 Throughout the 19th century, Mexican intellectuals entertained a wide variety of philosophical schools, including liberalism, utilitarianism, sensualism, materialism, and socialism. Some also developed anarchist and romantic ideas, such as Juan Nepomuceno Adorno, a romantic whose La armonía del universo (1862) proposes a deistic philosophy and a utopian conception of human nature and society. But the main school of philosophy that dominated the second half of the century was positivism, understood broadly to encompass authors as varied as Auguste Comte, Herbert Spencer, Hyppolite Taine, and John Stuart Mill.