  The development of logic from c. 100 BCE to c. 250 CE remains mostly in the dark, but there can be no doubt that logic was one of the topics regularly studied and researched. At some point Peripatetics and Stoics began taking notice of each other’s logical systems, and we witness some conflation of both terminologies and theories. Aristotelian syllogistic became known as ‘categorical syllogistic’ and the Peripatetic adaptation of Stoic syllogistic as ‘hypothetical syllogistic’. In the 2nd century CE, Galen attempted to synthesize the two traditions; he also professed to have introduced a third kind of syllogism, the ‘relational syllogism’, which apparently was meant to help formalize mathematical reasoning. The attempt of some Middle Platonists (1st c. BCE–2nd c. CE) to claim a specifically Platonic logic failed, and in its stead, the Neo-Platonists (3rd–6th c. CE) adopted a scholasticized version of Aristotelian logic as their own. In the monumental—if rarely creative—volumes of the Greek commentators on Aristotle’s logical works we find elements of Stoic and later Peripatetic logic as well as Platonism, and ancient mathematics and rhetoric. Much the same holds for the Latin logical writings by Apuleius (2nd c. CE) and Boethius (6th c. CE), which pave the way for Aristotelian logic, thus supplemented, to enter the Medieval era.