 In addition to the difference between realist and minimalist understandings of the explanandum, there is a difference between robust and formalist understandings. We will explain this distinction in  section 3.1.  The formalist view is a kind of deflationary view about normativity. It would sidestep our question, in effect. There is controversy about whether there is such a thing as robust normativity, but our question presupposes that there is such a thing and asks whether its nature can be given a naturalistic explanation. We will therefore set aside the formalist view after a brief discussion of it.