  Some suspect that all purported constraints on criminalization fail (Duff et al 2014, 44–52; Tadros 2016, 91–107). This is not to say that anything goes. It is rather to say that we cannot use a line like that drawn by (W) to work out what is permissibly criminalized. To trace the limits of the criminal law, we must engage in a more complex normative exercise: we must consider all morally salient particulars of proposed criminal laws—giving those particulars due weight in our deliberations—and thereby determine whether each proposal should be enacted. The limits of the criminal law cannot be traced in advance of this exercise. Instead, they are determined by it.