 For some, the question of personhood comes apart from the question of identity. Even if personal (i.e. numerical) identity is unchallenged by neurotechnologies and by brain dysfunction, important neuroethical questions may still be raised. Philosophers less concerned with metaphysical questions about numerical identity have focused more on the self, and on notions of authenticity and self-identification, emphasizing the importance of the psychological perspective of the person in question in creating a coherent self (Mackenzie and Walker, 2015; Erler, 2011; Pugh et al., 2017). In this vein, Schectman has suggested that what is important is the ability to create a coherent narrative, or “narrative self” (Schectman, 2014). There is evidence that the ability to create and sustain a coherent narrative in which we are the protagonist and with which we identify, is a measure of psychological health (Waters et al., 2014). On the other hand, some philosophers deny that they have a narrative self and locate selfhood in a synchronic property (Strawson, 2004). To further complicate matters, it has been suggested that there is a distinction between the narrative person and the narrative self, these being differentiable via degrees of appropriation. Concerns about the nature and coherence of the narrative self, and about authenticity and autonomy, tend to be the ones most relevant to neuroethics, since these constructs clearly can be affected by even modest brain changes. For example, how do we evaluate the costs and ethical issues attending a dramatic change in personality, or a modification of key memories? What are the criteria governing whether one is authentic or inauthentic, and what is the value of authenticity? If neurointerventions promise to result in dramatic shifts in a person’s values and commitments, whose interests should take priority if one person must be favored - the original or the resulting person? The relevance of personhood, self, agency, identity and identification needs further elaboration for neuroethics. In what follows we discuss how one neurotechnology can bear upon some of these questions.