 While there are emotions common to humans and animals, the human estimative faculty also operates as a sensory reason, which qualifies its recognizing emotional intentions. Hope and fear with respect to not yet actualized future things, shame at wrong action, and wonder at unusual things presuppose conceptualization that animals lack. It is also human to express wonder by laughing and anxiety by weeping (De anima V.1, 69–76). Avicenna discusses emotions also in his Canon of Medicine, translated into Latin by Gerard of Cremona in the twelfth century. His medical approach to the cardiac and spiritual affects shows similarities to that of the Pantegni. See Knuuttila 2004.