 Working through the “Jewish problem” was not merely the responsibility of the theologians, Susman’s recourse to the Book of Job suggests, but was equally the task of philosophy, whose soundness could only be proven by the way it lived up to the task of facing its most radical challenge. Though Susman’s reading of the historical situation humanity faced in the wake of Auschwitz has recourse to the biblical Book of Job, the study is in fact a metaphysical meditation. While it is true that Susman does not shy away from the discourse of religion, the book’s argument remains staunchly non-theological. Susman actually follows the biblical text in its resolute criticism of all theological discourse. In her essay on Kafka from 1929, Susman had already treated Job’s as the paradigmatic experience for exploring the Jewish dimension of Kafka’s world. In this essay, she noted that