Some philosophers have attempted to meet this challenge.  Jonathan Way (2012a) has developed an account which points to the costs necessarily involved in intending to E without also intending to M, specifically the psychological resources that would be wasted (one’s monitoring one’s progress towards E-ing, being disposed to take means towards E-ing, etc.).  And Michael Bratman (2009c) has recently suggested that we have a reason to be instrumentally coherent as such because doing so is a necessary, constitutive component of self-governance, and we have an intrinsic reason to govern ourselves.  In his view, just as we have a reason not to torture, and a reason to care for our children, we have a reason to govern ourselves.  And one’s being instrumentally incoherent on any particular occasion would be a way of failing to govern oneself. 