 But does the account count too much as treating another as a means? Suppose that an usher at a concert is trying to prevent a small child from falling through railing on a balcony. She pushes a spectator out of the way to get to the child. The specification we are considering implies that the usher has used the spectator as a means; for she has intentionally done something to her (i.e., pushed her aside) in order to attain an end (i.e., to get to the child). Some might say that the usher has treated the spectator in some way, namely, as an obstacle to be displaced. Yet she has not used the spectator.