 The claim that all attention is conscious attention sits uneasily with certain empirical results indicating that consciousness is not required for the operation of those psychological processes that are responsible for certain effects that are usually taken to be signatures of attention. In an experiment by Yi Jiang et al., (2006), for example, participants are presented with attention-attracting stimuli in such a way that, thanks to an arrangement of mirrors, these stimuli are given to just one eye. Because a more vivid stimulus is presented to the other eye, and because this more vivid stimulus wins the competition for consciousness that occurs in such cases of binocular rivalry, these experimental participants do not consciously experience the less vivid stimulus. Those unconsciously processed stimuli include erotic photographs. And those photographs do seem to elicit shifts of attention, despite being unseen, as is evidenced by the fact that consciously experienced stimuli that are presented in the same location as these unseen attention-grabbers are more accurately responded to in an attention demanding task (involving detecting the orientation of gabor-patches). One striking finding from Jiang et al.’s experiments is that the way in which these unseen photographs attract and repel attention depends on the sexual orientation of the experimental participants.