  AI applications deal with with knowledge in the form of stored representations, and the tradition in AI with which we are concerned here thinks of reasoning as the manipulation of symbolic representations. Also, it is mainly due to AI that the problem of limited rationality has become a topic of serious interest, providing a counterbalance to the idealizations of philosophy and economics.[37]  So you would think that a logical model of propositional attitudes that is committed to closure under logical consequence would be highly unpopular in AI. But this is not so; the possible worlds approach to attitudes is not only the leading theory in the areas discussed in  Fagin et al. 1995,  but has even been advocated in robotics applications; see  Rosenschein &amp; Kaelbling 1995;  Rosenschein 1989.  Nevertheless, the issue of hyperintensionality has been investigated in the AI literature; see  Perlis 1985;  Konolige 1986;  Lakemeyer 1997;  Levesque 1984).  Though there are some new positive results here, the AI work in this area has, for the most part, been as inconclusive as that in philosophy.