 The advance in understanding for which practitioners of this style of neuroeconomics hope consists not in what it tells us about particular types of games, but rather in comparative inferences it facilitates about the ways in which contextual framing influences people’s conjectures about which games they’re playing. fMRI or other kinds of probes of working brains might, it is conjectured, enable us to quantitatively estimate degrees of strategic surprise. Reciprocally interacting expectations about surprise may themselves be subject to strategic manipulation, but this is an idea that has barely begun to be theoretically explored by game theorists (see  Ross and Dumouchel 2004).  The view of some neuroeconomists that we now have the prospect of empirically testing such new theories, as opposed to just hypothetically modeling them, has stimulated growth in this line of research.