 It is surprising, therefore, to learn that on the standard view among scholars, Descartes holds a strong view of privileged access guaranteeing the truth of all introspective judgments about the present contents of our own minds. On the standard view, Descartes holds an infallibility thesis whereby judgments about our own mental states cannot be mistaken, if based on introspective awareness: if I seem to be in mental state x, then I am in x. (A variety of related doctrines are also attributed to him, including the indubitability of the mental – roughly, that introspective judgments are indubitable; and omniscience with respect to the mental – roughly, that one has knowledge of every true proposition about one’s own present contents of consciousness. There is some variation in the way these doctrines are formulated in the literature.)