  Researchers working on moral responsibility for implicit bias often make two key distinctions. First, they distinguish responsibility for attitudes from responsibility for judgments and behavior. One can, that is, ask whether agents are responsible for their putative (§2) implicit attitudes as such, or whether agents are responsible for the effects of their implicit attitudes on their judgments and behavior. Most have focused on the latter question, as will I. A second important distinction is between being responsible and holding responsible. This distinction can be glossed in a number of different but related ways. It can be glossed as a distinction between blameworthiness and actual expressions of blame; between backward- and forward-looking responsibility (i.e., responsibility for things one has done in the past versus responsibility for doing certain things in the future); and between responsibility as a form of judgment versus responsibility as a form of sanction. Most have focused on the former of these disjuncts (being responsible, blameworthiness, etc.) via three kinds of approaches: arguments from the importance of awareness or knowledge of one’s implicit biases  (§4.1.1); arguments from the importance of control over the impact of one’s implicit biases on one’s judgment and behavior  (§4.1.2); and arguments from “attributionist” and “Deep Self” considerations  (§4.1.3; see Holroyd et al. 2017 for a more in-depth review of theories of moral responsibility and implicit bias).