 As Brentano characterized philosophy as including all the disciplines which involve descriptive psychology, Marty did the same as the rector of the University of Prague in his inaugural address in 1897 (Marty, [eds.] Eisenmeier et al., 69–93). On this view, philosophy encompasses at least three practical disciplines, namely logic (concerned with what judgments should be made), aesthetics (concerned with what ideas or, as we shall say, presentations we should have), and ethics (concerned with what to love and what to hate). As regards the theoretical branches of philosophy, Brentano and Marty considered them to be descriptive psychology itself and also metaphysics. While it may seem unacceptable to characterize metaphysics as involving psychological concepts, Marty says: