 This account of treating others merely as means does not seem to coincide with Kant’s notion of doing so. Recall Kant’s example of making a false promise to another for financial gain. Suppose that a particular false promiser would not do just anything to the other for gain for himself, for example, he would not murder the other’s family. According to Kant’s notion, but not to this account, the false promisor would be treating the other merely as a  means.[11]