 Contract pregnancy is also criticized on grounds of harm to women. One such harm is that, in practice, it treats women as, and reinforces the perception of them as, mere fetal “containers” (Purdy 1990, Satz 2010, Baron 2019). The fact that it gives medical staff and intending parents extensive control over women’s sexuality and their bodies is particularly troubling in the context of gender inequality (Satz 2010). But others reject bans on surrogacy contracts as paternalistic, unduly limiting women’s freedom. Nevertheless, even those who defend contract pregnancy urge that safeguards, such as mandated post-natal waiting periods during which the gestational mother is permitted to change her mind or age-based restrictions on who may enter into such contracts, should be in place to protect the interests of the child and of the gestator (Steinbock 1988; Straehle 2016; see also Botterell and McLeod 2016).