 It has therefore been argued that rational or laundered or informed preferences should provide the basis for policy decisions (e.g., Thaler &amp; Sunstein 2008, Anomaly 2015). But it is not clear that we can straightforwardly assess what citizens would prefer if they were fully rational and informed. There is always the danger that whoever makes that assessment substitutes his or her preferences for the citizens’ or that his or her preferences influence the judgement about what the citizens’ preferences might be (Rizzo &amp; Whitman 2008, 2009).