 To see why this approach is a contender, consider subjects who have “blindsight”. They have visual representations of what’s in their blind field without having conscious visual experience of anything in their blind field (see Weiskrantz 2009 for a survey, and Phillips and Block 2016 for a debate about whether there really is unconscious perception). Now these subjects are better than chance at identifying objects in their blind field, but they have to be prompted to make a guess. For our purposes, imagine a hypothetical blindsighted subject who does not need to be prompted to form a belief that there is an \(X\) to the left. Now compare that subject with an ordinary sighted subject who forms a belief that there is an \(X\) to the left on the basis of visual experience. There are various questions here whose answers might support the phenomenal approach (see Smithies 2012a, 2019: ch. 3 for more).