 Like intransitive preferences, vague goals or projects can prompt dynamic choice problems even if the agent’s preference structure is not changing over time. Indeed, some have suggested that the deep source of the self-torturer’s problem, and what prompts his intransitive preferences, is that his goal of avoiding extreme pain is vague in the sense that, in the situation described, avoiding extreme pain requires engaging in a multitude of goal-directed actions that are not individually necessary or sufficient for the achievement of the goal and that are thus dispensable and perhaps even dominated if considered individually (Tenenbaum and Raffman, 2012). It may be helpful to consider a more familiar example of a vague goal or project, such as that of writing a good book. As Sergio Tenenbaum and Diana Raffman explain, this project may be characterizable as follows (2012, 99–100):