 At around the same time or shortly thereafter, Carroll argues, the term appears to have originated independently in the work of the French Protestant theologians Eugèene Ménégoz (1838–1921) and Auguste Sabatier (1839–1901), who (unlike the Catholic traditionalists of whom it was predicated by their critics) applied it to themselves. Ménégoz and Sabatier both sought to distinguish faith – understood in terms of something akin to Schleiermacher’s feeling of absolute dependence – from propositional belief, arguing that salvation depends on the former, rather than on assent to any particular doctrine. Because of Sabatier’s emphasis on religious symbols, this view was sometimes called  “symbolo-fideism.”[4]