 Philosophers of science have highlighted that scientific studies are also value-laden, insofar as scientists’ values shape how they do their science and the data that it ultimately delivers. This is also evident in the study of animal cognition. Values shape the choice of capacities to study. For example, during the twentieth century, a great deal of effort went into attempting to teach various forms of linguistic communication to great apes, an endeavor that stems from the value that humans place on language. Values also shape the methods that scientists use. Experimental evidence coming from labs is often considered more valuable than observational evidence coming from field studies, because the increase in ability to control the different variables that can affect an animal’s performance is thought to compensate for the loss of ecological validity that comes with the highly artificial experimental settings. Values also shape how scientists interpret the results of their studies. The data that an empirical study delivers is useless without an interpretation, and this interpretation cannot be fully disentangled from the values upheld by scientists. This is because scientists have to choose which statistical methods to apply, which theories to accept, and what narrative they follow when writing up the results in a scientific paper.