 If we want to understand neoliberalism in terms of the ideas of those commonly associated with it, and usages proposed by historians, we should understand neoliberalism as a doctrine about how politics and the economy should be organized. It is not a theory of justice or legitimacy. Rather, neoliberals appeal to a plurality of moral considerations to justify their preferred institutions. We should also avoid defining neoliberalism as fitting within any of the following four categories. Neoliberalism should therefore not be identified as (§2.1) an ethos or conception of the good life, (§2.2) a school of thought within utilitarianism, (§2.3) a version of libertarianism, or (§2.4) an ideal theory.