 Reflection on dynamic choice theory has also led to new ideas in environmental philosophy. For example, Chrisoula Andreou (2006) argues that, although dangerous environmental destruction is usually analyzed as resulting from interpersonal conflicts of interest, such destruction can flourish even in the absence of such conflicts. In particular, where individually negligible effects are involved, as is the case among “creeping environmental problems” such as pollution, “an agent, whether it be an individual or a unified collective, can be led down a course of destruction simply as a result of following its informed and perfectly understandable but intransitive preferences” (Andreou 2006, 96). Notice, for example, that if a unified collective values a healthy community, but also values luxuries whose production or use promotes a carcinogenic environment, it can find itself in a situation that is structurally similar to the situation of the self-torturer. Like the self-torturer, such a collective must cope with the fact that while one more day, and perhaps even one more month of indulgence can provide great rewards without bringing about any significant alterations in (physical or psychic) health, “sustained indulgence is far from innocuous” (Andreou 2006, 101).