 A key challenge for legal probabilism—one that has galvanized philosophical attention in recent years—comes from the paradoxes of legal proof or puzzles of naked statistical evidence. Nesson (1979), Cohen (1977) and Thomson (1986) formulated scenarios in which, despite a high probability of guilt or civil liability based on the available evidence, a verdict against the defendant seems unwarranted (see  Section 6).  Other challenges for legal probabilism include the problem of conjunction and the reference class problem (see  Section 7).