 Mally’s list of surprising theorems seems too short: for example, (24) is equivalent with A → !A in virtue of Def. f. But A → !A may be paraphrased as “the facts ought to be the case,” an assertion which Mally regarded as surprising (Mally 1926, p. 24). So then why didn’t he call (24) surprising? Did it not surprise him after (22)?