 Hazardous Waste: A city’s officials need to remove and dispose of hazardous waste found near a residential area. This removal will release some hazardous chemicals, but it is much less dangerous than leaving the waste where it is. Even if the officials take all reasonable precautions, some hazardous material will be released – enough to cause lung damage to anyone directly exposed but not enough to pose a serious threat to anyone who stays indoors and away from the excavation site. (Scanlon 1998, p. 257; Kumar 2015, p. 264)