 Finally, Marsilius’s understanding of per se predication provides a similar picture. His point of departure again is Buridan. Yet, he includes some remarkable new elements. For example, he defines per se predication not as a necessary predication, as Buridan and most contemporary authors do, but as a predication which excludes any contingency. Thus per se predication covers both necessary propositions like ‘Man is a living being’ and impossible ones such as ‘Man is a donkey’. Also, he widens the realm of per se predications by allowing not only the traditional categorical affirmative per se predication, but also hypothetical and negative ones, like ‘If there are humans, all humans are living beings, and ‘Man is not a donkey’. Here, his probable sources of inspiration were William of Ockham and Albert of  Saxony.[17]