 Although qing does not always mean emotions and feelings in many Chinese texts in the pre-Han period, it is sometimes discussed in the context of cataloging or categorizing psychological states. Probably, the most common list of emotions in ancient Chinese texts is xi nu ai le (喜怒哀樂 joy, anger, sadness, and pleasure). They appear in many Chinese texts as representative terms or categories of inner affective states. There are other lists of emotions in early Chinese texts but they are somewhat similar to each other.