 Theories of meaning that turn on modes of presentation have been common in philosophy in one way or another since Frege’s Sense and Reference. The story is as follows. There must be more to the meaning of a referring term than its referent, since terms can co-refer. For example, James Newell Osterberg Jr. and Iggy Pop both refer to the same individual. In spite of this the intuition that they do not mean the same thing is strong. “Iggy Pop is Iggy Pop” and “Iggy Pop is James Newell Osterberg Jr.” do not seem to mean the same thing. Similarly, it seems to be the case that “Alice believes that Iggy Pop was the singer in The Stooges” might true, whilst “Alice believes that James Newell Osterberg Jr. was the singer in The Stooges” might be false, at least on one natural reading that is in line with our intuitions with regard to meanings.