 Finally (4), unique particulars are ultimately real not only on the ground that they constitute the final ontological status, but also because it forms the basis of the Sautrāntika soteriology. The attainment of nirvāṇa — the ultimate freedom from the afflictions of life—for the Sautrāntika, according to Dharmakīrti’s Vādanyāya, has an immediate perception of the unique particulars as its necessary condition (Tshad ma che 108b–109a).