 Start with what a person is morally responsible for. As formulated above, PAP is about responsibility for what a person “has done”. For most of this entry this will be interpreted to mean her actions (see entry on  action),  here construed broadly to include both overt actions, such as walking to the store or shooting a gun, and mental actions, such as choosing to go to law school or calculating a move in chess. In addition to being responsible for actions, a person can be responsible for the consequences of her actions. By putting salt in Sean’s tea, Meghan is responsible, not just for ruining Sean’s tea (what she did), but for his tea’s being ruined (the consequence of what she did). A politician’s opponents may claim she is responsible for an economic downturn, a result of her decisions and policies. Finally, a person can be responsible for failures to act, sometimes known as refrainings or omissions, and the consequences of such. Luke the indifferent lifeguard is accountable for not saving the drowning swimmer, and thus for the death as well. PAP has a different cast depending on whether responsibility for actions, consequences, or omissions is at issue. The focus for most of this entry is on actions, but responsibility for consequences and omissions will appear again in  §5.3.