  So understood, (PI) is anything but toothless. It is often claimed, nowadays, that too few suspected wrongdoers are convicted of crimes, and that new criminal laws are needed to help secure more convictions. On the revised view, legislators can create as many criminal laws as they want in pursuit of this objective. But no-one who pleads not guilty may be convicted under them without proof that they are the wrongdoers they are suspected of being. That it provides anyone who faces criminal charges with this kind of protection against the law, is what makes the case for the revised (PI).