 Nevertheless, there is a remaining doubt about the independence of objects of perception from a perceiver. Shepherd claims this is the only possible doubt with regard to CPI: experience cannot show that there is no unperceivable dependence relation among all the masses of qualities an individual purportedly perceives (EASP: 117–8). If this is the case, then all of these masses have a bond of interdependence with the cause of one person’s dreams, causes which are internal to this person. So, the demise of this one individual will dissolve the universe. Causal reasoning is of no use against this possibility, because if it obtains, the independence of causes in general is compromised. Ignorance on this point is grounds to doubt that any object is independent of the existence of one individual; yet no one can apprehend that this is so.  We confront a dilemma: either the universe is dependent on a single human mind or the universe contains something else and causal reasoning has scope in which to prove the existence of many minds, human beings, and other sensible objects. She claims that all human beings immediately reject the former, and have no second thoughts about it. She seems to regard it as an unfailing psychological pre-disposition. 