 (for some specific time t).  However, a difficulty with this strategy is encountered for quantification within intensional contexts, as in the sentence “John believes that every galaxy harbors some life-form.” While we can represent the (implausible) wide-scope reading “For every galaxy there is some life-form such that John believes that the galaxy harbors that life-form,” using the Holds strategy, we cannot readily represent the natural narrow-scope reading because FOL disallows variable-binding operators within functional terms (but see McCarthy 1990). An entirely different approach is to introduce “eventuality” arguments into all predicates, and to regard a predication as providing a fact about the actual world only if the eventuality corresponding to that predication has been asserted to “occur” (Hobbs 2003). The main practical impetus behind such approaches is to be able to exploit existing FOL inference techniques and technology. However, there is at present no reason to believe that any inferences that are easy in FOL are difficult in a meaning representation more nearly aligned with the structure of natural language; on the contrary, recent work in implementing natural logic (MacCartney &amp; Manning 2009) suggests that a large class of obvious inferences can be most readily implemented in syntactically analyzed natural language (modulo some adjustments)—a framework closer to Montagovian semantics than an FOL-based approach.