 The other pre-twentieth century author who is frequently cited as an antecedent of contemporary discussions is Frege. In Frege (1884) he makes the point that in counting things, we need to know what kind of thing we are counting. For example, something can be counted as one thing, a deck of cards, or as fifty-two cards. Frege was perhaps the first to use the phrase (which is translated as) “criterion of identity”. There is disagreement about whether Frege intended his remarks to apply to all kinds of identity, as Dummett (1973) argues, or only to numbers, as Lowe (1989) argues, but Dummett’s is the more common interpretation.