 A more recent version of this view was put forward by Daniel Susser, Beate Roessler, and Helen Nissenbaum, who write that: “manipulation is hidden influence. … Covertly influencing someone—imposing a hidden influence—means influencing them in a way they aren’t consciously aware of, and in a way they couldn’t easily become aware of” (Susser et al., 2019: 4). Alan Strudler suggests that “a sufficient even though not exhaustive characterization of manipulation” is that it involves changing a person’s behavior “through a chain of events that has the desired effect only because the person is unaware of that chain” (Strudler 2005: 459).