 The analysis of utterers’ meaning illustrates what Grice has in mind. He suggests that, “[a]s a first approximation, what we mean by saying that a speaker, by something he says, on a particular occasion, means that \(p\), is that he is in the optimal state with respect to communicating, or if you like, to communicating that \(p\)” (1982, 242). The optimal state is what the analysis of utterers’ meaning specifies.