 Recapitulating, dynamic epistemic logics deal with modal operators for model operations, thus allowing the explicit representation of actions and the way they affect the concept under study. The particular relationship between the ‘static’ concept and the ‘dynamic’ action can be described by bridge principles that arise naturally, and yet this does not come with an additional cost, as the model-operation and dynamic-modality machinery can be embedded into the static base logic. This has important repercussions, particularly complexity-wise, as will be discussed in  section 3.4.