 Fodor and Pylyshyn’s argument hinges on the distinction between eliminative connectionism and implementationist connectionism (cf. Pinker &amp; Prince 1988). Eliminative connectionists advance neural networks as a replacement for the Turing-style formalism. They deny that mental computation consists in rule-governed symbol manipulation. Implementationist connectionists allow that, in some cases, mental computation may instantiate rule-governed symbol manipulation. They advance neural networks not to replace classical computations but rather to model how classical computations are implemented in the brain. The hope is that, because neural network computation more closely resembles actual brain activity, it can illuminate the physical realization of rule-governed symbol manipulation.