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README.md
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base_model: google/gemma-3-27b-it
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license: gemma
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tags:
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- gemma3
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- google
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pipeline_tag: image-text-to-text
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library_name: transformers
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To access Gemma on Hugging Face, you’re required to review and agree to
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Google’s usage license. To do this, please ensure you’re logged in to Hugging
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Face and click below. Requests are processed immediately.
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extra_gated_button_content: Acknowledge license
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---
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> **The checkpoint in this repository is unquantized, please make sure to quantize with Q4_0 with your favorite tool**
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>
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> Thanks to QAT, the model is able to preserve similar quality as `bfloat16` while significantly reducing the memory requirements
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> to load the model.
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* [Gemma 3 Technical Report][g3-tech-report]
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* [Responsible Generative AI Toolkit][rai-toolkit]
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* [Gemma on Kaggle][kaggle-gemma]
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* [Gemma on Vertex Model Garden][vertex-mg-gemma3]
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##
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### Description
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Gemma is a family of lightweight, state-of-the-art open models from Google,
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built from the same research and technology used to create the Gemini models.
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Gemma 3 models are multimodal, handling text and image input and generating text
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output, with open weights for both pre-trained variants and instruction-tuned
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variants. Gemma 3 has a large, 128K context window, multilingual support in over
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140 languages, and is available in more sizes than previous versions. Gemma 3
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models are well-suited for a variety of text generation and image understanding
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tasks, including question answering, summarization, and reasoning. Their
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relatively small size makes it possible to deploy them in environments with
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limited resources such as laptops, desktops or your own cloud infrastructure,
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democratizing access to state of the art AI models and helping foster innovation
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for everyone.
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### Inputs and outputs
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- **Input:**
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- Text string, such as a question, a prompt, or a document to be summarized
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- Images, normalized to 896 x 896 resolution and encoded to 256 tokens
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each
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- Total input context of 128K tokens for the 4B, 12B, and 27B sizes, and
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32K tokens for the 1B size
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- **Output:**
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- Generated text in response to the input, such as an answer to a
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question, analysis of image content, or a summary of a document
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- Total output context of 8192 tokens
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### Citation
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```none
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@article{gemma_2025,
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title={Gemma 3},
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url={https://goo.gle/Gemma3Report},
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publisher={Kaggle},
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author={Gemma Team},
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year={2025}
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}
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```
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## Model Data
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Data used for model training and how the data was processed.
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### Training Dataset
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These models were trained on a dataset of text data that includes a wide variety
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of sources. The 27B model was trained with 14 trillion tokens, the 12B model was
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trained with 12 trillion tokens, 4B model was trained with 4 trillion tokens and
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1B with 2 trillion tokens. Here are the key components:
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- Web Documents: A diverse collection of web text ensures the model is
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exposed to a broad range of linguistic styles, topics, and vocabulary. The
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training dataset includes content in over 140 languages.
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- Code: Exposing the model to code helps it to learn the syntax and
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patterns of programming languages, which improves its ability to generate
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code and understand code-related questions.
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- Mathematics: Training on mathematical text helps the model learn logical
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reasoning, symbolic representation, and to address mathematical queries.
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- Images: A wide range of images enables the model to perform image
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analysis and visual data extraction tasks.
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The combination of these diverse data sources is crucial for training a powerful
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multimodal model that can handle a wide variety of different tasks and data
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formats.
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### Data Preprocessing
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Here are the key data cleaning and filtering methods applied to the training
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data:
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- CSAM Filtering: Rigorous CSAM (Child Sexual Abuse Material) filtering
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was applied at multiple stages in the data preparation process to ensure
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the exclusion of harmful and illegal content.
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- Sensitive Data Filtering: As part of making Gemma pre-trained models
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safe and reliable, automated techniques were used to filter out certain
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personal information and other sensitive data from training sets.
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- Additional methods: Filtering based on content quality and safety in
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line with [our policies][safety-policies].
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## Implementation Information
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Details about the model internals.
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### Hardware
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Gemma was trained using [Tensor Processing Unit (TPU)][tpu] hardware (TPUv4p,
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TPUv5p and TPUv5e). Training vision-language models (VLMS) requires significant
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computational power. TPUs, designed specifically for matrix operations common in
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machine learning, offer several advantages in this domain:
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- Performance: TPUs are specifically designed to handle the massive
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computations involved in training VLMs. They can speed up training
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considerably compared to CPUs.
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- Memory: TPUs often come with large amounts of high-bandwidth memory,
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allowing for the handling of large models and batch sizes during training.
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This can lead to better model quality.
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- Scalability: TPU Pods (large clusters of TPUs) provide a scalable
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solution for handling the growing complexity of large foundation models.
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You can distribute training across multiple TPU devices for faster and more
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efficient processing.
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- Cost-effectiveness: In many scenarios, TPUs can provide a more
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cost-effective solution for training large models compared to CPU-based
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infrastructure, especially when considering the time and resources saved
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due to faster training.
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- These advantages are aligned with
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[Google's commitments to operate sustainably][sustainability].
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### Software
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Training was done using [JAX][jax] and [ML Pathways][ml-pathways].
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JAX allows researchers to take advantage of the latest generation of hardware,
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including TPUs, for faster and more efficient training of large models. ML
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Pathways is Google's latest effort to build artificially intelligent systems
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capable of generalizing across multiple tasks. This is specially suitable for
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foundation models, including large language models like these ones.
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Together, JAX and ML Pathways are used as described in the
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[paper about the Gemini family of models][gemini-2-paper]; *"the 'single
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controller' programming model of Jax and Pathways allows a single Python
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process to orchestrate the entire training run, dramatically simplifying the
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development workflow."*
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## Evaluation
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> [!Note]
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> The evaluation in this section correspond to the original checkpoint, not the QAT checkpoint.
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Model evaluation metrics and results.
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### Benchmark Results
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These models were evaluated against a large collection of different datasets and
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metrics to cover different aspects of text generation:
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#### Reasoning and factuality
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| Benchmark | Metric | Gemma 3 PT 1B | Gemma 3 PT 4B | Gemma 3 PT 12B | Gemma 3 PT 27B |
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| ------------------------------ |----------------|:--------------:|:-------------:|:--------------:|:--------------:|
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| [HellaSwag][hellaswag] | 10-shot | 62.3 | 77.2 | 84.2 | 85.6 |
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| [BoolQ][boolq] | 0-shot | 63.2 | 72.3 | 78.8 | 82.4 |
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| [PIQA][piqa] | 0-shot | 73.8 | 79.6 | 81.8 | 83.3 |
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| [SocialIQA][socialiqa] | 0-shot | 48.9 | 51.9 | 53.4 | 54.9 |
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| [TriviaQA][triviaqa] | 5-shot | 39.8 | 65.8 | 78.2 | 85.5 |
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| [Natural Questions][naturalq] | 5-shot | 9.48 | 20.0 | 31.4 | 36.1 |
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| [ARC-c][arc] | 25-shot | 38.4 | 56.2 | 68.9 | 70.6 |
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| [ARC-e][arc] | 0-shot | 73.0 | 82.4 | 88.3 | 89.0 |
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| [WinoGrande][winogrande] | 5-shot | 58.2 | 64.7 | 74.3 | 78.8 |
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| [BIG-Bench Hard][bbh] | few-shot | 28.4 | 50.9 | 72.6 | 77.7 |
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| [DROP][drop] | 1-shot | 42.4 | 60.1 | 72.2 | 77.2 |
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[hellaswag]: https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.07830
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[boolq]: https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.10044
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[piqa]: https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.11641
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[socialiqa]: https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.09728
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[triviaqa]: https://arxiv.org/abs/1705.03551
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[naturalq]: https://github.com/google-research-datasets/natural-questions
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[arc]: https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.01547
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[winogrande]: https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.10641
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[bbh]: https://paperswithcode.com/dataset/bbh
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[drop]: https://arxiv.org/abs/1903.00161
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#### STEM and code
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| Benchmark | Metric | Gemma 3 PT 4B | Gemma 3 PT 12B | Gemma 3 PT 27B |
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| ------------------------------ |----------------|:-------------:|:--------------:|:--------------:|
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| [MMLU][mmlu] | 5-shot | 59.6 | 74.5 | 78.6 |
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| [MMLU][mmlu] (Pro COT) | 5-shot | 29.2 | 45.3 | 52.2 |
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| [AGIEval][agieval] | 3-5-shot | 42.1 | 57.4 | 66.2 |
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| [MATH][math] | 4-shot | 24.2 | 43.3 | 50.0 |
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| [GSM8K][gsm8k] | 8-shot | 38.4 | 71.0 | 82.6 |
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| [GPQA][gpqa] | 5-shot | 15.0 | 25.4 | 24.3 |
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| [MBPP][mbpp] | 3-shot | 46.0 | 60.4 | 65.6 |
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| [HumanEval][humaneval] | 0-shot | 36.0 | 45.7 | 48.8 |
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[mmlu]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.03300
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[agieval]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.06364
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[math]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.03874
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[gsm8k]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.14168
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[gpqa]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.12022
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[mbpp]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.07732
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[humaneval]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2107.03374
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#### Multilingual
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| Benchmark | Gemma 3 PT 1B | Gemma 3 PT 4B | Gemma 3 PT 12B | Gemma 3 PT 27B |
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| [MGSM][mgsm] | 2.04 | 34.7 | 64.3 | 74.3 |
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| [Global-MMLU-Lite][global-mmlu-lite] | 24.9 | 57.0 | 69.4 | 75.7 |
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| [WMT24++][wmt24pp] (ChrF) | 36.7 | 48.4 | 53.9 | 55.7 |
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| [FloRes][flores] | 29.5 | 39.2 | 46.0 | 48.8 |
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| [XQuAD][xquad] (all) | 43.9 | 68.0 | 74.5 | 76.8 |
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| [ECLeKTic][eclektic] | 4.69 | 11.0 | 17.2 | 24.4 |
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| [IndicGenBench][indicgenbench] | 41.4 | 57.2 | 61.7 | 63.4 |
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[mgsm]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.03057
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[flores]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.03193
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[xquad]: https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.11856v3
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[global-mmlu-lite]: https://huggingface.co/datasets/CohereForAI/Global-MMLU-Lite
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[wmt24pp]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.12404v1
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[eclektic]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.21228
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[indicgenbench]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.16816
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#### Multimodal
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| Benchmark | Gemma 3 PT 4B | Gemma 3 PT 12B | Gemma 3 PT 27B |
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| [COCOcap][coco-cap] | 102 | 111 | 116 |
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| [DocVQA][docvqa] (val) | 72.8 | 82.3 | 85.6 |
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| [InfoVQA][info-vqa] (val) | 44.1 | 54.8 | 59.4 |
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| [MMMU][mmmu] (pt) | 39.2 | 50.3 | 56.1 |
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| [TextVQA][textvqa] (val) | 58.9 | 66.5 | 68.6 |
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| [RealWorldQA][realworldqa] | 45.5 | 52.2 | 53.9 |
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| [ReMI][remi] | 27.3 | 38.5 | 44.8 |
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| [AI2D][ai2d] | 63.2 | 75.2 | 79.0 |
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| [ChartQA][chartqa] | 63.6 | 74.7 | 76.3 |
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| [VQAv2][vqav2] | 63.9 | 71.2 | 72.9 |
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| [BLINK][blinkvqa] | 38.0 | 35.9 | 39.6 |
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| [OKVQA][okvqa] | 51.0 | 58.7 | 60.2 |
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| [TallyQA][tallyqa] | 42.5 | 51.8 | 54.3 |
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| [SpatialSense VQA][ss-vqa] | 50.9 | 60.0 | 59.4 |
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| [CountBenchQA][countbenchqa] | 26.1 | 17.8 | 68.0 |
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[coco-cap]: https://cocodataset.org/#home
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[docvqa]: https://www.docvqa.org/
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[info-vqa]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.12756
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[mmmu]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.16502
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[textvqa]: https://textvqa.org/
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[realworldqa]: https://paperswithcode.com/dataset/realworldqa
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[remi]: https://arxiv.org/html/2406.09175v1
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[ai2d]: https://allenai.org/data/diagrams
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[chartqa]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.10244
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[vqav2]: https://visualqa.org/index.html
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[blinkvqa]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.12390
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[okvqa]: https://okvqa.allenai.org/
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[tallyqa]: https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.12440
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[ss-vqa]: https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.02660
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[countbenchqa]: https://github.com/google-research/big_vision/blob/main/big_vision/datasets/countbenchqa/
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## Ethics and Safety
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Ethics and safety evaluation approach and results.
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### Evaluation Approach
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Our evaluation methods include structured evaluations and internal red-teaming
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testing of relevant content policies. Red-teaming was conducted by a number of
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different teams, each with different goals and human evaluation metrics. These
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models were evaluated against a number of different categories relevant to
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ethics and safety, including:
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- **Child Safety**: Evaluation of text-to-text and image to text prompts
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covering child safety policies, including child sexual abuse and
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exploitation.
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- **Content Safety:** Evaluation of text-to-text and image to text prompts
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covering safety policies including, harassment, violence and gore, and hate
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speech.
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- **Representational Harms**: Evaluation of text-to-text and image to text
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prompts covering safety policies including bias, stereotyping, and harmful
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associations or inaccuracies.
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In addition to development level evaluations, we conduct "assurance
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evaluations" which are our 'arms-length' internal evaluations for responsibility
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governance decision making. They are conducted separately from the model
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development team, to inform decision making about release. High level findings
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are fed back to the model team, but prompt sets are held-out to prevent
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overfitting and preserve the results' ability to inform decision making.
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Assurance evaluation results are reported to our Responsibility & Safety Council
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as part of release review.
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### Evaluation Results
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For all areas of safety testing, we saw major improvements in the categories of
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child safety, content safety, and representational harms relative to previous
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Gemma models. All testing was conducted without safety filters to evaluate the
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model capabilities and behaviors. For both text-to-text and image-to-text, and
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across all model sizes, the model produced minimal policy violations, and showed
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significant improvements over previous Gemma models' performance with respect
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to ungrounded inferences. A limitation of our evaluations was they included only
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English language prompts.
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## Usage and Limitations
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These models have certain limitations that users should be aware of.
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### Intended Usage
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Open vision-language models (VLMs) models have a wide range of applications
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across various industries and domains. The following list of potential uses is
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not comprehensive. The purpose of this list is to provide contextual information
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about the possible use-cases that the model creators considered as part of model
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training and development.
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- Content Creation and Communication
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- Text Generation: These models can be used to generate creative text
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formats such as poems, scripts, code, marketing copy, and email drafts.
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- Chatbots and Conversational AI: Power conversational interfaces
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for customer service, virtual assistants, or interactive applications.
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- Text Summarization: Generate concise summaries of a text corpus,
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research papers, or reports.
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- Image Data Extraction: These models can be used to extract,
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interpret, and summarize visual data for text communications.
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- Research and Education
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- Natural Language Processing (NLP) and VLM Research: These
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models can serve as a foundation for researchers to experiment with VLM
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and NLP techniques, develop algorithms, and contribute to the
|
355 |
-
advancement of the field.
|
356 |
-
- Language Learning Tools: Support interactive language learning
|
357 |
-
experiences, aiding in grammar correction or providing writing practice.
|
358 |
-
- Knowledge Exploration: Assist researchers in exploring large
|
359 |
-
bodies of text by generating summaries or answering questions about
|
360 |
-
specific topics.
|
361 |
-
|
362 |
-
### Limitations
|
363 |
-
|
364 |
-
- Training Data
|
365 |
-
- The quality and diversity of the training data significantly
|
366 |
-
influence the model's capabilities. Biases or gaps in the training data
|
367 |
-
can lead to limitations in the model's responses.
|
368 |
-
- The scope of the training dataset determines the subject areas
|
369 |
-
the model can handle effectively.
|
370 |
-
- Context and Task Complexity
|
371 |
-
- Models are better at tasks that can be framed with clear
|
372 |
-
prompts and instructions. Open-ended or highly complex tasks might be
|
373 |
-
challenging.
|
374 |
-
- A model's performance can be influenced by the amount of context
|
375 |
-
provided (longer context generally leads to better outputs, up to a
|
376 |
-
certain point).
|
377 |
-
- Language Ambiguity and Nuance
|
378 |
-
- Natural language is inherently complex. Models might struggle
|
379 |
-
to grasp subtle nuances, sarcasm, or figurative language.
|
380 |
-
- Factual Accuracy
|
381 |
-
- Models generate responses based on information they learned
|
382 |
-
from their training datasets, but they are not knowledge bases. They
|
383 |
-
may generate incorrect or outdated factual statements.
|
384 |
-
- Common Sense
|
385 |
-
- Models rely on statistical patterns in language. They might
|
386 |
-
lack the ability to apply common sense reasoning in certain situations.
|
387 |
-
|
388 |
-
### Ethical Considerations and Risks
|
389 |
-
|
390 |
-
The development of vision-language models (VLMs) raises several ethical
|
391 |
-
concerns. In creating an open model, we have carefully considered the following:
|
392 |
-
|
393 |
-
- Bias and Fairness
|
394 |
-
- VLMs trained on large-scale, real-world text and image data can
|
395 |
-
reflect socio-cultural biases embedded in the training material. These
|
396 |
-
models underwent careful scrutiny, input data pre-processing described
|
397 |
-
and posterior evaluations reported in this card.
|
398 |
-
- Misinformation and Misuse
|
399 |
-
- VLMs can be misused to generate text that is false, misleading,
|
400 |
-
or harmful.
|
401 |
-
- Guidelines are provided for responsible use with the model, see the
|
402 |
-
[Responsible Generative AI Toolkit][rai-toolkit].
|
403 |
-
- Transparency and Accountability:
|
404 |
-
- This model card summarizes details on the models' architecture,
|
405 |
-
capabilities, limitations, and evaluation processes.
|
406 |
-
- A responsibly developed open model offers the opportunity to
|
407 |
-
share innovation by making VLM technology accessible to developers and
|
408 |
-
researchers across the AI ecosystem.
|
409 |
-
|
410 |
-
Risks identified and mitigations:
|
411 |
-
|
412 |
-
- **Perpetuation of biases**: It's encouraged to perform continuous
|
413 |
-
monitoring (using evaluation metrics, human review) and the exploration of
|
414 |
-
de-biasing techniques during model training, fine-tuning, and other use
|
415 |
-
cases.
|
416 |
-
- **Generation of harmful content**: Mechanisms and guidelines for content
|
417 |
-
safety are essential. Developers are encouraged to exercise caution and
|
418 |
-
implement appropriate content safety safeguards based on their specific
|
419 |
-
product policies and application use cases.
|
420 |
-
- **Misuse for malicious purposes**: Technical limitations and developer
|
421 |
-
and end-user education can help mitigate against malicious applications of
|
422 |
-
VLMs. Educational resources and reporting mechanisms for users to flag
|
423 |
-
misuse are provided. Prohibited uses of Gemma models are outlined in the
|
424 |
-
[Gemma Prohibited Use Policy][prohibited-use].
|
425 |
-
- **Privacy violations**: Models were trained on data filtered for removal
|
426 |
-
of certain personal information and other sensitive data. Developers are
|
427 |
-
encouraged to adhere to privacy regulations with privacy-preserving
|
428 |
-
techniques.
|
429 |
-
|
430 |
-
### Benefits
|
431 |
-
|
432 |
-
At the time of release, this family of models provides high-performance open
|
433 |
-
vision-language model implementations designed from the ground up for
|
434 |
-
responsible AI development compared to similarly sized models.
|
435 |
-
|
436 |
-
Using the benchmark evaluation metrics described in this document, these models
|
437 |
-
have shown to provide superior performance to other, comparably-sized open model
|
438 |
-
alternatives.
|
439 |
-
|
440 |
-
[g3-tech-report]: https://goo.gle/Gemma3Report
|
441 |
-
[rai-toolkit]: https://ai.google.dev/responsible
|
442 |
-
[kaggle-gemma]: https://www.kaggle.com/models/google/gemma-3
|
443 |
-
[vertex-mg-gemma3]: https://console.cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/publishers/google/model-garden/gemma3
|
444 |
-
[terms]: https://ai.google.dev/gemma/terms
|
445 |
-
[safety-policies]: https://ai.google/static/documents/ai-responsibility-update-published-february-2025.pdf
|
446 |
-
[prohibited-use]: https://ai.google.dev/gemma/prohibited_use_policy
|
447 |
-
[tpu]: https://cloud.google.com/tpu/docs/intro-to-tpu
|
448 |
-
[sustainability]: https://sustainability.google/operating-sustainably/
|
449 |
-
[jax]: https://github.com/jax-ml/jax
|
450 |
-
[ml-pathways]: https://blog.google/technology/ai/introducing-pathways-next-generation-ai-architecture/
|
451 |
-
[sustainability]: https://sustainability.google/operating-sustainably/
|
452 |
-
[gemini-2-paper]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.11805
|
|
|
1 |
---
|
|
|
2 |
license: gemma
|
3 |
tags:
|
4 |
- gemma3
|
|
|
6 |
- google
|
7 |
pipeline_tag: image-text-to-text
|
8 |
library_name: transformers
|
9 |
+
base_model:
|
10 |
+
- google/gemma-3-27b-it-qat-q4_0-unquantized
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
11 |
---
|
12 |
|
13 |
+
<p align="left">
|
14 |
+
<img width="65%" src="Fornax.jpg">
|
15 |
+
</p>
|
16 |
|
17 |
+
### Gemma 3 27B V4 Fornax
|
18 |
|
19 |
+
Gemma Fornax is a distillation of the updated R1 05/28 onto Gemma 3 27B, with a particualar focus on timely and generalizable reasoning beyond coding and math.
|
20 |
+
Most other open source thinking models, especially on the smaller side, fail to generalize their reasoning to tasks other than coding or math due to an overly large focus on
|
21 |
+
GRPO zero for CoT which only generalizes for coding and math.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
22 |
|
23 |
+
Instead of using GRPO, this model aims to SFT a wide variety of high quality, diverse reasoning traces from Deepseek R1 05/28 onto Gemma 3 to force the model to learn to effectively
|
24 |
+
generalize its reasoning capabilites to a large number of tasks as an extension of the LiMO paper's approach to Math/Coding CoT.
|
25 |
|
26 |
+
Varying CoT length in conjuction with explicit noise regularization during training also prevents the characteristic length overfitting of GRPO, which tends to manifest as waffling, where the model reasons to a set length even when it has already reached an answer.
|
27 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
28 |
|
29 |
+
## Recommended Settings
|
30 |
|
31 |
+
Temp .7 + Nsigma 1
|
32 |
|
33 |
+
## Special Thanks:
|
34 |
|
35 |
+
Google for open sourcing the excellent Gemma 3 model line.
|
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