  Influenced by dual process theories of mind, RIM (“Reflective-Impulsive Model”; Strack &amp; Deutsche 2004) and APE (“Associative-Propositional Evaluation”; Gawronski &amp; Bodenhausen 2006, 2011) suggest that implicit measures assess distinctive cognitive processes. The central distinction at the heart of both RIM and APE is between “associative” and “propositional” processes. Associative processes are said to underlie an impulsive system that functions according to classic associationist principles of similarity and contiguity. Implicit measures are thought of as assessing the momentary accessibility of elements or nodes of a network of associations. This network produces spontaneous evaluative responses to stimuli. Propositional processes, on the other hand, underlie a reflective system that validates the information provided by activated associations. Explicit measures are thought to capture this process of validation, which is said to operate according to agents’ syllogistic reasoning and judgments of logical consistency. In sum, the key distinction between associative and propositional processes according to RIM and APE is that propositional processing alone depends on an agent’s assessment of the truth of a given  representation.[8] APE in particular aims to explain the interactions between and mutual influences of associative and propositional processes in judgment and behavior.