 Among the conditions associated with motion, time (Gk. chronos, Ar. zamān) is at least as important as that of place and void, for it is a necessary concomitant of motion. (A number of studies on various aspects of Avicenna’s temporal theory exist and include Shayegan 1986; McGinnis 1999; Mayer 2007; and Lammer 2018, ch. 6.) In order to appreciate time’s relation to motion, there is a more basic question that must be answered first: Does time exist? An affirmative answer will seem obvious to many, but Aristotle at Physics, 4.10 had offered a series of objections, four in all, that cast doubt on the reality of time. Moreover, in his own positive account of what time is, Aristotle does not address all of the objections or even provide a general proof that time must exist in light of the objections. One may then criticize Aristotle’s account of time in light of his own theory of science: Aristotle has proceeded to a theory of what time is before providing us with a proof that time  is.[11] 