 The extension of ersatzism from possible to impossible worlds appears to be particularly straightforward for linguistic ersatzism. On this approach, possible worlds are world-books: sets of sentences of a special “worldmaking” language. (Carnap’s (1947) state-descriptions and Jeffrey’s (1983) complete consistent novels are examples of this strategy.) It is easy to admit impossible worlds of the same kind, that is, world-books which are locally inconsistent or incomplete, which fail to comply with some logical law or to be closed under some notion or other of logical consequence.