  There appears to be no empirical evidence to support the sociological claim that the Moral Confusion Argument explains the public’s negative reaction. Among the voluminous social science research on public attitudes towards biotechnology, the U.S. Office of Technology Assessment’s (OTA) report on public perceptions of biotechnology remains the most comprehensive study of its kind in many ways. It found that consequentialist concerns were cited by only a meager 1% (for environmental concerns) to 8% (for “unforeseen consequences”) of the respondents who believed that creating cross-species plants or animals was morally wrong (Office of Technology Assessment 1987). Concerns about playing God and tampering with nature were much more prevalent. And even if these concerns are unfounded, as Baylis and Robert contend, it is surely fallacious to conclude that they are not motivating the public’s negative reaction. Conversely, even if the threat of moral confusion is a serious one, that does not alter the fact that it apparently did not even merit explicit mention by the OTA.