 A different kind of response is to subsume EU maximization under a more general norm that also applies when utility is infinite. Bartha (2007, 2016) defines relative utility, which is a three-place relation that compares two outcomes or lotteries relative to a third “base point” that is worse than both. The relative utility of \(A\) to \(B\) with base-point \(Z\) (written \((A, B; Z)\)) will be: