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### Model Description
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<!-- Provide a longer summary of what this model is. -->
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This is the model card of a π€ transformers model that has been pushed on the Hub. This model card has been automatically generated.
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- **Developed by:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Funded by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Shared by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Model type:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Language(s) (NLP):** [More Information Needed]
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- **License:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Finetuned from model [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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### Model Sources [optional]
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<!-- Provide the basic links for the model. -->
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- **Repository:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Paper [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Demo [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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## Uses
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<!-- Address questions around how the model is intended to be used, including the foreseeable users of the model and those affected by the model. -->
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### Direct Use
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<!-- This section is for the model use without fine-tuning or plugging into a larger ecosystem/app. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Downstream Use [optional]
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<!-- This section is for the model use when fine-tuned for a task, or when plugged into a larger ecosystem/app -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Out-of-Scope Use
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<!-- This section addresses misuse, malicious use, and uses that the model will not work well for. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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## Bias, Risks, and Limitations
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<!-- This section is meant to convey both technical and sociotechnical limitations. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Recommendations
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<!-- This section is meant to convey recommendations with respect to the bias, risk, and technical limitations. -->
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Users (both direct and downstream) should be made aware of the risks, biases and limitations of the model. More information needed for further recommendations.
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## How to Get Started with the Model
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Use the code below to get started with the model.
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[More Information Needed]
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## Training Details
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### Training Data
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<!-- This should link to a Dataset Card, perhaps with a short stub of information on what the training data is all about as well as documentation related to data pre-processing or additional filtering. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Training Procedure
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<!-- This relates heavily to the Technical Specifications. Content here should link to that section when it is relevant to the training procedure. -->
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#### Preprocessing [optional]
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Training Hyperparameters
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- **Training regime:** [More Information Needed] <!--fp32, fp16 mixed precision, bf16 mixed precision, bf16 non-mixed precision, fp16 non-mixed precision, fp8 mixed precision -->
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#### Speeds, Sizes, Times [optional]
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<!-- This section provides information about throughput, start/end time, checkpoint size if relevant, etc. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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## Evaluation
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<!-- This section describes the evaluation protocols and provides the results. -->
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### Testing Data, Factors & Metrics
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#### Testing Data
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<!-- This should link to a Dataset Card if possible. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Factors
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<!-- These are the things the evaluation is disaggregating by, e.g., subpopulations or domains. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Metrics
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<!-- These are the evaluation metrics being used, ideally with a description of why. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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### Results
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[More Information Needed]
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#### Summary
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## Model Examination [optional]
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<!-- Relevant interpretability work for the model goes here -->
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[More Information Needed]
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## Environmental Impact
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<!-- Total emissions (in grams of CO2eq) and additional considerations, such as electricity usage, go here. Edit the suggested text below accordingly -->
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Carbon emissions can be estimated using the [Machine Learning Impact calculator](https://mlco2.github.io/impact#compute) presented in [Lacoste et al. (2019)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09700).
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###
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base_model:
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- google/flan-t5-small
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- google/flan-t5-large
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- google/flan-t5-xl
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## π§ Flan-T5-{Small|Large|XL}-RPO
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> π¬ Fine-tuned with **Reward Partitioning Optimization (RPO)** β a value-free, stable method for single-trajectory reinforcement learning with scalar feedback.
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---
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### π Model Summary
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This model is a fine-tuned variant of the [Flan-T5](https://huggingface.co/google/flan-t5) {Small|Large|XL} checkpoint, trained using **Reward Partitioning Optimization (RPO)**. RPO is a new method designed for learning from single-trajectory scalar feedback (e.g., thumbs up/down), and eliminates the need for learning value functions or preference pairs.
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* β
Trained with only (prompt, response, reward) triplets.
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* π No joint optimization, no auxiliary models.
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* π Efficient and stable training.
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* π€ Strong preference alignment (evaluated by LLM-as-a-judge).
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* π Outperforms KTO and DRO in automatic metrics and LLM preference winrate.
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---
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### π§ͺ Training Details
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* **Base Model:** `flan-t5-{small|large|xl}`
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* **Dataset:** [UltraFeedback](https://huggingface.co/datasets/openbmb/UltraFeedback) β high-quality (prompt, response, reward) triplets with multiple completions per prompt.
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* **Feedback Format:** scalar reward (e.g., \[prompt, response, reward]).
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* **GPU Used:** 1Γ A100 (80GB)
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* **Training Objective:** RPO supervised learning using partitioned reward normalization.
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* **Baselines Compared:** DRO and KTO.
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---
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### π€ Inference
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```python
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from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForSeq2SeqLM
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import torch
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device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
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model_name = "bilalfaye/flan-t5-{small|large|xl}-rpo"
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tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name)
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model = AutoModelForSeq2SeqLM.from_pretrained(model_name).to(device)
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prompt = "How can I improve my productivity working from home?"
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inputs = tokenizer(prompt, return_tensors="pt").to(device)
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outputs = model.generate(
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input_ids=inputs["input_ids"],
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max_new_tokens=128,
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do_sample=True,
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temperature=0.7,
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top_k=50,
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top_p=0.95,
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repetition_penalty=1.2,
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no_repeat_ngram_size=3,
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)
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response = tokenizer.batch_decode(outputs, skip_special_tokens=True)[0]
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print(response)
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```
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---
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### π Evaluation Summary
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| Judge | Win Rate vs DRO | Win Rate vs KTO | Win Rate vs SFT |
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| ------- | --------------- | --------------- | --------------- |
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| Mistral | β
**83β93%** | β
**82β93%** | β
**82β84%** |
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| LLaMA | β
**67β74%** | β
**65β72%** | β
**63β73%** |
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---
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### β
Use Cases
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* Aligned conversational agents
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* Helpful, non-toxic instruction following
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* Scalar feedback training pipelines
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* Preference-optimized generation (without pairwise preference labels)
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---
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### π Citation
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If you use this model, please cite the following paper:
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```bibtex
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@article{faye2024rpo,
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title = {Value-Free Policy Optimization via Reward Partitioning},
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author = {Bilal Faye and Hanane Azzag and Mustapha Lebbah},
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journal = {arXiv preprint arXiv:2406.XXXX},
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year = {2024}
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}
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```
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---
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### π Related Models
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* `bilalfaye/flan-t5-small-rpo`
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* `bilalfaye/flan-t5-large-rpo`
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* `bilalfaye/flan-t5-xl-rpo`
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