 That-demonstrations are also divided into two types, depending on whether the context is one in which there is (iii) a causal relation between subject and predicate or (iv) not. Case (iii) is the most common type of that-demonstration, which typically obtains when the middle term (in the first figure) is the effect of the existence of the major instead of being its cause (the opposite of type-(ii) why-demonstration). Case (iv) is a peculiar kind of that-demonstration which Avicenna includes to account for immediate predications where an attribute directly follows, without mediation, from something’s essence, which is the only case in which a that-demonstration may be associated with certainty; or for cases where two attributes that are both effects of a cause are used to prove one another of a subject (Strobino 2016a, forthcoming).