 Valla also criticizes Aristotle’s natural philosophy because, according to him, it detracts from God’s power. In strongly polemical terms, he attacks Aristotle for his “polytheistic” ideas and for what Valla sees as his equation of God with nature (Repastinatio, 1:54–59; DD 1:94–103). Valla wants to reinstate God as the sole creator of heaven and earth. To think of the cosmos in terms of a living animal or the heavens in terms of celestial orbs moved by intelligences is anathema to Valla (as it was to many medieval scholastics as well). The notion of God as First Mover is also rejected, since movement and rest are terms which should not be applied (except perhaps metaphorically) to spiritual beings such as God, angels, and souls.