 This version of the units of selection question amounts to a combination of the beneficiary question plus the manifestor-of-adaptation question. There is little evidence that they are answering the predominant interactor question; rather, the argument is that people who focus on interactors are laboring under a misunderstanding of evolutionary theory (Dawkins 1976, 1982a,b). One reason for thinking this might be that the opponents are taken to be those who hold a combination of the interactor plus manifestor-of-adaptations definition of a unit of selection (e.g., Wynne-Edwards). Unfortunately, leading genic selectionists ignore those who are pursuing the interactor question alone; these researchers are not vulnerable to the criticisms posed against the combined interactor-adaptation view (Dawkins 1982a,b; Williams 1966). Some insist that the early genic selectionists have misunderstood evolutionary selection, an argument that is based upon interpreting the units of selection controversy as a debate about interactors (Gould 1977; Istvan 2013); however, because the early genic selectionists say that the debate concerns the units of the ultimate beneficiary, they are arguing past one another (Istvan 2013).  Section 3.4, Genic Selection: The Pluralists,  addresses those who interpret themselves as arguing against the interactor question itself.