 A portentous recent development in the foundations of game theory is the invention of the theory of conditional games by  Stirling (2012).  This first volume restricts itself to the mathematics, with some leading possibilities for application, along with technical extensions that provide bridges into economics, being found in the follow-up,  Stirling (2016).  The philosophical importance of this work is best understood in light of considerations introduced in  Bacharach (2006).