 In contrast, Lemeire (2018) argues that a purely epistemic approach to natural kinds is misguided. The epistemic approach rests on the assumption that for kind categories to be epistemically fruitful, they have to get something right about the world. However, epistemic success is constrained by deference to the world not only in cases of natural kind classification, but also in cases of conventional and pragmatic classification, where the product of kinding is not considered to be a natural kind. For this reason, Lemiere argues that a purely epistemic approach fails to give us a principled way of distinguishing between the natural kinds and their conventional counterparts. A metaphysical account of which features individuals require to be considered as natural kinds is required to lead our categorization practices. An epistemic approach alone cannot provide a principled way of doing this.