 The research on animal culture is another example of value-ladenness, given that the driving force behind it is a fascination with human culture, and an attempt to map out the cognitive differences between our own and the other ape species that can explain the origins of our uniqueness. This is why the negative results in experiments that have tested for great ape overimitation are described as a “failure” on their behalf. However, by its very definition overimitation is the imitation of actions that are irrelevant to producing the desired goal, so one could easily turn these results on their head and describe this as evidence that apes will go for the more efficient solution to the problem, which children fail to do. The fact that these results are not described this way evidences a value-laden perspective, from which overimitation is seen as a “desirable” capacity, insofar as it is linked to other characteristically human traits, such as rituals, normativity, and cumulative technologies.