 For M-naturalists, “continuity with” the sciences includes, in the first instance, the Quinean repudiation of a “first philosophy”—that is, philosophical inquiry that proceeds entirely a priori and without the benefit of empirical evidence. (Most M-naturalists do not go as far as Quine, however, in repudiating any role for a priori conceptual analysis: see, e.g., Goldman 1986 for a more typical M-naturalist approach.) Beyond hostility to methods that are exclusively a priori, M-naturalists require continuity with the sciences in two more precise senses, which we may call “Results Continuity” and “Methods Continuity.”