 Free logic accommodates empty singular terms (those that denote no member of the quantificational domain \(\bD)\) by rejecting inferences whose validity depends on the classical presumption that they must denote members of \(\bD\). Consider, for example, the rule of universal instantiation (specification): from the premise “Every \(x\) (in \(\bD)\) satisfies \(A\)” we may infer “\(t\) satisfies \(A\).” This rule, whose formal expression is: