 We might think that one’s state of meaning something by an expression is not the sort of thing that one can interpret (thus denying (ii)), or that whether something can be interpreted in more than one way is irrelevant for the question of whether it can guide (thus denying (iii)). But neither of these options entitles us to reject (i); the non-reductionist still owes us an account of what it is to be guided by a rule (or by one’s understanding of an expression).