 This framing is reflected also in the 2019 review, “The Economic Value of Biodiversity”, by Hanley and Perrings. It focuses on ecosystem services, and does not mention the investment value of biodiversity-as-variety. Similarly, in the Encyclopedia of Biodiversity chapter on “Sustainability and Biodiversity” (Cavender-Bares et al. 2013: 73), the value of biodiversity is based on its relationship to ecosystem functions, and their value of in terms of human well-being. Thus, the ecosystems framing tends to focus on within-ecosystem values and tends to ignore global values including option value.