for the existence of God, since creation implies a Creator (Adamson 2016, 16). Atoms could not continue existing on their own but were continually recreated by God at every instant. Al-Rāzī’s atomism, by contrast, denied that creation from nothing was possible and supposed that atoms were eternal (Pines 1997, 48). Baffioni (1982) contrasts al-Rāzī’s physical motivations for adopting atomism with the ‘teleological’ atomism of the kalām schools.