 Judgments related to free will, control, blame, and punishment also vary across cultures (Hannikainen et al. 2019; for a different line of cross-cultural research on free will, see Sarkissian et al. 2010). In most cultures, people deny free will and control (and thus blame and punish less) when the agent’s action is described as antecedently caused; by contrast, they assign free will and control when the action originates stems from the agent’s own will even if she could not have done otherwise (a situation illustrated by Frankfurt cases). East Asians, however, differ in treating these two kinds of situations similarly: if the surrounding circumstances undercut the agent’s capacity to have done otherwise, they tend to deny her free will and control. East Asians’ greater attention to contextual factors when explaining behavior (Choi, Nisbett and Norenzayan 1999) might account for this finding (for related research, see Buchtel et al. 2018). Berniunas and colleagues (2021) have even argued that the concept of free will is a culture-specific concept, not found in most cultures. 