 In the late 1960s, Michael Polanyi and Marjorie Grene organized a series of conferences funded by the Ford Foundation on unity of science themes (Grene 1969a, 1969b, 1971). Their general character was interdisciplinary and anti-reductionist. The group was originally called “Study Group on Foundations of Cultural Unity,” but this was later changed to “Study Group on the Unity of Knowledge.” By then, a number of American and international institutions were already promoting interdisciplinary projects in academic areas (Klein 1990). For both Neurath and Polanyi the organization of knowledge and science, the Republic of Science, was inseparable from ideals of political organization.