 Another ‘local’ objection (which is actually a generalization of a variant of the misrepresentation problem discussed in connection with inner sense theory in section 3 above) is the targetless higher-order representation problem (Byrne 1997; Neander 1998; Levine 2001). This is confronted by both inner sense theory and actualist HOT theory (but not by either dispositionalist HOT or self-representational theories, according to which the relevant higher-order state can’t exist in the absence of the targeted state). For in each case it seems that a higher-order experience of a perception of red, say, or a HOT about a perception of red, might exist in the absence of any such perception occurring. So it would seem to the subject that she is experiencing red, or she might think that she is experiencing red, in the absence of any such experience. (Note that the point isn’t just that she might undergo such a seeming in the absence of anything really red. Rather, the point is that she might not really be undergoing any sort of visual experience as of red at all.) In which case, does the subject have a phenomenally conscious experience as of red, or not?