 Operationalism met with initial enthusiasm by logical positivists, who viewed it as akin to verificationism. Nonetheless, it was soon revealed that any attempt to base a theory of meaning on operationalist principles was riddled with problems. Among such problems were the automatic reliability operationalism conferred on measurement operations, the ambiguities surrounding the notion of operation, the overly restrictive operational criterion of meaningfulness, and the fact that many useful theoretical concepts lack clear operational definitions (Chang  2009).[10]  In particular, Carl Hempel (1956, 1966) criticized operationalists for being unable to define dispositional terms such as “solubility in water”, and for multiplying the number of scientific concepts in a manner that runs against the need for systematic and simple theories. Accordingly, most writers on the semantics of quantity-terms have avoided espousing an operational  analysis.[11]