 Many instances of epistemic representation are instances of what Goodman and Elgin call “representation-as”. Caricatures are paradigmatic examples: Churchill is represented as a bulldog and Thatcher is represented as a boxer. But the notion is more general: Holbein’s Portrait of Henry VIII represents Henry as imposing and powerful and Stoddart’s statue of David Hume represents him as thoughtful and wise. Using these representations we can learn about their targets, for example we can learn about a politician’s or philosopher’s personality. The leading idea of the views discussed in this section is that scientific representation works in much the same way. A model of the solar system represents it as consisting of perfect spheres; the logistic model of growth represents the population as reproducing at fixed intervals of time; and so on. In each instance, models can be used to attempt to learn about their targets by determining what the former represent the latter as being.