 Bureaucrats and their expert advisors experience mistakes not as events from which they need to learn but rather as events that they need to cover up. Their mistakes are with other people’s money, so bureaucrats learn to say with a straight face, when confronted, that their budget was not large enough, or that things would have been worse without their  policies.[1]  They may even believe what they are saying, but they do not know and have every incentive to avoid learning.