 McCann (1998: 180) holds that an agent’s exercise of active control has two aspects: any basic action is a spontaneous, creative undertaking on the part of the agent, and it is intrinsically intentional. The intentionality of a basic action is said not to require any internal causal structure or external causal relation, yet it may be doubted that something’s being done intentionally can be altogether divorced in this way from causation. Further, supposing that such intrinsic intentionality is possible, it would seem that here too an event with this feature could be brought about by direct stimulation of someone’s brain, in the absence of any relevant desire or prior intention on the part of that person. But, again, such an occurrence, even if intrinsically something the agent means to be an exercise of her agency, hardly seems to be that.