 Spade (1980: 6) suggests the Marsilius’s solution to the insolubles derives, like Gregory’s, from Bradwardine’s. It is actually more similar to the modified Heytesbury solution and to Albert of Saxony’s. Marsilius’s treatise was written in Paris, probably in the 1360s, where Marsilius was in the English Nation. (He may even have overlapped with Albert, before Albert left Paris in 1362.) Marsilius’s main idea is that every proposition has two significations, a material signification, which is what we take as its normal or ordinary meaning, about things, and a formal signification, which is meta-linguistic, affirmative propositions signifying that their subject and predicate supposit for the same thing, negatives that they don’t. The consequence is that insolubles falsify themselves. Take ‘This proposition is false’, for example. Its material signification contradicts its formal signification, for its material signification is that it’s false, that is, that its predicate does not apply to its subject (that is, to itself), whereas, being affirmative, its formal signification is that its predicate does apply to its subject. So, Marsilius concludes, every proposition signifying itself to be false falsifies itself—in being self-contradictory, not in Swyneshed’s sense of that phrase. 