---
library_name: transformers
tags: []
---

# Model Card for Model ID

SegFormer model with a MiT-b2 backbone fine-tuned on Coralscapes at resolution 1024x1024, as introduced in ...


## Model Details

### Model Description

Training is conducted following the Segformer original [implementation](https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper_files/paper/2021/file/64f1f27bf1b4ec22924fd0acb550c235-Paper.pdf), using a batch size of 8 for 265 epochs, 
using the AdamW optimizer with an initial learning rate of 6e-5, weight decay of 1e-2 and polynomial learning rate scheduler with a power of 1. 
During training, images are randomly scaled within a range of 1 and 2, flipped horizontally with a 0.5 probability and randomly cropped to 1024×1024 pixels. 
Input images are normalized using the ImageNet mean and standard deviation. For evaluation, a non-overlapping sliding window strategy is employed, 
using a window size of 1024x1024. 
<!-- TODO - We used a stride of 1024 but in the demo it is variable. Should we move this entire section to training below? -->

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- **Funded by [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Model type:** [More Information Needed]
- **License:** [More Information Needed]
- **Finetuned from model:** [SegFormer (b2-sized) encoder pre-trained-only (`nvidia/mit-b2`)](https://huggingface.co/nvidia/mit-b2)

### Model Sources [optional]

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- **Repository:** [coralscapesScripts](https://github.com/eceo-epfl/coralscapesScripts/)
- **Paper [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
- **Demo** [Hugging Face Spaces](https://huggingface.co/spaces/EPFL-ECEO/coralscapes_demo):

## Uses

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### Direct Use

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### Downstream Use [optional]

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### Out-of-Scope Use

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## Bias, Risks, and Limitations

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### Recommendations

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Users (both direct and downstream) should be made aware of the risks, biases and limitations of the model. More information needed for further recommendations.

## How to Get Started with the Model

The simplest way to use this model to segment an image of the Coralscapes dataset is as follows:

```python
from transformers import SegformerImageProcessor, SegformerForSemanticSegmentation
from PIL import Image
from datasets import load_dataset

# Load an image from the coralscapes dataset or load your own image 
dataset = load_dataset("EPFL-ECEO/coralscapes") 
image = dataset["test"][42]["image"]

preprocessor = SegformerImageProcessor.from_pretrained("EPFL-ECEO/segformer-b2-finetuned-coralscapes-1024-1024")
model = SegformerForSemanticSegmentation.from_pretrained("EPFL-ECEO/segformer-b2-finetuned-coralscapes-1024-1024")

inputs = preprocessor(image, return_tensors = "pt")
outputs = model(**inputs)
outputs = preprocessor.post_process_semantic_segmentation(outputs, target_sizes=[(image.size[1], image.size[0])])
label_pred = outputs[0].cpu().numpy()
```

While using the above approach should still work for images of different sizes and scales, for images that are not close to the training size of the model (1024x1024), 
we recommend using the following approach using a sliding window to achieve better results:

```python
import torch 
import torch.nn.functional as F
from transformers import SegformerImageProcessor, SegformerForSemanticSegmentation
from PIL import Image
from datasets import load_dataset
import numpy as np

def resize_image(image, target_size=1024):
    """
    Used to resize the image such that the smaller side equals 1024
    """
    h_img, w_img = image.size
    if h_img < w_img:
        new_h, new_w = target_size, int(w_img * (target_size / h_img))
    else:
        new_h, new_w  = int(h_img * (target_size / w_img)), target_size
    resized_img = image.resize((new_h, new_w))
    return resized_img

def segment_image(image, preprocessor, model, crop_size = (1024, 1024), num_classes = 40, transform=None):
    """
    Finds an optimal stride based on the image size and aspect ratio to create
    overlapping sliding windows of size 1024x1024 which are then fed into the model.  
    """ 
    h_crop, w_crop = crop_size
    
    img = torch.Tensor(np.array(resize_image(image, target_size=1024)).transpose(2, 0, 1)).unsqueeze(0)
    batch_size, _, h_img, w_img = img.size()
    
    if transform:
        img = torch.Tensor(transform(image = img.numpy())["image"]).to(device)    
        
    h_grids = int(np.round(3/2*h_img/h_crop)) if h_img > h_crop else 1
    w_grids = int(np.round(3/2*w_img/w_crop)) if w_img > w_crop else 1
    
    h_stride = int((h_img - h_crop + h_grids -1)/(h_grids -1)) if h_grids > 1 else h_crop
    w_stride = int((w_img - w_crop + w_grids -1)/(w_grids -1)) if w_grids > 1 else w_crop
    
    preds = img.new_zeros((batch_size, num_classes, h_img, w_img))
    count_mat = img.new_zeros((batch_size, 1, h_img, w_img))
    
    for h_idx in range(h_grids):
        for w_idx in range(w_grids):
          y1 = h_idx * h_stride
          x1 = w_idx * w_stride
          y2 = min(y1 + h_crop, h_img)
          x2 = min(x1 + w_crop, w_img)
          y1 = max(y2 - h_crop, 0)
          x1 = max(x2 - w_crop, 0)
          crop_img = img[:, :, y1:y2, x1:x2]
          with torch.no_grad():
            if(preprocessor):
                inputs = preprocessor(crop_img, return_tensors = "pt")
                inputs["pixel_values"] = inputs["pixel_values"].to(device)
            else:
                inputs = crop_img.to(device)
            outputs = model(**inputs)

          resized_logits = F.interpolate(
              outputs.logits[0].unsqueeze(dim=0), size=crop_img.shape[-2:], mode="bilinear", align_corners=False
          )
          preds += F.pad(resized_logits,
                          (int(x1), int(preds.shape[3] - x2), int(y1),
                          int(preds.shape[2] - y2)))
          count_mat[:, :, y1:y2, x1:x2] += 1
    
    assert (count_mat == 0).sum() == 0
    preds = preds / count_mat
    preds = preds.argmax(dim=1)
    preds = F.interpolate(preds.unsqueeze(0).type(torch.uint8), size=image.size[::-1], mode='nearest')
    label_pred = preds.squeeze().cpu().numpy()
    return label_pred

# Load an image from the coralscapes dataset or load your own image 
dataset = load_dataset("EPFL-ECEO/coralscapes") 
image = dataset["test"][42]["image"]

preprocessor = SegformerImageProcessor.from_pretrained("EPFL-ECEO/segformer-b2-finetuned-coralscapes-1024-1024")
model = SegformerForSemanticSegmentation.from_pretrained("EPFL-ECEO/segformer-b2-finetuned-coralscapes-1024-1024")

label_pred = segment_image(image, preprocessor, model)
```

## Training Details

### Training Data

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### Training Procedure

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#### Preprocessing [optional]

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#### Training Hyperparameters

- **Training regime:** [More Information Needed] <!--fp32, fp16 mixed precision, bf16 mixed precision, bf16 non-mixed precision, fp16 non-mixed precision, fp8 mixed precision -->

#### Speeds, Sizes, Times [optional]

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## Evaluation

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### Testing Data, Factors & Metrics

#### Testing Data

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#### Factors

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#### Metrics

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### Results

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#### Summary



## Model Examination [optional]

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## Environmental Impact

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Carbon emissions can be estimated using the [Machine Learning Impact calculator](https://mlco2.github.io/impact#compute) presented in [Lacoste et al. (2019)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09700).

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## Technical Specifications [optional]

### Model Architecture and Objective

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### Compute Infrastructure

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#### Hardware

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#### Software

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## Citation [optional]

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**APA:**

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## Glossary [optional]

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