Jamieson (1998) argues for perceptualism, pointing out that our everyday practices of attributing mental states to nonhuman animals are deeply ingrained, automatic, conceptually unifying and empirically powerful. Strands of the same point of view can also be found in scientists writing about cognitive ethology and in Wittgensteinian attitudes towards questions of animal mind (e.g., Gaita 2003). Perceptualism as a theory of social cognition (e.g. empathy) in philosophy of psychology has recently been defended by Zahavi (2011) and Gallagher (2008).