 Before exploring several of the non-reductionist positions proposed in recent years, we should note that some of the proponents of non-reductionism think that Kripke’s sceptical challenge is based on confusion, and that our task is to unearth that confusion. Thus, on their view, the proper response is not to solve the sceptical problem by showing that the sceptic failed properly to acknowledge some set of facts (or some features of some such facts), but to dissolve it by showing that there is, in fact, no problem. McDowell, for instance, argues that Kripke misunderstands the dialectic pursued by Wittgenstein in Philosophical Investigations. On his view, 