 Because of recent development the connections between Information-B (Shannon) and Information-C (Kolmogorov) are reasonably well understood (Cover &amp; Thomas 2006). The historical material presented in this article suggests that reflection on Information-A (logic, knowledge) is historically much more interwoven than was generally known up till now. The research program of logical positivism can with hindsight be characterized as the attempt to marry a possible worlds interpretation of logic with probabilistic reasoning (Carnap 1945, 1950; Popper 1934; for a recent approach see Hutter et al. 2013). Modern attempt to design a Bayesian epistemology (Bovens &amp; Hartmann 2003) do not seem to be aware of the work done in the first half of the twentieth century. However, an attempt to unify Information-A and Information-B seems a viable exercise. Also the connection between thermodynamics and information theory have become much closer, amongst others, due to the work of Gell-Mann &amp; Lloyd (2003) (see also: Bais and Farmer 2008). Verlinde (2011, 2017) even presented a reduction of gravity to information (see the entry on  information processing and thermodynamic entropy).  