 adaptationism |  biology: experiment in |  biology: philosophy of |  causation: and manipulability |  causation: probabilistic |  chance: versus randomness |  Darwinism |  evolution |  fitness |  gene |  genetics |  genetics: ecological |  genetics: genotype/phenotype distinction |  genetics: molecular |  genetics: population |  heritability |  laws of nature |  levels of organization in biology |  models in science |  natural selection |  natural selection: units and levels of |  probability, interpretations of |  replication and reproduction |  statistics, philosophy of 