 Most competent English speakers who know the meanings of all the constituent words would find an obvious difference between the two sets: whereas they might wonder about the truth or falsity of those of set I, they would find themselves pretty quickly incapable of doubting those of II. Unlike the former, these latter seem to be justifiable automatically, “just by knowing what the words mean,” as many might spontaneously put it. Indeed, denials of any of them, e.g.,