 Thus we find game theory reaching beyond its traditional role as a technology for framing high-level constraints on evolutionary dynamics or on behavior by well-informed agents operating in institutional straitjackets. In Glimcher’s hands, it is used to directly model activity in a monkey’s brain.  Ross (2005a)  argues that groups of neurons thus modeled should not be identified with the sub-personal game-playing units found in Ainslie’s theory of intra-personal bargaining described earlier; that would involve a kind of straightforward reduction that experience in the behavioral and life sciences has taught us not to expect. This issue has since arisen in a direct dispute between neuroeconomists over rival interpretations of fMRI observations of intertemporal choice and discounting  (McClure et al. 2004),  Glimcher et al. 2007). The weight of evidence so far favors the view that if it is sometimes useful to analyze people’s choices as equilibria in games amongst sub-personal agents, the sub-personal agents in question should not be identified with separate brain areas. The opposite interpretation is unfortunately still most common in less specialized literature. 