 Even if stipulation were sufficient to establish some sort of representational relationship, Stipulative Fiat fails to meet the Surrogative Reasoning Condition: assuming a salt shaker represents Madagascar in virtue of someone’s stipulation that this is so, this tells us nothing about how the salt shaker could be used to learn about Madagascar in the way that scientific models are used to learn about their targets (Liu 2015: 46–47, for a related objections see Boesch 2017: 974–978, Bueno and French 2011: 871–873, Gelfert 2016: 33, Ruyant 2021: 535). And appealing to additional facts about the salt shaker (the salt shaker being to the right of the pepper mill might allow us to infer that Madagascar is to the east of Mozambique) in order to answer this objection goes beyond Stipulative Fiat. Callender and Cohen do admit some representations are more useful than others, but claim that