 As examined in  §6,  because software testing and reliability measuring techniques are known for their incapability of assuring for the absence of code faults (Dijkstra 1970), in many cases, and especially for the evaluation of the so-called safety-critical systems (such as controllers of airplanes, rockets, nuclear plants etc..), a combination of formal methods and empirical testing is used to evaluate correctness and dependability. Computer science can accordingly be understood as a scientific discipline, in that it makes use of both deductive and inductive probabilistic reasoning to examine computational systems (Denning et al. 1981, 2005, 2007; Tichy 1998; Colburn 2000).