Rarity. Perhaps the most widely used response by defenders of Aristotelian virtue ethics, the rarity response just denies that any reasonable form of the view is committed to the empirical claim that most people have the virtues.  Instead, virtue ethics could be true as a normative theory while as a matter of contingent fact people in a given society are doing a poor job of acquiring the virtues (for a few references among many, see DePaul 1999: 150–153; Miller 2003; Kamtekar 2004: 466; Wielenberg 2006: 490; Russell 2009: 170; for criticism of the response, see Annas 2003 (see Other Internet Resources), 2011: 173; Russell 2009: 284).