 Another early critic, Edna Shearer (1935a), thought that Dewey buried art under extraneous ethical and political considerations. She rejected the idea that all life ought to be like art in combining the consummatory and the instrumental. Dewey’s desire to overcome the means/ends distinction is also problematic since a work of art does not seriously contain as ingredients the process that led to its production. The perfect amalgamation of means and ends is utopian. Further, toil just cannot be eliminated from society or from the creative process.