 The first sort of explanation for the lower participation of women reflects a tension between feminism and science that will be discussed in more detail in  section 2.1.  The suggestion is that science itself reveals (or will reveal) the innate differences between men and women/girls and boys that account for the ability to do science. This claim is countered by challenging the evidence in two ways: revealing biases in the research or noting that when differences in ability appear to be present they can equally well be ascribed to culture (societal influences) rather than nature.