 Music is also related to social change in the thought of the unorthodox Marxist philosophy of Ernst Bloch (1885–1977). The concepts of utopia and hope are fundamental to his view, which finds its chief expression in The Spirit of Utopia (1918) and in The Principle of Hope (1954). “Utopia” refers to a potential future state to which humanity aspires, whereas hope is the process of striving toward that utopic state. Art creates visions of alternative realities which, far from being mere illusions or distractions, have utopian potential.