 Philosophy also continues to play an important role in Mexican secondary education. Although philosophy has been taught in public high schools since the 19th century, in 2009 the Mexican government tried to eliminate philosophical instruction from public education (not unlike the second half of the 19th century under the guidance of Barreda’s positivist curriculum, and Cardenas’s attempt to make education in Mexico socialist in 1933). However, in response, a group of academics founded the Observatorio Filosófico de México, which eventually thwarted government interference (see  Other Internet Resources).  The Observatorio’s defense of philosophy in Mexico was so successful that in 2019, the government made a constitutional amendment recognizing philosophical instruction as the right of all Mexicans.