 Over the course of his life, Bob received many benefits from his and others’ driving. But suppose these are outweighed by the cost of his untimely death. As things turned out, Bob would have been better-off if driving had not been permitted. This seems to give Bob a reason to reject any principle that permits driving. And this reason seems to outweigh other people’s reasons to want driving to be permitted. (After all, any inconvenience they suffered would not be as bad as an early death.) It therefore seems that contractualism cannot permit driving. Indeed, contractualism must prohibit all socially useful activities that carry any risk of harm – on the grounds that, in a large population, over the course of a lifetime, any such activity is virtually certain to lead to at least one death.