 Discussions of justice and health inequality often focus on inequalities among members of the same polity. However, scholars have also addressed the justice of international health disparities, which, depending on the countries of comparison, can be drastic. As we note above, life expectancy in low-income countries in 2016 was 62.7 years, compared to 80.8 years in high-income countries, a gap of 18.1 years (WHO 2020). These disparities are no doubt driven by the wide income differences among these countries, and so questions regarding their justice are tightly connected to questions of global distributive justice (see entries on  international distributive justice  and  global justice).  However, global health inequalities are also driven by war, climate change, healthcare worker migration, and the funding decisions of sponsors of medical research, among other factors. Positions regarding the justice of global health disparities may therefore have far-reaching implications for a diverse set of policy spheres.