  As many have pointed out (cf. Russell 1905 and 1907; see also Berto 2013 and Priest 2005), the original theory defended by Meinong faces problems. In particular, Meinong’s theory is threatened by triviality (Berto 2013, 106–107); that is, the situation in which everything exists—including items that clearly do not.  E.g., if I refer to not just to Sherlock Holmes but to “the existing Sherlock Holmes”, then it seems by (MN4) that Sherlock Holmes exists.