 The next notion is exemplification: an object \(X\) exemplifies a property \(P\) iff \(X\) instantiates \(P\) and thereby refers back to \(P\) (Goodman 1976: 53). In the current context properties are to be understood in the widest possible sense. An item can exemplify one-place properties, multi-place properties (i.e., relations), higher order properties, structural properties, etc. Paradigmatic examples of this are samples. A chip of paint on a manufacturer’s sample card instantiates a certain colour and at the same time refers to that colour (Elgin 1983: 71). Notice that instantiation is necessary but insufficient for exemplification: the sample card does not exemplify being rectangular for example. When a object exemplifies a property it provides us with epistemic access to that property.