 Others have argued that philosophical theories of remembering should not posit memory traces on the ground that philosophical theories ought not to dictate to scientific theories and that traces belong to the province of the latter (Zemach 1983). One response to this argument advocates a retreat to a purely logical conception of memory traces, devoid of any empirical detail (Heil 1978; D.A. Rosen 1975). Another response advocates the development of a conception of traces based on current scientific theories of remembering (Sutton 1998). This response, in turn, motivates the distributed conception of traces introduced in section 4. As we have seen, the distributed conception is not without its disadvantages; in particular, it may have troubling implications for the causal theory. But it has advantages as well; in particular, it may ground a response to Wittgensteinian (1980; see also Malcolm [1963] 1975) antirepresentationalist arguments, which often presuppose a local conception of traces (Sutton 2015).