 While Suppes defends a reductive account of probabilistic causality, where the elements of \(\b{K}\) are determined without appeal to causal assumptions, Cartwright presents a non-reductive account where \(\b{K}\) must include all and only the causes of \(\r{E}\), excluding \(C\) itself and any variables that are causally intermediate between \(\r{C}\) and \(\r{E}\). The current consensus is that it is impossible to give a probabilistic account of causation without relying and causal concepts, and thus that no non-reductive account is feasible (though see Spohn 2012 for a dissenting view).