 However, this does not mean that living organisms or populations of organisms cannot be used as models. Levy and Currie accept that certain model systems in experimental ecology and experimental evolution are scientific models that are akin to the Lotka-Volterra model. A case in point are Thomas Park’s (1948) famous competition experiments using the flour beetle Tribolium. What characterizes such experimental models, in contrast to model organisms, is that they can be used to represent generalized biologically phenomena (e.g., interspecific competition in Park’s case) that can be applied to radically different and taxonomically unrelated target systems (see also Weber 2014).