 Second, if the entire series of finite modes were caused by God or something that necessarily followed from God, then the entire series would exist necessarily after all (pace AP1). Remember that causation, necessary connection, and following-from track each other, according to Spinoza. So if the entire series of finite modes followed from something that exists necessarily, then by the modal transfer principle, the series itself would also exist necessarily. If so, then there would not  really be any alternative possible series to the series of actual finite modes. Furthermore, it is hard to see how Spinoza could block the transfer of necessity from the series of finite modes to the individual members of that series, in which case both AP2 and AP3 would be ruled out as well.