 Eighth-century Muʿtazilite theologians made an important exception to this general account: they claimed that human beings have the power to produce their own actions, whether these are thoughts, volitions or bodily movements. They saw this position as required by divine justice (Wolfson 1976; Frank 1982, 1983, 1985; Vasalou 2008). Suppose, for example, that I intentionally strike you and that, as a result, you fall into a coma. According to the ontology just described, this event involves the coming into being of several accidents, including my choice (ikhtiyār) to strike you, my bodily motion of striking, and your falling into a coma. According to the Muʿtazilites, I must be the source of these accidents; if I were not, divine reward or punishment of me on the basis of my actions would be unjust.