 Another concern is that given its disregard for theoretically-derived principles, radical casuistry may amount to no more than a refinement of our intuitive responses to cases. It might be thought to be morally conservative, ill-equipped for social critique, with the casuist as mere expositor of pre-ordained moral norms (Arras 2017: 60–67). Finally, the approach seems to require pre-established agreement on fundamental values in order to reach conclusions, agreement that may well be lacking in pluralistic modern society.