 Suppose this case against C is convincing. The above argument is valid, so either P1 or P2 must be rejected. P1, however, is supported by a venerable line of reasoning, which goes roughly as follows: Supposing that God foreknew Kurt’s action, if Kurt had the power to refrain from stealing John’s lunch, he would thereby have the power to change what God knew a billion years ago. But Kurt has no such power, as the past is fixed. If this argument for P1 is sound, then P2 is the culprit. But P2 is entailed by PAP, so PAP is false as well.