 As a counterexample to the reductive account, Searle imagines each member of a business school graduating class, versed in Adam Smith’s theory of the invisible hand, intending to pursue his selfish interests and thereby intending to do his part in helping humanity. Such an intention, even supplemented with the sort of beliefs that Tuomela and Miller require, intuitively doesn’t count as the sort of intention one has when acting with others, and it is implausible to think that these graduates go on to act collectively. And yet it seems to satisfy Tuomela and Miller’s  analysis.[9]  Searle’s diagnosis of the problem is that reductive approaches don’t guarantee the element of cooperation that is essential to shared activity and necessarily reflected in the attitudes of the participant (1990, 406). And one cannot respond by inserting the cooperative element into the content of the intention, so that what the agent intends is to do her part in shared activity. That would in effect presuppose the notion for which we’re seeking an account (1990,  405).[10]