 Other issues are raised by informal logic’s recognition that real life arguments frequently employ visual images, non-verbal sounds, and other non-verbal elements, challenging the traditional assumption that arguments are sets of sentences -- or the propositions (“the bearers of truth value”) that sentences refer to. However one understands visual and multimodal arguments, there is no easy way to reduce them to sets of sentences, for there is no precise way to translate what we see, hear, experience, etc. into words. 