 In his book, The Art of Political Manipulation (Riker 1986) the political scientist William Riker calls the latter form of manipulation “heresthetic,” and characterizes it as “structuring the world so you can win” (1986: ix). His focus is on political tactics like gerrymandering, poison pill amendments, and strategic voting, all of which are often described as manipulation, and all of which seem more like what Rudinow’s malingerer does to the psychiatrist than what he does to the police officer.