  The American pragmatist C. I. Lewis introduced ‘qualia’ into contemporary  philosophy.[6]  Qualia, he explains in Mind and the World Order, are “recognizable qualitative characters of the given” (1929, 121). According to Lewis, what is “given” in experience are sense-data (although Lewis himself preferred other terminology: see 55–7), not objects like tomatoes. Goodman’s well-known discussion of qualia in The Structure of Appearance (1951) follows Lewis’s use. Among Jackson, Dennett, and Dretske, Dretske’s use of ‘qualia’ is the closest to Lewis’s. Restricting attention to the case of veridical perception, we may think of Dretske as basically agreeing with Lewis about the characterization of qualia, but disagreeing with Lewis about the given. When one sees that a tomato is red, according to Lewis a sense-datum, not the tomato, is given; according to Dretske what is given is the tomato. So, since a “recognizable qualitative character” of the tomato is its color, Dretske thinks that colors are examples of  qualia.[7]