 Logical and computational approaches to the understanding of information both have their roots in the “linguistic turn” that characterized the philosophical research in the beginning of the twentieth century and the elementary research questions originate from the work of Frege (1879, 1892, see the entry on  logic and information).  The ambition to quantify information in sets of true sentences, as apparent in the work of researchers like Popper, Carnap, Solomonoff, Kolmogorov, Chaitin, Rissanen, Koppel, Schmidthuber, Li, Vitányi and Hutter is an inherently semantic research program. In fact, Shannon’s theory of information is the only modern approach that explicitly claims to be non-semantic. More recent quantitative information measures like Kolmogorov complexity (with its ambition to codify all scientific knowledge in terms of a universal distribution) and quantum information (with its concept of observation of physical systems) inherently assume a semantic component. At the same time it is possible to develop quantitative versions of semantic theories (see entry on  semantic conceptions of information).  