 The fact that natural languages contain indexicals forces us to distinguish between two notions of meaning. On the one hand, expressions have a standing meaning fixed by convention and known to those who are linguistically competent. On the other hand, expressions in use are associated with occasion meanings which is discerned by interpreters in part on the basis of contextual information. The terminology is from Quine (1960). Kaplan (1977) uses the terms character and content but he makes a number of substantive assumptions about what these are which I intend to abstract from. Thus, we should not assume that occasion meanings are structured entities built from objects, properties, and relations, or even that the occasion meanings of declarative sentences are always propositions. Also, we need not assume that standing meanings are functions from contexts to occasion meanings, or even that they determine in context what occasion meanings are.