 This levels-skepticism has also a more constructive side. Several authors have suggested replacing or reinterpreting levels talk in terms of other concepts, most importantly scale (Eronen 2013, 2015; Noble 2012; Potochnik &amp; McGill 2012; see also P.S. Churchland &amp; Sejnowski 1992; McCauley 2009; Rueger &amp; McGivern 2010). The motivation behind this is that the problems associated with levels of organization can be avoided if more well-defined notions are applied instead. For instance, the notion of scale arguably does not lead to the same kinds of problems as the idea of levels of organization. All that it is needed for arranging things on a scale is measuring some quantitative property of those things. Scales also have the advantage of being entirely continuous, while levels require placing things at distinct and discrete positions in the hierarchy (Eronen 2015; Potochnik &amp; McGill 2012). The scale that is the most obviously relevant one in this context is the size scale, which is based on how big things are: Organisms are usually (though not always) bigger than cells, which are bigger than molecules, which are bigger than atoms, and so on. However, also the time scale (the rate at which processes occur) is crucially important for understanding biological organization (Simon 1962; DiFrisco 2017): Interactions between organisms (e.g., sexual reproduction) take place at much slower rates than interactions between cells (e.g., synaptic communication), which again are slower than interactions between molecules (e.g., receptor binding).