 Every version of reductionism must deal with the question of the ontological status of the entities it reduces: are they retained or eliminated? Both of these components are present in traditional neutral monism. It eliminates mind and matter as these are traditionally conceived. There are neither “solid persistent objects moving through space”, nor are there states with an inbuilt and primitive “reference to objects” (Russell 1921: 124, 36). But, on the other hand, it provides constructions of neutral entities that are designed to play the roles of the entities they displace. On this picture there is no sharp boundary between retention and elimination. As the distance between the two roles—that played by the target entity, and that played by its neutral monist replacement—increases we move from the pole of retention toward that of elimination. The success of this strategy will have to be assessed on a case by case basis. There are relatively few objections to neutral monism that turn on the details of proposed reductions. (But see C.D. Broad’s critique of Russell, 1925: 577–584). This fact may, however, owe less to the excellence than to the rarity of such reductions in the literature. The most challenging criticisms of neutral monism do not engage with technical details, but aim squarely at the central idea of the doctrine—the idea of neutrality.