  Since the theory doesn’t contain the statement Initially(Loaded), closed world reasoning yields that at time 0 the gun is not loaded \((\neg\)Initially(Loaded)). No matter how we update the discourse representation the first disjunct can never succeed. We thus have to move on to the second disjunct. In this case, the database is searched for an action \(a\) and a time \(s\) such that Initiates\((a, f, s)\),  Happens\((a, s)\) and \(\neg\)Clipped\((s\), Loaded, \(t)\). On the sole basis of the information provided in the discourse the subquery ?Happens\((a, s)\) will fail, because in discourse (50) there is no information about a load action. However, since integrity constraints are intended to be made true, the database will be updated with a clause Happens(Load, \(s) \wedge s \lt\)  now which makes the second disjunct true and the query succeed. 