 For Hume, the concepts of virtue and vice apply primarily to character traits or “mental qualities”, and secondarily to occurrent motives and actions. According to Hume, a character trait is a virtue if, and only if, it “gives to a spectator the pleasing sentiment of approbation” (EPM App. I.10). Vices, by contrast, are those traits that generate a displeasing sentiment of disapproval. Hume’s definition builds on his account of moral judgment, and it makes virtue dependent on the responses of a “judicious” spectator who contemplates things from a general point of view. The trait of prudence, for example, is a virtue because it tends to be pleasing to such a spectator. As Hume puts it, the defining mark of a virtue is that it has the “power of producing love or pride” when surveyed from the general point of view (T 3.3.1.3). In other words, a trait is a virtue only insofar as it tends to provoke the moral sentiment of approval in a properly situated spectator. If it did not tend to provoke this response, it would not be a virtue. Note how this marks a significant departure from Aristotelian conceptions of virtue, which says instead that a character trait’s goodness is a function of the role it plays in the agent’s own flourishing (Cohon 2008: 161).