 When we say of a subjective idea or a judgment that it “grasps” an idea or proposition, respectively, the word ‘grasp’ is used in a more restrictive sense than before, where it was a thinking being or its mind of which it was said that it “grasps” an idea or proposition. This stricter relation of “grasping”, holding between subjective ideas and ideas, and between judgments and propositions is fundamental for Bolzano’s epistemology. Instead of saying in this sense ‘\(p\) grasps \(o\)’, Bolzano will synonymously also use the phrase ‘\(o\) is the “material” (Stoff) of \(p\)’. Both formulations, however, are — as Bolzano emphasizes — to be understood merely metaphorically (Bolzano 1935, 84 f.). The corresponding relation is introduced as a primitive concept in Bolzano’s epistemology. Let us use the symbol ‘\(\mathbf{G}\)’ for this relation, whereby ‘\(p \mathbf{G} o\)’ is to be read as ‘\(p\) grasps \(o\)’ or, alternatively, ‘\(o\) is the “material” of \(p\)’.