 Antonio Caso was the leading figure of Mexican philosophy in the first decades of the 20th century, and was most influential as a charismatic professor who inspired generations of students to pursue philosophy. Caso also created the Department of Philosophy at the National University of Mexico and helped to introduce Mexicans to contemporary European philosophers and schools of thought. His most important work, Existencia como economía, como desinterés y como caridad (1919), was a challenge to Darwin’s theory of biology, Spencer’s social evolutionism, Nietzsche’s doctrine of the Übermensch, and Max Stirner’s radical egoism, and it drew inspiration from sources as diverse as Bergson, Tolstoy, and Christianity.