 There is a widespread belief that science is distinct from other knowledge accumulation endeavours, and some have suggested that replication distinguishes (or is at least essential to) science in this respect. (See also the entry on    science and pseudo-science.). According to the Open Science Collaboration, “Reproducible research practices are at the heart of sound research and integral to the scientific method.” (OSC 2015: 7). Schmidt echoes this theme: “To confirm results or hypotheses by a repetition procedure is at the basis of any scientific conception” (2009: 90). Braude (1979) goes so far as to say that reproducibility is a “demarcation criterion between science and nonscience” (1979: 2). Similarly, Nosek, Spies, and Motyl state that: