 The claim that the copula is ambiguous (or more precisely, polysemous) has also been thought to have some implications for the metaphysical dispute between presentism and the two non-presentist views sketched above. A number of authors (Meyer (2005), Savitt (2006), Dorato (2006), Lombard (2010), and Arthur (2019, section 2.3). See Dolev (2007) for a different anti-ontological argument.) have argued that in order for there to be a genuine difference between these allegedly distinct metaphysical views, in addition to the suggestive pictures displayed above there must be some univocal statement or proposition concerning temporal ontology that one side asserts and the other side denies. When the polysemy of the copula (or of the verb ‘to exist’) is taken into account, it has proven very difficult to find a clear example of such a statement or proposition. What many philosophers take to be a profound dispute in the metaphysics of time may well turn out to be a mere verbal tangle. (Putnam (2008), by the way, has recently joined these critics: “[T]he question whether the past and future are ‘real’ is a pseudo-question.”)