 The aforementioned meta-science has unearthed a range of problems which give rise to the reproducibility crisis, and the open science movement has proposed or promoted various solutions—or reforms—for these problems. These reforms can be grouped into four categories: (a) methods and training, (b) reporting and dissemination, (c) peer review processes, and (d) evaluating new incentive structures (loosely following the categories used by Munafò et al. 2017 and Ioannidis et al. 2015). In subsections 4.1–4.4 below, we present a non-exhaustive list of initiatives in each of the above categories. These initiatives are reflections of various values and norms that are at the heart of the open science movement, and we discuss these values and norms in 4.5.