 Since the evidence for Philo’s various epistemological views is philosophically rich but radically incomplete, their interpretation is unsurprisingly controversial. The primary sources agree that Philo’s views evolved between his election as scholarch in 110/9 BCE and the publication of the Roman Books in 88 BCE; but the precise stages of his epistemological evolution and the arguments that led Philo to change his mind are not explicitly described in the texts we have.