 Calling pain an evil might raise eyebrows, since clearly some pain is beneficial: it protects us from collisions, diseases, and predators. But the idea is that, whatever instrumental uses it has, pain qua phenomenal quality—the feeling of it—is intrinsically bad (setting aside for these purposes tricky cases like that of the masochist who takes pleasure in experiencing pain). Pain in the horrendous amounts and kinds that we encounter in human history as well as in the “charnel house” of evolutionary history is sickeningly and obviously bad (Murray 2008; Martin &amp; Watkins 2019).