 She believes she has found a new approach that shows the Sudetenland boy’s choice to be rational, and that it would be rational for any similarly situated human agent to make that choice. This constitutes a second reversal of her view on this subject. In her late period, she believes that she erred in her middle period by embracing a mistaken view of reasons for action. Her middle period view falls into a category of instrumentalist theories of reasons for action. On such views, genuine reasons for action advance the fulfillment of our desires or our interests. Foot came to think that these views are open to a serious objection that was pointed out by Warren Quinn, who argues that on such instrumentalist conceptions of reasons for action we can be rationally shameless. These views tell us that an agent is rational when she acts on reasons that maximize the fulfillment of her preferences or interests, and it bids us to do that without regard to their content. The consequence of this view is that those with nasty preferences are advised by such views of practical rationality to maximize the fulfillment of those preferences (Quinn 1994: 216). This sits awkwardly with the idea that rationality is something that is supposed to guide our action.