 Why do philosophers need to appeal to serious history of science? From the beginning, Friedman has answered this question by insisting on the importance of the history of science to locate the emergence of philosophical ideas in their historical scientific context and vice versa—thus to understand the interaction between what is commonly called scientific work and philosophical work (Domski &amp; Dickson 2010: 4). For example, Newton’s mechanical system of the world was shaped by philosophical and theological interests that Newton and his contemporaries considered directly relevant (internal not external), as well as socio-political interests. And likewise for Kant and Poincaré and Einstein and many other thinkers, great and small. To the degree that we retain an internal/external distinction, it is historically relative. Unlike most other historical philosophers, Friedman furnishes the intricate technical and contextual detail to support such claims.