 In order to cultivate an awakened mind that realizes the ultimate truth, the Madhyamaka school of philosophy advocates a fourfold process of analyzing the conventional truth that is commonly referred to as a tetralemma (catuṣkoṭi, mtha’ bzhi). While this fourfold analysis is not unique to Buddhism, its use as a tool in Buddhist philosophical traditions can be traced to Nāgārjuna’s Mūlamadhyamakakārika, in which he famously remarks, “Neither from itself, nor from another, nor from both, nor without a cause, does anything, anywhere, ever, arise” (MMK I:1). This fourfold rejection of one extreme, its opposite, both, and neither, is adopted and expanded upon by later Mādhyamikas, and is frequently used as a tool in order to demonstrate the Madhyamaka view.