 Bacon, Francis |  Bayes’ Theorem |  constructive empiricism |  Duhem, Pierre |  empiricism: logical |  epistemology: Bayesian |  feminist philosophy, topics: perspectives on science |  incommensurability: of scientific theories |  Locke, John |  measurement: in science |  models in science |  physics: experiment in |  science: and pseudo-science |  scientific objectivity |  scientific research and big data |  statistics, philosophy of 