 Now the emergent properties attracting CA scholars’ attention, unsurprisingly, have mainly been computational properties, i.e., the features enabling a system to perform complex calculations in spite of not being explicitly computationally encoded at the base level (which sits in the vicinity of  E2).  Additionally, as we have seen during our discussion of the Edge of Chaos hypothesis, CA scholars have focused on the study of nonlinear global dynamics emerging from the local interactions of the CA cells (which sits in the vicinity of  E3).  In order to introduce the formal work on emergent CA computation, and to compare these findings with the available philosophical accounts, we can start again with a concrete example. This is the “classification problem”. 