 If the appropriate causation condition merely fails to be sufficient for remembering, an adequate theory of remembering might in principle be produced by supplementing it with additional conditions, producing a variant of the classical causal theory. If the condition fails to be necessary, however, the causal theory will have to be rejected outright, and, while challenges to the sufficiency of the condition have been more popular, the necessity of the condition has also been challenged. Such challenges are motivated by a tension between the causal theory and the constructive character of remembering. The classical version of the causal theory treats the content of a retrieved memory representation as deriving entirely from the subject’s original experience of the remembered event. Causal theorists do not require that the content of a retrieved representation exactly match that of the corresponding experience. In particular, they do not require that the retrieved representation inherit all of the content of the experience. But most do require that the retrieved representation not incorporate content not included in the original experience. Research on constructive memory, however, demonstrates that the content of the retrieved representation routinely differs from that of the experience not only in that it does not include some information that the latter does include but also in that it does include some information that the latter does not include. For example, in cases of boundary extension, the subject sees part of a scene but remembers portions of it that were beyond his field of view (Hubbard, Hutchison, &amp; Courtney 2010). In general, remembering is not a reproductive but a reconstructive process, in which components of previous experiences are extracted and recombined in a flexible manner, often resulting in representations that include content not included in the corresponding experiences (Schacter &amp; Addis 2007).