 Then the simple view is that the cognitive value of believing \(A\) to degree \(P(A)\) (where \(C_i\) is the complete true answer) is greater the closer \(P(A)\) is to the actual value of \(V_i (A)\)– that is, the smaller \(|V_i (A)-P(A)|\) is. Variants of this idea have been endorsed, for example by Horwich (1982, 127–9), and Goldman (1999), who calls this “veristic value”.