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---
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- sentence-similarity
- feature-extraction
- generated_from_trainer
- dataset_size:44978
- loss:ReasoningGuidedRankingLoss
base_model: google-bert/bert-base-uncased
widget:
- source_sentence: Severe weather rips through Alabama university, takes aim at Southeast
sentences:
- The second text provides a detailed elaboration of the first text. It expands
on the initial statement about severe weather in Alabama, providing specific details
about the damage at Jacksonville State University, the impact on the surrounding
areas, and the broader effects of the storm.
- 'The labor movement has been living in the shadow of a national assault on public-sector
collective bargaining for a while now. We’ve talked a lot about Harris v. Quinn,
how labor dodged a bullet with that case, and dodged another with the death of
Scalia before the Friedrichs case could be decided. But Janus v. American Federation
of State, County, and Municipal Employees, Council 31 is likely to be the case
labor has been dreading, and we break it down for you today with Andy Stettner
of the Century Foundation.
We also look at Uber’s failures in London and neoliberalism’s failures in France,
a union drive at the Los Angeles Times and a labor solidarity mission to Puerto
Rico post-hurricanes. For Argh, we consider forced labor “rehab” facilities, and
how moving left is the solution to the rise of the populist right.
If you think our work is worth supporting as we soldier on through Trumplandia,
please consider becoming a sustaining member of Belabored or donating or subscribing
to Dissent. Help keep us going for the next 136 episodes!'
- 'Severe weather that spawned at least one tornado slammed Alabama’s Jacksonville
State University on Monday night and took aim at the rest of the southeast.
Alabama state troopers said the damage in Jacksonville, Ala. left the city looking
like a “war zone.” Strong winds downed trees and damaged buildings as the National
Weather Service confirmed a “damaging and possibly large tornado near Jacksonville
and Calhoun counties and was moving east.
Jacksonville State University Athletic Director Greg Seitz wrote in a tweet that
there was significant damage to campus, including to the newly renovated Pete
Mathews Coliseum.
"I can confirm we have major roof damage at Pete Mathews Coliseum, but The Pete
is not completely destroyed," Seitz said in a tweet.
Tuscaloosa County Sheriff’s Office Lt. Andy Norris said in a tweet that troopers
called Jacksonville a “war zone.” He said the arena’s roof “took major damage.”
Photos seen on social media showed the extent of the damage Jacksonville took.
Alabama Gov. Kay Ivey confirmed in a statement late Monday there was “significant
damage” throughout the state, according to WBRC-TV.
Cities in northern Alabama reported power outages and the NWS in Huntsville reported
at least three tornadoes in the area.
The severe weather moved into Georgia late Monday night.
Flights at Hartsfield Airport in Atlanta were not officially grounded as the damaging
winds moved into the area. However, the airport warned on Twitter that delays
were likely.
Meanwhile, more than 150 people reportedly took cover into a historic cave in
Cave Springs, Ga.
The storms knocked out power to at least 15,000 homes and businesses in Alabama.
Georgia Power was rpeorting more than 26,000 of their customers were without power,
according to Cobb County News.
The Associated Press contributed to this report.'
- source_sentence: NCAA Sexual Violence Policy Criticized as Weak
sentences:
- The second text provides details that elaborate on the criticism mentioned in
the first text. It describes the NCAA's new rules and then presents a specific
critique, highlighting the perceived weaknesses in the policy, such as the lack
of strong enforcement and accountability, thus supporting the initial claim of
weakness.
- 'CHAMPAIGN -- Illinois had one final chance to finish this week on a recruiting
strong note. After missing out on three Class of 2018 forwards early in the week,
the Illini were still in the running for four-star Georgia prospect Landers Nolley.
Until Friday morning. Nolley, a 6-foot-7 wing who played his sophomore season
at Curie in Chicago before moving to Georgia, narrowed his choices to Georgia
and Virginia Tech.
Nolley''s almost final decision left Illinois 0 for 4 on 2018 targets this week
after Lukas Kisunas (UConn), George Conditt (Iowa State) and Colin Castleton (Michigan)
all committed elsewhere. That leaves the Illini in further pursuit of in-state
targets like Morgan Park''s Ayo Dosunmu, who will start an official visit at Illinois
on Oct. 13, and Simeon''s Talen Horton-Tucker.'
- 'The National Collegiate Athletic Association adopted rules last week that require
key administrators to complete annual training on sexual violence prevention,
and to certify annually that the institution''s teams and programs are familiar
with policies and processes to prevent sexual violence or to deal with incidents
that take place. Further, the rules require institutions to provide information
to athletes on institutional policies and procedures.
A column in The Huffington Post noted that the NCAA rules are largely similar
to what federal law requires of colleges, and that they don''t address issues
related to athletes found to have assaulted others. What the rules lack, the column
said, "is enforcement or accountability that approaches penalties reaching the
[same] level as the purchase of a hamburger for a student athlete."'
- source_sentence: William few Pkwy and Chamblin Rd new traffic signal - WFXG FOX
54 - News Now
sentences:
- The second text elaborates on the first by providing details about the traffic
signal mentioned in the title. It specifies the location (William Few Parkway
and Chamblin Road) and the schedule for the signal's operation, including the
dates it will be in flashing and normal modes.
- 'Columbia County wants to inform the driving public of a new traffic signal installation.
It’s located at William Few Parkway and Chamblin Road.
The light is scheduled to go into flashing mode on Friday October 6th, 2017. The
signal will remain in flashing mode for the remainder of this week, including
the weekend. The signal is scheduled to be placed into normal stop and go operation
on Tuesday, October 10, 2017.
Copyright 2017 WFXG. All rights reserved.'
- 'NEWPORT BEACH, Calif. (AP) — The Latest on a fatal helicopter crash in Southern
California (all times local):
10:07 a.m.
California authorities have released the name of all three people killed when
a small helicopter crashed in a Newport Beach neighborhood.
The Orange County Sheriff''s Department says the dead are 60-year-old Joseph Anthony
Tena of Newport Beach, 45-year-old Kimberly Lynne Watzman of Santa Monica and
56-year-old Brian R. Reichelt of Hollywood.
The crash Wednesday in a neighborhood involved four people in the helicopter and
a bystander. Newport Beach police spokeswoman Jennifer Manzella says all three
people killed were in the helicopter.
There''s no information about two people who were injured.
___
11:03 p.m.
Officials say three people were killed and two more injured when a helicopter
crashed into a home in a suburban Southern California neighborhood.
Authorities say four people were aboard the Robinson R44 helicopter when it went
down in Newport Beach on Tuesday afternoon just a few minutes after taking off
from John Wayne Airport.
One person who was outside on the ground was involved in the crash, though officials
did not specify who died and who was injured.
Neighbor Marian Michaels says she thought it was an earthquake when the helicopter
slammed into the house.
Another neighbor, Roger Johnson, says he heard a scream that sounded like it was
from a horror movie before rushing to the scene to try to help.'
- source_sentence: 'Former AG, ex-Jordanian PM top contenders for Pak''s ICJ ad-hoc
judge choice: report'
sentences:
- The second text elaborates on the first by providing details about the contenders
for the ad-hoc judge position. It names specific individuals (ex-AG and former
Jordanian PM) and provides context about the case at the ICJ, the nomination process,
and the sources of the information. The report confirms the information presented
in the title.
- 'Image caption The last confirmed sighting of Brian McGowan was in Plean on 21
September
Police searching for a man who has not been seen for more than two weeks are asking
the public to check outbuildings and gardens for any trace of him.
Brian McGowan, 42, was last seen in the Gillespie Terrace area of Plean, near
Stirling, at 16:00 on 21 September.
Investigations have uncovered a "probable" sighting of him in the Gallamuir Drive
area at 01:30 the following day.
Police said that since then he has not returned home or contacted anyone.
Insp Donna Bryans said: "Brian has now been missing for two weeks and it is vital
that we find him.
"I would like to thank the local community who have come out to search for Brian
and helped with our investigations so far.
"I would ask residents and visitors to Plean, as well as visitors to Plean Country
Park, to be vigilant and report any sighting of anyone seen matching Brian''s
description."
Insp Bryans said a search of gardens and outbuildings in the area could help officers
discover Mr McGowan''s whereabouts.
He is described as 5ft 10 tall, of slim build with short dark hair. He had blue
eyes and tattoos on his fingers and speaks with a local accent.
When last seen he was wearing a black baseball cap, a black G-Star jacket, grey
Armani jumper, grey Adidas tracksuit bottoms with black stripes on the sides and
black and grey Adidas Y3 trainers.'
- 'ISLAMABAD: The Pakistan government has begun consultations over the nomination
of an ad-hoc judge for the Kulbhushan Jadhav case being heard at the International
Court of Justice with an ex-attorney general and a former Jordanian premier emerging
as the top contenders, a media report said today. India had moved the Hague-based
International Court of Justice (ICJ) against Jadhav''s death penalty handed down
by a Pakistani military court. The ICJ had on May 18 restrained Pakistan from
executing the death sentence.Pakistan government''s functionaries have started
consultations for the nomination of an ad-hoc judge, Express Tribune reported,
citing sources.During the tenure of ousted prime minister Nawaz Sharif , former
Supreme Court judge Khalilur Rehman Ramday was approached, but he declined the
nomination, the report said.Sources were quoted by the daily as saying that the
Attorney General for Pakistan''s (AGP) office has recommended the names of senior
lawyer Makhdoom Ali Khan and former Jordanian prime minister Awn Shawkat Al-Khasawneh
to the Prime Minister''s Office for the nomination of one name as an ad-hoc judge.Khasawneh
served as an ICJ judge for over a decade, while Khan, a former Attorney General
who is seen as the favourite for the job, also has experience in international
arbitration cases, having represented eight different countries in international
courts.The nomination of the ad-hoc judge will be finalised after getting inputs
from the Foreign Office and the military establishment, the sources said, adding
that earlier, government functionaries had also considered the name of former
chief justice of Pakistan Tassaduq Hussain Jillani.An official was quoted as saying
that the name of the ad- hoc judge will be finalised next month, soon after the
Indian side files its documents.Meanwhile, Pakistan Bar Council (PBC) representative
Raheel Kamran Sheikh has called upon the government to seek Parliament''s approval
on the appointment of the ad-hoc judge.Only one person has previously been appointed
as ICJ judge in Pakistan''s history -- former foreign minister Zafarullah Khan,
who was appointed in 1954 and later became the president of the court.Yaqub Ali
Khan and Sharifuddin Pirzada both served as ad-hoc judges, as did Zafarullah.'
- source_sentence: Energy advocates call for new commitment to renewable growth
sentences:
- The second text elaborates on the first by providing details about the specific
context of the energy advocates' call for renewable growth. It identifies the
advocates (CFE, VoteSolar, Environment Connecticut), the specific renewable energy
program (community solar), and the reasons for their call, including program delays
and design flaws.
- 'The piece below was submitted by CFE, VoteSolar, and Environment Connecticut
in response to the latest delay in the shared solar pilot program.
Solar and environmental advocates are calling for a new community solar program
in Connecticut that will expand solar access, energy choices and consumer savings
for families, municipalities, and businesses statewide. The demand follows today’s
Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP) technical hearing where
attendees reviewed the state’s current Shared Clean Energy Facilities pilot program.
The pilot has stalled several times over the last two years, most recently following
DEEP’s decision to scrap all the proposals they have received and issue a new
request for projects. DEEP heard from many advocates and developers at the hearing
who are frustrated with this latest delay and skeptical about the long term success
of the pilot.
The current pilot program was meant to expand solar access to Connecticut energy
customers who can’t put solar on their own roof, but it contained flaws that have
prevented any development to date. As set out in the legislation, the program
has several poor design elements and a goal too small to draw significant private
sector interest. Below are statements from stakeholders in Connecticut’s clean
energy economy:
“For years, Connecticut has missed out on the opportunity to bring solar energy
choices to all consumers and more clean energy jobs to the state,” said Sean Garren,
Northeast Regional director for Vote Solar. “Connecticut’s lackluster community
solar program hasn’t unlocked the benefits of solar access for a single resident
to date due to poor design and a lack of ambition at the scale needed, brought
about by the electric utilities’ intervention. We’re calling on the legislature
to catch up to the rest of New England — and the nation — with a smart, well-structured
community solar program designed to serve consumers statewide.”
“Two years of foot dragging and refusal by the Department of Energy and Environmental
Protection to follow the law and implement a community solar program is preventing
tens of thousands of Connecticut families from gaining access to clean, affordable,
secure solar power,” said Chris Phelps, State Director for Environment Connecticut.
“Community solar is helping other states accelerate solar growth, create jobs,
and cut pollution. Connecticut policy makers should take action now to create
a bold community solar program.”
“Shared solar programs have been sweeping the nation for the last decade, but
Connecticut has been left in the shade — losing out on healthier air, investment
dollars, and green jobs that would accompany a full-scale, statewide shared solar
program,” said Claire Coleman, Climate and Energy Attorney for Connecticut Fund
for the Environment. “DEEP’s decision to start over with the already overly-restrictive
shared solar pilot puts Connecticut further in the dark. Our climate and economy
cannot wait any longer. Connecticut’s leaders must move quickly to ramp up in-state
renewables through a full-scale shared solar program if Connecticut is going to
have any chance of meeting its obligations under the Global Warming Solutions
Act to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.”
Vote Solar is a nonprofit organization working to foster economic development
and energy independence by bringing solar energy to the mainstream nationwide.
Learn more at votesolar.org.'
- 'BEIJING: China will waive income tax for three years for foreign investors trading
the country’s new crude futures contract, the Ministry of Finance said on Tuesday,
in a bid to attract overseas capital for the much anticipated launch.
The start of trading on Monday will mark the culmination of a years-long push
by China to create Asia’s first oil futures benchmark, and is aimed at giving
the world’s biggest oil importer more clout in pricing crude sold to Asia.
It will potentially give the Shanghai International Energy Exchange, which will
operate the new contract, a share of the trillions of dollars each year in oil
futures trading.
The finance ministry said foreign brokers will be exempted from paying income
tax on commissions they earn from dealing in the new Shanghai crude futures.
The tax exemption could help encourage foreign players to engage with the new
contract, despite concerns about issues such as foreign exchange conversion and
potential capital curbs.
The number of foreign investors seeking to open non-resident accounts to allow
trading has so far been below expectations, a source at CITIC, one of eight banks
that is handling margin deposits for foreign investors, said. The source declined
to be named as he is not authorized to talk with media.
The oil market is closely watching the liquidity of the contract, as institutional
investors and brokers expect trading volumes and open interest to be relatively
small compared with China’s iron ore, copper and steel futures contracts.
China in recent days has provided more details on the contract, including margins,
trading limits and transaction fees, and has approved the use of six bonded storage
warehouses.'
datasets:
- bwang0911/reasoning_pairs_filtered_w_reason_ccnews
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
library_name: sentence-transformers
metrics:
- cosine_accuracy@1
- cosine_accuracy@3
- cosine_accuracy@5
- cosine_accuracy@10
- cosine_precision@1
- cosine_precision@3
- cosine_precision@5
- cosine_precision@10
- cosine_recall@1
- cosine_recall@3
- cosine_recall@5
- cosine_recall@10
- cosine_ndcg@10
- cosine_mrr@10
- cosine_map@100
model-index:
- name: SentenceTransformer based on google-bert/bert-base-uncased
results:
- task:
type: information-retrieval
name: Information Retrieval
dataset:
name: mteb/nfcorpus
type: mteb/nfcorpus
metrics:
- type: cosine_accuracy@1
value: 0.3126934984520124
name: Cosine Accuracy@1
- type: cosine_accuracy@3
value: 0.47678018575851394
name: Cosine Accuracy@3
- type: cosine_accuracy@5
value: 0.5325077399380805
name: Cosine Accuracy@5
- type: cosine_accuracy@10
value: 0.5975232198142415
name: Cosine Accuracy@10
- type: cosine_precision@1
value: 0.3126934984520124
name: Cosine Precision@1
- type: cosine_precision@3
value: 0.2549019607843137
name: Cosine Precision@3
- type: cosine_precision@5
value: 0.20990712074303408
name: Cosine Precision@5
- type: cosine_precision@10
value: 0.16563467492260062
name: Cosine Precision@10
- type: cosine_recall@1
value: 0.03117827434222373
name: Cosine Recall@1
- type: cosine_recall@3
value: 0.05624265377613812
name: Cosine Recall@3
- type: cosine_recall@5
value: 0.06877168791903203
name: Cosine Recall@5
- type: cosine_recall@10
value: 0.09700903168215257
name: Cosine Recall@10
- type: cosine_ndcg@10
value: 0.21852791504742514
name: Cosine Ndcg@10
- type: cosine_mrr@10
value: 0.40163890117450485
name: Cosine Mrr@10
- type: cosine_map@100
value: 0.08949558554054256
name: Cosine Map@100
- task:
type: information-retrieval
name: Information Retrieval
dataset:
name: mteb/trec covid
type: mteb/trec-covid
metrics:
- type: cosine_accuracy@1
value: 0.62
name: Cosine Accuracy@1
- type: cosine_accuracy@3
value: 0.82
name: Cosine Accuracy@3
- type: cosine_accuracy@5
value: 0.92
name: Cosine Accuracy@5
- type: cosine_accuracy@10
value: 0.94
name: Cosine Accuracy@10
- type: cosine_precision@1
value: 0.62
name: Cosine Precision@1
- type: cosine_precision@3
value: 0.5599999999999999
name: Cosine Precision@3
- type: cosine_precision@5
value: 0.5519999999999999
name: Cosine Precision@5
- type: cosine_precision@10
value: 0.512
name: Cosine Precision@10
- type: cosine_recall@1
value: 0.0005213598128605203
name: Cosine Recall@1
- type: cosine_recall@3
value: 0.0014060584814840184
name: Cosine Recall@3
- type: cosine_recall@5
value: 0.0023515414225962748
name: Cosine Recall@5
- type: cosine_recall@10
value: 0.004357324560804962
name: Cosine Recall@10
- type: cosine_ndcg@10
value: 0.5323227421340048
name: Cosine Ndcg@10
- type: cosine_mrr@10
value: 0.7306666666666668
name: Cosine Mrr@10
- type: cosine_map@100
value: 0.22987991064708832
name: Cosine Map@100
- task:
type: information-retrieval
name: Information Retrieval
dataset:
name: mteb/fiqa
type: mteb/fiqa
metrics:
- type: cosine_accuracy@1
value: 0.13734567901234568
name: Cosine Accuracy@1
- type: cosine_accuracy@3
value: 0.22839506172839505
name: Cosine Accuracy@3
- type: cosine_accuracy@5
value: 0.2700617283950617
name: Cosine Accuracy@5
- type: cosine_accuracy@10
value: 0.345679012345679
name: Cosine Accuracy@10
- type: cosine_precision@1
value: 0.13734567901234568
name: Cosine Precision@1
- type: cosine_precision@3
value: 0.09310699588477366
name: Cosine Precision@3
- type: cosine_precision@5
value: 0.06944444444444445
name: Cosine Precision@5
- type: cosine_precision@10
value: 0.04645061728395062
name: Cosine Precision@10
- type: cosine_recall@1
value: 0.0697683960415442
name: Cosine Recall@1
- type: cosine_recall@3
value: 0.12649965346724604
name: Cosine Recall@3
- type: cosine_recall@5
value: 0.15659102129009536
name: Cosine Recall@5
- type: cosine_recall@10
value: 0.19997600136489024
name: Cosine Recall@10
- type: cosine_ndcg@10
value: 0.15747637847224993
name: Cosine Ndcg@10
- type: cosine_mrr@10
value: 0.19570105820105824
name: Cosine Mrr@10
- type: cosine_map@100
value: 0.12811920879354669
name: Cosine Map@100
- task:
type: information-retrieval
name: Information Retrieval
dataset:
name: mteb/quora
type: mteb/quora
metrics:
- type: cosine_accuracy@1
value: 0.7256
name: Cosine Accuracy@1
- type: cosine_accuracy@3
value: 0.8531
name: Cosine Accuracy@3
- type: cosine_accuracy@5
value: 0.8898
name: Cosine Accuracy@5
- type: cosine_accuracy@10
value: 0.9263
name: Cosine Accuracy@10
- type: cosine_precision@1
value: 0.7256
name: Cosine Precision@1
- type: cosine_precision@3
value: 0.33316666666666667
name: Cosine Precision@3
- type: cosine_precision@5
value: 0.21984
name: Cosine Precision@5
- type: cosine_precision@10
value: 0.12146000000000004
name: Cosine Precision@10
- type: cosine_recall@1
value: 0.6303186330948595
name: Cosine Recall@1
- type: cosine_recall@3
value: 0.7900249099696033
name: Cosine Recall@3
- type: cosine_recall@5
value: 0.838050682910748
name: Cosine Recall@5
- type: cosine_recall@10
value: 0.887497633693034
name: Cosine Recall@10
- type: cosine_ndcg@10
value: 0.8013139502721578
name: Cosine Ndcg@10
- type: cosine_mrr@10
value: 0.7959599603174561
name: Cosine Mrr@10
- type: cosine_map@100
value: 0.764750227681921
name: Cosine Map@100
---
# SentenceTransformer based on google-bert/bert-base-uncased
This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model finetuned from [google-bert/bert-base-uncased](https://huggingface.co/google-bert/bert-base-uncased) on the [reason_unfiltered](https://huggingface.co/datasets/bwang0911/reasoning_pairs_filtered_w_reason_ccnews) dataset. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.
## Model Details
### Model Description
- **Model Type:** Sentence Transformer
- **Base model:** [google-bert/bert-base-uncased](https://huggingface.co/google-bert/bert-base-uncased) <!-- at revision 86b5e0934494bd15c9632b12f734a8a67f723594 -->
- **Maximum Sequence Length:** 196 tokens
- **Output Dimensionality:** 768 dimensions
- **Similarity Function:** Cosine Similarity
- **Training Dataset:**
- [reason_unfiltered](https://huggingface.co/datasets/bwang0911/reasoning_pairs_filtered_w_reason_ccnews)
<!-- - **Language:** Unknown -->
<!-- - **License:** Unknown -->
### Model Sources
- **Documentation:** [Sentence Transformers Documentation](https://sbert.net)
- **Repository:** [Sentence Transformers on GitHub](https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers)
- **Hugging Face:** [Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/models?library=sentence-transformers)
### Full Model Architecture
```
SentenceTransformer(
(0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 196, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: BertModel
(1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': True, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
)
```
## Usage
### Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)
First install the Sentence Transformers library:
```bash
pip install -U sentence-transformers
```
Then you can load this model and run inference.
```python
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("bwang0911/reasoning-bert-ccnews")
# Run inference
sentences = [
'Energy advocates call for new commitment to renewable growth',
'The piece below was submitted by CFE, VoteSolar, and Environment Connecticut in response to the latest delay in the shared solar pilot program.\nSolar and environmental advocates are calling for a new community solar program in Connecticut that will expand solar access, energy choices and consumer savings for families, municipalities, and businesses statewide. The demand follows today’s Department of Energy and Environmental Protection (DEEP) technical hearing where attendees reviewed the state’s current Shared Clean Energy Facilities pilot program. The pilot has stalled several times over the last two years, most recently following DEEP’s decision to scrap all the proposals they have received and issue a new request for projects. DEEP heard from many advocates and developers at the hearing who are frustrated with this latest delay and skeptical about the long term success of the pilot.\nThe current pilot program was meant to expand solar access to Connecticut energy customers who can’t put solar on their own roof, but it contained flaws that have prevented any development to date. As set out in the legislation, the program has several poor design elements and a goal too small to draw significant private sector interest. Below are statements from stakeholders in Connecticut’s clean energy economy:\n“For years, Connecticut has missed out on the opportunity to bring solar energy choices to all consumers and more clean energy jobs to the state,” said Sean Garren, Northeast Regional director for Vote Solar. “Connecticut’s lackluster community solar program hasn’t unlocked the benefits of solar access for a single resident to date due to poor design and a lack of ambition at the scale needed, brought about by the electric utilities’ intervention. We’re calling on the legislature to catch up to the rest of New England — and the nation — with a smart, well-structured community solar program designed to serve consumers statewide.”\n“Two years of foot dragging and refusal by the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection to follow the law and implement a community solar program is preventing tens of thousands of Connecticut families from gaining access to clean, affordable, secure solar power,” said Chris Phelps, State Director for Environment Connecticut. “Community solar is helping other states accelerate solar growth, create jobs, and cut pollution. Connecticut policy makers should take action now to create a bold community solar program.”\n“Shared solar programs have been sweeping the nation for the last decade, but Connecticut has been left in the shade — losing out on healthier air, investment dollars, and green jobs that would accompany a full-scale, statewide shared solar program,” said Claire Coleman, Climate and Energy Attorney for Connecticut Fund for the Environment. “DEEP’s decision to start over with the already overly-restrictive shared solar pilot puts Connecticut further in the dark. Our climate and economy cannot wait any longer. Connecticut’s leaders must move quickly to ramp up in-state renewables through a full-scale shared solar program if Connecticut is going to have any chance of meeting its obligations under the Global Warming Solutions Act to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.”\nVote Solar is a nonprofit organization working to foster economic development and energy independence by bringing solar energy to the mainstream nationwide. Learn more at votesolar.org.',
"The second text elaborates on the first by providing details about the specific context of the energy advocates' call for renewable growth. It identifies the advocates (CFE, VoteSolar, Environment Connecticut), the specific renewable energy program (community solar), and the reasons for their call, including program delays and design flaws.",
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 768]
# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]
```
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<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>
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## Evaluation
### Metrics
#### Information Retrieval
* Datasets: `mteb/nfcorpus`, `mteb/trec-covid`, `mteb/fiqa` and `mteb/quora`
* Evaluated with [<code>InformationRetrievalEvaluator</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/evaluation.html#sentence_transformers.evaluation.InformationRetrievalEvaluator)
| Metric | mteb/nfcorpus | mteb/trec-covid | mteb/fiqa | mteb/quora |
|:--------------------|:--------------|:----------------|:-----------|:-----------|
| cosine_accuracy@1 | 0.3127 | 0.62 | 0.1373 | 0.7256 |
| cosine_accuracy@3 | 0.4768 | 0.82 | 0.2284 | 0.8531 |
| cosine_accuracy@5 | 0.5325 | 0.92 | 0.2701 | 0.8898 |
| cosine_accuracy@10 | 0.5975 | 0.94 | 0.3457 | 0.9263 |
| cosine_precision@1 | 0.3127 | 0.62 | 0.1373 | 0.7256 |
| cosine_precision@3 | 0.2549 | 0.56 | 0.0931 | 0.3332 |
| cosine_precision@5 | 0.2099 | 0.552 | 0.0694 | 0.2198 |
| cosine_precision@10 | 0.1656 | 0.512 | 0.0465 | 0.1215 |
| cosine_recall@1 | 0.0312 | 0.0005 | 0.0698 | 0.6303 |
| cosine_recall@3 | 0.0562 | 0.0014 | 0.1265 | 0.79 |
| cosine_recall@5 | 0.0688 | 0.0024 | 0.1566 | 0.8381 |
| cosine_recall@10 | 0.097 | 0.0044 | 0.2 | 0.8875 |
| **cosine_ndcg@10** | **0.2185** | **0.5323** | **0.1575** | **0.8013** |
| cosine_mrr@10 | 0.4016 | 0.7307 | 0.1957 | 0.796 |
| cosine_map@100 | 0.0895 | 0.2299 | 0.1281 | 0.7648 |
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## Training Details
### Training Dataset
#### reason_unfiltered
* Dataset: [reason_unfiltered](https://huggingface.co/datasets/bwang0911/reasoning_pairs_filtered_w_reason_ccnews) at [2e4fb05](https://huggingface.co/datasets/bwang0911/reasoning_pairs_filtered_w_reason_ccnews/tree/2e4fb0585e862af0623b97b64d34325001b218a2)
* Size: 44,978 training samples
* Columns: <code>title</code>, <code>body</code>, and <code>reason</code>
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
| | title | body | reason |
|:--------|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| type | string | string | string |
| details | <ul><li>min: 6 tokens</li><li>mean: 15.34 tokens</li><li>max: 42 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 21 tokens</li><li>mean: 178.04 tokens</li><li>max: 196 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 28 tokens</li><li>mean: 59.19 tokens</li><li>max: 88 tokens</li></ul> |
* Samples:
| title | body | reason |
|:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| <code>Fight Leaves Wayne Simmonds Shirtless</code> | <code>Reed Saxon/AP Images<br>Kevin Bieksa and Wayne Simmonds dropped the gloves just 95 seconds into last night’s 4-3 Ducks shootout win over the Flyers, and Bieksa immediately yanked his opponent’s jersey over his head, to the delight of the crowd and to grins from Simmonds and the officials.<br>That’s not supposed to happen. NHL players wear something called a fight strap, which binds the back of the jersey to the pants, preventing the jersey from being pulled off. (Losing a jersey is an advantage in a fight, as it gives the shirtless player’s opponent nothing to grab on to. Sabres enforcer Rob Ray was notorious for losing his gear in a fight, occasionally taking it off himself before clinching.) Any player who engaged in a fight without wearing a fight strap is subject to an automatic game misconduct.<br>Advertisement<br>Simmonds wasn’t ejected, though; at the one-minute mark of the video above, you can see he did have his fight strap properly attached. It just broke, which happens on occasion.</code> | <code>The article describes a hockey fight involving Wayne Simmonds, confirming the title's claim. It details the fight, including Simmonds' jersey being pulled off, and explains the rules and context around the incident, directly elaborating on the event suggested by the title.</code> |
| <code>Merck CEO Kenneth Frazier ditches Trump over Charlottesville silence</code> | <code>Merck CEO Kenneth C. Frazier resigned from the president’s council on manufacturing Monday in direct protest of President Donald Trump’s lack of condemnation of white nationalist actions in Charlottesville, Va. over the weekend.<br>In a statement, Frazier, who is African-American, said he believes the country’s strength comes from the diversity of its citizens and that he feels personally compelled to stand up for that diversity and against intolerance.<br>“America’s leaders must honor our fundamental values by clearly rejecting expressions of hatred, bigotry and group supremacy, which run counter to the American ideal that all people are created equal,” he wrote. “As CEO of Merck, and as a matter of personal conscience, I feel a responsibility to take a stand against intolerance and extremism.”<br>RELATED: At least one death has been confirmed after a car plowed into a crowd of protesters in Charlottesville<br>Trump immediately fired back at Frazier on Twitter, saying the Merck CEO now “will have...</code> | <code>The second text provides a detailed elaboration of the first. It explains the context of Kenneth Frazier's resignation, the reasons behind it (Trump's silence on Charlottesville), and includes Frazier's statement. It also provides additional background information about Frazier and the President's Manufacturing Council.</code> |
| <code>Lightning's Braydon Coburn: Joining road trip</code> | <code>Coburn (lower body) will travel with the team on its upcoming four-game road trip and is hoping to play at some point in the second half of the trip, Bryan Burns of the Lightning's official site reports.<br>The veteran blueliner is yet to play in the month of December, having already missed four games. However, the fact that Coburn is traveling with the team and has been given a chance to play at some point within the next week will be music to the ears of fantasy owners who benefited from Coburn's surprising production -- seven points in 25 games -- earlier in the season. Keep an eye out for updates as the trip progresses.</code> | <code>The second text elaborates on the first by providing details about Braydon Coburn's situation. It specifies that he will join the team on a road trip and offers context about his injury, recovery timeline, and potential for playing, directly expanding on the initial announcement.</code> |
* Loss: [<code>ReasoningGuidedRankingLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#reasoningguidedrankingloss) with these parameters:
```json
{
"scale": 20.0,
"similarity_fct": "cos_sim"
}
```
### Training Hyperparameters
#### Non-Default Hyperparameters
- `eval_strategy`: steps
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 256
- `learning_rate`: 1e-05
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.1
- `fp16`: True
- `batch_sampler`: no_duplicates
#### All Hyperparameters
<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>
- `overwrite_output_dir`: False
- `do_predict`: False
- `eval_strategy`: steps
- `prediction_loss_only`: True
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 256
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 8
- `per_gpu_train_batch_size`: None
- `per_gpu_eval_batch_size`: None
- `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 1
- `eval_accumulation_steps`: None
- `torch_empty_cache_steps`: None
- `learning_rate`: 1e-05
- `weight_decay`: 0.0
- `adam_beta1`: 0.9
- `adam_beta2`: 0.999
- `adam_epsilon`: 1e-08
- `max_grad_norm`: 1.0
- `num_train_epochs`: 3
- `max_steps`: -1
- `lr_scheduler_type`: linear
- `lr_scheduler_kwargs`: {}
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.1
- `warmup_steps`: 0
- `log_level`: passive
- `log_level_replica`: warning
- `log_on_each_node`: True
- `logging_nan_inf_filter`: True
- `save_safetensors`: True
- `save_on_each_node`: False
- `save_only_model`: False
- `restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint`: False
- `no_cuda`: False
- `use_cpu`: False
- `use_mps_device`: False
- `seed`: 42
- `data_seed`: None
- `jit_mode_eval`: False
- `use_ipex`: False
- `bf16`: False
- `fp16`: True
- `fp16_opt_level`: O1
- `half_precision_backend`: auto
- `bf16_full_eval`: False
- `fp16_full_eval`: False
- `tf32`: None
- `local_rank`: 0
- `ddp_backend`: None
- `tpu_num_cores`: None
- `tpu_metrics_debug`: False
- `debug`: []
- `dataloader_drop_last`: False
- `dataloader_num_workers`: 0
- `dataloader_prefetch_factor`: None
- `past_index`: -1
- `disable_tqdm`: False
- `remove_unused_columns`: True
- `label_names`: None
- `load_best_model_at_end`: False
- `ignore_data_skip`: False
- `fsdp`: []
- `fsdp_min_num_params`: 0
- `fsdp_config`: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
- `tp_size`: 0
- `fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap`: None
- `accelerator_config`: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
- `deepspeed`: None
- `label_smoothing_factor`: 0.0
- `optim`: adamw_torch
- `optim_args`: None
- `adafactor`: False
- `group_by_length`: False
- `length_column_name`: length
- `ddp_find_unused_parameters`: None
- `ddp_bucket_cap_mb`: None
- `ddp_broadcast_buffers`: False
- `dataloader_pin_memory`: True
- `dataloader_persistent_workers`: False
- `skip_memory_metrics`: True
- `use_legacy_prediction_loop`: False
- `push_to_hub`: False
- `resume_from_checkpoint`: None
- `hub_model_id`: None
- `hub_strategy`: every_save
- `hub_private_repo`: None
- `hub_always_push`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing_kwargs`: None
- `include_inputs_for_metrics`: False
- `include_for_metrics`: []
- `eval_do_concat_batches`: True
- `fp16_backend`: auto
- `push_to_hub_model_id`: None
- `push_to_hub_organization`: None
- `mp_parameters`:
- `auto_find_batch_size`: False
- `full_determinism`: False
- `torchdynamo`: None
- `ray_scope`: last
- `ddp_timeout`: 1800
- `torch_compile`: False
- `torch_compile_backend`: None
- `torch_compile_mode`: None
- `dispatch_batches`: None
- `split_batches`: None
- `include_tokens_per_second`: False
- `include_num_input_tokens_seen`: False
- `neftune_noise_alpha`: None
- `optim_target_modules`: None
- `batch_eval_metrics`: False
- `eval_on_start`: False
- `use_liger_kernel`: False
- `eval_use_gather_object`: False
- `average_tokens_across_devices`: False
- `prompts`: None
- `batch_sampler`: no_duplicates
- `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: proportional
</details>
### Training Logs
| Epoch | Step | Training Loss | mteb/nfcorpus_cosine_ndcg@10 | mteb/trec-covid_cosine_ndcg@10 | mteb/fiqa_cosine_ndcg@10 | mteb/quora_cosine_ndcg@10 |
|:------:|:----:|:-------------:|:----------------------------:|:------------------------------:|:------------------------:|:-------------------------:|
| -1 | -1 | - | 0.0583 | 0.2174 | 0.0237 | 0.6103 |
| 0.0568 | 10 | 3.443 | - | - | - | - |
| 0.1136 | 20 | 2.9692 | - | - | - | - |
| 0.1705 | 30 | 2.1061 | - | - | - | - |
| 0.2273 | 40 | 1.3012 | 0.0901 | 0.3585 | 0.0642 | 0.7024 |
| 0.2841 | 50 | 0.9825 | - | - | - | - |
| 0.3409 | 60 | 0.7112 | - | - | - | - |
| 0.3977 | 70 | 0.5853 | - | - | - | - |
| 0.4545 | 80 | 0.5555 | 0.1714 | 0.5160 | 0.1287 | 0.7800 |
| 0.5114 | 90 | 0.4633 | - | - | - | - |
| 0.5682 | 100 | 0.4216 | - | - | - | - |
| 0.625 | 110 | 0.3846 | - | - | - | - |
| 0.6818 | 120 | 0.4017 | 0.1923 | 0.5446 | 0.1417 | 0.7890 |
| 0.7386 | 130 | 0.3606 | - | - | - | - |
| 0.7955 | 140 | 0.3731 | - | - | - | - |
| 0.8523 | 150 | 0.3451 | - | - | - | - |
| 0.9091 | 160 | 0.3352 | 0.2017 | 0.5343 | 0.1472 | 0.7951 |
| 0.9659 | 170 | 0.3364 | - | - | - | - |
| 1.0227 | 180 | 0.2606 | - | - | - | - |
| 1.0795 | 190 | 0.2627 | - | - | - | - |
| 1.1364 | 200 | 0.2641 | 0.2065 | 0.5449 | 0.1499 | 0.7963 |
| 1.1932 | 210 | 0.2448 | - | - | - | - |
| 1.25 | 220 | 0.2394 | - | - | - | - |
| 1.3068 | 230 | 0.2433 | - | - | - | - |
| 1.3636 | 240 | 0.2236 | 0.2096 | 0.5432 | 0.1519 | 0.7975 |
| 1.4205 | 250 | 0.221 | - | - | - | - |
| 1.4773 | 260 | 0.2215 | - | - | - | - |
| 1.5341 | 270 | 0.2291 | - | - | - | - |
| 1.5909 | 280 | 0.2433 | 0.2102 | 0.5322 | 0.1543 | 0.7994 |
| 1.6477 | 290 | 0.219 | - | - | - | - |
| 1.7045 | 300 | 0.2207 | - | - | - | - |
| 1.7614 | 310 | 0.2102 | - | - | - | - |
| 1.8182 | 320 | 0.2138 | 0.2163 | 0.5289 | 0.1553 | 0.8006 |
| 1.875 | 330 | 0.2076 | - | - | - | - |
| 1.9318 | 340 | 0.2076 | - | - | - | - |
| 1.9886 | 350 | 0.2066 | - | - | - | - |
| 2.0455 | 360 | 0.2046 | 0.2154 | 0.5339 | 0.1558 | 0.8006 |
| 2.1023 | 370 | 0.1844 | - | - | - | - |
| 2.1591 | 380 | 0.17 | - | - | - | - |
| 2.2159 | 390 | 0.1913 | - | - | - | - |
| 2.2727 | 400 | 0.165 | 0.2165 | 0.5339 | 0.1547 | 0.8014 |
| 2.3295 | 410 | 0.1878 | - | - | - | - |
| 2.3864 | 420 | 0.1841 | - | - | - | - |
| 2.4432 | 430 | 0.1683 | - | - | - | - |
| 2.5 | 440 | 0.1767 | 0.2178 | 0.5307 | 0.1565 | 0.8014 |
| 2.5568 | 450 | 0.1627 | - | - | - | - |
| 2.6136 | 460 | 0.161 | - | - | - | - |
| 2.6705 | 470 | 0.1717 | - | - | - | - |
| 2.7273 | 480 | 0.1832 | 0.2169 | 0.5341 | 0.1570 | 0.8012 |
| 2.7841 | 490 | 0.1673 | - | - | - | - |
| 2.8409 | 500 | 0.1517 | - | - | - | - |
| 2.8977 | 510 | 0.1797 | - | - | - | - |
| 2.9545 | 520 | 0.1862 | 0.2185 | 0.5323 | 0.1575 | 0.8013 |
### Framework Versions
- Python: 3.10.12
- Sentence Transformers: 3.5.0.dev0
- Transformers: 4.50.0
- PyTorch: 2.6.0+cu124
- Accelerate: 1.5.2
- Datasets: 3.4.1
- Tokenizers: 0.21.1
## Citation
### BibTeX
#### Sentence Transformers
```bibtex
@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
month = "11",
year = "2019",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}
```
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