 analytic/synthetic distinction |  a priori justification and knowledge |  Ayer, Alfred Jules |  Berkeley, George |  concepts |  Descartes, René |  Descartes, René: theory of ideas |  epistemology |  Hume, David |  innate/acquired distinction |  innateness: and language |  innateness: historical controversies |  justification, epistemic: foundationalist theories of |  Kant, Immanuel |  knowledge: analysis of |  Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm |  Locke, John |  Plato |  Quine, Willard Van Orman |  reliabilist epistemology |  skepticism |  Spinoza, Baruch 