 It is possible to hold (a) and (b); but it is also possible to hold (b) and not (a) if one thinks that there are inorganic parts within the organic whole. Organicists are not necessarily panpsychists because they might hold that there are living creatures who are not conscious; panpsychists are organicists at least in sense (b) but not necessarily in sense (a). Fechner was an organicist in sense (b) but not (a) because he held that there is such a thing as inorganic nature (Fechner 1879: 37). 