 There is a large philosophical literature on evidence-based medicine, with the first monograph appearing in 2002 (Goodman 2002). Most of the literature takes at least a partially skeptical stance on EBM practitioners’ various hardline stances on evidentiary matters: the suitability of clinicians relying primarily on brief synopses that attempt to synthesize massive bodies of evidence (Borgerson 2009); the room for hidden biases in the process of evaluating medical data (Stegenga 2011), and more. EBM has also inspired passionate disputes among clinicians over how to apply its principles (Berwick 2005; Greenhalgh, Snow, Ryan, Rees, &amp; Salisbury 2015). One line of criticism is that its aims are noble, but have been hijacked by bad actors, namely corporations that learned to that by getting involved in the production of randomized control trial evidence they could sway the evidence for the apparent safety and efficacy of their own products (Ioannidis 2016). Philosophy of EBM is given extensive discussion in the entry on  Philosophy of Medicine,  and as with the rest of this entry, this entry will avoid needless repetition and keep the focus on biomedicine per se.