 Possibly the only thing harder than defending a fully general rule requiring the first-order and second-order to match is accepting the intuitive consequences of level-splitting or akrasia. In this situation one believes a certain belief state is (or might be) irrational but persists in it anyway. Horowitz (2014) has defended the Non-Akrasia Constraint (also sometimes referred to as an Enkratic Principle) which forbids being highly confident in both “q” and “my evidence does not support q”, in part by arguing that allowing akrasia delivers highly counter-intuitive follow-on consequences in paradigm cases of higher-order evidence. For example, if our pilot maintains confidence that F, she has enough fuel, how should she explain how she got to a belief in F that she thinks is true when she also thinks her evidence does not support F? It would seem that she can only tell herself that she must have gotten lucky.