 A related question concerns how it can come to be permissible to treat A in certain ways that would, but for the actions or situation of A, be wrong. For example, it is wrong purposefully to impose a hardship on another person, unless that person has acted in a way that merits punishment. Wellman (2017) makes a close study of how it can be permissible to punish, concluding that the best explanation is that the wrongdoer has forfeited her right against hard treatment. A separate line of scholarship running through work by Thomson, McMahan, Otsuka, Frowe, and Lazar debates how it can be permissible to attack innocents during war (see Walen 2019, 2–8).