 There are two ways of interpreting Gallagher’s worry. First, it can be read as saying that if mindreading is based on mental simulation, then it is hard to see how mental state attributions could be epistemically justified. This criticism, however, misses the mark entirely, since ST is not concerned with whether mental state attributions count as knowledge, but only with how, as a matter of fact, we go about forming such attributions. A second way to understand Gallagher’s remarks is this: as a matter of fact, we are pretty successful in understanding other minds; however, given the difference among individual minds, this pattern of successes cannot be explained in terms of mental simulation.