 Because it is now more common in philosophical writing, the expression “mental disorder”, replaces “mental illness” in what follows. And unless otherwise indicated, “mental disorder” is taken to refer not only to more “mental” conditions like psychoses and affective disorders, but also to “behavioral” conditions such as addictions and character disorders. Frequently, the shift from ’mental’ to “cognitive” also indicates allegiance to substantive theoretical tenets. Here, however, “cognitive” and “cognition” are used only as terms of art within particular theoretical analyses.