 Contemporary pragmatics is a large, active, interdisciplinary field. The work we have considered here merges into important work in logic, computer science and other areas we have not been able to discuss. Philosophers, the founders of the discipline, continue to play an important role in this field. Philosophically oriented pragmatists (to give an old term a new meaning) usually consider pragmatic issues with an eye towards large issues in the philosophy of language and beyond. But in the course of this, they provide detailed analyses and consider a wide variety of cases that continue to provide ideas and inspiration for pragmatists from other disciplines. There is formal and computational pragmatics; theoretical and applied; clinical, experimental pragmatics and even neuropragmatics; there is also intercultural. Interlinguistic and intersociocultural pragmatics; historical pragmatics and history of pragmatics. And this list, as the whole entry, is not exhaustive.