 Common words in English that start with the letter ‘F’ often have counterparts in Spanish that start with the letter ‘P’: ‘foot’/‘pie’, ‘fish’/‘pez’, ‘father’/‘padre’, etc. One could quantify this by looking at canonical wordlists from both languages, and seeing how often words begin with ‘F’ in English and with ‘P’ in Spanish. By treating the relative frequencies in this list as probabilities, one would discover that there is indeed a probabilistic correlation between the English word-initial ‘F’ and Spanish word-initial ‘P’.