Some have argued that explicit bias can explain much of what implicit bias purports to explain (e.g., Hermanson 2017a,b, 2018 (Other Internet Resources); Singal 2017; Buckwalter 2018). Jesse Singal (2017), for example, denies that implicit bias is more important than explicit bias, pointing to the United States Department of Justice’s findings about intentional race-based discrimination in Ferguson, MO and to the fact that the United States elected a relatively explicitly racist President in 2016.