 After Quine (1948), quantificational idiom is the landmark of ontological commitment. We can thus press the point even more by noting that we make claims and construct arguments that appear to involve quantification over properties, with quantifiers reaching (i) over predicate positions, or even (ii) over both subject and predicate positions (Castañeda  1976).[2]  As regards (i), consider: this apple is red; this tomato is red; hence, there is something that this apple is and this tomato also is. As for (ii), consider: wisdom is more important than beauty; Mary is wise and Elisabeth is beautiful; hence, there is something that Mary is which is more important than something that Elisabeth is.