 Following Neale (forthcoming), besides the distinction between the metaphysics and the epistemology of meaning, we should also consider formatics: the study of how the speaker forms the plan that eventually causes the production of her utterance. It is reasonable to be clear about these three approaches, because though different, they are closely interconnected. The speaker’s beliefs about the hearer’s capability of understanding in the circumstances of the utterance may affect, and typically do affect, her formation of communicative intentions, which, in turn, constrain what she says and implicates. Some approaches combine the three perspectives, and being explicit about their difference may be often welcome.