 Although this turn towards subjectivism and sensualism represented a major innovation in aesthetics, Descartes was still a dominant influence on French thought of the eighteenth century, and his philosophy was applied to theories of beauty, even though he wrote little on the topic. Scholars such as Crousaz and André proposed objective measures of beauty, as Descartes did with truth, that could be applied to any object. This standard would ideally transcend the vicissitudes of fashion, personal biases, or cultural differences.