 Notation: if A is an action model, then adding a superscript A to a symbol in \(\{E,R,\pre\}\) is used to denote a component of the triple that makes up A in such a way that \((E^A,R^A,\pre^A)=A\). We define a pointed action model, sometimes also called an action, to be a pair \((A,e)\) consisting of an action model A and an event \(e\in E^A\) that is called the \(point\). In drawing action models, events are drawn as rectangles, and a point (if any) is indicated with a double rectangle. We use many of the same drawing and terminological conventions for action models that we use for (pointed) Kripke models (see  Appendix A).