 Here \(p\) and \(q\) are the frequencies of two distinct alleles at a biallelic locus. The left-hand side represents the allele frequencies in the parental generation and a random mating pattern, while the right-hand side captures genotype frequencies in the offspring generation, as predicted from the parental generation. This is a null theoretical model—actual genotypic and allelic frequencies of the offspring generation often deviate from predicted frequencies (e.g., a lethal homozygote recessive would make the \(q^2_{\text{off}}\) term = 0). Indeed, HWP holds strictly only in abstracted and idealized populations with very specific properties (e.g., infinitely large, individuals reproduce randomly) and only when there are no evolutionary forces operating in the population (e.g., no selection, mutation, migration, or drift) (e.g., Hartl and Clark 1989; Winther et al. 2015). HWP is useful also in the way it interacts with laws of succession for selection, mutation, and so forth (e.g., Okasha 2012). This powerful population genetic principle is central to Semantic View analyses of the mathematical articulation of the theoretical structure of population genetics (see also Lorenzano 2014, Ginnobili 2016).