 Second, she shares Kant’s claim that reasoning is necessary because humans are finite and interdependent beings. Third, she agrees with Kant that the principles of reason are not revealed to us by intuition or introspection: We must use our rational powers to figure out what these principles are. Finally, she adopts Kant’s claim that to fulfill its distinctive function, norms of reasoning must be universal. The differences between Kant’s and O’Neill’s views concern the justification of the claim about universality. According to O’Neill, universality is a requirement of reasoning because reasoning is to be used by a plurality of finite, inter-dependent agents whose action and communication are not antecedently coordinated (e.g., by instinct, divine providence, or law).