 Bayle, Pierre |  Berkeley, George |  Bradley, Francis Herbert |  Cambridge Platonists |  Carnap, Rudolf |  Cassirer, Ernst |  Cohen, Hermann |  Collingwood, Robin George |  Descartes, René |  Dilthey, Wilhelm |  dualism |  egoism |  Epicurus |  epistemology |  Feyerabend, Paul |  Fichte, Johann Gottlieb |  Green, Thomas Hill |  Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich |  Heidegger, Martin |  Hobbes, Thomas |  Hume, David |  Jacobi, Friedrich Heinrich |  James, William |  Kant, Immanuel |  Kuhn, Thomas |  Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm |  Locke, John |  Malebranche, Nicolas |  McTaggart, John M. E. |  Merleau-Ponty, Maurice |  monism |  Moore, George Edward |  naturalism |  Nietzsche, Friedrich |  occasionalism |  -->ontology--> |  Peirce, Charles Sanders |  physicalism |  Plato |  rationalism vs. empiricism |  realism |  Reinhold, Karl Leonhard |  Royce, Josiah |  Russell, Bertrand |  Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von |  Schopenhauer, Arthur |  self-consciousness |  Sellars, Wilfrid |  skepticism |  Spinoza, Baruch |  Wolff, Christian 