 A somewhat more moderate version of this behaviour-centred approach was taken by Alexander Bain, who identified attention, not with its behavioural manifestations themselves, but with truncated versions of the motor-control processes that typically bring about those behavioural manifestations: processes ‘stopping short of the actual movement performed by the organ’ (Bain, 1888, 371). Much as Ribot’s view can be seen as an early version of behaviourism, Bain’s view can be seen as an early version of the motor-based approaches to attention that can be found in the literature of the present century (see  Section 2.8  below).