  Ever vaster amounts of data have been produced by particle colliders as they have grown from room-size apparata, to tens of kilometers long mega-labs. Vast numbers of background interactions that are well understood and theoretically uninteresting occur in the detector. These have to be combed in order to identify interactions of potential interest. This is especially true of hadron (proton-proton) colliders like the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), where the Higgs boson was discovered. Protons that collide in the LHC and similar hadron colliders are composed of more elementary particles, collectively labeled partons. Partons mutually interact, exponentially increasing the number of background interactions. In fact, a minuscule number of interactions are selected from the overwhelming number that occur in the detector. (In contrast, lepton collisions, such as collisions of electrons and positrons, produce much lower backgrounds, since leptons are not composed of more elementary particles.)