 The birth of the Tibetan epistemological tradition (Tib. tshad ma) follows the reception in Tibet of a corpus of Indian Buddhist works focusing on the topic of “reliable cognition” (Skt. pramāṇa, Tib. tshad ma), principally works by Dharmakīrti and his commentators. If Tibetan epistemology developed to a large extent in the framework of a commentarial tradition, this did not prevent it from evolving into an autochthonous system with its specific terminology and formal features as well as addressing new topics that add to the themes inherited from the Indian tradition. The present entry focuses on questions linked with the theory of knowledge and the philosophy of language, but the scope of Tibetan epistemological works, like that of Indian epistemological treatises, extends also to the domain of logic and argumentation, metaphysics, religion, and ethics.