 Without getting too lost in the technical criteria, biomedicine shares the Kuhnian paradigm quality of being incommensurable (or at least more or less so) with other conceptions of biology and health. Scholars of complementary medicine have spent enormous effort searching for ways that traditional medical practices—e.g., herbal treatments handed down over generations—can get a foothold in a medical world dominated by biomedicine. It is telling that there is no question that ‘proof’ of a treatment’s efficacy requires starting from scratch, by examining the herb’s chemical makeup, isolating and analyzing which chemical components are the active ingredients, and then testing safety and efficacy, all entirely within biomedicine’s rules. Whatever explanations might have been offered by herbalists (e.g., ‘it calms turmoil in the stomach’) are irrelevant untranslatable knowledge. Biomedicine also shares the Lakatosian Research Programme quality of (largely implicitly) dictating what sorts of internal dispute about biomedicine is permissible. Within the biomedical Research Programme, one is invited to question whether a particular experimental design is suitable; one is not permitted to reject experimentation entirely.