 There has been a good deal of discussion in the literature concerning the question whether an identification of facts with true propositions is undermined not specifically by phenomena of syntactic incongruence but rather by failure of relevant intersubstitutions to preserve truth-values (see, e.g., King 2007: ch. 5; King in King, Soames, &amp; Speaks 2014: 64–70, 201–8; Hofweber 2016: 215–23; Candlish &amp; Damnjanovic 2018: 264). The discussion has focused on examples like the following: