 But caution is needed here (for a number of concerns, see Miller 2019b). For the VIA, unlike the other three approaches examined in this entry, was not arrived at empirically. As Peterson noted in a later article, “Our classification of character strengths under core virtues is a conceptual scheme and not an empirical claim” (Peterson and Park 2009: 31). We saw already that it is a theoretical classification derived from the writings of philosophers, religious thinkers, and famous exemplars of good character, as well as more popular level expressions of character in greeting cards and games (Peterson and Seligman 2004: 9–10). Furthermore, Peterson and Seligman are explicit that they aligned their approach with virtue ethics (2004: 10).