 Schaffer (2016) proposes we model grounding “in the image of causation” along counterfactual lines (see A. Wilson 2018, who offers a similar model). More precisely, he suggests we understand grounding via so-called structural equation models. These are models which can be characterized using a structure (introduced by Halpern 2000) featuring a set of exogenous (independent) variables, a set of endogenous (dependent) variables, a set of (incompatible) values representing contrasts (such that there is a function mapping every variable to an at least two-membered set of values), a set of structural equations (telling us how each endogenous variable is to be evaluated on the basis of the values of other variables), and some assignment of values to each exogenous variable. Schaffer thinks this formalism is excellent for modeling directed dependency relations generally, and so is equally fitting for modeling both causal and metaphysical dependencies. All that needs adjusting when we move from causation to grounding is some of our background understanding of surrounding notions.