 A second possible account sees our personal relationships as the source of partiality’s justification. Kolodny (2003) argues that personal relationships bear “final value” and that this grounds special obligations toward those people to whom we are related. Similarly, Scheffler (2004), argues that valuing a relationship non-instrumentally necessarily involves seeing it as giving rise to certain reasons that will be partial in nature. A variation on this sort of view agrees that relationships are significant but suggests that we should view reasons, rather than value, as fundamental. On such views our reasons for giving preferential treatment to those to whom we are related are not grounded in the value of those relationships and indeed need not be reduced to or grounded in anything else at all; they carry inherent and irreducible normative significance. Views of this sort are put forward by Scanlon (1998) and Jeske (2008).