 Nonetheless, there is wide agreement that historicist accounts of scientific rationality cannot fully supplant traditional views. For example, there surely does exist some “instant rationality” even at research frontiers. One finds a wide variety of decision contexts there, and some of these decisions will be uncontroversially warranted at that time and in that context, while others will not be. Hesse (1980) and many others (see Radnitzky &amp; Andersson 1978) raised the issue of how to generalize from historical case studies, for citing case studies can be like citing the Bible. One can cherry-pick one’s case studies to support most any position. In any case it is fallacious to generalize from a few, highly contextualized case studies to conclusions about all science at all times. Early historical work in social studies of science faced the same problem. Ironically, such generalization abstracts away from the historicity of the case studies themselves. The attempt to replace inductive generalization by testing via an H-D model also runs into trouble, as we noted in connection to the Virginia Tech project. And why should case studies from two or three hundred years ago be taken seriously when science itself has changed significantly in the meantime? Partly for this reason Ronald Giere (1973) contended that it was necessary to study only today’s scientific practices, that philosophers had no special need of consulting historians.