In a later study, Batson tested this possibility using secret observations of how each participant who flipped ended up having his or her coin fall (Batson et al. 2002: 334–338). Of the 32 who flipped the coin, 16 got OTHER to POS or otherwise fiddled the coin flip so that it came out in their favor (i.e., repeated flipping). For this group, the mean rated morality of their action was 5.56, which was significantly higher than the 3.89 for the group which assigned itself to the positive task without using the coin. On the other hand, it was also lower than the 7.45 for the group which flipped, won SELF to POS, and assigned themselves to the positive task (2002: 336). The upshot is that,