 Several influential approaches define pornography as sexually explicit material that is (somehow) bad—although they disagree both about why pornography is bad and exactly what materials are pornographic. A particularly influential approach, which has provided the dominant legal framework for understanding pornography in the U.S. and U.K., has been to define pornography in terms of obscenity. Material counts as obscene if an average, reasonable person applying community standards would find the work as a whole to lack any serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value, and the work describes or depicts in an obvious way offensive sexual conduct. On this conception, which is employed by many of pornography’s conservative critics, pornography should be regulated because it transgresses certain (allegedly) shared community standards of morality or decency, and thus counts as obscene. Conservatives usually class all sexually explicit material—even egalitarian sexually explicit “erotica”—within the category of pornography since conservatives typically view all such material as obscene. (For critical discussions of this obscenity approach, see Schauer 1982; Feinberg 1987; MacKinnon 1987.)