  Philosophically, Hare came under two influences that together led him to views that he could always retain. One was emotivism. He followed this in accepting a broadly empiricist view of facts that excluded moral facts in any unetiolated sense of “fact”.  However, he never adopted the verification principle of meaning in any thorough-going way. He also recoiled from any causal account of “emotive meaning” that reduced moral discourse to emotional manipulation. It became a recurrent theme that emotivism went wrong by connecting the meaning of moral language with its perlocutionary, rather than its illocutionary, force (1997a: 112–14), that is, with what we do by or through using it, rather than what we do in using it.