But this argument doesn’t provide a reason to conform to the instrumental principle in every case in which the instrumental principle is applicable.  Rather, it provides a reason to do so only when accompanied by enough other instances of non-conformity to threaten one’s status as an agent (Kolodny 2005, 544; Shaver 2006, 342). So, like the previous Kantian argument, and like the Hume’s skepticism discussed in §4.3, this argument also fails to explain why instrumental rationality applies in every case in which it does.