 During his New School years, Strauss also delved more deeply into ancient philosophy to explore the themes of persecution and writing. Strauss’s fourth book, On Tyranny: An Interpretation of Xenophon’s “Hiero,” was published in 1948. Whereas the dominant reading of Plato’s Republic understands Plato to be advocating that philosophers should rule, Strauss argues that Plato actually viewed such a situation as untenable since it would require the consent of non-philosophers, the unwise.  On Tyranny concerns itself with what Strauss claims is the necessary condition for the rule of the wise which is that only the wise alone can secure justice for the city (OT, 193).  In this study, Strauss offers a close reading of the rhetoric of Xenophon’s dialogue, which highlights, for Strauss, the tension between the philosophical quest for truth and the requirements of society.