 In sum, al-Kulliyyāt is an attempt to advance medical practice from the level of the infinite particulars, which cannot be assembled in a book, to the level of the rules (qānūn) and established principles (dustūr) that govern them (Kulliyyāt III.282). It is an attempt to upgrade medical discourse to the level of a science, linking its premises and principles to the Aristotelian natural sciences (Al-ʿAlawī 1986a, 180). This holistic methodology is characteristic of how Ibn Rushd approached the arts and sciences of his time. It shows his inclination to organize them in a way that protects them from chaos and elevates them to the level of scientific practice, established on the basis of universal principles and foundations. Particular cases, since they are unlimited, cannot be dealt with unless there are general laws that help us to deduce decisions about particulars on the basis of principles and foundations.