  He goes on to argue that those who had the benevolent disposition of a junzi and themselves understood nurturing life practices wanted to enable others to be able to nurture their own lives.  However, for people who do not use understanding and wisdom to protect their persons, the way of nurturing life was not sufficient, and they themselves could not help falling ill: “therefore they promulgated the principles of philosophy and originated the disciplines of medicine and pharmacology (materia medica) in order to offer assistance to those who themselves were unable to engage in nurturing life practices.” 