 Han Fei’s suggestion to eliminate “texts written in books and on bamboo strips” and to turn officials into teachers was implemented by his fellow student and nemesis, Li Si, soon after the imperial unification of 221 BCE. In 213 BCE, after heated court debates, Li Si launched a comprehensive assault on “private learning,” which he identified as intellectually divisive and politically subversive. He then suggested eliminating copies of the canonical books of Poems and Documents, as well as Speeches of the Hundred Schools [of thought] from private collections, leaving copies only in the possession of the court erudites (bo shi 博士). Li Si concluded his proposal by echoing Han Fei’s views: “And those who want to study laws and ordinances, let them take an official as a teacher!” (Shiji 87: 2546; Watson 1993: 185).