 In addition to this alternative theoretical approach to fallacies built on the three criteria of a cogent argument—an approach also taken up by  others[7]—informal  logic’s contribution to fallacy studies lies in its attempts to provide better analyses of fallacies, a programme pursued by a large number of researchers, including Govier (1982) on the slippery slope, Wreen (1989) on the ad baculum, Walton (1991) on begging the question, Brinton (1995) on the ad hominem, Freeman (1995) on the appeal to popularity, and Pinto (1995) on post hoc ergo propter hoc.