 Reasons of this kind dispose the agent to expect certain features in certain kinds of situations, to pick out what is salient in those situations, to have certain kinds of attitudes toward them, and to act in typical ways. In the manner of Aristotle’s brave soldier (Nicomachean Ethics 1117a17–22), the agent just recognizes the situation and knows what to do without further ado. Hence, the claim that an action is considered less meritorious when done without occurrent deliberation is false. Prior reflection and evaluation yield the sense of a specific action—that is, a certain kind of action—as appropriate for the particular circumstances in which an agent finds herself. It is the perceptual and emotional grasp of those circumstances that further determines the agent’s choice to follow a particular course of action to achieve her  ends.[18]