 Of special note here is Rawls’ 1955 paper we discussed above in the context of conventionalism, “Two Concepts of Rules”, which advanced a rule-utilitarian defense of promissory obligations and helped to focus the debate on promising By changing the focus from act to rule, rule utilitarians are better able to explain our moral intuitions regarding individual cases of promise-keeping. But in particular, rule utilitarians claim that their theory can make sense of the origin and maintenance of the practice of promising itself. Unlike an act utilitarian society, promising and trusting in promises makes sense in a rule utilitarian society, because promisees can rest assured that promisors won’t do the local utility calculation to determine whether or not to keep their promises, but rather will obey the rule of promising.