 The emphasis on collaborations between living things in Microbialism can undermine the focus on organisms without entering (at least directly) into these deep metaphysical waters. That emphasis can also motivate Eliminativism. One way it can do so is by embracing the idea that it is not organisms but holobionts that are really paradigmatic biological individuals. A holobiont is, at least roughly, “the multicellular eukaryote plus its colonies of symbionts” (Gilbert &amp; Tauber 2016: 842). This concept is attractive to some scientists (e.g., Zilber-Rosenberg &amp; Rosenberg 2008; Bordenstein &amp; Theis 2015; Bosch &amp; Miller 2016; cf. Douglas &amp; Werren 2016) while also sparking ongoing philosophical work (Theis et al. 2016, Booth 2014, Doolittle &amp; Booth 2017). For example, a recent special issue of the journal Biology &amp; Philosophy on biological individuality (volume 31, issue 6) contains papers that focus on the significance of the holobiont for immunology (Chiu &amp; Eberl 2016; Gilbert &amp; Tauber 2016) and for the evolution of individuality and its major transitions (Queller &amp; Strassmann 2016, Skillings 2016; cf. Bourrat &amp; Griffiths 2018).