 We saw earlier that, unlike utilitarianism, contractualism rejects aggregation. However, there are some cases where contractualism’s aversion to aggregation seems to lead to undesirable results. (For a variety of contractualist responses to aggregation, see Reibetanz 1998, Norcross 2002, Kumar 2011, Fried 2012a. See also sections 9 and 12, as contractualists and their opponents often discuss aggregation alongside either demandingness or risk.)