Thus, Ch’oe seems to hold a strong Vital Force monism (without any metaphysical transcendent Principle, forms, etc.) (混元一氣). The conception of Vital Force is rather heavily colored by the Korean native shamanism (musok or mugyo). Indeed Ch’oe’s Tonghak has a lot of shamanistic elements including the 21-syllable mantra. It also has a Daoist component such as the idea of transformation by doing nothing (無爲而化). Also, Supreme Vital Force not only represents the ultimate reality but also describes the nature of the ultimate reality Chŏnju or Hanullim (God). For this reason, Vital Force goes beyond a personal spiritual aspect and refers to the cosmological character of all things. It is also found in inanimate beings. In this respect, nature as a whole is one. The ultimate reality is found in all things. Ch’oe’s view is panentheism, we may say. The concept of God (hanullim) is certainly personal in that it has an infinite will and power (造化) but it is also a universal concept of the ultimate reality (Ch’oe, Tongkyong Taejeon).