 There are a wide variety of theories of the token causal relation—theories of what it takes for one event, fact, or what-have-you to be a token cause of another. This entry won’t attempt to survey the available options. The interested reader should consult the entries on  counterfactual theories of causation,  causation and manipulability,  probabilistic causation,  regularity theories of causation,  dispositions,  and  mechanisms in science.  Process theories of causation are discussed in the entries on  causation in physics  and  Wesley Salmon  (see also Dowe 1997 [2008]). Instead, this entry will survey some of the most philosophically interesting and persistently troublesome instances of token causation, and discuss what these instances might teach us about the token causal relation.