  The first section discusses conceptions of modesty and humility and their key features and gives a brief historical overview of debates about whether or not they’re really virtues at all. The second section discusses theories of modesty and humility that root them in the presence or absence of particular beliefs. The third section covers a wide range of recent accounts that appeal to non-doxastic states such as emotion, desire, and attention. The final section considers related phenomena in epistemology: rational limits on self-ascription of error, attitudes to disagreement, and openness to alternative views.