 A final response casts doubt on the examples. When we recall the ‘openness’ of the progressive, we can insist that Davidson’s carbon-copier knows that he is making ten copies, even if he is not sure the copies are going through first time (see Thompson 2011; Wolfson 2012). It is not a condition of being embarked on intentional action that one will in fact succeed. The same might be said when I am clenching my first, if what I know is merely that I am in progress towards doing so, in some liminal way. (This points back to the theory of intending as doing, discussed in section 1.) This strategy struggles with prospective intention and the belief that I am going to act. But its advocates may insist that the content of prospective intention is also imperfective (Thompson 2008, pp. 142–5). We have practical knowledge only of what is in progress, not what has happened, or what will.