 Having said that, this entry will focus primarily on animalism’s positive assertions, rather than on animalist criticisms of each of its rival views. The interested reader is directed to Olson 2007 and Snowdon 2014, which not only include qualified defenses of (1), but also raise a host of criticisms of the foregoing alternatives—criticisms that, if not motivated by an acceptance of (1), are at least consistent with its truth.