 Phase 3 studies which randomize participants to a potential new treatment or existing standard treatment, and satisfy clinical equipoise, typically include purely research procedures, such as additional blood draws, to evaluate the drugs being tested. Enrollment in these studies may be consistent with participants’ medical interests in the sense that the overall risk-benefit ratio is at least as favorable as the available alternatives. Yet, evaluation of the overall risk-benefit profile of the study masks the fact that it includes individual procedures which are contrary to participants’ medical interests, and contrary to the norms of clinical medicine.