 If S has the experiences needed to acquire the concepts of bachelorhood and untidiness, acquires these concepts, and understands (7), S will not have a justification to believe (7)—even if we suppose, for the moment, that all bachelors are untidy. S would have to observe many bachelors and their personal habits, or be told about the personal habits of bachelors by others for (7) to be justified. As we’ve already noted,  (1)  is different: once S understands  (1),  this proposition will be justified for S—or so says the standard view.