 Michael Walzer also considers fairness to be very important to ascriptions of forward looking collective responsibility in a welfare state. But he does not consider fairness in this context to rest on considerations of who caused harm. Instead, he considers it to rest on the norms of communal membership. According to Walzer, a fair distribution of responsibilities in a welfare state will always come down to what we owe each other as members of a community—which, from his perspective, translates into all of those things that will make communal membership possible among those in the community, e.g., financial security, health care, education, peace, and security, regardless of whether members caused harm to themselves. (Walzer 2008)