 Suppose the aim is to make a judgment on some procedure-independent fact or state of the world, denoted \(X\). In a jury decision, the defendant is either guilty \((X = 1)\) or innocent \((X = -1)\). In an expert-panel decision on the safety of some technology, the technology may be either safe \((X = 1)\) or not \((X = -1)\). Each individual’s vote expresses a judgment on that fact or state, and the social decision represents the collective judgment. The goal is to reach a factually correct collective judgment. Which aggregation rule performs best at ‘tracking the truth’ depends on the relationship between the individual votes and the relevant fact or state of the world.