  Principles like (W) give us a line we can draw without reference to (at least some) morally salient particulars. Conduct that falls outside the line may not be criminalized come what may. Imagine we are considering whether to make it a crime to possess guns. Doing so will prevent a great deal of harmful wrongdoing that cannot be prevented otherwise. This is a powerful moral reason to criminalize. But if (W) is sound, and gun possession is not morally wrongful, that powerful reason is irrelevant to the decision with which we are faced. We are not permitted to criminalize, however much harm criminalization would prevent (Moore 1997, 72–73; Simester and von Hirsch 2011, 22–23; Duff 2014b, 218–222).