 Foot raises the question of whether virtue always results in good action and, in “Virtues and Vices” (1978), she affirms that it does. One difficulty is to account for the appearance that someone who is engaging in a bad action may still exhibit a virtue. She gives the example of a fearless murderer: does the fearless murderer exhibit courage? Foot thinks that the appearance that he does is misleading. She allows that we may be inclined to say that an act ‘took courage’ or to speak of the ‘courage of the murderer’, but we still resist calling it a ‘courageous act’ or an ‘act of courage’. In “Von Wright on Virtue” (1989), Foot adds that we may be willing to describe an action as an ‘act of courage’ in cases where 