 But there is a more serious counterexample to this criterion, namely, immanent universals. These are purportedly concrete objects, for they are universals wholly present where their instances are. But this criterion renders them abstract. Take the color scarlet; it is a universal wholly present in every scarlet thing. Each of the scarlets in those things is an immanent universal. These are non-duplicable, but at least according to Armstrong (1978, I, 77, though see 1989, 98–99), they are paradigmatically concrete: spatiotemporally located, causally efficacious, etc. Despite how promising they initially seemed, the criteria of discernibility and non-duplicability do not appear to capture the abstract/concrete distinction.