 As this last contrast makes clear, however, recognizing the limitations of Laudan’s critique of Quine and the fact that we cannot dismiss holist underdetermination with any straightforward appeal to ampliative principles of good reasoning by itself does nothing to establish the further positive claims about belief revision advanced by interest-driven theorists of science. Even simply conceding that theory choice or belief revision in science is indeed underdetermined by the evidence in just the ways that Duhem and/or Quine suggested leaves entirely open whether it is instead the (suitably broad) social or political interests of scientists themselves that do the further work of singling out the particular beliefs or responses to falsifying evidence that any particular scientist or scientific community will actually adopt or find compelling. Even many of those philosophers of science who are most strongly convinced of the general significance of various forms of underdetermination itself remain deeply skeptical of this latter thesis and thoroughly unconvinced by the empirical evidence that has been offered in support of it (usually in the form of case studies of particular historical episodes in science).