 David Estlund (2008, pp. 117–58) has recently offered a new twist on consent theory. Most theorists maintain that putative acts of consent are void if it would be wrong to consent to another’s authority. For example, consent to be another’s slave generates no obligation even if it genuinely expresses a person’s will. Estlund argues on grounds of symmetry that we ought to draw the same conclusion in cases where it would be wrong not to consent to another’s authority. Such failures are void, and so a person who morally ought to have consented to another’s authority has a duty to obey her. If subjects of a given state ought to consent to obey its laws, say because the state performs morally necessary tasks, then their failure to do so is void and no barrier to concluding that they are under a political obligation to that state. Estlund’s defense of what he labels normative consent is subtle and sophisticated. Still, one might wonder whether in cases where non-consent is void the duty to submit to another’s authority follows directly from the considerations in virtue of which it is wrong for someone not to consent (see Sreenivasan 2009). It is also unclear whether there is enough of a connection between the agent’s will and her coming to be subject to another’s authority to warrant classifying Estlund’s account as an example of consent theory (for responses to both concerns, see Estlund 2008, pp. 127–131; 2009).