  A slightly different tack is to invoke the idea of coercion by circumstances, specifically coercion by poverty (Annas 1984; Rippon 2014; Torcello &amp; Wear 2000). Thus, someone might argue that even though valid consent from ‘desperate’ people is possible in principle for the reasons just given, consent will normally be invalid when the person consenting (e.g., to selling her kidney) is coerced by poverty. The difference between coercion by poverty and Radcliffe Richards' cancer example is supposed to be that whereas the cancer is a morally neutral natural occurrence, the poverty (at least in some cases) is the result of immoral acts and policies; it is unjust poverty.