 Of course, the conclusion (4) of (AS) (“You are not a BIV”) does not imply that you know that you are not a BIV. However, note that all of the other anti-skeptical arguments considered so far also have this feature; they all have the conclusion that the relevant agent is not a BIV. It is then inferred that the agent knows that she is not a brain in a vat by virtue of her having deduced the conclusion that she is not a BIV from premises that she knows, always including assumed knowledge of the causal constraint.