 Rape is used as an instrument of genocide because it is extremely effective in doing what genocides do: destroying not only individual group members, but “that aspect of the group whole that is more than the sum of its individual parts … the substance and glue of community that lives on when individual members die” (MacKinnon 2006, 225). This is especially true when the rapes leave children motherless, the victims with AIDS, other diseases, infertility, fistulas, and/or other internal injuries, and families broken as victims are abandoned and shunned by their husbands or other relatives. Even absent these additional harms, however, sexual assault may be especially well suited to creating a kind of self-annihilating shame in its victims, a shame that can focus on one’s group identity. MacKinnon points out that