  The same situation arises with moral beliefs. A father might be justified in believing that he should tell his children the truth rather than lying to them, even if the father is not justified in believing that he should tell his children the truth as opposed to keeping quiet. Or someone might be justified in favoring Kantian moral theory over act-utilitarianism, because of counterexamples to act-utilitarianism, without being justified on that basis in favoring Kantian moral theory over rule-utilitarianism, if that alternative is not subject to the same counterexamples.