 Schopenhauer’s view of music influenced a number of composers. His impact on Richard Wagner could hardly have been greater (see  §1.4;  Magee 1997: chapter 17; Karnes &amp; Mitchell 2020; on Schopenhauer’s musical aesthetics, see Alperson 1981; Budd 1985: chapter 5; Wicks 2008: 106–111).