 The emblematic moment in this dispute came during the 5th International Congress for the Unity of Science in 1939, held at Harvard University—one of the highpoints of the activities of the “Vienna Circle in exile” in America (see Holton 1995b). Bridgman was invited to address this conference, and chose to give a talk entitled “Science: Public or  Private?”.[4]  At this point it became clear that his enterprise was fundamentally at odds with the logical positivist project, despite the surface kinship: