 In order to support (Claim 1), two strategies have been pursued. The first strategy is to argue that the core assumptions of the substance paradigm—especially the focus on discrete, countable, static individuals and the neglect of dynamic aspects—simply reflect the cognitive dispositions that are typical for the speakers of the languages in which Western metaphysics were mainly developed, such as Ancient Greek, Latin, German, and  English.[4]  The second strategy is to select a well-known argument for the necessity of substance-based metaphysics and to show that it involves a petitio principii. For example, consider Peter F. Strawson’s widely accepted argument against the very possibility of process  metaphysics.[5]  Strawson’s argument can be reconstructed as follows: