 Recently, however, a number of philosophers have focused their attention on a second sort of obligation we seem to have to friends and relatives. In addition to treating them differently, commonsense thought seems to hold that we ought to adopt different patterns of belief formation and evaluation with respect to them – patterns of belief formation and evaluation that make it more likely that we will think highly of them and regard them in a positive light. Thus, it has been suggested that friendship and similar relationships involve epistemic partiality: there are forms of epistemic bias which are recommended and possibly required by such relationships. As Simon Keller has written, “when good friends form beliefs about each other, they sometimes respond to considerations that have to do with the needs and interests of their friends, not with aiming at the truth, and that this is part of what makes them good friends” (Keller 2004, 333).