 Relatedly, Deflationists maintain to a group’s testimony that p can be reduced to some individual’s testimony that p (regardless of whether those individuals are members of the group, or just mere spokesmen), whereas Inflationists maintain that a group itself can be a testifier. (See Tollefsen (2007) for a defense of the latter, and see Lackey’s (2014) for a deflationary account of the epistemology of group testimony and her (2018a) for an inflationary account of the nature of group assertion).