 Animal cognition research can also be theory-laden within particular research paradigms. We can look at two current examples. The decades-long use of the false belief task as a measure for theory of mind in children and animals can be traced back to three commentaries on a scientific study of theory of mind (Premack &amp; Woodruff 1978) by philosophers Dennett (1978), Jonathan Bennett (1978), and Gilbert Harman (1978), who first suggested this methodology. The suggestion reflected current philosophical theorizing associated with functionalism in the philosophy of mind, and a theory of action according to which behaviors are caused by propositional attitudes—beliefs and desires.