 Once different temporal regimes were created, each ruler was situated within a commonwealth. The ruler of France could not legislate for Spain. A ruler with multiple realms, like Emperor Charles V, had to promulgate laws in each region. Within a realm, custom was supposed to reinforce law or to be enforced itself. A ruler was best advised to support good customs. Vitoria faced the possibility that some laws might be obeyed only by a few citizens, in which case they could be revoked by the ruler. Revoking laws arbitrarily, however, might be sinful. Even a tyrant’s laws had to be obeyed if they served the common good. Vitoria claimed that legislators are bound by civil laws (ibid., qu. 3 art. 4), but that the laws of tyrant are valid (ibid., qu. 3 art. 6), a view which conflicts with positions later held by Jesuits. The community, according to Vitoria, retained the right to defend itself against a tyrant threatening its survival, but it could not abolish a licit regime. The regime did not have to be Christian, but a non-Christian regime could not be overthrown solely on the grounds of injustice.