 These versions of the motor theory should be distinguished from theories that regard attention and motor control as intimately linked, but that place no emphasis on the fact that the motor control processes that have been implicated in attention are processes that control the movement of sensory organs. In these theories (which are natural but not obligatory concomitants of the ‘selection-for-action’ views discussed in  section 2.5)  attention stands in an intimate relation to motor control more generally. One line of experimental evidence in support of such a general connection comes from work by Heiner Deubel and his collaborators, in which various changes to the way in which an object figures in action are shown to have an attention-indicating influence on the perceptual discrimination of stimuli that are presented on or near that object. In one striking example of this, Deubel and Schneider found that the way in which attention is allocated to the space around a 6.5cm wooden X shape depended on whether the subject was reaching with her left hand to grasp the shape by the top-left and bottom right arms, or reaching with her right hand to grasp the shape by the arms at its top-right and bottom left (Deubel &amp; Schneider, 2004). In each case attention was allocated not only to the shape, but to the to-be-gripped parts of it. (For other evidence of interactions between attention and action-targeting, see Tipper, Howard, and Houghton, 1998.)