 Adler and Koepke 2009 (an excellent collection of articles covering a wide range of topics); Beiser 1987 (ch. 5 covers several subject helpfully, including Herder’s philosophies of language, mind, and religion); Berlin 1976 (concise and excellent); Clark 1955 (detailed and useful, though unimaginative); Forster 2018 (covers the subjects treated in this article in more detail); Gillies 1945 (not philosophically sophisticated, but good on Herder’s relation to literature and on his influence); Greif, Heinz, and Clairmont 2016 (a useful reference work); Haym 1880 (a classic, detailed intellectual biography; still the best general book on Herder available); Heise 1998 (a good short introduction); Irmscher 2001 (an excellent short introduction); Nisbet 1970 (a helpful general account of Herder’s views about science); Sauder 1987 (contains helpful contributions on a wide range of topics); Wiese 1939 (a helpful overview).