 The fossil record is the chief source of empirical evidence concerning macroevolutionary patterns, and so macroevolutionary theory is closely associated with paleontology. In addition to questions of macroevolutionary theory per se, there are also epistemological questions about how paleontologists infer pattern from process, and how they correct for biases in the fossil data (Bokulich forthcoming). In addition, the distinction between macroevolution and microevolution sometimes mirrors the distinction between paleontology, with its focus on the fossil record, and neontology, with its focus on observable, extant populations. For this reason, metaphysical questions about the relationship between macro- and microevolution are sometimes difficult to disentangle from epistemological questions about what sorts of things can be inferred from different evidence bases.