 The view that definite plurals and mass NPs and bare plurals and mass nouns stand for unrestricted sums or kinds is not uncontroversial. An alternative view that has been pursued for definite plurals is that of plural reference, the view according to which the definite plural the stones refers to each stone at once, rather than referring to a single plurality (Yi 2005; 2006; McKay 2006; Oliver &amp; Smiley 2013; entry on  plural quantification).  There are various motivations for plural reference. One of them is the intuition that a sentence such as  (3b)  is about the stones, not a distinct object that is the sum of stones. Another motivation is the applicability of many and numerals like ten to plurals (the stones are many / ten), but not sums (?? the group / sum of the stones is many / ten). Plural reference is also motivated by the way the predicates are some of and is one of are understood. If Genie is the name for the sum of Russell and Whitehead, only  (6a)  will be true, not  (6b)  (Yi 2005: 472):