 Melanie Mitchell, Peter Hraber and James Crutchfield replicated Langton and Packard’s experiments, reporting very different results (Mitchell, Hraber, &amp; Crutchfield 1994). In particular, they report that serious computational phenomena take place much closer to a chaotic \(\lambda(\phi) = 1/2\) than it was previously thought. Apart from technical points, a conceptual flaw in the original findings is the use of aggregate statistics, which are difficult to interpret in a high variance context: 