 In section  3.1,  we shall see that Burge denies that (A) entails (B). Yet in light of his resistance, Boghossian (1989) formulates a different version of the slow switch argument. This second version, known as the memory argument, runs as follows. As before, suppose Oscar unwittingly is subject to a slow-switch, so that the concept he expresses with ‘water’ at t1 denotes water, and the concept he expresses at t2 denotes twin water. Then, if p is a thought that Oscar uses ‘water’ in expressing, the memory argument runs as follows (adapted from Ludlow 1993a):