 Finally, we turn to algebraic approaches. Though Bealer in some sense adopts an algebraic approach to propositions (see the above discussion), he apparently holds that propositions have no (set theoretic or mereological) parts, and so doesn’t count as a structured proposition theorist in the sense in which the term is used here. Thus, we will consider here adherents to the algebraic approach who do hold that the propositions yielded by their algebras are complex and have “parts”. Aside from Bealer [1979, 1982 and 1993], work in this tradition includes Edward Zalta [1983 and 1988], and Christopher Menzel [1993]. The focus here will be on the formulations in Edward Zalta [1988]. Though Zalta has an extensive, axiomatized theory of propositions, and ordinary and abstract individuals, properties, and relations, we confine our attention here to his view about propositions. Still, since Zalta views propositions as zero-place relations, we will say something about his views on properties and relations.