 Given that speaker meaning is a matter of speaker intention, it follows that speaker implicatures can be recognized or predicted by the methods we use to infer intentions from behavior, including abduction, analogy, and testimony. In example  (2),  Carla may suspect that Don means the weather is bad because irony is a common linguistic device  (§4),  and Don has been ironic in similar situations before. Don’s intonation may be a clue. On the other hand, if Don rarely speaks figuratively when reporting in, Carla may infer that he meant what he  said.[74]