 For comments on this entry, my thanks to Graham Bird, Tatiana Patrone, Alison Stone, Lea Ypi, and the referees for this Encyclopedia, Paul Guyer and R. Lanier Anderson. Further thanks to the latter with regard to the 2013 revised version, and thanks to an anonymous referee with regard to the 2017 revisions. For additional assistance my thanks to Alix Cohen, Sebastian Gardner, Onora O’Neill and Jens Timmermann. My grateful thanks, too, to Nick Bunnin, for organizing the Chinese philosophy summer school which gave me the opportunity to lecture on this topic.