 As to game formalism, although philosophers may accuse mathematicians of a tendency to lapse into this seemingly discredited position, very few philosophers advance views resembling the game formalists. Gabbay (2010) and Azzouni (2004; 2005; 2006; 2009) have flown under the formalist flag. Gabbay’s formalism (which he develops only with respect to arithmetic in the paper cited) occupies ‘lush middle ground between traditional formalism, fictionalism, logicism and realism’ (Gabbay, 2010: 219). Moreover he writes ‘Contrary to traditional (game) formalism, my proposal shall not involve an attempt to provide formal derivations of each and every arithmetic truth’ (Gabbay, 2010: 221).