 There are other reasons that no doubt contributed to the decline of interest in Bosanquet’s work. By the early part of the 20th century, philosophical idealism as a whole was seen by many as a philosophical dead-end, with figures such as G.E. Moore, Bertrand Russell, and A.J. Ayer challenging what they saw as its irredeemably obscure vocabulary, as well as its questionable underlying speculative metaphysics.