 The argument from fine-tuning for design as reviewed in  Section 3.1  treats the fact that life requires fine-tuned conditions as background knowledge and assesses the evidential significance of the observation that life-friendly conditions obtain against that background. An alternative argument from fine-tuning for design, explored by John Roberts (2012) and independently investigated and endorsed by Roger White (2011) in a reply to Weisberg (2010), treats our knowledge that the conditions are right for life as background information and assesses the rational impact of physicists’ insight that life requires fine-tuned conditions against this background. An advantage of this alternative is that it fits better with our actual epistemic situation: that the conditions are right for life is something we have known for a long time; our actual new evidence is that the laws of physics—as White (2011) and Weisberg (2012) put it—are stringent rather than lax in the constraints that they impose on the constants and boundary conditions if there is to be life.