 Finally, an elegant example of apparent violation of determinism in classical physics has been created by John Norton (2003). As illustrated in  Figure 4,  imagine a ball sitting at the apex of a frictionless dome whose equation is specified as a function of radial distance from the apex point. This rest-state is our initial condition for the system; what should its future behavior be? Clearly one solution is for the ball to remain at rest at the apex indefinitely. 