 It is far from clear then, that transworld identity and the rigidity that depends on it come attached to substantive essentialism of a sort that settles salient disputes in philosophy about which of your properties are essential to you. Closely related to the issue of substantive essences is the issue of substantive criteria, perhaps qualitative criteria. Such concerns, as developed in a metaphysical direction, will be addressed in connection with counterpart theory and transworld identity; here let us move in an epistemological direction in order to address concerns about what we might call transworld “identification.” 