 If full moral status is determined by the possession of any of the cognitive attributes discussed in the last section, then that status will be enjoyed by some non-human animals and—more problematically—almost certainly lacked by some humans. Most proponents of individually-based attribute accounts welcome the implication that we cannot justify existing disparities between our treatment of “higher” animals and cognitively disabled human beings, and many argue that those disparities are better reduced by raising our standards for non-human animals than by lowering them for cognitively disabled humans.