 Recently, Soulé’s vision has been called into question by the “new conservationists”. Peter Kareiva and Michelle Marvier have argued for a different foundation for conservation biology or what they call “conservation science” (Kareiva &amp; Marvier 2012). They argue that the science needs a new normative direction for a variety of reasons. First, conservation biology has traditionally focused on conserving natural systems for the intrinsic value of these systems. However, they contend ecological systems can only be successfully managed by embracing the instrumental values provided to humans by these systems. Traditional conservation biology they allege has been at the expense of third world stakeholders and contrary to the interests of women. Second, we live on a planet that has been deeply influenced by humans; so much so that many suggest we live in a new geological epoch, the Anthropocene. Human population stands at approximately 7 billion and our energy consumption has only increased over time. Humans have deforested, urbanized, polluted, extirpated, and overharvested to such a degree that there is no “pristine” nature available. “Fortress conservation” is an out-of-date model of what we should and can do. Moreover, environmental attitudes have changed over time—we value environmental goods and services less and less in the United States. Thus, we must focus on what people care about and focus on motivating them through these valuations. Third, ecological systems are not as fragile as traditional ecology suggests. Rather, they are remarkably resilient. Marine systems overcome oil spills, deforested areas rebound, bird species dwindle but are rarely eliminated whole cloth, and coral reefs can even come back from a hydrogen bomb. Fourth, we can avoid the tragedy of the commons, which has been a major theoretical structure for interpreting environmental decision-making. Following the work of Elinor Ostrom, local buy-in can eliminate the self-interested behavior that leads to such zero-sum behavior (Ostrom 1990). To move forward, they recommend that we recognize conservation can only occur within human-affected landscapes; that we work with corporations and not merely oppose them; and that we avoid threatening the human rights of the disenfranchised.