 On the Continent, Pufendorf’s influence was felt during the 18th century through the so-called civil enlightenment of C. Thomasius and his school, and through the frequent republication and study of his own works. Their juridical approach to natural law persisted until the end of the century, especially in German law faculties (Lestition 1989, Klippel 2009, Schröder 2010), where it provided a counterweight to the metaphysical, perfectionist, and in a sense neoscholastic tradition of natural law associated with Leibniz and Christian Wolff (1679–1754) (Hunter 2007, 2003a, 2001; Lutterbeck 2002, Haakonssen 2006, Ikadatsu 2002, Ottmann 2006, Schmidt 2007, Schneider 2001). Pufendorf himself maintained a presence not only through his natural law works but also the historical writings, especially the many versions of his Introduction (Einl. 1682), which was continually revised and appropriated by others to suit the times, until nearly the end of the century (Seidler 2013). Indeed, it was largely through this work and those of its editors, commentators, and imitators, including Nikolaus Hieronymus Gundling (1671–1729) and Johann Peter Lud[e]wig (1668–1743), that Pufendorf entered the 18th-century discourse about the relation of law, politics, and history, and stayed relevant as an international theorist. His empirically grounded mix of history, philosophy, and law led also into cameralism (Brückner 1977), into the so-called Göttingen School (Hammerstein 1972 and 1986, Vierhaus 1987), and to the associated discipline of Statistik (statistics, from the Italian statista [statesman] and ragion di stato), with its focus on the concrete institutions and functions of states (Zande 2010, Valera 1986, Pasquino 1986). This included Gottfried Achenwall (1719–1772), on whom Kant lectured for many years during both his pre-Critical and Critical periods (Achenwall 1762, Hruschka 1986, Streidl 2000). Moreover, it underlay the century’s legal codification schemes, which attempted still to base positive on natural law in some sense (Hartung 1998, Ferronato 2005). In an equally broad sort of way, Pufendorf was also predecessor to Jean-Jacques Burlamaqui (1694–1748) and Emmerich de Vattel (1714–1767), whose respective works on natural and international law were notable examples of the genre, albeit ones also influenced by its Wolffian version. Moreover, Pufendorf and natural law were present in the Encyclopédie (Schröder 2001, Burns 1999), as well as in the prehistory of the French Revolution (Caradonna 2006, Edelstein 2014). Finally, Pufendorf’s theory of the state had a significant formative influence on specific thinkers like Rousseau, who criticized him and other “friends of despotism” for undermining human freedom while nonetheless borrowing heavily from his political conceptions (McAdam 1963, Derathé 1992, Wokler 1994, Silvestrini 2010, Douglass 2015).