However, acceptance of a rule can have consequences other than compliance with the rule. As Kagan (2000: 139) writes, “once embedded, rules can have an impact on results that is independent of their impact on acts: it might be, say, that merely thinking about a set of rules reassures people, and so contributes to happiness.” (For more on what we might call these ‘beyond-compliance consequences’ of rules, see Sidgwick 1907: 405–6, 413; Lyons 1965: 140; Williams 1973: 119–20, 122, 129–30; Adams 1976, esp. 470; Scanlon 1998: 203–4; Kagan 1998: 227–34.)