 Leibniz’s argument seems to be this: the visitor of the machine, upon entering it, would observe nothing but the properties of the parts and the relations they bear to one another. But no explanation of perception or consciousness can possibly be deduced from this conglomerate. No matter how complex the inner workings of this machine, nothing about them reveals that what is being observed are the inner workings of a conscious being. Hence, materialism must be false, for there is no possible way that the purely mechanical principles of materialism can account for the phenomena of consciousness. (For detailed discussion of this argument, see Lodge and Bobro 1998; Lodge 2014.)