 Reactions to excessively “high philosophy” began to arise in the 1940s, helped by the arrival of thinkers from Europe, for example Juan David García Bacca in the cases of Ecuador, Mexico, and Venezuela, Hans Lindemann in Argentina, and Gilles-Gaston Granger in Brazil. Along the way came a revival of interest in logic, science-friendly epistemology, and the study of conceptual structures. Thanks to these developments, when philosophy of science became a professional field in the late 1940s, Latin America had some scientists and philosophers ready and willing to fully join their counterparts in Europe and North America. Since then, for the past seventy years, a number of philosophers of science based in Latin America, often in uncooperative environments, have managed to produce work of the highest international standards (something not so clearly apparent in the developing world in other branches of international philosophy).