 The central idea of such a theory is that “the program for orienting attention either overtly or covertly is the same, but in the latter case the eyes are blocked at a certain peripheral stage” (Rizzolatti et al, 1987, 37). Advocates of motor theories (such as Moore, Armstrong and Fallah, 2003) have characterised their work as a revival of the picture that Alexander Bain proposed at the end of the nineteenth century. Bain (as we saw in Section  1.5,  above) identified attention with truncated versions of the motor-control processes that typically bring about attention’s behavioural manifestations — processes “stopping short of the actual movement performed by the organ” (Bain, 1888, 371).